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Sista HS; Loder RT; Caruthers MH Nucleic Acids Res 6: 2583-99 (1979) Chemical and enzymatic methods were used to synthesize a transition (AT to GC) and a transversion (AT to TA) at a lac operator site known to interact with lac repressor through the thymine 5 methyl gr79223451 The E. coli recA gene product promotes proteolytic cleavage of bacteriophage lambda repressor. pp. 157-8. Roberts JW; Roberts CW; Craig NL In: Cohen GN, Holzer H, ed. Limited proteolysis in microorganisms. Bethesda, DHEW/NIH, 1979. QU 13 The structure of a transcriptional unit on colicin E1 plasmid. Morita M; Oka A Eur J Biochem 97: 435-43 (1979) In an RNA-synthesizing system in vitro, a low-molecular-weight RNA consisting of about 110 residues (RNA-I) was efficiently synthesized on DNA of colicin E 1 plasmid (ColE1) and its deletion derivativ79236339 Quantitative and qualitative changes in RNA metabolism in rats fed N-2-acetylaminofluorene. 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The poly(A)+ RNA comple80022638 Pre-early adenovirus 5 gene product regulates synthesis of early viral messenger RNAs. Berk AJ; Lee F; Harrison T; Williams J; Sharp PA Cell 17: 935-44 (1979) 80022641 Location of additional early gene sequences in the adenoviral chromosome. Galos RS; Williams J; Binger MH; Flint SJ Cell 17: 945-56 (1979) Genetic and biochemical analysis has revealed additional early gene sequences in the group C human adenovirus genome. Physical mapping by an improved marker rescue method showed that a group of "early80022642 Genetic studies of the lac repressor. IX. Generation of altered proteins by the suppression of nonsence mutations. Miller JH; Coulondre C; Hofer M; Schmeissner U; Sommer H; Schmitz A; Lu P J Mol Biol 131: 191-222 (1979) 80029710 Genetic studies of the lac repressor. X. Analysis of missense mutations in the lacI gene. Miller JH; Schmeissner U J Mol Biol 131: 223-48 (1979) 80029711 Genetic studies of the lac repressor. XI. On aspects of lac repressor structure suggested by genetic experiments. Miller JH J Mol Biol 131: 249-58 (1979) 80029712 Inhibition of HeLa cell protein synthesis during adenovirus infection. Restriction of cellular messenger RNA sequences to the nucleus. Beltz GA; Flint SJ J Mol Biol 131: 353-73 (1979) 80029718 Polyoma virus transcription early during productive infection of mouse 3T6 cells. Piper PW J Mol Biol 131: 399-407 (1979) 80029720 Escherichia coli RNA polymerase binding and initiation of transcription on fragments of lambda rifd 18 DNA containing promoters for lambda genes and for rrnB, tufB, rplC,A, rplJ,L, and rpoB,C genes. Taylor WE; Burgess RR Gene 6: 331-65 (1979) Promoters of genes for bacteriophage lambda and for Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA (rrnB), elongation factor Tu (tufB), ribosomal proteins L11 (rplK), L1 (rplA), L10 (rplJ), and L7/L12 (rplL), and RNA80047847 Bacteriophage lambda mutants (lambdatp) that overproduce repressor. Truitt CL; Chu H; Walker JR J Virol 28: 877-84 (1978) Lambda tp mutants, selected for their ability to form turbid plaques on lon hosts, overproduce repressor. The tp1 and tp2 mutations have been located within (or adjacent to) the cIII gene. The tp1 mut79091475 The amino acid sequence of the trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase specified in Escherichia coli by R-plasmid R67. Stone D; Smith SL J Biol Chem 254: 10857-61 (1979) The amino acid sequence of a trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase (EC 1.5.1.3) specified by the R-plasmid R67 is described. The sequence was deduced from automatic and manual sequence analys80049683 A nuclear mutation altering the assembly of the energy-transducing membrane of yeast. Todd RD; McAda PC; Douglas MG J Biol Chem 254: 11134-41 (1979) 80049723 Bacteria with defective rho factors suppress the effects of N mutations in bacteriophage lambda. 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Whereas the trace77219636 Composite predictions of secondary structures of lac repressor. Bourgeois S; Jernigan RL; Szu SC; Kabat EA; Wu TT Biopolymers 18: 2625-43 (1979) 80110011 Studied on gene control regions IX. The effect of hypoxanthine-substituted lac operators on the lac operator--lac repressor interaction. Yansura DG; Goeddel DV; Kundu A; Caruthers MH J Mol Biol 133: 117-35 (1979) 80117844 Genetic studies of the lac repressor. VII. On the molecular nature of spontaneous hotspots in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli. Farabaugh PJ; Schmeissner U; Hofer M; Miller JH J Mol Biol 126: 847-57 (1978) 79132589 [Transcription process in rat thymus cells subjected to x-ray irradiation. 4. The biosynthesis and maturation of ribosomal RNA] Evtushenko VI; Khanson KP Radiobiologiia 19: 821-6 (1979) 80123026 Binding of lac repressor to the secondary lac operator in Escherichia coli. 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Guterman SK; Howitt CL Genetics 93: 353-60 (1979) The phenotype of Escherichia coli K-12 carrying rho-15 in the genetic background DW319 ilv lacZ::IS1 is described. Seventy-eight percent (70/90) of Ilv+ transductants acquired the following phenotype:80135161 Complex splicing patterns of RNAs from the early regions of adenovirus-2. Chow LT; Broker TR; Lewis JB J Mol Biol 134: 265-303 (1979) 80140461 New genes and promoters suggested by the DNA sequence near the end of the coliphage T7 early operon. Boothroyd JC; Hayward RS Nucleic Acids Res 7: 1931-43 (1979) We have employed the dideoxynucleotide chain-terminating method to determine the nucleotide sequence of T7 DNA between the physical map positions 18.9% and 19.8%. The most striking features of this se80144900 Heat-sensitive lambda repressors retain partial activity during bacteriophage induction. Lieb M J Virol 32: 162-6 (1979) At 43 degrees C, lambda cIts prophages are "induced" and enter the lytic cycle. Lac- lysogens containing heat-inducible lambda N- prophages were superinfected with a lambda trp/lac N+cI- phage contain80162956 Mitotic recombination and position effect variegation. Becker HJ Results Probl Cell Differ 9: 29-49 (1978) 79158921 A nuclear elongation factor of transcription from Physarum polycephalum in vitro. Ernst GH; Sauer HW Eur J Biochem 74: 253-61 (1977) Homogenates of Physarum plasmodia contain a factor which stimulates UMP incorporation on native DNA by solubilized homologous RNA polymerases in vitro. The factor is a heat-sensitive protein and has b77162021 The effects of actinomycin D, puromycin, cycloheximide and hydroxyurea on 3',5,3-triiodo-L-thyronine stimulated 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in chick embryo heart cells in vitro. Segal J; Gordon A Endocrinology 101: 150-6 (1977) The uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H]glucose ([1-3H]DOG) by cultured chick embryo heart cells was stimulated by L-triiodothyronine (T3). 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The RNA molecules initiated and labeled in vivo and el78158347 [Cellular differentiation and malignant transformation (author's transl)] Foa C; Nicoli J; Meyer G Bull Cancer (Paris) 66: 29-36 (1979) The mechanisms and determination of differentiation of normal and cancer cells were compared by distinguishing them from the phenomena of regulation, retrodifferentiation and maturation. Reference is 79125105 Identification of the N gene protein of bacteriophage lambda. Shaw JE; Jones BB; Pearson ML Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75: 2225-9 (1978) 78226338 Modulation of ribosomal RNA synthesis in Oncopeltus fasciatus: an electron microscopic study of the relationship between changes in chromatin structure and transcriptional activity. Foe VE Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 42 Pt 2: 723-40 (1978) 78237839 Histone changes during chromatin remodeling in embryogenesis. 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Benedetto A; Cassone A; Delfini C Antimicrob Agents Chemother 15: 300-12 (1979) 79143713 The mechanism of action of interferon. Joklik WK Ann N Y Acad Sci 284: 711-6 (1977) 79040220 Interaction of bacteriophage lambda repressor with nonoperator DNA containing single-strand gaps. Sussman R; Resnick J; Calame K; Baluch J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75: 5817-21 (1978) In direct binding assays, purified lambdaind+ repressor displayed high affinity for nonoperator DNA containing single-strand gaps. Its affinity for this same DNA but completely double-stranded, nicked79096068 Temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli mutant producing a temperature-sensitive sigma subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Harris JD; Heilig JS; Martinez II; Calendar R; Isaksson LA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75: 6177-81 (1978) A gene affecting the sigma subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase is tightly linked to dnaG at 66 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome. In order to create an easily selectable marker in this region79096139 Escherichia coli recA gene product inactivates phage lambda repressor. Roberts JW; Roberts CW; Craig NL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75: 4714-8 (1978) Phage lambda repressor is inactivated and cleaved into two detectable fragments during incubation with purified Escherichia coli recA gene protein in vitro, in a reaction that requires ATP. This react79116192 beta-Galactosidase chimeras: primary structure of a lac repressor-beta-galactosidase protein. Brake AJ; Fowler AV; Zabin I; Kania J; Muller-Hill B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75: 4824-7 (1978) A protein possessing both lac repressor and beta-galactosidase activities in a single polypeptide of about 155,000 daltons was purified from a deletion mutant of Escherichia coli in which the lacI and79116214 [Effect of insulin on the electrical properties of the membranes and transcribing activity of the cells of rats of different ages] Frol'kis VV; Martynenko OA; Khilibok IIu; Gol'dshtein NB Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 232: 1201-3 (1977) 77161668 Tryptic core protein of lactose repressor binds operator DNA. Matthews KS J Biol Chem 254: 3348-53 (1979) The core protein produced by mild proteolytic digestion of lactose repressor protein has been purified from native repressor by chromatography on phosphocellulose. The core protein isolated in this ma79151090 Cis- and trans-activity of P22 antirepressor protein against c-repression specified by the closely related Salmonella phages L and Px1. Prell HH Mol Gen Genet 168: 323-9 (1979) The ant products of Salmonella phage P22, synthesized by its immI region, releases when acting in cis replication inhibition for phages P22 and L. When ant product acts trans on a coinfecting immunity79177861 Rifampicin supersensitivity of rho strains of E. coli, and suppression by sur mutation. Guterman SK; Howitt CL Mol Gen Genet 169: 27-34 (1979) Escherichia coli strains with mutations rho-115, rho-ts15, rho-101 (psu-1) or rho-102 (psu-2) are more sensitive ("supersensitive") to rifampicin than isogenic parent strains, as measured by growth ra79177869 Control of bacteriophage lambda repressor establishment transcription: kinetics of l-strand transcription from the y-cII-oop-O-P region. Hayes S; Hayes C Mol Gen Genet 170: 75-88 (1979) The kinetics of lambda l-strand repressor establishment RNA synthesis were measured from the y-cII region of induced tof- prophage. The activity of the repressor is epistatic to the expression of gene79177896 Evidence for endonucleolytic cleavage at the 5'-proximal segment of the trp messenger RNA in Escherichia coli. Kano Y; Imamoto F Mol Gen Genet 172: 25-30 (1979) The 5'-proximal trp leader RNA segment (about 5S) decays at 2 to 3 times slower rates than the distal trp mRNA sequence. This has been demonstrated by employing the deletion mutants which lack a large79199001 Activity changes in lac repressor with cysteine oxidation. Manly SP; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 254: 3341-7 (1979) The effects of prior covalent cysteine modification or nonspecific DNA presence on the reaction of lac repressor protein with N-bromosuccinimide have been investigated. At low excesses, N-bromosuccini79151089 Hyperdegradation of proteins in Escherichia coli rho mutants. Simon LD; Gottesman M; Tomczak K; Gottesman S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76: 1623-7 (1979) An Escherichia coli mutant, HDF026, defective for growth of phage T4, has been characterized biochemically and genetically. The mutant displays an elevated level of degradation of abnormal proteins, s79201652 lac repressor changes conformation upon binding to poly[dA-T)] Kelsey DE; Rounds TC; York SS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76: 2649-53 (1979) N-(Iodoacetylaminoethyl)-1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonate reacts with Escherichia coli lac repressor to selectively label cysteine-140 with the fluorescent N-(acetylaminoethyl)-1-naphthylamine-5-sulfonate 79223848 Translation-uncoupled transcription of promoter-proximal DNA sequences in E. coli strains harboring mutationally-generated constitutive promoters within genes of the trp operon. Nakamura H; Kano Y; Schlessinger D; Imamoto F; McPartland A; Somerville RL Mol Gen Genet 172: 127-36 (1979) 80010891 Large and small invertases and the yeast cell cycle. Pattern of synthesis and sensitivity to tunicamycin. Gallili G; Lampen JO Biochim Biophys Acta 475: 113-22 (1977) We have examined the pattern of synthesis of the glycoprotein form of invertase and of the smaller carbohydratefree from in synchronous culture to obtain further infromation concerning their biosynthe77134812 Ribosomal RNA genes in Bacillus subtilis. Evidence for a cotranscription mechanism. Zingales B; Colli W Biochim Biophys Acta 474: 562-77 (1977) The analysis of the transcriptional mechanism of the ribosomal RNA genes in Bacillus subtilis was undertaken by a study of the rRNA chain elongation in the presence of rifampicin. The residual RNA syn77112525 Identification and characterization of a self-regulated repressor of translocation of the Tn3 element. Chou J; Casadaban MJ; Lemaux PG; Cohen SN Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76: 4020-4 (1979) Gene fusions that bring expression of the lacZ gene under control of transcriptional and trnaslational signals within the transposable element Tn3 have been used to study regulation of Tn3-specified p80035009 Interactions between DNA-bound repressors govern regulation by the lambda phage repressor. Johnson AD; Meyer BJ; Ptashne M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76: 5061-5 (1979) 80056634 The elongation factor Tu coded by the tufA gene of Escherichia coli K-12 is almost identical to that coded by the tufB gene. Furano AV J Biol Chem 252: 2154-7 (1977) Radioactive elongation factor Tu coded by either the tufA or the tufB gene of Escherichia coli K-12 was isolated from cells incubated with a mixture of radioactive amino acids after infection with the77140956 Distinctive nucleotide sequences of promoters recognized by RNA polymerase containing a phage-coded "sigma-like" protein. Talkington C; Pero J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76: 5465-9 (1979) We report the nucleotide sequences of two promoters for bacteriophage SP01 "middle" genes. These promoters are recognized by a modified form of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase that contains a phage-c80101443 [Action of cycloheximide on RNA synthesis and the formation of structures in the Venezuelan equine encephalomelitis virus] Sokolova TM; Tazulakhova EB; Ershov FI Antibiotiki 22: 252-8 (1977) The studies showed that the effect of cycloheximide on reproduction of the virus of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) depended on the time of the antibiotic administration. When the antibiotic was 77156014 Escape synthesis of RNA polymerase subunits and termination factor rho following induction of prophage lambda in Escherichia coli. Nakamura Y; Ikeuchi T; Imai M; Yura T Mol Gen Genet 150: 317-24 (1977) Synthesis of RNA polymerase subunits and of transcription termination factor p was studied after thermoinduction of prophage lambdac1857 located at several unusual sites on the chromosome of Escherich77146847 Biotinyl 5'-adenylate: corepressor role in the regulation of the biotin genes of Escherichia coli K-12. Prakash O; Eisenberg MA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76: 5592-5 (1979) A DNA filter-binding technique was used to study the interaction of the biotin repressor and operator site. From a biotin saturation curve, the concentration for half-maximal binding (K0.5) was calcul80101469 Fate of histone messenger RNA in synchronized HeLa cells in the absence of initiation of protein synthesis. Stahl H; Gallwitz D Eur J Biochem 72: 385-92 (1977) The fate of cytoplasmic histone mRNA was studied under conditions in which initiation of protein synthesis in synchronized HeLa cells is S phase was blocked by increasing the osmolarity of the growth 77115781 Nucleotide sequence about the 3' terminus of SV40 DNA transcripts and the region where DNA synthesis is initiated. Dhar R; Subramanian K; Zain BS; Pan J; Weissman SM Functional analysis of fractionated Drosophila Kc cell tRNA gene transcription components. Burke DJ; Soll D J Biol Chem 260: 816-23 (1985) We have previously described the partial purification of RNA polymerase III transcription components from Drosophila Kc cell extracts (Burke, D. J., Schaack, J., Sharp, S., and Soll, D. (1983) J. Biol85104955 A general upstream binding factor for genes of the yeast translational apparatus. Huet J; Cottrelle P; Cool M; Vignais ML; Thiele D; Marck C; Buhler JM; Sentenac A; Fromageot P EMBO J 4: 3539-47 (1985) Fractionation of yeast extracts on heparin-agarose revealed the presence of a DNA footprinting activity that interacted specifically with the 5'-upstream region of TEF1 and TEF2 genes coding for the p86135993 Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho has a two-domain structure in its activated form. Bear DG; Andrews CL; Singer JD; Morgan WD; Grant RA; von Hippel PH; Platt T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 1911-5 (1985) Limited tryptic digestion of Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho [an RNA-dependent nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase)] yields predominantly two fragments (f1 and f2) when the protein85166242 Attenuation of late simian virus 40 mRNA synthesis is enhanced by the agnoprotein and is temporally regulated in isolated nuclear systems. Hay N; Aloni Y Mol Cell Biol 5: 1327-34 (1985) Studies were performed to verify the physiological significance of attenuation in the life cycle of simian virus 40 and the role of agnoprotein in this process. For these purposes, nuclei were isolate85295964 Organization of the Escherichia coli chromosome around the genes for translation initiation factor IF2 (infB) and a transcription termination factor (nusA). Plumbridge JA; Springer M J Mol Biol 167: 227-43 (1983) The genes infB, for translational initiation factor IF2, and nusA for a protein involved in transcription termination are carried on a 4.8 X 10(3) base-pair DNA fragment. This fragment also carries pr83241751 Heterologous repressor-operator recognition among four classes of tetracycline resistance determinants. Klock G; Unger B; Gatz C; Hillen W; Altenbuchner J; Schmid K; Schmitt R J Bacteriol 161: 326-32 (1985) Homologous and heterologous repressor-operator interactions among four different classes of tetracycline resistance determinants have been compared. These are represented by RP1/Tn1721 (class A), R22285104727 Autorepressor properties of the pi-initiation protein encoded by plasmid R6K. Filutowicz M; Davis G; Greener A; Helinski DR Nucleic Acids Res 13: 103-14 (1985) A DNA fusion containing the promoter of the pir gene of plasmid R6K that encodes for the pi-initiation protein and the beta-galactosidase gene of Escherichia coli (lacZ) is described. The synthesis of85215457 Transcription termination factor rho and T-even phage development. Zograff YN; Gintsburg AL Mol Gen Genet 177: 699-705 (1980) A functional factor rho is necessary for T-even phage development; phages T2 and T4 require different degrees of rho activity. The rho inactivation by ts-mutations in E. coli causes a reduction of som80209231 Trans-complementable copy-number mutants of plasmid ColE1. Twigg AJ; Sherratt D Nature 283: 216-8 (1980) Plasmid ColE1, like many other small non-conjugative plasmids, is present in multiple copies (about 15 per chromsome equivalent) in Escherichia coli cells. Because of their high copy number, the repli80078212 [Isolation and characteristics of the messenger RNA of an interferon repressor] Zaitseva OV; Tazulakhova EB; Ershov FI Antibiotiki 25: 215-8 (1980) The methods of induction, isolation and testing of the functional activity of the informative RNA of the interferon production repressor were developed. The repressor informative RNA was found in the 80152141 In vitro synthesis of Escherichia coli carbamoylphosphate synthase: evidence for participation of the arginine repressor in cumulative repression. Lissens W; Cunin R; Kelker N; Glansdorff N; Pierard A J Bacteriol 141: 58-66 (1980) 80115539 gamma-Ray induced mutational spectrum in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli: comparison of induced and spontaneous spectra at the molecular level. Glickman BW; Rietveld K; Aaron CS Mutat Res 69: 1-12 (1980) The spectrum of mutations induced by ionizing radiation (gamma-rays) was determined in the lacI gene of E. coli. Base substitution was the principal type of mutational event following ionizing radiati80142966 How the lambda repressor and cro work. Ptashne M; Jeffrey A; Johnson AD; Maurer R; Meyer BJ; Pabo CO; Roberts TM; Sauer RT Cell 19: 1-11 (1980) 80132452 Transcription-termination factor Rho from Bacills subtilis. Hwang JY; Doi RH Eur J Biochem 104: 313-20 (1980) A protein has been isolated from Bacillus subtilis which has functions similar to that of transcription termination factor rho (rho) from Escherichia coli. The apparent molecular weight of the B. subt80178685 Deletions of distal sequence after termination of transcription at the end of the tryptophan operon in E. coli. Wu AM; Chapman AB; Platt T; Guarente LP; Beckwith J Cell 19: 829-36 (1980) 80199910 Specific interaction of a purified transcription factor with an internal control region of 5S RNA genes. Engelke DR; Ng SY; Shastry BS; Roeder RG Cell 19: 717-28 (1980) A factor necessary for the accurate transcription of cloned Xenopus 5S genes in vitro has been isolated from soluble extracts of X. laevis ovaries. The activity of the factor was monitored by its abil80155189 A novel factor for DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II in rat liver nuclei. Okai Y Mol Biol Rep 9: 235-40 (1984) The author found, in rat liver nuclei, a novel factor which exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on RNA chain initiation by various classes of RNA polymerases (I, II and III) using an exogenous DNA te84167838 Three trans-acting regulatory proteins of herpes simplex virus modulate immediate-early gene expression in a pathway involving positive and negative feedback regulation. O'Hare P; Hayward GS J Virol 56: 723-33 (1985) trans-Acting regulatory components of herpes simplex virus were studied in a transient assay system by the analysis of expression of recombinant constructs which contain virus delayed-early (DE) or im86062901 Regulation of ribonucleic acid polymerase synthesis during restriction of an Escherichia coli mutant temperature sensitive for transcription factor sigma. Blumenthal RM; Dennis PP J Bacteriol 142: 1049-54 (1980) An Escherichia coli mutant temperature sensitive for the sigma subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase was shifted to restrictive temperatures. In response to these restrictions the transcription of rp80204258 Suppression of lambda PRM- mutations by cin-1, a mutation creating a new promoter for leftward transcription of the cI gene. Gussin GN; Matz K; Wulff D Virology 103: 465-74 (1980) 80215369 Isolation of a class C transcription factor which forms a stable complex with tRNA genes. Ruet A; Camier S; Smagowicz W; Sentenac A; Fromageot P EMBO J 3: 343-50 (1984) A yeast extract was fractionated to resolve the factors involved in the transcription of yeast tRNA genes. An in vitro transcription system was reconstituted with two separate protein fractions and pu84182496 korA function of promiscuous plasmid RK2: an autorepressor that inhibits expression of host-lethal gene kilA and replication gene trfA. Young C; Prince AS; Figurski DH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 7374-8 (1985) In broad host-range plasmid RK2, korA function prevents the lethal effect of kilA on Escherichia coli host cells and inhibits expression of trfA, the essential replication gene. From gene fusion and p86042668 [Effect of Escherichia coli mutations affecting the transcription termination rho on the development of T-even phages] Gintsburg AL; Zograf IuN Mol Biol (Mosk) 14: 520-30 (1980) The functionally active transcription termination factor rho is necessary for the T-even phages development. The inactivation of the factor by thermosensitive E. coli gene rho mutations results in blo80254328 Repressor represses cro represses repressor represses cro. Furth ME Nature 286: 330-1 (1980) 80254611 Effect of mutations in the RNA polymerase gene and that of the transcription termination factor rho on expression of the Escherichia coli galactose operon with an IS2 polar insertion. Yarulin VR; Gorlenko ZM Mol Gen Genet 201: 344-6 (1985) We analysed the effects on the expression of the gal operon of six phenotypically different mutations in the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase genes in combination with wild-type, rho, and mutant, rho1586117922 Nuclear extracts from globin-synthesizing cells enhance globin transcription in vitro. Bazett-Jones DP; Yeckel M; Gottesfeld JM Nature 317: 824-8 (1985) In vitro transcription studies of cloned messenger RNA-coding genes have yielded considerable information regarding the sequence elements and protein factors involved in transcription initiation and R86040452 Regulated expression of mammalian histone H4 genes in vivo requires a trans-acting transcription factor. Capasso O; Heintz N Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 5622-6 (1985) Mouse L cells containing integrated copies of a human histone H4 gene have been obtained by cotransfection with the herpesvirus thymidine kinase gene. Nuclease S1 assays of RNA from several independen85298213 Footprinting of ribosomal RNA genes by transcription initiation factor and RNA polymerase I. Bateman E; Iida CT; Kownin P; Paule MR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 8004-8 (1985) The binding of a species-specific transcription initiation factor (TIF) and purified RNA polymerase I to the promoter region of the 39S ribosomal RNA gene from Acanthamoeba were studied by using DNase86068031 Transcription of glnA by purified Escherichia coli components: core RNA polymerase and the products of glnF, glnG, and glnL. Hunt TP; Magasanik B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 8453-7 (1985) We have shown that the purified glnF (ntrA) product of Escherichia coli binds to core RNA polymerase. Together these proteins initiated transcription at the nitrogen-regulated promoter glnAp2 on a sup86094244 Transcription factor Sp1 recognizes promoter sequences from the monkey genome that are simian virus 40 promoter. Dynan WS; Saffer JD; Lee WS; Tjian R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 4915-9 (1985) A 440-base-pair fragment of African green monkey genomic DNA shares homology with the transcriptional regulatory region of simian virus 40 (SV40) and has been reported to direct transcription in vivo.85270437 Interleukin 2 receptor (Tac antigen) expression in HTLV-I-associated adult T-cell leukemia. Waldmann TA; Longo DL; Leonard WJ; Depper JM; Thompson CB; Kronke M; Goldman CK; Sharrow S; Bongiovanni K; Greene WC Cancer Res 45: 4559s-4562s (1985) Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine synthesized by some T-cells following activation. Resting T-cells do not express IL-2 receptors, but receptors are rapidly expressed on T-cells following interacti85254470 Control of early gene expression of bacteriophage T4: involvement of the host rho factor and the mot gene of the bacteriophage. Linder CH; Skold O J Virol 33: 724-32 (1980) 81009718 The pX protein of HTLV-I is a transcriptional activator of its long terminal repeats. Felber BK; Paskalis H; Kleinman-Ewing C; Wong-Staal F; Pavlakis GN Science 229: 675-9 (1985) Expression of the pX protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) in animal cells demonstrates that this protein is a specific transcriptional activator of the long terminal repeats (LTR) of85272568 Exclusion of bacteriophage T1 by bacteriophage lambda. II. Synthesis of T1-specific macromolecules under N-mediated excluding conditions. Gawron MC; Christensen JR; Shoemaker TM J Virol 35: 93-104 (1980) The results of experiments investigating T1 macromolecular synthesis under N-mediated excluding conditions failed to demonstrate a substantial alteration in the T1 mRNA production in excluding culture81009769 Location of cis-acting regulatory sequences in the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat. Rosen CA; Sodroski JG; Haseltine WA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 6502-6 (1985) The location of cis-acting regulatory regions within the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1) was determined. The sequences present between nucleotides -350 an86016730 The lor gene and pathogenesis of HTLV-I, -II, and -III. Haseltine WA; Sodroski J; Rosen C Cancer Res 45: 4545s-4549s (1985) 85254467 [Comparison of the messenger RNAs of interferon and of its production repressor] Tazulakhova EB; Zaitseva OV; Ershov FI Antibiotiki 25: 659-64 (1980) Informative RNA of interferon and its production repressor were isolated from the cells of the chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF). These 2 RNAs were characterized comparatively. It was found that isolatio81020079 Delta factor increases promoter selectivity of Bacillus subtilis vegetative cell RNA polymerase. Dickel CD; Burtis KC; Doi RH Biochem Biophys Res Commun 95: 1789-95 (1980) 81021254 Ribonucleic acid release activity of transcription termination protein rho is dependent on the hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphates. Richardson JP; Conaway R Biochemistry 19: 4293-9 (1980) 81021546 Nucleotide sequence and predicted amino acid sequence of a protein encoded in a small herpes simplex virus DNA fragment capable of trans-inducing alpha genes. Pellett PE; McKnight JL; Jenkins FJ; Roizman B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 5870-4 (1985) The five alpha genes of herpes simplex virus 1 are the first set of genes to be expressed after infection. Previous studies have shown that alpha genes resident in eukaryotic cells are induced by infe85298259 Association of a 5S gene transcription factor with 5S RNA and altered levels of the factor during cell differentiation. Honda BM; Roeder RG Cell 22: 119-26 (1980) We have previously purified from Xenopus ovaries a protein factor (TF IIIA) which is necessary for the accurate in vitro transcription of 5S RNA genes. We now report that this factor (a 5S gene transc81042295 Genetic analysis of the lac repressor. Miller JH Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 90: 1-18 (1980) 81043235 Immunity and repression in bacteriophages P1 and P7. Scott JR Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 90: 49-65 (1980) 81043239 Transcription termination signal for the cat-86 indicator gene in a Bacillus subtilis promoter-cloning plasmid. Mongkolsuk S; Duvall EJ; Lovett PS Gene 37: 83-90 (1985) Plasmid pPL703 is a promoter-cloning plasmid for Bacillus subtilis consisting of the promoter-less cat-86 gene inserted between the EcoRI and BamHI sites of pUB110. The orientation of cat-86 in pPL70386031369 Molecular biology of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses. Wong-Staal F; Ratner L; Shaw G; Hahn B; Harper M; Franchini G; Gallo R Cancer Res 45: 4539s-4544s (1985) The generic name for a family of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses is HTLV. Two of the three members in this family have been linked etiologically to human diseases: HTLV-I with adult T-cell leukemia 85254466 Products of nitrogen regulatory genes ntrA and ntrC of enteric bacteria activate glnA transcription in vitro: evidence that the ntrA product is a sigma factor. Hirschman J; Wong PK; Sei K; Keener J; Kustu S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 7525-9 (1985) In enteric bacteria the products of two nitrogen regulatory genes, ntrA and ntrC, activate transcription of glnA, the structural gene encoding glutamine synthetase, both in vivo and in vitro. The ntrC86067937 Stable transcription complex on a class III gene in a minichromosome. Lassar AB; Hamer DH; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 5: 40-5 (1985) We have constructed recombinant simian virus 40 molecules containing Xenopus 5S RNA and tRNA genes. Recombinant minichromosomes containing these genes were isolated to study the interaction of RNA pol85163485 Modulation of gene expression in Escherichia coli infected with single-stranded bacteriophage phi X174. Ghosh A; Pal SK; Poddar RK Mol Gen Genet 198: 304-8 (1985) Synthesis of tryptophanase, D-serine deaminase and alkaline phosphatase in Escherichia coli C was repressed as the result of infection with the single-stranded DNA bacteriophage phi X174. However, the85162990 Physiology of the SOS response: kinetics of lexA and recA transcriptional activity following induction. Markham BE; Harper JE; Mount DW Mol Gen Genet 198: 207-12 (1985) The products of the lexA and recA genes play central roles in the regulation of the Escherichia coli SOS response. We have measured the rate of mRNA synthesis from each gene at intervals following var85162979 Transcription analysis of the lexA gene of Escherichia coli: attenuation and cotranscription with the neighboring region. Miki T; Shirabe K; Ebina Y; Nakazawa A Nucleic Acids Res 12: 1203-17 (1984) The lexA gene of Escherichia coli encodes a repressor of the genes whose expression is induced by the agents that result in DNA damage. In vivo transcripts of the lexA gene consisted of two species; m84118811 DNA sequence of the E. coli trpR gene and prediction of the amino acid sequence of Trp repressor. Singleton CK; Roeder WD; Bogosian G; Somerville RL; Weith HL Nucleic Acids Res 8: 1551-60 (1980) A DNA sequence of 1041 base pairs from a BamHI fragment containing the E. coli trpR gene has been determined. With this sequence and other experimental evidence, the primary structure (88 amino acids)81053831 DNA unwinding ability of Xenopus transcription factor A. Hanas JS; Bogenhagen DF; Wu CW Nucleic Acids Res 12: 1265-76 (1984) The duplex DNA unwinding ability of Xenopus transcription factor A was examined by treatment of plasmid-protein complexes with calf thymus topoisomerase I and resolution of the topoisomer distribution84118815 Kinetic analysis of mutations affecting the cII activation site at the PRE promoter of bacteriophage lambda. Shih MC; Gussin GN Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 6432-6 (1984) Abortive initiation and run-off transcription assays were used to study the effects of cy mutations on activation of the phage lambda PRE promoter by cII gene product. Six point mutations in the repea85038529 Rho-dependence of the terminator active at the end of the I region of transcription of bacteriophage f1. La Farina M; Vitale M Mol Gen Genet 195: 5-9 (1984) Infection of rho- Escherichia coli cells with deletion mutant PII of bacteriophage f1 results in a miniphage RNA population composed of transcripts longer than those synthesized in the infection of rh85035856 Distinctly regulated tandem upstream activation sites mediate catabolite repression of the CYC1 gene of S. cerevisiae. Guarente L; Lalonde B; Gifford P; Alani E Cell 36: 503-11 (1984) The upstream activation site (UAS) of the yeast CYC1 gene is shown to contain two homologous subsites, UAS1 and UAS2. Each site, when placed upstream of the transcriptional initiation region of the ye84106855 Transcription of human histone genes in extracts from synchronized HeLa cells. Heintz N; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 2713-7 (1984) Nuclear extracts were prepared from synchronized HeLa cells at various times during the cell cycle and assayed for the ability to transcribe several cellular and viral genes. The efficiency of transcr84194076 Homologous globin cell-free transcription system with comparison of heterologous factors. Tolunay HE; Yang L; Kemper WM; Safer B; Anderson WF Mol Cell Biol 4: 17-22 (1984) Mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells provide a useful model system to examine the regulation of globin gene expression. MEL cells ordinarily do not express globin genes, but in the presence of inducers, 84141853 Studies of RNA release reaction catalyzed by E. coli transcription termination factor rho using isolated ternary transcription complexes. Shigesada K; Wu CW Nucleic Acids Res 8: 3355-69 (1980) Protein factor rho catalyzes site-specific termination of transcription in a reaction requiring hydrolysis of nucleoside triphosphate with eventual release of RNA from RNA polymerase and DNA template.81076568 Purification of host factor required for in vitro transcription of poliovirus RNA. Dasgupta A Virology 128: 245-51 (1983) A host cell protein (host factor) which is required for the in vitro transcription of poliovirus RNA has been purified to near homogeneity from an uninfected HeLa cell ribosomal salt wash. A single pr83277529 Extraction of transcribing SV40 chromosomes in very low salt. Edenberg HJ Nucleic Acids Res 8: 573-86 (1980) SV40 chromosomes capable of continued RNA synthesis in vitro have been extracted from infected cells in solutions of very low ionic strength (5 mM HEPES, 0.25 mM MgCl2). The RNA made is of high molecu81076651 Transcription in acellular slime moulds. Seebeck T; Braun R Adv Microb Physiol 21: 1-46 (1980) 81082735 Mutational analysis of a regulatory region in bacteriophage lambda that has overlapping signals for the initiation of transcription and translation. Wulff DL; Mahoney M; Shatzman A; Rosenberg M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 555-9 (1984) The positively regulated PRE promoter of phage lambda structurally overlaps with the ribosome-binding and NH2-terminal coding region of the regulatory protein (cII) that activates PRE transcription. W84119525 Evidence for rifampicin-promoted readthrough of a fully rho-dependent transcriptional terminator. Cromie KD; Hayward RS Mol Gen Genet 193: 532-4 (1984) We have previously presented evidence that rifampicin promotes readthrough of various transcriptional terminators in vivo. This conclusion was based on measurements of galactokinase or beta-galactosid84167364 On the mechanism of nucleolar dominance in mouse-human somatic cell hybrids. Onishi T; Berglund C; Reeder RH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 484-7 (1984) The mechanism of nucleolar dominance was studied in two lines of mouse-human somatic hybrids. Both lines had preferentially lost human chromosomes but had retained significant amounts of both mouse an84119511 Inhibition of adenovirus early region IV transcription in vitro by a purified viral DNA binding protein. Handa H; Kingston RE; Sharp PA Nature 302: 545-7 (1983) Adenoviruses depend on cellular mechanisms for the decoding of their genetic information, and so provide a useful and simple model system for the investigation of mammalian gene expression. The five r83167521 The use of monoclonal antibodies for the characterization of a 5 S gene-specific transcription factor (IIIA) from Xenopus laevis. Kramer A; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 258: 11915-23 (1983) Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a 5 S gene-specific transcription factor (TFIIIA) from Xenopus laevis oocytes. Seven stable hybridoma lines were established and shown to secrete antibodies d84008207 Cooperative model for the binding of Xenopus transcription factor A to the 5S RNA gene. Hanas JS; Bogenhagen DF; Wu CW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 2142-5 (1983) 7S particles containing 5S RNA and the transcription regulatory protein factor A have been purified to near homogeneity from Xenopus laevis oocytes. The binding of the transcription factor to the Xeno83169837 5S rRNA gene transcription factor IIIA alters the helical configuration of DNA. Reynolds WF; Gottesfeld JM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 1862-6 (1983) Relaxation of Xenopus 5S plasmid DNA (pX1o8) in the presence of transcription factor (TF) IIIA reduces the linking number of the DNA. Parallel experiments with plasmid pMB9 or cloned hepatitis B viral83169781 A sporulation-induced sigma-like regulatory protein from B. subtilis. Haldenwang WG; Lang N; Losick R Cell 23: 615-24 (1981) We have isolated a sigma-like regulatory protein termed sigma 29 whose synthesis or association with Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase was induced during spore formation. sigma 29 is a sporulation-spec81135862 A large region controls tRNA gene transcription. Wilson ET; Larson D; Young LS; Sprague KU J Mol Biol 183: 153-63 (1985) We find that tRNA gene transcription is controlled by a region much larger than the previously described internal segments known as A and B boxes. In a Bombyx mori silkworm tRNA2Ala gene, transcriptio85237517 Problems associated with dose response in steroid-hormone activation of structural genes. Leake RE Mol Cell Endocrinol 21: 1-13 (1981) A typical target cell for a sex steroid hormone contains 10 000--20 000 specific high-affinity receptors for that hormone. However full physiological responses can be achieved with only 2000 of these 81139237 Production of abnormal proteins in E. coli stimulates transcription of lon and other heat shock genes. Goff SA; Goldberg AL Cell 41: 587-95 (1985) The product of the lon gene in Escherichia coli, protease La, plays an important role in the degradation of abnormal proteins. To determine whether the presence of abnormal proteins stimulates express85176982 Cell-specific expression of a transfected human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene. Ciliberto G; Dente L; Cortese R Cell 41: 531-40 (1985) We have cloned the human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) gene and identified the promoter and the transcription initiation point. The cloned gene, following transfection, is expressed in a cell-speci85176977 Functional analysis of lac repressor restart sites in translational initiation and reinitiation. Cone KC; Steege DA J Mol Biol 186: 733-42 (1985) To define some of the features that influence ribosomal recognition of translational restart sites in the lac repressor mRNA, recombinant DNA methods have been used to construct lacI-Z fusions in whic86143829 Messenger RNA conformation and ribosome selection of translational reinitiation sites in the lac repressor mRNA. Cone KC; Steege DA J Mol Biol 186: 725-32 (1985) In the early region of the Escherichia coli lac repressor mRNA, the pattern of cleavage by nucleases specific for single or double-stranded RNA confirms the presence of secondary structures previously86143828 Transcription start site and induction kinetics of the araC regulatory gene in Escherichia coli K-12. Stoner CM; Schleif RF J Mol Biol 170: 1049-53 (1983) The in vivo transcription start site of the araC message was determined by S1 nuclease mapping of hybrids formed between labeled DNA, and RNA extracted from cells grown under a variety of physiologica84064852 Identification of repressor binding sites controlling expression of tetracycline resistance encoded by Tn10. Wray LV Jr; Reznikoff WS J Bacteriol 156: 1188-91 (1983) The regulatory region controlling the expression of tetracycline resistance and repressor genes contains two nearly identical regions of dyad symmetry. Deletions of this control region were isolated b84061625 The promoter-specific transcription factor Sp1 binds to upstream sequences in the SV40 early promoter. Dynan WS; Tjian R Cell 35: 79-87 (1983) Fractionation of HeLa cell extracts reveals the presence of a promoter-specific transcription factor, Sp 1, which activates a class of promoters that includes the SV40 early promoter but not several o84026540 Cloning and expression of the Escherichia coli rho gene in a plasmid vector. Gulletta E; Spagnuolo G; Adhya S Microbiologica 8: 303-12 (1985) In order to further elucidate the role of Rho protein on transcription termination and cells growth control, we have subcloned by two steps the rho+ structural gene of Escherichia coli from Lambda rho86064923 Localisation and characterization of a new rho-dependent transcription terminator from bacteriophage T5. Brunel F; Pilaete MF Nucleic Acids Res 13: 7687-701 (1985) Relatively few rho-dependent terminators have been described in the literature. This manuscript describes another such terminator, isolated from phage T5. Functional analysis, involving the generation86067191 Interaction of spatial diffusion and delays in models of genetic control by repression. Busenberg S; Mahaffy J J Math Biol 22: 313-33 (1985) A class of models based on the Jacob and Monod theory of genetic repression for control of biosynthetic pathways in cells is considered. Both spatial diffusion and time delays are taken into account. 86061313 Ribonucleic acid synthesis termination protein rho function: effects of conditions that destabilize ribonucleic acid secondary structure. Richardson JP; Macy MR Biochemistry 20: 1133-9 (1981) The dependence fo rate of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis catalyzed by ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis termination protein rho from Escherichia coli with T7 RNA as cofactor is used to prob81184376 Developmental and genetic regulation of Bacillus subtilis genes transcribed by sigma 28-RNA polymerase. Gilman MZ; Chamberlin MJ Cell 35: 285-93 (1983) Sigma-28 RNA polymerase is a minor form of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase that is highly specific for transcription from a small number of promoter sites in the B. subtilis genome. We have followed 84026528 Nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance gene of pTHT15, a thermophilic Bacillus plasmid: comparison with staphylococcal TcR controls. Hoshino T; Ikeda T; Tomizuka N; Furukawa K Gene 37: 131-8 (1985) The nucleotide (nt) sequence of the tetracycline resistance (TcR) region (1628 bp) of the Bacillus plasmid pTHT15 was determined. A single open reading frame (ORF), encoding a 458 amino acid (aa) 50-k86031344 The binding of a transcription factor to deletion mutants of a 5S ribosomal RNA gene. Sakonju S; Brown DD; Engelke D; Ng SY; Shastry BS; Roeder RG Cell 23: 665-9 (1981) A transcription factor binds specifically to a region within the 5S ribosomal RNA gene that is known to be required for accurate initiation of transcription of the gene. We have confirmed the signific81186266 Bacteriophage lambda protein cII binds promoters on the opposite face of the DNA helix from RNA polymerase. Ho YS; Wulff DL; Rosenberg M Nature 304: 703-8 (1983) The bacteriophage lambda transcriptional activator protein, cII, coordinately regulates transcription from two phage promoters that control lysogenic development. We demonstrate that cII is a DNA bind83297672 Transcription termination factor rho of Escherichia coli K-12: some regulatory aspects of its expression and activity. Biville F; Blazy B; Guiso N Biochimie 65: 339-44 (1983) A highly sensitive radioimmunological assay of the transcription termination factor (rho) of Escherichia coli K-12 has been developed. This method allows to measure in crude bacterial extracts quantit84000630 Gene transcription. A pulling out of fingers [news] Enver T Nature 317: 385-6 (1985) 86014374 Initiation of transcription by bacteriophage T4-modified RNA polymerase independently of host sigma factor. Malik S; Dimitrov M; Goldfarb A J Mol Biol 185: 83-91 (1985) After infection of Escherichia coli with bacteriophage T4 a series of modifications of RNA polymerase takes place including the association of several small polypeptides. We isolated RNA polymerase fr86011595 Lac repressor mRNA transcription terminates in vivo in the lac control region. Cone KC; Sellitti MA; Steege DA J Biol Chem 258: 11296-304 (1983) We have isolated the in vivo messenger RNA encoding the lactose repressor protein of Escherichia coli by hybridization to lacI gene DNA, and have verified its identity by characterizing specific fragm83291093 Eukaryotic gene transcription with purified components. Dignam JD; Martin PL; Shastry BS; Roeder RG Methods Enzymol 101: 582-98 (1983) 83296944 Tissue-specific formation of transcription-initiation complexes at the 5' end of the mouse beta major globin gene. Triadou P; Lelong JC; Gros F; Crepin M Eur J Biochem 135: 163-9 (1983) Accurate initiation of transcription in vitro requires, in addition to RNA polymerase II, factors present in soluble extracts of cultured cells. We have developed transcription system in vitro, which 83287393 Two distinct transcription factors bind to the HSV thymidine kinase promoter in vitro. Jones KA; Yamamoto KR; Tjian R Cell 42: 559-72 (1985) We have characterized an in vitro transcription system derived from uninfected HeLa cells that accurately initiates RNA synthesis at the herpes virus thymidine kinase (TK) promoter. Analysis of linker85282613 Rho-dependent termination of transcription. II. Kinetics of mRNA elongation during transcription from the bacteriophage lambda PR promoter. Morgan WD; Bear DG; von Hippel PH J Biol Chem 258: 9565-74 (1983) The kinetics of elongation of the mRNA that initiates from the lambda PR promoter has been examined using specific restriction fragments as template, and the locations at which significant pausing of 83265763 Interaction of the sigma factor and the nusA gene protein of E. coli with RNA polymerase in the initiation-termination cycle of transcription. Greenblatt J; Li J Cell 24: 421-8 (1981) The nusA gene protein of E. coli is involved in regulating termination of transcription in vivo. In vitro it causes termination of transcription in the tR2 region of the PR operon of bacteriophage lam81210222 The positive transcription factor of the 5S RNA gene induces a 5S DNA-specific gyration in Xenopus oocyte extracts. Kmiec EB; Worcel A Cell 41: 945-53 (1985) We report that TFIIIA, the positive transcription factor of the 5S RNA gene, induces DNA gyration in Xenopus oocyte extracts. The reaction uses one molecule of TFIIIA per molecule of DNA and is highly85228245 Characterization of a factor that can prevent random transcription of cloned rDNA and its probable relationship to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Kurl RN; Jacob ST Nucleic Acids Res 13: 89-101 (1985) A factor which eliminated nonspecific transcription of cloned rat rDNA was extensively purified from rat mammary adenocarcinoma ascites cells by successive fractionations on DEAE-Sephadex and heparin-85215478 Sp1 binds to promoter sequences and activates herpes simplex virus 'immediate-early' gene transcription in vitro. Jones KA; Tjian R Nature 317: 179-82 (1985) During a herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) lytic infection, three classes of viral genes are transcribed in a temporally regulated manner. The HSV-1 'immediate-early' (IE) promoter sequences contain multip85296380 Preferential inhibition of the activity of a stimulatory protein of eukaryotic transcription by platinum (II) complexes. Matsumoto N; Sekimizu K; Horikoshi M; Ohtsuki M; Kidani Y; Natori S Cancer Res 43: 4338-42 (1983) The effect of platinum(II) complexes on RNA polymerase II was studied. (D-Glucuronato)(1R,2R-cyclohexanediamine)platinum(II) nitrate (II-GHP) preferentially inhibited RNA synthesis in the presence of 83259021 Bacteriophage phi X174-specific mRNA synthesis in cells deficient in termination factor rho activity. Hayashi MN; Hayashi M; Imai M J Virol 38: 198-207 (1981) A previous report (Hayashi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 73:3519-3523, 1976) indicated that in vivo bacteriophage phi X174 mRNA's terminate after genes J, F, G, and H. However, termination at 81218410 Interaction of rho factor with bacteriophage lambda cro gene transcripts. Ceruzzi MA; Bektesh SL; Richardson JP J Biol Chem 260: 9412-8 (1985) Rho protein is responsible for termination of transcription of the cro gene of bacteriophage lambda. Since rho is known to interact with the RNA whose synthesis is being terminated, we measured the sp85261334 In vivo evidence that the nusA and infB genes of E. coli are part of the same multi-gene operon which encodes at least four proteins. Nakamura Y; Mizusawa S EMBO J 4: 527-32 (1985) Previous work has shown that the Escherichia coli nusA gene codes for a protein which regulates transcription termination. The 16.0-kb EcoRI DNA fragment that includes the nusA gene, codes for at leas85257485 Identification of a La protein binding site in a RNA polymerase III transcript (4.5 I RNA). Reddy R; Henning D; Tan E; Busch H J Biol Chem 258: 8352-6 (1983) Anti-La antibodies are frequently found in patients with autoimmune diseases; the antigen was reported to be a 50,000-Da protein (Rinke, J., and Steitz, J. A. (1982) Cell 29, 149-159). Because this pr83238451 RNA sequence and secondary structure requirements for rho-dependent transcription termination. Morgan WD; Bear DG; Litchman BL; von Hippel PH Nucleic Acids Res 13: 3739-54 (1985) The interaction of E. coli termination factor rho with the nascent RNA transcript appears to be a central feature of the rho-dependent transcription termination process. Based on in vitro studies of t85242067 Transcriptional analysis of the adenovirus-5 EIII promoter: absence of sequence specificity for stimulation by EIa gene products. Leff T; Corden J; Elkaim R; Sassone-Corsi P Nucleic Acids Res 13: 1209-21 (1985) To identify the adenovirus-5 EIII promoter sequences that are involved in basal level of transcription, a series of promoter deletion mutants were analyzed in vivo by transfection into HeLa cells and 85215541 Termination of transcription in E. coli. Holmes WM; Platt T; Rosenberg M Cell 32: 1029-32 (1983) 83180402 Use of transcriptional repressors to stabilize plasmid copy number of transcriptional fusion vectors. Lambert PF; Reznikoff WS J Bacteriol 162: 441-4 (1985) Strong promoters cloned into transcriptional fusion vectors can adversely affect plasmid copy number. In this study, we investigated the use of transcriptional repressors, lacI and tetR, to stabilize 85157447 Isolation of transcription factors that discriminate between different promoters recognized by RNA polymerase II. Dynan WS; Tjian R Cell 32: 669-80 (1983) A new fractionation procedure separates a whole-cell HeLa extract into three components required for accurate in vitro transcription. One component (Sp1) is a promoter-specific factor required for tra83155644 The nus mutations affect transcription termination in Escherichia coli. Ward DF; Gottesman ME Nature 292: 212-5 (1981) The nusA1 and nusB5 mutations in a partial suppression of polarity and thus transcription termination in Escherichia coli. As these mutations block the transcription antitermination activity of bacter81245152 Termination of transcription by nusA gene protein of Escherichia coli. Greenblatt J; McLimont M; Hanly S Nature 292: 215-20 (1981) The nusA gene protein of Escherichia coli and N gene protein of bacteriophage lambda interact in vitro and cooperate in vivo to prevent transcription termination. In vitro the nusA gene protein causes81245153 Bacillus subtilis sigma 28 and Escherichia coli sigma 32 (htpR) are minor sigma factors that display an overlapping promoter specificity. Briat JF; Gilman MZ; Chamberlin MJ J Biol Chem 260: 2038-41 (1985) Bacillus subtilis sigma 28-specific promoters (P28) are utilized by a minor form of B. subtilis RNA polymerase (sigma 28RNA polymerase) and not by the predominant RNA polymerases of B. subtilis (sigma85130926 Segmental distribution of bithorax complex proteins during Drosophila development. Beachy PA; Helfand SL; Hogness DS Nature 313: 545-51 (1985) The Ubx and bxd transcription units comprise a single functional domain in the bithorax complex of Drosophila melanogaster. The segmental distributions and nuclear localization of proteins encoded by 85111174 A trans-acting factor is responsible for the simian virus 40 enhancer activity in vitro. Sassone-Corsi P; Wildeman A; Chambon P Nature 313: 458-63 (1985) Stimulation of in vitro transcription by the simian virus 40 enhancer involves a rapid and stable binding of a trans-acting factor with both the 5'- and 3'-domains of the enhancer sequence. The enhanc85111158 Lethality of the double mutations rho rep and rho ssb in Escherichia coli. Fassler JS; Tessman I; Tessman ES J Bacteriol 161: 609-14 (1985) The similarity of rho mutants to rep and ssb mutants in sensitivity to UV light and in recombination deficiency suggested that the function of the Rho protein might be related to that of Rep and Ssb. 85104784 Regulation of transcription of the repA1 gene in the replication control region of IncFII plasmid NR1 by gene dosage of the repA2 transcription repressor protein. Dong X; Womble DD; Luckow VA; Rownd RH J Bacteriol 161: 544-51 (1985) Transcription of the repA1 gene of the IncFII plasmid NR1 is initiated at two promoters in the replication control region. Transcription from the upstream promoter is constitutive at a low level, wher85104774 Plasmid vectors for positive selection of DNA inserts controlled by the lambda pL promoter, repressor and antitermination function. Honigman A; Oppenheim AB; Hohn B; Hohn T Gene 13: 289-98 (1981) Hybrid plasmids consisting of pBR322 or pOP203-3 and the EcoRI-D fragment of lambda DNA kill their bacterial host upon expression of a lambda gene (probably the kil function) located either between or81261939 Cloning and characterization of a transcription termination signal in bacteriophage lambda unresponsive to the N gene product. Honigman A Gene 13: 299-309 (1981) The pHA10 plasmid was designed for the cloning and selection of transcriptional termination signals. This study demonstrates the use of pHA10 as a cloning vehicle in the selection and characterization81261940 Synthesis of sigma 29, an RNA polymerase specificity determinant, is a developmentally regulated event in Bacillus subtilis. Trempy JE; Morrison-Plummer J; Haldenwang WG J Bacteriol 161: 340-6 (1985) Using an immunological probe, we have determined that the synthesis of the Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase promoter specificity determinant sigma 29 is a developmentally regulated event. sigma 29 is 85104729 Local mobility of the lac repressor molecule. Bandyopadhyay PK; Wu FY; Wu CW J Mol Biol 145: 363-73 (1981) 81267320 Formation of stable preinitiation complexes between eukaryotic class B transcription factors and promoter sequences. Davison BL; Egly JM; Mulvihill ER; Chambon P Nature 301: 680-6 (1983) 83141767 RNA polymerase heterogeneity in Streptomyces coelicolor. Westpheling J; Ranes M; Losick R Nature 313: 22-7 (1985) Two forms of RNA polymerase holoenzyme have been identified in the filamentous differentiating bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. They contain different species of sigma factor and are distinguishable85086261 Sigma factors in multitude [news] Travers A Nature 313: 15-6 (1985) 85086260 Rho-dependent transcription termination at lambda R1 requires upstream sequences. Lau LF; Roberts JW J Biol Chem 260: 574-84 (1985) In order to define the DNA sequence requirements for rho-dependent transcription termination, we have constructed and analyzed two classes of mutants affecting the cro-tR1 region of phage lambda: one 85080138 Transcription factor binding is limited by the 5'-flanking regions of a Drosophila tRNAHis gene and a tRNAHis pseudogene. Cooley L; Schaack J; Burke DJ; Thomas B; Soll D Mol Cell Biol 4: 2714-22 (1984) We determined the sequence of a Drosophila tRNA gene cluster containing a tRNAHis gene and a tRNAHis pseudogene in close proximity on the same DNA strand. The pseudogene contains eight consecutive bas85137463 Correlations between transcription of a yeast tRNA gene and transcription factor-DNA interactions. Stillman DJ; Sivertsen AL; Zentner PG; Geiduschek EP J Biol Chem 259: 7955-62 (1984) A partly purified fraction from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity and contains protein which binds specifically to two internal promoter regions of RNA po84239745 P22 c2 repressor. Domain structure and function. De Anda J; Poteete AR; Sauer RT J Biol Chem 258: 10536-42 (1983) The c2 repressor of bacteriophage P22 can be digested with trypsin, chymotrypsin, or elastase to yield stable fragments. Purified NH2-terminal fragments, like intact repressor, bind specifically to P283290981 Activation of the major drosophila heat-shock genes in vitro. Craine BL; Kornberg T Cell 25: 671-81 (1981) Inactive Drosophila heat-shock genes of isolated diploid nuclei can be induced to a transcriptionally active state by exposure to cytoplasmic extracts from heat-shocked Drosophila cells. No effect was82025578 The operon that encodes the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase also encodes ribosomal protein S21 and DNA primase in E. coli K12. Burton ZF; Gross CA; Watanabe KK; Burgess RR Cell 32: 335-49 (1983) The sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase is encoded by the rpoD gene. Within the sequence upstream from rpoD, we have identified the structural genes rpsU and dnaG, which encode the 30S ribosomal p83129424 The effect of a lambda repressor mutation on the activation of transcription initiation from the lambda PRM promoter. Hawley DK; McClure WR Cell 32: 327-33 (1983) Wild-type lambda repressor activates transcription from the lambda PRM promoter by stimulating the rate-limiting isomerization step in the initiation reaction. The positive-control mutants of lambda r83129423 Regulation of Mu transposition. II. The escherichia coli HimD protein positively controls two repressor promoters and the early promoter of bacteriophage Mu. Goosen N; van Heuvel M; Moolenaar GF; van de Putte P Gene 32: 419-26 (1984) Two leftward Pc promoters for the repressor gene of bacteriophage Mu have been localized by fusions of the promoter region to the structural galK gene and by S1 nuclease mapping. Transcription initiat85155508 Structural features of yeast tRNA genes which affect transcription factor binding. Baker RE; Hall BD EMBO J 3: 2793-800 (1984) Transcription of yeast tRNA genes in vitro requires, in addition to RNA polymerase III, two accessory factors which are resolved by ion-exchange chromatography. One of these transcription factors (fac85126873 A rho-independent termination caused by the cloned inverted nut L site of phage lambda. Luk KC Mol Gen Genet 187: 320-5 (1982) For studying the termination activity of inverted nutL site of bacteriophage lambda, we have constructed a plasmid carrying the nutL fragment oriented reversely with respect to cloned lambda promoter 83088147 Competition for cellular factors that activate metallothionein gene transcription. Seguin C; Felber BK; Carter AD; Hamer DH Nature 312: 781-5 (1984) Metallothioneins (MTs), small cysteine-rich proteins, bind to and are inducible by heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium and copper. Recent gene-transfer and mutagenesis experiments have elucidated cis-a85086258 A bacterial repressor protein or a yeast transcriptional terminator can block upstream activation of a yeast gene. Brent R; Ptashne M Nature 312: 612-5 (1984) A bacterial repressor protein blocks transcription of a gene in yeast when its operator is placed in the promoter between the upstream activator sequence and the transcription start point. Putative tr85061617 Multiple specific contacts between a mammalian transcription factor and its cognate promoters. Gidoni D; Dynan WS; Tjian R Nature 312: 409-13 (1984) The human transcription factor Sp1 binds upstream of certain viral and cellular promoters and activates initiation of RNA synthesis from these promoters by RNA polymerase II. The Sp1 binding sites of 85061571 Trp aporepressor production is controlled by autogenous regulation and inefficient translation. Kelley RL; Yanofsky C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 3120-4 (1982) We constructed a trpR-lacZ gene fusion that specifies a hybrid protein that has full beta-galactosidase activity. The gene fusion was associated with the unaltered trpR transcription and translation c82247807 An interaction between gramicidin and the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase. Fisher R; Blumenthal T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 1045-8 (1982) Gramicidin, a peptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus brevis, inhibits initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6). We show here that 82174532 La antigen recognizes and binds to the 3'-oligouridylate tail of a small RNA. Mathews MB; Francoeur AM Mol Cell Biol 4: 1134-40 (1984) The La antigen is a cellular protein which interacts with many RNA species that are products of RNA polymerase III, including the adenovirus virus-associated (VA) RNAs. We demonstrate that the efficie84245513 Rates of growth, ribosome synthesis and elongation factor synthesis in a tufA defective strain of E. coli. Gausing K Mol Gen Genet 184: 272-7 (1981) A tufA defective strain of E. coli was isolated which by a single deletion event acquired a tufA-lacZ fusion gene and lost the normal functional tufA gene (see accompanying paper). A correlation betwe82124630 Specificity of release by Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho of nascent mRNA transcripts initiated at the lambda PR. Morgan WD; Bear DG; von Hippel PH J Biol Chem 259: 8664-71 (1984) We have studied the specificity and kinetics of release of nascent RNA from ternary transcription complexes by Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho in vitro. Stable ternary complexes,84239858 Physical properties and DNA-binding stoichiometry of a 5 S gene-specific transcription factor. Bieker JJ; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 259: 6158-64 (1984) A factor ( TFIIIA ) specifically required for transcription of the 5 S RNA gene has been physically and enzymatically characterized in its native state. TFIIIA is a monomer of 38,600 Da with a Stokes 84212423 A Drosophila RNA polymerase II transcription factor binds to the regulatory site of an hsp 70 gene. Parker CS; Topol J Cell 37: 273-83 (1984) A Drosophila RNA polymerase II transcription factor that is specific for at least one of the heat-shock genes has been isolated (designated HSTF for heat-shock transcription factor). This factor is re84205650 Nucleotide sequence of a Bacillus subtilis promoter recognized by Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase containing sigma 37. Moran CP Jr; Lang N; Losick R Nucleic Acids Res 9: 5979-90 (1981) We report the nucleotide sequence of the promoter for a Bacillus subtilis gene (spoVC) whose transcription is controlled by a 37,000 dalton species of B. subtilis sigma factor known as sigma 37 but no82081873 Nucleotide sequences of two Bacillus subtilis promoters used by Bacillus subtilis sigma-28 RNA polymerase. Gilman MZ; Wiggs JL; Chamberlin MJ Nucleic Acids Res 9: 5991-6000 (1981) RNA polymerase holoenzymes from many bacterial species share a common promoter recognition specificity since they use the same promoter sites on a variety of templates. These promoters generally inclu82081874 Control of bacteriophage phi X 174 gene expression by the transcription termination factor rho in vitro. Patrushev LI; Kapitza EL; Stukacheva EA; Shemyakin MF Mol Gen Genet 182: 471-6 (1981) The effect of rho factor on bacteriophage phi X 174 gene expression was studied in a cell-free, DNA-dependent, RNA-directed protein synthesizing system (transcription-translation coupled system) using82057491 Isolation of a cDNA clone for mouse urinary proteins: age- and sex-related expression of mouse urinary protein genes is transcriptionally controlled. Derman E Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78: 5425-9 (1981) A recombinant cDNA plasmid derived from mouse urinary protein (MUP) mRNA was isolated and used to determine the level of control of the developmentally regulated and the sex-linked expression of MUP g82060259 Evidence that ribosomal protein S10 itself is a cellular component necessary for transcription antitermination by phage lambda N protein. Das A; Ghosh B; Barik S; Wolska K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 4070-4 (1985) Bacteriophage lambda N gene product acts to modify host RNA polymerase allowing the formation of a termination-resistant transcription apparatus. Previous studies have demonstrated that the nusE71 mut85216635 Dissociation of transforming and trans-activation functions for bovine papillomavirus type 1. Yang YC; Spalholz BA; Rabson MS; Howley PM Nature 318: 575-7 (1985) It has been shown that genetic information encoded by the 3' open reading frames (ORFs), E2, E3, E4 and E5, of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1), is sufficient to induce cellular transformation of 86065490 Developmental and hormonal regulation of alpha 2u-globulin gene transcription. Kulkarni AB; Gubits RM; Feigelson P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 2579-82 (1985) Hepatic alpha 2u-globulin protein and RNA levels are under developmental and complex multihormonal control. The present studies directly evaluate the degree to which this regulation is transcriptional85190539 Ribosomal RNA transcription: proteins and DNA sequences involved in preinitiation complex formation. Iida CT; Kownin P; Paule MR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 1668-72 (1985) An in vitro transcription system consisting of partially purified transcription initiation factor(s) and purified RNA polymerase I from Acanthamoeba castellanii was used to study the mechanism of fait85166192 Stimulation in vitro of a heparin-resistant RNA polymerase I transcription complex. Haddox MK; Russell DH Biochem J 198: 207-10 (1981) A soluble factor partially purified from calf liver increases transcription by RNA polymerase I in isolated nuclei. Addition of the factor to reactions which have reached a plateau owing to the inabil82113100 Mutations in the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase which affect positive control of transcription. Hu JC; Gross CA Mol Gen Genet 199: 7-13 (1985) The sigma subunits of bacterial RNA polymerases are required for the selective initiation of transcription. We have isolated and characterized mutations in rpoD, the gene which encodes the major form 85213110 Control of cytochrome P1-450 gene expression by dioxin. Jones PB; Galeazzi DR; Fisher JM; Whitlock JP Jr Science 227: 1499-502 (1985) The environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) may produce its effects by altering gene expression in susceptible cells. In mouse hepatoma cells, TCDD induces the transcripti85142165 Control of ColE1 plasmid replication: initial interaction of RNA I and the primer transcript is reversible. Tomizawa J Cell 40: 527-35 (1985) Replication of ColE1-type plasmids is known to be regulated by a plasmid-specific RNA (RNA I), whose binding to the transcript (RNA II) from the primer promoter results in inhibition of formation of t85124604 Deletion of the 3' half of the yeast tRNA-Leu3 gene does not abolish promotor function in vitro. Carrara G; Di Segni G; Otsuka A; Tocchini-Valentini GP Cell 27: 371-9 (1981) The promotor function of the 3' and 5' half tRNA sequences in the yeast tRNA-Leu3 gene has been studied by in vitro transcription in Xenopus laevis germinal vesicle (GV) extracts. Truncation of the DN82137076 Independent control elements that determine yolk protein gene expression in alternative Drosophila tissues. Garabedian MJ; Hung MC; Wensink PC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 1396-400 (1985) The adjacent and divergently transcribed yp1 and yp2 genes of Drosophila were separated at a site that is 342 base pairs upstream of yp2 and 883 base pairs upstream of yp1. Each gene was separately us85140303 Eukaryotic transient expression system dependent on transcription factors and regulatory DNA sequences of vaccinia virus. Cochran MA; Mackett M; Moss B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 19-23 (1985) A transient expression system in which chimeric genes are expressed in cells infected with vaccinia virus was developed. Recombinant plasmids containing the promoter regions of vaccinia virus genes li85113148 Rho-dependent termination and concomitant NTPase activity requires a specific, intact RNA region. Sharp JA; Platt T J Biol Chem 259: 2268-73 (1984) We have investigated the specific DNA and RNA requirements for rho-dependent transcription termination in vitro. As a model, we have used templates containing the rho-dependent terminator of the Esche84135685 Gene transfer in amphibian eggs and oocytes. Gurdon JB; Melton DA Annu Rev Genet 15: 189-218 (1981) 82158890 Isolation and characterization of rho mutants of Escherichia coli with increased transcription termination activities. Tsurushita N; Hirano M; Shigesada K; Imai M Mol Gen Genet 196: 458-64 (1984) A novel type of rho mutants, rhos, with increased transcription termination activities have been isolated. A termination defective rho mutation rho-ts702 (formerly designated nitA702), which causes te85060513 nusB: a protein factor necessary for transcription antitermination in vitro by phage lambda N gene product. Ghosh B; Das A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 6305-9 (1984) We demonstrate that the protein product of the Escherichia coli nusB gene is essential for transcription antitermination in vitro by phage lambda N gene product. We recently have described a convenien85038506 Isolation of an active transcription initiation complex from HeLa cell-free extract. Tolunay HE; Yang L; Anderson WF; Safer B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 5916-20 (1984) A two-step procedure has been developed for the formation of RNA polymerase II transcription initiation and elongation complexes. Initiation complexes are rapidly formed in HeLa cell-free extract supp85014879 A rho-dependent transcription termination signal in bacteriophage f1. Moses PB; Model P J Mol Biol 172: 1-22 (1984) The bacteriophage f1 intergenic region distal to gene IV encodes a rho-dependent transcription termination signal. Terminator function in vivo and in vitro is dependent upon active Escherichia coli rh84114879 HeLa cell RNA polymerase III transcription factors. Functional characterization of a fraction identified by its activity in a second template rescue assay. Fuhrman SA; Engelke DR; Geiduschek EP J Biol Chem 259: 1934-43 (1984) That stable transcription complexes are formed in HeLa cell RNA polymerase III transcription extracts (Weil, P. A., Segall, J., Harris, B., Ng, S.-Y., and Roeder, R. G. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 616384111673 tRNAMetf2 gene in the leader region of the nusA operon in Escherichia coli. Ishii S; Kuroki K; Imamoto F Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 409-13 (1984) The promoter-proximal portion of the operon containing the Escherichia coli nusA gene has been cloned. Its nucleotide sequence shows that genes for tRNAMetf2 and a 15-kilodalton protein of unknown fun84119496 Analysis in vivo of factors affecting the control of transcription initiation at promoters containing target sites for trp repressor. Bogosian G; Somerville RL Mol Gen Genet 193: 110-8 (1984) An investigation of repression in the trp system of Escherichia coli was undertaken using operon fusions and plasmids constructed via recombinant DNA technology. The promoters of the trp operon and th84092817 Trp repressor protein is capable of intruding into other amino acid biosynthetic systems. Bogosian G; Somerville R Mol Gen Genet 191: 51-8 (1983) Escherichia coli strains with elevated intracellular levels of Trp repressor protein displayed complete growth inhibition on minimal media which contained high levels of tryptophan. The inhibition was83296975 Stable transcription complexes of Xenopus 5S RNA genes: a means to maintain the differentiated state. Bogenhagen DF; Wormington WM; Brown DD Cell 28: 413-21 (1982) Cloned 5S RNA genes added to Xenopus oocyte nuclear extract assemble into stable active transcription complexes that persist for many rounds of 5S RNA synthesis. This stability of the complex has been82137105 Mechanism of action of the lexA gene product. Brent R; Ptashne M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78: 4204-8 (1981) Genetic experiments have suggested that the lexA gene product of Escherichia coli represses a number of genes involved in the response to DNA damage, including recA and lexA. We purified the lexA gene82037807 Structure of the operator-binding domain of bacteriophage lambda repressor: implications for DNA recognition and gene regulation. Lewis M; Jeffrey A; Wang J; Ladner R; Ptashne M; Pabo CO Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 47 Pt 1: 435-40 (1983) 83233539 Fusion of the lac genes to the promotor for the cytidine deaminase gene of Escherichia coli K-12. Josephsen J; Hammer-Jespersen K Mol Gen Genet 182: 154-8 (1981) Phage Mu has been inserted into the structural gene for cytidine deaminase (cdd). By the use of phage lambda (lac, Mu) the promoter for the cdd gene has been fused to lacZ. In these strains lacZ expre81270020 Ribosomal RNA transcription in vitro is species specific. Grummt I; Roth E; Paule MR Nature 296: 173-4 (1982) 82148596 A hybrid promoter and portable Shine-Dalgarno regions of Escherichia coli. De Boer HA; Comstock LJ; Hui A; Wong E; Vasser M Biochem Soc Symp 48: 233-44 (1983) A gene expression system of Escherichia coli is described here that contains a portable Shine-Dalgarno region. Transcription of this system is under the direction of a hybrid promoter derived from trp87025899 The role of rho in bacteriophage T4 development. I. Control of growth and polarity. Daegelen P; D'Aubenton-Carafa Y; Brody E Virology 117: 105-20 (1982) 82154768 The role of rho in bacteriophage T4 development. II. mot-dependent (middle mode) RNA synthesis. Daegelen P; D'Aubenton-Carafa Y; Brody E Virology 117: 121-34 (1982) 82154770 Purified lexA protein is a repressor of the recA and lexA genes. Little JW; Mount DW; Yanisch-Perron CR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78: 4199-203 (1981) Escherichia coli shows a pleiotropic response (the SOS response) to treatments that damage DNA or inhibit DNA replication. Previous evidence has suggested that the product of the lexA gene is involved82037806 trans Activation of the simian virus 40 late transcription unit by T-antigen. Brady J; Khoury G Mol Cell Biol 5: 1391-9 (1985) We have investigated the role of simian virus 40 (SV40) T-antigen in the induction of late gene expression independent of its function in amplifying templates through DNA replication. Northern blot an85295972 Characterization of two mutations in the Escherichia coli galE gene inactivating the second galactose operator and comparative studies of repressor binding. Fritz HJ; Bicknase H; Gleumes B; Heibach C; Rosahl S; Ehring R EMBO J 2: 2129-35 (1983) A series of plasmids has been constructed which contain either a single one of the two operators O1 and O2 of the Escherichia coli galactose operon or different combinations thereof. This permits comp84131925 rho Factors from polarity suppressor mutants with defects in their RNA interactions. Richardson JP; Carey JL 3d J Biol Chem 257: 5767-71 (1982) rho proteins isolated from strains of Escherichia coli with the suA1, suA100, and suA120 polarity suppressor mutant alleles of the rho gene are shown to be defective in termination of T7 DNA transcrip82167433 Nitrogen regulation in Salmonella typhimurium. Identification of an ntrC protein-binding site and definition of a consensus binding sequence. Ferro-Luzzi Ames G; Nikaido K EMBO J 4: 539-47 (1985) We have investigated the DNA-binding ability of a nitrogen regulatory protein, the product of the ntrC gene, to several nitrogen-regulated promoters in Salmonella typhimurium. The ntrC protein is able85257487 A hierarchy of trans-acting factors modulates translation of an activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hinnebusch AG Mol Cell Biol 5: 2349-60 (1985) The GCN4 gene encodes a positive effector of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetic analysis has suggested that GCN4 is regulated by a hierarchy of interacting positive and86284678 DNA sequence required for efficient transcription termination in yeast. Zaret KS; Sherman F Cell 28: 563-73 (1982) The cyc1-512 mutation is a 38 base pair deletion in the 3' nontranslated region of the CYC1 locus in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The deletion occurred between two 7 bp directly repeated sequen82184406 Interaction of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase core with two specificity-determining subunits. Competition between sigma and the SPO1 gene 28 protein. Chelm BK; Duffy JJ; Geiduschek EP J Biol Chem 257: 6501-8 (1982) Gene activity in the development of phage SPO1 is transcriptionally regulated. Early viral genes are transcribed by the major vegetative cell RNA polymerase (E. sigma). Middle viral genes are transcri82190031 Inhibition of DNA-dependent transcription by the leader RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus: role of specific nucleotide sequences and cell protein binding. Grinnell BW; Wagner RR Mol Cell Biol 5: 2502-13 (1985) The leader RNA transcript of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibits transcription of the adenovirus major late promoter and virus-associated genes in a soluble HeLa cell transcription system. We examined86284607 Regulation of the establishment of repressor synthesis in bacteriophage lambda. Oppenheim AB; Mahajna G; Koby S; Altuvia S J Mol Biol 155: 121-32 (1982) 82192429 E1A 13S and 12S mRNA products made in Escherichia coli both function as nucleus-localized transcription activators but do not directly bind DNA. Ferguson B; Krippl B; Andrisani O; Jones N; Westphal H; Rosenberg M Mol Cell Biol 5: 2653-61 (1985) We previously purified and characterized functionally the Escherichia coli-expressed product of the human subgroup C adenovirus E1A 13S mRNA (B. Ferguson, N. Jones, J. Richter, and M. Rosenberg, Scien86284626 Intragenic localization of amber and temperature-sensitive rpoD mutations affecting RNA polymerase sigma factor of Escherichia coli. Nakamura Y; Osawa T; Yura T Mol Gen Genet 189: 193-8 (1983) A set of multi-copy plasmids carrying part or all of the rpoD gene of Escherichia coli have been used to localize several amber and temperature-sensitive mutations affecting RNA polymerase sigma facto83218524 Specific interaction between a transcription factor and the upstream element of the adenovirus-2 major late promoter. Miyamoto NG; Moncollin V; Egly JM; Chambon P EMBO J 4: 3563-70 (1985) Stimulation of in vitro transcription mediated by the upstream element of the adenovirus-2 major late promoter (Ad2MLP) involves its recognition by a specific trans-acting factor present in a HeLa who86135996 Putative repressor binding sites in the regions mediating transcriptional control of viral and cellular genes. Renan MJ Biosci Rep 5: 739-53 (1985) In this study, the sequences of several cellular genes (c-myc, c-fos, c-sis, c-mos, and the genes for urokinase, heat shock proteins, interleukin-2 and its receptor), thought to be controlled by negat86104597 Antitermination of transcription by the N-gene protein of bacteriophage lambda: recent progress and remaining problems. Greenblatt J Ann Microbiol (Paris) 133: 225-33 (1982) The N-gene protein of bacteriophage lambda recognizes sequences called nut in the lambda early operons and acts to prevent termination of the transcription of these operons. Part of the mechanism of a82204539 Studies on the interaction of Trp holorepressor with several operators. Evidence that the target need not be palindromic. Haydock PV; Bogosian G; Brechling K; Somerville RL J Mol Biol 170: 1019-30 (1983) The interaction of Trp repressor protein with partial trp operators was studied in vitro and in vivo. At high ratios of protein to DNA, Trp holorepressor formed stable complexes with DNA molecules con84064848 An RNA polymerase II transcription factor binds to an upstream element in the adenovirus major late promoter. Carthew RW; Chodosh LA; Sharp PA Cell 43: 439-48 (1985) A gel electrophoresis DNA binding assay has been used to identify proteins in HeLa cell extracts that specifically bind to the major late promoter of adenovirus. A major late promoter transcription fa86079526 A stable transcription complex directs mouse ribosomal RNA synthesis by RNA polymerase I. Cizewski V; Sollner-Webb B Nucleic Acids Res 11: 7043-56 (1983) Ribosomal RNA is synthesized from template molecules that are activated by a stable association with essential transcription factors. This activated template assembles prior to the onset of transcript84041502 Interaction of a gene-specific transcription factor with the adenovirus major late promoter upstream of the TATA box region. Sawadogo M; Roeder RG Cell 43: 165-75 (1985) A gene-specific transcription factor, called USF, has been partially purified from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. Addition of USF results in a 10 to 20 fold increase in transcription from the adenovirus 86079486 Growth-dependent regulation of rRNA synthesis is mediated by a transcription initiation factor (TIF-IA). Buttgereit D; Pflugfelder G; Grummt I Nucleic Acids Res 13: 8165-80 (1985) Mouse RNA polymerase I requires at least two chromatographically distinct transcription factors (designated TIF-IA and TIF-IB) to initiate transcription accurately and efficiently in vitro. In this pa86067224 Regulation of ribosomal RNA transcription during differentiation of Acanthamoeba castellanii: a review. Paule MR J Protozool 30: 211-4 (1983) During the cellular differentiation induced by starvation of Acanthamoeba castellanii, the expression of a number of genes is regulated. Evidence is reviewed that at least one of these, the precursor 84035834 The primary structure of the yeast hexokinase PII gene (HXK2) which is responsible for glucose repression. Frohlich KU; Entian KD; Mecke D Gene 36: 105-11 (1985) The nucleotide sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding the glycolytic isoenzyme hexokinase PII (HXK2), which is responsible for triggering glucose repression, has been determined. The r86056943 Multiple RNA polymerase holoenzymes exert transcriptional specificity in Bacillus subtilis. Doi RH Arch Biochem Biophys 214: 772-81 (1982) 82229848 Xenopus transcription factor A promotes DNA reassociation. Hanas JS; Hazuda DJ; Wu CW J Biol Chem 260: 13316-20 (1985) We demonstrate by agarose gel electrophoresis and DNase I footprinting that Xenopus transcription factor A promotes DNA reassociation. This ability of factor A is dependent upon the domain-like struct86033775 A positive transcription factor controls the differential expression of two 5S RNA genes. Brown DD; Schlissel MS Cell 42: 759-67 (1985) Somatic 5S RNA genes are transcribed preferentially over oocyte 5S RNA genes by 25- to greater than 200-fold when mixtures of cloned genes are injected into cleaving Xenopus embryos. This preference i86028172 Heterogeneity of RNA polymerase in Bacillus subtilis: evidence for an additional sigma factor in vegetative cells. Wiggs JL; Gilman MZ; Chamberlin MJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78: 2762-6 (1981) Preparations of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase (nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.6) from vegetatively growing cells contain small amounts of an activity (B. subtilis RNA p81247366 A CII-responsive promoter within the Q gene of bacteriophage lambda. Stephenson FH Gene 35: 313-20 (1985) A site within the phage lambda Q gene shares homology with the CII-activated promoters, pE and pI, and is oriented in the direction opposite to that of Q gene transcription. A DNA fragment containing 86006281 Control of eukaryotic messenger RNA synthesis by sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Dynan WS; Tjian R Nature 316: 774-8 (1985) The enzymatic machinery that carries out RNA synthesis provides the cell with the means to adjust the patterns of transcription in response to environmental and developmental signals. In eukaryotes, t85296323 Regulation and transcription direction of exuR, a self-regulated repressor in escherichia coli K-12. Hugovieux-Cotte-Pattat N; Robert-Baudouy J J Mol Biol 156: 221-8 (1982) 82242074 Bidirectional SV40 transcription mediated by tandem Sp1 binding interactions. Gidoni D; Kadonaga JT; Barrera-Saldana H; Takahashi K; Chambon P; Tjian R Science 230: 511-7 (1985) The 21-base pair repeat elements of the SV40 promoter contain six tandem copies of the GGGCGG hexanucleotide (GC-box), each of which can bind, with varying affinity, to the cellular transcription fact86018849 Transcription initiation of eucaryotic transfer RNA genes. Hall BD; Clarkson SG; Tocchini-Valentini G Cell 29: 3-5 (1982) 82259374 Species specificity of promoter recognition by RNA polymerase and its transfer by the sigma factor. Ernst H; Hartmann GR; Domdey H Eur J Biochem 124: 427-33 (1982) RNA polymerase holoenzyme from Micrococcus luteus synthesizes in vitro a run-off transcript of 85 nucleotides from a DNA fragment containing part of gene E of bacteriophage phi X174. This RNA starts w82261656 Transcription termination: sequence and function of the rho-independent tL3 terminator in the major leftward operon of bacteriophage lambda. Luk KC; Szybalski W Gene 17: 247-58 (1982) For cloning, assaying the function and sequencing terminators, we have constructed the pD12 plasmid, in which the late promotor p'R of phage lambda controls the expression of the galK gene of the pK0382262786 Cloning and characterization of the termination site tI for the gene int transcript in phage lambda. Luk KC; Dobrzanski P; Szybalski W Gene 17: 259-62 (1982) 82262787 araB Gene and nucleotide sequence of the araC gene of Erwinia carotovora. Lei SP; Lin HC; Heffernan L; Wilcox G J Bacteriol 164: 717-22 (1985) The araB and araC genes of Erwinia carotovora were expressed in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The araB and araC genes in E. coli, E. carotovora, and S. typhimurium were transcribed in d86033632 Control of transcription by the bacteriophage P22 repressor. Poteete AR; Ptashne M J Mol Biol 157: 21-48 (1982) 82268993 Transcriptional activation of cloned human beta-globin genes by viral immediate-early gene products. Green MR; Treisman R; Maniatis T Cell 35: 137-48 (1983) When the human beta-globin gene is transfected into Hela cells, no beta-globin RNA is detected unless the gene is linked to a viral transcription enhancer. In this paper we show that trans-acting aden84026511 Three morphogenetic waves in early development of Physa acuta (Gastropoda, Pulmonata). Vela JA Cell Biol Int Rep 9: 939-43 (1985) Evidence is presented that there are three morphogenetic waves in early development of Physa acuta: a) around 24-cell stage, b) at early gastrula, and c) at early trochophore, using a proflavin biolog86053585 An enhancer-like sequence within the Xenopus U2 gene promoter facilitates the formation of stable transcription complexes. Mattaj IW; Lienhard S; Jiricny J; De Robertis EM Nature 316: 163-7 (1985) Enhancers are eukaryotic promoter elements that increase transcriptional efficiency in a manner relatively independent of their position and orientation with respect to a nearby gene. There is growing85240597 Nucleotide sequence and mutational analysis of an immunity repressor gene from Bacillus subtilis temperate phage phi 105. Dhaese P; Seurinck J; De Smet B; Van Montagu M Nucleic Acids Res 13: 5441-55 (1985) We have identified and sequenced a bacteriophage phi 105 gene encoding an immunity repressor, the first to be characterized from a temperate phage infecting a Gram-positive host. Using superinfection 85297750 Chromosomal location of a Bacillus subtilis DNA fragment uniquely transcribed by sigma-28-containing RNA polymerase. Ferrari FA; Ferrari E; Hoch JA J Bacteriol 152: 780-5 (1982) A fragment of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome containing a gene whose transcription is dependent on sigma-28-containing RNA polymerase has been genetically mapped by means of an integrable plasmid. T83030671 Chicken embryo extracts contain a factor that preferentially blocks the accumulation of RNA polymerase II transcripts in a cell-free system. Tyagi JS; Merlino GT; de Crombrugghe B; Pastan I J Biol Chem 257: 13001-8 (1982) Chick embryos, chick embryo fibroblasts, and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts contain a factor that preferentially blocks the accumulation of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II tran83030839 Characterization of Drosophila transcription factors that activate the tandem promoters of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene. Heberlein U; England B; Tjian R Cell 41: 965-77 (1985) Fractionation of a nuclear extract derived from Drosophila tissue culture cells reveals the presence of multiple components involved in accurate transcription of both distal and proximal promoters of 85228247 Transcription of class III genes: formation of preinitiation complexes. Lassar AB; Martin PL; Roeder RG Science 222: 740-8 (1983) Class III genes require multiple cellular factors for transcription by RNA polymerase III; these genes form stable transcription complexes, which in the case of Xenopus 5S genes are correlated with di84044750 The phage lambda Q gene product: activity of a transcription antiterminator in vitro. Grayhack EJ; Roberts JW Cell 30: 637-48 (1982) Phage lambda gene Q encodes a positive regulator of phage late gene expression. We show that purified Q gene protein functions as a transcription antiterminator in vitro. It acts at the terminator for83050948 A temporally regulated promoter from Bacillus subtilis is transcribed only by an RNA polymerase with a 37,000 dalton sigma factor. Goldfarb DS; Wong SL; Kudo T; Doi RH Mol Gen Genet 191: 319-25 (1983) A 1,250 base pair Bacillus subtilis chromosomal HindIII restriction fragment (S fragment) has been cloned into the B. subtilis expression-probe plasmid pGR71. The S fragment induces the expression of 84013509 Purification and characterization of a transcription factor that confers promoter specificity to human RNA polymerase I. Learned RM; Cordes S; Tjian R Mol Cell Biol 5: 1358-69 (1985) A whole-cell HeLa extract was fractionated into two components required for accurate in vitro transcription of human rRNA. One fraction contained endogenous RNA polymerase I, and the second component 85295968 Rho-dependent termination of transcription. I. Identification and characterization of termination sites for transcription from the bacteriophage lambda PR promoter. Morgan WD; Bear DG; von Hippel PH J Biol Chem 258: 9553-64 (1983) We have conducted a detailed investigation of in vitro transcription from the bacteriophage lambda PR promoter in order to examine various aspects of the mechanism of rho-dependent termination. In the83265762 A transcription factor required for promoter recognition by human mitochondrial RNA polymerase. Accurate initiation at the heavy- and light-strand promoters dissected and reconstituted in vitro. Fisher RP; Clayton DA J Biol Chem 260: 11330-8 (1985) Faithful transcription of human mitochondrial DNA has been reproduced in vitro, using a fraction of mitochondrial proteins capable of accurate initiation at both the heavy- and light-strand promoters.85289353 Structural analysis of RNA molecules involved in plasmid copy number control. Tamm J; Polisky B Nucleic Acids Res 11: 6381-97 (1983) DNA replication of the plasmid ColE1 and its relatives is controlled mainly by a small plasmid-encoded transcript known as RNA11. We have studied the conformation of RNA1 molecules from two related bu84015378 Nucleotide sequence of gamma delta resolvase gene and demonstration that its gene product acts as a repressor of transcription. Reed RR; Shibuya GI; Steitz JA Nature 300: 381-3 (1982) 83062876 Insertion of transcriptional elements outside the replication region can interfere with replication, maintenance, and stability of Co1E1-derived plasmids. Bujard H; Stueber D; Gentz R; Deuschle U; Peschke U Basic Life Sci 30: 45-52 (1985) 85251493 Phage lambda gene Q antiterminator recognizes RNA polymerase near the promoter and accelerates it through a pause site. Grayhack EJ; Yang XJ; Lau LF; Roberts JW Cell 42: 259-69 (1985) The positive regulator encoded by phage lambda gene Q is a transcription antiterminator that affects RNA polymerase initiating at the phage late gene promoter, but not at other promoters. We show that85254926 Function of transcription termination factor rho in a model transcription system using synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid as template. Shigesada K; Imai M Biochemistry 21: 5849-56 (1982) The function of a transcription termination factor, rho, has been studied by using several synthetic DNAs with simple repetitive base sequences as templates for transcription. rho actually exhibits va83101223 Eucaryotic transcription complexes are specifically associated in large sedimentable structures: rapid isolation of polymerase I, II, and III transcription factors. Culotta VC; Wides RJ; Sollner-Webb B Mol Cell Biol 5: 1582-90 (1985) RNA synthesis in eucaryotes takes place on template molecules that are activated by stably associating with limiting transcription factors. In this paper we demonstrate that such stable transcription 85267674 Nucleotide sequence of the alpha ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli. Bedwell D; Davis G; Gosink M; Post L; Nomura M; Kestler H; Zengel JM; Lindahl L Nucleic Acids Res 13: 3891-903 (1985) In Escherichia coli some 19 transcription units encoding the 52 ribosomal proteins are scattered throughout the genome. One of the units, the alpha operon, encodes genes for the ribosomal proteins S1385242076 Autogenous regulation of transcription termination factor Rho. Barik S; Bhattacharya P; Das A J Mol Biol 182: 495-508 (1985) We present evidence that the transcription termination factor Rho is autogenously regulated in Escherichia coli. The steady-state level of Rho is increased approximately tenfold in rho mutant cells. I85237490 Convergently functional, Rho-independent terminator in Salmonella typhimurium. Carlomagno MS; Riccio A; Bruni CB J Bacteriol 163: 362-8 (1985) A typical Rho-independent terminator of transcription was found at the end of the histidine operon of Salmonella typhimurium. This site is used to terminate, in addition to the his operon mRNA, a 1,2085234385 Differential activation of RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes by the polyomavirus enhancer and the adenovirus E1A gene products. Berger SL; Folk WR Nucleic Acids Res 13: 1413-28 (1985) We have compared the effect of the polyomavirus cis-acting transcriptional enhancer and the adenovirus trans-acting E1A gene on expression of RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes (the adenovirus VAI g85215555 Common structural features of the genes for two stable RNAs from Halobacterium halobium. Moritz A; Lankat-Buttgereit B; Gross HJ; Goebel W Nucleic Acids Res 13: 31-43 (1985) The genes coding for the 5S rRNA and another stable RNA, termed 7S RNA, in Halobacterium halobium were isolated from a genomic library of this archaebacterium and their nucleotide sequences determined85215474 The intragenic control region of the Xenopus 5 S RNA gene contains two factor A binding domains that must be aligned properly for efficient transcription initiation. Bogenhagen DF J Biol Chem 260: 6466-71 (1985) The in vitro recombination of deletion mutants of the Xenopus borealis somatic 5 S RNA gene allows construction of mutants containing substitutions of synthetic linker DNA for blocks of 9 or 10 nucleo85207642 Cell cycle control of the human HSP70 gene: implications for the role of a cellular E1A-like function. Kao HT; Capasso O; Heintz N; Nevins JR Mol Cell Biol 5: 628-33 (1985) The gene encoding the human 70-kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP70) is subject to activation by the adenovirus E1A gene product and appears to be regulated in the absence of heat shock by a cellular 85187956 Characterization of the cloned terminators tR1, tL3 and tI and the nut R antitermination site of coliphage lambda. Luk KC; Szybalski W Gene 20: 127-34 (1982) 83158749 A complex control region of the mouse rRNA gene directs accurate initiation by RNA polymerase I. Miller KG; Tower J; Sollner-Webb B Mol Cell Biol 5: 554-62 (1985) To determine the size and location of the mouse rDNA promoter, we constructed systematic series of deletion mutants approaching the initiation site from the 5' and 3' directions. These templates were 85187945 Transcription termination factor rho mediates simultaneous release of RNA transcripts and DNA template from complexes with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Andrews C; Richardson JP J Biol Chem 260: 5826-31 (1985) Dissociation of RNA and DNA from Escherichia coli RNA polymerase in transcription complexes prepared with enzyme molecules located within and near a rho-dependent transcription termination region on b85182744 Characterization of transcriptionally active DNA-protein complexes from chloroplasts and etioplasts of mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Reiss T; Link G Eur J Biochem 148: 207-12 (1985) DNA-protein complexes that are capable of RNA synthesis in vitro (transcriptionally active chromosomes) were isolated from both chloroplasts and etioplasts of mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. Anal85179471 Conservation of genome form but not sequence in the transcription antitermination determinants of bacteriophages lambda, phi 21 and P22. Franklin NC J Mol Biol 181: 75-84 (1985) Comparisons are made among DNA sequences upstream from terminators in both leftwards and rightwards early operons of related coliphages lambda, phi 21 and P22. These sequences include both left and ri85160834 Characterization of factors and DNA sequences required for accurate transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5 S RNA gene. Taylor MJ; Segall J J Biol Chem 260: 4531-40 (1985) Cell-free extracts prepared from yeast cells have previously been shown to direct selective and accurate in vitro transcription of tRNA and 5 S RNA genes. We have further analyzed the transcription fa85157624 [Effect of the ts 15 mutation of transcription termination factor rho on expression of the uridine phosphorylase gene of Escherichia coli] Gol'tsmaier TA; Mironov AS; Sukhodolets VV Genetika 16: 597-601 (1980) The expression of nucleoside-catabolizing genes was studied in two isogenic strains, SA1030(rho+) and AD1600(rho ts 15). The deo-enzymes activities do not differ markedly in these two strains, though 81067863 Partial purification of stable transcription complexes with cloned tRNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster. Greenberg GR; St Louis D; Duncan L; Miller RC Jr; Spiegelman GB J Biol Chem 260: 6248-53 (1985) The specific transcription of a cloned Drosophila melanogaster tRNAVal4 gene and a tRNASer7 gene by extracts from a homologous embryonic cell line showed lag periods of about 30 min before maximum rat85207611 A quantitative assay for Xenopus 5S RNA gene transcription in vitro. Wormington WM; Bogenhagen DF; Jordan E; Brown DD Cell 24: 809-17 (1981) The in vitro transcription of Xenopus 5S RNA genes and of deletion mutants of these genes has been quantitated by assays that measure the efficiency of transcription and the ability to compete with th81234565 [Primary structure of the repeating element B2 and of the adjoining sequences in cloned mRNA actively transcribing in mouse liver cells] Ivanov PL; Ryskov AP; Kramerov DA; Georgiev GP Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 269: 227-30 (1983) 83209150 Formation and stability of the 5 S RNA transcription complex. Setzer DR; Brown DD J Biol Chem 260: 2483-92 (1985) 5 S ribosomal RNA in Xenopus has been shown to be transcribed in vitro from 5 S RNA genes that remain stably associated with required transcription factors through multiple rounds of transcription (Bo85130993 Rho mutations may unmask promoter activity in Escherichia coli K12. Colonna B; Saint Girons I Ann Microbiol (Paris) 133A: 87-90 (1982) 82180557 Cyclic AMP-dependent initiation and rho-dependent termination of colicin E1 gene transcription. Ebina Y; Nakazawa A J Biol Chem 258: 7072-8 (1983) We have analyzed the initiation and termination sites of transcription in vivo of the colicin E1 gene in Escherichia coli cells by S1-mapping assay and RNA blot hybridization. According to the S1-mapp83213454 Rous sarcoma virus encodes a transcriptional activator. Broome S; Gilbert W Cell 40: 537-46 (1985) Rous sarcoma virus expresses a transcriptional activator that affects the LTR as well as other promoters. We discern this activity as a stimulation of the transient expression of an LTR-promoted hybri85124605 Formation of a rate-limiting intermediate in 5S RNA gene transcription. Bieker JJ; Martin PL; Roeder RG Cell 40: 119-27 (1985) We have performed in vitro kinetic analyses of transcription from the 5S gene promoter in order to resolve the rate-limiting events which lead to accurate transcription of the 5S RNA gene. We demonstr85099313 Assembly of transcriptionally active chromatin in Xenopus oocytes requires specific DNA binding factors. Gargiulo G; Razvi F; Worcel A Cell 38: 511-21 (1984) Active minichromosomes assembled on injected 5S RNA gene clones are stable in Xenopus oocytes; endogenous 5S DNA specific factor(s) are required for their assembly. When somatic-type and oocyte-type 584282747 A Drosophila RNA polymerase II transcription factor contains a promoter-region-specific DNA-binding activity. Parker CS; Topol J Cell 36: 357-69 (1984) Drosophila RNA polymerase II requires at least two chromatographically distinct transcription factors (designated A and B) to initiate transcription accurately in vitro. We describe the partial purifi84106841 Studies on deo operon regulation in Escherichia coli: cloning and expression of the deoR structural gene. Short SA; Singer JT Gene 31: 205-11 (1984) Recombinant plasmid pBR322 derivatives containing the Escherichia coli deoR structural gene (coding for one repressor of the deo operon) and a mutant allele of the cmlA gene (chromosomally encoded chl85128436 Repressor structure and the mechanism of positive control. Hochschild A; Irwin N; Ptashne M Cell 32: 319-25 (1983) It has been suggested that the lambda repressor stimulates transcription of its own gene by binding to the lambda operator and contacting RNA polymerase bound to the adjacent promoter. We describe thr83129422 Nucleotide sequence of the gene, protein purification and characterization of the pSC101-encoded tetracycline resistance-gene-repressor. Unger B; Becker J; Hillen W Gene 31: 103-8 (1984) The nucleotide sequence of the pSC101-encoded tetracycline repressor gene (tetR) was confirmed. The deduced amino acid sequence is compared to that of other repressor proteins. To overproduce the repr85128423 The role of stable complexes that repress and activate eukaryotic genes. Brown DD Philos Trans R Soc Lond [Biol] 307: 297-9 (1984) The state of activity or repression of 5S RNA genes is built into the chromatin in the form of stable complexes. The characteristics and composition of these complexes will be described. Stable transc85113464 Transcription of adenovirus-2 major late promoter inhibited by monoclonal antibody directed against RNA polymerases IIO and IIA. Dahmus ME; Kedinger C J Biol Chem 258: 2303-7 (1983) Monoclonal antibody directed against RNA polymerases IIO and IIA completely inhibits specific transcription from the major late promoter of adenovirus-2. At comparable antibody concentrations, only a 83109063 Structural requirements for the interaction of 5S rRNA with the eukaryotic transcription factor IIIA. Pieler T; Erdmann VA; Appel B Nucleic Acids Res 12: 8393-406 (1984) In order to study the binding of the eukaryotic transcription factor IIIA to heterologous 5S rRNAs with a low degree of overall sequence conservation (less than 20%) we have utilized a transcription c85062822 The absence of a human-specific ribosomal DNA transcription factor leads to nucleolar dominance in mouse greater than human hybrid cells. Miesfeld R; Sollner-Webb B; Croce C; Arnheim N Mol Cell Biol 4: 1306-12 (1984) The basis for nucleolar dominance in mouse-human cell hybrids which contained all of the mouse chromosomes but an incomplete set of human chromosomes (M greater than H) was examined at the molecular l85061234 Conformational alterations of transcription termination protein rho induced by ATP and by RNA. Engel D; Richardson JP Nucleic Acids Res 12: 7389-400 (1984) Transcription termination protein rho from Escherichia coli possesses an RNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis activity necessary for expression of its termination function. We have used the rate of trypsin-me85037919 Altered levels of a 5 S gene-specific transcription factor (TFIIIA) during oogenesis and embryonic development of Xenopus laevis. Shastry BS; Honda BM; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 259: 11373-82 (1984) Xenopus laevis oocytes contain a 38,000-Da protein which serves both as a 5 S gene-specific transcription initiation factor (TFIIIA) and to stabilize 5 S RNA in ribonucleoprotein complexes. Using an a84289587 The htpR gene product of E. coli is a sigma factor for heat-shock promoters. Grossman AD; Erickson JW; Gross CA Cell 38: 383-90 (1984) The htpR gene of E. coli encodes a positive regulator of the heat-shock response. We have fused the htpR gene to the inducible PL promoter of phage lambda. Overproduction of HtpR following a temperatu84282734 Control of transcription termination: a rho-dependent termination site in bacteriophage lambda. Court D; Brady C; Rosenberg M; Wulff DL; Behr M; Mahoney M; Izumi SU J Mol Biol 138: 231-54 (1980) 81009568 Generation of monoclonal antibodies to RNA polymerase II for the identification of transcriptional factors. Tsai SY; Dicker P; Fang P; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW J Biol Chem 259: 11587-93 (1984) Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a partially purified RNA polymerase II preparation from hen oviduct. Hybridomas were screened using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and those producing an84289619 The lexA gene product represses its own promoter. Brent R; Ptashne M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 1932-6 (1980) The products of the lexA and recA genes of Escherichia coli regulate the cellular response to DNA damage (the SOS response). Here we describe the cloning of the wild-type lexA gene and the identificat80190159 Isolation of a transcription complex for ribosomal 5S RNA. Wingender E; Shi XP; Houpert A; Seifart KH EMBO J 3: 1761-8 (1984) Cloned 5S rRNA genes from Xenopus borealis oocytes can be used to assemble functional transcription complexes from cytoplasmic HeLa cell extracts as a source for polymerase III and all factors additio85003585 Transcription from a heat-inducible promoter causes heat shock regulation of the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase. Taylor WE; Straus DB; Grossman AD; Burton ZF; Gross CA; Burgess RR Cell 38: 371-81 (1984) The rpoD gene encoding the sigma subunit of E. coli RNA polymerase is cotranscribed with rpsU and dnaG, encoding ribosomal protein S21 and DNA primase, respectively. After temperature upshift, a heat 84282733 Nucleotide sequence of the repressor gene of the TN10 tetracycline resistance determinant. Postle K; Nguyen TT; Bertrand KP Nucleic Acids Res 12: 4849-63 (1984) The Tn10 tetR gene encodes the repressor that regulates transcription of the Tn10 tetracycline resistance determinant. We have determined the DNA sequence of the tetR gene and a 905 base pair region i84247342 rho Mutations restore lamB expression in E. coli K12 strains with an inactive malB region. Colonna B; Hofnung M Mol Gen Genet 184: 479-83 (1981) lamB, the structural gene for lambda receptor, is the second gene of the malK-lamB operon in the malB region of the Escherichia coli K12 chromosome. lamB is essentially not expressed in the absence of82147796 Mechanism of araC autoregulation and the domains of two overlapping promoters, Pc and PBAD, in the L-arabinose regulatory region of Escherichia coli. Lee NL; Gielow WO; Wallace RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78: 752-6 (1981) The DNA-protein contact sites in the ara regulatory region, which contains the promoters for araBAD and araC, have been determined for araC protein, the cyclic AMP-binding protein, and RNA polymerase,81199399 Domains of the positive transcription factor specific for the Xenopus 5S RNA gene. Smith DR; Jackson IJ; Brown DD Cell 37: 645-52 (1984) The 40 kd positive transcription factor that interacts with the 50 nucleotide internal control region of 5S ribosomal RNA genes in Xenopus can be subdivided into three functional domains by proteolyti84205700 A cII-dependent promoter is located within the Q gene of bacteriophage lambda. Hoopes BC; McClure WR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 3134-8 (1985) We have found a cII-dependent promoter, PaQ, within the Q gene of bacteriophage lambda. Transcription experiments and abortive initiation assays performed in vitro showed that the promoter strength an85216456 Promoter for the establishment of repressor synthesis in bacteriophage lambda. Schmeissner U; Court D; Shimatake H; Rosenberg M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 3191-5 (1980) Transcription of the lambda repressor gene (cI) is positively regulated by the phage-encoded proteins cII and cIII. We have isolated and characterized the 5'-terminal region of this RNA and shown that81013849 The role of stable complexes that repress and activate eucaryotic genes. Brown DD Cell 37: 359-65 (1984) 84205670 Formation of termination-resistant transcription complex at phage lambda nut locus: effects of altered translation and a ribosomal mutation. Warren F; Das A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 3612-6 (1984) Transcription antitermination by lambda N gene product is affected in a mutant Escherichia coli with altered ribosomal protein S10, caused by the nusE71 mutation. To study the role of translation in a84222010 A specific transcription factor that can bind either the 5S RNA gene or 5S RNA. Pelham HR; Brown DD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 4170-4 (1980) 5S ribosomal RNA specifically inhibits transcription of cloned repeating units of 5S DNA in a nuclear extract of Xenopus oocytes. The inhibition can be explained by the interaction of 5S RNA with a tr81054736 Promoter recognition by sigma-37 RNA polymerase from Bacillus subtilis. Tatti KM; Moran CP Jr J Mol Biol 175: 285-97 (1984) Bacillus subtilis possesses at least five different forms of RNA polymerase holoenzyme which are distinguished by their sigma subunit and their promoter recognition specificity. Sigma-37 RNA polymeras84216334 Control of expression of the Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance operon. II. Interaction of RNA polymerase and TET repressor with the tet operon regulatory region. Hillen W; Schollmeier K; Gatz C J Mol Biol 172: 185-201 (1984) The promoter and operator sequences of the Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance operon are determined in vitro by transcription studies of purified DNA restriction fragments, protection of guanosine f84114889 Kinetics of bacteriophage lambda repressor synthesis directed by the PRE promoter: influence of temperature, multiplicity of infection, and mutation of PRM or the cro gene. Yen KM; Gussin GN Mol Gen Genet 179: 409-19 (1980) 81122118 Sequences required for in vitro transcriptional activation of a Drosophila hsp 70 gene. Topol J; Ruden DM; Parker CS Cell 42: 527-37 (1985) The hsp 70 gene of Drosophila contains three domains to which a heat shock gene specific transcription factor (HSTF) binds. In addition to the previously described 55 bp binding domain proximal to the85282610 Enhancement of RNA polymerase III transcription by the E1A gene product of adenovirus. Hoeffler WK; Roeder RG Cell 41: 955-63 (1985) Nuclear extracts from adenovirus-infected HeLa cells harvested early in infection demonstrated a markedly increased capacity for transcription by RNA polymerase III of exogenous VA RNA genes, as well 85228246 Xenopus 5S gene transcription factor, TFIIIA: characterization of a cDNA clone and measurement of RNA levels throughout development. Ginsberg AM; King BO; Roeder RG Cell 39: 479-89 (1984) Initiation of 5S RNA gene transcription in Xenopus oocytes requires a 38,500 dalton polypeptide, TFIIIA. The levels of both 5S RNA and TFIIIA are regulated throughout oogenesis and embryonic developme85074456 Eukaryotic transcription complexes. von Beroldingen CH; Reynolds WF; Millstein L; Bazett-Jones DP; Gottesfeld JM Mol Cell Biochem 62: 97-108 (1984) Accurate transcription of eukaryotic genes in vitro is preceeded by the assembly of the template DNA into stable DNA-protein complexes. Such complexes have been reported for genes transcribed by each 84270338 The riddle of development [news] Marx JL Science 226: 1406-8 (1984) 85065792 Novel RNA polymerase sigma factor from Bacillus subtilis. Haldenwang WG; Losick R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 7000-4 (1980) A modified form of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase) has been isolated that exhibits distinctive transcriptional specificity. This modified enzyme transcribes two cloned ge81175077 Marker rescue with plasmids bearing deletions in rpoD identifies a dispensable part of E. coli sigma factor. Hu JC; Gross CA Mol Gen Genet 191: 492-8 (1983) Recombinant DNA techniques allow rapid construction and characterization of tools for genetic dissection of essential genes. In this report, we describe construction of a set of deletions in rpoD, the84038944 Bioassay for components regulating eukaryotic gene expression: a chromosomal factor involved in the generation of histone mRNA 3' termini. Stunnenberg HG; Birnstiel ML Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 6201-4 (1982) We have adapted the oocyte injection procedure for the detection of regulatory components involved in the transcription of a eukaryotic mRNA gene. Injection of the histone gene repeat h22 DNA of Psamm83065146 Specific interactions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins with a promoter region of eukaryotic tRNA genes. Klemenz R; Stillman DJ; Geiduschek EP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 6191-5 (1982) The specific binding of one or several Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins to a segment of genes that code for different yeast tRNAs has been demonstrated with the use of the DNase I-protection "footpri83065144 Promoter elements of genes coding for proteins and modulation of transcription by estrogens and progesterone. Chambon P; Dierich A; Gaub MP; Jakowlev S; Jongstra J; Krust A; LePennec JP; Oudet P; Reudelhuber T Recent Prog Horm Res 40: 1-42 (1984) 85015947 Initiation and termination signals for transcription in bacteriophage M13. Smits MA; Jansen J; Konings RN; Schoenmakers JG Nucleic Acids Res 12: 4071-81 (1984) Transcription of the infrequently expressed phage M13 genome domain, comprising genes III, VI, I and IV, has been studied in detail by hybridization and S1-nuclease mapping studies. The contiguous gen84221345 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole enhances premature termination of late transcription of simian virus 40 DNA. Laub O; Jakobovits EB; Aloni Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 3297-3301 (1980) Short RNA chains initiating at the major promoter sites for simian virus 40 (SV40) late transcription are elongated to approximately 450 nucleotides in a molar ammount greater than that from any other81013871 Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization investigation of complex formation of the NH2-terminal DNA-binding domain of lac repressor with poly[d(AT)]. Buck F; Ruterjans H; Kaptein R; Beyreuther K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 5145-8 (1980) The interaction of the NH2-terminal DNA-binding domain of lac repressor with synthetic oligo[d(AT)] was studied by a photo-CIDNP technique (CIDNP is chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization). T81054924 Nucleotide sequence and expression of Escherichia coli trpR, the structural gene for the trp aporepressor. Gunsalus RP; Yanofsky C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 7117-21 (1980) The nucleotide sequence of trpR of Escherichia coli was determined. This gene codes for a polypeptide (Mr 12,356) that is 108 amino acid residues in length. NH2-terminal, COOH-terminal, and total amin81175101 Structure of the lambda tof repressor protein in solution. Heat stability and its relation to binding ability to DNA. Iwahashi H; Akutsu H; Kobayashi Y; Kyogoku Y; Ono T; Koga H; Horiuchi T J Biochem (Tokyo) 91: 1213-21 (1982) The lambda tof repressor protein was purified from E. coli cells retaining lambda dv plasmids by applying DNA-cellulose chromatography. 3H-labeled lambda dv and lambda imm21dv DNA, carrying and lackin82239231 Second-site rho mutation: genetic linkage and polyC-dependent ATPase. Guterman SK; Howitt CL; Singer G Mol Gen Genet 178: 597-601 (1980) Rho has been purified to homogeneity from Escherichia coli double mutant rho-115 sur-38 cells, and from rho6 and rho-115 cells. The sur-38 mutation suppresses the original rho-115 phenotype. We observ80231840 Hybrid plasmid carrying Escherichia coli genes for the primase (dnaG) and RNA polymerase sigma factor (rpoD); gene organization and control of their expression. Nakamura Y Mol Gen Genet 178: 487-97 (1980) 80231827 Model for lactose repressor protein and its interaction with ligands. Dunaway M; Manly SP; Matthews KS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 7181-5 (1980) A model is presented for the structure of the lactose repressor protein and for its interaction with inducer, operator DNA, and nonspecific DNA. The proposed structure is based on experimental evidenc81175114 Repression of ant synthesis early in the lytic cycle of phage P22. Harvey AM; Hava P; Oppenheim AB; Prell HH; Soska J Mol Gen Genet 181: 74-81 (1981) Using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to study the early expression of P22 genes we show that early expression of the ant-gene (imm I region) is turned off after 6-8 min, independent of the 'la81172247 Free sigma subunit of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase binds to DNA. Kudo T; Jaffe D; Doi RH Mol Gen Genet 181: 63-8 (1981) The affinity of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase sigma and delta subunits to DNA was examined by a non-denaturing polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis method which made it possible to resolve DNA-b81172245 Regulation of plasmid DNA synthesis: isolation and characterization of copy number mutants of miniR6-5 and miniF plasmids. Ely S; Staudenbauer WL Mol Gen Genet 181: 29-35 (1981) Copy number (Cop) mutants of miniR6-5 and miniF plasmid derivatives containing a beta-lactamase gene were isolated by selection for increased ampicillin-resistance. Mutants which exhibited an increase81172242 The dnaA gene product is not required during stable chromosome replication in Escherichia coli. Ciesla Z; Jonczyk P Mol Gen Genet 180: 617-20 (1980) Exposure of Escherichia coli dnaA strains to UV light results in a transient resumption of chromosome replication at 42 degrees C, the temperature restrictive to these mutants. Capability of dnaA muta81122165 Regulation of protein synthesis during spore germination in Dictyostelium discoideum. Dowbenko DJ; Ennis HL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 1791-5 (1980) Spore germination in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is a particularly suitable paradigm for studying the regulation of gene expression because developmentally regulated changes in both protei80190132 Amber mutations in the structural gene for RNA polymerase sigma factor of Escherichia coli. Osawa T; Yura T Mol Gen Genet 180: 293-300 (1980) Amber mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 affected in the structural gene (rpoD) for the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase have been obtained from a strain harboring a temperature-sensitive amber suppresso81122129 Catabolite repression in Escherichia coli mutants lacking cyclic AMP receptor protein. Guidi-Rontani C; Danchin A; Ullmann A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 5799-801 (1980) Pleiotropic carbohydrate-positive pseudorevertants have been isolated from a specific class of rho-crp double mutants of Escherichia coli carrying both defective transcription termination protein, rho81077262 RNA transcription and splicing at early and intermediate times after adenovirus-2 infection. Chow LT; Lewis JB; Broker TR Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 44 Pt 1,: 401-14 (1980) 81042933 Transcription of colicin E1 plasmid: electron-microscopic mapping of promoters. Naumova GN; Golovanov EI; Cherny DI; Alexandrov AA Mol Gen Genet 181: 352-5 (1981) The promoters of ColE1 plasmid DNA have been localized. Their position has been determined relative to the functional map of the plasmid. The direction of transcription from each promoter has been est81220376 Formation of an RNA primer for initiation of replication of ColE1 DNA by ribonuclease H. Itoh T; Tomizawa J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77: 2450-4 (1980) A plasmid that consists of an 812-base-pair segment containing the replication origin of plasmid ColE1 and of a 1240-base-pair segment containing a beta-lactamase gene has been constructed. The plasmi80234639 Specific 5' flanking sequences are required for faithful initiation of in vitro transcription of the ovalbumin gene. Tsai SY; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78: 879-83 (1981) 81199426 Evidence for an internal promoter preceding tufA in the str operon of Escherichia coli. An G; Lee JS; Friesen JD J Bacteriol 149: 548-53 (1982) We constructed plasmids carrying tufA from which the major promoter for the rpsL-rpsG-fus-tufA operon (also called the str operon) had been removed. These plasmids continued to express tufA, as judged82119961 Organization of genes in the four minute region of the Escherichia coli chromosome: evidence that rpsB and tsf are co-transcribed. Bendiak DS; Friesen JD Mol Gen Genet 181: 356-62 (1981) Restriction endonuclease-generated DNA fragments of lambda polC-9 (Friesen et al. 1976) have been cloned on plasmid vehicles. Expression of genes carried by these plasmids was determined either by gen81220377 Essential role of the gyrB gene product in the transcriptional event coupled to dnaA-dependent initiation of Escherichia coli chromosome replication. Filutowicz M; Jonczyk P Mol Gen Genet 183: 134-8 (1981) When a culture of the gyrB41-ts mutant is shifted to the nonpermissive temperature, DNA synthesis is arrested at the initiation phase of chromosome replication. After thermal inactivation of the gyrB 82124560 Effects of reduced amount of RNA polymerase sigma factor on gene expression and growth of Escherichia coli: studies of the rpoD450 (amber) mutation. Osawa T; Yura T Mol Gen Genet 184: 166-73 (1981) A mutant of Escherichia coli K-12 carrying an amber mutation (rpoD40) in the structural gene for RNA polymerase sigma factor and a temperature-sensitive amber suppressor (supF-Ts6) grows virtually nor82124614 Isolation and characterization of an Escherichia coli mutant affected in the regulation of adenylate cyclase. Guidi-Rontani C; Danchin A; Ullmann A J Bacteriol 148: 753-61 (1981) A mutant, cyaR1, affecting regulation of adenylate cyclase expression or activity is described. It was obtained as a thermoresistant revertant of a strain harboring a thermosensitive transcription ter82075638 Localisation of the transcription initiation site of the chloramphenicol resistance gene on plasmid pAC184. Le Grice SF; Matzura H FEBS Lett 113: 42-6 (1980) 80201880 Kinetics of c2-repressor synthesis in a regulatory defective P22 mutant. Prell HH; Harvey AM Mol Gen Genet 184: 147-50 (1981) Phage P22 defective in gene 24 and harbouring the Oc mutation k5 in OR exhibits a strongly increased c2-repressor synthesis after infection of non-lysogenic S. typhimurium. The repressor synthesis dep82147758 A fine structure map of spontaneous and induced mutations in the lambda repressor gene, including insertions of IS elements. Lieb M Mol Gen Genet 184: 364-71 (1981) Mutations at over 70 sites in the cI gene have been mapped by 4-factor crosses and assigned precise or approximate positions in the DNA sequence. 16 of 25 spontaneous mutations were insertions of IS1,82147780 DNA sequence alteration resulting from a mutation impairing promoter function in the lac repressor gene. Calos MP; Miller JH Mol Gen Genet 178: 225-7 (1980) 80209248 Identification of the repressor and repressor bypass (antirepressor) polypeptides of bacteriophage P1 synthesized in infected minicells. Heilmann H; Reeve JN; Puhler A Mol Gen Genet 178: 149-54 (1980) P1 infected minicells synthesize approximately 50 phage-encoded polypeptides. Phage expression is temporally controlled, demonstrating phage polypeptides synthesized both early and late after infectio80209239 Regulation of rRNA metabolism in Tetrahymena pyriformis. I. Nutritional shift-down. Eckert WA; Kaffenberger W Eur J Cell Biol 21: 53-62 (1980) Changes of rates of rRNA transcription and accumulation as well as of stability of rRNA precursor fractions and mature cytoplasmic rRNAs were determined in Tetrahymena after shift-down to a non-nutrie80201471 In vitro expression of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L 10 gene: tripeptide synthesis as a measure of functional mRNA. Cenatiempo Y; Robakis N; Reid BR; Weissbach H; Brot N Arch Biochem Biophys 218: 572-8 (1982) 83125584 Translation mechanism in prokaryotes: structure and expression of Escherichia coli initiation factor IF3 gene. Grunberg-Manago M; Springer M; Plumbridge JA; Blanquet S; Fayat G; Sacerdot C Biochem Soc Symp 47: 95-112 (1982) 86323241 A mutant rho ATPase from Escherichia coli that is temperature-sensitive in the presence of RNA. Kent RB; Guterman SK Mol Gen Genet 181: 367-72 (1981) The Escherichia coli mutant rho-115 suppresses lac operon polarity conferred by the lacZ::IS1 insertion MS319. The ATPase activity of purified rho-115 protein was maximal at 40 degrees C, in contrast 81220379 Escherichia coli single-strand DNA binding protein from wild type and lexC113 mutant affects in vitro proteolytic cleavage of phage lambda repressor. Resnick J; Sussman R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 2832-5 (1982) In Escherichia coli, the single-strand DNA-binding protein (SSB) is required for DNA replication. A mutation of the ssb gene, lexC113, imparts to the cells UV sensitivity and inability to induce lambd82222231 Genetic assignment of resonances in the NMR spectrum of a protein: lac repressor. Jarema MA; Lu P; Miller JH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78: 2707-11 (1981) By using a systematic genetic approach, the resonances in the 19F NMR spectrum of 3-fluorotyrosine-substituted lac repressor protein have been assigned. The NMR data indicate that each monomer of the 81247355 Structural similarity in the DNA-binding domains of catabolite gene activator and cro repressor proteins. Steitz TA; Ohlendorf DH; McKay DB; Anderson WF; Matthews BW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 3097-100 (1982) It is shown that there is a structural similarity between the presumed DNA-binding regions of the Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein ("CAP") and the cro repressor protein ("cro") from 82247802 Vitellogenin in Drosophila melanogaster: sequence of the yolk protein I gene and its flanking regions. Hovemann B; Galler R; Walldorf U; Kupper H; Bautz EK Nucleic Acids Res 9: 4721-34 (1981) We have isolated recombinant DNA clones coding for female specific proteins from Drosophila melanogaster. By screening with 32P-(A)+RNA from male and female flies, respectively, we were able to isolat82059495 The ovalbumin gene family. The 5' end region of the X and Y genes. Heilig R; Muraskowsky R; Mandel JL J Mol Biol 156: 1-19 (1982) 82242066 Stimulation of Xenopus oocyte protein synthesis by microinjected adenovirus RNA. Richter JD; Jones NC; Smith LD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 3789-93 (1982) The ability of injected heterologous mRNAs to compete with endogenous mRNAs in Xenopus oocytes was assayed. In confirmation of previous reports, globin mRNA translation in oocytes results in a concomi82247936 Cleavage of lambda repressor and synthesis of RecA protein induced by transferred UV-damaged F sex factor. Moreau PL; Pelico JV; Devoret R Mol Gen Genet 186: 170-9 (1982) Transfer of a UV-damaged F sex factor to a recipient lambda lysogen induces prophage lambda development. Under these conditions RecA protein synthesis was induced and lambda repressor cleaved, as obse82271455 The lysis-lysogeny decision of phage lambda: explicit programming and responsiveness. Herskowitz I; Hagen D Annu Rev Genet 14: 399-445 (1980) 81158747 Portions of the gene encoding elongation factor Tu are highly conserved in prokaryotes. Filer D; Furano AV J Biol Chem 255: 728-34 (1980) 80094475 The SOS regulatory system of Escherichia coli. Little JW; Mount DW Cell 29: 11-22 (1982) 82259356 A genetic switch in a bacterial virus. Ptashne M; Johnson AD; Pabo CO Sci Am 247: 128-30, 132, 134-40 (1982) 83067369 A calorimetric investigation of the interaction of the lac repressor with inducer. Donner J; Caruthers MH; Gill SJ J Biol Chem 257: 14826-9 (1982) A calorimetric study has been made of the interaction between the lac repressor and isopropyl-1-thio-beta-D-galactopyranoside (IPTG). The buffer-corrected enthalpy of reaction at 25 degrees C was foun83082784 Control of ColE1 DNA replication: the rop gene product negatively affects transcription from the replication primer promoter. Cesareni G; Muesing MA; Polisky B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 6313-7 (1982) A 600-base-pair region essential for ColE1 and pMBl plasmid replication contains two promoters responsible for the synthesis of two RNA molecules central to copy number control. One promoter directs s83065167 Inducer and anti-inducer interactions with the lac repressor seen by nuclear magnetic resonance changes at tyrosines and tryptophans. Boschelli F; Jarema MA; Lu P J Biol Chem 256: 11595-9 (1981) The effects of binding inducer and anti-inducer of the Escherichia coli lac operon to the lac repressor were examined by taking advantage of fluorine-19 NMR. The fluorine nucleus was biosynthetically 82052988 Transfer RNA cross-linked to the elongation factor Tu subunit of Q beta replicase does not inhibit Q beta RNA replication. Guerrier-Takada C; Johnson AE; Miller DL; Cole PE J Biol Chem 256: 5840-4 (1981) One of the four subunits of bacteriophage Q beta RNA replicase is elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), the host aminoacyl-tRNA (AA-tRNA) binding protein. To determine whether the RNA polymerase activity requ81215505 Ribosomal protein S20 purified under mild conditions almost completely inhibits its own translation. Wirth R; Littlechild J; Bock A Mol Gen Genet 188: 164-6 (1982) The efficiency of ribosomal protein S20 to act as repressor of its own synthesis in an in vitro system was found to depend greatly on the procedures employed to purify this protein. Whilst conventiona83088184 Two helix DNA binding motif of CAP found in lac repressor and gal repressor. Weber IT; McKay DB; Steitz TA Nucleic Acids Res 10: 5085-102 (1982) Comparison of both the DNA and protein sequences of catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) with the sequences of lac and gal repressors shows significant homologies between a sequence that forms a tw83038657 The molecular basis of DNA-protein recognition inferred from the structure of cro repressor. Ohlendorf DH; Anderson WF; Fisher RG; Takeda Y; Matthews BW Nature 298: 718-23 (1982) Recognition by cro repressor protein of its specific DNA binding sites appears to occur via multidentate hydrogen bonds between amino acid side chains of the protein and base-pair atoms in the major g82272315 Homology among DNA-binding proteins suggests use of a conserved super-secondary structure. Sauer RT; Yocum RR; Doolittle RF; Lewis M; Pabo CO Nature 298: 447-51 (1982) The amino acid sequences of the repressor and cro proteins of phages lambda, 434 and P22 are homologous, especially in a region in which repressor and lambda cro have a similar alpha-helix-turn-alpha-82220161 Regulation of the genes for proline utilization in Salmonella typhimurium: autogenous repression by the putA gene product. Menzel R; Roth J J Mol Biol 148: 21-44 (1981) 82078029 Transcription factors from oviduct and HeLa cells are similar. Tsai SY; Tsai MJ; Kops LE; Minghetti PP; O'Malley BW J Biol Chem 256: 13055-9 (1981) Total HeLa cell extract was separated into multiple components using first DEAE-Sephadex and then phosphocellulose column chromatography. Four major fractions, DE175, DE500, P100, and P1000, from HeLa82075839 Structure of the cro repressor from bacteriophage lambda and its interaction with DNA. Anderson WF; Ohlendorf DH; Takeda Y; Matthews BW Nature 290: 754-8 (1981) The three-dimensional structure of the 66-amino acid cro repressor protein of bacteriophage lambda suggests how it binds to its operator DNA. We propose that a dimer of cro protein is bound to the B-f81173109 Location of the tufB promoter of E. coli: cotranscription of tufB with four transfer RNA genes. Lee JS; An G; Friesen JD; Fill NP Cell 25: 251-8 (1981) Previous nucleotide sequence studies have demonstrated that the structural genes for four transfer RNA species (thrU, tyrU, glyT and thrT) are positioned close to one another and near tufB, one of the82002217 Characteristics of tight binding repressors of the lac operon. Pfahl M J Mol Biol 147: 1-10 (1981) 81267378 [Bacteriophage MS2 mutants with disrupted phage replicase repressor activity] Dishler AV; Pumpen PP; Gren EIa Genetika 16: 1719-28 (1980) A number of ts-mutants with altered characteristics of RNA synthesis in non-suppressor cells at elevated temperatures have been obtained after HNO2-treatment of phage MS2am623 (amber mutation in site 81115380 Functional assay of tRNA molecules transcribed from a purified gene. Corbo L; Ciliberto G; Traboni C; Santamaria R; Cimino F; Cortese R; Salvatore F Nucleic Acids Res 10: 7363-72 (1982) Purified tRNA genes are expressed when microinjected into the nucleus of X.laevis oocytes. In this paper we describe a method to assay the capacity to be aminoacylated of the tRNA transcribed in the f83116960 pH dependence of the high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the lac repressor headpiece. Ribeiro AA; Wemmer D; Bray RP; Jardetzky O Biochemistry 20: 3346-50 (1981) The pH dependence of the N-terminal 51 amino acid headpiece (HP) of the lac repressor has been followed by using 1H NMR spectroscopy to monitor the chemical shifts of resolved aromatic and methyl reso81256408 Inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus transcriptase in vitro by phosphonoformate and ara-ATP. Chanda PK; Banerjee AK Virology 107: 562-6 (1980) 81104452 Modulation of transcription from chromatin assembled in vitro. Holland LJ; McCarthy BJ Biochemistry 19: 2965-76 (1980) A small plasmid DNA was assembled into chromatin in vitro by incubation in an extract prepared frog eggs of Xenopus laevis. The plasmid DNA contrained the regulatory region of the Escherichia coli lac80242554 [Disturbance of the tandem promotor functioning of the Escherichia coli K-12 deo-operon in the genome of the rho15(ts) mutant for the transcription termination factor] Sukhodolets VV; Mironov AS; Lin'kova EV Genetika 17: 1719-29 (1981) The effect of the rho15(ts) mutation on the expression of Escherichia coli deo operon's genes is studied. In relation to the regulatory deoR and cytR genes, the rho15 mutation causes in wild type geno82073795 Novobiocin blocks the shutoff of SPO1 early transcription. Sarachu AN; Alonso JC; Grau O Virology 105: 13-8 (1980) 81016731 Interaction between the lac operator and the lac repressor headpiece: fluorescence and circular dichroism studies. Culard F; Schnarr M; Maurizot JC EMBO J 1: 1405-9 (1982) The interaction between the lac repressor headpiece and a small operator DNA fragment has been examined by fluorescence and circular dichroism (c.d.) measurements. Binding of the headpiece to the DNA 84207892 Transcription from efficient promoters can interfere with plasmid replication and diminish expression of plasmid specified genes. Stueber D; Bujard H EMBO J 1: 1399-404 (1982) The copy number of plasmids containing the ColE1 replicon is affected by changes in the transcriptional activity within the plasmid if these changes lead to transcriptional readthrough into the replic84207891 Enhanced expression of cro-beta-galactosidase fusion proteins under the control of the PR promoter of bacteriophage lambda. Zabeau M; Stanley KK EMBO J 1: 1217-24 (1982) Hybrid plasmids carrying cro-lacZ gene fusions have been constructed by joining DNA segments carrying the PR promoter and the start of the cro gene of bacteriophage lambda to the lacZ gene fragment ca84207866 Relative map location of the rep and rho genes of Escherichia coli. Tessman I; Fassler JS; Bennett DC J Bacteriol 151: 1637-40 (1982) The rep gene of Escherichia coli was mapped between ilvC and rho by three-factor P1 transductional crosses and also by complementation with a set of lambda transducing phages that contain known amount82265536 NMR study of the interaction between the lac repressor and the lac operator. Buck F; Hahn KD; Zemann W; Ruterjans H; Sadler JR; Beyreuther K; Kaptein R; Scheek R; Hull WE Eur J Biochem 132: 321-7 (1983) Binding of the lac repressor headpiece, the N-terminal region of the lac repressor, to the lac operator of Escherichia coli was studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Two DNA fragments, of 51 base pairs and 83182463 Localization and regulation of the structural gene for transcription-termination factor rho of Escherichia coli. Brown S; Albrechtsen B; Pedersen S; Klemm P J Mol Biol 162: 283-98 (1982) 83138788 Structure of the complex between lac repressor headpiece and operator DNA from measurements of the orientation relaxation and the electric dichroism. Porschke D; Geisler N; Hillen W Nucleic Acids Res 10: 3791-802 (1982) The complex between lac repressor headpiece and short rodlike DNA fragments containing the lac operator sequence is characterised by measurements of the rotation diffusion. Using the method of electri82274218 Regulation of the pR operon of bacteriophage lambda. Dambly-Chaudiere C; Gottesman M; Debouck C; Adhya S J Mol Appl Genet 2: 45-56 (1983) The E. coli lambda lysogen, OR1263, carries the fusion pR-cro-tR1-IS2-gal. The gal promoter is deleted and gal expression from pR, in the absence of the lambda antitermination factor N, is blocked by 83187990 Studies of the structure of bacteriophage lambda cro protein in solution. Globular structure of cro protein. Kurochkin AV; Kirpichnikov MP FEBS Lett 150: 411-5 (1982) 83132293 Ecdysterone induced protein synthesis in salivary glands and in fat body of Drosophila melanogaster larvae. Poeting A; Koerwer W; Pongs O Chromosoma 87: 89-102 (1982) Salivary glands of 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were labeled with 3H-leucine in the presence and absence of ecdysterone. Twenty-six ecdysterone inducible proteins were detected. Their 83130891 Analysis of tet operator-TET repressor complexes by thermal denaturation studies. Hillen W; Unger B; Klock G Nucleic Acids Res 10: 6085-97 (1982) Interaction of the Tn10 encoded TET repressor with the tet operator is studied by thermal denaturation of the specific complexes employing operator containing purified DNA restriction fragments varyin83064540 Studies of the structure of bacteriophage lambda cro protein in solution. Analysis of the circular dichroism data. Bolotina IA; Kurochkin AV; Kirpichnikov MP FEBS Lett 155: 291-4 (1983) The secondary and tertiary structures of bacteriophage cro protein were studied by circular dichroism. The pH dependence of this structure was investigated: cro protein is stable over pH 4.5-10.5. At 83210173 Ner, a cro-like function of bacteriophage Mu. Van Leerdam E; Karreman C; van de Putte P Virology 123: 19-28 (1982) 83069299 Contact points between a positive transcription factor and the Xenopus 5S RNA gene. Sakonju S; Brown DD Cell 31: 395-405 (1982) We have investigated the contact points of a positive transcription factor with the internal control region of the 5S ribosomal RNA genes of Xenopus. The methylation of any one of eight G residues clu83129354 Secondary structure of the lac repressor headpiece. Possibilities and limitations of a joint infrared and circular dichroism study. 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Newport J; Kirschner M Cell 30: 675-86 (1982) The Xenopus embryo undergoes 12 rapid synchronous cleavages followed by a period of slower asynchronous divisions more typical of somatic cells. This change in cell cleavage has been termed the midbla83050953 The activity of Balbiani rings 1 and 2 in salivary glands of Chironomus tentans larvae under different modes of development and after pilocarpine treatment. Meyer B; Mahr R; Eppenberger HM; Lezzi M Dev Biol 98: 265-77 (1983) The activity of the Balbiani rings 1 and 2 (BR1 and BR2) in the salivary gland was followed during development of fourth instar larvae of Chironomus tentans under different modes of development, with 83262727 Genetics of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins in Escherichia coli: organization of the tar region. Slocum MK; Parkinson JS J Bacteriol 155: 565-77 (1983) The tar locus of Escherichia coli specifies one of the major species of methyl-accepting proteins involved in the chemotactic behavior of this organism. The physical and genetic organization of the ta83265574 cI and lexA repressors consist of three cro-like domains. Ptitsyn OB; Finkelstein AV; Kirpichnikov MP; Skryabin KG FEBS Lett 147: 11-5 (1982) 83053995 Binding of lac repressor induces different conformational changes on operator and non-operator DNAs. Culard F; Maurizot JC FEBS Lett 146: 153-6 (1982) 83053938 Transcription of cloned Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, and the identification of an RNA polymerase I promoter. Moss T Cell 30: 835-42 (1982) Transcription of a cloned Xenopus laevis ribosomal DNA (rDNA) fragment, microinjected into Xenopus oocytes, is initiated at the in vivo 40S pre-ribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) site (+/- 2 bp) by RNA polymera83050969 Lilly Lecture 1979: role of insulin in the regulation of protein synthesis. Jefferson LS Diabetes 29: 487-96 (1980) 80202265 [Structure of regulatory proteins and their interaction with DNA (author's transl)] Kyogoku Y; Akutsu H Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 27: 883-96 (1982) 82276198 A folded structure for the lac-repressor headpiece. Ribeiro AA; Wemmer D; Bray RP; Jardetzky O Biochem Biophys Res Commun 99: 668-74 (1981) 81207323 Crystallization of resolvase, a repressor that also catalyzes site-specific DNA recombination. Weber PC; Ollis DL; Bebrin WR; Abdel-Meguid SS; Steitz TA J Mol Biol 157: 689-90 (1982) 83010289 Escherichia coli lac repressor is elongated with its operator DNA binding domains located at both ends. McKay DB; Pickover CA; Steitz TA J Mol Biol 156: 175-83 (1982) 82242070 Purine-amino acid hydrogen bonding interactions and suggestions for modeling the lac operator-repressor system. Garduno R; Haydock K; MacElroy RD; Rein R Ann N Y Acad Sci 367: 281-94 (1981) 81254217 Nonspecific interaction of the lac repressor headpiece with deoxyribonucleic acid: fluorescence and circular dichroism studies. Schnarr M; Durand M; Maurizot JC Biochemistry 22: 3563-70 (1983) The nonspecific interaction of the short headpiece, the NH2-terminal domain of the lac repressor, with natural DNA and alternating polydeoxynucleotides has been studied by means of fluorescence and ci84000355 Copia-like transposable elements in the Drosophila genome. Rubin GM; Brorein WJ Jr; Dunsmuir P; Flavell AJ; Levis R; Strobel E; Toole JJ; Young E Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 45 Pt 2: 619-28 (1981) 81259587 Interactions of the 26-39 fragment of the cro protein from lambda bacteriophage with nucleic acids. Mayer R; Lancelot G; Helene C FEBS Lett 153: 339-44 (1983) A tetradecapeptide with a sequence identical to residues 26-39 of the cro protein from bacteriophage lambda has been synthesized. This peptide has no secondary structure in an aqueous buffer but adopt84005104 ColE1 copy number mutants. Schmidt L; Inselburg J J Bacteriol 151: 845-54 (1982) A deletion mutant of the colicin E1-derived plasmid, pDMS6642, exhibited an approximately fourfold increase in copy number. We subsequently isolated hydroxylamine-induced mutants of that plasmid that 82239169 The time required for cro gene product to establish dominance in coliphage lambda lysogens. Mark KK J Gen Virol 58: 457-60 (1982) To measure the length of heating required to convert a lambda lysogen in the immune (im+) phase into the anti-immune (im-) phase, rex gene activity was used as an indicator. It was observed that 5 min82144423 A nuclear mutation decreasing rho- production modifies the unstable nitrous-acid sensitivity of yeast. 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Stoner CM; Schleif R J Mol Biol 154: 649-52 (1982) 82216830 Determination of the ligand-binding characteristics of several tight-binding mutants of the lactose repressor protein. O'Gorman RB; Ferguson L; Betz JL; Sadler JR; Matthews KS Biochim Biophys Acta 653: 236-47 (1981) Several tight-binding mutants of the lactose repressor protein have been characterized with respect to their fluorescence properties and their inducer, operator and nonspecific DNA-binding constants. 81184577 Temporal patterns of human cytomegalovirus transcription: mapping the viral RNAs synthesized at immediate early, early, and late times after infection. Wathen MW; Stinski MF J Virol 41: 462-77 (1982) 82192575 The role of transcription-dependent priming in nerve growth factor promoted neurite outgrowth. Greene LA; Burstein DE; Black MM Dev Biol 91: 305-16 (1982) 82236622 Bacteriophage lambda containing two temperature-sensitive mutations in the cI gene produces clear plaque at 30 degrees. 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Hillen W; Unger B Nature 297: 700-2 (1982) 82220047 Purification of the TET repressor and TET operator from the transposon Tn10 and characterization of their interaction. Hillen W; Klock G; Kaffenberger I; Wray LV; Reznikoff WS J Biol Chem 257: 6605-13 (1982) 82190047 Genomic and non-genomic actions of nerve growth factor in development. Greene LA; Bernd P; Black MM; Burstein DE; Connolly JL; Rukenstein A; Seeley PJ Prog Brain Res 58: 347-57 (1983) 84043567 Stability of the lac repressor headpiece against thermal denaturation and tryptic hydrolysis. Schnarr M; Maurizot JC Biochim Biophys Acta 702: 155-62 (1982) The stability of the conformation of the lac repressor headpiece against thermal denaturation and tryptic hydrolysis has been studied by circular dichroism measurements. In both cases the stability de82206745 The uncoating of paramyxoviruses may not require a low pH mediated step. Nagai Y; Hamaguchi M; Toyoda T; Yoshida T Virology 130: 263-8 (1983) The effect of lysosomotropic agents, chloroquine and NH4Cl, on the replication of paramyxoviruses was compared with that on the other enveloped RNA viruses whose uncoating is known to be blocked by th84046709 Expression of c-onc genes: c-fos transcripts accumulate to high levels during development of mouse placenta, yolk sac and amnion. Muller R; Verma IM; Adamson ED EMBO J 2: 679-84 (1983) The c-onc genes c-fos and c-fms are expressed at high levels specifically in mouse extra-embryonal tissues. Here, we report the results of a detailed analysis of expression of these genes within the d84057745 Induction of a novel set of polypeptides by heat shock or sodium arsenite in cultured cells of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii. Kothary RK; Candido EP Can J Biochem 60: 347-55 (1982) The heat-shock response has been characterized in cultured fibroblasts of the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdnerii. The response has been elicited by two different stress situations; cells were either subj82207994 Preferred sites of frameshift mutagenesis in AT- and GC-rich microbial DNA. Clarke CH J Theor Biol 94: 519-34 (1982) 82193878 Albumin messenger RNA after partial hepatectomy and sham operation. Krieg L; Alonso A; Winter H; Volm M Biochim Biophys Acta 610: 311-7 (1980) Albumin mRNA was quantified in nuclear RNA and in polysomal and post-polysomal poly(A)-containing RNA from untreated, hepatectomized and laparotomized rat livers. A prominent reduction of albumin-spec81160727 Visna DNA synthesis and the tempo of infection in vitro. Haase AT; Stowring L; Harris JD; Traynor B; Ventura P; Peluso R; Brahic M Virology 119: 399-410 (1982) 82201034 The influence of DNA base ratios on intragenic mutational spectra in prokaryotes. Clarke CH J Theor Biol 94: 671-87 (1982) 82193885 Cloning vectors derived from bacterial plasmids. Bittner M; Vapnek D Basic Life Sci 19: 29-49 (1982) A wide variety of plasmid cloning vectors, most of which utilize the basic Co1E1I replicon have been constructed. Utilizing these vectors, in conjunction with the newly developed techniques of gene is82160014 Characterization of the immediate-early functions of pseudorabies virus. Ihara S; Feldman L; Watanabe S; Ben-Porat T Virology 131: 437-54 (1983) The immediate-early transcripts of pseudorabies virus have been located in a region of the genome situated internally within the inverted repeat between map positions 0.99 and 0.95. A single immediate84099538 [Effect of Escherichia coli mutation affecting the RNA polymerase sigma factor on phage T4 development] Zograf IuN Mol Biol (Mosk) 16: 94-7 (1982) The bacterial RNA polymerase sigma factor is necessary throughout T4 development. T4 can develop in the E. coli RpoD800 mutant cells only at permissive temperature. RNA synthesis in T4-infected mutant82172882 Nonspecific binding of lac repressor to DNA. II. A small-angle neutron-scattering study. Charlier M; Maurizot JC; Zaccai G Biophys Chem 18: 313-22 (1983) Complexes between lac repressor and DNA fragments from mononucleosomes have been studied by small-angle neutron scattering. Both the radius of gyration and the molecular weight of the complexes were m84105064 Hyperproduction of araC protein from Escherichia coli. Schleif RF; Favreau MA Biochemistry 21: 778-82 (1982) Hypersynthesis of araC protein from Escherichia coli has been accomplished. The araC gene was cloned on plasmid pBR322, and some of the noncoding DNA preceding the araC gene was removed by exonuclease82182867 Activation of rho protein ATPase requires simultaneous interaction at two kinds of nucleic acid-binding sites. Richardson JP J Biol Chem 257: 5760-6 (1982) 82167432 Autoregulation of repressor synthesis in bacteriophage lambda imm434. Pastrana R Biosci Rep 2: 123-34 (1982) A 550-bp DNA fragment derived from the immunity region of phage lambda imm434 and carrying the wild-type prm promoter has been inserted upstream of the lacZ gene, in the beta 2 region of an 'in-vitro'82161251 The 5'-terminal ribonucleotide of an in vitro ColE1 transcript is not complementary to the DNA template. Parker RC Gene 26: 127-36 (1983) A set of overlapping promoters in ColE1 DNA is identified using DNA and RNA sequencing methods. These promoters initiate a divergent pattern of in vitro transcription from a region near the colicin E184159495 Characteristics of amino acid transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells: Part I--By using respiratory sufficient (rho+) & respiratory deficient (rho) mutants. Verma RS; Prasad R Indian J Biochem Biophys 20: 104-9 (1983) 84160297 Administration of 3-methylcholanthrene to rats increases the specific hybridizable mRNA coding for cytochrome P-450c. Bresnick E; Brosseau M; Levin W; Reik L; Ryan DE; Thomas PE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78: 4083-7 (1981) Poly(A)+-RNA obtained from the livers of 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC)-treated rats was translated into cytochrome P-450c in a cell-free reticulocyte system. In this translational system, no precursor cy82037787 Transcripts of the six Drosophila actin genes accumulate in a stage- and tissue-specific manner. Fyrberg EA; Mahaffey JW; Bond BJ; Davidson N Cell 33: 115-23 (1983) We have surveyed expression of the six Drosophila actin genes during ontogeny. Unique portions of cloned actin genes were used to monitor levels of respective mRNAs in developmentally staged whole org84282659 The role of EF-Tu in the expression of tufA and tufB genes. van der Meide PH; Vijgenboom E; Talens A; Bosch L Eur J Biochem 130: 397-407 (1983) We have studied the regulation of the expression of tufA and tufB, the two genes encoding EF-Tu in Escherichia coli. To this aim we have determined the intracellular concentrations of EF-TuA and EF-Tu83131680 Autoregulation of the tyrR gene. Camakaris H; Pittard J J Bacteriol 150: 70-5 (1982) Strains of Escherichia coli K-12 in which the transcription of lacZ is initiated from the tyrR promoter have been constructed by use of the Mu d (Apr lac) phage of Casadaban and Cohen (Proc. Natl. Aca82142216 [Cloning of the gene controlling catabolite repression with the participation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in Escherichia coli K-12] Lisenkov AF; Smirnov IuV; Sukhodolets VV Genetika 19: 714-9 (1983) The crp gene coding for cyclic adenosine monophosphate receptor protein has been cloned on the vehicle pBR325 using restriction endonuclease PstI and the recipient strain C600 crp. The pCAP2 hybrid pl83263124 Nucleotide sequence of a Euglena gracilis chloroplast genome region coding for the elongation factor Tu; evidence for a spliced mRNA. Montandon PE; Stutz E Nucleic Acids Res 11: 5877-92 (1983) We characterize a 1.95 kb transcription product of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA fragment Eco-N + Q by S1 nuclease analysis and DNA sequencing and show that it is the product of three splicing 83299257 Transcription termination factor rho from wild type and rho-111 strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Housley PR; Whitfield HJ J Biol Chem 257: 2569-77 (1982) Transcription termination factor rho was purified to near homogeneity from the wild type and temperature-sensitive rho-111 mutant strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Each protein had identical physical82142362 Nuclear exclusion of transcription factor IIIA and the 42s particle transfer RNA-binding protein in Xenopus oocytes: a possible mechanism for gene control? Mattaj IW; Lienhard S; Zeller R; DeRobertis EM J Cell Biol 97: 1261-5 (1983) The intracellular location of 7S and 42S RNP particles in Xenopus oocytes has been determined by immunohistochemistry. Using antibodies directed against the 48-mol-wt protein component of the 42S part84008294 Comparison of the structures of cro and lambda repressor proteins from bacteriophage lambda. Ohlendorf DH; Anderson WF; Lewis M; Pabo CO; Matthews BW J Mol Biol 169: 757-69 (1983) The three-dimensional structures of cro repressor protein and of the amino-terminal domain of lambda repressor protein, both from bacteriophage lambda, are compared. The second and third alpha-helices84036178 Identification of the E. coli groNB(nusB) gene product. Swindle J; Ajioka J; Georgopoulos C Mol Gen Genet 182: 409-13 (1981) The E. coli groNB(nusB) gene product has been previously shown to be necessary for bacteriophage lambda N protein function. The product of the groNB gene has been identified on SDS polyacrylamide gels82057484 Histones H3 and H2a are homologous to the lambda repressor and cro proteins in 22 residue segments implicated in DNA binding. Magnus KA; Lattman EE Biochem Int 7: 557-68 (1983) The histones H3 and H2a from calf thymus are homologous to the repressor and cro repressor proteins of bacteriophage lambda in a 22-residue segment that has been implicated by mutational and model-bui85022662 Genetical and structural analysis of a group of lambda ilv and lambda rho transducing phages. Uzan M; Favre R; Gallay E; Caro L Mol Gen Genet 182: 462-70 (1981) Eight lambda ilv C transducing phages generated from E. coli K12 secondary site lysogens have been analysed genetically and physically. Two of them carry, in addition, the rho gene and its promotor re82057490 Studies on the function of the non-primer tRNAs associated with the 70 S RNA of avian myeloblastosis virus. Waters LC; Burke JR; Stulberg MP Biochim Biophys Acta 696: 201-7 (1982) Significant amounts of three tRNAs are associated with the 70 S RNA of avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV). The temperatures at which they are half dissociated from the 70 S RNA in 50 mM NaCl and their r82135539 Diffusion-driven mechanisms of protein translocation on nucleic acids. 1. Models and theory. Berg OG; Winter RB; von Hippel PH Biochemistry 20: 6929-48 (1981) Genome regulatory proteins (e.g., repressors or polymerases) that function by binding to specific chromosomal target base pair sequences (e.g., operators or promoters) can appear to arrive at their ta82091811 Sequence-specific interactions of the tight-binding I12-X86 lac repressor with non-operator DNA. Schmitz A; Galas DJ Nucleic Acids Res 8: 487-506 (1980) The tight-binding I12-X86 lac repressor binds to non-operator DNA in a sequence-specific fashion. Using the DNA of the E. coli I gene we have investigated these sequence-specific interactions and comp81076645 The cell cycle. Baserga R N Engl J Med 304: 453-9 (1981) 81098856 Regulation of adenovirus gene expression. Persson H; Philipson L Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 97: 157-203 (1982) 82116263 Selective effect of the metallocarcinogen beryllium on hormonal regulation of gene expression in cultured cells. Perry ST; Kulkarni SB; Lee KL; Kenney FT Cancer Res 42: 473-6 (1982) Effects of the metallocarcinogen beryllium on regulation of gene expression were assessed by analysis of hormonal regulation of synthesis of tyrosine aminotransferase in beryllium-treated hepatoma cel82115010 [Control of the initiation step in eukaryotic cells] Petrissant G Reprod Nutr Dev 21: 163-75 (1981) This article presents some arguments in favor of post-transcriptional regulation of protein synthesis. The macromolecules inducing initiation have been described. The control mechanisms of initiation 83118852 Construction of overproducers of the bacteriophage 434 repressor and cro proteins. Lauer G; Pastrana R; Sherley J; Ptashne M J Mol Appl Genet 1: 139-47 (1981) 82267651 Identification of the nusB gene product of Escherichia coli. Strauch M; Friedman DI Mol Gen Genet 182: 498-501 (1981) Escherichia coli nusB mutants fail to support the activity of a phage lambda gene product, pN, which regulates phage gene expression by influencing transcription termination. We report the identificat82057495 Effects of the mutant sigma allele rpoD800 on the synthesis of specific macromolecular components of the Escherichia coli K12 cell. Gross CA; Grossman AD; Liebke H; Walter W; Burgess RR J Mol Biol 172: 283-300 (1984) Escherichia coli K12 strains containing the mutant sigma allele rpoD800 are temperature-sensitive for growth. We have compared gene expression in isogenic rpoD+ and rpoD800 cells during steady-state g84114897 Neutron-scattering studies of lac repressor: a low-resolution model. 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Resistance itself results from expression of three distinct mechanisms which normally act together (Shales et a82144397 Mechanism of activation of early viral transcription by the adenovirus E1A gene product. Nevins JR Cell 26: 213-20 (1981) Results obtained with certain adenovirus host range mutants (dl312 and hr1) have demonstrated that a functional viral E1A gene is required for the accumulation of early viral mRNA. In this report, it 82137055 The rDNA of Drosophila melanogaster. Glover DM Cell 26: 297-8 (1981) 82115306 Kinetic studies of inducer binding to lac repressor.operator complex. Dunaway M; Olson JS; Rosenberg JM; Kallai OB; Dickerson RE; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 255: 10115-9 (1980) The rates of binding of inducer molecules to the lactose repressor protein are significantly affected by the presence of bound operator DNA fragments. The association rate is decreased from 4.6 x 10(481046833 Loss of rDNA methylation accompanies the onset of ribosomal gene activity in early development of X. laevis. Bird A; Taggart M; Macleod D Cell 26: 381-90 (1981) The rRNA genes of Xenopus blood cells are heavily methylated, but there are two regions in the spacer that frequently contain unmethylated CpG. The undermethylated regions coincide with two regions co82115316 Post-transcriptional modification of globin RNA. Cheng T Tex Rep Biol Med 40: 87-100 (1980) During the last three years, significant progress has been made in the characterization of the structure of globin RNA precursors and the steps involved in their modifications to mature mRNA. Aside fr82108338 Diffusion-driven mechanisms of protein translocation on nucleic acids. 2. The Escherichia coli repressor--operator interaction: equilibrium measurements. 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Winter RB; Berg OG; von Hippel PH Biochemistry 20: 6961-77 (1981) The association and dissociation kinetics of the Escherichia coli lac repressor--operator (RO) complex have been examined as a function of monovalent ion concentration and operator-containing DNA frag82091813 [Properties of activated chromatin from rat liver shortly after partial hepatectomy] Sondore OIu; Batova IN; Fedoseeva GE; Kadykov VA; Zelenin AV Mol Biol (Mosk) 14: 843-56 (1980) The properties of rat liver chromatin 1, 2 and 6 hours after partial hepatectomy have been studied by means of cytochemical and biochemical methods. An increase in the accessibility of DNA to low mole81030491 DNA binding characteristics of lactose repressor and the trypsin-resistant core repressor. 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Four new proteins of Mrs 26,000, 28,000, 482060315 The relationship between cleavage, DNA replication, and gene expression in the mouse 2-cell embryo. Bolton VN; Oades PJ; Johnson MH J Embryol Exp Morphol 79: 139-63 (1984) The 2-cell stage of mouse embryogenesis is characterized by two phases of alpha-amanitin-sensitive polypeptide synthetic activity, which appear to mark the first major expression of the embryonic geno84187388 Regulation of plasmid replication. Scott JR Microbiol Rev 48: 1-23 (1984) 84190881 Transcription in vaccinia virus cores. The RNA produced during the first round of transcription does not differ from RNA transcribed in subsequent rounds. Huvos P Biochim Biophys Acta 782: 34-40 (1984) RNA was synthesized in vitro in vaccinia virus cores for times sufficiently short that only the first round of transcription took place. This RNA was compared to RNA synthesized for longer times (whic84203632 Chromatin assembly in Xenopus oocytes: in vivo studies. Ryoji M; Worcel A Cell 37: 21-32 (1984) We have followed the time course of chromatin assembly, DNA supercoiling, and transcription on a Xenopus 5S RNA gene clone injected into germinal vesicles of Xenopus oocytes. During the first 2 hr aft84205643 Lac repressor - lac operator interaction. Circular dichroism study. Culard F; Maurizot JC Nucleic Acids Res 9: 5175-84 (1981) The interaction between lac repressor and a small operator DNA fragment have been examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The binding of lac repressor on the operator induces a conformation chang82081838 Base pairing of RNA I with its complementary sequence in the primer precursor inhibits ColE1 replication. Lacatena RM; Cesareni G Nature 294: 623-6 (1981) 82080699 tif-1 mutation alters polynucleotide recognition by the recA protein of Escherichia coli. McEntee K; Weinstock GM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 78: 6061-5 (1981) The requirements for polynucleotide-dependent hydrolysis of ATP and for proteolytic cleavage of phage lambda repressor have been examined for both the wild-type (recA+ protein) and the tif-1 mutant fo82082397 Cooperative and salt-resistant binding of lexA protein to non-operator DNA. Schnarr M; Daune M FEBS Lett 171: 207-10 (1984) The interaction of the lexA repressor of E. coli with poly[d(A-T)] has been studied by circular dichroism. The binding induces an about 2-fold increase of the circular dichroism intensity at 263 nm, p84208868 Repression is relieved before attenuation in the trp operon of Escherichia coli as tryptophan starvation becomes increasingly severe. Yanofsky C; Kelley RL; Horn V J Bacteriol 158: 1018-24 (1984) Expression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli is regulated over about a 500- to 600-fold range by the combined action of repression and attenuation. Repression regulates transcription initia84212260 Dual function transcripts specifying tRNA and mRNA. Hudson L; Rossi J; Landy A Nature 294: 422-7 (1981) 82080657 Transcription of the E. coli tufB gene: cotranscription with four tRNA genes and inhibition by guanosine-5'-diphosphate-3'-diphosphate. Miyajima A; Shibuya M; Kuchino Y; Kaziro Y Mol Gen Genet 183: 13-9 (1981) The transcription of the tufB gene by purified RNA polymerase holoenzyme was studied using the transducing phage lambda rifd 18 DNA and the hybrid plasmid pTUB1 DNA (Miyajima et al. 1979) as templates82124558 RNA1 is sufficient to mediate plasmid ColE1 incompatibility in vivo. Fitzwater T; Tamm J; Polisky B J Mol Biol 175: 409-17 (1984) The multicopy plasmid ColE1 specifies a small RNA designated RNA1 that has been implicated in copy number control and incompatibility. We have inserted a 148 base-pair ColE1 DNA fragment containing a 84216342 Nucleotide sequence and host La protein interactions of rabies virus leader RNA. Kurilla MG; Cabradilla CD; Holloway BP; Keene JD J Virol 50: 773-8 (1984) Rabies virus leader RNA was detected in infected BHK-21 cell extracts by hybridization to end-labeled genomic RNA. Similar to the leader RNA of vesicular stomatitis virus, the leader RNA of rabies vir84216456 The agonistic and antagonistic actions of estriol. Clark JH; Markaverich BM J Steroid Biochem 20: 1005-13 (1984) Estriol is a short acting estrogen, and as such, displays both agonistic and antagonistic properties, when it is injected in saline solution. These are predictable attributes of any short acting agoni84217774 Use of light for footprinting DNA in vivo. Becker MM; Wang JC Nature 309: 682-7 (1984) A new ' photofootprinting ' technique, which uses light to detect protein-DNA contacts as well as changes in the structure of DNA at the base pair level, has been developed and used to detect contacts84219792 Trp repressor protein controls its own structural gene. Bogosian G; Bertrand K; Somerville R J Mol Biol 149: 821-5 (1981) 82078090 Targeted mutagenesis in vitro: lac repressor mutations generated using AMV reverse transcriptase and dBrUTP. Mott JE; Van Arsdell J; Platt T Nucleic Acids Res 12: 4139-52 (1984) We have cloned the gene for the lac operon repressor (lacI) of Escherichia coli into the M13 related phage f1. Mutagenesis of the lacI gene was performed in vitro by filling dsDNA molecules gapped ove84221350 1H NMR study of the interaction of bacteriophage lambda Cro protein with the OR3 operator. Evidence for a change of the conformation of the OR3 operator on binding. Kirpichnikov MP; Hahn KD; Buck F; Ruterjans H; Chernov BK; Kurochkin AV; Skryabin KG; Bayev AA Nucleic Acids Res 12: 3551-61 (1984) The specific complex between the lambda phage OR3 operator and the Cro protein has been studied by proton NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz. The DNA imino proton resonances of this complex have been assigne84221379 Interactions of plus and minus strand leader RNAs of the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus with the cellular La protein. Wilusz J; Keene JD Virology 135: 65-73 (1984) The New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV-NJ) was found to synthesize a minus strand leader RNA of 44-46 bases long and a plus strand leader RNA of 47-50 bases long in infected cells.84225837 [Binding of phage lambda cro repressor with an operator fragment] Kurochkin AV; Chernov BK; Skriabin KG; Kirpichnikov MP; Baev AA Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 275: 1213-6 (1984) 84235440 Early events in the stimulation of mammary tumor virus RNA synthesis by glucocorticoids. Novel assays of transcription rates. Ucker DS; Yamamoto KR J Biol Chem 259: 7416-20 (1984) Two procedures were devised to examine initial events in the glucocorticoid-regulated transcription of integrated murine mammary tumor virus (MTV) DNA sequences. First, cells in monolayer culture were84239666 DNA sequences and transcription factor interactions of active and inactive forms of mammalian 5 S RNA genes. Emerson BM; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 259: 7926-35 (1984) Mouse and human 5 S rRNA genes which are, respectively, active and inactive in a human cell-derived transcription system have been characterized. Both contain several base pair substitutions, relative84239741 On the role of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma factor in T4 phage development. Zograff YN Mol Gen Genet 183: 557-8 (1981) The rpoD800 mutation causing the temperature sensitivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma factor has been used to demonstrate that the bacterial sigma factor is necessary throughout T4 phage d82147745 Dihydrofolate reductase gene expression in cultured mouse cells is regulated by transcript stabilization in the nucleus. Leys EJ; Crouse GF; Kellems RE J Cell Biol 99: 180-7 (1984) Methotrexate-resistant cells, which contain a 500-fold amplification of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) genes, were used as a model system for studying the regulation of DHFR gene expression during gro84239979 Unfolding of lac repressor and its proteolytic fragment by urea: headpieces stabilize the core within lac repressor. Schnarr M; Maurizot JC Biochemistry 20: 6164-9 (1981) Circular dichroism measurements were used to compared the urea-induced unfolding transition of the lac repressor with those of its separated tryptic fragments, the tetrameric core, and the N-terminal 82068996 Quantitative model for gene regulation by lambda phage repressor. Ackers GK; Johnson AD; Shea MA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 1129-33 (1982) A statistical thermodynamic model has been developed to account for the cooperative interactions of the bacteriophage lambda repressor with the lambda right operator. The model incorporates a general 82174549 UV-lysogenic induction of lambda phage in lexA1 mutants of Escherichia coli: kinetics of the process. Carvalho RE; Leitao AC Photochem Photobiol 39: 619-23 (1984) 84248287 Further studies of the RNA synthesis phenotype selected during persistent infection with vesicular stomatitis virus. Frey TK; Youngner JS Virology 136: 211-20 (1984) Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) isolated from two independently established lines of persistently infected mouse L cells expressed an altered phenotype of RNA synthesis at 37 degrees, the temperature84251731 Nucleocytoplasmic release of repetitive DNA transcripts in carcinogenesis correlates with a 60 kilodalton cytoplasmic protein. French BT; Hanausek-Walaszek M; Walaszek Z; Schumm DE; Webb TE Cancer Lett 23: 45-52 (1984) Treatment of rats with the hepatocarcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylamino-azobenzene (3'-MeDAB) causes the appearance in the liver cytosol of a 60 kilodalton oncofetal protein. The appearance of this fact84258974 A molecular analysis of fushi tarazu, a gene in Drosophila melanogaster that encodes a product affecting embryonic segment number and cell fate. Weiner AJ; Scott MP; Kaufman TC Cell 37: 843-51 (1984) Mutations at the fushi tarazu locus in Drosophila melanogaster affect both segment number and the pattern of cuticular structures on alternating segments of embryos. The ftz gene has been cloned and c84259342 RNA polymerase I promoters and transcription factors [news] Sommerville J Nature 310: 189-90 (1984) 84270665 Predicted structure of the sugar-binding site of the lac repressor. Sams CF; Vyas NK; Quiocho FA; Matthews KS Nature 310: 429-30 (1984) The lactose repressor protein from Escherichia coli binds sugars, primarily galactosides, which modulate its interactions with operator DNA and thereby affect synthesis of the lac metabolic enzymes. T84270714 Photochemical cross-linking of lac repressor to nonoperator 5-bromouracil-substituted DNA. Barbier B; Charlier M; Maurizot JC Biochemistry 23: 2933-9 (1984) Ultraviolet irradiation of lac repressor bound to 5-bromouracil-substituted nonoperator DNA leads to the formation of cross-links between the protein and the nucleic acid. The cross-links are formed b84280862 Nucleotide sequence of the heat shock regulatory gene of E. coli suggests its protein product may be a transcription factor. Landick R; Vaughn V; Lau ET; VanBogelen RA; Erickson JW; Neidhardt FC Cell 38: 175-82 (1984) We have sequenced a cloned segment of E. coli chromosomal DNA that includes the heat shock regulatory gene htpR. This segment contains an 852 nucleotide open reading frame bounded by transcriptional a84282700 lac repressor-lac operator interaction: NMR observations. Nick H; Arndt K; Boschelli F; Jarema MA; Lillis M; Sadler J; Caruthers M; Lu P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 218-22 (1982) We show here the changes in the NMR spectra of the Escherichia coli lac repressor when bound to isolated lac operator DNA. The observations focus on the aromatic residues--four tyrosines and a single 82197466 Structure of the DNA-binding region of lac repressor inferred from its homology with cro repressor. Matthews BW; Ohlendorf DH; Anderson WF; Takeda Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 1428-32 (1982) It is shown that the amino acid sequence and the DNA gene sequence of the 25 amino-terminal residues of the lac repressor protein of Escherichia coli are homologous with the sequences of five DNA-bind82174612 Ultrastructural and autoradiographic studies of nucleolar development and rDNA transcription in preimplantation mouse embryos. Geuskens M; Alexandre H Cell Differ 14: 125-34 (1984) The development of the nucleoli and the sites of rDNA transcription have been studied by high-resolution autoradiography during the cleavage stages of mouse embryos. The appearance of fibrillar centre84282758 Spatial arrangement of the three alpha helices in the solution conformation of E. coli lac repressor DNA-binding domain. Zuiderweg ER; Billeter M; Boelens R; Scheek RM; Wuthrich K; Kaptein R FEBS Lett 174: 243-7 (1984) The relative orientations of the 3 helices in the DNA-binding domain ('headpiece') of lac repressor have been determined using distance constraints obtained from 2-dimensional 1H nuclear Overhauser en84285969 lac Repressor: a proton magnetic resonance look at the deoxyribonucleic acid binding fragment. Arndt KT; Boschelli F; Lu P; Miller JH Biochemistry 20: 6109-18 (1981) The DNA binding fragment from Escherichia coli lac repressor, the N-terminal 56 amino acid residue "headpiece", has been examined by high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy at 360 MHz. The aromatic region82068987 Sequence of galR gene indicates a common evolutionary origin of lac and gal repressor in Escherichia coli. von Wilcken-Bergmann B; Muller-Hill B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 2427-31 (1982) The nucleotide sequence of the galR gene of Escherichia coli, which codes for galactose repressor, has been determined. The subunits of gal repressor are predicted to consist of 343 residues, includin82222151 The bacteriophage T4 regA gene: primary sequence of a translational repressor. Trojanowska M; Miller ES; Karam J; Stormo G; Gold L Nucleic Acids Res 12: 5979-93 (1984) The regA gene product of bacteriophage T4 is an autogenously controlled translational regulatory protein that plays a role in differential inhibition (translational repression) of a subpopulation of T84297207 [Comparative analysis of oncogene expression in normal and tumorous human tissues] Nelkov AM Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 276: 1257-9 (1984) 85003117 Quantitation of muscle-specific mRNAs by using cDNA probes during chicken embryonic muscle development in ovo. Saidapet CR; Munro HN; Valgeirsdottir K; Sarkar S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 3087-91 (1982) The emergence of abundant-class mRNAs specific for contractile muscle proteins and their distribution between polysomal and free mRNP fractions were studied in skeletal muscle excised from chicken emb82247800 Interactions between cro repressor and the model specific binding site. Kirpichnikov MP; Kurochkin AV; Chernov BK; Skryabin KG FEBS Lett 175: 317-20 (1984) Binding of lambda phage cro repressor to the synthetic half of OR3, the most conservative half of the specific binding sites, was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was85004126 IncFII plasmid incompatibility product and its target are both RNA transcripts. Womble DD; Dong X; Wu RP; Luckow VA; Martinez AF; Rownd RH J Bacteriol 160: 28-35 (1984) The region of DNA coding for incompatibility (inc) and copy number control (cop) of the IncFII plasmid NR1 is transcribed in both the rightward and leftward directions. The rightward transcripts serve85006798 Coordinate increase in major transcripts from the high pI alpha-amylase multigene family in barley aleurone cells stimulated with gibberellic acid. Rogers JC; Milliman C J Biol Chem 259: 12234-40 (1984) The purpose of this study was to identify specifically genes and transcripts for the high pI isozyme of barley alpha-amylase. From hybridization of coding sequence probes to blots of genomic DNA diges85006965 Heat-stable inhibitor of translation in reticulocyte lysates. de Haro C; Manne V; de Herreros AG; Ochoa S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 3134-7 (1982) Inhibition of translation in hemin-containing reticulocyte lysates by catalytic subunit (cS) preparations of cAMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine heart, reported earlier by our group, is due to a82247810 Control of ColE1 plasmid replication: the process of binding of RNA I to the primer transcript. Tomizawa J Cell 38: 861-70 (1984) A transcript (RNA II) from the ColE1 primer promoter forms a persistent hybrid with the template DNA near the replication origin. The hybridized RNA II is cleaved by RNAase H to form the primer. Bindi85024878 Control of ColE1 plasmid replication: enhancement of binding of RNA I to the primer transcript by the Rom protein. Tomizawa J; Som T Cell 38: 871-8 (1984) RNA I prevents a transcript (RNA II) from the ColE1 primer promoter to form a hybrid with the template DNA and thereby inhibits formation of primer for DNA replication. Binding of RNA I to RNA II is r85024879 Overproduction of transcription termination factor Rho in Escherichia coli. Shigesada K; Tsurushita N; Matsumoto Y; Imai M Gene 29: 199-209 (1984) A plasmid system has been constructed which allows high-level expression of the rho gene of Escherichia coli under the control of the pL promoter and the N-antitermination regulatory system of bacteri85028429 Steroid and high-temperature induction of the small heat-shock protein genes in Drosophila. Vitek MP; Berger EM J Mol Biol 178: 173-89 (1984) Transcription of the four small heat-shock protein genes of Drosophila melanogaster can be induced in cultured cells by high-temperature shock, or by physiological doses of the moulting hormone, ecdys85033695 Regulated transcription of c-Ki-ras and c-myc during compensatory growth of rat liver. Goyette M; Petropoulos CJ; Shank PR; Fausto N Mol Cell Biol 4: 1493-8 (1984) We examined the transcription of six cellular oncogenes during the process of compensatory growth in rat liver after partial hepatectomy. We have previously reported that transcripts of c-rasH are ele85036286 Transcription units around the gene for E. coli translation initiation factor IF3 (infC). Springer M; Plumbridge JA; Trudel M; Graffe M; Grunberg-Manago M Mol Gen Genet 186: 247-52 (1982) The coding properties have been analyzed of in vitro constructed lambda recombinant phages carrying E. coli DNA fragments from around the structural gene for translation initiation factor IF3 (infC). 82271464 Inhibition of cell functions by RNA-virus infections. Kaariainen L; Ranki M Annu Rev Microbiol 38: 91-109 (1984) The studies with poliovirus have revealed that cells have a full capacity to translate uncapped mRNA, although their own mRNAs are capped and methylated. These observations have been confirmed by tran85045435 Is actin a transcription initiation factor for RNA polymerase B? Egly JM; Miyamoto NG; Moncollin V; Chambon P EMBO J 3: 2363-71 (1984) We have previously reported that two fractions derived from HeLa cell S100 extracts, the heparin flow-through and the heparin 0.6 M KCl eluate are required in vitro for efficient and accurate transcri85051303 Crosses between insertion and point mutations in lambda gene cI: stimulation of neighboring recombination by heterology. Lieb M; Tsai MM; Deonier RC Genetics 108: 277-89 (1984) Intragenic recombination between lambda cI point mutations and insertions was studied in four-factor crosses. In crosses between two point mutations, there is a linear relationship between recombinati85052458 Expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL7 gene on autonomous plasmids. Baker SM; Okkema PG; Jaehning JA Mol Cell Biol 4: 2062-71 (1984) We used a combination of cloned DNA fragments encoding the GAL7 gene, yeast plasmid vectors, and chromosomal gal7 deletions to characterize the in vivo transcription of the GAL7 gene on autonomously r85061195 Fidelity of transcription of Xenopus laevis globin genes injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes and unfertilized eggs. Bendig MM; Williams JG Mol Cell Biol 4: 2109-19 (1984) The Xenopus laevis alpha 1- and beta 1-globin genes were injected into oocytes and unfertilized eggs of X. laevis. In oocytes, the injected globin genes were actively transcribed, but the majority of 85061201 Metabolism and expression of RNA polymerase II transcripts in influenza virus-infected cells. Katze MG; Krug RM Mol Cell Biol 4: 2198-206 (1984) Influenza virus infection has adverse effects on the metabolism of two representative RNA polymerase II transcripts in chicken embryo fibroblasts, those coding for beta-actin and for avian leukosis vi85061211 Induction of human beta-interferon synthesis with poly(rI . rC) in mouse cells transfected with cloned cDNA plasmids. Pitha PM; Ciufo DM; Kellum M; Raj NB; Reyes GR; Hayward GS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 79: 4337-41 (1982) Human genomic DNA and plasmids carrying portions of the cDNA gene for human beta-interferon have been introduced into mouse Ltk- cells by cotransfection with a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (T83014894 A developmental gene product of Bacillus subtilis homologous to the sigma factor of Escherichia coli. Stragier P; Bouvier J; Bonamy C; Szulmajster J Nature 312: 376-8 (1984) Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis involves sequential morphological and biochemical changes and is regulated by specific genes (spo genes) estimated to occupy more than 30 loci. A mutation in any one o85061557 lambda Repressor and cro--components of an efficient molecular switch. Johnson AD; Poteete AR; Lauer G; Sauer RT; Ackers GK; Ptashne M Nature 294: 217-23 (1981) In a lysogen, most genes of phage lambda are repressed; in response to a transient induction signal, they are efficiently switched on. The switch, which consists in part of a tripartite operator to wh82058106 Preferential cleavage of phage lambda repressor monomers by recA protease. Cohen S; Knoll BJ; Little JW; Mount DW Nature 294: 182-4 (1981) 82058094 Physical evidence for the temporal transition of transcription in bacteriophage lambda. Erdile LF; Schnos M; Inman RB Mol Gen Genet 186: 558-65 (1982) A high proportion of intracellular lambda DNA molecules are found to have D-loops, when isolated under four different conditions: (1) lambda Ots after 7 min at 31 degrees C in the presence of chloramp83036212 Control of replication of bacterial plasmids: genetics, molecular biology, and physiology of the plasmid R1 system. Nordstrom K; Molin S; Light J Plasmid 12: 71-90 (1984) Plasmids are autonomously replicating DNA molecules that are present in defined copy numbers in bacteria. This number may for some plasmids be very low (2-5 per average cell). In order to be stably in85064257 Cytomegalovirus causes a latent infection in undifferentiated cells and is activated by induction of cell differentiation. Dutko FJ; Oldstone MB J Exp Med 154: 1636-51 (1981) 82054650 Amino-terminal arm of the lambda repressor: a 1H NMR study. Weiss MA; Sauer RT; Patel DJ; Karplus M Biochemistry 23: 5090-5 (1984) The N-terminal arm of the lambda repressor is shown to be flexible in solution by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR methods. In particular, the relaxation of Thr-2 is largely independent of macromolecul85072797 Early liver alterations induced by the sex-dependent hepatocarcinogen beta-blocker ZAMI 1305. Presta M; Mazzocchi C; Ziliani S; Zavanella T; Ragnotti G Chem Biol Interact 52: 203-12 (1984) Liver alterations occurring after 1, 6 or 10 days of treatment with the hepatocarcinogen beta-blocker DL-1-(2-nitro-3-methyl-phenoxy)-3-tert-butyl-amino-propan-2-ol (ZAMI 1305) were studied in male an85074701 Sex- and tissue-specific, but hormonally independent, demethylation at the 3'-end of Xenopus vitellogenin gene B1. Ng WC; Baker BS; Tata JR FEBS Lett 178: 217-22 (1984) We describe three HpaII-specifying sequences in 6 kbp of DNA at the 3'-end of Xenopus vitellogenin gene B1 (two within the coding sequence and one downstream) which remain methylated in all tissues of85076956 Binding of rho factor to Escherichia coli RNA polymerase mediated by nusA protein. Schmidt MC; Chamberlin MJ J Biol Chem 259: 15000-2 (1984) The E. coli transcription termination factor rho binds specifically to purified nusA protein. Since nusA protein binds tightly to RNA polymerase, this provides a way of coupling rho to the elongating 85079971 lac operator DNA modification in the presence of proteolytic fragments of the repressor protein. Manly SP; Matthews KS J Mol Biol 179: 315-33 (1984) Singly end-labeled DNA fragments containing the lactose operator were methylated in the presence of the lactose repressor and homogeneous preparations of its proteolytic fragments. Binding of core pro85083053 Enzymatic digestion of operator DNA in the presence of the lac repressor tryptic core. Manly SP; Bennett GN; Matthews KS J Mol Biol 179: 335-50 (1984) The trypsin-resistant core protein of the lac repressor was utilized in protecting operator DNA from two types of enzymatic digestion. Core repressor protects and enhances operator DNA digestion by DN85083054 Genetic studies of the lac repressor. XII. Amino acid replacements in the DNA binding domain of the Escherichia coli lac repressor. Miller JH J Mol Biol 180: 205-12 (1984) Out of the first 62 residues of the lac repressor, 38 positions have been substituted by at least one amino acid exchange. The total number of replacements in this region is 131. Data from several stu85083074 J.B. Wolffe memorial lecture. Activity-induced fast to slow transitions in mammalian muscle. Pette D Med Sci Sports Exerc 16: 517-28 (1984) Chronically increased contractile activity by low-frequency stimulation induces a transformation of fast- into slow-twitch muscle fibers in the rabbit. This transformation is progressive with the dura85085468 Use of a cell cycle mutant to delineate the critical period for the control of histone mRNA levels in the mammalian cell cycle. Artishevsky A; Delegeane AM; Lee AS Mol Cell Biol 4: 2364-9 (1984) Temporal analysis of DNA replication and histone mRNA accumulation in a hamster fibroblast cell cycle mutant (K12) showed that histone mRNA accumulates periodically during the cell cycle and reaches i85085941 Temperature-sensitive mutant rho-115 rho-RNA binary complexes, and stabilization by substrates and analogues. Kent RB; Guterman SK Mol Gen Genet 187: 330-4 (1982) To determine the molecular basis for the temperature-sensitivity of pure rho RNA-dependent ATPase from Escherichia coli mutant rho-115 cells, we investigated mutant rho binding to [3H] polyC as measur83088149 Evolutionary coorigin of the RNA polymerase sigma factor and the lambda repressor inferred from gene nucleotide sequence homologies. Ohnishi K Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 44: 189-92 (1984) The lambda phage cI gene and E. coli rpoD gene encoding the lambda repressor and sigma factor, respectively, were aligned with each other based on the internal homologies found in the rpoD gene. Stati85112604 Expression of a cellular oncogene during liver regeneration. Goyette M; Petropoulos CJ; Shank PR; Fausto N Science 219: 510-2 (1983) The number of transcripts of the cellular oncogene ras, which is homologous to the transforming gene of Harvey sarcoma virus, increases during liver regeneration in rats. The increase in these transcr83119914 Expression and loss of the pBR322 plasmid in Klebsiella aerogenes NCTC 418, grown in chemostat culture. Sterkenburg A; Prozee GA; Leegwater PA; Wouters JT Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 50: 397-404 (1984) Klebsiella aerogenes harbouring the plasmid pBR322 was grown in continuous culture at various growth rates under glucose, phosphate or ammonia limitation. With tetracycline in the medium, the maximum 85120804 5S RNA structure and interaction with transcription factor A. 1. Ribonuclease probe of the structure of 5S RNA from Xenopus laevis oocytes. Andersen J; Delihas N; Hanas JS; Wu CW Biochemistry 23: 5752-9 (1984) The structure of Xenopus laevis oocyte (Xlo) 5S ribosomal RNA has been probed with single-strand-specific ribonucleases T1, T2, and A with double-strand-specific ribonuclease V1 from cobra venom. The 85122629 5S RNA structure and interaction with transcription factor A. 2. Ribonuclease probe of the 7S particle from Xenopus laevis immature oocytes and RNA exchange properties of the 7S particle. Andersen J; Delihas N; Hanas JS; Wu CW Biochemistry 23: 5759-66 (1984) The 5S RNA complexed in the 7S particle of immature Xenopus laevis oocytes was 32P labeled at its 3' end and then subjected in situ to partial digestion using ribonucleases T1, T2, A, and V1 in order 85122630 Trinitrobenzenesulfonate modification of the lysine residues in lactose repressor protein. Whitson PA; Burgum AA; Matthews KS Biochemistry 23: 6046-52 (1984) Modification of the lysine residues in the lactose repressor protein has been carried out with trinitrobenzenesulfonate. Reaction of lysine residues at positions 33, 37, 108, 290, and 327 was observed85122669 [Homology of the amino acid sequences between histones H3 and H4 and regulatory proteins] Mil' EM Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 279: 481-4 (1984) 85126428 Mutations in the Ion gene of E. coli K12 phenotypically suppress a mutation in the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase. Grossman AD; Burgess RR; Walter W; Gross CA Cell 32: 151-9 (1983) We have isolated spontaneous temperature-resistant revertants of a temperature-sensitive mutation (rpoD800) in the sigma subunit of E. coli K12 RNA polymerase. These revertants still contained the rpo83129394 [Transcription in the sympathetic neurocytes of rats at different stages of postnatal ontogeny] Grigor'eva AV; Iarygin VN Biull Eksp Biol Med 92: 110-2 (1981) Examination of transcription with the use of autoradiographic determination of the activity of endogenous RNA-polymerases in fixed neurons of the rat cranial cervical ganglion has shown the existence 82047122 Simian virus 40 early mRNA's contain multiple 5' termini upstream and downstream from a Hogness-Goldberg sequence; a shift in 5' termini during the lytic cycle is mediated by large T antigen. Ghosh PK; Lebowitz P J Virol 40: 224-40 (1981) We have used primer-directed synthesis, separation, and sequencing of cDNA's to identify and localize the 5' termini of simian virus 40 early mRNA's. We have examined polyadenylated RNAs obtained from82033309 Molecular cloning of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene, ppc, of Escherichia coli. Sabe H; Miwa T; Kodaki T; Izui K; Hiraga S; Katsuki H Gene 31: 279-83 (1984) The ColE1 hybrid plasmid, pLC20-10, carrying the ppc gene and the argECBH gene cluster of Escherichia coli K-12, was characterized. The ppc gene coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.3185128448 Developmental changes in chromatin of skeletal muscle of rats: acetylation of chromosomal proteins and transcription. Pandey RS; Kanungo MS Mol Biol Rep 10: 79-81 (1984) In vivo acetylation of chromosomal proteins and RNA synthesis were studied in the skeletal muscle of 3-30 day old developing rats. The levels of acetylated histones and nonhistone chromosomal (NHC) pr85137442 Cloning and molecular analysis of the finO region from the antibiotic-resistance plasmid R6-5. Cheah KC; Ray A; Skurray R Plasmid 12: 222-6 (1984) The cloning of the finO region from the antibiotic-resistance plasmid R6-5 is reported. On the basis of DNA deletion analysis and Tn5 transposon insertional mutagenesis of finO+ chimeric plasmids, fin85140587 Molecular cloning of the GAL80 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and characterization of a gal80 deletion. Yocum RR; Johnston M Gene 32: 75-82 (1984) An integrated GAL1-lacZ fusion provided a useful phenotypic marker for the gal80- regulatory mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On minimal glucose plates containing a beta-galactosidase indicator, 85155488 Recognition of base sequences by regulatory proteins in procaryotes and eucaryotes. Helene C Biosci Rep 1: 477-83 (1981) A model is described whereby (i) regulatory proteins recognize one face of the DNA double helix on non-adjacent DNA regions brought close together in space through folding around nucleosomes, (ii) reg82047076 lac Repressor headpiece constitutes a reversibly unfolding domain. Hinz HJ; Cossmann M; Beyreuther K FEBS Lett 129: 246-8 (1981) 82027723 The genes for the ribosomal proteins S12 and S7 are clustered with the gene for the EF-Tu protein on the chloroplast genome of Euglena gracilis. Montandon PE; Stutz E Nucleic Acids Res 12: 2851-9 (1984) We characterize a DNA segment of the Euglena gracilis chloroplast DNA fragment Eco . N by nucleotide sequencing and S1 nuclease analysis. We show that this region, which is upstream of the previously 84169577 Coordinate and non-coordinate estrogen-induced expression of A and B groups of vitellogenin genes in male and female Xenopus Hepatocytes in culture. Wolffe AP; Tata JR Eur J Biochem 130: 365-72 (1983) The concentration of mRNA transcribed from A and B groups of vitellogenin genes, induced by estrogen added to primary cultures of hepatocytes from male and female adult Xenopus, was measured by a tech83131676 Substituting an alpha-helix switches the sequence-specific DNA interactions of a repressor. Wharton RP; Brown EL; Ptashne M Cell 38: 361-9 (1984) It has been suggested that many DNA-binding proteins use an alpha-helix for specific sequence recognition. We have used amino acid sequence homologies to identify the presumptive DNA-recognition helic84282732 Mutants of the gamma delta resolvase: a genetic analysis of the recombination function. Newman BJ; Grindley ND Cell 38: 463-9 (1984) The resolvase protein encoded by the gamma delta transposon has two functions. It catalyzes a site-specific recombination, and it negatively regulates the expression of two transposon genes. Both func84282742 Sequence homology between Lac and Gal repressors and three sugar-binding periplasmic proteins. Muller-Hill B Nature 302: 163-4 (1983) Many proteins consist of several independent folding units or domains, each specifying a different function. Repressor proteins such as Lac or lambda cI carry small N-terminal domains which recognize 83141810 Oncogene expression in Burkitt's lymphoma. Nowell PC; Finan J; Erikson J; Croce CM Surv Synth Pathol Res 3: 350-7 (1984) 85065298 RNA synthesis in regenerating mouse liver evaluated by incorporation of [methyl-14C]methionine and by determination of RNA polymerase activity. Ljungquist I; Yngner T; Lewan L; Engelbrecht C Biochem J 221: 235-9 (1984) The synthesis of RNA during mouse liver regeneration was studied by two different methods at 24 and 48 h after partial hepatectomy. Total chromatin-bound RNA polymerase activity showed an increase of 84280017 Inhibition of the initiation of leukemic transcription by N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-O-hemiadipate in vitro. Impaired formation of RNA polymerase-DNA complex. Chuang LF; Israel M; Chuang RY J Biol Chem 259: 11391-5 (1984) The effect of N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-O-hemiadipate (AD 143), a new derivative of adriamycin, on various steps of the enzymic reaction catalyzed by chicken myeloblastosis RNA polymerase II was 84289589 Protein-DNA recognition. Pabo CO; Sauer RT Annu Rev Biochem 53: 293-321 (1984) Several general principles emerge from the studies of Cro, lambda repressor, and CAP. The DNA-binding sites are recognized in a form similar to B-DNA. They do not form cruciforms or other novel DNA st84305754 Cyclic AMP as a transcriptional inhibitor of upper eukaryotic gene transcription. Vaulont S; Munnich A; Marie J; Reach G; Pichard AL; Simon MP; Besmond C; Barbry P; Kahn A Biochem Biophys Res Commun 125: 135-41 (1984) Recently, glucagon and its second messenger, cyclic AMP, have been shown to stimulate the transcription rate of several upper eukaryotic genes (1-5). We show here that glucagon can also block gene tra85072173 Salt dependence of the kinetics of the lac repressor-operator interaction: role of nonoperator deoxyribonucleic acid in the association reaction. Barkley MD Biochemistry 20: 3833-42 (1981) The kinetics of binding of lac repressor protein and operator deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have been studied as a function of monovalent and divalent cation concentration. The salt dependence of the as82000485 Transcription of eukaryotic tRNA genes in vitro. II. Formation of stable complexes. Schaack J; Sharp S; Dingermann T; Soll D J Biol Chem 258: 2447-53 (1983) Drosophila tRNA genes form stable transcription complexes in vitro, as we have demonstrated by kinetic analyses of transcription experiments in Drosophila Kc cell extracts. tRNA genes added to transcr83109086 Cascades of Sigma factors. Losick R; Pero J Cell 25: 582-4 (1981) 82025568 Free sigma factor of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase can bind to DNA. Kudo T; Doi RH J Biol Chem 256: 9778-81 (1981) Free sigma factor from E. coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme was shown to associate with supercoiled pBR350 and pBRH4 plasmid DNA s by two methods. The banding pattern of sigma factor through a nondenatur82007798 Multilevel regulation of bacteriophage lambda lysogeny by the E. coli himA gene. Miller HI Cell 25: 269-76 (1981) Previous experiments have shown that the himA gene of E. coli specifies a protein that is required for bacteriophage lambda integration. lambda Forms clear plaques on himA mutants indicating a possibl82002219 Ion effects on the lac repressor--operator equilibrium. Barkley MD; Lewis PA; Sullivan GE Biochemistry 20: 3842-51 (1981) The effects of ions on the interaction of lac repressor protein and operator DNA have been studied by the membrane filter technique. The equilibrium association constant was determined as a function o82000486 Mapping of I Gene mutations which lead to repressors with increased affinity for lac operator. Pfahl M J Mol Biol 147: 175-8 (1981) 81267382 Klebsiella pneumoniae nifA product activates the Rhizobium meliloti nitrogenase promoter. Sundaresan V; Jones JD; Ow DW; Ausubel FM Nature 301: 728-32 (1983) Bacteria in the genus Rhizobium normally fix nitrogen only when they interact with leguminous plants to produce on the roots a highly differentiated structure, the nodule, within which the bacteria di83141778 A hypersensitive site in hsp70 chromatin requires adjacent not internal DNA sequence. Costlow NA; Simon JA; Lis JT Nature 313: 147-9 (1985) Nuclease-hypersensitive sites in chromatin exist at the 5' side of many eukaryotic genes. To gain some understanding of the molecular basis of these hypersensitive sites, we have now examined the pair85086280 mu Polypeptide phenotypes of lymphoid and myeloid cell lines containing RNA transcripts of the immunoglobulin C mu gene. Walker ID; Harris AW J Immunol 127: 561-6 (1981) We have examined whether polyadenylated-RNA molecules encoded by the immunoglobulin C mu gene (C mu RNA) that have recently been shown to occur in mouse T lymphoma, myeloid tumor, and pre-B lymphoma c81240786 Effects of temperature and single-stranded DNA on the interaction of an RNA polymerase III transcription factor with a tRNA gene. Stillman DJ; Caspers P; Geiduschek EP Cell 40: 311-7 (1985) It has previously been shown that a yeast RNA polymerase III transcription factor binds stably to tRNA genes. The principal protein-DNA contacts have now been mapped, by dimethylsulfate footprinting, 85099344 Isolation and characterization of the Fnr protein, the transcriptional regulator of anaerobic electron transport in Escherichia coli. Unden G; Guest JR Eur J Biochem 146: 193-9 (1985) The Fnr protein, the transcriptional regulator of the expression of anaerobic respiratory functions in Escherichia coli, was purified to homogeneity from soluble extracts of a strain harbouring the fn85101375 Purification of RNA polymerase and transcription-termination factor Rho from Erwinia carotovora. Nwankwo DO; Guterman SK Eur J Biochem 146: 383-9 (1985) Erwinia carotovora RNA polymerase consists of the holoenzyme structure sigma 2 beta beta' sigma as found in Escherichia coli and other bacteria. E. carotovora RNA polymerase can synthesize RNA using l85101412 Bacteriophage lambda repressor and cro protein: interactions with operator DNA. Johnson AD; Pabo CO; Sauer RT Methods Enzymol 65: 839-56 (1980) 80187459 Effect of aminonucleoside on transcription, methylation, and maturation of ribosomal RNA in SV40-transformed human lung fibroblasts. Tunkel AR; Studzinski GP J Cell Physiol 108: 239-49 (1981) The effects of puromycin aminonucleoside (AMS) have been studied in the nucleoli of SV40-transformed human lung fibroblasts with attention to the relationship between transcription, methylation, and m81264477 Induction of tyrosine aminotransferase by pyridoxine in Drosophila hydei. Belew K; Brady T Chromosoma 82: 99-106 (1981) Salivary glands incubated in various concentrations of pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) show increasing tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity at concentrations up to 10(-5) M and then decreasing activity up81259948 Primary structure of the phage P22 repressor and its gene c2. Sauer RT; Pan J; Hopper P; Hehir K; Brown J; Poteete AR Biochemistry 20: 3591-8 (1981) The amino acid sequence of the Salmonella phage P2 repressor and the DNA sequence of its gene c2 have been determined. Sequential Edman degradations on intact P22 repressor and repressor peptides gene81256447 High-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the exchangeable resonances of the lac repressor headpiece. Wemmer D; Shvo H; Ribeiro AA; Bray RP; Jardetzky O Biochemistry 20: 3351-4 (1981) The exchangeable hydrogens of the N-terminal 51 amino acid headpiece (HP) of the lac repressor have been examined with high-resolution 1H NMR. Resonances from 35 +/- 3 protons are observable in 2H2O s81256409 lac Repressor headpiece binds specifically to half of the lac operator: a proton nuclear magnetic resonance study. Scheek RM; Zuiderweg ER; Klappe KJ; van Boom JH; Kaptein R; Ruterjans H; Beyreuther K Biochemistry 22: 228-35 (1983) The complex formation of the N-terminal domain (headpiece) of the Escherichia coli lac repressor and a synthetic 14-base-pair lac operator fragment has been investigated by 1H NMR. Titration shifts in83153586 Growth-activity related variation of a nuclear antigen in monolayer-culture cells quantitated by immunofluorometry and microspectrophotometry. Fagraeus A; Jonsson J; Auer G; Schilling W Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand [A] 93: 35-40 (1985) Antibodies of the hybridoma clone M 372/809 react with a nuclear antigen in growing cells. Using immunofluorometry and microspectrophotometry, the antigen was found to accumulate to a maximum coincide85118353 lambda Phage cro repressor interaction with DNA. Arndt KT; Boschelli F; Cook J; Takeda Y; Tecza E; Lu P J Biol Chem 258: 4177-83 (1983) We present here the complete identification of the resonances from the aromatic region of the 1H NMR spectrum of the cro repressor of the Escherichia coli lysogenic phage lambda. This was accomplished83160980 Photo CIDNP study on the complex formation of lambda cro protein with OR3. Shirakawa M; Lee SJ; Akutsu H; Kyogoku Y; Kitano K; Shin M; Ohtsuka E; Ikehara M FEBS Lett 181: 286-90 (1985) A photo CIDNP spectrum of lambda cro repressor protein showed that one of the three tyrosines and His 35 are quite accessible to the photosensitive dye. For the remaining two tyrosine residues one is 85127514 Mutations in the rpoH (htpR) gene of Escherichia coli K-12 phenotypically suppress a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in the sigma 70 subunit of RNA polymerase. Grossman AD; Zhou YN; Gross C; Heilig J; Christie GE; Calendar R J Bacteriol 161: 939-43 (1985) Escherichia coli K-12 strain 285c contains a mutation in rpoD, the gene encoding the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase. The 70-kilodalton sigma polypeptide encoded by this allele is unstable, and this i85130830 [RNA synthesis in cells chronically infected with rabies virus] Boriskin IuS; Drynov ID; Bogomolova NN Vopr Virusol 39: 55-9 (1981) RNAs of predominantly subgenome size were synthesized in BHK-21 and HEp-2 cells chronically infected with rabies virus in the presence of actinomycin D. An analysis of glyoxale-denaturated intracellul81251247 Cyclic AMP regulation of lactate dehydrogenase. Isoproterenol and N6,O2-dibutyryl cyclic amp increase the rate of transcription and change the stability of lactate dehydrogenase a subunit messenger RNJungmann RA; Kelley DC; Miles MF; Milkowski DM J Biol Chem 258: 5312-8 (1983) The mechanism of isoproterenol and N6,O2-dibutyryl adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP) induction of lactate dehydrogenase A subunit mRNA (mRNALDH) was investigated in the rat C6 glioma cell83161159 Detection in vivo of protein-DNA interactions within the lac operon of Escherichia coli. Nick H; Gilbert W Nature 313: 795-8 (1985) Studies of the sequence-specific binding of proteins to DNA have so far relied on in vitro experiments using cloned restriction fragments containing the relevant DNA sequences. We have applied the gen85137895 Utilization of one promoter by two forms of RNA polymerase from Bacillus subtilis. Tatti KM; Moran CP Jr Nature 314: 190-2 (1985) Bacillus subtilis possesses several forms of RNA polymerase, each differing in its sigma subunit and its specificity of promoter recognition. The sequential appearance of sigma subunits, which change 85137943 A bacterial repressor protein or a yeast transcriptional terminator can block upstream activation of a yeast gene [letter] Brent R; Ptashne M Nature 314: 198 (1985) 85137947 Mutations in bacteriophage lambda repressor that prevent RecA-mediated cleavage. Gimble FS; Sauer RT J Bacteriol 162: 147-54 (1985) In this paper, we report on the isolation and sequence analysis of mutations that confer an induction-deficient phenotype to lambda repressor. A total of 16 different mutations, which occur at 13 diff85157400 Reaction of human auto-antibodies with antigens of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila. Will H; Lakomek HJ; Bautz EK Exp Cell Res 134: 129-40 (1981) 81236792 Cycloheximide stimulates early adenovirus transcription if early gene expression is allowed before treatment. Cross FR; Darnell JE Jr J Virol 45: 683-92 (1983) The inhibition of protein synthesis by cycloheximide markedly stimulated adenovirus 2 early transcription (assayed in vivo and in vitro in nuclei) when the drug was added 3 h after infection of HeLa c83164313 [Characteristics of the transcription activity of liver nuclear DNA in long-term adaptation to altitude hypoxia] Komolova GS; Egorov IA Izv Akad Nauk SSSR [Biol] 68: 25-30 (1985) 85158560 Spacing mutations between the Escherichia coli pBAD RNA polymerase binding site and the araC (I) induction site. Hendrickson W; Petithory J; Schleif R Nucleic Acids Res 11: 1873-80 (1983) Mutations in the Escherichia coli promoter PBAD have been constructed which alter the spacing of the adjacent RNA polymerase and araC inducer protein binding sites. While deletion of a single base-pai83168927 Lambda phage cro repressor interaction with its operator DNA: 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouracil OR3 analogues. Metzler WJ; Arndt K; Tecza E; Wasilewski J; Lu P Biochemistry 24: 1418-24 (1985) The experiments here show that chemically synthesized DNA containing fluorine at selected sites can be used to test specific predictions of a model for cro repressor--operator interaction. This is don85175098 Transcription and translation in the autonomous parvovirus KRV. Mitra R; Wali T; Valdez V; Fabisch P; Salzman LA Virology 125: 349-60 (1983) We describe here the isolation and partial characterization of at least five viral specific RNAs synthesized in the rat nephroma (RN) cell after infection with the parvovirus KRV. The RNAs have the ap83173599 Some mercurial resistance plasmids from different incompatibility groups specify merR regulatory functions that both repress and induce the mer operon of plasmid R100. Foster TJ; Ginnity F J Bacteriol 162: 773-6 (1985) Transcription of the mer genes of plasmid R100 is regulated by the product of the merR gene. The merR gene negatively regulates its own expression and also controls the transcription of the merTCA ope85182502 Binding of lac repressor headpiece to poly[d(A-T)]. A thermal denaturation study. Durand M; Schnarr M; Maurizot JC Biochem Biophys Res Commun 110: 169-75 (1983) The binding of the lac repressor headpiece to poly[d(A-T)] has been investigated using thermal denaturation experiments. The binding of the headpiece leads to a stabilization of the double-stranded st83178112 Inhibition of binding to initiation complexes of nascent reovirus mRNA by double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase. De Benedetti A; Williams GJ; Baglioni C J Virol 54: 408-13 (1985) A coupled, cell-free system for the transcription and translation of reovirus mRNA was developed. Activated reovirions were incubated with reticulocyte lysate and an appropriate energy mix. Active tra85185668 Analysis of ColE1 expression in vitro after chromosome fragmentation. Chen HZ; Zubay G J Bacteriol 154: 650-5 (1983) The RNA and protein products synthesized from ColE1 DNA were observed before and after cutting the DNA with different restriction enzymes. Synthesis was carried out in the DNA-directed coupled transcr83186014 Characterization and purification of lupus antigen La, and RNA-binding protein. Francoeur AM; Chan EK; Garrels JI; Mathews MB Mol Cell Biol 5: 586-90 (1985) HeLa cell La antigen, an RNA-binding protein, was characterized by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Eight isoelectric forms (pI 6 to 7) were observed, many containing phosphate. An in vitro 85187950 Ethanol effects in a rat hepatoma cell line: induction of gamma-glutamyltransferase. Barouki R; Chobert MN; Finidori J; Aggerbeck M; Nalpas B; Hanoune J Hepatology 3: 323-9 (1983) The clone C2 derived from a rat hepatoma cell line was used to investigate the mechanism of the induction of gamma-glutamyltransferase by ethanol. gamma-glutamyltransferase activity was detected in th83184045 Ultraviolet radiation-induced derepression of the lactose operon of E. coli: in vitro studies. Spodheim-Maurizot M; Culard F; Charlier M; Maurizot JC Prog Clin Biol Res 172A: 401-8 (1985) 85190800 Induction of hepatitis B virus core gene in human cells by cytosine demethylation in the promoter. Korba BE; Wilson VL; Yoakum GH Science 228: 1103-6 (1985) A recombinant human cell line constructed by transfection of epithelial cells with a plasmid containing the hepatitis B virus core gene (HBc) was used to study the regulation of HBc gene expression. M85192542 Studies on transcription of 3'-extended DNA templates by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Partial purification and characterization of a factor from HeLa cells that facilitates renaturation of the DNA temKane CM; Chamberlin MJ Biochemistry 24: 2254-62 (1985) Transcription by purified mammalian RNA polymerase II in vitro leads to extensive formation of DNA-RNA hybrids between nascent RNA and the template DNA strand. This is especially clear during transcri85199874 In vitro stimulation of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma subunit synthesis by NusA protein. Peacock S; Lupski JR; Godson GN; Weissbach H Gene 33: 227-34 (1985) A simplified DNA-directed in vitro system which measures synthesis of the NH2-terminal dipeptides of gene products has been used to study the expression of rpoD, the gene coding for the sigma subunit 85205337 Inhibition of rat ovarian ornithine decarboxylase by ethanol in vivo and in vitro. Poso H; Poso AR Biochim Biophys Acta 658: 291-8 (1981) Intragastric administration of ethanol greatly inhibited ovarian ornithine decarboxylase (L-ornithine carboxy-lyase EC 4.1.1.17) stimulated by human chorionic gonadotropin in vivo. The inhibition occu81232930 Transcription in bacteriophage f1-infected Escherichia coli. Messenger populations in the infected cell. La Farina M; Model P J Mol Biol 164: 377-93 (1983) Transcription of bacteriophage f1 DNA in vivo occurs in two independent regions. They are separated from one another by a strong terminator just downstream from gene VIII on one side, and by the filam83189114 A strong sequence homology exists between the major RNA polymerase sigma factors of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Gitt MA; Wang LF; Doi RH J Biol Chem 260: 7178-85 (1985) The Bacillus subtilis rpoD gene has been sequenced and the primary structure of its product deduced. The molecular weight calculated for the sigma 43 is 42,828. The DNA and protein sequences of sigma 85207748 A protein structure from nuclear magnetic resonance data. lac repressor headpiece. Kaptein R; Zuiderweg ER; Scheek RM; Boelens R; van Gunsteren WF J Mol Biol 182: 179-82 (1985) A procedure is described to determine the three-dimensional structure of biomolecules from nuclear magnetic resonance data. This procedure combines model building with a restrained molecular dynamics 85210895 New control elements of bacteriophage T4 pre-replicative transcription. Pulitzer JF; Colombo M; Ciaramella M J Mol Biol 182: 249-63 (1985) Bacteriophage T4 pre-replicative genes are transcribed, by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase, in two alternative modes: an early mode and a middle mode. Middle mode transcription is under the control of85210909 DNA sequences from the str operon of Escherichia coli. Post LE; Nomura M J Biol Chem 255: 4660-6 (1980) The str operon at 72 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome contains genes for ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) S12 (str or rpsL) and S7 (rpsG) and elongation factors G (fus) and Tu (tufA). The sequenc80182129 Two RNA polymerase sigma factors from Bacillus subtilis discriminate between overlapping promoters for a developmentally regulated gene. Johnson WC; Moran CP Jr; Losick R Nature 302: 800-4 (1983) A developmentally regulated gene (spoVG) from the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus subtilis is expressed from two overlapping promoters, which direct transcription initiating from sites separated by 183192465 The mac promoters: functional hybrid promoters activated by the malT product and repressed by the lacI product. Vidal-Ingigliardi D; Raibaud O Nucleic Acids Res 13: 1163-72 (1985) Using in vitro techniques we have fused upstream sequences from the malPp promoter (normally activated by the MalT protein) to downstream sequences from the lacZp promoter (normally repressed by the L85215537 Regulation of interferon action in human fibroblasts: transient induction of specific proteins and amplification of the antiviral response by antinomycin D. Gupta SL; Rubin BY; Holmes SL Virology 111: 331-40 (1981) 81227638 Suppressed nonsense mutations in the araC gene of Escherichia coli provide three novel variant proteins. Schecter JB J Bacteriol 154: 1329-38 (1983) A total of 400 suppressible mutations have been isolated in the araC gene of Escherichia coli. Based on deletion mapping, growth patterns when suppressed, and intragenic recombination, 37 mutants have83213157 Preferential binding of bacteriophage Mu repressor to supercoiled Mu DNA. Roulet E; Allet B; Chandler M Plasmid 13: 173-81 (1985) It was shown, using a relatively simple assay, that Mu repressor, cI, binds specifically to a region which spans the leftmost HindIII cleavage site on the phage genome. This extends the observations o85216886 Construction and characterization of chimeric beta-lactamase plasmids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with altered ability to be mobilized during conjugation. Tenover FC; Stein DC; Young FE; Clark VL Sex Transm Dis 12: 76-82 (1985) A series of chimeric plasmids derived from the transfer factor, beta-lactamase-encoding R factor, and cryptic plasmid of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was constructed. Two of these plasmids, each lacking a 1.85219148 Alterations in phenotype expression of muscle by chronic nerve stimulation. Pette D; Heilig A; Klug G; Reichmann H; Seedorf U; Wiehrer W Adv Exp Med Biol 182: 169-77 (1985) 85221737 Ca2+ and calmodulin regulate microtubule-associated protein-actin filament interaction in a flip-flop switch. Sobue K; Tanaka T; Ashino N; Kakiuchi S Biochim Biophys Acta 845: 366-72 (1985) MAP2 (microtubule-associated protein 2) and tau factor are calmodulin-binding and actin filament-interacting proteins, respectively. We have examined the effect of Ca2+ and calmodulin on MAP-induced a85226551 Activation of muscle-specific actin genes in Xenopus development by an induction between animal and vegetal cells of a blastula. Gurdon JB; Fairman S; Mohun TJ; Brennan S Cell 41: 913-22 (1985) Muscle gene expression is induced a few hours after vegetal cells of a Xenopus blastula are placed in contact with animal cells that normally develop into epidermis and nerve cells. We have used a mus85228242 The nucleotide sequence of the rho gene of E. coli K-12. Pinkham JL; Platt T Nucleic Acids Res 11: 3531-45 (1983) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the rho gene which encodes the E. coli K-12 transcription termination factor. The structural gene was located on a cloned 3.6 kilobase BglII-HindIII restr83220759 The primary structure of transcription factor TFIIIA has 12 consecutive repeats. Brown RS; Sander C; Argos P FEBS Lett 186: 271-4 (1985) Analysis of the amino acid sequence of transcription factor TFIIIA from Xenopus laevis reveals the presence of 12 repeating structures, each about 30 residues in length. These segments have been align85231235 Transcriptional organization of the Tra2 region controlling conjugational transfer of the narrow host range Pseudomonas aeruginosa plasmid R91-5. Moore RJ; Krishnapillai V Genet Res 45: 119-25 (1985) 85232019 Transcriptional control of the S10 ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli after a shift to higher temperature. Zengel JM; Lindahl L J Bacteriol 163: 140-7 (1985) In the 5 to 10 min immediately following a shift from 30 to 42 degrees C, the differential synthesis rates of ribosomal proteins encoded by the 11-gene S10 operon are transiently decreased. This effec85234351 Mitomycin-induced lethality of Escherichia coli cells containing the ColE1 Plasmid: involvement of the kil gene. Zhang SP; Faro A; Zubay G J Bacteriol 163: 174-9 (1985) Escherichia coli cells containing the ColE1 plasmid or related plasmids are killed by considerably lower levels of mitomycin C (MTC) than are plasmid-free cells. Since exposure to MTC induces high lev85234356 Differential transcription of early and late-replicating DNA in human cells. Bello LJ Exp Cell Res 146: 79-86 (1983) Several studies suggest that most of the functional genes of mammalian cells are contained in the early-replicating sequences of DNA. There is little direct evidence, however, to support this view. To83234819 Separation and partial characterization of three functional steps in transcription initiation by human RNA polymerase II. Hawley DK; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 260: 8163-72 (1985) We have used Sarkosyl to study the events comprising specific transcription initiation in vitro by HeLa RNA polymerase II. On the basis of different sensitivities to the Sarkosyl concentration, we hav85234517 Alterations in early adenovirus transcription and mRNA abundance induced by translational inhibitors. Eggerding FA J Biol Chem 260: 8354-9 (1985) At least six viral genes are activated early after adenovirus 2 infection of HeLa cells. In an effort to define more clearly the effects of protein synthesis inhibition on early viral gene expression,85234547 Expression of T4 early genes 62, 44, 45 and 46 in the lambda-T4 recombinant phage lambda 806-17. Yu CY; Mark KK J Gen Virol 66 ( Pt 6): 1215-9 (1985) A lambda-T4 recombinant phage, lambda 806-17, which carries the T4 early genes 62, 44, 45 and 46, was studied inside a homoimmune lysogen. Under such conditions, gene expression from the lambda promot85236250 Analysis of the requirements for transcription pausing in the tryptophan operon. Fisher RF; Das A; Kolter R; Winkler ME; Yanofsky C J Mol Biol 182: 397-409 (1985) RNA polymerase pausing during transcription of the tryptophan (trp) operon leader region is postulated to be the key event that synchronizes transcription of this region with translation of the coding85237480 Purification and characterization of Escherichia coli guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase produced by a high efficiency expression plasmid utilizing a lambda PL promoter and CI857 temperature-sLiu SW; Milman G J Biol Chem 258: 7469-75 (1983) The gene for Escherichia coli guanine-xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase was placed after the high efficiency lambda phage leftward promoter in plasmid pHEGPT also containing the lambda CI857 temperat83238313 A mutant lactose repressor with altered inducer and operator binding parameters. Chakerian AE; Pfahl M; Olson JS; Matthews KS J Mol Biol 183: 43-51 (1985) The lactose repressor protein from the mutant Escherichia coli BG185 contains valine at position 81 instead of alanine. Spectroscopic, chemical and direct binding measurements demonstrate that the BG185237509 The time course of transcription. Mahon GA; McWilliam P; Gordon RL; McConnell DJ J Theor Biol 87: 483-515 (1980) 81219542 Genome distribution of adenovirus total and self-complementary nuclear RNA at early times. Zimmer SG; Carlson DG; Johnson L Virology 111: 301-11 (1981) 81227635 Translation initiation factor 2 alters transcriptional selectivity of Escherichia coli ribonucleic acid polymerase. Travers AA; Debenham PG; Pongs O Biochemistry 19: 1651-6 (1980) Preparations of translation initiation factor IF-2 strongly stimulate the production of rRNA by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase but have little effect on the synthesis of other RNA species. The factor80198294 Lactose repressor protein modified with dansyl chloride: activity effects and fluorescence properties. Hsieh WT; Matthews KS Biochemistry 24: 3043-9 (1985) Chemical modification using 5-(dimethylamino)naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride) has been used to explore the importance of lysine residues involved in the binding activities of the lact85252730 Tandem duplication of the proviral DNA in an avian sarcoma virus-transformed quail clone. Hsu TW; Taylor JM; Aldrich C; Townsend JB; Seal G; Mason WS J Virol 38: 219-23 (1981) Previous study has shown that an avian sarcoma virus-transformed quail clone, Q-B77-11, apparently contains full-size proviral DNA and releases virus particles which contain polymerase activity, but a81218413 E. coli ribosomal protein operons: the case of the misplaced genes. Bjork GR Cell 42: 7-8 (1985) 85254944 Studies of the regulation of mouse renin genes by measurement of renin messenger ribonucleic acid. Catanzaro DF; Mesterovic N; Morris BJ Endocrinology 117: 872-8 (1985) The transcriptional activity of renin genes in the mouse kidney and submandibular gland (SMG) was examined by measurement of renin messenger RNA (mRNA) (nanograms per g tissue) and compared with renin85257226 1H NMR study of the interaction of bacteriophage lambda Cro protein with the OR3 operator. II. Assignment of the non-exchangeable proton resonances of the OR3 operator. Hahn KD; Buck F; Ruterjans H; Chernov BK; Skryabin KG; Kirpichnikov MP Eur Biophys J 12: 87-95 (1985) The 17 base pair operator OR3 oligonucleotide, which is the preferential binding site for the Cro repressor of phage lambda, was studied by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. A sequential assignment pr85257305 Quantitation of transcribing native simian virus 40 minichromosomes extracted from CV1 cells late in infection. Llopis R; Perrin F; Bellard F; Gariglio P J Virol 38: 82-90 (1981) Simian virus 40 transcriptional complexes could be extracted from CV1 cells late in infection and separated from the bulk of inactive viral chromatin. Sucrose gradient sedimentation, cesium sulfate eq81218446 Determination of the promoter strength in the mixed transcription system. II. Promoters of ribosomal RNA, ribosomal protein S1 and recA protein operons from Escherichia coli. Kajitani M; Ishihama A Nucleic Acids Res 11: 3873-88 (1983) Using the in vitro mixed transcription system (Kajitani, M. and Ishihama, A. (1983) Nucleic Acids Res. 11, 671-686), we determined the two parameters of the promoter strength, i.e., the rate of open c83246521 Analyses of the mRNA transcription processes of snowshoe hare bunyavirus S and M RNA species. Eshita Y; Ericson B; Romanowski V; Bishop DH J Virol 55: 681-9 (1985) The time course of synthesis of snowshoe hare bunyavirus small (S)- and medium (M)-sized viral RNA (vRNA), viral cRNA (vcRNA), and mRNA species was analyzed by using single-stranded DNA probes represe85265030 The adenovirus type 5 E1A transcriptional control region contains a duplicated enhancer element. Hearing P; Shenk T Cell 33: 695-703 (1983) The adenovirus type 5 E1A transcriptional control region contains an element with enhancer properties located between -141 and -305 relative to the E1A cap site at +1. The enhancer element is located 83259256 Altered DNA contacts made by a mutant AraC protein. Brunelle A; Hendrickson W; Schleif R Nucleic Acids Res 13: 5019-26 (1985) Mutant AraC proteins were selected for their ability to induce but not to repress, or their ability to repress but not to induce the araBAD operon. One such unusual mutant is able to bind to the araI 85269624 Characterization of the RNA binding properties of transcription factor IIIA of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Romaniuk PJ Nucleic Acids Res 13: 5369-87 (1985) A nitrocellulose filter binding assay has been developed to study the interaction of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA with 5S RNA. The protein binds Xenopus oocyte 5S RNA with an association constant85269649 Developmental regulation of human globin genes. Karlsson S; Nienhuis AW Annu Rev Biochem 54: 1071-108 (1985) 85277981 Transcriptional regulation of rat liver glutathione S-transferase genes by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene. Ding VD; Pickett CB Arch Biochem Biophys 240: 553-9 (1985) The relative rates of transcription of the rat liver glutathione S-transferase Ya-Yc and Yb genes were determined in purified liver nuclei isolated at different times after phenobarbital or 3-methylch85278145 Herpes simplex virus latency: adaptation to the peripheral nervous system. II. Price RW Cancer Invest 3: 389-403 (1985) 85281686 Initiation of transcription at phage T4 late promoters with purified RNA polymerase. Kassavetis GA; Elliott T; Rabussay DP; Geiduschek EP Cell 33: 887-97 (1983) We have previously identified T4 late promoters governing the in vivo expression of T4 late genes 23 and 24 (P23 and P24). T4 late transcription in vivo is known to involve the binding of at least fiv83259275 Lambda repressor mutations that increase the affinity and specificity of operator binding. Nelson HC; Sauer RT Cell 42: 549-58 (1985) Intragenic, second-site reversion has been used to identify amino acid substitutions that increase the affinity and specificity of the binding of lambda repressor to its operator sites. Purified repre85282612 Maturation of Escherichia coli tryptophan operon mRNA: evidence for 3' exonucleolytic processing after rho-dependent termination. Mott JE; Galloway JL; Platt T EMBO J 4: 1887-91 (1985) The mature 3' end of Escherichia coli tryptophan operon mRNA in vivo coincides with a site (trp t) having features commonly associated with rho-independent terminators in bacteria. Efficient generatio85284983 Incompatibility mutants of IncFII plasmid NR1 and their effect on replication control. Wu RP; Womble DD; Rownd RH J Bacteriol 163: 973-82 (1985) DNA from the replication control region of plasmid NR1 or of the Inc- copy mutant pRR12 was cloned into a pBR322 vector plasmid. These pBR322 derivatives were mutagenized in vitro with hydroxylamine a85289044 RNA polymerase pausing and transcript release at the lambda tR1 terminator in vitro. Lau LF; Roberts JW; Wu R J Biol Chem 258: 9391-7 (1983) Transcription of the lambda rightward operon encounters multiple tandem p-dependent termination sites at a region known as tR1, yielding the mRNA for the lytic repressor cro. We show that in the absen83265739 Modulation of c-myb transcription in autoimmune disease by cyclophosphamide. Mountz JD; Mushinski JF; Smith HR; Klinman DM; Steinberg AD J Immunol 135: 2417-22 (1985) This study explores the relationship between autoimmunity and the myb proto-oncogene, a gene important for T cell development. The lpr/lpr mice had very large amounts of myb RNA in the lymph node (LN)85290804 Expression of Sindbis virus structural proteins via recombinant vaccinia virus: synthesis, processing, and incorporation into mature Sindbis virions. Rice CM; Franke CA; Strauss JH; Hruby DE J Virol 56: 227-39 (1985) We have obtained a vaccinia virus recombinant which contains a complete cDNA copy of the 26S RNA of Sindbis virus within the thymidine kinase gene of the vaccinia virus genome. This recombinant consti85293226 Adenovirus early region 4 encodes functions required for efficient DNA replication, late gene expression, and host cell shutoff. Halbert DN; Cutt JR; Shenk T J Virol 56: 250-7 (1985) To delineate the function of adenovirus early region 4 (E4) gene products, we constructed a set of mutant viruses which carry defined lesions within this coding region. Deletion and insertion mutation85293229 E. coli RNA polymerase promoters on superhelical SV40 DNA are highly selective targets for chemical modification. Hale P; Woodward RS; Lebowitz J Nature 284: 640-4 (1980) 80165545 Identification of ribosomal protein S7 as a repressor of translation within the str operon of E. coli. Dean D; Yates JL; Nomura M Cell 24: 413-9 (1981) A DNA-directed in vitro protein-synthesizing system was used to demonstrate that r protein S7 has the capacity to inhibit the translation of mRNA for the second and third gene products of the str oper81210221 A phage repressor-operator complex at 7 A resolution. Anderson JE; Ptashne M; Harrison SC Nature 316: 596-601 (1985) The crystal structure of a complex between the DNA-binding domain of phage 434 repressor and a synthetic 434 operator shows that the protein, very similar in conformation to gamma repressor, binds to 85296278 Changing the binding specificity of a repressor by redesigning an alpha-helix. Wharton RP; Ptashne M Nature 316: 601-5 (1985) We replaced amino acids on the 'outside', or solvent-exposed, surface of the DNA recognition alpha-helix of 434 repressor with the corresponding amino acids from the recognition helix of P22 repressor85296279 Ethylation interference and X-ray crystallography identify similar interactions between 434 repressor and operator. Bushman FD; Anderson JE; Harrison SC; Ptashne M Nature 316: 651-3 (1985) In the crystal structure of a repressor-operator complex (the 434 repressor DNA-binding domain and its 14-base pair (bp) operator), Anderson et al. elsewhere in this issue identify six positions of li85296289 Genetic analysis of a temperature-sensitive Salmonella typhimurium rho mutant with an altered rho-associated polycytidylate-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity. Housley PR; Leavitt AD; Whitfield HJ J Bacteriol 147: 13-24 (1981) A conditional-lethal rho mutant of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 has been isolated. The mutation was selected as a suppressor of the polarity of an insertion sequence (IS)2-induced mutation (gal3) carrie81215325 n' Protein activator sites of plasmid pBR322 are not essential for its DNA replication. Van der Ende A; Teertstra R; Weisbeek PJ J Mol Biol 167: 751-6 (1983) The lagging strand DNA synthesis of the Escherichia coli bacterial chromosome and plasmids is thought to be initiated by the mobile promotor, the primosome. This primosome is assembled at a specific s83268687 Family of developmentally regulated, maternally expressed Drosophila RNA species detected by a v-myc probe. Madhavan K; Bilodeau-Wentworth D; Wadsworth SC Mol Cell Biol 5: 7-16 (1985) Drosophila melanogaster genomic sequences that hybridize with v-myc have been reported (B.-Z. Shilo and R. A. Weinberg, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78:6789-6792, 1981). We have detected Drosophila R85163489 Construction of plasmids that produce phage P22 repressor. Poteete AR; Roberts TM Gene 13: 153-61 (1981) In a series of plasmid constructions, the c2 (repressor) gene of phage P22 was cloned in a multicopy plasmid and expressed at increasing level. The final result of these constructions is a plasmid tha81213474 [Slow elimination of damaged bases from liver DNA of gamma-irradiated old mice] Gaziev AI; Malakhova LV; Fomenko LA Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 257: 725-8 (1981) 81211649 Evidence that a nucleotide sequence, "boxA," is involved in the action of the NusA protein. Friedman DI; Olson ER Cell 34: 143-9 (1983) We report the isolation of a mutation, boxA1, in the nutR region of the phage lambda genome. The nutR region, located downstream of the pR promoter, includes the site nutR where the lambda N protein i83285336 Structure of wild-type and mutant repressors and of the control region of the rbt operon of Klebsiella aerogenes. Wu J; Anderton-Loviny T; Smith CA; Hartley BS EMBO J 4: 1339-44 (1985) Pentitol metabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes is encoded by continuous ribitol (rbt) and D-arabitol (dal) operons transcribed in bipolar fashion and sandwiched between long stretches of homologous DNA. 85230591 Site-specific DNA binding by the bacteriophage SP01-encoded type II DNA-binding protein. Greene JR; Geiduschek EP EMBO J 4: 1345-9 (1985) The bacteriophage SP01 genome encodes a virus-specific type II DNA-binding protein, TF1. The bacterial proteins of this ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved class are thought to bind non-specifical85230592 Nucleotide sequence binding specificity of the LexA repressor of Escherichia coli K-12. Wertman KF; Mount DW J Bacteriol 163: 376-84 (1985) The specificity of LexA protein binding was investigated by quantifying the repressibility of several mutant recA and lexA operator-promoter regions fused to the Escherichia coli galactokinase (galK) 85234388 Relation between UV suppression of polarity in phi X174 and UV sensitivity of rho mutants. Fassler JS; Tessman I J Virol 37: 955-62 (1981) The suppression of polarity by UV irradiation was similar to the suppression by rho mutants. This was demonstrated for a polar nonsense mutant of phage phi X174. Treatment of the host for 30 min with 81194931 A repressor (MAT alpha 2 Product) and its operator control expression of a set of cell type specific genes in yeast. Johnson AD; Herskowitz I Cell 42: 237-47 (1985) The product of the yeast MAT alpha 2 gene, alpha 2 protein, negatively regulates expression of a class of yeast cell type specific genes, the a-specific genes. In this paper we show that alpha 2 is a 85254924 A split binding site for transcription factor tau on the tRNA3Glu gene. Camier S; Gabrielsen O; Baker R; Sentenac A EMBO J 4: 491-500 (1985) Yeast transcription factor tau forms a stable complex with tRNA genes. Using this property, the factor could be highly purified on a specific tDNA column. The purified factor was found by DNA footprin85257480 Two functional domains conserved in major and alternate bacterial sigma factors. Stragier P; Parsot C; Bouvier J FEBS Lett 187: 11-5 (1985) Sequences of the sigma factors of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were aligned with the sequences of two sigma-like proteins, HtpR, involved in the expression of heat-shock genes in E. coli, an85258065 Feedback regulation of ribosomal protein synthesis in E. coli: localization of the mRNA target sites for repressor action of ribosomal protein L1. Yates JL; Nomura M Cell 24: 243-9 (1981) E. coli ribosomal protein L1 is a translational repressor of the synthesis in vitro of both proteins encoded in the L11 operon (L11 and L1). L1 is shown to act at a single target site within the first81210189 Different mechanisms of synthesis of complete and incomplete influenza virus transcripts in infected cells. Staroff A; Bukrinskaya A Arch Virol 67: 105-10 (1981) Two types of transcripts, incomplete (polyadenylated virus-specific mRNAs) and complete (presumably templates for progeny virus replication) are synthesized in influenza virus infected cells (3). The 81206668 The primary structure of the DeoR repressor from Escherichia coli K-12. Valentin-Hansen P; Hojrup P; Short S Nucleic Acids Res 13: 5927-36 (1985) The nucleotide sequence of the deoR gene of E. coli, which codes for the DeoR repressor, has been determined. This gene codes for a polypeptide that is 252 amino acids residues in length. Computer-ass85297787 Studies on the regulation and function of the Klebsiella pneumoniae ntrA gene. Merrick MJ; Stewart WD Gene 35: 297-303 (1985) The ntrA gene from Klebsiella pneumoniae has been cloned and the product identified as a 76-kDal acidic polypeptide. An ntrA::lacZ fusion was used to demonstrate that expression of ntrA is not control86006279 Vitellogenin gene expression in male Xenopus hepatocytes during primary and secondary stimulation with estrogen in cell cultures. Searle PF; Tata JR Cell 23: 741-6 (1981) Primary cultures of male Xenopus liver parenchymal cells that retained their competence to respond to estrogen were used to study the hormone-induced activation of the vitellogenin gene in vitro. The 81186274 Nucleotide sequence of the birA gene encoding the biotin operon repressor and biotin holoenzyme synthetase functions of Escherichia coli. Howard PK; Shaw J; Otsuka AJ Gene 35: 321-31 (1985) A 2.2-kb region of DNA containing the birA gene of Escherichia coli has been sequenced. The birA gene sequence predicts a 35.3-kDal [321 amino acids (aa)] bifunctional protein containing biotin-operon86006282 The bacteriophage P22 arc and mnt repressors. Overproduction, purification, and properties. Vershon AK; Youderian P; Susskind MM; Sauer RT J Biol Chem 260: 12124-9 (1985) The arc and mnt genes of bacteriophage P22 encode small repressor proteins. We have cloned these genes onto plasmids that overproduce Arc and Mnt to greater than 1% of the soluble cellular protein. Bo86008275 The activation of specific gene transcription in the adipose conversion of 3T3 cells. Djian P; Phillips M; Green H J Cell Physiol 124: 554-6 (1985) During the adipose conversion of 3T3 cells, there occur sequential changes in cellular protein and mRNA composition. To determine if there are also changes in transcription, we have studied the transc86008561 Tetranitromethane modification of the tyrosine residues of the lactose repressor. Hsieh WT; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 256: 4856-62 (1981) Repressor protein modified with N-ethylmaleimide has been used to determine the exclusive effects of tyrosine nitration by tetranitromethane. Since modification of proteins with tetranitromethane gene81191875 Unfolding of the lac-repressor headpiece. Vucelic V; Vucelic D; Bray RP; Jardetzky O FEBS Lett 124: 204-6 (1981) 81189117 Transplantation of insect giant chromosome nuclei into amphibian oocytes. Grossbach U; Streichhan I Chromosoma 82: 189-96 (1981) Polytene salivary gland nuclei of Chironomus pallidivittatus were transplanted into oocytes of Xenopus laevis which were then cultured in vitro for 18 h. The giant chromosomes and nucleoli as well as 81187749 Thermal denaturation of the core protein of lac repressor. Manly SP; Matthews KS; Sturtevant JM Biochemistry 24: 3842-6 (1985) The thermal denaturation of the core protein of lac repressor was studied alone and in the presence of the inducer isopropyl beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) and the antiinducer o-nitrophenyl beta-D-fuco86026213 Overproduction and purification of initiation factor IF2 and pNUSA proteins from a recombinant plasmid bearing strain. Dondon J; Plumbridge JA; Hershey JW; Grunberg-Manago M Biochimie 67: 643-9 (1985) The genes for translational initiation factor, IF2 and pNusA have been cloned into a plasmid vector where they are placed under the control of the inducible lambdapL promoter and the c1857 thermosensi86026498 Assembly and propagation of repressed and depressed chromosomal states. Weintraub H Cell 42: 705-11 (1985) 86028167 Onset of 5 S RNA gene regulation during Xenopus embryogenesis. Wormington WM; Brown DD Dev Biol 99: 248-57 (1983) The transcription of 5 S RNA genes during oogenesis results in the storage of sufficient 5 S RNA in ribosomes to support subsequent embryogenesis. Xenopus oocytes of all stages synthesize oocyte-type 84005485 Alternative conformations of the ColE1 replication primer modulate its interaction with RNA I. Wong EM; Polisky B Cell 42: 959-66 (1985) Replication of the ColE1 plasmid is regulated by the interaction of its primer RNA with a small countertranscript (RNA I) that acts as a repressor of functional primer formation. The interaction is de86028192 Dependence of hepatocyte-specific gene expression on cell-cell interactions in primary culture. Fraslin JM; Kneip B; Vaulont S; Glaise D; Munnich A; Guguen-Guillouzo C EMBO J 4: 2487-91 (1985) In co-culture with non-parenchymal liver epithelial cells, rat hepatocytes show a marked increase in albumin and total protein synthesis when compared with cells maintained as pure populations in whic86030224 Specific interaction of cellular factors with the B enhancer of polyoma virus. Piette J; Kryszke MH; Yaniv M EMBO J 4: 2675-85 (1985) Specific interactions between proteins from mouse 3T6 cells and the enhancer sequence of polyoma virus were detected using the method of band shifting on polyacrylamide gels. Proteins eluted from 3T6 86030249 Preliminary identification of the secondary structure of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli. Lane AN; Jardetzky O Eur J Biochem 152: 405-9 (1985) The probable secondary structure content of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli has been inferred from NMR and circular dichroic measurements; the results are compared with those of prediction alg86030282 Identification of surface residues in the trp repressor of Escherichia coli. Lane AN; Jardetzky O Eur J Biochem 152: 411-8 (1985) A subset of the spin systems assigned in the 1H NMR spectrum of the trp repressor in the first paper in this series (our penultimate preceding paper in this journal) can be identified as surface or bu86030283 Escherichia coli Rho factor is involved in lysis of bacteriophage T4-infected cells. Linder CH; Carlson K Genetics 111: 197-218 (1985) A Rid (Rho interaction deficient) phenotype of bacteriophage T4 mutants was defined by cold-sensitive restriction (lack of plaque formation) on rho+ hosts carrying additional polar mutations in unrela86031298 Stabilities of avian sarcoma virus RNAs: comparison of subgenomic and genomic species with cellular mRNAs. Stoltzfus CM; Dimock K; Horikami S; Ficht TA J Gen Virol 64 (Pt 10): 2191-202 (1983) The stabilities of B77 avian sarcoma virus intracellular RNAs were compared to the stability of the total cellular poly(A)-containing RNA by labelling infected chicken embryo fibroblasts with [3H]urid84009692 Hydrogen exchange in hydrated films of proteins. Application to the E. coli lac repressor core. Pilet J; Szabo AG; Maurizot JC Biophys Chem 12: 279-84 (1980) An original easy method of hydrogen to deuterium exchange in hydrated films of proteins, followed by infrared absorption measurements, is described and applied to films of the E. coli lac repressor co81184836 Revised transcription map of the late region of bacteriophage T7 DNA. Carter AD; Morris CE; McAllister WT J Virol 37: 636-42 (1981) The genes in the late region of the bacteriophage T7 genome are transcribed by a phage-specified RNA polymerase in two temporal classes (II and III). Through the use of an agarose-formaldehyde gel sys81170757 Nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor induce rapid transient changes in proto-oncogene transcription in PC12 cells. Greenberg ME; Greene LA; Ziff EB J Biol Chem 260: 14101-10 (1985) Nerve growth factor (NGF) promotes neuronal differentiation of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. We show here that within 5 min after its addition, NGF transiently stimulates c-fos proto-oncogene and actin86033891 Mechanisms of nucleolar dominance in animals and plants. Reeder RH J Cell Biol 101: 2013-6 (1985) 86034178 Differential induction of glucose-regulated and heat shock proteins: effects of pH and sulfhydryl-reducing agents on chicken embryo cells. Whelan SA; Hightower LE J Cell Physiol 125: 251-8 (1985) Glucose-regulated and heat shock proteins are two subsets of eukaryotic stress proteins that can be induced differentially, simultaneously, and reciprocally. Two new inducers, low extracellular pH and86034189 Profiles of steady state levels of messenger RNAs coding for type I procollagen, elastin, and fibronectin in hamster lungs undergoing bleomycin-induced interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Raghow R; Lurie S; Seyer JM; Kang AH J Clin Invest 76: 1733-9 (1985) We have characterized the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) coding for procollagen alpha 1(I), elastin, fibronectin, and actin in the lungs of Syrian golden hamsters by Northern blot analyses. While elastin, fib86034624 The three-dimensional structure of trp repressor. Schevitz RW; Otwinowski Z; Joachimiak A; Lawson CL; Sigler PB Nature 317: 782-6 (1985) The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli trp repressor has been solved to atomic resolution. The dimeric protein has a remarkable subunit interface in which five of each subunit's six helices are86040444 Structure and transcription of the Drosophila mulleri alcohol dehydrogenase genes. Fischer JA; Maniatis T Nucleic Acids Res 13: 6899-917 (1985) The D. melanogaster Adh gene is transcribed from two different promoters; a proximal (larval) promoter is active during late embryonic and larval stages, and a distal (adult) promoter is active primar86041886 The nucleotide sequence of the yeast MEL1 gene. Liljestrom PL Nucleic Acids Res 13: 7257-68 (1985) The complete nucleotide sequence of the MEL1 gene of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encoding alpha-galactosidase was determined. The nucleotide sequence contains an open reading frame of 1413 bp86041913 Escherichia coli integration host factor inhibits the NusA stimulation of RNA polymerase sigma subunit synthesis in vitro. Peacock S; Weissbach H Arch Biochem Biophys 243: 315-9 (1985) As reported previously, Integration Host Factor (IHF) stimulates cII expression but the stimulatory effect is prevented by the NusA protein (Peacock and Weissbach, 1985, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.86049437 1H NMR studies of lambda cro repressor. 1. Selective optimization of two-dimensional relayed coherence transfer spectroscopy. Weber PL; Drobny G; Reid BR Biochemistry 24: 4549-52 (1985) Two-dimensional relayed coherence transfer NMR spectroscopy (RELAY) has been used to corroborate side chain spin system identities in crowded regions of the 1H NMR spectrum of the lambda cro repressor86051482 1H NMR studies of lambda cro repressor. 2. Sequential resonance assignments of the 1H NMR spectrum. Weber PL; Wemmer DE; Reid BR Biochemistry 24: 4553-62 (1985) The cro repressor protein from bacteriophage lambda has been studied in solution by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (2D NMR). Following the approach of Wuthrich and co-workers 86051483 Computer modeling studies of the structure of a repressor. Anderson WF; Cygler M Biosystems 18: 3-14 (1985) Due to advances in molecular biology the DNA sequences of structural genes coding for proteins are often known before a protein is characterized or even isolated. The function of a protein whose amino86051809 Two mutations that alter the regulatory activity of E. coli recA protein. Roberts JW; Roberts CW Nature 290: 422-4 (1981) The Escherichia coli recA gene product is both a direct participant and a central regulatory element in important processes of DNA repair, including one that is probably responsible for all radiation 81173043 [Crystals of a nonspecific complex of cro-repressor with DNA] Malinina LV; Makhaldiani VV; Vainshtein BK; Kirpichnikov MP; Skriabin KG Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 284: 229-32 (1985) 86055289 Two DNA-binding proteins [news] Davies D Nature 290: 736-7 (1981) 81173105 Studies on deo operon regulation in Escherichia coli: cloning and expression of the cytR structural gene. Barbier CS; Short SA Gene 36: 37-44 (1985) The structural gene that encodes one repressor (the cytR-encoded repressor) of the Escherichia coli deo operon has been cloned from a lambda dmet transducing phage into the multicopy plasmid pBR322 by86056958 Nucleotide sequence of the immunity region of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi 105: identification of the repressor gene and its mRNA and protein products. Cully DF; Garro AJ Gene 38: 153-64 (1985) A gene involved in the regulation of lysogeny in the temperate Bacillus subtilis phage phi 105 has been identified and isolated. A plasmid, pDC4, was constructed that contains a 740-bp HindIII-PvuII f86056972 F'-coded, temperature-sensitive lambda cI857 repressor gene for easy construction and regulation of lambda promoter-dependent expression systems. Mieschendahl M; Muller-Hill B J Bacteriol 164: 1366-9 (1985) We describe the construction and properties of an F' factor which carries the temperature-sensitive cI857 allele of the repressor gene of coliphage lambda and which lacks the lambda cro function. This86059239 Ligand-mediated conformational changes in Trp repressor protein of Escherichia coli probed through limited proteolysis and the use of specific antibodies. Tsapakos MJ; Haydock PV; Hermodson M; Somerville RL J Biol Chem 260: 16383-94 (1985) Trp repressor of Escherichia coli K-12 is a dimeric protein (monomer size, 108 amino acids) that acquires high affinity for certain operator targets in double-stranded DNA upon interaction with L-tryp86059553 Role of RNA transcripts in replication incompatibility and copy number control in antibiotic resistance plasmid derivatives. Rosen J; Ryder T; Ohtsubo H; Ohtsubo E Nature 290: 794-7 (1981) The genes required for autonomous replication and incompatibility in the antibiotic resistance plasmids R100 and R1 have been located within a 2.5-kilobase region of the 90-kilobase genome, within whi81173118 The pleiotropic ts15 mutation of E. coli is an IS1 insertion in the rho structural gene. Gulletta E; Das A; Adhya S Genetics 105: 265-80 (1983) Rho protein regulates transcription termination in E. coli. Some of the temperature-sensitive mutants defective in Rho protein, e.g., ts15, show remarkable pleiotropic phenotypes. The ts mutations map84029841 Cloning and expression of the pnd gene of R16: determination of transcriptional direction and evolutionary analysis. Sakikawa T; Akimoto S; Ohnishi Y Microbiol Immunol 29: 791-801 (1985) The gene promoting nucleic-acid degradation (pnd) of IncB plasmid R16 was cloned into the vector plasmid pACYC177. The pnd gene was found to be located on a 0.55-kilobase (kb) AluI-PstI fragment by co86064959 Functional inferences from crystals of Escherichia coli trp repressor. Joachimiak A; Schevitz RW; Kelley RL; Yanofsky C; Sigler PB J Biol Chem 258: 12641-3 (1983) We have reproducibly grown crystals of L-tryptophan . trp aporepressor and indole-3-propionate . trp aporepressor complexes from Escherichia coli which are suitable for x-ray diffraction analysis. The84032459 Regulation of the trfA and trfB promoters of broad host range plasmid RK2: identification of sequences essential for regulation by trfB/korA/korD. Theophilus BD; Cross MA; Smith CA; Thomas CM Nucleic Acids Res 13: 8129-42 (1985) Using a plasmid containing a transcriptional fusion in which the E.coli galK gene is expressed from the trfB promoter of broad host range plasmid RK2 we show that transcription from the trfB promoter 86067222 Control of expression of the Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance genes. Equilibrium and kinetic investigation of the regulatory reactions. Hillen W; Gatz C; Altschmied L; Schollmeier K; Meier I J Mol Biol 169: 707-21 (1983) The transposon Tn10-encoded TET repressor controls the expression of tetracycline resistance as well as its own synthesis. The antibiotic tetracycline functions as an inducer for both genes, which are84036175 Identification of a Tn5 determinant conferring resistance to phleomycins, bleomycins, and tallysomycins. Collis CM; Hall RM Plasmid 14: 143-51 (1985) Tn5 conferred resistance to the related antibiotics, phleomycins, bleomycins, and tallysomycins in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. For pure phleomycins the level of resistance was influen86068507 Systematic variation in DNA length yields highly ordered repressor-operator cocrystals. Jordan SR; Whitcombe TV; Berg JM; Pabo CO Science 230: 1383-5 (1985) Crystals have been grown that contain the operator-binding domain of the lambda repressor and the lambda operator site OL1. Crystallization conditions were tested with a set of DNA fragments, ranging 86070223 Changes in liver-specific compared to common gene transcription during primary culture of mouse hepatocytes. Clayton DF; Darnell JE Jr Mol Cell Biol 3: 1552-61 (1983) Liver-specific mRNA sequences were examined in primary cultures of mouse hepatocytes. After cell disaggregation by collagenase treatment and for at least 24 h in culture, little change in liver-specif84039484 GCN4 protein, synthesized in vitro, binds HIS3 regulatory sequences: implications for general control of amino acid biosynthetic genes in yeast. Hope IA; Struhl K Cell 43: 177-88 (1985) The yeast GCN4 gene product is necessary for the transcriptional induction of many amino acid biosynthetic genes in response to conditions of amino acid starvation. We synthesized radioactively pure G86079487 Cloning and physical mapping of the glnA gene of Escherichia coli K-12. Covarrubias AA; Rocha M; Bolivar F; Bastarrachea F Gene 11: 239-51 (1980) We have isolated part of the glnA region of Escherichia coli K-12 as a 6.4 Md DNA fragment on the ColE1 hybrid plasmid pACR1. DNA fragments from pACR1 obtained by cleavage with certain restriction end81165531 Timing of transcription and protein synthesis underlying morphogenesis in preimplantation mouse embryos. Kidder GM; McLachlin JR Dev Biol 112: 265-75 (1985) During preimplantation development of the mouse, embryos pass through a series of morphogenetic events: compaction, fluid accumulation to form the blastocoele (cavitation), and escape from the zona pe86082718 Increasing and decreasing protein stability: effects of revertant substitutions on the thermal denaturation of phage lambda repressor. Hecht MH; Hehir KM; Nelson HC; Sturtevant JM; Sauer RT J Cell Biochem 29: 217-24 (1985) The thermal denaturations of five revertant lambda repressors containing single amino acid substitutions in their N-terminal domains have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Two substit86086154 Transcriptional regulation of a periodically controlled flagellar gene operon in Caulobacter crescentus. Ohta N; Chen LS; Swanson E; Newton A J Mol Biol 186: 107-15 (1985) Temporal regulation of flagellar gene expression in Caulobacter crescentus has been examined by a detailed analysis of the flbG-flaJ-flbH-flaK hook operon. The approximate location of the promoter for86089096 Phage lambda repressor revertants. Amino acid substitutions that restore activity to mutant proteins. Hecht MH; Sauer RT J Mol Biol 186: 53-63 (1985) We have isolated same-site and second-site revertants that restore partial activity, wild-type activity, or greater than wild-type activity, to lambda repressor proteins bearing different mutations in86089114 The relationship of regulatory proteins and DNase I hypersensitive sites in the yeast GAL1-10 genes. Lohr D; Hopper JE Nucleic Acids Res 13: 8409-23 (1985) We have used yeast strains containing a disrupted positive (GAL4) and/or a disrupted negative (GAL80) regulatory gene to investigate the relationship of these regulatory proteins to the hypersensitive86093651 [Multi-mixing technique] Shimamoto N Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 25: 214-7 (1985) 86095251 [Role of the promoter in transcription] Ishihama A; Tachibana H Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 25: 90-101 (1985) 86095284 Processed pseudogenes: characteristics and evolution. Vanin EF Annu Rev Genet 19: 253-72 (1985) The processed pseudogenes reported to date fall into three categories: those that are a complete copy of the mRNA transcribed from the functional gene, those that are only a partial copy of the corres86101962 Regulation of methionine synthesis in Escherichia coli: effect of metJ gene product and S-adenosylmethionine on the in vitro expression of the metB, metL and metJ genes. Shoeman R; Coleman T; Redfield B; Greene RC; Smith AA; Saint-Girons I; Brot N; Weissbach H Biochem Biophys Res Commun 133: 731-9 (1985) The regulation of the expression of three Escherichia coli met genes, metB, which codes for cystathionine gamma-synthetase (EC 4.2.99.9), metL, which codes for aspartokinase II-homoserine dehydrogenas86103348 Determination of protein structures from nuclear magnetic resonance data using a restrained molecular dynamics approach: the lac repressor DNA binding domain. Zuiderweg ER; Scheek RM; Boelens R; van Gunsteren WF; Kaptein R Biochimie 67: 707-15 (1985) A procedure is described to determine from NMR data the three-dimensional structure of biomolecules. This procedure combines model building with a restrained Molecular Dynamics algorithm, in which dis86104439 Effect of mic gene structure on repressor activity in the OmpA system. Green PJ; Mitchell C; Inouye M Biochimie 67: 763-7 (1985) It has been previously established that micRNA (mRNA-interfering complementary RNA) complementary to an individual mRNA specifically represses the expression of the target mRNA. We have constructed se86104445 Changing the DNA-binding specificity of a repressor. Youderian P; Vershon A; Bouvier S; Sauer RT; Susskind MM Cell 35: 777-83 (1983) The Mnt repressor of Salmonella phage P22 recognizes a 17 base pair operator. We constructed an Mnt binding site with two symmetric operator-constitutive mutations. We then selected Mnt mutants that h84082103 [Expression of MMTV proviruses in lymphopoietic organs of C3H Bi mice] Devaux B; Lidereau R; Gros D; Crepin M C R Acad Sci [III] 301: 763-6 (1985) We show that transcription of MMTV proviruses takes place in lymphopoietic tissues (spleen, thymus) of C3H Bi mice, a strain with high incidence of tumors. This transcription is found in the spleen of86105382 Thermodynamic origins of specificity in the lac repressor-operator interaction. Adaptability in the recognition of mutant operator sites. Mossing MC; Record MT Jr J Mol Biol 186: 295-305 (1985) A system has been developed for facile generation and characterization of mutant lac operator sites, free of competing pseudo operator sequences. The interaction of lac repressor with these sites has 86115272 Specificity of the interaction between lambda cro repressor protein and operator DNA fragments. Lee SJ; Shirakawa M; Akutsu H; Kyogoku Y; Shiraishi M; Kitano M; Shin M; Ohtsuka E; Ikehara M Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 405 Suppl 1: 33-6 (1985) Cro repressor protein is known to interact with specific sites in the operator DNA. The cro protein of lambda phage was isolated and the mode of its interaction with three different DNA fragment, lamb86120440 Two-dimensional 1H-nmr studies on the lac repressor DNA binding domain: further resonance assignments and identification of nuclear Overhauser enhancements. Zuiderweg ER; Scheek RM; Kaptein R Biopolymers 24: 2257-77 (1985) 86131907 Structural analysis of a triple complex between the histone octamer, a Xenopus gene for 5S RNA and transcription factor IIIA. Rhodes D EMBO J 4: 3473-82 (1985) This paper reports three experiments concerning the structural relationship between the Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA), the histone octamer and the Xenopus somatic gene for 5S RNA. Quantit86135986 E. coli recA protein-directed cleavage of phage lambda repressor requires polynucleotide. Craig NL; Roberts JW Nature 283: 26-30 (1980) The recA protein mediates both genetic recombination and several cellular responses to DNA damage, including the induction of temperate bacteriophage. Indication of phage lambda results from proteolyt80078168 High-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the Lac repressor. 3. Unfolding of the Lac repressor headpiece. Wemmer D; Ribeiro AA; Bray RP; Wade-Jardetzky NG; Jardetzky O Biochemistry 20: 829-33 (1981) At temperatures below 20 degrees C, the lac repressor headpiece (N-terminal amino acids 1--51) has a well-defined structure which is independent of ionic strength. Its unfolding with increasing temper81160688 Insulin responsiveness of a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma culture in the expression of two proliferation-derived cytoplasmic proteins. Papaphilis AD Int J Biochem 17: 1299-305 (1985) Insulin induced in organ culture of a mouse mammary adenocarcinoma the expression of two cytoplasmic proteins of molecular size 72 and 49 kD. In freshly excised tumor both proteins are present in rela86136892 Rapid repeated cloning of mutant lac repressor genes. Schaaper RM; Danforth BN; Glickman BW Gene 39: 181-9 (1985) We have developed a procedure to efficiently recover lac repressor mutations (lacI-) from F'lac onto a single-stranded M13 phage vector. The recovery is based on homologous recombination between F'lac86137386 DNA-RNA polymerase complexes associated with the membrane from bacteriophage T2- or T4-infected Escherichia coli. I. General properties. Haarr L; Nygaard AP Biochim Biophys Acta 610: 248-60 (1980) Properties of DNA-RNA polymerase complexes, apparently bound to a fraction of the cell membrane of bacteriophage T2- or T4-infected Escherichia coli, are described. Evidence is presented to show that 81160722 Transcripts regulated during normal embryonic development and oncogenic transformation share a repetitive element. Murphy D; Brickell PM; Latchman DS; Willison K; Rigby PW Cell 35: 865-71 (1983) We have previously isolated cDNA clones homologous to mRNAs present at elevated levels in transformed mouse fibroblasts. Clones of Set 1 contain a dispersed repetitive element present thousands of tim84082112 Actin genes in Xenopus and their developmental control. Gurdon JB; Mohun TJ; Brennan S; Cascio S J Embryol Exp Morphol 89 Suppl: 125-36 (1985) The results summarized here have established the temporal and regional activation of three kinds of Xenopus actin genes. The cardiac and skeletal muscle actin genes are among the first cell-type-speci86170292 Sequence-specific resonance assignments in the 1H nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectrum of the lac repressor DNA-binding domain 1-51 from Escherichia coli by two-dimensional spectroscopy. Zuiderweg ER; Kaptein R; Wuthrich K Eur J Biochem 137: 279-92 (1983) The assignment of the 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of the DNA-binding domain 1-51 of lac repressor from Escherichia coli is described and documented. The assignments are based entirely84084612 Stabilization of a specific nuclear mRNA precursor by thyroid hormone. Narayan P; Towle HC Mol Cell Biol 5: 2642-6 (1985) The regulation of a thyroid hormone-responsive gene in rats, designated spot 14, was explored. The expression of this gene in liver is rapidly (less than 10 min) and markedly (greater than 10-fold) al86284624 Nonspecific binding of lac repressor to DNA. I. An absorption and circular dichroism study. Charlier M; Maurizot JC Biophys Chem 18: 303-11 (1983) Nonspecific binding of lac repressor on DNA has been studied by absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies. In a first step, the complex formation is accompanied by an absorption difference84105063 Stimulation of sea urchin H2B histone gene transcription by a chromatin-associated protein fraction depends on gene sequences downstream of the transcription start site. Mous J; Stunnenberg H; Georgiev O; Birnstiel ML Mol Cell Biol 5: 2764-9 (1985) We isolated a chromosomal protein fraction derived from chromatin of sea urchin embryos which specifically stimulated the expression of the histone H2B gene by a factor of 5- to 10-fold when the compl86284638 Novel method for identifying sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Levens D; Howley PM Mol Cell Biol 5: 2307-15 (1985) We developed a general method for the enrichment and identification of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. A well-characterized protein-DNA interaction is used to isolate from crude cellular extra86284673 Regulation of fatty acid degradation in Escherichia coli: dominance studies with strains merodiploid in gene fadR. Simons RW; Hughes KT; Nunn WD J Bacteriol 143: 726-30 (1980) Strains stably merodiploid in the 25-min region of the chromosome of Escherichia coli were constructed and used in dominance tests between various wild-type and mutant alleles of the fadR gene. Wherea81142088 Virus deletion mutants that affect a 3' splice site in the E3 transcription unit of adenovirus 2. Bhat BM; Brady HA; Wold WS Mol Cell Biol 5: 2405-13 (1985) Five viable virus mutants were constructed with deletions near a 3' splice site located at nucleotide 2157 in the E3 transcription unit of adenovirus 2. The mutants were examined for splicing activity86284684 Photochemical cross-linking of cap binding proteins to eucaryotic mRNAs: effect of mRNA 5' secondary structure. Pelletier J; Sonenberg N Mol Cell Biol 5: 3222-30 (1985) We used UV light-induced cross-linking to study the interactions of cap binding proteins with the 5' cap structure of eucaryotic mRNAs. Thymidine kinase gene (herpes simplex virus type 1) transcripts 86310792 Transformation of cultured Drosophila melanogaster cells with a dominant selectable marker. Rio DC; Rubin GM Mol Cell Biol 5: 1833-8 (1985) We have developed a method for the stable and efficient introduction of foreign DNA into Drosophila melanogaster tissue culture cells. A plasmid vector was constructed that carries the bacterial neomy86310853 Regulation of adenovirus-2 gene expression at the level of transcriptional termination and RNA processing. Nevins JR; Wilson MC Nature 290: 113-8 (1981) The major late adenovirus-2 transcription unit is active early in infection at a rate equal to that of the other early transcription units. However, transcripts seem to terminate early in infection ne81148811 Isolation of a functional exuR-repressor-beta-galactosidase hybrid protein by use of in vitro gene fusions. Mata-Gilsinger M; Ritzenthaler P Gene 25: 9-20 (1983) The exuR regulatory gene of Escherichia coli codes for a repressor molecule that controls negatively the expression of the exu regulon genes involved in the hexuronate degradation. The exuR gene was f84109551 Molecular cloning of cDNA for human von Willebrand factor: authentication by a new method. Lynch DC; Zimmerman TS; Collins CJ; Brown M; Morin MJ; Ling EH; Livingston DM Cell 41: 49-56 (1985) We have identified a 2.4 kb partial cDNA clone (pDL34) for human von Willebrand factor (vWf) mRNA. pDL34 was selected by screening an endothelial cell cDNA library with a radiolabeled reverse transcri85201687 Control of gene expression in muscle development. Heywood SM; Thibault MC; Siegel E Cell Muscle Motil 3: 157-93 (1983) 84156164 Serum and thyroid hormones T3 and T4 regulate nerve growth factor mRNA levels in mouse L cells. Wion D; Barrand P; Dicou E; Scott J; Brachet P FEBS Lett 189: 37-41 (1985) Mouse L cells synthesize and secrete a neurotrophic factor related to the beta subunit of the submaxillary gland nerve growth factor (NGF) of male mice. Use of a cDNA probe which encodes the beta-NGF 85285625 Salmonella typhimurium proP gene encodes a transport system for the osmoprotectant betaine. Cairney J; Booth IR; Higgins CF J Bacteriol 164: 1218-23 (1985) Betaine (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) can be accumulated to high intracellular concentrations and serves an important osmoprotective function in enteric bacteria. We found that the proP gene of Salmonella 86059216 Nucleotide sequence from the neurogenic locus notch implies a gene product that shares homology with proteins containing EGF-like repeats. Wharton KA; Johansen KM; Xu T; Artavanis-Tsakonas S Cell 43: 567-81 (1985) The primary structure of the major embryonic Notch transcript is presented, as determined by sequence analysis of overlapping cDNA clones. The 10,148 bp sequence corresponding to this transcript posse86079539 Evidence for the presence of cAMP, cAMP receptor and transcription termination factor rho in different gram-negative bacteria. Biville F; Guiso N J Gen Microbiol 131 ( Pt 11): 2953-60 (1985) Cyclic AMP has been shown to be present in 12 different Gram-negative bacteria and the regulation of its concentration, as a function of growth conditions, is similar to that described for Escherichia86142615 [Silver staining observation on the nucleolar organizer regions of chromosomes in adenocarcinoma patients] Wang GH Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih 63: 676-9 (1983) 84204980 Many gene-regulatory proteins appear to have a similar alpha-helical fold that binds DNA and evolved from a common precursor. Ohlendorf DH; Anderson WF; Matthews BW J Mol Evol 19: 109-14 (1983) Amino acid and DNA sequence comparisons suggest that many sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins have in common an homologous region of about 22 amino acids. This region corresponds to two consecutive87036766 [Effect of mutation changes in RNA-polymerase and transcription termination factor rho on expression of various operons in E. coli] Iarulin VR; Gorlenko ZhM Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 60: 8-19 (1985) Six mutations, impairing DNA polymerase of E. coli in combination with the wild type gene for rho factor or ts-mutation rho 15 have been studied in relation to the expression of seven operons having d87089985 A rho-recognition site on phage lambda cro-gene mRNA. Bektesh SL; Richardson JP Nature 283: 102-4 (1980) The synthesis of RNA catalysed by RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli is terminated at specific sites on DNA templates through the action of a multimeric basic protein known as rho (refs 1, 2). Three80078157 Both trans-acting factors and chromatin structure are involved in the regulation of transcription from the early and late promoters in simian virus 40 chromosomes. Tack LC; Beard P J Virol 54: 207-18 (1985) We isolated simian virus 40 (SV40) chromosomes from lytically infected CV-1 cells at various times during the late phase and transcribed them in vitro with either whole-cell or nuclear extracts of HeL85135069 Small-angle X-ray study of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase holoenzyme from Escherichia coli. Meisenberger O; Heumann H; Pilz I FEBS Lett 123: 22-4 (1981) 81138871 In vitro thermal inactivation of a temperature-sensitive sigma subunit mutant (rpoD800) of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase proceeds by aggregation. Lowe PA; Aebi U; Gross C; Burgess RR J Biol Chem 256: 2010-5 (1981) A temperature-sensitive mutant sigma subunit (rpoD800) purified from Escherichia coli was inactivated in vitro by temperatures in excess of 37 degrees C whereas wild type sigma remained stable up to 481117295 Electron-microscopic examination of the binding of a large RNA polymerase III transcription factor to a tRNA gene. Stillman DJ; Better M; Geiduschek EP J Mol Biol 185: 451-5 (1985) A Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III transcription factor was previously shown to bind stably to tRNA genes. This transcription factor has been further purified on the basis of its large size86037221 The two intervening sequences of human beta- and gamma-globin pre-mRNAs are excised in a preferred temporal order in vitro. Lang KM; van Santen VL; Spritz RA EMBO J 4: 1991-6 (1985) Splicing of complete synthetic human beta- and gamma-globin mRNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) follows a preferred pathway in vitro. In almost all molecules, excision of the first intervening sequence (IVS) 86055756 Simian virus 40 promoters direct expression of the tetracycline gene in plasmid pACYC184. Jenkins FJ; Howett MK; Rapp F J Virol 45: 478-81 (1983) Insertion of HindIII DNA fragments into the HindIII site of plasmid pACYC184 destroys the promoter of the plasmid tetracycline resistance gene and causes Escherichia coli cells harboring recombinant p83112221 Purification and characterization of trp aporepressor. Joachimiak A; Kelley RL; Gunsalus RP; Yanofsky C; Sigler PB Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 668-72 (1983) We have isolated homogeneous trp aporepressor from an overproducing strain of Escherichia coli carrying a plasmid containing trpR preceded by tandem trp operon promoters. Dye-affinity and ion-exchange83143992 Evidence for use of rare codons in the dnaG gene and other regulatory genes of Escherichia coli. Konigsberg W; Godson GN Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 687-91 (1983) Amino acid sequence and composition data of Escherichia coli dnaG primase protein and its tryptic peptides have confirmed that the dnaG gene contains an unusually high number of codons that are not fr83143995 Structure of a Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1 gene encoding RNA polymerase sigma factor. Costanzo M; Pero J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 1236-40 (1983) Gene 28 of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1 codes for a regulatory protein, a sigma factor known as sigma gp28, that binds to the bacterial core RNA polymerase to direct the recognition of phage m83144054 Simian virus 40-associated small RNA: mapping on the simian virus 40 genome and characterization of its synthesis. Alwine JC; Khoury G J Virol 36: 701-8 (1980) The simian virus 40 (SV40)-associated small RNA (SAS-RNA) has previously been shown to arise late in SV40 lytic infection and to bear homology with the SV40 early mRNA's, or the SV40 genome, at map po81119950 [Functioning of amino acid operons in Escherichia coli strains with an altered transcription and translation apparatus. II. The effect of mutations in genes coding ribosomal protein S5 and translationGordeev VK; Turkov MI Genetika 19: 217-20 (1983) It has been shown in our previous study that mutations in genes relA, relC and rpsL result in the delay in Escherichia coli ilv operon derepression; the complete inhibition of derepression of the ilv 83158741 Mutations in lambda repressor's amino-terminal domain: implications for protein stability and DNA binding. Hecht MH; Nelson HC; Sauer RT Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 2676-80 (1983) The DNA binding properties of 52 different single-amino acid substitutions in lambda repressor's amino-terminal domain have been characterized. Seven proteins bearing mutations that change solvent-exp83195115 Regulation of hexuronate system genes in Escherichia coli K-12: multiple regulation of the uxu operon by exuR and uxuR gene products. Robert-Baudouy J; Portalier R; Stoeber F J Bacteriol 145: 211-20 (1981) New regulatory mutants of Escherichia coli K-1 carrying alterations of the uxuR gene were isolated and characterized. In the presence of superrepressed or derepressed uxuR mutations, mannonic hydrolya81116972 Isolation of genes expressed preferentially during sporulation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Clancy MJ; Buten-Magee B; Straight DJ; Kennedy AL; Partridge RM; Magee PT Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 3000-4 (1983) A library of Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA in the vector lambda Charon 28 was probed for sequences complementary to cDNA made from poly(A)+ RNA isolated from the well-sporulating yeast strain AP1 a/alp83221530 Consistent association between sigma elements and tRNA genes in yeast. Brodeur GM; Sandmeyer SB; Olson MV Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 3292-6 (1983) Sigma is a recently described family of transposable elements in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The most striking feature of the seven sigma elements that have been previously identified is that al83221582 Enzymatic deamidation of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins in Escherichia coli catalyzed by the cheB gene product. Kehry MR; Bond MW; Hunkapiller MW; Dahlquist FW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 3599-603 (1983) The methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) of Escherichia coli undergo reversible methylation that has been correlated with adaptation of cells to environmental stimuli. MCPI, the product of the 83221643 Cro repressor protein and its interaction with DNA. Matthews BW; Ohlendorf DH; Anderson WF; Fisher RG; Takeda Y Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 47 Pt 1: 427-33 (1983) 83233538 The elongation factor EF-Tu and its two encoding genes. Bosch L; Kraal B; Van der Meide PH; Duisterwinkel FJ; Van Noort JM Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 30: 91-126 (1983) 84120268 Mutations defining the operator-binding sites of bacteriophage lambda repressor. Nelson HC; Hecht MH; Sauer RT Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 47 Pt 1: 441-9 (1983) We have characterized about 50 different amino acid substitutions in the aminoterminal domain of lambda repressor. Sixteen of these substitutions alter external side chains of the repressor and cause 83233540 Direct measurement of DNA unwinding angle in specific interaction between lac operator and repressor. Kim R; Kim SH Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 47 Pt 1: 451-4 (1983) 83233542 Interaction of eukaryotic class-B transcription factors and chick progesterone-receptor complex with conalbumin promoter sequences. Davison BL; Mulvihill ER; Egly JM; Chambon P Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 47 Pt 2: 965-75 (1983) 83233626 Mapping of binding sites for Mu repressor and ner product within the left-end EcoRI. C fragment of the Mu genome. Barlach S; Schumann W FEBS Lett 157: 119-23 (1983) Bacterial cells containing the ner gene of phage Mu inserted into pBR322 express a binding activity with specificity for the left-end EcoRI.C fragment of Mu DNA. Crude extracts containing either Mu re83234996 Control of arg gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium by the arginine repressor from Escherichia coli K-12. Gardner MM; Hennig DO; Kelln RA Mol Gen Genet 189: 458-62 (1983) The regulation of synthesis of arg enzymes in Salmonella typhimurium by the arginine repressor of Escherichia coli K-12 has been reevaluated using a strain of S. typhimurium in which the argR gene was83244181 Isolation and physical mapping of the gene encoding the major sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. Price CW; Gitt MA; Doi RH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 4074-8 (1983) At least four sigma factors separately bind the Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase core (beta beta' alpha 2), each conferring a different promoter specificity on the holoenzyme in vitro. Using the Broom83247419 Simultaneous analysis of conformation and transcription of A and B groups of vitellogenin genes in male and female Xenopus during primary and secondary activation by estrogen. Williams JL; Tata JR Nucleic Acids Res 11: 1151-66 (1983) In male Xenopus, primary estradiol administration results in noncoordinate activation in the liver of the A and B groups of vitellogenin genes, both as judged by transcription and DNase I sensitivity 83143330 A host protein (La) binds to a unique species of minus-sense leader RNA during replication of vesicular stomatitis virus. Wilusz J; Kurilla MG; Keene JD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 5827-31 (1983) Baby hamster kidney cells infected with the minus-strand RNA virus vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were found to contain three small viral leader RNA species of the minus sense. The longest minus-str83300056 Secondary structure of the lac repressor DNA-binding domain by two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance in solution. Zuiderweg ER; Kaptein R; Wuthrich K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 5837-41 (1983) A recently proposed approach for spatial structure determination in noncrystalline proteins by nuclear magnetic resonance was applied to the lac repressor DNA-binding domain. On the basis of sequence-83300058 Transcripts from the adenovirus-2 major late promoter yield a single early family of 3' coterminal mRNAs and five late families. Shaw AR; Ziff EB Cell 22: 905-16 (1980) The major late promoter of adeovirus-2 is located at coordinate 16.45 and initiates synthesis of nuclear precursors that are processed into mRNAs which fall into five 3- co-terminal families, L1-L5. T81112160 Structural and transcriptional evidence for related thrS and infC expression. Mayaux JF; Fayat G; Fromant M; Springer M; Grunberg-Manago M; Blanquet S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 6152-6 (1983) The nucleotide sequence of thrS, the gene encoding dimeric Escherichia coli threonyl-tRNA synthetase [L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP forming), 6.1.1.3], has been determined. The structural part of th84016012 Perturbation of lac operator DNA modification by tryptic core protein from lac repressor. Manly SP; Bennett GN; Matthews KS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 6219-23 (1983) Operator DNA fragments were modified in the presence of lac repressor protein or its trypsin-resistant core. Operator DNA was alkylated or cleaved enzymatically with these related proteins present to 84016026 Structural studies of protein-nucleic acid interactions. Ohlendorf DH; Matthews BW Annu Rev Biophys Bioeng 12: 259-84 (1983) 83254710 A perfectly symmetric lac operator binds the lac repressor very tightly. Sadler JR; Sasmor H; Betz JL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 6785-9 (1983) A completely symmetric DNA segment has been constructed that binds the lactose repressor of Escherichia coli 10-fold more tightly than does the natural lactose operator sequence. This tight-binding op84070714 Physical localisation and cloning of the structural gene for E. coli initiation factor IF3 from a group of genes concerned with translation. Plumbridge JA; Springer M; Graffe M; Goursot R; Grunberg-Manago M Gene 11: 33-42 (1980) The structural genes for translational initiation factor IF3, threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TRS), the two subunits of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (PRS), and a 12 000 mol. wt. protein of unidentified func81067911 Gene expression in murine erythroleukemia cells. Transcriptional control and chromatin structure of the alpha 1-globin gene. Sheffery M; Marks PA; Rifkind RA J Mol Biol 172: 417-36 (1984) The transcriptional activation and chromatin structure of the alpha 1-globin gene was analyzed during induced erythroid differentiation in murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC). In uninduced MELC, a low84114907 Induced transcription of the mouse beta-globin transcription unit in erythroleukemia cells. Time-course of induction and of changes in chromatin structure. Salditt-Georgieff M; Sheffery M; Krauter K; Darnell JE Jr; Rifkind R; Marks PA J Mol Biol 172: 437-50 (1984) The transcription of the beta-globin genes in mouse erythroleukemia cells has been examined by hybridizing labeled RNA obtained from isolated nuclei after chain elongation in the presence of [alpha-3284114908 Location of the rho gene and characterization of lambda ilv-gal derivatives of lambda ilv-rho bacteriophage. Calhoun DH; Traub L; Wallen JW; Gray JE; Guterman SK Mol Gen Genet 193: 205-9 (1984) The location of the rho gene and its position relative to the ilv genes of Escherichia coli K-12 was analyzed using genetic criteria, restriction enzyme cleavage, and maxicell analysis. Plasmids were 84116960 Autoregulation of the rho gene of Escherichia coli K-12. Kung H; Bekesi E; Guterman SK; Gray JE; Traub L; Calhoun DH Mol Gen Genet 193: 210-3 (1984) It has previously been proposed, based on indirect evidence, that the Rho protein may control the expression of the rho gene. Using an in vitro system for the transcription and translation of the rho 84116961 Evidence that the cro repressor inhibits expression of the bacteriophage lambda P gene at high multiplicities of infection. Zambetti GP; Shuster RC Mol Gen Genet 193: 322-6 (1984) The activity of the lambda P gene product at various multiplicities of infection (m.o.i.) was examined in CI- conditions using an assay which measures the disappearance of the rapidly-sedimenting clos84116977 Two-dimensional 1H NMR study of the lambda operator site OL1: a sequential assignment strategy and its application. Weiss MA; Patel DJ; Sauer RT; Karplus M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 130-4 (1984) The solution structure and dynamics of the 17-base-pair synthetic operator site OL1, which is recognized by the cI and Cro repressors of bacteriophage lambda, is studied by two-dimensional NMR methods84119422 Interaction of host-coded and virus-coded polypeptides in RNA phage replication. Blumenthal T Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 210: 321-35 (1980) The enzymes responsible for replication of the RNA of the single-stranded RNA bacteriophages contain, in addition to one phage-coded polypeptide, three host-coded polypeptides taken from the protein b81101178 Use of the Escherichia coli lac repressor and operator to control gene expression in Bacillus subtilis. Yansura DG; Henner DJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 439-43 (1984) The Escherichia coli lac operator has been placed on the 3' side of the promoter for the penicillinase gene of Bacillus licheniformis, creating a hybrid promoter controllable by the E. coli lac repres84119502 Plasmid-mediated isolation of a repressor protein. Koduri RK; Matthews J; Gots JS Anal Biochem 105: 449-53 (1980) 81107372 Purified lupus antigen La recognizes an oligouridylate stretch common to the 3' termini of RNA polymerase III transcripts. Stefano JE Cell 36: 145-54 (1984) The small ribonucleoproteins recognized by anti-La sera consist mainly of RNA polymerase III products complexed with an antigenic cellular protein of 50 kd. A biochemical procedure for purifying the L84106809 Recovery from transcription inhibition in irradiated yeast cells. Weber KJ; Kiefer J Br J Cancer Suppl 6: 157-61 (1984) Repair process operating on radiation damaged DNA may be investigated by studying its functional integrity, e.g. its ability to serve as template for transcription. We measured the synthesis of riboso84128379 Patterns of transcription of human cytomegalovirus in permissively infected cells. DeMarchi JM; Schmidt CA; Kaplan AS J Virol 35: 277-86 (1980) 81072420 Induction of a stable, heritable epigenetic change by mutagenic carcinogens: a new test system. Toman Z; Dambly C; Radman M IARC Sci Publ 11: 243-55 (1980) The expression of the E. coli gal operon was set under the direct negative control of phage lambda repressor by a fusion between the gal operon an the active cI cro segment of phage lambda genoma. Thi81068527 Cocrystals of the DNA-binding domain of phage 434 repressor and a synthetic phage 434 operator. Anderson J; Ptashne M; Harrison SC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 1307-11 (1984) The amino-terminal domain of the phage 434 repressor forms cocrystals with a synthetic phage 434 operator. The cocrystals diffract to at least 4 A, and x-ray crystallographic analysis of them is in pr84170294 Autodigestion of lexA and phage lambda repressors. Little JW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 1375-9 (1984) Proteolytic cleavage of lexA repressor is an early step in derepression of the SOS regulatory system of Escherichia coli. In vivo and in vitro data have indicated a role for recA protein in this speci84170308 Temporal expression of late histone messenger RNA in the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus. Knowles JA; Childs GJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 2411-5 (1984) Sea urchin histones are encoded by several multigene families. The temporal expression of one of these families, the late histones, has been studied during the early development of Lytechinus pictus. 84194017 Effects of point mutations on formation and structure of the RNA primer for ColE1 DNA replication. Masukata H; Tomizawa J Cell 36: 513-22 (1984) We report mutations affecting several steps of CoIE1 primer formation. Primer precursor forms the hybrid with the template DNA and is cleaved by RNAase H to form the primer. Point mutations at positio84106856 P. mirabilis RecA protein catalyses cleavage of E. coli LexA protein and the lambda repressor in vitro. West SC; Little JW Mol Gen Genet 194: 111-3 (1984) The cloned recA+ gene of proteus mirabilis substitutes for a defective RecA protein in Escherichia coli recA- mutants, and restores recombination, repair and phage induction functions to near normal l84218832 Effect of altered efficiency of the RNA I and RNA II promoters on in vivo replication of ColE1-like plasmids in Escherichia coli. Polaczek P; Ciesla Z Mol Gen Genet 194: 227-31 (1984) Thermal inactivation of the dnaA gene product leads to a considerable decrease in the rate of replication of ColE1-like plasmids. To test the possibility that the dnaA protein may affect synthesis of 84218843 Interaction of tight binding repressors with lac operators. An analysis by DNA-footprinting. Pfahl M; Hendricks M J Mol Biol 172: 405-16 (1984) To increase our understanding of protein-DNA interaction in general, and in particular that of lac repressor with lac operator, we have investigated the interaction of tight binding (Itb) repressors w84114906 Structure and function of the repressor of bacteriophage lambda. II. Isolation and characterization of a lambda mutant which produces repressor having higher affinity for operators. Nag DK; Chattopadhyay DJ; Mandal NC Mol Gen Genet 194: 373-6 (1984) By mutagenizing a lambda cIts (lambda cI857) lysogen, a lambda mutant has been isolated with a wild-type phenotype. This mutant phage lysogenizes with low efficiency and produces a low burst. Though t84245161 DNA sequences of the repressor gene and operator region of bacteriophage P2. Ljungquist E; Kockum K; Bertani LE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 3988-92 (1984) The nucleotide sequence of the repressor gene C of the temperate phage P2 has been determined. It codes for a nonbasic polypeptide, 99 amino acids long. Twelve repressor-defective mutants have been ma84248044 Glucocorticoid-mediated induction of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein: evidence for hormone-regulated RNA processing. Vannice JL; Taylor JM; Ringold GM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 4241-5 (1984) We have studied the glucocorticoid-mediated accumulation of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) in mRNA in HTC rat hepatoma cells. In contrast to the well-characterized primary response of mouse mammary t84272614 Rapid induction of a specific nuclear mRNA precursor by thyroid hormone. Narayan P; Liaw CW; Towle HC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 4687-91 (1984) Administration of thyroid hormone to the thyroidectomized rat results in a rapid and dramatic increase in the relative amount of hepatic mRNA coding for spot 14--a translational product with an approx84272698 An operator at -280 base pairs that is required for repression of araBAD operon promoter: addition of DNA helical turns between the operator and promoter cyclically hinders repression. Dunn TM; Hahn S; Ogden S; Schleif RF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 5017-20 (1984) A site has been found that is required for repression of the Escherichia coli araBAD operon. This site was detected by the in vivo properties of deletion mutants. In vitro protection studies with DNas84298073 Amber dnaG mutation exerting a polar effect on the synthesis of RNA polymerase sigma factor in Escherichia coli. Nakamura Y Mol Gen Genet 196: 179-82 (1984) Three amber mutants of Escherichia coli, dnaG9, dnaG24 and dnaG26, affected in the structural gene (dnaG) for "primase" have been isolated from a parental strain carrying a temperature-sensitive amber85012057 Genetic and biochemical characterization of the aerobactin synthesis operon on pColV. Gross R; Engelbrecht F; Braun V Mol Gen Genet 196: 74-80 (1984) Certain ColV plasmids of Escherichia coli contain genes that specify functions for the acquisition of iron(III) via aerobactin. The locus for aerobactin synthesis of pColV-K311 was cloned into pBR322.85012065 Effect of single amino acid replacements on the thermal stability of the NH2-terminal domain of phage lambda repressor. Hecht MH; Sturtevant JM; Sauer RT Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 5685-9 (1984) The thermal stabilities of mutant phage lambda repressors that have single amino acid replacements in the NH2-terminal domain have been studied by means of circular dichroism and differential scanning85014833 Infrared study of the secondary structure of lac repressor and its tryptic core. Schnarr M; Maurizot JC Biopolymers 19: 1975-81 (1980) 81063366 In vitro regulation of phage lambda cII gene expression by Escherichia coli integration host factor. Peacock S; Weissbach H; Nash HA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 6009-13 (1984) The effect of Escherichia coli integration host factor (IHF) on phage lambda gene expression has been examined in a simplified DNA-directed in vitro system that measures the formation of the first dip85014898 Dynamic filtering by two-dimensional 1H NMR with application to phage lambda repressor. Weiss MA; Eliason JL; States DJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 6019-23 (1984) Flexible regions of proteins play an important role in catalysis, ligand binding, and macromolecular interactions. Because of its enhanced sensitivity to motional narrowing, two-dimensional coupling c85014899 Demonstration of two operator elements in gal: in vitro repressor binding studies. Majumdar A; Adhya S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 6100-4 (1984) Genetic and DNA base sequence analyses of cis-dominant mutations that derepress the gal operon of Escherichia coli suggested the existence of two operator loci needed for gal repression. One (OE) is l85014913 Specific activation of puff 93D of Drosophila melanogaster by benzamide and the effect of benzamide treatment on the heat shock induced puffing activity. Lakhotia SC; Mukherjee T Chromosoma 81: 125-36 (1980) A 10 or 20 min in vitro treatment of salivary glands of late 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster with 1 mg/ml benzamide (BM) at 24 degrees C results in the specific induction of the 93D puff 81066090 The messenger RNAs from the transforming region of human adenoviruses. Pettersson U; Virtanen A; Perricaudet M; Akusjarvi G Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 109: 107-23 (1984) 84131313 Activation of pS2 gene transcription is a primary response to estrogen in the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Brown AM; Jeltsch JM; Roberts M; Chambon P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 6344-8 (1984) We have shown previously that an increase in the level of accumulated pS2 mRNA is first detectable in MCF-7 cells after 3 hr of estradiol treatment. Using in vitro nuclear run-on transcription with nu85038513 Concomitant induction of a Balbiani ring and a giant secretory protein in Chironomus salivary glands. Edstrom JE; Rydlander L; Francke C Chromosoma 81: 115-24 (1980) 81066089 T4-induced antipolarity: temporal heterogeneity in response of early transcription units. Thermes C; Brody E J Virol 50: 191-201 (1984) When T4 infects Escherichia coli in the absence of protein synthesis, rho-mediated termination takes place on early polycistronic transcription units. During the early period of development, the appea84138811 Cloning and expression of the activity and immunity genes of colicins B and M on ColBM plasmids. Olschlager T; Schramm E; Braun V Mol Gen Genet 196: 482-7 (1984) The activity and immunity genes for colicins B and M on two conjugative ColBM plasmids, pCl139 and pF166, were cloned into pBR322 and pACYC184, respectively. The colicin regions on both recombinant pl85060516 Sequence of the bacteriophage SP01 gene coding for transcription factor 1, a viral homologue of the bacterial type II DNA-binding proteins. Greene JR; Brennan SM; Andrew DJ; Thompson CC; Richards SH; Heinrikson RL; Geiduschek EP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 7031-5 (1984) The Bacillus subtilis phage SP01, whose DNA contains 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmUra) in place of thymine, codes for an abundant, small, basic protein called TF1. TF1 binds preferentially to hydroxymethy85063726 Expression of the beta-nerve growth factor gene correlates with the density of sympathetic innervation in effector organs. Shelton DL; Reichardt LF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 7951-5 (1984) Although beta-nerve growth factor (NGF), a protein necessary for survival and development of sympathetic neurons, is believed to be a trophic factor that is produced by sympathetic effector organs, it85088526 [Position of the attachment site of the SV40 virus genome at the transcription unit level] Volpe P; Eremenko T Vopr Virusol 29: 610-9 (1984) DNA of OV40-transformed 3T3 cell line is more methylated than that of normal cells. Integrated sequences of OV40 DNA, however, are methylated less than the host DNA. Virus-specific sequences are flank85092574 Isolation of Bacillus subtilis mutants altered in expression of a gene transcribed in vitro by a minor form of RNA polymerase (E-sigma 37). Truitt CL; Ray GL; Trempy JE; Da-Jian Z; Haldenwang WG J Bacteriol 161: 515-22 (1985) To develop a technique for identifying Bacillus subtilis genes whose products affect transcription from promoters recognized by sigma 37-containing RNA polymerase (E-sigma 37), we cloned the promoter 85104770 Genetic control of damage-inducible restriction alleviation in Escherichia coli K12: an SOS function not repressed by lexA. Thoms B; Wackernagel W Mol Gen Genet 197: 297-303 (1984) The alleviation of K-specific DNA restriction after treatment of cells by UV or nalidixic acid has been studied in mutants with various alleles of recA and lexA and combinations of these alleles and w85110518 Cloning of the repressor protein gene of iron-regulated systems in Escherichia coli K12. Hantke K Mol Gen Genet 197: 337-41 (1984) In Escherichia coli the iron uptake systems are regulated by the fur gene product. The synthesis of the outer membrane proteins fiu, fepA, fecA, fhuA, fhuE and cir is derepressed at low iron concentra85110523 TET repressor.tet operator complex formation induces conformational changes in the tet operator DNA. Altschmied L; Hillen W Nucleic Acids Res 12: 2171-80 (1984) The structural changes of the tet operator DNA upon binding of the TET repressor protein are examined by circular dichroism. For this purpose a 70 bp DNA fragment was prepared which contains both tet 84144097 Specific protein binding to far upstream activating sequences in polymerase II promoters. Bram RJ; Kornberg RD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 43-7 (1985) A binding activity specific for the upstream activating sequence of the GAL1-GAL10 promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been purified 220-fold on the basis of a nitrocellulose filter-binding assay85113168 Maximizing gene expression from plasmid vectors containing the lambda PL promoter: strategies for overproducing transcription termination factor rho. Mott JE; Grant RA; Ho YS; Platt T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 88-92 (1985) We have constructed two plasmids in which transcription of the rho gene from Escherichia coli K-12 is under the control of the lambda phage PL promoter. In p31-356, the normal rho promoter is deleted,85113176 Mutational studies with the trp repressor of Escherichia coli support the helix-turn-helix model of repressor recognition of operator DNA. Kelley RL; Yanofsky C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 483-7 (1985) Several classes of trp repressor mutants were selected and analyzed in vivo. Mutants that produced repressors with either enhanced or reduced activity were obtained. One class of mutants produced inac85113222 Transcription of a gene cluster coding for two aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and an initiation factor in Escherichia coli. Wu TH; Wood DL; Stein PL; Comer MM J Mol Biol 173: 177-209 (1984) The alpha and beta subunits of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase are encoded by the pheS and pheT genes, respectively. These genes are clustered closely together with the genes for threonyl-tRNA synthetase84164882 Altered Cro repressors from engineered mutagenesis of a synthetic cro gene. Eisenbeis SJ; Nasoff MS; Noble SA; Bracco LP; Dodds DR; Caruthers MH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 1084-8 (1985) A portion of the gene coding for the Cro repressor protein of bacteriophage lambda has been chemically synthesized, incorporating base pair changes that generate restriction endonuclease sites without85140233 Lactose operator--repressor interaction: use of synthetic oligonucleotides in determining the minimal recognition sequence of the lactose operator. Bahl CP; Wu R; Narang SA Methods Enzymol 65: 877-85 (1980) 80187461 Treatment of mice with 5-azacytidine efficiently activates silent retroviral genomes in different tissues. Jaenisch R; Schnieke A; Harbers K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 1451-5 (1985) The drug 5-azacytidine was injected into mice to activate silent retroviral genomes. The Mov-7 and Mov-10 substrains of mice were used, each of which carries a Moloney murine leukemia provirus with mu85140315 [C1 and cro repressors of lambda phages. Isolation of strains of bacteriophage lambda imm434 superproducing repressor cro] Bespalova IN; Sukovatitsin VV; Troianovskii BM; Solonin AS; Rubtsov PM Mol Biol (Mosk) 18: 39-47 (1984) A collection of recombinant plasmids directing the increased synthesis of the cro-repressor of lambda imm434 bacteriophage under control of the lacZ promoter of Escherichia coli has been constructed. 84167863 On the mu repressor and early DNA intermediates of transposition. Krause HM; Higgins NP Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 49: 827-34 (1984) 85153064 Expression of a chloramphenicol-resistance determinant carried on hybrid plasmids in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Bruckner R; Zyprian E; Matzura H Gene 32: 151-60 (1984) To analyse the control of chloramphenicol (Cm) resistance conferred by the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pUB112, a detailed restriction map of this plasmid has been constructed, and the position and o85155472 Early capping of transcripts from the adenovirus major late transcription unit. Babich A; Nevins JR; Darnell JE Jr Nature 287: 246-8 (1980) The various events which result in modification of a primary RNA transcipt may have a role in choosing transcripts which are to be processed into mRNA. If there is a stepwise and interdependent nature81052308 The c1 repressor of bacteriophage P1. I. Isolation of the c1 protein and determination of the P1 DNA region to which it binds. Baumstark BR; Scott JR J Mol Biol 140: 471-80 (1980) 81049635 Hybrid tetramers of native and core lactose repressor protein. Assessment of operator and nonspecific DNA binding parameters and their relationship. Dunaway M; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 255: 10120-7 (1980) Hybrid tetramers of lac repressor and its trypsin-resistant core protein were produced by mild proteolytic digestion and isolated by chromatography on phosphocellulose. These tetramers were used in bi81046834 Use of difference boundary sedimentation velocity to investigate nonspecific protein-nucleic acid interactions. Lohman TM; Wensley CG; Cina J; Burgess RR; Record MT Jr Biochemistry 19: 3516-22 (1980) The difference boundary sedimentation velocity technique of Schachman and co-workers is demonstrated to be applicalbe to the measurement of binding constants (Kobsd) in the range 10(2)-10(5) M(-1) for81000206 Sporulation-regulated genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Holaway BL; Lehman DJ; Primerano DA; Magee PT; Clancy MJ Curr Genet 10: 163-9 (1985) We have characterized 46 hybrid phage which hybridize preferentially to mRNA from sporulating cells. Cross-hybridization experiments demonstrate that 27 distinct SPR (Sporulation regulated) sequences 88311174 NH2-terminal arm of phage lambda repressor contributes energy and specificity to repressor binding and determines the effects of operator mutations. Eliason JL; Weiss MA; Ptashne M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 2339-43 (1985) Several lines of evidence indicate that the phage lambda repressor recognizes its operator by using, in part, an alpha helix (the "recognition helix"), which it inserts into the major groove of DNA. I85190493 Small-angle X-ray studies of the quaternary structure of the lac repressor from Escherichia coli. Pilz I; Goral K; Kratky O; Bray RP; Wade-Jardetzky NG; Jardetzky O Biochemistry 19: 4087-90 (1980) The quarternary structures of the lac repressor molecule from Escherichia coli and its tetrametic core, which can be derived from it by proteolytic cleavage, were studied in dilute solutions by small-81000288 Molecular and cellular mechanisms of leukemic hemopoietic cell differentiation: an analysis of the Friend system. Tsiftsoglou AS; Wong W Anticancer Res 5: 81-99 (1985) Murine erythroleukemia (MEL or Friend) cells grown in culture and induced to differentiate into cells resembling orthochromatic normoblasts provide a suitable system for uncovering molecular and cellu85197687 Shutoff of lambda gene expression by bacteriophage T4: role of the T4 alc gene. Pearson RE; Snyder L J Virol 35: 194-202 (1980) Bacteriophage T4 normally contains 5-hydroxymethylcytosine instead of cytosine in its DNA. Multiple mutants of T4 which synthesize DNA with cytosine do not transcribe their late genes due to the actio81009749 Transient gene expression control: effects of transfected DNA stability and trans-activation by viral early proteins. Alwine JC Mol Cell Biol 5: 1034-42 (1985) The effects of trans-acting factors and transfected DNA stability on promoter activity were examined with chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) transient expression analysis. With cotransfection in85213472 A dimer of AraC protein contacts three adjacent major groove regions of the araI DNA site. Hendrickson W; Schleif R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 3129-33 (1985) Contact sites of AraC protein to the regulatory site araI of the Escherichia coli araBAD operon have been determined by the chemical-interference technique. DNA fragments were chemically modified an a85216455 [Transcription process in rat thymus cells subjected to x-ray irradiation. 5. The biosynthesis and maturation of heterogeneous nuclear RNA] Evtushenko VI; Khanson KP Radiobiologiia 20: 495-501 (1980) 81014542 Torsional stress induces an S1 nuclease-hypersensitive site within the promoter of the Xenopus laevis oocyte-type 5S RNA gene. Reynolds WF; Gottesfeld JM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 4018-22 (1985) The internal promoter of the Xenopus laevis oocyte-type 5S RNA gene is preferentially cleaved by S1 and Bal-31 nucleases in plasmid DNA. S1 nuclease sensitivity is largely dependent on supercoiling; h85216624 Transcription and polyadenylation processes during early development of quail embryo. Olszanska B; Kludkiewicz B; Lassota Z J Embryol Exp Morphol 79: 11-24 (1984) Transcription of tRNA and mRNA occurs in quail as early as during cleavage while rRNA transcription becomes measurable during blastulation. The polyadenylated fraction content is newly synthesized RNA84187385 Bacillus subtilis sigma factor sigma 29 is the product of the sporulation-essential gene spoIIG. Trempy JE; Bonamy C; Szulmajster J; Haldenwang WG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 4189-92 (1985) Evidence is presented that the sporulation-essential locus spoIIG codes for both sigma 29 and a structurally related protein, P31. This demonstrates that at least one specific Bacillus subtilis RNA po85216657 Transcription and its regulation in the basic replicon region of plasmid R1. Light J; Riise E; Molin S Mol Gen Genet 198: 503-8 (1985) The transcriptional units in the basic replicon of plasmid R1 were defined by means of gene fusions. It was found that in the wild-type plasmid there is one large mRNA encoding both the control factor85239910 Genes for gentamicin-(3)-N-acetyl-transferases III and IV. II. Nucleotide sequences of three AAC(3)-III genes and evolutionary aspects. Allmansberger R; Brau B; Piepersberg W Mol Gen Genet 198: 514-20 (1985) The direction of transcription, exact location of the decoding region and nucleotide sequences of the aacC3 genes cloned from R-plasmids pWP14a, pWP116a, and pWP113a were determined. The respective fr85239912 Trans-activator gene of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III). Arya SK; Guo C; Josephs SF; Wong-Staal F Science 229: 69-73 (1985) Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) encodes a trans-acting factor that activates the expression of genes linked to the HTLV-III long terminal repeat. By functional mapping of complementary 85244626 Location of the trans-activating region on the genome of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III. Sodroski J; Patarca R; Rosen C; Wong-Staal F; Haseltine W Science 229: 74-7 (1985) The retrovirus involved in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HTLV-III/LAV) contains a region that is necessary for stimulation of gene expression directed by the viral long terminal repeat. This re85244627 Hb F production in stressed erythropoiesis: observations and kinetic models. Stamatoyannopoulos G; Veith R; Galanello R; Papayannopoulou T Ann N Y Acad Sci 445: 188-97 (1985) The mechanism of stimulation of Hb F in stressed erythropoiesis is examined. Conditions known to produce a transient elevation of F-cells (acute anemia; acute expansion; treatment with cytotoxic compo85249898 Equilibrium binding of inducer to lac repressor.operator DNA complex. O'Gorman RB; Rosenberg JM; Kallai OB; Dickerson RE; Itakura K; Riggs AD; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 255: 10107-14 (1980) The characteristics of inducer binding to lactose repressor protein in the presence of a small (29 base pair) operator DNA fragment have been examined. The presence of operator DNA fragments decreases81046832 The nerve growth factor: biochemistry, synthesis, and mechanism of action. Greene LA; Shooter EM Annu Rev Neurosci 3: 353-402 (1980) 81019988 ATP-induced changes in the binding of RNA synthesis termination protein Rho to RNA. Galluppi GR; Richardson JP J Mol Biol 138: 513-39 (1980) 81009585 Interaction of lac repressor with alternating poly d (A-T) and poly d (G-C). Circular dichroism studies. Durand M; Maurizot JC Biochimie 62: 503-7 (1980) The binding of lac repressor to poly d(A-T) and d(G-C) has been studied using circular dichroism. The results indicate that the binding induces the same conformational change of both polynucleotides a81000667 Neutron scattering studies of lac repressor. Charlier M; Maurizot JC; Zaccai G Nature 286: 423-5 (1980) The lac repressor, a tetrameric protein of identical subunits [molecular weight (MW) 4 x 38,500], interacts specifically with the lac operator, preventing the expression of the structural genes of the80254630 A crystalline view of protein-DNA binding [news] Marx JL Science 229: 846-8 (1985) 85272586 Recombination in the lambda repressor gene: evidence that very short patch (VSP) mismatch correction restores a specific sequence. Lieb M Mol Gen Genet 199: 465-70 (1985) The mutation am6 in the cI gene of bacteriophage lambda is identified as a C----T transition in a 5'CCATGG sequence. In four-factor crosses of am6 with nearby mutations in cI, the frequencies of cI+ r85295466 Genetic analysis of uxuR and exuR genes: evidence for ExuR and UxuR monomer repressors interactions. Ritzenthaler P; Blanco C; Mata-Gilsinger M Mol Gen Genet 199: 507-11 (1985) The uxuAB operon is under the dual control of uxuR- and exuR-encoded repressors whereas the exu regulon genes are regulated by the sole ExuR repressor. Mutations affecting the two exuR and uxuR regula85295473 lac Operator nucleosomes. 2. lac Nucleosomes can change conformation to strengthen binding by lac repressor. Chao MV; Martinson HG; Gralla JD Biochemistry 19: 3260-9 (1980) We have shown previously that lac repressor binds specifically and quantitatively to lac operator restriction fragments which have been complexed with histones to form artificial nucleosomes (203 base81000168 lac Operator nucleosomes. 1. Repressor binds specifically to operator within the nucleosome core. Chao MV; Gralla JD; Martinson HG Biochemistry 19: 3254-60 (1980) We have shown that the lac repressor can recognize and bind specifically to the lac operator contained in short restriction fragments which have been complexed with the four core histones to form arti81000167 Isolation and characterization of the product of the methionine-regulatory gene metJ of Escherichia coli K-12. Smith AA; Greene RC; Kirby TW; Hindenach BR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 6104-8 (1985) We have modified a previously isolated metJ plasmid by removing a segment of DNA including the rop gene. Bacterial strains carrying this plasmid produce elevated levels of the metJ gene product, presu85298304 Dominant negative mutations in the Tn10 tet repressor: evidence for use of the conserved helix-turn-helix motif in DNA binding. Isackson PJ; Bertrand KP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 6226-30 (1985) The Tn10 tet repressor regulates transcription of the tetracycline-resistance determinant in transposon Tn10. Previous DNA sequencing studies identified a region of tet repressor (amino acids 26-47) t85298325 Interleukin 2 receptor gene expression in normal human T lymphocytes. Leonard WJ; Kronke M; Peffer NJ; Depper JM; Greene WC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 6281-5 (1985) We have used cDNAs for the human interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor to study IL-2 receptor gene expression in normal activated T cells. Resting T cells do not contain detectable IL-2 receptor mRNA. Within 85298336 Vitellogenin as a multigene family. Not all Xenopus vitellogenin genes may be in an "expressible" configuration. Tata JR; Baker BS; Deeley JV J Biol Chem 255: 6721-6 (1980) DNA-cDNA titrations suggest that the Xenopus genome comprises two albumin genes, whereas there are 12 to 16 vitellogenin-like genes. Both sets of genes are expressed in liver, those coding for albumin80227829 Sex- and cell-specific regulation of yolk polypeptide genes introduced into Drosophila by P-element-mediated gene transfer. Tamura T; Kunert C; Postlethwait J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 7000-4 (1985) To find whether cis-acting regulatory sequences necessary for sex- and cell-specific expression of two yolk polypeptide genes (Yps) reside near the structural genes themselves, we introduced a 5.0-kil86016823 Ultrastructural analysis of ribosomal gene transcription in vitro. McKnight SL; Hipskind RA; Reeder R J Biol Chem 255: 7907-11 (1980) Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei were manually isolated and incubated in vitro to synthesize RNA. Aliquots were removed before and during the reaction and prepared for electron microscopy, in order to obs80249559 Expression of an Escherichia coli flagellin gene, hag48, in the presence of a Salmonella H1-repressor. Enomoto M; Sakai A; Tominaga A Mol Gen Genet 201: 133-5 (1985) An Escherichia coli K12 flagellin gene, hag48, was found to be expressed in the presence of the Salmonella rh1 gene product. The strains which had hag48 on a chromosome or on an F' factor were constru86039798 Genetic mapping of rpoD implicates the major sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase in sporulation initiation. Price CW; Doi RH Mol Gen Genet 201: 88-95 (1985) We have mapped the chromosomal locus of rpoD, which encodes the major sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. The rpoD locus lay between aroD and lys, tightly linked to dnaE and inseparable 86039811 Suppression of defective-sporulation phenotypes by mutations in the major sigma factor gene (rpoD) of Bacillus subtilis. Leung A; Rubinstein S; Yang C; Li JW; Leighton T Mol Gen Genet 201: 96-8 (1985) Mutations (crsA47 and crsA4) in the major sigma factor gene (rpoD) of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase have been found to be powerful intergenic suppressors of spoOB, spoOE, spoOF, spoOK and spoIIG mu86039812 Construction of an E. coli strain overproducing the Tn10-encoded TET repressor and its use for large scale purification. Oehmichen R; Klock G; Altschmied L; Hillen W EMBO J 3: 539-43 (1984) Overproduction of the repressor protein from the Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance operon is achieved by placement of the respective gene under control of bacteriophage lambda promoter PL in a vect84182522 Interaction between two transcriptional control sequences required for tumor-antigen-mediated simian virus 40 late gene expression. Brady J; Loeken MR; Khoury G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 7299-303 (1985) Transcriptional control signals required for tumor (T)-antigen trans-activation of the simian virus 40 (SV40) late promoter include T-antigen binding sites I and II and the SV40 72-base-pair (bp) repe86042653 Regulation of cyclic AMP synthesis in Escherichia coli K-12: effects of the rpoD800 sigma mutation, glucose, and chloramphenicol. Grossman AD; Ullmann A; Burgess RR; Gross CA J Bacteriol 158: 110-4 (1984) An immediate 12-fold inhibition in the rate of beta-galactosidase synthesis occurs in Escherichia coli cells containing the mutant sigma allele rpoD800 after a shift to 42 degrees C. In the present st84185409 Detection of a countertranscript in promyelocytic leukemia cells HL60 during early differentiation by TPA. Soma G; Murata M; Kitahara N; Gatanaga T; Shibai H; Morioka H; Andoh T Biochem Biophys Res Commun 132: 100-9 (1985) We have isolated several cDNA clones corresponding to the mRNAs expressed during early phase of differentiation of promyelocytic leukemia cells HL60 by TPA. Two interrelated clones were examined, one 86050562 Energy requirement for specific transcription initiation by the human RNA polymerase II system. Sawadogo M; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 259: 5321-6 (1984) The energy requirement for specific transcription initiation and elongation by the human RNA polymerase II system was studied in vitro using partially purified transcription factors from HeLa cell nuc84185651 Regulation of fatty acid degradation in Escherichia coli: isolation and characterization of strains bearing insertion and temperature-sensitive mutations in gene fadR. Simons RW; Egan PA; Chute HT; Nunn WD J Bacteriol 142: 621-32 (1980) Transposon Tn10 was used to mutagenize the fadR gene in Escherichia coli. Mutants bearing fadR:Tn10 insertion mutations were found to (i) utilize the noninducing fatty acid decanoate as sole carbon so80204229 [C1 and cro repressors of lambda phages. I. Construction of vectors for expression of cro repressor of bacteriophage lambda imm434] Bespalova IN; Rubtsov PM; Kirpichnikov MP; Skriabin KG Mol Biol (Mosk) 18: 30-8 (1984) Eight derivatives of recombinant plasmid pBRcro434, that consists of pBR322 and fragment of immunity region of phage lambda imm434 have been constructed and characterised. These derivatives contain th84167862 Primary structure of phage mu transposase: homology to mu repressor. Harshey RM; Getzoff ED; Baldwin DL; Miller JL; Chaconas G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 7676-80 (1985) The phage Mu transposase is essential for integration, replication-transposition, and excision of Mu DNA. We present the complete nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence of the transposase and anal86067968 Homologies between the Salmonella typhimurium CheY protein and proteins involved in the regulation of chemotaxis, membrane protein synthesis, and sporulation. Stock A; Koshland DE Jr; Stock J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 7989-93 (1985) Chemotactic receptors at the bacterial cell surface communicate with flagellar basal structures to elicit appropriate motor behavior in response to extracellular stimuli. Genetic and physiological stu86068029 Binding of Xenopus transcription factor A to 5S RNA and to single stranded DNA. Hanas JS; Bogenhagen DF; Wu CW Nucleic Acids Res 12: 2745-58 (1984) Footprint competition assays are utilized to study the binding of Xenopus transcription factor A to a variety of single-stranded nucleic acids. The addition of Xenopus oocyte, yeast, or wheat germ 5S 84169570 Catabolite-resistant sporulation (crsA) mutations in the Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase sigma 43 gene (rpoD) can suppress and be suppressed by mutations in spo0 genes. Kawamura F; Wang LF; Doi RH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 8124-8 (1985) The catabolite-resistant sporulation (crsA) mutation is able to overcome the repressive effect of glucose on sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Three chromosomal crsA mutations, crsA1, crsA4, and crsA486068054 Structural and functional organization of the colicin E1 operon. Waleh NS; Johnson PH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 8389-93 (1985) We analyzed the structural and functional relationships among independently cloned segments of the plasmid ColE1 region that regulates and codes for colicin E1 (cea), immunity (imm), and the mitomycin86094231 Trp holorepressor-trp operator interaction studied by protein distribution analysis. Haydock PV; Somerville RL Biochem Biophys Res Commun 119: 926-32 (1984) Trp repressor protein of Escherichia coli (Mr 24,700) undergoes a conformational change upon interaction with L-tryptophan that enables the resulting binary complex to bind with high specificity to se84178505 Weigle reactivation and mutagenesis of bacteriophage lambda in lexA(Def) mutants of E. coli K12. Calsou P; Defais M Mol Gen Genet 201: 329-33 (1985) The SOS response in UV-irradiated bacteria enhances the survival and mutagenesis of infecting damaged bacteriophage lambda. In a lexA(Def) strain, SOS bacterial genes are fully derepressed by an inact86117920 [3H]UTP incorporation in permeabilized mouse L-cells is inhibited by antibodies directed against a structural nuclear protein. Baglia FA; Maul GG Biochem Biophys Res Commun 120: 256-63 (1984) Newly transcribed RNA is apparently attached to a nuclear structural framework whose main proteins are lamins A, C and B. Whether this attachment is fortuitous or has some functional importance was te84178542 Genetic engineering in Bacillus subtilis. Doi RH Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2: 121-55 (1984) 86131027 The p40x of human T-cell leukemia virus type I is a trans-acting activator of viral gene transcription. Seiki M; Inoue J; Takeda T; Hikikoshi A; Sato M; Yoshida M Jpn J Cancer Res 76: 1127-31 (1985) Human T-cell leukemia virus type I has a unique sequence pX and the product p40x was proposed to be a specific trans-acting transcriptional activator of expression of the viral gene. Recently, a secon86139489 Fractionation of transcription factors for RNA polymerase II from Drosophila Kc cell nuclear extracts. Price DH; Sluder AE; Greenleaf AL J Biol Chem 262: 3244-55 (1987) Drosophila Kc cells were utilized to prepare nuclear extracts in which promoter-containing DNA templates were efficiently transcribed by RNA polymerase II. A combination of fractionation schemes was u87137603 Promoter sequences of the human transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene responsive to transforming growth factor-beta 1 autoinduction. Kim SJ; Jeang KT; Glick AB; Sporn MB; Roberts AB J Biol Chem 264: 7041-5 (1989) Two distinct regions of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 promoter are responsive to autoregulation. Sequences located between nucleotides -454 to -323 and between the two major transcriptio89214126 NF-kappa B: a pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control. Lenardo MJ; Baltimore D Cell 58: 227-9 (1989) 89324067 Characterization of a putative transcription factor gene expressed in the 20-OH-ecdysone inducible puff 74EF in Drosophila melanogaster. Janknecht R; Taube W; Ludecke HJ; Pongs O Nucleic Acids Res 17: 4455-64 (1989) Drosophila melanogaster DNA has been cloned which encompasses the major part of the 20-OH-ecdysone inducible puff 74EF. One 20-OH-ecdysone responsive transcription unit was detected which gives rise t89315191 Bacillus subtilis subtilisin gene (aprE) is expressed from a sigma A (sigma 43) promoter in vitro and in vivo. Park SS; Wong SL; Wang LF; Doi RH J Bacteriol 171: 2657-65 (1989) In vitro studies demonstrated that the Bacillus subtilis subtilisin gene (aprE) could be transcribed by RNA polymerase holoenzyme reconstituted from core and sigma A factor obtained from vegetative ce89213955 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Transcription factor IIS stimulates elongation of RNA chains. Reinberg D; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 262: 3331-7 (1987) A factor that stimulates random transcription of purified DNAs by RNA polymerase II has been partially purified and analyzed with respect to its possible role in specific transcription from class II p87137613 Transactivation of host and viral genes by the adenovirus E1B 19K tumor antigen. Herrmann CH; Dery CV; Mathews MB Oncogene 2: 25-35 (1987) Adenovirus contains two nuclear oncogenes, the EIA and EIB genes, which cooperatively can transform cells through mechanisms that are not understood. The transcriptional activities of the E1A gene (tr88143704 Erythroid-specific activation and derepression of the chick beta-globin promoter in vitro. Emerson BM; Nickol JM; Fong TC Cell 57: 1189-200 (1989) Transcriptionally active extracts were prepared from chick red cells isolated at different stages of development. The template activity of cloned beta-globin genes is highest in extracts from definiti89288320 The Bacillus subtilis flagellin gene (hag) is transcribed by the sigma 28 form of RNA polymerase. Mirel DB; Chamberlin MJ J Bacteriol 171: 3095-101 (1989) The Bacillus subtilis gene hag, which codes for the flagellin structural protein, was identified by DNA sequence analysis in a collection of DNA fragments bearing in vitro promoters for the sigma 28 f89255067 A bacterial gene involved in transcription antitermination: regulation at a rho-independent terminator in the bgl operon of E. coli. Mahadevan S; Wright A Cell 50: 485-94 (1987) We have investigated the mechanism of regulation of the bgl operon in Escherichia coli K-12. A regulatory region has been located downstream of the bgl promoter, revealing a 130 base leader containing87273510 Promoter occlusion during ribosomal RNA transcription. Bateman E; Paule MR Cell 54: 985-92 (1988) The ability of RNA polymerase I to read through a promoter-bound transcription initiation factor (TIF) was assessed using a dimeric ribosomal RNA gene promoter. Transcription from the upstream promote88327863 The promoter-proximal rDNA terminator augments initiation by preventing disruption of the stable transcription complex caused by polymerase read-in. Henderson SL; Ryan K; Sollner-Webb B Genes Dev 3: 212-23 (1989) We have examined the mechanism by which transcriptional initiation at the mouse rDNA promoter is augmented by the RNA polymerase I terminator element that resides just upstream of it. Using templates 89232717 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Role of factors IID and MLTF in transcription from the adenovirus major late and IVa2 promoters. Carcamo J; Lobos S; Merino A; Buckbinder L; Weinmann R; Natarajan V; Reinberg D J Biol Chem 264: 7704-14 (1989) The role of the adenovirus major late upstream transcription factor (MLTF) in transcription from the adenovirus major late and the IVa2 promoters was studied. The transcription initiation site of the 89214225 Factors involved in specific transcription in mammanlian RNA polymerase II. Functional analysis of initiation factors IIA and IID and identification of a new factor operating at sequences downstream oReinberg D; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 262: 3322-30 (1987) Transcription from the major late promoter of adenovirus type 2 DNA (including DNA sequences from 56 nucleotides upstream to 33 nucleotides downstream of the CAP site) was reconstituted with transcrip87137612 Induction of nuclear protein factors specific for hormone-responsive region during activation of thyroglobulin gene by thyrotropin in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells. Lee NT; Nayfeh SN; Chae CB J Biol Chem 264: 7523-30 (1989) We have investigated the mechanism of stimulation of thyroglobulin gene expression by thyrotropin (TSH) and cAMP in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells. In contrast to the c-fos gene, induction of the thyroglobu89214199 Gamma interferon enhances macrophage transcription of the tumor necrosis factor/cachectin, interleukin 1, and urokinase genes, which are controlled by short-lived repressors. Collart MA; Belin D; Vassalli JD; de Kossodo S; Vassalli P J Exp Med 164: 2113-8 (1986) Exposure of mouse resident and thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages to IFN-gamma leads to a marked increase in the TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor/cachectin), IL-1 and u-PA (urokinase-type 87059662 SV40 enhancer-binding factors are required at the establishment but not the maintenance step of enhancer-dependent transcriptional activation. Wang XF; Calame K Cell 47: 241-7 (1986) We have used temperature-sensitive COS cells to design delayed competition experiments in which competition for simian virus 40 (SV40) enhancer factors occurs after enhancer-dependent transcription ha87028215 Induction of kappa transcription by interferon-gamma without activation of NF-kappa B. Briskin M; Kuwabara MD; Sigman DS; Wall R Science 242: 1036-7 (1988) The induction of immunoglobulin kappa light chain expression in 70Z/3 pre-B cells treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) requires the activation of the B cell-specific factor NF-kappa B, whic89058614 Q-mediated late gene transcription of bacteriophage lambda: RNA start point and RNase III processing sites in vivo. Daniels DL; Subbarao MN; Blattner FR; Lozeron HA Virology 167: 568-77 (1988) The location of the RNA start point of in vivo Q-activated late gene RNA of bacteriophage lambda has been determined to be identical to the start point of in vitro 6 S RNA. The 6 S RNA is made early i89073760 Regulated expression of the human cytomegalovirus pp65 gene: octamer sequence in the promoter is required for activation by viral gene products. Depto AS; Stenberg RM J Virol 63: 1232-8 (1989) To better understand the regulation of late gene expression in human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infected cells, we examined expression of the gene that codes for the 65-kilodalton lower-matrix phosphoprote89125716 Purification and characterization of TTFI, a factor that mediates termination of mouse ribosomal DNA transcription. Bartsch I; Schoneberg C; Grummt I Mol Cell Biol 8: 3891-7 (1988) Termination of rRNA gene transcription is dependent on an 18-base-pair sequence motif, AGGTCGAC CAG AT TA NTCCG (the Sal box), which is present several times in the spacer region downstream of the 3' 89127231 Repression of adenovirus early gene expression by coinfection with a temperature-sensitive mutant in the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus. Feldman LT; Ahlers SE J Virol 57: 13-7 (1986) Wild-type adenovirus was coinfected with a mutant temperature sensitive for the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus. At the nonpermissive temperature, this mutant, tsG, strongly inhibited the t86089284 Purification and characterization of a specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor. Samuels M; Sharp PA J Biol Chem 261: 2003-13 (1986) Accurate transcription by RNA polymerase II has previously been shown to require a HeLa cell fraction designated [AB] in addition to other components (Samuels, M., Fire, A., and Sharp, P. A. (1982) J.86111886 Transcription factor Sp1 recognizes a DNA sequence in the mouse dihydrofolate reductase promoter. Dynan WS; Sazer S; Tjian R; Schimke RT Nature 319: 246-8 (1986) Human (HeLa) cells contain a host-cell-encoded transcription factor, Sp1, which is required for transcription of simian virus 40 (SV40) promoters. Since the discovery of Sp1 we have been interested in86118666 Separation of DNA binding from the transcription-activating function of a eukaryotic regulatory protein. Keegan L; Gill G; Ptashne M Science 231: 699-704 (1986) The yeast GAL4 protein (881 amino acids) binds to specific DNA sites upstream of target genes and activates transcription. Derivatives of this protein bearing as few as 74 amino terminal residues bind86122884 Partial purification and characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor TFIIIB. Klekamp MS; Weil PA J Biol Chem 261: 2819-27 (1986) Methods are described for the partial purification of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae class III gene transcription factor TFIIIB from yeast whole cell extracts. A major component (30% of the total protei86140035 Positive and negative regulation of the Mu operator by Mu repressor and Escherichia coli integration host factor. Krause HM; Higgins NP J Biol Chem 261: 3744-52 (1986) Bacteriophage Mu utilizes two converging promoters to regulate the lytic and lysogenic pathways. Messenger RNA encoding the repressor gene is synthesized leftward from a promoter (PcM) located 1066 ba86140171 The 89,000-Mr murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early protein activates gene transcription. Koszinowski UH; Keil GM; Volkmer H; Fibi MR; Ebeling-Keil A; Munch K J Virol 58: 59-66 (1986) To study trans-activation of gene expression by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) immediate-early (IE) proteins, the IE coding region 1 (ie1), which encodes the 89,000-Mr IE phosphoprotein (pp89), was sta86144107 Requirement of stereospecific alignments for initiation from the simian virus 40 early promoter. Takahashi K; Vigneron M; Matthes H; Wildeman A; Zenke M; Chambon P Nature 319: 121-6 (1986) The distance between the simian virus 40 early promoter elements has been altered by inserting either odd or even multiples of half a DNA turn. There are marked differences in the in vivo effects of t86092236 Homologous recognition of a promoter domain common to the MSV LTR and the HSV tk gene. Graves BJ; Johnson PF; McKnight SL Cell 44: 565-76 (1986) We have partially purified, from rat liver, a nuclear protein fraction with sequence-specific affinity to a promoter domain shared by the herpesvirus tk gene and the Moloney murine sarcoma virus LTR. 86133549 5S RNA gene specific transcription factor (TFIIIA) changes the linking number of the DNA. Shastry BS Biochem Biophys Res Commun 134: 1086-92 (1986) The purified 5S gene specific transcription factor A (TFIIIA), when incubated with the relaxed 5S gene in the presence of topoisomerase I alters the conformation of the DNA, resulting in a change in t86130602 E1A transcription induction: enhanced binding of a factor to upstream promoter sequences. Kovesdi I; Reichel R; Nevins JR Science 231: 719-22 (1986) The adenovirus E1A gene product trans-activates a number of viral and cellular promoters. The mechanism for this transcriptional induction was investigated with an in vivo exoIII mapping technique to 86122886 A bacteriophage RNA polymerase transcribes through a Xenopus 5S RNA gene transcription complex without disrupting it. Wolffe AP; Jordan E; Brown DD Cell 44: 381-9 (1986) Conditions are described for programming with active transcription complexes essentially all the Xenopus 5S RNA genes added to an extract of Xenopus oocyte nuclei. We call this rate enhancement. Trans86106216 Spacer promoters are essential for efficient enhancement of X. laevis ribosomal transcription. De Winter RF; Moss T Cell 44: 313-8 (1986) The X. laevis ribosomal DNA spacer contains duplicated RNA polymerase I "spacer promoters" and an array of repeated 60/81 bp promoter-related sequences. The latter have been shown to enhance transcrip86106207 Importance of helical periodicity [news] Enver T; Patient R Nature 319: 99-100 (1986) 86092245 The effects of cycloheximide upon transcription of rRNA, 5 S RNA, and tRNA genes. Gokal PK; Cavanaugh AH; Thompson EA Jr J Biol Chem 261: 2536-41 (1986) The effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis upon transcription have been re-examined. Cycloheximide (1 microgram/ml) inhibits incorporation of uridine into RNA of P1798.S20 lymphosarcoma cells. Fil86139994 Transcriptional control of the Bacillus subtilis spoIID gene. Rong S; Rosenkrantz MS; Sonenshein AL J Bacteriol 165: 771-9 (1986) We cloned the wild-type allele of the spoIID locus of Bacillus subtilis. This DNA region was shown to be transcribed beginning within an hour after the onset of sporulation. The amount of spoIID mRNA 86139886 Epidermal growth factor stimulates transcription of the c-jun proto-oncogene in rat fibroblasts. Quantin B; Breathnach R Nature 334: 538-9 (1988) Some growth factor-induced genes, such as the c-fos gene, are activated rapidly and transiently without intervening protein synthesis. Others, like the rat transin gene, are activated more slowly but 88302447 [Fine structure of long terminal repeats and stages of reverse transcription of mobile dispersed genes in Drosophila] Mazo AM; Arkhipova IR; Cherkasova VA; Gorelova TV; Shuppe NG Genetika 22: 378-89 (1986) In Drosophila melanogaster cultured cells, RNA reverse transcription intermediate forms connected with initiation of minus and plus DNA strand synthesis (minus and plus strong-stop DNA) are detected f86165836 Rho-dependent transcription termination in the tryptophanase operon leader region of Escherichia coli K-12. Stewart V; Landick R; Yanofsky C J Bacteriol 166: 217-23 (1986) Recent studies have suggested that expression of the tryptophanase (tna) operon of Escherichia coli is subject to transcription termination-antitermination control (V. Stewart and C. Yanofsky, J. Bact86168018 The rho-115 mutation in transcription termination factor rho affects its primary polynucleotide binding site. Sharp JA; Guterman SK; Platt T J Biol Chem 261: 2524-8 (1986) We have investigated the effect of the rho-115 mutation on the catalytic properties of the Escherichia coli termination protein, rho. Comparison of the primary and secondary polynucleotide binding sit86139992 Sequence homology of the yeast regulatory protein ADR1 with Xenopus transcription factor TFIIIA. Hartshorne TA; Blumberg H; Young ET Nature 320: 283-7 (1986) Classical yeast genetics coupled with the cloning of regulatory genes by complementation of function is a powerful means of identifying and isolating trans-acting regulatory elements. One such regulat86175015 A nuclear factor that binds to a conserved sequence motif in transcriptional control elements of immunoglobulin genes. Singh H; Sen R; Baltimore D; Sharp PA Nature 319: 154-8 (1986) Trans-acting factors that mediate B-cell specific transcription of immunoglobulin genes have been postulated based on an analysis of the expression of exogenously introduced immunoglobulin gene recomb86092241 Purification of Xenopus laevis mitochondrial RNA polymerase and identification of a dissociable factor required for specific transcription. Bogenhagen DF; Insdorf NF Mol Cell Biol 8: 2910-6 (1988) The Xenopus laevis mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) polymerase was purified to near homogeneity with an overall yield approaching 50%. The major polypeptides in the final fraction were a doublet of proteins 88302210 Negative regulatory sequences in the EIa-inducible enhancer of the adenovirus-2 early EIIa promoter. Jalinot P; Kedinger C Nucleic Acids Res 14: 2651-69 (1986) The adenovirus type 2 early EIIa (EIIaE) transcriptional control region exhibits an EIa-dependent enhancer activity (Imperiale et al., 1985, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82, 381-385). We have determined86176756 Translational control of transcription in eukaryotes. Fink GR Cell 45: 155-6 (1986) 86189926 Activation of the adenovirus EIIa late promoter by a single-point mutation which enhances binding of transcription factor IID. Huang DH; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 263: 12596-601 (1988) We have converted the TACAAA sequence present at position -29 of the adenovirus EIIa late promoter into a canonical TATA box by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. When linear templates were analyze88315059 The role of DNA-mediated transfer of TFIIIA in the concerted gyration and differential activation of the Xenopus 5S RNA genes. Kmiec EB; Razvi F; Worcel A Cell 45: 209-18 (1986) The transcription factor of the 5S RNA gene, TFIIIA, induces gyration of oocyte- and somatic-type 5S DNA plasmids in Xenopus oocyte extracts, but oocyte 5S gyration requires a 5-fold higher TFIIIA con86189933 Identification of a cellular transcription factor involved in E1A trans-activation. Kovesdi I; Reichel R; Nevins JR Cell 45: 219-28 (1986) We have employed a gel assay to detect a transcription factor in nuclear extracts of adenovirus-infected cells that interacts with the adenovirus E2 promoter, an E1A inducible promoter. Binding of the86189934 Regulation of DNA superhelicity by rpoB mutations that suppress defective Rho-mediated transcription termination in Escherichia coli. Arnold GF; Tessman I J Bacteriol 170: 4266-71 (1988) The highly defective rho-15 mutant of Escherichia coli produces plasmid DNA that is 22% less negatively supercoiled than DNA from an isogenic wild-type strain (J. S. Fassler, G. F. Arnold, and I. Tess88314928 Novel activation of araC expression and a DNA site required for araC autoregulation in Escherichia coli B/r. Cass LG; Wilcox G J Bacteriol 170: 4174-80 (1988) Mutations in the araC gene have been isolated which alter both the activator and autoregulatory functions of AraC protein (L.G. Cass and G. Wilcox, J. Bacteriol. 166:892-900, 1986). In this study, the88314917 Trans activation by the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Morrissey LC; Barsoum J; Androphy EJ J Virol 63: 4422-5 (1989) The papillomavirus E2 protein functions as an enhancer-binding factor to promote transcription in mammalian cells. We found that one copy of the E2 binding site acted as an E2 protein-dependent upstre89382789 The human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) E2 gene product is a repressor of the HPV18 regulatory region in human keratinocytes. Bernard BA; Bailly C; Lenoir MC; Darmon M; Thierry F; Yaniv M J Virol 63: 4317-24 (1989) The human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) long control region (LCR) harbors transcriptional promoter and enhancer elements. Recombinant plasmids bearing all or part of the HPV18 LCR cloned in enhancer 89382776 Transcription of glnA in E. coli is stimulated by activator bound to sites far from the promoter. Reitzer LJ; Magasanik B Cell 45: 785-92 (1986) Transcription of the Escherichia coli glnALG operon, whose products are glutamine synthetase and the regulatory proteins NRII and NRI, is activated by nitrogen deprivation. Initiation of transcription86218092 Human rRNA transcription is modulated by the coordinate binding of two factors to an upstream control element. Learned RM; Learned TK; Haltiner MM; Tjian RT Cell 45: 847-57 (1986) The human rRNA promoter contains two distinct cis-control sequences, the core and upstream control element (UCE), that serve as the target for binding cellular trans-activating proteins involved in tr86218098 Adenovirus stimulation of transcription by RNA polymerase III: evidence for an E1A-dependent increase in transcription factor IIIC concentration. Yoshinaga S; Dean N; Han M; Berk AJ EMBO J 5: 343-54 (1986) Human cells expressing adenovirus E1A proteins transcribe transfected tRNA and adenovirus VAI genes at greater than 10-fold higher levels than uninfected HeLa cells. Here we show that the increased tr86220113 The repressor of the PEP:fructose phosphotransferase system is required for the transcription of the pps gene of Escherichia coli. Geerse RH; van der Pluijm J; Postma PW Mol Gen Genet 218: 348-52 (1989) We have cloned the pps gene, coding for PEP synthase, of Escherichia coli. PEP synthase catalyses the ATP-dependent conversion of pyruvate into phosphoenol-pyruvate and is required for gluconeogenesis89384462 Identification of factors specific for transcription of the late class of vaccinia virus genes. Wright CF; Moss B J Virol 63: 4224-33 (1989) Cytoplasmic extracts made from HeLa cells that have been harvested late after infection with vaccinia virus are capable of specifically transcribing templates containing vaccinia virus late-gene promo89382764 Repression of polyoma virus DNA replication by 5'-flanking region of mouse DNA polymerase beta gene containing transcriptional silencer elements. Yamaguchi M; Matsukage A J Biol Chem 264: 16887-91 (1989) Dual cis-acting silencer elements are located upstream of the mouse DNA polymerase beta gene (Yamaguchi, M., Hayashi, Y., and Matsukage, A. (1989) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 105, 79-83). In order to examine 89380324 Autogenous regulation of the gene for transcription termination factor rho in Escherichia coli: localization and function of its attenuators. Matsumoto Y; Shigesada K; Hirano M; Imai M J Bacteriol 166: 945-58 (1986) We present evidence that the expression of rho is regulated by rho-dependent attenuation of transcription. Gene fusion analysis with nested series of deletions of rho indicated that the transcription 86223816 The antimitogenic action of tumor necrosis factor is associated with increased AP-1/c-jun proto-oncogene transcription. Dixit VM; Marks RM; Sarma V; Prochownik EV J Biol Chem 264: 16905-9 (1989) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) mediates its in vivo antineoplastic effect primarily through its action on the endothelial surfaces of tumor vessels. Among other changes, endothelial cells increase 89380327 Evidence for direct regulation of diphtheria toxin gene transcription by an Fe2+-dependent DNA-binding repressor, DtoxR, in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Fourel G; Phalipon A; Kaczorek M Infect Immun 57: 3221-5 (1989) Previous studies provided indirect evidence that in Corynebacterium diphtheriae regulation of diphtheria toxin gene (tox) transcription by iron is mediated by a bacterial repressor. By performing in v89379392 Cell-specific expression of the prolactin gene in transgenic mice is controlled by synergistic interactions between promoter and enhancer elements. Crenshaw EB 3d; Kalla K; Simmons DM; Swanson LW; Rosenfeld MG Genes Dev 3: 959-72 (1989) Prolactin gene expression is restricted to the lactotrophic and somatomammotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary. In transgenic mice, a fusion gene consisting of 3 kb of prolactin 5'-flanking region89378743 A pituitary POU domain protein, Pit-1, activates both growth hormone and prolactin promoters transcriptionally. Mangalam HJ; Albert VR; Ingraham HA; Kapiloff M; Wilson L; Nelson C; Elsholtz H; Rosenfeld MG Genes Dev 3: 946-58 (1989) The anterior pituitary gland provides a model for investigating the molecular basis for the appearance of phenotypically distinct cell types within an organ, a central question in development. The rat89378742 A single glutamic acid residue plays a key role in the transcriptional activation function of lambda repressor. Bushman FD; Shang C; Ptashne M Cell 58: 1163-71 (1989) Previous experiments have suggested that negative charge is an important aspect of the activating region of lambda repressor as it is for at least one class of eukaryotic transcriptional activators. H89376567 Transcription of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA gene. Jacob ST Mol Cell Biochem 70: 11-20 (1986) Remarkable advances have been made in the identification of the promoter regions for the ribosomal RNA genes from lower and higher eukaryotes. There has been some progress in the elucidation of the fa86230569 Yeast heat shock factor is an essential DNA-binding protein that exhibits temperature-dependent phosphorylation. Sorger PK; Pelham HR Cell 54: 855-64 (1988) Heat shock promoters contain one or more binding sites for a specific heat shock factor (HSF). We report the cloning and sequence of the gene encoding yeast HSF, and demonstrate that HSF is required f88311088 Isolation of the gene encoding the S. cerevisiae heat shock transcription factor. Wiederrecht G; Seto D; Parker CS Cell 54: 841-53 (1988) The yeast heat shock transcription factor gene, HSF1, has been isolated from an S. cerevisiae genomic expression library (in lambda gt11). The sequenced gene encodes an 833 amino acid protein having a88311087 Nucleotide sequence and organization of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase major sigma (sigma 43) operon. Wang LF; Doi RH Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4293-307 (1986) The gene coding for Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase major sigma 43, rpoD, was cloned together with its neighboring genes in a 7 kb EcoRI fragment. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 5 kb fragment 86232559 CRE-binding proteins interact cooperatively to enhance placental-specific expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene. Nilson JH; Bokar JA; Andersen B; Bohinski R; Kennedy G; Keri RA; Farmerie TA; Fenstermaker RA Ann N Y Acad Sci 564: 77-85 (1989) The 18-bp direct repeat occurring between positions -146 and -111 in the 5'-flanking region of the human alpha-subunit gene serves two functions: it mediates the transcriptional effect of cAMP and it 89372584 Protein binding domains of the rat thyroglobulin promoter. Ursini MV; Gallo A; Olivetta E; Musti AM Biochem Biophys Res Commun 163: 481-8 (1989) We have previously shown that DNA elements controlling tissue specific expression of the rat thyroglobulin gene extend 170 bp upstream of the cap site and have identified a thyroid specific nuclear fa89374271 Protein factor(s) binding independently to two different regions of the adenovirus 2 major late promoter. Shi XP; Lee R; Weinmann R Nucleic Acids Res 14: 3729-44 (1986) The protein factor(s) in a fraction from the HeLa cell nuclear extract required for specific in vitro transcription can specifically bind to adenovirus 2 major late promoter (Ad 2 MLP) DNA. We demonst86232615 Signal transduction and transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoid receptor-LexA fusion proteins. Godowski PJ; Picard D; Yamamoto KR Science 241: 812-6 (1988) The glucocorticoid receptor regulates transcriptional initiation upon binding to its cognate hormone. A series of fusion genes was constructed to examine the mechanism of hormone-regulated transcripti88305345 Identification of a protein factor binding to the 5'-flanking region of a tRNA gene and being involved in modulation of tRNA gene transcription in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Marschalek R; Dingermann T Nucleic Acids Res 16: 6737-52 (1988) Control mechanisms of tRNA gene transcription were studied in vivo in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In order to be able to monitor in vivo transcription products of an individual tRNA gene, a 'tester gene88303307 Effect of ethylation of operator-phosphates on Gal repressor binding. DNA contortion by repressor. Majumdar A; Adhya S J Mol Biol 208: 217-23 (1989) Gal repressor inhibits transcription by binding to two operators (OE and OI) in the gal operon. By ethylating DNA, we have identified 23 phosphate groups (11 on OE and 12 in OI) in the DNA backbone of89362469 Characterization of the adr1-1 nonsense mutation identifies the translational start of the yeast transcriptional activator ADR1. Bemis LT; Denis CL Yeast 5: 291-8 (1989) We have characterized a nonsense mutation in the ADR1 gene that identifies the translational start of the ADR1 protein. The ADR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for synthesis of the gluco89389493 An underlying repeat in some transcriptional control sequences corresponding to half a double helical turn of DNA. Rhodes D; Klug A Cell 46: 123-32 (1986) Transcription factor IIIA, which binds to the internal control region of the Xenopus 5S RNA gene has a novel structure consisting of nine tandemly repeated structural units. It was proposed by us that86245047 Human H4 histone gene transcription requires the proliferation-specific nuclear factor HiNF-D. Auxiliary roles for HiNF-C (Sp1-like) and HiNF-A (high mobility group-like). van Wijnen AJ; Wright KL; Lian JB; Stein JL; Stein GS J Biol Chem 264: 15034-42 (1989) The proximal promoter of the human H4 histone gene F0108 contains two in vivo protein binding domains, sites I and II. In this report we show that these sequences interact with three nuclear factors: 89359315 Nuclear factor ETF specifically stimulates transcription from promoters without a TATA box. Kageyama R; Merlino GT; Pastan I J Biol Chem 264: 15508-14 (1989) Transcription factor ETF stimulates the expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene which does not have a TATA box in the promoter region. Here, we show that ETF recognizes various 89359391 Transcriptional antitermination activity of the synthetic nut elements of coliphage lambda. I. Assembly of the nutR recognition site from boxA and nut core elements. Brown AL; Szybalski W Gene 42: E125-32 (1986) An active nutR antiterminator was reconstructed from two synthetic modules, one containing the 8-bp boxA (5'-CGCTCTTA) and the other the 17-bp nutR core (5'-AGCCCTGAAAAAGGGCA) sequence. The modules we86248670 A discrete element 3' of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 mRNA initiation sites mediates transcriptional activation by an HIV trans activator. Jakobovits A; Smith DH; Jakobovits EB; Capon DJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 2555-61 (1988) An important point of regulation in the reproductive growth and latency of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively) is provided by virally encoded trans-activators (ta88302166 Sp1, a CAAT-binding factor, and the adenovirus major late promoter transcription factor interact with functional regions of the gamma-fibrinogen promoter. Morgan JG; Courtois G; Fourel G; Chodosh LA; Campbell L; Evans E; Crabtree GR Mol Cell Biol 8: 2628-37 (1988) To study the factors which influence the coordinately and developmentally regulated expression of the three adjacent fibrinogen genes, we have defined the functional regions of the gamma-fibrinogen pr88302175 The transition state transcription regulator abrB of Bacillus subtilis is a DNA binding protein. Strauch MA; Spiegelman GB; Perego M; Johnson WC; Burbulys D; Hoch JA EMBO J 8: 1615-21 (1989) The product of the abrB gene of Bacillus subtilis is an ambiactive repressor and activator of the transcription of genes expressed during the transition state between vegetative growth and the onset o89356632 cis- and trans-acting regulation of gene expression of equine infectious anemia virus. Dorn PL; Derse D J Virol 62: 3522-6 (1988) Deletion analysis of the equine infectious anemia virus long terminal repeat revealed that sequences responsive to virus-specific transactivation are located within the region spanning the transcripti88300913 Transforming growth factor-alpha stimulates proto-oncogene c-jun expression and a mitogenic program in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Brenner DA; Koch KS; Leffert HL DNA 8: 279-85 (1989) Human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha, MW 5547) initiates a mitogenic program in "quiescent" 11-to 13-day-old primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Using validated growth reinitiation89356256 Multiple forms of the human gene-specific transcription factor USF. II. DNA binding properties and transcriptional activity of the purified HeLa USF. Sawadogo M J Biol Chem 263: 11994-2001 (1988) The gene-specific upstream stimulatory transcription factor (USF) is required for maximal expression of the adenovirus major late promoter in vivo as well as in vitro. We have examined the DNA binding88298883 Evidence for cooperativity between E2 binding sites in E2 trans-regulation of bovine papillomavirus type 1. Spalholz BA; Byrne JC; Howley PM J Virol 62: 3143-50 (1988) The long control region of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) can function in an orientation- and position-independent manner as an E2-dependent enhancer. Dissection of the long control region has r88300862 Multiple forms of the human gene-specific transcription factor USF. I. Complete purification and identification of USF from HeLa cell nuclei. Sawadogo M; Van Dyke MW; Gregor PD; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 263: 11985-93 (1988) The human gene-specific upstream stimulatory transcription factor (USF) is required, both in vivo and in vitro, for maximal expression of the major late promoter (MLP) of adenovirus. We report here th88298882 Promoter selectivity of prokaryotic RNA polymerases. Ishihama A Trends Genet 4: 282-6 (1988) 89347648 Heat shock response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Allan B; Linseman M; MacDonald LA; Lam JS; Kropinski AM J Bacteriol 170: 3668-74 (1988) The general properties of the heat shock response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were characterized. The transfer of cells from 30 to 45 degrees C repressed the synthesis of many cellular proteins and led 88298679 Identification of a protein-binding site that mediates transcriptional response of the c-fos gene to serum factors. Treisman R Cell 46: 567-74 (1986) Transient transcriptional activation of the c-fos gene following serum stimulation of susceptible cells requires a conserved DNA element located 300 bp 5' to the mRNA cap site. A DNA-binding gel elect86272105 Critical roles of spo0A and spo0H in vegetative alkaline phosphatase production in Bacillus subtilis. Hulett FM; Jensen K J Bacteriol 170: 3765-8 (1988) Growth conditions established to optimize vegetative alkaline phosphatase production and stability in Bacillus subtilis were used to compare alkaline phosphatase synthesis and secretion in isogenic st88298696 Resolution and partial characterization of factors required for in vitro transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Kitajima S; Kawaguchi T; Yasukochi Y; Weissman SM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 6106-10 (1989) Multiple protein factors from HeLa cells are necessary for the accurate initiation of transcription on minimal promoters in vitro. We have partially purified these factors by chromatographic methods. 89345614 Cis-acting elements of the sea urchin histone H2A modulator bind transcriptional factors. Palla F; Casano C; Albanese I; Anello L; Gianguzza F; Di Bernardo MG; Bonura C; Spinelli G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 6033-7 (1989) Functional tests, performed by microinjection into Xenopus laevis oocytes, show that a DNA fragment containing the modulator of the early histone H2A gene of Paracentrotus lividus enhances transcripti89345599 In vitro transcription from the late promoter of bacteriophage P4. Keener J; Dale EC; Kustu S; Calendar R J Bacteriol 170: 3543-6 (1988) The late genes of satellite bacteriophage P4 are cotranscribed from a single promoter which shares little homology with known classes of Escherichia coli promoters (E. Dale, G. Christie, and R. Calend88298662 Role of ner protein in bacteriophage Mu transposition. Goosen N; van de Putte P J Bacteriol 167: 503-7 (1986) The Ner protein of bacteriophage Mu negatively regulates transcription initiated at the early promoter and at the major repressor promoter. The construction and isolation of a Ner- mutant of Mu is des86277904 Structural analysis of the ileR locus of Escherichia coli K12. Weiss DL; Johnson DI; Weith HL; Somerville RL J Biol Chem 261: 9966-71 (1986) The Ile repressor protein negatively controls expression from the ilv and thr promoters of Escherichia coli K12. Its existence was inferred from an analysis of the phenotypes of the ileR mutant avr-1686278038 Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli mutants that lack the heat shock sigma factor sigma 32. Zhou YN; Kusukawa N; Erickson JW; Gross CA; Yura T J Bacteriol 170: 3640-9 (1988) The product of the Escherichia coli rpoH (htpR) gene, sigma 32, is required for heat-inducible transcription of the heat shock genes. Previous studies on the role of sigma 32 in growth at low temperat88298675 Changes in the half-life of ribosomal protein messenger RNA caused by translational repression. Cole JR; Nomura M J Mol Biol 188: 383-92 (1986) The half-life of ribosomal protein operon L11 mRNA in vivo was measured during exponential growth by following the kinetics of incorporation of radioactive precursors into L11 mRNA transcribed from mu86281696 Mechanism of autonomous control of the Escherichia coli F plasmid: different complexes of the initiator/repressor protein are bound to its operator and to an F plasmid replication origin. Masson L; Ray DS Nucleic Acids Res 14: 5693-711 (1986) E protein, the 29 kd product of the F plasmid repE gene, plays both positive and negative roles in the autoregulation of F replication. We have cloned and expressed the repE gene in an inducible ATG-f86286583 Micrococcal nuclease as a probe for bound and distorted DNA in lac transcription and repression complexes. Zhang L; Gralla JD Nucleic Acids Res 17: 5017-28 (1989) Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) is used to probe the structure of transcription and repression complexes at the lac regulatory region in vitro. Both the lac operator, 01, and the pseudo-operator, 03, are89345067 Association of charge clusters with functional domains of cellular transcription factors. Brendel V; Karlin S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 5698-702 (1989) Using rigorous statistical methods, we have identified and evaluated unusual properties of the distribution of charged residues within the sequences of eukaryotic cellular transcription factors. Virtu89345534 Transcription factor IIIB generates extended DNA interactions in RNA polymerase III transcription complexes on tRNA genes. Kassavetis GA; Riggs DL; Negri R; Nguyen LH; Geiduschek EP Mol Cell Biol 9: 2551-66 (1989) Transcription complexes that assemble on tRNA genes in a crude Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell extract extend over the entire transcription unit and approximately 40 base pairs of contiguous 5'-flanking89343973 Transcription of cloned eukaryotic ribosomal RNA genes. Sollner-Webb B; Tower J Annu Rev Biochem 55: 801-30 (1986) 86294346 Transcription fraction TFIIIC can regulate differential Xenopus 5S RNA gene transcription in vitro. Wolffe AP EMBO J 7: 1071-9 (1988) An extract of whole oocytes (oocyte S150) differentially transcribes Xenopus oocyte and somatic 5S RNA genes. In the oocyte S150, transcription complexes with different stabilities are assembled onto 88296411 The c-Fos protein interacts with c-Jun/AP-1 to stimulate transcription of AP-1 responsive genes. Chiu R; Boyle WJ; Meek J; Smeal T; Hunter T; Karin M Cell 54: 541-52 (1988) Cell lines stably transfected with metal inducible, MT-fos chimeric genes were used to study the ability of the c-fos gene product, Fos, to act as a transcriptional trans-activator. In 3T3MTfos cells,88295129 Transcription complexes that program Xenopus 5S RNA genes are stable in vivo. Darby MK; Andrews MT; Brown DD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5516-20 (1988) The long-term stability of transcription complexes on 5S RNA genes has been demonstrated in vivo. Complexes on oocyte and somatic-type 5S RNA genes injected into Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei are stabl88289752 Genomic response to growth factors. Nathans D; Lau LF; Christy B; Hartzell S; Nakabeppu Y; Ryder K Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 893-900 (1988) 89337556 Regulation of transcription. Flexible interpretation [news] Short NJ Nature 334: 192-3 (1988) 88288387 A family of human CCAAT-box-binding proteins active in transcription and DNA replication: cloning and expression of multiple cDNAs. Santoro C; Mermod N; Andrews PC; Tjian R Nature 334: 218-24 (1988) The CTF/NF-I group of cellular DNA binding proteins recognizes the sequence GCCAAT and is implicated in eukaryotic transcription as well as DNA replication. Molecular analysis of human CTF/NF-I comple88288392 Prokaryotic gene expression in vitro: transcription-translation coupled systems. Cenatiempo Y Biochimie 68: 505-15 (1986) Transcription-translation coupled systems have been developed to study prokaryotic gene expression. Several types of expression system have been described. The original system consists of a crude unfr86296809 Transcriptional regulation by the AP-1 family of enhancer-binding proteins: a nuclear target for signal transduction. Bohmann D; Admon A; Turner DR; Tjian R Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 695-700 (1988) 89337533 YAP1 encodes a yeast homolog of mammalian transcription factor AP-1. Moye-Rowley WS; Harshman KD; Parker CS Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 711-7 (1988) 89337535 Jun: oncogene and transcriptional regulator. Ball AR Jr; Bos TJ; Loliger C; Nagata LP; Nishimura T; Su H; Tsuchie H; Vogt PK Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 687-93 (1988) 89337532 Assembly of a yeast 5 S RNA gene transcription complex. Segall J J Biol Chem 261: 11578-84 (1986) The assembly of the yeast transcription factors IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC, represented by crude chromatographic fractions, into a stable complex on the 5 S RNA gene has been assessed using a template compe86304282 Heavy metal ions in transcription factors from HeLa cells: Sp1, but not octamer transcription factor requires zinc for DNA binding and for activator function. Westin G; Schaffner W Nucleic Acids Res 16: 5771-81 (1988) Zinc is an important cofactor for many enzymes involved in nucleic acid metabolism such as DNA and RNA polymerases, reverse transcriptase and tRNA synthetases. We have developed an inducible in vitro 88289333 Response and binding elements for ligand-dependent positive transcription factors integrate positive and negative regulation of gene expression. Rosenfeld MG; Glass CK; Adler S; Crenshaw EB 3d; He X; Lira SA; Elsholtz HP; Mangalam HJ; Holloway JM; Nelson C; et al Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 1: 545-56 (1988) 89337507 A purified Drosophila homeodomain protein represses transcription in vitro. Biggin MD; Tjian R Cell 58: 433-40 (1989) even-skipped (eve) is a homeodomain-encoding gene that is a genetically defined repressor of Ultrabithorax (Ubx), fushi-tarazu (ftz), and wingless (wg). Here we report that purified eve protein repres89336775 Transcription of 5S RNA genes containing insertion mutation and the assembly of preinitiation complexes. Shastry BS Biochem Biophys Res Commun 162: 639-45 (1989) The transcription of Xenopus 5S RNA genes containing insertions in and around the intragenic control region has been analyzed in a HeLa cell-free system. A 15 bp insertion within the intragenic region89334870 Catabolite control of the elevation of PGK mRNA levels by heat shock in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Piper PW; Curran B; Davies MW; Hirst K; Lockheart A; Seward K Mol Microbiol 2: 353-61 (1988) Heat shock enhances the very high level of transcription of the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene in fermentative cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This response of PGK mRNA levels was not found 88288049 A novel genetic system to detect protein-protein interactions. Fields S; Song O Nature 340: 245-6 (1989) Protein-protein interactions between two proteins have generally been studied using biochemical techniques such as crosslinking, co-immunoprecipitation and co-fractionation by chromatography. We have 89330544 Cellular transcription factor binds to adenovirus early region promoters and to a cyclic AMP response element. Leza MA; Hearing P J Virol 62: 3003-13 (1988) We have analyzed the sequences that regulate the transcription of adenovirus type 5 early region 4 (E4). A region located immediately upstream of the E4 TATA box is required for efficient E4 transcrip88275073 HIV-1 TAT "activates" presynthesized RNA in the nucleus. Braddock M; Chambers A; Wilson W; Esnouf MP; Adams SE; Kingsman AJ; Kingsman SM Cell 58: 269-79 (1989) Replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) depends upon the viral TAT protein. TAT stimulates gene expression via a target response sequence (TAR) located within the HIV-1 LTR. As TAR is 89324073 Mutational analysis of HIV-1 Tat minimal domain peptides: identification of trans-dominant mutants that suppress HIV-LTR-driven gene expression. Green M; Ishino M; Loewenstein PM Cell 58: 215-23 (1989) The HIV-1 Tat protein is a potent trans-activator essential for virus replication. We reported previously that HIV-1 Tat peptides containing residues 37-48 (mainly region II), a possible activating re89324055 Functional dissection of the HIV-1 Rev trans-activator--derivation of a trans-dominant repressor of Rev function. Malim MH; Bohnlein S; Hauber J; Cullen BR Cell 58: 205-14 (1989) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) encodes a nuclear trans-activator, termed Rev, that is required for the expression of the viral structural proteins and, hence, for viral replication. The R89324054 Lability of leukosis virus enhancer-binding proteins in avian hematopoeitic cells. Ruddell A; Linial M; Schubach W; Groudine M J Virol 62: 2728-35 (1988) Bursal lymphomas induced by avian leukosis virus (ALV) are characterized by integration of long terminal repeat (LTR) enhancer sequences next to the myc proto-oncogene and by subsequent myc hyperexpre88275040 Gene Q antiterminator proteins of Escherichia coli phages 82 and lambda suppress pausing by RNA polymerase at a rho-dependent terminator and at other sites. Yang XJ; Roberts JW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 5301-5 (1989) The Q genes of phages lambda and 82 encode transcription antiterminators that are active in vitro in a purified transcription system. Transcription termination is thought to involve two distinct steps89315785 Purification of a factor required for transcription of vaccinia virus early genes. Broyles SS; Yuen L; Shuman S; Moss B J Biol Chem 263: 10754-60 (1988) Partially purified DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from infectious vaccinia virus particles exhibits the following two activities: 1) specific transcription of double-stranded DNA templates containing va88273196 Purification and biochemical characterization of the promoter-specific transcription factor, Sp1. Briggs MR; Kadonaga JT; Bell SP; Tjian R Science 234: 47-52 (1986) The biochemical analysis of cellular trans-activators involved in promoter recognition provides an important step toward understanding the mechanisms of gene expression in animal cells. The promoter s86315855 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. RNA polymerase II-associating protein 30 is an essential component of transcription factor IIF. Flores O; Maldonado E; Burton Z; Greenblatt J; Reinberg D J Biol Chem 263: 10812-6 (1988) Transcription from class II promoters requires five general factors, IIA, IIB, IID, IIE, and IIF, in addition to RNA polymerase II for basal levels of transcription (Reinberg, D., Flores, O., and Buck88273203 Expression of raf oncogenes activates the PEA1 transcription factor motif. Wasylyk C; Wasylyk B; Heidecker G; Huleihel M; Rapp UR Mol Cell Biol 9: 2247-50 (1989) PEA1 (AP1) motif transcription enhancer activity was stimulated by v-raf and more efficiently by activated c-raf-1 or A-raf than by their normal counterparts, in agreement with a role for PEA1 in tran89313776 Transcription signals and factors in Escherichia coli. Ishihama A Adv Biophys 21: 163-73 (1986) 86319525 Escherichia coli proteins involved in regulation of transcription termination: function, structure, and expression of the nusA and nusB genes. Imamoto F; Nakamura Y Adv Biophys 21: 175-92 (1986) 86319526 Identification of a downstream sequence and binding protein that regulate adenovirus major late promoter transcription in vitro. Cohen RB; Yang L; Thompson JA; Safer B J Biol Chem 263: 10377-85 (1988) Gel electrophoresis mobility shift and DNase I footprint assays detect a cellular nuclear protein in extracts made from uninfected human cells which binds to a downstream promoter sequence (DPS) in th88273141 Interaction of nuclear proteins with a positive cis-acting element of rat embryonic myosin heavy-chain promoter: identification of a new transcriptional factor. Yu YT; Nadal-Ginard B Mol Cell Biol 9: 1839-49 (1989) A DNA fragment of the rat embryonic myosin heavy-chain promoter (MHCemb) has been found to specifically bind a nuclear factor (NFe) present in extracts prepared from mouse C2 myoblasts, myotubes, and 89313727 Adeno-associated virus P5 promoter contains an adenovirus E1A-inducible element and a binding site for the major late transcription factor. Chang LS; Shi Y; Shenk T J Virol 63: 3479-88 (1989) Activity of the adeno-associated virus P5 transcriptional control region was found to be induced by adenovirus E1A gene products. A pair of adjacent sequence elements was found to mediate both basal a89311641 The hormone-binding domains of the estrogen and glucocorticoid receptors contain an inducible transcription activation function. Webster NJ; Green S; Jin JR; Chambon P Cell 54: 199-207 (1988) We have constructed novel chimeric receptors, GAL-ER and GAL-GR, consisting of the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcription factor GAL4 joined to the C-terminal region containing the hormone-bind88270499 Turning lambda Cro into a transcriptional activator. Bushman FD; Ptashne M Cell 54: 191-7 (1988) According to our present understanding, lambda repressor bound to DNA stimulates transcription by touching RNA polymerase bound at an adjacent promoter. The part of repressor required for activation w88270498 DNA bending by negative regulatory proteins: Gal and Lac repressors. Zwieb C; Kim J; Adhya S Genes Dev 3: 606-11 (1989) The ability of two negative regulatory proteins, Gal and Lac repressors, to induce DNA bending was tested by the respective cloning of gal and lac operator DNA sequences into a sensitive vector, pBend89306598 Identification and purification of a human immunoglobulin-enhancer-binding protein (NF-kappa B) that activates transcription from a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 promoter in vitro. Kawakami K; Scheidereit C; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 4700-4 (1988) The enhancer-binding factor NF-kappa B, which is found only in cells that transcribe immunoglobulin light chain genes, has been purified from nuclear extracts of Namalwa cells (human Burkitt lymphoma 88263016 The open reading frame S of visna virus genome is a trans-activating gene. Gourdou I; Mazarin V; Querat G; Sauze N; Vigne R Virology 171: 170-8 (1989) Soon after infection of ovine cell cultures, visna virus expression is first indicated by the accumulation of two multi-spliced transcripts of 1.2 and 1.6 kb that at present we have renamed 1.4 and 1.89299455 Sequences in E1A proteins of human adenovirus 5 required for cell transformation, repression of a transcriptional enhancer, and induction of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Jelsma TN; Howe JA; Mymryk JS; Evelegh CM; Cunniff NF; Bayley ST Virology 171: 120-30 (1989) A range of deletion and other mutants in the coding region of the E1A gene of Ad5 has been assayed for transformation of baby rat kidney (BRK) cells in cooperation with ras, repression of the SV40 enh89299449 Transcriptional selectivity of viral genes in mammalian cells. McKnight S; Tjian R Cell 46: 795-805 (1986) 87002447 Specific binding of a HeLa cell nuclear protein to RNA sequences in the human immunodeficiency virus transactivating region. Gaynor R; Soultanakis E; Kuwabara M; Garcia J; Sigman DS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 4858-62 (1989) The transactivator protein, tat, encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus is a key regulator of viral transcription. Activation by the tat protein requires sequences downstream of the transcription89296903 An adenovirus E1a protein region required for transformation and transcriptional repression. Lillie JW; Green M; Green MR Cell 46: 1043-51 (1986) The adenovirus E1a region encodes two closely related gene products: 243 and 289 amino acid phosphoproteins. These proteins differ in their primary sequence only by 46 amino acids unique to the 289 am87002469 Transcriptional activation of HLA-DR alpha by interferon gamma requires a trans-acting protein. Blanar MA; Boettger EC; Flavell RA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 4672-6 (1988) Stimulation of the human epithelial-like cell line, HeLa, with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) induces steady-state levels of HLA-DR alpha mRNA. Using a sensitive RNase-mapping procedure, we detect induc88263010 Altered promoter recognition by mutant forms of the sigma 70 subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Siegele DA; Hu JC; Walter WA; Gross CA J Mol Biol 206: 591-603 (1989) We have systematically assayed the in vivo promoter recognition properties of 13 mutations in rpoD, the gene that encodes the sigma 70 subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme, using tran89293825 Loss of sigma-factor of RNA polymerase of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae during phage Xp10 infection. Liao YD; Kuo TT J Biol Chem 261: 13714-9 (1986) Ten min after infection of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae by phage Xp10, a sharp decrease in the activity of the host RNA polymerase was observed. Host RNA polymerase from phage-infected and uninfe87008609 Trans-activation of transcription, from promoters containing immunoglobulin gene octamer sequences, by myeloma cell mRNA in Xenopus oocytes. Sweeney GE; Old RW Nucleic Acids Res 16: 4903-13 (1988) To study factors required for immunoglobulin gene transcription hybrid promoters were made by linking octamer elements to a Xenopus albumin gene construct containing only 50bp of the albumin gene prom88262485 Molecular genetics of dopa decarboxylase and biogenic amines in Drosophila. Hirsh J Dev Genet 10: 232-8 (1989) The gene Ddc encodes two isoforms of the enzyme dopa decarboxylase in Drosophila. These gene products catalyze the final steps in the synthesis of the biogenic amines serotonin and dopamine. This arti89288757 DNA specificity of the bicoid activator protein is determined by homeodomain recognition helix residue 9. Hanes SD; Brent R Cell 57: 1275-83 (1989) Formation of anterior structures in the Drosophila embryo requires the product of the gene bicoid. The bicoid protein contains a homeodomain and may exert its effects in early development by regulatin89288327 The gradient morphogen bicoid is a concentration-dependent transcriptional activator. Struhl G; Struhl K; Macdonald PM Cell 57: 1259-73 (1989) The bicoid (bcd) protein is expressed in an anteroposterior gradient in early Drosophila embryos and controls the zygotic activation of the segmentation gene hunchback (hb) in a broad but precisely bo89288326 Two amino acids within the knuckle of the first zinc finger specify DNA response element activation by the glucocorticoid receptor. Danielsen M; Hinck L; Ringold GM Cell 57: 1131-8 (1989) The specificity of target gene activation by steroid receptors is encoded within a small, cysteine-rich domain that is believed to form two zinc-coordinated fingers. Here we show that the ability of g89288314 Transcriptional activation by the Antennapedia and fushi tarazu proteins in cultured Drosophila cells. Winslow GM; Hayashi S; Krasnow M; Hogness DS; Scott MP Cell 57: 1017-30 (1989) Drosophila homeodomain proteins bind to specific DNA sequences in vitro and are hypothesized to regulate the transcription of other genes during development. Using a cotransfection assay, we have show89288289 Transcriptional-translational regulatory circuit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae which involves the GCN4 transcriptional activator and the GCN2 protein kinase. Roussou I; Thireos G; Hauge BM Mol Cell Biol 8: 2132-9 (1988) GCN4 protein mediates the transcriptional activation of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by specifically binding to DNA sequences in their 5'-regulatory regions. GCN4 expressi88261291 Saturation mutagenesis of the yeast his3 regulatory site: requirements for transcriptional induction and for binding by GCN4 activator protein. Hill DE; Hope IA; Macke JP; Struhl K Science 234: 451-7 (1986) Expression of the yeast his3 and other amino acid biosynthetic genes is induced during conditions of amino acid starvation. The coordination of this response is mediated by a positive regulatory prote87018821 Adenovirus E1a ras cooperation activity is separate from its positive and negative transcription regulatory functions. Velcich A; Ziff E Mol Cell Biol 8: 2177-83 (1988) The E1a gene of adenovirus encodes two proteins, 289 and 243 amino acids long, which have positive (transactivator) and negative (enhancer repressor) RNA polymerase II transcriptional regulatory prope88261296 DNA replication in vitro erases a Xenopus 5S RNA gene transcription complex. Wolffe AP; Brown DD Cell 47: 217-27 (1986) Replication of the Xenopus laevis 5S RNA gene in vitro is unimpeded by the presence of a complete transcription complex assembled on the internal control region of the gene. The transcription complex 87028213 Events during eucaryotic rRNA transcription initiation and elongation: conversion from the closed to the open promoter complex requires nucleotide substrates. Bateman E; Paule MR Mol Cell Biol 8: 1940-6 (1988) Chemical footprinting and topological analysis were carried out on the Acanthamoeba castellanii rRNA transcription initiation factor (TIF) and RNA polymerase I complexes with DNA during transcription 88261269 Regulation of eukaryotic ribosomal RNA transcription by RNA polymerase modification. Bateman E; Paule MR Cell 47: 445-50 (1986) Forms of RNA polymerase I prepared from growing or encysted Acanthamoeba are equal in the ability to transcribe poly(dl:dC). Polymerase from cysts, whose rRNA genes are transcriptionally inactive, is 87028236 Regulation of transforming growth factor alpha messenger RNA expression in a chemically transformed rat hepatic epithelial cell line by phorbol ester and hormones. Raymond VW; Lee DC; Grisham JW; Earp HS Cancer Res 49: 3608-12 (1989) Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is produced by many transformed cells, but little is known about the regulation of its expression. We examined TGF-alpha mRNA levels in a set of cloned neo89275079 A mammalian viral enhancer confers transcriptional regulation in yeast. Fodor EJ; Yen TS; Rutter WJ J Biol Chem 263: 9569-72 (1988) Transcriptional enhancers are DNA sequences that regulate RNA transcription from linked promoters by binding to cellular proteins (trans-activators). In the mammalian virus SV40, initiation of transcr88257073 Gene encoding sigma E is transcribed from a sigma A-like promoter in Bacillus subtilis. Kenney TJ; Kirchman PA; Moran CP Jr J Bacteriol 170: 3058-64 (1988) Bacillus subtilis produces several RNA polymerase sigma factors. At least two of these factors are essential for endospore formation, sigma H, which is present in vegetative cells, and sigma E, which 88257020 The core promoter of mouse rDNA consists of two functionally distinct domains. Clos J; Normann A; Ohrlein A; Grummt I Nucleic Acids Res 14: 7581-95 (1986) We have determined the sequences constituting the minimal promoter of mouse rDNA. A very small region immediately upstream of the transcription start site (from -1 to -39) is sufficient to direct corr87040727 High level production and rapid purification of the E. coli trp repressor. Paluh JL; Yanofsky C Nucleic Acids Res 14: 7851-60 (1986) Two small, multicopy, expression plasmids were constructed that permit convenient insertion of trpR, the structural gene for the trp repressor of Escherichia coli, with its natural ribosome binding si87040758 Tn7 transposition: a multigene process. Identification of a regulatory gene product. Smith GM; Jones P Nucleic Acids Res 14: 7915-27 (1986) Tn7 transposition is abolished by the deletion of a 2.2kb HindIII fragment from the central region of the transposon. Transposition is restored when the fragment is present in trans. When this fragmen87040763 Cyclic AMP-cyclic AMP receptor protein as a repressor of transcription of the spf gene of Escherichia coli. Polayes DA; Rice PW; Garner MM; Dahlberg JE J Bacteriol 170: 3110-4 (1988) The spf gene of Escherichia coli encodes an unstable 109-nucleotide RNA, spot 42 RNA; the level of this RNA was reduced three- to fivefold when cells were grown in the presence of 3',5'-cyclic AMP (cA88257027 Helix-turn-helix, zinc-finger, and leucine-zipper motifs for eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. Struhl K Trends Biochem Sci 14: 137-40 (1989) Four distinct structural motifs have been proposed for the DNA-binding domains of eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins; the helix-turn-helix, two kinds of zinc finger, and the leucine zipper89267900 Multiple cooperative interactions constrain BPV-1 E2 dependent activation of transcription. Sowden M; Harrison S; Ashfield R; Kingsman AJ; Kingsman SM Nucleic Acids Res 17: 2959-72 (1989) Transcription directed by the BPV-1 long control region (LCR) is conditional upon activation by the virally encoded E2 protein. Within the 1.0 kb LCR there are five separate regions, A to E, that cont89263709 The Fos and Jun/AP-1 proteins are involved in the downregulation of Fos transcription. Schonthal A; Buscher M; Angel P; Rahmsdorf HJ; Ponta H; Hattori K; Chiu R; Karin M; Herrlich P Oncogene 4: 629-36 (1989) The low basal expression of Fos and the rapid and effective turn-off of serum induced Fos transcription is due to autoregulation. Fos and Jun/AP-1 protein cooperate in the repression mechanism. Overex89263257 Molecular requirements for transcriptional initiation of the murine c-myc gene. Asselin C; Nepveu A; Marcu KB Oncogene 4: 549-58 (1989) We have identified sequences in the 5' flanking region of the murine c-myc gene's P1 and P2 transcription initiation sites which form specific complexes with nuclear factors of murine and human origin89263247 The pseudorabies immediate early protein stimulates in vitro transcription by facilitating TFIID: promoter interactions. Abmayr SM; Workman JL; Roeder RG Genes Dev 2: 542-53 (1988) The pseudorabies virus immediate early (IE) protein, partially purified from infected HeLa cells, stimulated transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and associated factors in HeLa nuclear extrac88255841 A transcription terminator located upstream of the mouse rDNA initiation site affects rRNA synthesis. Grummt I; Kuhn A; Bartsch I; Rosenbauer H Cell 47: 901-11 (1986) Mouse ribosomal genes have a short sequence upstream of the transcription initiation site that is related in structure and function to the terminator boxes previously identified at the 3' end of the t87051771 Purification of a factor specific for the upstream element of the adenovirus-2 major late promoter. Moncollin V; Miyamoto NG; Zheng XM; Egly JM EMBO J 5: 2577-84 (1986) Stimulation of in vitro transcription by the upstream element (UE) of the adenovirus-2 major late promoter (Ad2MLP) involves a specific trans-acting factor present in a HeLa whole-cell extract. By fol87053824 The Xenopus laevis U2 gene distal sequence element (enhancer) is composed of four subdomains that can act independently and are partly functionally redundant. Tebb G; Mattaj IW Mol Cell Biol 9: 1682-90 (1989) The sequences involved in enhancement of transcription of the Xenopus U2 small nuclear RNA gene by the distal sequence element (DSE) of its promoter were analyzed in detail by microinjection of mutant89261798 Dual function of a nuclear factor I binding site in MMTV transcription regulation. Buetti E; Kuhnel B; Diggelmann H Nucleic Acids Res 17: 3065-78 (1989) Using linker-scanning mutagenesis we had previously identified four elements within the MMTV LTR which are necessary for transcriptional stimulation by glucocorticoid hormones. Two of them overlapped 89263718 Sea urchin early and late H4 histone genes bind a specific transcription factor in a stable preinitiation complex. Tung L; Morris GF; Yager LN; Weinberg ES Mol Cell Biol 9: 1476-87 (1989) Early embryonic H4 (EH4) and H2B (EH2B) and late embryonic H4 (LH4) histone genes were transcribed in vitro in a nuclear extract from hatching blastula embryos of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus pur89261775 Dynamic interaction between a Drosophila transcription factor and RNA polymerase II. Price DH; Sluder AE; Greenleaf AL Mol Cell Biol 9: 1465-75 (1989) We have purified factor 5, a Drosophila RNA polymerase II transcription factor. Factor 5 was found to be required for accurate initiation of transcription from specific promoters and also had a dramat89261774 An adenovirus E1A protein domain activates transcription in vivo and in vitro in the absence of protein synthesis. Green M; Loewenstein PM; Pusztai R; Symington JS Cell 53: 921-6 (1988) We have shown previously that a synthetic peptide of 49 amino acids, encoding mainly adenovirus E1A protein domain 3 (PD3), functions as an autonomous transcriptional activator. Here we provide two li88253412 Sequences in the visna virus long terminal repeat that control transcriptional activity and respond to viral trans-activation: involvement of AP-1 sites in basal activity and trans-activation. Hess JL; Small JA; Clements JE J Virol 63: 3001-15 (1989) Visna virus is a pathogenic lentivirus of sheep whose gene expression is developmentally regulated in cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage. Gene expression directed by the visna virus long termina89259093 Heat shock regulatory gene rpoH mRNA level increases after heat shock in Escherichia coli. Tilly K; Erickson J; Sharma S; Georgopoulos C J Bacteriol 168: 1155-8 (1986) The Escherichia coli rpoH gene product sigma 32 is essential for the increase in heat shock gene transcription found after exposure of the bacteria to a sudden temperature increase. It is not known ho87057015 The cellular transcription factor E2f requires viral E1A and E4 gene products for increased DNA-binding activity and functions to stimulate adenovirus E2A gene expression. Babiss LE J Virol 63: 2709-17 (1989) Whereas a wide variety of cellular proteins interact with the cis-regulatory elements of the adenovirus E1A and E2A genes, only the DNA-binding activity of the cellular E2f factor is modulated by vira89259052 Role of SP1-binding domains in in vivo transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat. Harrich D; Garcia J; Wu F; Mitsuyasu R; Gonazalez J; Gaynor R J Virol 63: 2585-91 (1989) Five regions of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) have been shown to be important in the transcriptional regulation of HIV in HeLa cells. These include the neg89259036 rho factor-dependent transcription termination. Interference by a mutant rho. Richardson JP; Ruteshouser EC J Mol Biol 189: 413-9 (1986) The rho protein isolated from a strain of Escherichia coli with the rho1 (suA1) mutant allele is defective in interactions with RNA that are coupled to ATP hydrolysis. Here we show that the rho1 allel87060940 Activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and by tax (p40x) occurs through similar but functionally distinct target sequences. Radonovich M; Jeang KT J Virol 63: 2987-94 (1989) One potent transcriptional activator of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is virally encoded protein Tax (p40x). p40x trans-activates HTLV-I through the long terminal repeat (LTR) by using a89259091 Induction of human interferon gene expression is associated with a nuclear factor that interacts with the NF-kappa B site of the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer. Hiscott J; Alper D; Cohen L; Leblanc JF; Sportza L; Wong A; Xanthoudakis S J Virol 63: 2557-66 (1989) The relationship between transcription of alpha and beta interferon (IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) genes and the interaction of IFN promoter-binding transcription factors has been examined in monoblastoid U89259033 Activation of transcription factor IIIC by the adenovirus E1A protein. Hoeffler WK; Kovelman R; Roeder RG Cell 53: 907-20 (1988) The factor(s) responsible for the adenovirus E1A-stimulated transcription of RNA polymerase III genes was localized previously in a chromatographic fraction containing transcription factor IIIC (TFIII88253411 Multiple sequence-specific transcription factors modulate cytomegalovirus enhancer activity in vitro. Ghazal P; Lubon H; Hennighausen L Mol Cell Biol 8: 1809-11 (1988) The possibility of DNA-binding proteins interacting in vitro with the polymerase II transcriptional machinery was explored by using a competition assay with individual target sequences for enhancer-bi88246453 Stimulation of the adenovirus E2 promoter by simian virus 40 T antigen or E1A occurs by different mechanisms. Loeken MR; Khoury G; Brady J Mol Cell Biol 6: 2020-6 (1986) We have examined the ability of simian virus 40 T antigen to stimulate transcription from the adenovirus E2 promoter. T antigen, produced from a cotransfected plasmid, stimulated chloramphenicol acety87064492 Competitive and cooperative functioning of the anterior and posterior promoter elements of an Alu family repeat. Perez-Stable C; Shen CK Mol Cell Biol 6: 2041-52 (1986) Similar to tRNA genes and the VAI gene, the Alu family repeats are transcribed by RNA polymerase III and contain a split intragenic promoter. Results of our previous studies have shown that when the a87064495 Upstream regions of the human cardiac actin gene that modulate its transcription in muscle cells: presence of an evolutionarily conserved repeated motif. Minty A; Kedes L Mol Cell Biol 6: 2125-36 (1986) Transfection into cultured cell lines was used to investigate the transcriptional regulation of the human cardiac actin gene. We first demonstrated that in both human heart and human skeletal muscle, 87064504 Postnatal repression of the alpha-fetoprotein gene is enhancer independent. Camper SA; Tilghman SM Genes Dev 3: 537-46 (1989) The mammalian liver undergoes a number of dramatic changes in gene expression during development. One of these is typified by the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene, which is activated in the fetal liver bu89252828 A DNA fragment containing the upstream activator sequence determines nucleosome positioning of the transcriptionally repressed PHO5 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bergman LW Mol Cell Biol 6: 2298-304 (1986) The functional relationship of nucleosome positioning and gene expression is not known. Using high-copy plasmids, containing the yeast phosphate-repressible acid phosphatase gene (PHO5) and the TRP1/A87064526 Promoter inhibition by DNA methylation: a reversible signal. Doerfler W; Weisshaar B; Hoeveler A; Knebel D; Muller U; Dobrzanski P; Lichtenberg U; Achten S; Hermann R Gene 74: 129-33 (1988) 89252845 A FOS protein is present in a complex that binds a negative regulator of MYC. Hay N; Takimoto M; Bishop JM Genes Dev 3: 293-303 (1989) Regulation of the human proto-oncogene MYC apparently plays an important role in cellular proliferation and the genesis of diverse tumors. Transcription from MYC is governed principally by two promote89252808 Control of transcription initiation in vitro requires binding of a transcription factor to the distal promoter of the ovalbumin gene. Pastorcic M; Wang H; Elbrecht A; Tsai SY; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Mol Cell Biol 6: 2784-91 (1986) We used a cell-free HeLa cell transcription system to identify and characterize transcription factors and the promoter elements that they recognize in RNA polymerase II-transcribed genes. Deletion of 87064584 Induction of specific transcription by RNA polymerase III in transformed cells. Carey MF; Singh K; Botchan M; Cozzarelli NR Mol Cell Biol 6: 3068-76 (1986) RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcripts of the highly repeated mouse B2 gene family are increased in many oncogenically transformed murine cell lines. In cells transformed by simian virus 40, the sma87064621 Rapid enrichment of HeLa transcription factors IIIB and IIIC by using affinity chromatography based on avidin-biotin interactions. Kasher MS; Pintel D; Ward DC Mol Cell Biol 6: 3117-27 (1986) Plasmid DNA containing the adenovirus type 2 genes for VA RNA was linearized at a site distal to the gene, end labeled with a biotin-nucleotide analog of TTP, and incubated with avidin to form an avid87064626 Fingers and helices [letter] Brown RS; Argos P Nature 324: 215 (1986) 87065061 MalT, the regulatory protein of the Escherichia coli maltose system, is an ATP-dependent transcriptional activator. Richet E; Raibaud O EMBO J 8: 981-7 (1989) We show that MalT, the transcriptional activator of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon, specifically binds ATP and dATP with a high affinity (Kd = 0.4 microM) and exhibits a weak ATPase activity. Us89251632 The repressor sequence upstream of c-mos acts neither as polyadenylation site nor as transcription termination region. van der Hoorn FA; Neupert B Nucleic Acids Res 14: 8771-83 (1986) Recently we reported that the c-mos(rat) coding region is preceded by sequences (RIS) which repress accumulation of c-mos RNA in the cytoplasm. To investigate the effect of RIS on RNA transcription or87066757 Modulation of in vivo and in vitro transcription of bacteriophage phi 29 early genes. Whiteley HR; Ramey WD; Spiegelman GB; Holder RD Virology 155: 392-401 (1986) The majority of early transcripts of the phi 29 bacteriophage are produced throughout the lytic cycle but the levels of a class of transcripts from the right end of the phi 29 genome are significantly87071660 The central domain of Rhizobium meliloti NifA is sufficient to activate transcription from the R. meliloti nifH promoter. Huala E; Ausubel FM J Bacteriol 171: 3354-65 (1989) The Rhizobium meliloti nifA product (NifA) shares extensive homology in its central region and at its C-terminal end with Rhizobium leguminosarum DctD and with NtrC from several species. All three pro89255105 Transcription factor(s) of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells having affinity to the 'TATA' box and a further upstream region of the adenovirus 2 major late gene. Hirai H; Ohtsuki M; Nakanishi Y; Horikoshi M; Tanaka N; Natori S Biochim Biophys Acta 868: 243-8 (1986) A fraction containing a transcription factor(s) of RNA polymerase II was prepared from a nuclear lysate of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and its binding to a promoter region of the adenovirus 2 major la87076656 The role of the kappa enhancer and its binding factor NF-kappa B in the developmental regulation of kappa gene transcription. Atchison ML; Perry RP Cell 48: 121-8 (1987) We report here on a comparison of plasmacytoma cell lines that differ markedly in their ability to express kappa immunoglobulin genes introduced by transfection, but nevertheless express their endogen87078388 A cellular DNA-binding protein that activates eukaryotic transcription and DNA replication. Jones KA; Kadonaga JT; Rosenfeld PJ; Kelly TJ; Tjian R Cell 48: 79-89 (1987) Transcription factor CTF, which is responsible for selective recognition of eukaryotic promoters that contain the sequence CCAAT, was purified to apparent homogeneity by sequence-specific DNA affinity87078403 The 5S gene internal control region is composed of three distinct sequence elements, organized as two functional domains with variable spacing. Pieler T; Hamm J; Roeder RG Cell 48: 91-100 (1987) Systematic oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis within the internal control region of the Xenopus laevis somatic 5S RNA gene identifies three distinct sequence elements that regulate transcription act87078404 Proteins that bind to the yeast rDNA enhancer. Morrow BE; Johnson SP; Warner JR J Biol Chem 264: 9061-8 (1989) The transcription of ribosomal RNA genes differs from that of other genes in several respects: the use of a specialized polymerase, the generally high level of transcription, and the tandem arrangemen89255384 Formation of the transcription initiation complex on mammalian rDNA. Kato H; Nagamine M; Kominami R; Muramatsu M Mol Cell Biol 6: 3418-27 (1986) Steps for the formation of transcription initiation complex on the human rRNA gene (rDNA) in vitro were analyzed with partially purified transcription factors and RNA polymerase I. The reaction requir87089675 Factors and nucleotide sequences that direct ribosomal DNA transcription and their relationship to the stable transcription complex. Tower J; Culotta VC; Sollner-Webb B Mol Cell Biol 6: 3451-62 (1986) We have studied the protein components and nucleic acid sequences involved in stably activating the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) template and in directing accurate transcription of mammalian rRNA genes. Two p87089679 Identification of two factors required for transcription of the ovalbumin gene. Sagami I; Tsai SY; Wang H; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Mol Cell Biol 6: 4259-67 (1986) Two transcription factors, COUP and S300-II, were isolated and partially purified from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. Both factors are required for the efficient transcription in vitro of the ovalbumin g87089783 The beta actin promoter. High levels of transcription depend upon a CCAAT binding factor. Quitschke WW; Lin ZY; DePonti-Zilli L; Paterson BM J Biol Chem 264: 9539-46 (1989) Although beta actin mRNA is down-regulated during myogenesis, the beta actin promoter confers constitutive expression when joined to heterologous genes transfected into a variety of different cell bac89255460 A single polypeptide possesses the binding and transcription activities of the adenovirus major late transcription factor. Chodosh LA; Carthew RW; Sharp PA Mol Cell Biol 6: 4723-33 (1986) A simple approach has been developed for the unambiguous identification and purification of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins solely on the basis of their ability to bind selectively to their tar87089834 Enhanced jun gene expression is an early genomic response to transforming growth factor beta stimulation. Pertovaara L; Sistonen L; Bos TJ; Vogt PK; Keski-Oja J; Alitalo K Mol Cell Biol 9: 1255-62 (1989) Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) is a multifunctional polypeptide that regulates proliferation, differentiation, and other functions of many cell types. The pathway of TGF beta signal transd89261729 Interpathway regulation of the TRP4 gene of yeast. Braus G; Mosch HU; Vogel K; Hinnen A; Hutter R EMBO J 8: 939-45 (1989) Two regulatory proteins, PHO2 and the general control regulator GCN4, bind in vitro to the promoter of the tryptophan biosynthetic TRP4 gene; the TRP4 gene product catalyses the phosphoribosylation of89251626 Suppression in Drosophila: su(Hw) and su(f) gene products interact with a region of gypsy (mdg4) regulating its transcriptional activity. Mazo AM; Mizrokhi LJ; Karavanov AA; Sedkov YA; Krichevskaja AA; Ilyin YV EMBO J 8: 903-11 (1989) The gypsy (mdg4) mobile element of Drosophila contains two closely spaced regions which bind proteins from nuclear extracts. One of these is an imperfect palindrome having homology with the lac-operat89251622 Function of the mammalian La protein: evidence for its action in transcription termination by RNA polymerase III. Gottlieb E; Steitz JA EMBO J 8: 851-61 (1989) We have tested the hypothesis that the mammalian La protein, which appears to be required for accurate and efficient RNA polymerase III transcription, is a transcription termination factor. Our data s89251617 The RNA binding protein La influences both the accuracy and the efficiency of RNA polymerase III transcription in vitro. Gottlieb E; Steitz JA EMBO J 8: 841-50 (1989) The autoantigen La binds the U-rich 3' ends of all nascent RNA polymerase III transcripts. Here, we demonstrate that this abundant nuclear phosphoprotein not only binds these RNAs but appears to be re89251616 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Factors IIE and IIF independently interact with RNA polymerase II. Flores O; Maldonado E; Reinberg D J Biol Chem 264: 8913-21 (1989) The purification and characterization of transcription factor IIF (TFIIF), a factor required for transcription by the RNA polymerase II machinery, is described. TFIIF was isolated from the previously 89255362 Control of the expression of c-sis mRNA in human glioblastoma cells by phorbol ester and transforming growth factor beta 1. Press RD; Misra A; Gillaspy G; Samols D; Goldthwait DA Cancer Res 49: 2914-20 (1989) The regulation of c-sis oncogene expression in human glioblastoma cell line A172 has been investigated using a sensitive RNA-RNA solution hybridization method. Enhanced expression of c-sis mRNA was in89248962 Functionally distinct NF-kappa B binding sites in the immunoglobulin kappa and IL-2 receptor alpha chain genes. Cross SL; Halden NF; Lenardo MJ; Leonard WJ Science 244: 466-9 (1989) The interleukin-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha) chain gene contains a sequence similar to the immunoglobulin (Ig) kappa (kappa) enhancer NF-kappa B binding site. This site, which is bound by the nuclea89242106 Energetics of cooperative protein-DNA interactions: comparison between quantitative deoxyribonuclease footprint titration and filter binding. Senear DF; Brenowitz M; Shea MA; Ackers GK Biochemistry 25: 7344-54 (1986) Using the binding of cI repressor protein to the lambda right and left operators as a model system, we have analyzed the two common experimental techniques for studying the interactions of genome regu87101010 Factors responsible for the higher transcriptional activity of extracts of adenovirus-infected cells fractionate with the TATA box transcription factor. Leong K; Brunet L; Berk AJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 1765-74 (1988) Extracts of adenovirus-infected HeLa cells have 5- to 10-fold-higher activity for transcription from the major late promoter in vitro than do extracts of mock-infected or E1A mutant-infected cells (K.88246447 Replication-induced stimulation of the major late promoter of adenovirus is correlated to the binding of a factor to sequences in the first intron. Jansen-Durr P; Boeuf H; Kedinger C Nucleic Acids Res 16: 3771-86 (1988) The sequence requirements for transcriptional stimulation of the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) by the products of the early transcription unit Ela and by the replication of viral DNA were analy88233979 Steroid-dependent interaction of transcription factors with the inducible promoter of mouse mammary tumor virus in vivo. Cordingley MG; Riegel AT; Hager GL Cell 48: 261-70 (1987) We have used exonuclease protection in vivo as an assay to detect interaction of nuclear factors with the steroid-inducible promoter of mouse mammary tumor virus. Binding of two factors is detected un87102873 Cholera toxin transcriptional activator toxR is a transmembrane DNA binding protein. Miller VL; Taylor RK; Mekalanos JJ Cell 48: 271-9 (1987) The toxR gene encodes a transcriptional activator controlling cholera toxin, pilus, and outer-membrane protein expression in V. cholerae. Nucleotide sequence and mutational analysis has identified the87102874 Upstream sequences required for transcription of the TFIIIA gene in Xenopus oocytes. Matsumoto Y; Korn LJ Nucleic Acids Res 16: 3801-14 (1988) The DNA sequences required for efficient initiation of transcription of the Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) gene were determined by microinjecting a series of deletion and linker substituti88233981 The Saccharomyces and Drosophila heat shock transcription factors are identical in size and DNA binding properties. Wiederrecht G; Shuey DJ; Kibbe WA; Parker CS Cell 48: 507-15 (1987) The heat shock transcription factor (HSTF) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from S. cerevisiae and D. melanogaster by sequence-specific DNA-affinity chromatography. A synthetic oligonucleotid87102899 The role of cis-acting promoter elements in tissue-specific albumin gene expression. Maire P; Wuarin J; Schibler U Science 244: 343-6 (1989) The mouse albumin gene promoter has six closely spaced binding sites for nuclear proteins that are located between the TATA motif and nucleotide position -170. In vitro transcription with liver or spl89222448 Footprint of the sigma protein. Ramesh U; Meares CF Biochem Biophys Res Commun 160: 121-5 (1989) Escherichia coli RNA Polymerase is a multi-subunit enzyme that catalyzes RNA synthesis, using DNA as a template. The sigma subunit of this enzyme plays an important role in the recognition of promoter89228001 Use of a modified Escherichia coli trpR gene to obtain tight regulation of high-copy-number expression vectors. Warne SR; Thomas CM; Nugent ME; Tacon WC Gene 46: 103-12 (1986) It has been found that with high-copy-number vectors utilising the Escherichia coli trp promoter the amount of repressor protein produced from the single chromosomally located trpR gene is inadequate 87106833 Repressor gene finO in plasmids R100 and F: constitutive transfer of plasmid F is caused by insertion of IS3 into F finO. Yoshioka Y; Ohtsubo H; Ohtsubo E J Bacteriol 169: 619-23 (1987) Fertility factor F confers bacterial conjugation, a process which involves at least 20 tra genes. Resistance plasmids such as R100, R6-5, and R1 have homology with F in the tra region. Conjugal transf87109048 The C-terminal domain of transcription factor IIIA interacts differently with different 5S RNA genes. Xing YY; Worcel A Mol Cell Biol 9: 499-514 (1989) DNase I footprints and affinity measurements showed that the C-terminal arm of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA interacts differently with different Xenopus 5S DNAs, forming three distinct types of t89219043 Multihormonal regulation of transcription of the tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase gene in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes with special reference to the presence of a transcriptional protein mediatNakamura T; Niimi S; Nawa K; Noda C; Ichihara A; Takagi Y; Anai M; Sakaki Y J Biol Chem 262: 727-33 (1987) For study of hormonal regulation of gene expression of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1. 13. 11. 11, TO), a DNA clone containing a sequence complementary to TO mRNA was prepared with TO mRNA from rat 87109171 Functional elements of the human U1 RNA promoter. Identification of five separate regions required for efficient transcription and template competition. Murphy JT; Skuzeski JT; Lund E; Steinberg TH; Burgess RR; Dahlberg JE J Biol Chem 262: 1795-803 (1987) We have determined the structure of the human U1 snRNA promoter by microinjection of several mutant U1 templates into Xenopus laevis oocytes. These deletion templates were assayed for their ability to87109335 Octamer transcription factors 1 and 2 each bind to two different functional elements in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter. Poellinger L; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 9: 747-56 (1989) Immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes contain two conserved sequence elements 5' to the site of transcription initiation: the octamer ATGCAAAT and the heptamer CTCATGA. Both of these elements are required 89219069 Identification of a transcription factor which interacts with the distal domain of the adenovirus IVa2 promoter. Natarajan V; Madden MJ; Salzman NP J Virol 61: 646-52 (1987) For efficient in vitro transcription from the adenovirus IVa2 promoter, two upstream control regions, one proximal to the RNA initiation site at nucleotide position (np) -39 to -48 and the other a dis87112970 Deletion mutants in the gene encoding the herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein ICP0 exhibit impaired growth in cell culture. Sacks WR; Schaffer PA J Virol 61: 829-39 (1987) We report the construction and characterization of deletion mutants in the herpes simplex virus type 1 gene encoding the immediate-early protein ICP0. In the event that ICP0 proved to play an essentia87112994 Prolactin upstream factor I mediates cell-specific transcription. Cao ZD; Barron EA; Sharp ZD Mol Cell Biol 8: 5432-8 (1988) DNA sequence-specific chromatography was used to purify prolactin upstream factor I (PUF-I) approximately 10,000- to 20,000-fold from rat GH3 cells. The purified transcription factor reconstituted enh89219004 Yeast upstream activator protein GCN4 can stimulate transcription when its binding site replaces the TATA element. Chen W; Struhl K EMBO J 8: 261-8 (1989) We replaced the required TATA element of a yeast gal-his3 promoter by a binding site for GCN4, a protein that normally activates transcription when bound upstream of a TATA element. Surprisingly, GCN489231626 Isolation, fractionation and reconstitution of a nuclear extract capable of transcribing ribosomal DNA [published erratum appears in Mol Cell Biochem 1987 May;75(1):77] Haglund RE; Rothblum LI Mol Cell Biochem 73: 11-20 (1987) A procedure for preparing a nuclear extract that efficiently transcribes rat rDNA in vitro has been developed. This procedure, which is based on the protocol described by Dignam et al. (Nucl Acids Res87115465 dnaA protein regulates transcriptions of the rpoH gene of Escherichia coli. Wang QP; Kaguni JM J Biol Chem 264: 7338-44 (1989) The rpoH (htpR) gene of Escherichia coli encodes a sigma factor which confers upon RNA polymerase the ability to recognize the promoters for genes responsive to the phenomenon termed the heat shock re89214171 Promoter specificity of sigma G-containing RNA polymerase from sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis: identification of a group of forespore-specific promoters. Nicholson WL; Sun DX; Setlow B; Setlow P J Bacteriol 171: 2708-18 (1989) During sporulation in Bacillus subtilis, expression of the genes sspA, sspB, sspC, sspD, and sspE, which encode a family of small, acid-soluble spore proteins, as well as of the spoVA and gdh operons 89213961 Activation of transcription by two factors that bind promoter and enhancer sequences of the human metallothionein gene and SV40. Lee W; Haslinger A; Karin M; Tjian R Nature 325: 368-72 (1987) Genetic analysis of eukaryotic transcriptional promoters has revealed that protein-coding genes often contain a complex array of cis-control elements consisting of upstream activator sequences and enh87115798 Photofootprinting in vivo detects transcription-dependent changes in yeast TATA boxes. Selleck SB; Majors J Nature 325: 173-7 (1987) To elucidate critical steps in the transcription initiation process, we have devised a protocol for obtaining information about DNA structure and DNA-protein interactions at nucleotide level resolutio87115887 D protein of miniF plasmid acts as a repressor of transcription and as a site-specific resolvase. Lane D; de Feyter R; Kennedy M; Phua SH; Semon D Nucleic Acids Res 14: 9713-28 (1986) Two activities of the D protein of the miniF plasmid have been found. Divergent promoters in ori-1 ("primary" replicative origin) of miniF are both repressed in cells which produce D protein. The mobi87117529 Sequence-specific and general transcriptional activation by the bovine papillomavirus-1 E2 trans-activator require an N-terminal amphipathic helix-containing E2 domain. Haugen TH; Turek LP; Mercurio FM; Cripe TP; Olson BJ; Anderson RD; Seidl D; Karin M; Schiller J EMBO J 7: 4245-53 (1988) The sequence-specific trans-activator protein of bovine papillomavirus (BPV)-1, E2, strongly increases transcription at promoters containing papillomaviral ACCG(N)4CGGT (E2P) cis motifs, but can also 89210811 Novel Jun- and Fos-related proteins in Drosophila are functionally homologous to enhancer factor AP-1. Perkins KK; Dailey GM; Tjian R EMBO J 7: 4265-73 (1988) A homolog of mammalian enhancer binding factor AP-1 was detected in Drosophila and was purified from embryo nuclear extracts by sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography. The purified fraction, dA89210813 Adenovirus promoters and E1A transactivation. Berk AJ Annu Rev Genet 20: 45-79 (1986) 87126680 Complementation between two cell lines lacking kappa enhancer activity: implications for the developmental control of immunoglobulin transcription. Atchison ML; Perry RP EMBO J 7: 4213-20 (1988) Plasmacytoma S107 and the pre-B cell line 3-1 both lack immunoglobulin kappa (Ig kappa) enhancer activity due to the absence of the active form of a trans-acting nuclear factor, NF-kappa B, which bind89210807 Direct combinatorial interaction between a herpes simplex virus regulatory protein and a cellular octamer-binding factor mediates specific induction of virus immediate-early gene expression. O'Hare P; Goding CR; Haigh A EMBO J 7: 4231-8 (1988) We provide evidence for a novel mechanism of transcriptional regulation in which the immediate-early (IE) transactivating protein of herpes simplex virus, Vmw65, is assembled into a specific DNA-bindi89210809 The inducible lac operator-repressor system is functional in mammalian cells. Hu MC; Davidson N Cell 48: 555-66 (1987) We have investigated the use of the Escherichia coli lac operator-repressor system to regulate expression of transfected genes in mammalian cells. We show that lac repressor produced in mouse L cells 87131068 Interaction of BlaI, the repressor for the beta-lactamase gene of Bacillus licheniformis, with the blaP and blaI promoters. Grossman MJ; Curran IH; Lampen JO FEBS Lett 246: 83-8 (1989) BlaI repressor for the beta-lactamase gene (blaP) of Bacillus licheniformis 749, was shown to repress expression of blaP and of the repressor gene (blaI), using the purified protein in a DNA-directed 89211419 Both Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded trans-acting factors, EB1 and EB2, are required to activate transcription from an EBV early promoter. Chevallier-Greco A; Manet E; Chavrier P; Mosnier C; Daillie J; Sergeant A EMBO J 5: 3243-9 (1986) We have identified two Epstein--Barr virus (EBV) transacting factors which are involved in the transcriptional activation of EBV early promoters in latently infected Raji cells. In Raji cells, express87133484 Yeast GCN4 transcriptional activator protein interacts with RNA polymerase II in vitro. Brandl CJ; Struhl K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 2652-6 (1989) Regulated transcription by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (Pol II) requires the functional interaction of multiple protein factors, some of which presumably interact directly with the polymerase. One su89202387 Purification of a nuclear trans-acting factor involved in the regulated transcription of a human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Araki K; Maeda H; Wang J; Kitamura D; Watanabe T Cell 53: 723-30 (1988) The expression of the rearranged human immunoglobulin gamma 1 heavy chain gene (HIG1) was shown to be induced through its enhancer by the positive regulatory trans-acting factor(s) that was contained 88223366 Limited temperature-sensitive transactivation by mutant adenovirus type 2 E1a proteins. Fahnestock ML; Lewis JB J Virol 63: 2348-51 (1989) A series of linker-scanning and deletion mutations was generated in the transactivating domain of the larger, 289-amino-acid-residue E1a protein of adenovirus type 2. Mutant genes were recombined into89199795 The human papillomavirus type 16 E7 gene encodes transactivation and transformation functions similar to those of adenovirus E1A. Phelps WC; Yee CL; Munger K; Howley PM Cell 53: 539-47 (1988) Clinical and epidemiological data have implicated the human papillomaviruses (HPVs) as having an etiologic role in some anogenital malignancies, with HPV-16 being most frequently (greater than 60%) de88223347 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Purification and functional analysis of initiation factors IIB and IIE. Reinberg D; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 262: 3310-21 (1987) Two general transcription factors (IIE and IIB) (TF) were purified from HeLa cell nuclear extracts and shown to be absolutely required, along with two additional factors (IIA and IID) and RNA polymera87137611 Transcription factors that activate the Ultrabithorax promoter in developmentally staged extracts. Biggin MD; Tjian R Cell 53: 699-711 (1988) We have initiated a biochemical analysis of factors that regulate the expression of the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) homeotic gene during embryogenesis. Transcriptionally active extracts have been prepared fro88223364 Purification and characterization of a 43-kDa transcription factor required for rat somatostatin gene expression. Zhu Z; Andrisani OM; Pot DA; Dixon JE J Biol Chem 264: 6550-6 (1989) A 43-kDa DNA binding protein which recognizes the TGACGTCA element of the rat somatostatin promoter has been purified from rat brain. Purification of the protein involved initial separation of three s89197966 Tandemly reiterated negative enhancer-like elements regulate transcription of a human gene for the large subunit of calcium-dependent protease. Hata A; Ohno S; Akita Y; Suzuki K J Biol Chem 264: 6404-11 (1989) Calcium-dependent protease (CANP, Calpain) is an intracellular protease involved in essential cellular functions mediated by calcium. To understand the mechanism regulating the expression of CANP at t89197947 Identification of two transcription factors that bind to specific elements in the promoter of the adenovirus early-region 4. Watanabe H; Imai T; Sharp PA; Handa H Mol Cell Biol 8: 1290-300 (1988) Two kinds of trans-acting factors that regulate transcription from the promoter of the adenovirus early-region 4 (E4) have been identified by reconstituting nuclear extracts of HeLa cells. They were d88216605 Effects of a temperature-sensitive mutation in the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus on class II and class III gene transcription. Ahlers SE; Feldman LT J Virol 61: 1103-7 (1987) The pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein activates transcription of both class II and class III genes. At present it is not known whether the activation of class II genes occurs through an activ87141327 Sequence and nuclear localization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HAP2 protein, a transcriptional activator. Pinkham JL; Olesen JT; Guarente LP Mol Cell Biol 7: 578-85 (1987) Activation of the CYC1 upstream activation site (UAS2) and other Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes encoding respiratory functions requires the products of the regulatory loci HAP2 and HAP3. We present he87144225 Transcriptional activation. Acid blobs and negative noodles [news] Sigler PB Nature 333: 210-2 (1988) 88216809 v-jun is a transcriptional activator, but not in all cell-lines. Imler JL; Ugarte E; Wasylyk C; Wasylyk B Nucleic Acids Res 16: 3005-12 (1988) The recently isolated v-jun oncogene encodes a protein with sequence homology to the transcription factor AP1, as well as a similar DNA binding specificity. We show, by expressing v-jun in F9 embryoca88217515 The GCR1 gene encodes a positive transcriptional regulator of the enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene families in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Holland MJ; Yokoi T; Holland JP; Myambo K; Innis MA Mol Cell Biol 7: 813-20 (1987) The intracellular concentrations of the polypeptides encoded by the two enolase (ENO1 and ENO2) and three glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (TDH1, TDH2, and TDH3) genes were coordinately reduce87144253 Differential stimulation of sea urchin early and late H2B histone gene expression by a gastrula nuclear extract after injection into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Maxson R; Ito M; Balcells S; Thayer M; French M; Lee F; Etkin L Mol Cell Biol 8: 1236-46 (1988) Sea urchin early histone genes are active in preblastula embryos; late histone genes are maximally expressed during subsequent stages of embryogenesis. We used the Xenopus laevis oocyte to assay for t88216598 Novobiocin inhibits interactions required for yeast TFIIIB sequestration during stable transcription complex formation in vitro. Felts SJ; Weil PA; Chalkley R Nucleic Acids Res 15: 1493-506 (1987) Novobiocin concentrations normally used to inhibit a putative eukaryotic DNA gyrase have been found to inhibit transcription of a yeast 5S rRNA gene using an in vitro yeast transcription system. Purif87146476 Constitutive expression of the maltose fermentative enzymes in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis is dependent upon the mutational activation of a nonessential homolog of MAL63. Dubin RA; Charron MJ; Haut SR; Needleman RB; Michels CA Mol Cell Biol 8: 1027-35 (1988) Maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis is dependent upon the MAL6 locus. This complex locus is composed of the MAL61 and MAL62 genes, which encode maltose permease and maltase, respectiv88216576 Regulation in vitro of metallothionein gene binding factors. Seguin C; Hamer DH Science 235: 1383-7 (1987) Mouse nuclear factors that bind to an upstream metal regulatory element of the mouse metallothionein-I gene have been identified by DNA footprinting and oligonucleotide band shift assays. The formatio87149062 DNA sequences which regulate the expression of the pseudorabies virus major immediate early gene. Campbell ME; Preston CM Virology 157: 307-16 (1987) It has been shown previously that the transcription of herpes simplex virus (HSV) immediate early (IE) genes is transactivated by a component of the virus particle. The trans-inducing factor (TIF) is 87151130 Transcription termination factor rho is an RNA-DNA helicase. Brennan CA; Dombroski AJ; Platt T Cell 48: 945-52 (1987) E. coli rho factor can unwind a short RNA-DNA duplex in vitro. The duplex is formed between a polylinker sequence at the 3' end of RNA derived from the rho-dependent terminator trp t' and the compleme87159531 Organization of multiple regulatory elements in the control region of the adenovirus type 2-specific VARNA1 gene: fine mapping with linker-scanning mutants. Railey JF 2d; Wu GJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 1147-59 (1988) The adenovirus type 2-specific virus-associated RNA 1 (VARNA1) gene is transcribed by eucaryotic RNA polymerase III. Previous studies using deletion mutants for transcription have shown that the VARNA88216589 Mammalian cAMP-responsive element can activate transcription in yeast and binds a yeast factor(s) that resembles the mammalian transcription factor ANF. Jones RH; Jones NC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 2176-80 (1989) The human ATF and AP1 transcription factors bind to highly related DNA sequences. Their consensus binding sites differ by a single nucleotide, but this single change is crucial in determining factor b89184591 Formation of pilin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa requires the alternative sigma factor (RpoN) of RNA polymerase. Ishimoto KS; Lory S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 1954-7 (1989) The promoter region of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pilin gene has a high degree of similarity to the nitrogen-regulated promoters of enteric bacteria. These promoters are recognized by the alternative 89184545 Altered binding of human histone gene transcription factors during the shutdown of proliferation and onset of differentiation in HL-60 cells. Stein G; Lian J; Stein J; Briggs R; Shalhoub V; Wright K; Pauli U; van Wijnen A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 1865-9 (1989) Two sites of protein-DNA interaction have been identified in vivo and in vitro in the proximal promoter regions of an H4 and an H3 human histone gene. In proliferating cells, these genes are transcrib89184528 Heterogeneity of adenovirus type 5 E1A proteins: multiple serine phosphorylations induce slow-migrating electrophoretic variants but do not affect E1A-induced transcriptional activation or transformatRichter JD; Slavicek JM; Schneider JF; Jones NC J Virol 62: 1948-55 (1988) The 289-amino-acid product encoded by the adenovirus E1A 13S mRNA has several pleiotropic activities, including transcriptional activation, transcriptional repression, and when acting in concert with 88215022 Purification and functional characterization of transcription factor SII from calf thymus. Role in RNA polymerase II elongation. Rappaport J; Reinberg D; Zandomeni R; Weinmann R J Biol Chem 262: 5227-32 (1987) SII was purified from calf thymus tissue to apparent homogeneity by a rapid procedure. The 38-kDa protein stimulated RNA synthesis by purified calf thymus RNA polymerase II 4-fold. The calf thymus SII87165960 Studies of the role of the Escherichia coli heat shock regulatory protein sigma 32 by the use of monoclonal antibodies. Lesley SA; Thompson NE; Burgess RR J Biol Chem 262: 5404-7 (1987) Purified Escherichia coli RNA polymerase containing the heat shock regulatory protein sigma 32 (gprpoH) was used to inject BALB/c mice, and the spleen cells of an immunized mouse were fused to NS1 cel87165984 Nucleotide sequences that define promoters that are used by Bacillus subtilis sigma-29 RNA polymerase. Rather PN; Hay RE; Ray GL; Haldenwang WG; Moran CP Jr J Mol Biol 192: 557-65 (1986) There are at least five different forms of RNA polymerase holoenzyme in Bacillus subtilis. These enzymes differ in their sigma subunit and their specificity for promoter utilization. One form of RNA p87169740 Characterization of a transcription factor involved in mother cell specific transcription of the yeast HO gene. Stillman DJ; Bankier AT; Seddon A; Groenhout EG; Nasmyth KA EMBO J 7: 485-94 (1988) The yeast HO gene, which encodes an endonuclease involved in initiating mating type interconversion, is expressed in mother cells but not in daughters. It has been demonstrated that the SW15 gene, whi88211561 The carboxy-terminal domain shared by the bovine papillomavirus E2 transactivator and repressor proteins contains a specific DNA binding activity. McBride AA; Schlegel R; Howley PM EMBO J 7: 533-9 (1988) The E2 open reading frame of bovine papilloma virus 1 (BPV-1) has been shown to encode both positive and negative acting transcriptional regulatory factors. The DNA binding properties of these factors88211567 Transition mutations within the Xenopus borealis somatic 5S RNA gene can have independent effects on transcription and TFIIIA binding. McConkey GA; Bogenhagen DF Mol Cell Biol 7: 486-94 (1987) Base-pair changes were introduced into the Xenopus borealis somatic 5S RNA gene by treatment with sodium bisulfite. Mutants were screened by sequence determination. The collection of mutants permitted87172744 Multiple proteins bind to VA RNA genes of adenovirus type 2. Van Dyke MW; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 7: 1021-31 (1987) Using fractionated HeLa cell nuclear extracts and both nuclease (DNase I) cleavage and chemical cleavage (methidiumpropyl-EDTA X Fe(II) protection methodologies, we demonstrated the presence of three 87172767 Two transcriptional activators, CCAAT-box-binding transcription factor and heat shock transcription factor, interact with a human hsp70 gene promoter. Morgan WD; Williams GT; Morimoto RI; Greene J; Kingston RE; Tjian R Mol Cell Biol 7: 1129-38 (1987) We characterized the activity of a human hsp70 gene promoter by in vitro transcription. Analysis of 5' deletion and substitution mutants in HeLa nuclear extracts showed that the basal activity of the 87172780 Purification of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA and 5 S RNA from 7 S ribonucleoprotein particle by ammonium sulfate precipitation. Shang ZG; Windsor WT; Liao YD; Wu CW Anal Biochem 168: 156-63 (1988) A simple and efficient method for purifying Xenopus transcription factor IIIA from the 7 S particle has been developed by taking advantage of the differential solubilities of the protein factor and 5 88207896 Mutation of the c-fos gene dyad symmetry element inhibits serum inducibility of transcription in vivo and the nuclear regulatory factor binding in vitro. Greenberg ME; Siegfried Z; Ziff EB Mol Cell Biol 7: 1217-25 (1987) In vitro mutagenesis of a 61-base-pair DNA sequence element that is necessary for induction of the c-fos proto-oncogene by growth factors revealed that a small region of dyad symmetry within the seque87172790 Characterization of the 5'-end region and the first two exons of the beta-protein precursor gene. La Fauci G; Lahiri DK; Salton SR; Robakis NK Biochem Biophys Res Commun 159: 297-304 (1989) Human genomic clones encoding the promoter region and the first two exons of the beta-amyloid protein precursor (beta-APP) gene were isolated. The first exon is 205 base pairs (bp) long and encodes 1989165870 The sex-determining region of the mouse Y chromosome encodes a protein with a highly acidic domain and 13 zinc fingers. Mardon G; Page DC Cell 56: 765-70 (1989) The ZFY gene, located in the sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome, appears to encode a zinc-finger protein. Two homologous genes, Zfy-1 and Zfy-2, are found in the sex-determining region o89168416 Understanding the molecular mechanism by which methylation influences gene expression. Dynan WS Trends Genet 5: 35-6 (1989) 89162786 Structure and expression of the PHO80 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Madden SL; Creasy CL; Srinivas V; Fawcett W; Bergman LW Nucleic Acids Res 16: 2625-37 (1988) In yeast, the repression of acid phosphatase under high phosphate growth conditions requires the trans-acting factor PHO80. We have determined the DNA sequence of the PHO80 gene and found that it enco88203204 DNAase I sensitivities in chromatin of the Xenopus laevis somatic and oocyte 5 S DNAs. Hoyle HD; Doering JL Biochim Biophys Acta 908: 224-30 (1987) The DNAase I sensitivities of the somatic-type 5 S DNA and oocyte-type 5 S DNA have been compared in nuclei from adult somatic tissues of Xenopus laevis. Neither of these Type III genes is expressed i87185498 Interactions of factors bound at two different sites in the 5'-upstream region of the adenovirus 12 E1A gene. Nakanishi Y; Koikeda S; Shibata H; Masamune Y Biochem Biophys Res Commun 158: 685-9 (1989) A nuclear extract of Ehrlich ascites tumor cell contains factors binding to two distinct sites in the 5'-upstream region of the adenovirus 12 E1A gene. The gel shift assay was performed for characteri89149780 An adenovirus E1A-like transcription factor is regulated during the differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma stem cells. La Thangue NB; Rigby PW Cell 49: 507-13 (1987) The expression of the E2A transcription unit of the adenovirus E1A deletion mutant dl312 in murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells suggests that they contain an activity that will complement viral87187648 Transcriptional activity and factor binding are stimulated by separate and distinct sequences in the 5' flanking region of a mouse tRNAAsp gene. Rooney RJ; Harding JD Nucleic Acids Res 16: 2509-21 (1988) The transcriptional properties of two cloned mouse tRNAAsp genes were examined in vitro. The tRNA(2Asp) gene displays a five fold greater transcriptional activity than the tRNA(1Asp) gene and a greate88203196 Negative regulation of c-myc transcription involves myc family proteins. Cleveland JL; Huleihel M; Bressler P; Siebenlist U; Akiyama L; Eisenman RN; Rapp UR Oncogene Res 3: 357-75 (1988) Expression of the c-myc gene is suppressed in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells infected with recombinant retroviruses expressing high levels of v-myc (10-fold greater than those of c-myc). Suppression o89144558 The Drosophila fushi tarazu polypeptide is a DNA-binding transcriptional activator in yeast cells. Fitzpatrick VD; Ingles CJ Nature 337: 666-8 (1989) Many of the regulatory genes controlling the developmental pattern of segmentation during embryonic development in Drosophila melanogaster encode nuclear proteins containing either homoeobox or 'zinc-89143728 Faithful initiation of the in vitro transcription of a cloned rDNA from Tetrahymena pyriformis. Matsuura T; Matsui T; Saiga H; Mita T; Higashinakagawa T Gene 49: 225-33 (1986) A cloned rDNA fragment containing the transcriptional start point of Tetrahymena pyriformis was transcribed in vitro with a crude extract from homologous Tetrahymena cells. When a KpnI-HindIII fragmen87192012 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene transcription. Requirement for Sp1 and an EGF receptor-specific factor. Kageyama R; Merlino GT; Pastan I J Biol Chem 263: 6329-36 (1988) We have studied in vitro transcription of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor proto-oncogene using nuclear extracts of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells, which overproduce the EGF rec88198180 TFIIIA binds with equal affinity to somatic and major oocyte 5S RNA genes. McConkey GA; Bogenhagen DF Genes Dev 2: 205-14 (1988) Current models for the differential control of expression of Xenopus somatic and oocyte 5S RNA genes suggest that an impaired ability to bind TFIIIA contributes to the inactivation of oocyte 5S RNA ge88196885 Evidence that Rho and NusA are involved in termination in the rplL-rpoB intercistronic region. Ralling G; Linn T J Bacteriol 169: 2277-80 (1987) The frequency of transcription of the ribosomal protein and RNA polymerase gene segments of the rplKAJL-rpoBC gene cluster was measured for Escherichia coli K-12 strains carrying mutations in the gene87194619 Synergistic activation and repression of transcription by Drosophila homeobox proteins. Han K; Levine MS; Manley JL Cell 56: 573-83 (1989) We have used a transient expression assay employing Drosophila tissue culture cells to study the potential of several Drosophila homeobox proteins to function as transcriptional regulators. A 96 bp fr89136004 Factor-dependent transcription termination by vaccinia virus RNA polymerase. Evidence that the cis-acting termination signal is in nascent RNA. Shuman S; Moss B J Biol Chem 263: 6220-5 (1988) Transcription termination in vitro by vaccinia RNA polymerase is dependent on a trans-acting factor, VTF, that is associated with, if not identical to, the vaccinia mRNA capping enzyme. VTF-induced te88198165 Transcriptional trans-activation by the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 gene product. Phelps WC; Howley PM J Virol 61: 1630-8 (1987) We identified a conditional transcriptional enhancer in the long control region (LCR) of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16). This conditional enhancer requires activation in trans by a product of t87198893 Factors involved in preferential transcription of the fibroin gene. Takiya S; Suzuki Y Eur J Biochem 179: 1-9 (1989) Transcription factors for class II genes from a tissue source, the posterior silk glands of Bombyx mori, were fractionated by stepwise elution on a phosphocellulose column into five fractions: A (0.0489137064 The ability of a ternary complex to form over the serum response element correlates with serum inducibility of the human c-fos promoter. Shaw PE; Schroter H; Nordheim A Cell 56: 563-72 (1989) Rapid induction of c-fos transcription by serum and phorbol esters requires the serum response element (SRE). The SRE contains a 20 bp element of interrupted dyad symmetry (DSE) that is bound by p67/S89136003 Five intermediate complexes in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. Buratowski S; Hahn S; Guarente L; Sharp PA Cell 56: 549-61 (1989) A native gel electrophoresis DNA binding assay was used to resolve complexes formed on the adenovirus Major Late Promoter by general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Five sets of complexes89136002 Pleiotropic derepression of developmentally regulated cellular and viral genes by c-myc protooncogene products in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells. Onclercq R; Lavenu A; Cremisi C Nucleic Acids Res 17: 735-53 (1989) We show here in mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells that the endo A gene is negatively regulated and shares negative transacting factors with the Py and SV40 viruses. The products of the proto-oncoge89128443 Transcriptional activation by the SV40 AP-1 recognition element in yeast is mediated by a factor similar to AP-1 that is distinct from GCN4. Harshman KD; Moye-Rowley WS; Parker CS Cell 53: 321-30 (1988) The consensus recognition element for the mammalian transcription factor AP-1 is very similar to that of the transcriptional activator GCN4. Here, we show that the AP-1 recognition element (ARE) found88194531 Human cytomegalovirus ie1 transactivates the alpha promoter-enhancer via an 18-base-pair repeat element. Cherrington JM; Mocarski ES J Virol 63: 1435-40 (1989) The expression of alpha (immediate-early) genes of cytomegalovirus is regulated via a complex enhancer that consists of several different repeat elements. We describe here the autoinduction of express89125744 Identification and purification of the enhancer-binding factor of human immunodeficiency virus-1. Multiple proteins and binding to other enhancers. Maekawa T; Itoh F; Okamoto T; Kurimoto M; Imamoto F; Ishii S J Biol Chem 264: 2826-31 (1989) The enhancer-binding factor of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 was purified from human B cells by sequence-specific duplex oligonucleotide affinity chromatography. Gel retardation assay and footp89123381 A multisubunit transcription factor essential for accurate initiation by RNA polymerase II. Conaway JW; Conaway RC J Biol Chem 264: 2357-62 (1989) We have fractionated rat liver and identified a set of transcription factors that are essential for accurate initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. These factors were resolved into three di89123312 Structure of rho factor: an RNA-binding domain and a separate region with strong similarity to proven ATP-binding domains. Dombroski AJ; Platt T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2538-42 (1988) The domain structure of rho protein, a transcription termination factor of Escherichia coli, was analyzed by oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification methods. The single cys88190107 Saturation mutagenesis of a yeast his3 "TATA element": genetic evidence for a specific TATA-binding protein. Chen W; Struhl K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2691-5 (1988) The yeast his3 promoter region contains two distinct classes of "TATA elements," constitutive (TC) and regulatory (TR), that are defined by their interactions with upstream promoter elements, selectiv88190134 Demonstration, characterization, and mutational analysis of NahR protein binding to nah and sal promoters. Schell MA; Poser EF J Bacteriol 171: 837-46 (1989) The nahR gene of plasmid NAH7 of Pseudomonas putida encodes a 36-kilodalton polypeptide which activates transcription of the nah and sal operons in response to the inducer salicylate. A gel mobility s89123161 Escherichia coli sigma 54 RNA polymerase recognizes Caulobacter crescentus flbG and flaN flagellar gene promoters in vitro. Ninfa AJ; Mullin DA; Ramakrishnan G; Newton A J Bacteriol 171: 383-91 (1989) A set of the periodically regulated flagellar (fla) genes of Caulobacter crescentus contain conserved promoter sequence elements at -24 and -12 that are very similar to the sequence of the nitrogen as89123047 The leucine repeat motif in Fos protein mediates complex formation with Jun/AP-1 and is required for transformation. Schuermann M; Neuberg M; Hunter JB; Jenuwein T; Ryseck RP; Bravo R; Muller R Cell 56: 507-16 (1989) Cellular and viral Fos proteins form a tight complex with other nuclear proteins, including the transcription factor and proto-oncogene AP-1/Jun. We have mapped the c-Jun binding site in Fos to a regi89119572 Transcription in the region of the replication origin, oriC, of Escherichia coli: termination of asnC transcripts. Gielow A; Kucherer C; Kolling R; Messer W Mol Gen Genet 214: 474-81 (1988) Transcription from the asnC promoter was found to proceed through the replication origin, oriC, into the gidA gene of Escherichia coli. Between 10% and 20% of asnC transcripts reached oriC in vivo. Te89112154 Stimulation of transcription in vitro by binding sites for nuclear factor I. Gronostajski RM; Knox J; Berry D; Miyamoto NG Nucleic Acids Res 16: 2087-98 (1988) Nuclear factor I (NFI) is a site-specific DNA binding protein required for the replication of adenovirus DNA in vitro and in vivo. We have examined the effect of natural and synthetic binding sites fo88189804 Cross-specificities between cII-like proteins and pRE-like promoters of lambdoid bacteriophages. Wulff DL; Mahoney ME Genetics 115: 597-604 (1987) We have investigated the activation of transcription from the pRE promoters of phages lambda, 21 and P22 by the lambda and 21 cII proteins and the P22 c1 (cII-like) protein, using an in vivo system in87219815 Induction of HLA class II genes by IFN-gamma is transcriptional and requires a trans-acting protein. Amaldi I; Reith W; Berte C; Mach B J Immunol 142: 999-1004 (1989) HLA class II Ag are encoded by a family of related genes clustered in the HLA-D region of the MHC. The expression of this multi-gene family is highly regulated and this regulation is essential for the89110083 Purification and functional characterization of a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer element within the adenovirus early EIIa promoter. Jalinot P; Wintzerith M; Gaire M; Hauss C; Egly JM; Kedinger C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2484-8 (1988) The adenovirus EIa-inducible early EIIa (EIIaE) promoter is comprised of several sequence elements essential for constitutive and induced expression. We report here the purification of the host-cell f88190096 Induction of proto-oncogene fos transcription through the adenylate cyclase pathway: characterization of a cAMP-responsive element. Sassone-Corsi P; Visvader J; Ferland L; Mellon PL; Verma IM Genes Dev 2: 1529-38 (1988) Transcription of proto-oncogene fos is induced by elevated levels of intracellular cAMP. We report that human c-fos promoter recombinants transfected into rat pheochromocytoma cells (PC12) and human c89107989 Operator sequences of the aerobactin operon of plasmid ColV-K30 binding the ferric uptake regulation (fur) repressor. de Lorenzo V; Wee S; Herrero M; Neilands JB J Bacteriol 169: 2624-30 (1987) The promoter region of the pColV-K30-encoded operon specifying biosynthesis and transport of the siderophore aerobactin was subjected to deletion analysis to determine the smallest DNA sequence afford87222186 In vitro transcription of the nitrogen fixation regulatory operon nifLA of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Wong PK; Popham D; Keener J; Kustu S J Bacteriol 169: 2876-80 (1987) In vitro transcription from the promoter for the nitrogen fixation regulatory operon nifLA of K. pneumoniae requires four protein fractions: the core form of RNA polymerase; NTRA, an alternate sigma f87222223 Transcriptional but not translational regulation of HIV-1 by the tat gene product. Rice AP; Mathews MB Nature 332: 551-3 (1988) Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), which causes AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome), possesses an essential gene, tat, whose product, acting through the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequence88189273 Properties of yeast class III gene transcription factor TFIIIB. Implications regarding mechanism of action. Klekamp MS; Weil PA J Biol Chem 262: 7878-83 (1987) The yeast transcription factor TFIIIB has been examined with regard to its hydrodynamic properties. This protein, which is required for both tRNA and 5 S rRNA gene transcription in vitro, exhibits unu87222420 The JUN oncoprotein, a vertebrate transcription factor, activates transcription in yeast. Struhl K Nature 332: 649-50 (1988) Transcriptional activation of RNA polymerase II in eukaryotic organisms ranging from yeasts to mammals has many common features such as enhancer elements, TATA elements, and activator proteins that bi88189293 Effect of sequence differences between somatic and oocyte 5S RNA genes on transcriptional efficiency in an oocyte S150 extract. Reynolds WF Mol Cell Biol 8: 5056-8 (1988) The differential expression of the Xenopus laevis somatic and oocyte 5S RNA genes is partially, but not solely, due to several base differences near the 5' boundary of the internal control region. A h89096882 Bovine papillomavirus transcriptional regulation: localization of the E2-responsive elements of the long control region. Spalholz BA; Lambert PF; Yee CL; Howley PM J Virol 61: 2128-37 (1987) The long control region (LCR) of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome can function as a conditional transcriptional enhancer which can be specifically trans-activated by the viral E2 gene product. 87226393 Herpes simplex virus immediate-early promoters are responsive to virus and cell trans-acting factors. Gelman IH; Silverstein S J Virol 61: 2286-96 (1987) The promoters for each of the immediate-early genes from herpes simplex virus type 1 were cloned and fused to a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase cassette. These chimeric genes were used as targets in87226414 Bacteriophage P22 gene 23 product acts preferentially in cis. Riggs PD; Botstein D J Virol 61: 2316-8 (1987) The expression of the P22 late operon was measured while the activator of the late operon, the product of gene 23, was provided in cis or in trans. It was found that expression of the late operon, ass87226419 Gene regulation: specificity and flexibility [news] Robertson M Nature 327: 464-6 (1987) 87229051 Ordering promoter binding of class III transcription factors TFIIIC1 and TFIIIC2. Dean N; Berk AJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 3017-25 (1988) The separation of the mammalian class III transcription factor TFIIIC into two functional components, termed TFIIIC1 and TFIIIC2, enabled an analysis of their functions in transcription initiation. Te89096886 Novobiocin interferes with the binding of transcription factors TFIIIA and TFIIIC to the promoters of class III genes. Van Dyke MW; Roeder RG Nucleic Acids Res 15: 4365-74 (1987) Novobiocin has been shown to inhibit class III gene transcription from both chromatin and non-chromatin templates. Since novobiocin is a well characterized inhibitor of type II DNA topoisomerases, it 87231021 An RNA polymerase II transcription factor inactivated in poliovirus-infected cells copurifies with transcription factor TFIID. Kliewer S; Dasgupta A Mol Cell Biol 8: 3175-82 (1988) Inhibition of host cell RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription by poliovirus infection was studied in vitro. Whole-cell extracts prepared from poliovirus-infected HeLa cells at 3 h postinfection wer89096905 Purification and characterization of human mitochondrial transcription factor 1. Fisher RP; Clayton DA Mol Cell Biol 8: 3496-509 (1988) We purified to near homogeneity a transcription factor from human KB cell mitochondria. This factor, designated mitochondrial transcription factor 1 (mtTF1), is required for the in vitro recognition o89096943 GAL11 protein, an auxiliary transcription activator for genes encoding galactose-metabolizing enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Suzuki Y; Nogi Y; Abe A; Fukasawa T Mol Cell Biol 8: 4991-9 (1988) Normal function of the GAL11 gene is required for maximum production of the enzymes encoded by GAL1, GAL7, and GAL10 (collectively termed GAL1,7,10) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Strains bearing a gal189096873 The functional boundaries of the Q-utilization site required for antitermination of late transcription in bacteriophage lambda. Somasekhar G; Szybalski W Virology 158: 414-26 (1987) Expression of the late genes of bacteriophage lambda requires, in addition to the host functions, the lambda p'R promoter, the antiterminator sequence qut, and the product of gene Q which interacts wi87236206 Molecular analysis of GCN3, a translational activator of GCN4: evidence for posttranslational control of GCN3 regulatory function. Hannig EM; Hinnebusch AG Mol Cell Biol 8: 4808-20 (1988) GCN4 encodes a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The GCN3 product is a positive regulator required for increased synthesis of GCN4 protein in amin89096854 ROX1 encodes a heme-induced repression factor regulating ANB1 and CYC7 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lowry CV; Zitomer RS Mol Cell Biol 8: 4651-8 (1988) The ROX1 gene encodes a product implicated in the regulation of heme-repressed and heme-induced genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The gene has been cloned and shown to code for a 1.4-kilobase transcr89096834 Polymerase III transcription factor B activity is reduced in extracts of growth-restricted cells. Tower J; Sollner-Webb B Mol Cell Biol 8: 1001-5 (1988) Extracts of cells that are down-regulated for transcription by RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III exhibit a reduced in vitro transcriptional capacity. We have recently demonstrated that the down-88174689 Roles for a promoter and RNA processing in the synthesis of mitochondrial displacement-loop strands. Chang DD; Fisher RP; Clayton DA Biochim Biophys Acta 909: 85-91 (1987) 87242481 Effects of single-base substitutions within the Acanthamoeba castellanii rRNA promoter on transcription and on binding of transcription initiation factor and RNA polymerase I. Kownin P; Bateman E; Paule MR Mol Cell Biol 8: 747-53 (1988) Single-point mutations were introduced into the promoter region of the Acanthamoeba castellanii rRNA gene by chemical mutagen treatment of a single-stranded clone in vitro, followed by reverse transcr88174716 Proteins bound at adjacent DNA elements act synergistically to regulate human proenkephalin cAMP inducible transcription. Comb M; Mermod N; Hyman SE; Pearlberg J; Ross ME; Goodman HM EMBO J 7: 3793-805 (1988) Synthesis of the endogenous opioid precursor, proenkephalin, is regulated by neurotransmitters and membrane depolarization. These events act through second messenger dependent signal transduction path89091127 A transcriptional repressor encoded by BPV-1 shares a common carboxy-terminal domain with the E2 transactivator. Lambert PF; Spalholz BA; Howley PM Cell 50: 69-78 (1987) A negative-acting transcriptional regulatory factor encoded by bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) was identified. This factor inhibits BPV-1-mediated transformation of mouse C127 cells; inhibition i87244325 Promoter selection in human mitochondria involves binding of a transcription factor to orientation-independent upstream regulatory elements. Fisher RP; Topper JN; Clayton DA Cell 50: 247-58 (1987) Selective transcription of human mitochondrial DNA requires a transcription factor (mtTF) in addition to an essentially nonselective RNA polymerase. Partially purified mtTF is able to sequester promot87244340 A pituitary-specific trans-acting factor can stimulate transcription from the growth hormone promoter in extracts of nonexpressing cells. Bodner M; Karin M Cell 50: 267-75 (1987) The growth hormone (GH) gene is specifically expressed in the anterior pituitary. The first 289 bp of the human (h)GH 5' region contains a promoter that is active only in pituitary-derived cell lines.87244342 Cell-specific activity of a GGTCA half-palindromic oestrogen-responsive element in the chicken ovalbumin gene promoter. Tora L; Gaub MP; Mader S; Dierich A; Bellard M; Chambon P EMBO J 7: 3771-8 (1988) Using a transient co-transfection system we have identified a functional oestrogen responsive element (ERE) in the near vicinity of the TATA box of the chicken ovalbumin gene promoter. Oestrogen induc89091124 A zinc-responsive factor interacts with a metal-regulated enhancer element (MRE) of the mouse metallothionein-I gene. Westin G; Schaffner W EMBO J 7: 3763-70 (1988) Heavy metal ions are effective inducers of metallothionein gene transcription. The metal response is dependent on short DNA motifs, so-called MREs (metal responsive elements) that occur in multiple co89091123 Tissue-specific expression of the human growth hormone gene is conferred in part by the binding of a specific trans-acting factor. Lefevre C; Imagawa M; Dana S; Grindlay J; Bodner M; Karin M EMBO J 6: 971-81 (1987) The molecular basis for the pituitary-specific expression of the human growth hormone (hGH) gene was investigated, by gene transfer and protein footprinting experiments. Plasmid constructs in which CA87246534 Positionally exact initiation is required for the formation of a stable RNA polymerase II transcription complex in vivo. Tebb G; Mattaj IW EMBO J 7: 3785-92 (1988) The requirements for the formation of a stable transcription complex on the RNA polymerase II-transcribed Xenopus U2 snRNA gene have been analysed in vivo by oocyte microinjection experiments. The two89091126 Unrelated leader sequences can efficiently promote human tRNA gene transcription. Arnold GJ; Gross HJ Gene 51: 237-46 (1987) The 5'-leader sequence of a human tRNA gene encoding the major tRNA(IACVa 1) species was replaced by several unrelated sequences of human and bacterial origin. Transcription in a HeLa cell extract rev87248082 The Escherichia coli LexA repressor-operator system works in mammalian cells. Smith GM; Mileham KA; Cooke SE; Woolston SJ; George HK; Charles AD; Brammar WJ EMBO J 7: 3975-82 (1988) We have demonstrated the use of the Escherichia coli LexA repressor-operator system to down-regulate gene expression in mouse cells. The LexA gene was placed downstream of the RSVLTR promoter with pol89091148 Evidence for a nuclear factor(s), IRF-1, mediating induction and silencing properties to human IFN-beta gene regulatory elements. Fujita T; Sakakibara J; Sudo Y; Miyamoto M; Kimura Y; Taniguchi T EMBO J 7: 3397-405 (1988) Transcription of the human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene is induced by a variety of agents such as viruses, dsRNA and some cytokines. In this study, we describe a nuclear factor, termed interferon r89091081 prtR enhances the mRNA level of the Bacillus subtilis extracellular proteases. Tanaka T; Kawata M; Nagami Y; Uchiyama H J Bacteriol 169: 3044-50 (1987) Studies were performed on the prtR gene which enhances the production of the Bacillus subtilis extracellular proteases and levansucrase, but not the alpha-amylase, RNase, and alkaline phosphatase. To 87250267 Maltotriose is the inducer of the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. Raibaud O; Richet E J Bacteriol 169: 3059-61 (1987) In a cell-free system programmed with a plasmid bearing a malP'-'lacZ gene fusion under the control of malPp, beta-galactosidase synthesis was strictly dependent on the presence of both the MalT activ87250269 Organization and regulation of an operon that encodes a sporulation-essential sigma factor in Bacillus subtilis. Kenney TJ; Moran CP Jr J Bacteriol 169: 3329-39 (1987) Deletion of sigE, the structural gene for the sporulation-induced RNA polymerase sigma factor, sigma E, prevented endospore formation by Bacillus subtilis. The effects of integration of plasmids into 87250307 Transcription elongation factor SII interacts with a domain of the large subunit of human RNA polymerase II. Rappaport J; Cho K; Saltzman A; Prenger J; Golomb M; Weinmann R Mol Cell Biol 8: 3136-42 (1988) Genomic sequences for the large subunit of human RNA polymerase II corresponding to a part of the fifth exon were inserted into an expression vector at the carboxy-terminal end of the beta-galactosida89096900 An RNA polymerase II transcription system from rat liver. Purification of an essential component. Conaway JW; Bond MW; Conaway RC J Biol Chem 262: 8293-7 (1987) An enzyme system capable of supporting accurate initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II has been prepared from rat liver. Transcription depends upon at least three activities in addition to R87250427 Promoter properties and negative regulation of the uvrA gene by the LexA repressor and its amino-terminal DNA binding domain. Bertrand-Burggraf E; Hurstel S; Daune M; Schnarr M J Mol Biol 193: 293-302 (1987) A comparative study of the interaction of the LexA repressor of Escherichia coli and of its amino-terminal DNA binding domain to the uvrA operator has been undertaken. Most of the binding constants ar87254209 Transcription complexes for various class III genes differ in parameters of formation and stability towards salt. Jahn D; Wingender E; Seifart KH J Mol Biol 193: 303-13 (1987) RNA polymerase III faithfully transcribes the genes for ribosomal 5 S RNA, tRNA(1Met) or adenovirus VA RNA in vitro in the presence of required transcription factors. These genes display distinct diff87254210 The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early promoter DR contains a cis-acting element responsive to the EBV transactivator EB1 and an enhancer with constitutive and inducible activities. Chavrier P; Gruffat H; Chevallier-Greco A; Buisson M; Sergeant A J Virol 63: 607-14 (1989) The Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DR promoter controlled the expression of the PstI repeat region IR4. This promoter was activated by the EBV trans-acting factor EB1, mainly at the transcriptional level, a89094986 Induction of endogenous IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes by a regulatory transcription factor, IRF-1. Fujita T; Kimura Y; Miyamoto M; Barsoumian EL; Taniguchi T Nature 337: 270-2 (1989) Interferons (IFNs) have an important role in cell growth and differentiation. The most well-known function of IFNs is their antiviral activity; viral infections result in induction of the transcriptio89097276 Enhancers and trans-acting E2 transcriptional factors of papillomaviruses. Hirochika H; Broker TR; Chow LT J Virol 61: 2599-606 (1987) The upstream regulatory regions of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 1, 6b, 7, 11, 16, and 18, bovine papillomavirus type 1, and cottontail rabbit papillomavirus were cloned into transcriptional enhanc87254438 Transcription of adenovirus 2 major late and peptide IX genes under conditions of in vitro nucleosome assembly. Matsui T Mol Cell Biol 7: 1401-8 (1987) Plasmid DNA containing adenovirus 2 major late and peptide IX genes was assembled into nucleosomes in vitro, and the assembled nucleosomes were used as a template to study the regulatory mechanism of 87257829 The DNA-binding domain of the transcriptional activator protein NifA resides in its carboxy terminus, recognizes the upstream activator sequences of nif promoters and can be separated from the positivMorett E; Cannon W; Buck M Nucleic Acids Res 16: 11469-88 (1988) The positive control protein NifA activates transcription of nitrogen fixation promoters in Klebsiella pneumoniae. NifA is believed to bind to specific sites, the upstream activator sequences (UAS's),89098304 DNA sequence-directed nucleosome reconstitution on 5S RNA genes of Xenopus laevis. Gottesfeld JM Mol Cell Biol 7: 1612-22 (1987) Nucleosomes were reconstituted in vitro with several singly end-labeled restriction fragments derived from a cloned somatic-type 5S RNA gene of Xenopus laevis and purified nucleosome core particles fr87257858 Characterization of a cDNA clone encoding the visna virus transactivating protein. Davis JL; Clements JE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 414-8 (1989) The unique pathogenesis of lentiviral infections in humans and ruminant animals may be explained, in part, by the complex mechanisms regulating transcription and translation of their viral genes. This89098943 Synergistic action of the glucocorticoid receptor with transcription factors. Strahle U; Schmid W; Schutz G EMBO J 7: 3389-95 (1988) Steroid responsive elements (SRE) have been mapped at variable positions relative to the transcription start site and are often adjacent to binding sites of transcription regulatory proteins. In order89091080 Transcriptional regulation of an hsp70 heat shock gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Slater MR; Craig EA Mol Cell Biol 7: 1906-16 (1987) The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains three heat-inducible hsp70 genes. We have characterized the promoter region of the hsp70 heat shock gene YG100, that also displays a basal level of expressi87257893 Presence of transcription signals in two putative DNA replication origins of human cells. Falaschi A; Biamonti G; Cobianchi F; Csordas-Toth E; Faulkner G; Giacca M; Pedacchia D; Perini G; Riva S; Tribioli C Biochim Biophys Acta 951: 430-42 (1988) We describe the purification and cloning of human DNA replicated at the onset of S phase in HL60 cells synchronized with aphidicolin. A survey of the overall structural properties of these sequences d89088260 Functions of the DnaA protein of Escherichia coli in replication and transcription. Messer W; Seufert W; Schaefer C; Gielow A; Hartmann H; Wende M Biochim Biophys Acta 951: 351-8 (1988) The function of DnaA protein as a replisome organizer in the initiation of DNA replication is reviewed. A model is presented showing the construction of two basic types of DnaA-dependent replication o89088249 Interactions of Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho with RNA. II. Electron microscopy and nuclease protection experiments. Bear DG; Hicks PS; Escudero KW; Andrews CL; McSwiggen JA; von Hippel PH J Mol Biol 199: 623-35 (1988) Structural aspects of the interaction between Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho and RNA have been investigated, using nuclease protection assays and electron microscopy. A syntheti88172508 Two forms of transcription factor TFIIIC in extracts from HeLa cells. Van Dyke MW; Roeder RG Nucleic Acids Res 15: 5031-9 (1987) Partially-purified preparations of transcription factor TFIIIC derived from either cytoplasmic (S100) or nuclear (NE) HeLa cell extracts possessed comparable activities when assayed by in vitro transc87259984 Evidence that TET protein functions as a multimer in the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Hickman RK; Levy SB J Bacteriol 170: 1715-20 (1988) The inner membrane TET (TetA) protein, which is involved in Tn10-mediated microbial tetracycline resistance, consists of two domains, alpha and beta, both of which are needed for tetracycline resistan88169496 Genetic analysis of the iron uptake region of the Vibrio anguillarum plasmid pJM1: molecular cloning of genetic determinants encoding a novel trans activator of siderophore biosynthesis. Tolmasky ME; Actis LA; Crosa JH J Bacteriol 170: 1913-9 (1988) Clones carrying the iron uptake region of the Vibrio anguillarum plasmid pJM1 were subjected to insertion mutagenesis, using transposon Tn3::HoHo1 which carries a promoterless lacZ gene and can thus g88169524 rpoD operon promoter used by sigma H-RNA polymerase in Bacillus subtilis. Carter HL 3d; Wang LF; Doi RH; Moran CP Jr J Bacteriol 170: 1617-21 (1988) Three promoters direct transcription of the sigA (rpoD) operon in Bacillus subtilis. Promoters P1 and P2 are used during the exponential growth phase, whereas P3 is used only during the stationary pha88169483 Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA: structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor. Arriza JL; Weinberger C; Cerelli G; Glaser TM; Handelin BL; Housman DE; Evans RM Science 237: 268-75 (1987) Low-stringency hybridization with human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) complementary DNA was used to isolate a new gene encoding a predicted 107-kilodalton polypeptide. Expression studies demonstrate i87263386 Relationship between the transforming and transcriptional regulatory functions of adenovirus 2 E1a oncogene. Kuppuswamy MN; Chinnadurai G Virology 159: 31-8 (1987) The E1a region of adenoviruses encodes two early proteins of 289 amino acids (289R) and 243R from two differentially spliced mRNAs of 13 and 12 S, respectively. These E1a proteins of adenoviruses are 87265474 Definition of a region required for transformation in E1a of adenovirus 12. Murphy M; Opalka B; Sajaczkowski R; Schulte-Holthausen H Virology 159: 49-56 (1987) In order to define functionally important regions of the E1 a gene of adenovirus 12 (Ad12), a number of Ad12 mutants were studied. These mutants share an identical 69-bp deletion in the first exon of 87265476 Zinc in DNA replication and transcription. Wu FY; Wu CW Annu Rev Nutr 7: 251-72 (1987) 87271333 Cloning, sequencing, and disruption of the Bacillus subtilis sigma 28 gene. Helmann JD; Marquez LM; Chamberlin MJ J Bacteriol 170: 1568-74 (1988) Bacillus subtilis contains multiple forms of RNA polymerase holoenzyme, distinguished by the presence of different specificity determinants known as sigma factors. The sigma 28 factor was initially pu88169477 A general transcription factor forms a stable complex with RNA polymerase B (II). Zheng XM; Moncollin V; Egly JM; Chambon P Cell 50: 361-8 (1987) A general transcription factor (BTF3) has been purified from HeLa whole cell extracts and shown to be required for accurate initiation of transcription from the adenovirus-2 major late promoter (Ad2ML87273498 Structure and chromosomal localization of the functional intronless human JUN protooncogene. Hattori K; Angel P; Le Beau MM; Karin M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 9148-52 (1988) The JUN protooncogene encodes a protein that is functionally and biochemically identical to the transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein 1). To understand the structure and regulation of this impo89057892 A cellular transcription factor E4F1 interacts with an E1a-inducible enhancer and mediates constitutive enhancer function in vitro. Lee KA; Green MR EMBO J 6: 1345-53 (1987) Efficient transcription of the adenovirus E1a-inducible E4 gene is mediated by an E1a-dependent enhancer in vivo. In vitro, the enhancer functions constitutively in the absence of E1a, conferring high87275829 Regulation of Escherichia coli purF. Mutations that define the promoter, operator, and purine repressor gene. Rolfes RJ; Zalkin H J Biol Chem 263: 19649-52 (1988) Mutations were constructed in vitro which identify the -35 promoter element and the operator site of the Escherichia coli purF operon as well as confirm the -10 promoter sequence. The operator was loc89066794 Effect of DNA supercoiling and catabolite repression on the expression of the tetA genes in Escherichia coli. Leon P; Alvarez G; Diaz de Leon F; Gomez-Eichelmann MC Can J Microbiol 34: 839-42 (1988) The effect of novobiocin, a gyrase inhibitor, and of catabolite repression on the expression of different classes of tetA genes in Escherichia coli was studied. The results obtained showed that the co89063068 Promoters largely determine the efficiency of repressor action. Lanzer M; Bujard H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 8973-7 (1988) Operator sequence and repressor protein regulate the activity of the lac promoter over a greater than 1000-fold range. Combinations of the lac operator with other promoter sequences, however, differ v89057861 Gene regulation. A hit-and-run mechanism for transcriptional activation? [news] Schaffner W Nature 336: 427-8 (1988) 89057134 Genetic studies of a secondary RNA polymerase sigma factor in Bacillus subtilis. Igo M; Lampe M; Ray C; Schafer W; Moran CP Jr; Losick R J Bacteriol 169: 3464-9 (1987) sigma B (sigma 37) is a secondary species of RNA polymerase sigma factor found in the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. To study the function of sigma B genetically, we sought mutations that 87279890 Flagellar transcriptional activators FlbB and FlaI: gene sequences and 5' consensus sequences of operons under FlbB and FlaI control. Bartlett DH; Frantz BB; Matsumura P J Bacteriol 170: 1575-81 (1988) The regulation of the expression of the operons in the flagella-chemotaxis regulon in Escherichia coli has been shown to be a highly ordered cascade which closely parallels the assembly of the flagell88169478 Replication of DNA in eukaryotic chromosomes. Taylor JH Results Probl Cell Differ 14: 173-97 (1987) 87291178 Multiple nonhistone protein-DNA complexes in chromatin regulate the cell- and stage-specific activity of an eukaryotic gene. Sippel AE; Borgmeyer U; Puschel AW; Rupp RA; Stief A; Strech-Jurk U; Theisen M Results Probl Cell Differ 14: 255-69 (1987) 87291183 Multiple global regulators control HIS4 transcription in yeast. Arndt KT; Styles C; Fink GR Science 237: 874-80 (1987) Gene expression is dependent on the interaction of DNA binding factors with distinct promoter control elements to activate RNA synthesis. The expression of the HIS4 gene in yeast is under two differen87292116 Genomic structure and amino acid sequence domains of the human La autoantigen. Chambers JC; Kenan D; Martin BJ; Keene JD J Biol Chem 263: 18043-51 (1988) La is an autoimmune RNA-binding protein of 47 kDa that plays a role in the transcription of RNA polymerase III. Both genomic and complementary DNAs were isolated that encompass the coding sequence of 89053970 Identification of the major cottontail rabbit papillomavirus late RNA cap site and mapping and quantitation of an E2 and minor E6 coding mRNA in papillomas and carcinomas. Wettstein FO; Barbosa MS; Nasseri M Virology 159: 321-8 (1987) The capsite of the 2.6- and 4.8-kb major late transcripts of cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) has been mapped by primer extension. A leader exon of about 300 nucleotides common to both RNAs is 87293891 Eukaryotic RNA polymerase I promoter binding is directed by protein contacts with transcription initiation factor and is DNA sequence-independent. Kownin P; Bateman E; Paule MR Cell 50: 693-9 (1987) RNA polymerase I binding to the eukaryotic ribosomal RNA gene promoter-transcription initiation factor (TIF) complex was examined by in vitro transcription and footprinting of a series of spacer mutan87301712 Interactions between a DNA-binding transcription factor (COUP) and a non-DNA binding factor (S300-II). Tsai SY; Sagami I; Wang H; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Cell 50: 701-9 (1987) We have identified previously two transcription factors, COUP (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter) and S300-II, from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. In this paper, the purine base and the phosphate backb87301713 Evidence for a trans-acting factor that regulates the transcription of class II major histocompatibility complex genes: genetic and functional analysis. Calman AF; Peterlin BM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 8830-4 (1988) The study of specific trans-acting transcription factors in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes has been greatly facilitated by genetic analysis of mutant strains deficient in such factors. We have devel89057832 An antitermination protein engages the elongating transcription apparatus at a promoter-proximal recognition site. Barik S; Ghosh B; Whalen W; Lazinski D; Das A Cell 50: 885-99 (1987) As a transcriptional activator, the N protein of phage lambda acts to suppress transcription termination by recognizing a promoter-proximal site, nut, which is separated from the terminators by thousa87301732 Initiation of transcription at the bacterial glnAp2 promoter by purified E. coli components is facilitated by enhancers. Ninfa AJ; Reitzer LJ; Magasanik B Cell 50: 1039-46 (1987) The initiation of transcription from the nitrogen-regulated promoter glnAp2 requires RNA polymerase containing sigma 54, the transcriptional activator NRI, and the protein kinase NRII, responsible for87301747 Distinguishing between mechanisms of eukaryotic transcriptional activation with bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. Chen W; Tabor S; Struhl K Cell 50: 1047-55 (1987) To distinguish between mechanisms of eukaryotic transcriptional activation, we tested whether yeast upstream promoter elements can stimulate transcription by a heterologous transcription machinery, ba87301748 Functional domains of adenovirus type 5 E1a proteins. Lillie JW; Loewenstein PM; Green MR; Green M Cell 50: 1091-100 (1987) Adenovirus E1a proteins function in transcriptional activation, transcriptional repression, cellular DNA synthesis induction, and cellular transformation. Here we examine the role of the previously un87301752 Purified human factor activates heat shock promoter in a HeLa cell-free transcription system. Goldenberg CJ; Luo Y; Fenna M; Baler R; Weinmann R; Voellmy R J Biol Chem 263: 19734-9 (1988) Heat shock protein (hsp) genes are typically silent and are activated by various stresses including heat. As a first step toward understanding this activation event, a human factor, referred to here a89066805 Cytosine methylation prevents binding to DNA of a HeLa cell transcription factor required for optimal expression of the adenovirus major late promoter. Watt F; Molloy PL Genes Dev 2: 1136-43 (1988) Cytosine methylation within CpG dinucleotides has been implicated in the regulation of gene expression in vertebrates and, in some cases, has been shown to be causative in repression of transcription.89053051 Suppression of rpoH (htpR) mutations of Escherichia coli: heat shock response in suhA revertants. Tobe T; Kusukawa N; Yura T J Bacteriol 169: 4128-34 (1987) Temperature-resistant pseudorevertants were isolated from rpoH (htpR) mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 that cannot grow at a high temperature owing to a deficiency in sigma 32 required for the inducti87307993 Developmental expression of three proteins from the first gene of the RNA polymerase sigma 43 operon of Bacillus subtilis. Wang LF; Doi RH J Bacteriol 169: 4190-5 (1987) The first gene of the Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase sigma 43 operon, P23, has a protein-coding capacity of 23,000 daltons. Sequence analysis revealed three potential translational initiation sites 87308002 Mutations that create new promoters suppress the sigma 54 dependence of glnA transcription in Escherichia coli. Reitzer LJ; Bueno R; Cheng WD; Abrams SA; Rothstein DM; Hunt TP; Tyler B; Magasanik B J Bacteriol 169: 4279-84 (1987) Escherichia coli rpoN mutants lack sigma 54 and are therefore unable to initiate the transcription of glnA at glnAp2, which is required for the production of a high intracellular concentration of glut87308015 An enhancer element in the far upstream spacer region of rat ribosomal RNA gene. Dixit A; Garg LC; Chao W; Jacob ST J Biol Chem 262: 11616-22 (1987) To determine whether far upstream 5'-flanking sequences control rat rDNA transcription, we constructed plasmids containing several 5' and 3' deletions within the nontranscribed spacer region. In vitro87308131 A human lymphoid-specific transcription factor that activates immunoglobulin genes is a homoeobox protein. Scheidereit C; Cromlish JA; Gerster T; Kawakami K; Balmaceda CG; Currie RA; Roeder RG Nature 336: 551-7 (1988) The human lymphoid-specific transcription factor OTF-2 contains a homoeodomain that is required for DNA binding and binds specifically to DNA elements that are recognized by Drosophila homoeodomain pr89070675 Purification and characterization of a transcription termination factor from vaccinia virions. Shuman S; Broyles SS; Moss B J Biol Chem 262: 12372-80 (1987) A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that transcribes vaccinia virus early genes was partially purified from virus cores by deoxycholate extraction and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Accurately initi87308251 Direct interaction between fos and jun nuclear oncoproteins: role of the 'leucine zipper' domain. Sassone-Corsi P; Ransone LJ; Lamph WW; Verma IM Nature 336: 692-5 (1988) Gene expression is modulated by the specific interactions of nuclear proteins with unique regulatory sequences in the genome. Proteins involved in transcriptional regulation seem to be either transcri89070706 Purification and properties of the MalT protein, the transcription activator of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon. Richet E; Raibaud O J Biol Chem 262: 12647-53 (1987) Expression of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon is controlled by MalT, a transcriptional activator (Mr = 102,288) encoded by the malT gene. Activation of transcription depends on the presence of th87308297 Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 long terminal repeat: analysis of regulatory elements. Arya SK; Gallo RC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 9753-7 (1988) The long terminal repeats (LTRs) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and a related simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac) contain cis-acting positive regulatory elements upstream and th89071774 Distinct regions of Sp1 modulate DNA binding and transcriptional activation. Kadonaga JT; Courey AJ; Ladika J; Tjian R Science 242: 1566-70 (1988) Sp1 is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein that activates RNA polymerase II transcription from promoters that contain properly positioned GC boxes. A series of deletion mutants of Sp1 were express89072739 Dissection of immediate-early gene promoters from herpes simplex virus: sequences that respond to the virus transcriptional activators. Gelman IH; Silverstein S J Virol 61: 3167-72 (1987) The immediate-early promoters of herpes simplex virus give rise to the first series of transcripts after infection. These promoters are composed of compound sequence elements that govern basal level a87311878 Further characterization of an MSP-1-derived transcription particle (transcripton) using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Rosenberg NL Mol Cell Biochem 75: 5-13 (1987) A native transcription particle (transcripton) derived from Novikoff nucleoli by digestion with MSP-1 was isolated and characterized. Various monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were used to determin87315039 Monoclonal antibodies to the NS protein of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibit initiation of transcripts in vitro and dissociate leader RNA from mRNA synthesis. Williams PM; Williamson KA; Emerson SU Virology 167: 342-8 (1988) Three monoclonal antibodies directed against the NS protein of vesicular stomatitis virus inhibited homotypic in vitro transcription reactions. One antibody inhibited transcription only moderately whi89073735 Fimbrial structures of enterotoxigenic E. coli. De Graaf FK Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 54: 395-404 (1988) 89075781 Structural arrangements of transcription control domains within the 5'-untranslated leader regions of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 promoters. Jones KA; Luciw PA; Duchange N Genes Dev 2: 1101-14 (1988) Promoter-proximal downstream regions of the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) mediate the action of the viral transcription activator protein, Tat. We demonstrate here that the downstre89053048 A cell-specific activator in the Xenopus A2 vitellogenin gene: promoter elements functioning with rat liver nuclear extracts. Dobbeling U; Ross K; Klein-Hitpass L; Morley C; Wagner U; Ryffel GU EMBO J 7: 2495-501 (1988) Transfection experiments using Xenopus vitellogenin A2 gene constructs allowed us to identify an activator which increases the activity of the thymidine kinase promoter. The activator is located betwe89052663 Only two of the four sites of interaction with nuclear factors within the Xenopus U2 gene promoter are necessary for efficient transcription. Tebb G; Bohmann D; Mattaj IW Nucleic Acids Res 15: 6437-53 (1987) An analysis, performed by DNase I footprinting, of the interactions between factors present in Molt-4 nuclear extracts and a Xenopus U2 snRNA gene promoter is presented. Four distinct regions of seque87316911 Phorbol ester-responsive H-ras1 gene promoter contains multiple TPA-inducible/AP-1-binding consensus sequence elements. Spandidos DA; Nichols RA; Wilkie NM; Pintzas A FEBS Lett 240: 191-5 (1988) We have constructed recombinant DNA plasmids which carry both the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase (aph) gene and the chloramphenicol acetyl-transferase (CAT) gene linked to the human normal or mutan89052884 Transcriptional activation by the E1A regions of adenovirus types 40 and 41. van Loon AE; Gilardi P; Perricaudet M; Rozijn TH; Sussenbach JS Virology 160: 305-7 (1987) In order to establish whether the poor growth of the two fastidious adenoviruses types 40 and 41 (Ad40 and Ad41) in HeLa cells is due to a reduced trans-activation by the early region 1A (E1A), we hav87321120 Sp1 transcription factor binds DNA and activates transcription even when the binding site is CpG methylated. Holler M; Westin G; Jiricny J; Schaffner W Genes Dev 2: 1127-35 (1988) In vertebrates, a negative correlation between gene activity and CpG methylation of DNA, notably in the promoter region, is well established. Therefore, it is conceivable that differential binding of 89053050 A variant nuclear protein in dedifferentiated hepatoma cells binds to the same functional sequences in the beta fibrinogen gene promoter as HNF-1. Baumhueter S; Courtois G; Crabtree GR EMBO J 7: 2485-93 (1988) Normal liver and differentiated hepatoma cell lines contain a nuclear factor, HNF-1, which binds functional sequences within the promoters of the alpha and beta chains of fibrinogen and alpha 1-antitr89052662 Transforming but not immortalizing oncogenes activate the transcription factor PEA1. Wasylyk C; Imler JL; Wasylyk B EMBO J 7: 2475-83 (1988) The transcription factor PEA1 (a homologue of AP1 and c-jun) is highly active in several fibroblast cell lines, compared to its low activity in a myeloma and an embryo-carcinoma (EC) cell line. Serum 89052661 Yeast class III gene transcription factors and homologous RNA polymerase III form ternary transcription complexes stable to disruption by N-lauroyl-sarcosine (sarcosyl). Klekamp MS; Weil PA Arch Biochem Biophys 246: 783-800 (1986) Yeast Class III gene transcription factors and RNA polymerase III were used to form ternary transcription complexes on a tRNASer gene in vitro under UTP-limiting transcription conditions. These ternar86214055 Analysis of Sp1 in vivo reveals multiple transcriptional domains, including a novel glutamine-rich activation motif. Courey AJ; Tjian R Cell 55: 887-98 (1988) We have adopted Drosophila tissue culture cells as a host system for studying the structure and function of mammalian transcription factors. These cells provide an Sp1-deficient background and have be89051878 Functional dissection of a eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, GCN4 of yeast. Hope IA; Struhl K Cell 46: 885-94 (1986) Yeast GCN4 protein binds specifically to the promoters of amino acid biosynthetic genes and coordinately induces their transcription. Serially deleted GCN4 and hybrid LexA-GCN4 proteins were assayed f87002456 Transcriptional activation by the pseudorabies virus immediate early protein requires the TATA box element in the adenovirus 2 E1B promoter. Wu L; Berk AJ Virology 167: 318-22 (1988) The adenovirus E1A protein and immediately early (IE) protein of pseudorabies virus stimulate transcription from many promoters. It has been postulated that these proteins function via cellular interm89045665 Genetic dissection of functional domains within the avian erythroblastosis virus v-erbA oncogene. Privalsky ML; Boucher P; Koning A; Judelson C Mol Cell Biol 8: 4510-7 (1988) The avian erythroblastosis virus v-erbA locus potentiates the oncogenic transformation of erythroid and fibroblast cells and is derived from a host cell gene encoding a thyroid hormone receptor. We re89039881 Multiple hepatic trans-acting factors are required for in vitro transcription of the human alpha-1-antitrypsin gene. Li Y; Shen RF; Tsai SY; Woo SL Mol Cell Biol 8: 4362-9 (1988) The human alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) gene is expressed in the liver, and its deficiency causes pulmonary emphysema. We have demonstrated that its 5'-flanking region contains cis-acting elements capable89039864 Natural point mutations within rat rDNA transcription terminator elements reveal the functional importance of single bases for factor binding and termination. Kermekchiev MB; Grummt I Nucleic Acids Res 15: 4131-43 (1987) 87230995 Abdominal segmentation of the Drosophila embryo requires a hormone receptor-like protein encoded by the gap gene knirps. Nauber U; Pankratz MJ; Kienlin A; Seifert E; Klemm U; Jackle H Nature 336: 489-92 (1988) The body pattern along the anterior-posterior axis of the insect embryo is thought to be established by two organizing centres localized at the ends of the egg. Genetic analysis of the polarity-organi89057148 Evolutionary changes of sequences and factors that direct transcription termination of human and mouse ribsomal genes. Bartsch I; Schoneberg C; Grummt I Mol Cell Biol 7: 2521-9 (1987) We have analyzed the sequences required for termination of human rDNA transcription. The human ribosomal transcription unit is shown to extend about 350 nucleotides into the 3'-terminal spacer and end87286888 Positive and negative regulation of transcription in vitro: enhancer-binding protein AP-2 is inhibited by SV40 T antigen. Mitchell PJ; Wang C; Tjian R Cell 50: 847-61 (1987) We have purified a 52 kd protein, AP-2, that binds to enhancer regions of SV40 and human metallothionein IIA (hMT IIA) and stimulates RNA synthesis from these promoters in vitro. Surprisingly, AP-2 al87301729 A new class of yeast transcriptional activators. Ma J; Ptashne M Cell 51: 113-9 (1987) We describe yeast transcriptional activators encoded by E. coli genomic DNA fragments fused to the coding sequence of the DNA-binding portion of GAL4. All of the new activating sequences that we have 88002319 Mutants of GAL4 protein altered in an activation function. Gill G; Ptashne M Cell 51: 121-6 (1987) Activating region I of GAL4 has been defined as a region 48 amino acids long which, when attached to GAL4's DNA-binding domain, activates transcription in yeast. Here we describe mutants bearing chang88002320 A common octamer motif binding protein is involved in the transcription of U6 snRNA by RNA polymerase III and U2 snRNA by RNA polymerase II. Carbon P; Murgo S; Ebel JP; Krol A; Tebb G; Mattaj LW Cell 51: 71-9 (1987) The structure of a Xenopus U6 gene promoter has been investigated. Three regions in the 5'-flanking sequences of the gene that are important for U6 expression are defined. Deletion of the first, betwe88002331 Modulation of epidermal growth factor receptor proto-oncogene transcription by a promoter site sensitive to S1 nuclease. Johnson AC; Jinno Y; Merlino GT Mol Cell Biol 8: 4174-84 (1988) The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is the functional target of the mitogen EGF and the cellular homolog of the avian erythroblastosis virus erbB oncogene product. Regulation of expression of t89039842 The yeast tRNA(Phe) gene family: structures and transcriptional activities reveal member differences not explained by intragenic promoters. Bull P; Thorikay M; Moenne A; Wilkens M; Sanchez H; Valenzuela P; Venegas A DNA 6: 353-62 (1987) Several cloned members of the yeast tRNA(Phe) gene family were transcribed in vitro using a HeLa extract and a yeast extract. The optimum DNA concentration was determined and kinetic experiments were 88003973 The properties of a new polymerase III transcription factor reveal that transcription complexes can assemble by more than one pathway. Ottonello S; Rivier DH; Doolittle GM; Young LS; Sprague KU EMBO J 6: 1921-7 (1987) We have resolved a previously unidentified factor (TFIIID) that is required for in vitro transcription of polymerase III templates. Our ability to resolve factor D from each of the other components of88004399 Regulation of immunoglobulin gene transcription by labile repressor factor(s). Kitamura D; Maeda H; Araki K; Kudo A; Watanabe T Eur J Immunol 17: 1249-56 (1987) The cloned human gamma 1 heavy chain gene (HIG1) was scarcely expressed in the stable transformants of a mouse fibroblast line, L cell or a T cell line, EL4, and no gamma 1 heavy chain was produced in88004722 A common factor regulates skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin gene transcription in muscle. Muscat GE; Gustafson TA; Kedes L Mol Cell Biol 8: 4120-33 (1988) The skeletal and cardiac alpha-actin genes are coexpressed in muscle development but exhibit distinctive tissue-specific patterns of expression. We used an in vivo competition assay and an in vitro el89039836 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: purification, genetic specificity, and TATA box-promoter interactions of TFIID. Nakajima N; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 8: 4028-40 (1988) Selective and accurate transcription of purified genes by RNA polymerase II requires multiple factors. The factor designated TFIID was purified extensively from HeLa cell nuclear extracts by using a s89039826 A common trans-acting factor is involved in transcriptional regulation of neurotransmitter genes by cyclic AMP. Hyman SE; Comb M; Lin YS; Pearlberg J; Green MR; Goodman HM Mol Cell Biol 8: 4225-33 (1988) Activation of neurotransmitter receptors can regulate transcription in postsynaptic cells through the actions of second messengers. Trans-synaptic regulation of transcription appears to be an importan89039849 Constitutive transcription of yeast ribosomal protein gene TCM1 is promoted by uncommon cis- and trans-acting elements. Hamil KG; Nam HG; Fried HM Mol Cell Biol 8: 4328-41 (1988) The DNA sequence UAST (TCGTTTTGTACGTTTTTCA) was found to mediate transcription of yeast ribosomal protein gene TCM1. UAST was defined as a transcriptional activator on the basis of loss of transcripti89039861 Monoclonal antibodies that recognize transcription unit proteins on newt lampbrush chromosomes. Roth MB; Gall JG J Cell Biol 105: 1047-54 (1987) We prepared hybridoma cell lines from mice injected with newt germinal vesicle proteins. We tested culture supernates from these cell lines for antibodies that bound to specific morphological structur88007829 Mechanism of suppression of lipopolysaccharide-driven B cell differentiation by anti-mu antibodies. Evidence for a trans-acting repressor of transcription. Flahart RE; Lawton AR J Exp Med 166: 864-73 (1987) Bivalent anti-mu antibodies suppress LPS-driven B cell differentiation by inhibiting the coordinate activation of a family of differentiation-related genes, including those encoding the heavy, light, 88009710 Functional comparison of transactivation by simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Viglianti GA; Mullins JI J Virol 62: 4523-32 (1988) Simian immunodeficiency virus from rhesus macaques (SIVmac), like human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), encodes a transactivator (tat) which stimulates long terminal repeat (LTR)-directed gene 89037336 lambda N antitermination system: functional analysis of phage interactions with the host NusA protein. Schauer AT; Carver DL; Bigelow B; Baron LS; Friedman DI J Mol Biol 194: 679-90 (1987) Coliphage lambda gene expression is regulated temporally by systems of termination and antitermination of transcription. The lambda-encoded N protein (pN) acting with host factors (Nus) at sites (nut)88011208 Bacteriophage P22 Mnt repressor. DNA binding and effects on transcription in vitro. Vershon AK; Liao SM; McClure WR; Sauer RT J Mol Biol 195: 311-22 (1987) We have examined the binding of Mnt repressor to operator DNA in vitro and have determined how this binding affects the level of transcription from two nearby promoters, Pant and Pmnt. Mnt binds to a 88011246 Interaction of the bacteriophage P22 Arc repressor with operator DNA. Vershon AK; Liao SM; McClure WR; Sauer RT J Mol Biol 195: 323-31 (1987) Are repressor binds to a single, partially symmetric, 21 base-pair operator site that is centered between the -10 and -35 regions of the Pant promoter. Protection and interference experiments show tha88011247 Maximal binding levels of an H1 histone gene-specific factor in S-phase correlate with maximal H1 gene transcription. Dalton S; Wells JR Mol Cell Biol 8: 4576-8 (1988) Levels of trans-acting factor (H1-SF) binding to the histone H1 gene-specific motif (5'-AAACACA-3' [L. S. Coles and J. R. E. Wells, Nucleic Acids Res. 13:585-594, 1985]) increase 12-fold from G1 to S-89039895 The herpes simplex virus type 1 alpha protein ICP27 can act as a trans-repressor or a trans-activator in combination with ICP4 and ICP0. Sekulovich RE; Leary K; Sandri-Goldin RM J Virol 62: 4510-22 (1988) The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) alpha proteins ICP4, ICP0, and ICP27 are trans-acting proteins which affect HSV-1 gene expression. To investigate potential interactions between these alpha pro89037335 Characterization of cellular factors that interact with the human T-cell leukemia virus type I p40x-responsive 21-base-pair sequence. Jeang KT; Boros I; Brady J; Radonovich M; Khoury G J Virol 62: 4499-509 (1988) Transcriptional activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) by viral protein p40x requires a 21-base-pair (bp) sequence which is repeated three times withi89037334 Regulation of the phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli. Activation of pstS transcription by PhoB protein in vitro. Makino K; Shinagawa H; Amemura M; Kimura S; Nakata A; Ishihama A J Mol Biol 203: 85-95 (1988) Expression of the genes in the phosphate regulon, including the pstS (phoS) and phoB genes, is positively regulated by PhoB protein when phosphate is limited. We purified PhoB protein from overproduci89037197 The pituitary-specific transcription factor GHF-1 is a homeobox-containing protein. Bodner M; Castrillo JL; Theill LE; Deerinck T; Ellisman M; Karin M Cell 55: 505-18 (1988) Growth hormone factor 1 (GHF-1) is a pituitary-specific transcription factor that plays a critical role in cell type-specific expression of the growth hormone (GH) gene. Here, we describe the isolatio89028660 Converting a eukaryotic transcriptional inhibitor into an activator. Ma J; Ptashne M Cell 55: 443-6 (1988) GAL80, an inhibitor of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4, is converted into an activator by inserting an acidic activating sequence into it. This hybrid activator does not bind to DNA directly,89028653 Fos and Jun: the AP-1 connection. Curran T; Franza BR Jr Cell 55: 395-7 (1988) 89028648 Metallothionein gene regulation in Menkes' syndrome. Hamer DH Arch Dermatol 123: 1384a-1385a (1987) The characteristic feature of Menkes' disease is a maldistribution of bodily copper; decreased copper levels are present in the serum, brain, and liver, whereas excess levels are present in gut, kidne88022868 A tissue-specific transcription factor containing a homeodomain specifies a pituitary phenotype. Ingraham HA; Chen RP; Mangalam HJ; Elsholtz HP; Flynn SE; Lin CR; Simmons DM; Swanson L; Rosenfeld MG Cell 55: 519-29 (1988) Multiple related cis-active elements required for cell-specific activation of the rat prolactin gene appear to bind a pituitary-specific positive transcription factor(s), referred to as Pit-1. DNA com89028661 Structure and function of the sigma-70 subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Monoclonal antibodies: localization of epitopes by peptide mapping and effects on transcription. Strickland MS; Thompson NE; Burgess RR Biochemistry 27: 5755-62 (1988) Murine monoclonal antibodies reactive with the major sigma subunit (sigma-70) of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase were obtained by standard hybridoma techniques. Western blot analyses established that 89026768 Effects of Escherichia coli Nus A protein on transcription termination in vitro are not increased or decreased by DNA sequences sufficient for antitermination in vivo. Sigmund CD; Morgan EA Biochemistry 27: 5628-35 (1988) The ability of Escherichia coli Nus A protein to recognize specific DNA or RNA sequences in vitro was tested by using transcription templates containing a variety of promoters, transcription terminato89026750 Transcription factor AP-2 mediates induction by two different signal-transduction pathways: protein kinase C and cAMP. Imagawa M; Chiu R; Karin M Cell 51: 251-60 (1987) We have purified and characterized the 50 kd activator protein 2 (AP-2), another enhancer-binding protein interacting with the human metallothionein IIA (hMT-IIA) gene control region. Purified AP-2 ac88027009 The N-terminal DNA-binding 'zinc finger' of the oestrogen and glucocorticoid receptors determines target gene specificity. Green S; Kumar V; Theulaz I; Wahli W; Chambon P EMBO J 7: 3037-44 (1988) Steroid hormone receptors activate specific gene transcription by binding as hormone-receptor complexes to short DNA enhancer-like elements termed hormone response elements (HREs). We have shown previ89030597 Nus A protein affects transcriptional pausing and termination in vitro by binding to different sites on the transcription complex. Sigmund CD; Morgan EA Biochemistry 27: 5622-7 (1988) We examined the in vitro concentration dependence of the effects of Nus A on transcription termination and pausing to determine if Nus A affects both pausing and termination in vitro by binding to a s89026749 Augmentation and stable expression of a novel transcription factor SII in CD4-positive cells on infection with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). Hamamoto Y; Hirashima S; Natori S; Yamamoto N; Kobayashi N Biochem Biophys Res Commun 155: 1346-52 (1988) We have examined the expression of a novel transcription factor SII in HIV-infected cells. Concomitant with the increasing expression of HIV-1 mRNA, the viability of HIV infected cells dropped and the89025807 Translational polarity of a mutation in the initiator AUG codon of the lambda cI gene. Gussin GN; Brown S; Matz K Genetics 117: 173-9 (1987) A PRM-cI-lacZ fusion inserted into the b2 region of bacteriophage lambda was used to isolate mutations affecting expression of both the lambda cI gene and the lacZ gene. One such mutation, a change in88030649 Differentiation and DNA contact points of host proteins binding at the cis site for virion-mediated induction of alpha genes of herpes simplex virus 1. Kristie TM; Roizman B J Virol 62: 1145-57 (1988) Transcriptional trans-activation of the five herpes simplex virus 1 alpha genes by the alpha trans-inducing factor requires a cis-acting site (alpha TIC; with the consensus 5'-GyATGnTAATGArATTCyTTGnGG88155749 Isolation of Escherichia coli rpoB mutants resistant to killing by lambda cII protein and altered in pyrE gene attenuation. Hammer K; Jensen KF; Poulsen P; Oppenheim AB; Gottesman M J Bacteriol 169: 5289-97 (1987) Escherichia coli mutants simultaneously resistant to rifampin and to the lethal effects of bacteriophage lambda cII protein were isolated. The sck mutant strains carry alterations in rpoB that allow t88032855 Oncogene jun encodes a sequence-specific trans-activator similar to AP-1. Angel P; Allegretto EA; Okino ST; Hattori K; Boyle WJ; Hunter T; Karin M Nature 332: 166-71 (1988) Proto-oncogenes encode proteins with three main sites of action: the cell-surface membrane, the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Although the exact biochemical function of most proto-oncogene products is no88156935 A Harvey-ras responsive transcription element is also responsive to a tumour-promoter and to serum. Imler JL; Schatz C; Wasylyk C; Chatton B; Wasylyk B Nature 332: 275-8 (1988) The ras oncogenes are implicated in the onset of some human tumours, and in cellular proliferation and terminal differentiation. The ras proteins are plasma membrane bound transducers of signals betwe88156965 Identification and purification of EBP1: a HeLa cell protein that binds to a region overlapping the 'core' of the SV40 enhancer. Clark L; Pollock RM; Hay RT Genes Dev 2: 991-1002 (1988) The SV40 enhancer consists of multiple DNA sequence motifs that are recognized by a variety of trans-acting factors. Using DNase I protection and a gel electrophoresis DNA-binding assay, we identified89006222 EivF, a factor required for transcription of the adenovirus EIV promoter, binds to an element involved in EIa-dependent activation and cAMP induction. Cortes P; Buckbinder L; Leza MA; Rak N; Hearing P; Merino A; Reinberg D Genes Dev 2: 975-90 (1988) The isolation of a cellular factor that was specifically required for transcription from the promoter of the adenovirus early gene iv, an EIa-activated promoter, is described. This factor (EivF) was p89006221 A liver-specific factor essential for albumin transcription differs between differentiated and dedifferentiated rat hepatoma cells. Cereghini S; Blumenfeld M; Yaniv M Genes Dev 2: 957-74 (1988) We have identified and characterized two mutually exclusive nuclear proteins that interact with a single crucial element of the albumin promoter. One, albumin proximal factor (APF), is found only in l89006220 Stimulation of transcription from accurate initiation sites by purified S-II. Hirai H; Sekimizu K; Horikoshi M; Nakanishi Y; Natori S FEBS Lett 238: 119-22 (1988) The effects of transcription factors S-II and S-II', a phosphorylated form of S-II, on accurate transcription were compared in a reconstituted transcription system greatly depleted of S-II. S-II, but 89005652 Rho-dependent transcriptional polarity in the ilvGMEDA operon of wild-type Escherichia coli K12. Wek RC; Sameshima JH; Hatfield GW J Biol Chem 262: 15256-61 (1987) It has been generally accepted that transcriptional polarity in prokaryotic systems is due to an uncoupling of translation and transcription which unmasks latent rho-dependent termination sites in a p88033115 Cell-line specific activation of SV40 transcriptional enhancer by p40tax of HTLV-1. Fujisawa J; Seiki M; Toita M; Miyatake S; Arai K; Yoshida M Jpn J Cancer Res 79: 800-4 (1988) A transcriptional trans-activator p40tax of HTLV-1 was reported to activate HTLV-1 enhancer, but not SV40 or Rous sarcoma virus enhancer. However, in certain cell lines, we found that SV40 enhancer wa89007763 Adenovirus E1A requires synthesis of a cellular protein to establish a stable transcription complex in injected Xenopus laevis oocytes. Richter JD; Hurst HC; Jones NC Mol Cell Biol 7: 3049-56 (1987) The Escherichia coli-expressed adenovirus E1A 13S mRNA product injected into Xenopus oocytes was active, as assessed by its ability to stimulate the transcription of an injected gene which is normally88038854 Mouse nerve growth factor gene: structure and expression. Selby MJ; Edwards R; Sharp F; Rutter WJ Mol Cell Biol 7: 3057-64 (1987) The organization and biologically significant sequences of the entire mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) gene have been determined. The gene spans 45 kilobases and contains several small 5' exons. Transc88038855 Comparison of tRNA gene transcription complexes formed in vitro and in nuclei. Huibregtse JM; Evans CF; Engelke DR Mol Cell Biol 7: 3212-20 (1987) The nucleoprotein structure of single-copy tRNA genes in yeast nuclei was examined by DNase I footprinting and compared with that of complexes formed in vitro between the same genes and transcription 88038875 O-glycosylation of eukaryotic transcription factors: implications for mechanisms of transcriptional regulation. Jackson SP; Tjian R Cell 55: 125-33 (1988) Glycosylation is often regarded as being restricted to proteins confined to the cell surface or within the lumen of intracellular organelles. Here we show that the human RNA polymerase II transcriptio89003041 Symmetrical transcription in bacteriophage phi 29 DNA. Barthelemy I; Mellado RP; Salas M Biochimie 70: 605-9 (1988) Transcription of some early genes occurring during phi 29 infection in the absence but not in the presence of chloramphenicol has been shown to depend upon the synthesis of the viral protein p4, the p89000962 Structure of the Tet repressor and Tet repressor-operator complexes in solution from electrooptical measurements and hydrodynamic simulations. Porschke D; Tovar K; Antosiewicz J Biochemistry 27: 4674-9 (1988) The Tet repressor protein and tet operator DNA fragments and their complexes have been analyzed by electrooptical procedures. The protein shows a positive linear dichroism at 280 nm, a negative linear89000664 Thyroid hormone receptor alpha isoforms generated by alternative splicing differentially activate myosin HC gene transcription. Izumo S; Mahdavi V Nature 334: 539-42 (1988) Thyroid hormones are thought to modulate gene expression positively or negatively through interactions with chromatin-associated receptors. Recently, the c-erb A proto-oncogene products have been show88302448 Purification in an active form of the phage phi 29 protein p4 that controls the viral late transcription. Barthelemy I; Lazaro JM; Mendez E; Mellado RP; Salas M Nucleic Acids Res 15: 7781-93 (1987) The phage phi 29 protein p4, that controls viral late transcription, was highly purified from Escherichia coli cells harbouring a gene 4-containing plasmid. This protein, representing about 6% of the 88040408 Roles of cis-acting elements and chromatin structure in Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene expression. Benyajati C; Ayer S; McKeon J; Ewel A; Huang J Nucleic Acids Res 15: 7903-20 (1987) The alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene of D. melanogaster is transcribed from two different promoters during fly development: the distal (adult) and the proximal (embryonic-larval). Certain aspects of A88040417 Competition between sigma factors for core RNA polymerase. Malik S; Zalenskaya K; Goldfarb A Nucleic Acids Res 15: 8521-30 (1987) The switch of RNA polymerase specificity from early to late promoters of bacteriophage T4 is achieved by substitution of host sigma factor, sigma 70, with the T4 induced factor, sigma gp55. However, o88040471 The adenovirus major late transcription factor activates the rat gamma-fibrinogen promoter. Chodosh LA; Carthew RW; Morgan JG; Crabtree GR; Sharp PA Science 238: 684-8 (1987) The major late transcription factor (MLTF) is a 46-kilodalton polypeptide that specifically binds to and activates transcription from the major late promoter of adenovirus. The presence of this promot88042797 Molecular aspect on regulation of HTLV-1 replication and leukemogenesis. Yoshida M Kansenshogaku Zasshi 62 Suppl: 13-9 (1988) 88331978 A nerve growth factor-induced gene encodes a possible transcriptional regulatory factor. Milbrandt J Science 238: 797-9 (1987) Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a trophic agent that promotes the outgrowth of nerve fibers from sympathetic and sensory ganglia. The neuronal differentiation stimulated by this hormone was examined in t88042814 Ferric uptake regulation protein acts as a repressor, employing iron (II) as a cofactor to bind the operator of an iron transport operon in Escherichia coli. Bagg A; Neilands JB Biochemistry 26: 5471-7 (1987) The Fur (ferric uptake regulation) protein is a negative regulator of the aerobactin operon and of several other siderophore-mediated, high-affinity iron transport systems in Escherichia coli. The pur88050831 Proto-oncogene fos: complex but versatile regulation. Verma IM; Sassone-Corsi P Cell 51: 513-4 (1987) 88052854 Binding of transcription factor TFIID to the major late promoter during in vitro nucleosome assembly potentiates subsequent initiation by RNA polymerase II. Workman JL; Roeder RG Cell 51: 613-22 (1987) A plasmid containing the major late promoter was assembled into nucleosomes in a Xenopus oocyte extract, isolated by gel filtration, and found to be refractory to transcription initiation in vitro. Ho88052865 Stability of RNA in developing Xenopus embryos and identification of a destabilizing sequence in TFIIIA messenger RNA. Harland R; Misher L Development 102: 837-52 (1988) Synthetic capped RNA transcripts injected into fertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis have a half-life of 3-4 h. Addition of a long (approximately 200 nucleotide) poly(A) tail increases the half-life to 6-89004630 Lac repressor is a transient gene-activating protein. Straney SB; Crothers DM Cell 51: 699-707 (1987) We show, using a combination of methods, that contrary to the usual view, lac repressor increases, by more than 100-fold, the initial binding of RNA polymerase to E. coli lac UV5 promoter DNA. Kinetic88052873 A yeast silencer contains sequences that can promote autonomous plasmid replication and transcriptional activation. Brand AH; Micklem G; Nasmyth K Cell 51: 709-19 (1987) Repression of the yeast silent mating type loci requires cis-acting sequences located over 1 kb from the regulated promoters. One of these sites, a "silencer," exhibits enhancer-like distance- and ori88052874 Purification and cloning of a DNA binding protein from yeast that binds to both silencer and activator elements. Shore D; Nasmyth K Cell 51: 721-32 (1987) A DNA binding protein (RAP1, previously called SBF-E) has been shown to bind to putative regulatory sites at both yeast mating-type silencers, yet is not the product of genetically identified regulato88052875 Purification and characterization of OTF-1, a transcription factor regulating cell cycle expression of a human histone H2b gene. Fletcher C; Heintz N; Roeder RG Cell 51: 773-81 (1987) An octamer-binding transcription factor, OTF-1, which stimulates transcription of a human histone H2b gene, has been purified from HeLa nuclear extracts. This purification was achieved through the use88052880 Identification and purification of a human lymphoid-specific octamer-binding protein (OTF-2) that activates transcription of an immunoglobulin promoter in vitro. Scheidereit C; Heguy A; Roeder RG Cell 51: 783-93 (1987) The octamer sequence 5'-ATGCAAAT, in either orientation, serves as an upstream element in a variety of promoters and also occurs as a modular enhancer element. It is of particular interest in immunogl88052881 Activation of cell-specific expression of rat growth hormone and prolactin genes by a common transcription factor. Nelson C; Albert VR; Elsholtz HP; Lu LI; Rosenfeld MG Science 239: 1400-5 (1988) In the anterior pituitary gland, there are five phenotypically distinct cell types, including cells that produce either prolactin (lactotrophs) or growth hormone (somatotrophs). Multiple, related cis-88159230 Identification of sequence requirements and trans-acting functions necessary for regulated expression of a human cytomegalovirus early gene. Staprans SI; Rabert DK; Spector DH J Virol 62: 3463-73 (1988) We analyzed the regulation of expression of a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) early transcription unit encoded by EcoRI fragments R and d (map units, 0.682 to 0.713), located within the long unique segme88300902 Competition between DNA templates injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes. Mancebo MJ; Etkin LD Exp Cell Res 178: 469-78 (1988) We have examined the competition between microinjected DNA templates for endogenous Xenopus oocyte transcription factors. The results suggest that (a) coinjected templates compete with one another for89005411 GCN4, a eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, binds as a dimer to target DNA. Hope IA; Struhl K EMBO J 6: 2781-4 (1987) The eukaryotic transcriptional activator protein, GCN4, synthesized in vitro from the cloned gene, binds specifically to the promoters of yeast amino acid biosynthetic genes. Previous analysis of trun88054977 Sigma 32 synthesis can regulate the synthesis of heat shock proteins in Escherichia coli. Grossman AD; Straus DB; Walter WA; Gross CA Genes Dev 1: 179-84 (1987) The Escherichia coli rpoH (htpR) gene product, sigma 32, is required for the normal expression of heat shock genes and for the heat shock response. We present experiments indicating a direct role for 88056266 Cooperativity of the glucocorticoid receptor and the CACCC-box binding factor. Schule R; Muller M; Otsuka-Murakami H; Renkawitz R Nature 332: 87-90 (1988) Glucocorticoid receptor binding sites (GRE) are often tightly clustered with other transcription factor binding sequences. Examples of this occur upstream of the genes for chicken lysozyme and human m88156920 trans-acting regulation of bovine leukemia virus mRNA processing. Derse D J Virol 62: 1115-9 (1988) Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and the human T-cell leukemia virus types I and II comprise a unique retrovirus subfamily which has evolved complex strategies for the regulation of gene expression. A tran88155744 Mutational analysis of the trans-activation-responsive region of the human immunodeficiency virus type I long terminal repeat. Hauber J; Cullen BR J Virol 62: 673-9 (1988) We used site-directed mutagenesis to delineate sequences within the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) required for trans-activation by the viral tat gene product. 88119201 Cloning and characterization of the repressor gene of the Staphylococcus aureus lactose operon. Oskouian B; Stewart GC J Bacteriol 169: 5459-65 (1987) The genes responsible for utilization of lactose in Staphylococcus aureus are organized as an inducible operon, with galactose 6-phosphate being the intracellular inducer. To clone the repressor gene 88058752 The phoBR operon in Escherichia coli K-12. Wanner BL; Chang BD J Bacteriol 169: 5569-74 (1987) The phoB and phoR genes encode a transcription activator and a sensory protein of the phosphate regulon, respectively. It is shown here that they were transcribed as an operon in which the phoB gene w88058767 Steroid receptor-mediated inhibition of rat prolactin gene expression does not require the receptor DNA-binding domain. Adler S; Waterman ML; He X; Rosenfeld MG Cell 52: 685-95 (1988) Prolactin gene expression is negatively regulated by glucocorticoids, and by estrogens when positive estrogen regulatory elements in the prolactin gene are removed. Mutational analysis of estrogen rec88151060 Processing of a sporulation sigma factor in Bacillus subtilis: how morphological structure could control gene expression. Stragier P; Bonamy C; Karmazyn-Campelli C Cell 52: 697-704 (1988) Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis is a primitive example of coupling between morphological changes and timing of gene expression during development. A major early control of transcriptional activity is88151061 A novel in vivo transcription assay demonstrates the presence of globin-inducing trans-acting factors in uninduced murine erythroleukemia cells. Wrighton N; Grosveld F Mol Cell Biol 8: 130-7 (1988) We report the development of a novel in vivo transcription assay for trans-acting factors regulating the human gamma- and beta-globin genes. A cDNA coding for the human tissue-type plasminogen activat88094378 Differential transcription of Xenopus oocyte and somatic-type 5 S genes in a Xenopus oocyte extract. Millstein L; Eversole-Cire P; Blanco J; Gottesfeld JM J Biol Chem 262: 17100-10 (1987) We have measured the transcription of Xenopus laevis oocyte and somatic-type 5 S RNA genes in S-150 extracts prepared from ovaries of mature X. laevis females (Glikin, G. C., Ruberti, I., and Worcel, 88059117 trans-activation of viral enhancers by the hepatitis B virus X protein. Spandau DF; Lee CH J Virol 62: 427-34 (1988) We have used the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene expression system to study the effect of the X protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on viral enhancers. Plasmids containing the HBV enhancer88091051 A yeast sigma composite element, TY3, has properties of a retrotransposon. Clark DJ; Bilanchone VW; Haywood LJ; Dildine SL; Sandmeyer SB J Biol Chem 263: 1413-23 (1988) Sigma is a 340- or 341-base pair repetitive element which is located almost exclusively within 19 base pairs of the 5' ends of various tRNA genes in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. Although most 88087281 Zinc fingers: gilt by association [published erratum appears in Cell 1988 Mar 11;52(5):783] Evans RM; Hollenberg SM Cell 52: 1-3 (1988) 88151019 Operator constitutive mutation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase promoter abolishes protein binding to sterol regulatory element. Osborne TF; Gil G; Goldstein JL; Brown MS J Biol Chem 263: 3380-7 (1988) Through substitution mutagenesis we identified the promoter elements responsible for basal expression and sterol-mediated repression of transcription of the gene for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzym88139416 Reconstitution of cell-type-specific transcription of the rat prolactin gene in vitro. Cao ZD; Barron EA; Carillo AJ; Sharp ZD Mol Cell Biol 7: 3402-8 (1987) We present evidence for the existence of prolactin upstream factor 1 (PUF-1) in rat pituitary-derived cells and demonstrate its interaction with a symmetrical DNA element located in the 5' flanking re88065474 Sterol-dependent repression of low density lipoprotein receptor promoter mediated by 16-base pair sequence adjacent to binding site for transcription factor Sp1. Dawson PA; Hofmann SL; van der Westhuyzen DR; Sudhof TC; Brown MS; Goldstein JL J Biol Chem 263: 3372-9 (1988) A 42-base pair sequence from the 5' flanking region of the low density lipoprotein receptor gene was shown previously to confer sensitivity to sterol-mediated repression when inserted into the herpes 88139415 Purification of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer and TAR binding proteins EBP-1 and UBP-1. Wu FK; Garcia JA; Harrich D; Gaynor RB EMBO J 7: 2117-30 (1988) Transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is regulated by viral proteins and cellular factors that bind to the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). At least five regions of the HIV88329000 Roles of the Escherichia coli heat shock sigma factor 32 in early and late gene expression of bacteriophage T4. Frazier MW; Mosig G J Bacteriol 170: 1384-8 (1988) We have analyzed early and late T4 gene expression at the levels of transcription and translation in rpoH+ (sigma 32+) and rpoH mutant cells infected under heat shock conditions. We found, as expected88139207 Transcriptionally inactive oocyte-type 5S RNA genes of Xenopus laevis are complexed with TFIIIA in vitro. Peck LJ; Millstein L; Eversole-Cire P; Gottesfeld JM; Varshavsky A Mol Cell Biol 7: 3503-10 (1987) An extract from whole oocytes of Xenopus laevis was shown to transcribe somatic-type 5S RNA genes approximately 100-fold more efficiently than oocyte-type 5S RNA genes. This preference was at least 1088065486 Two different liver-specific factors stimulate in vitro transcription from the human alpha 1-antitrypsin promoter. Monaci P; Nicosia A; Cortese R EMBO J 7: 2075-87 (1988) The region from -137 to -2 of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) promoter directs liver-specific in vitro transcription. Two cis-acting elements, A and B, have been identified within this segme88328996 Metal-dependent binding of a factor in vivo to the metal-responsive elements of the metallothionein 1 gene promoter. Andersen RD; Taplitz SJ; Wong S; Bristol G; Larkin B; Herschman HR Mol Cell Biol 7: 3574-81 (1987) Using the technique of genomic footprinting, we demonstrate cadmium-inducible protection from dimethyl sulfate (DMS) modification of guanine residues in vivo in five metal-responsive elements (MREs) i88065495 Analysis of the role of the transcription factor ATF in the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex. Hai TW; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG; Green MR Cell 54: 1043-51 (1988) In the accompanying paper (Horikoshi et al., 1988) the interaction between ATF and the general transcription initiation factors was analyzed by DNAase I footprinting experiments. Here, we use transcri88327848 The yeast ARD1 gene product is required for repression of cryptic mating-type information at the HML locus. Whiteway M; Freedman R; Van Arsdell S; Szostak JW; Thorner J Mol Cell Biol 7: 3713-22 (1987) Mutations in the ARD1 gene prevent yeast cells from displaying G1-specific growth arrest in response to nitrogen deprivation and cause MATa haploids (but not MAT alpha haploids) to be mating defective88065511 Proviral sequences that restrict retroviral expression in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Loh TP; Sievert LL; Scott RW Mol Cell Biol 7: 3775-84 (1987) Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are nonpermissive for retrovirus replication. Restriction of retroviral expression in EC cells was studied by using DNA transfection techniques. To investigate the activ88065518 Sequences required for transcriptional initiation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC7 genes. Healy AM; Helser TL; Zitomer RS Mol Cell Biol 7: 3785-91 (1987) A series of BAL 31 deletions were constructed in the upstream region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CYC7 gene to determine sequences required for transcriptional initiation. These deletions identifie88065519 Purification and characterization of a repressor for the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon. Miwa Y; Fujita Y J Biol Chem 263: 13252-7 (1988) The GntR protein is a negative regulator involved in gluconate-inducible expression of the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon which is responsible for gluconate metabolism. The GntR protein has been purifie88330828 [Factors of tissue-specific transcription of immunoglobulin kappa genes] Stepchenko AG; Luchina NN; Adzhalov VA; Polianovskii OL Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 6: 14-6 (1987) Proteins TIF1 and TIF2 with mol mass 90 and 94 kD, respectively, were found in myeloma cells. They bind to the promoter region of the kappa genes. Protein TIF1 was found in nonlymphoid cells (HeLa, li88065619 Activation of Ada protein as a transcriptional regulator by direct alkylation with methylating agents. Takahashi K; Kawazoe Y; Sakumi K; Nakabeppu Y; Sekiguchi M J Biol Chem 263: 13490-2 (1988) The adaptive response is a cellular process to induce DNA repair enzymes in response to a challenge of alkylating agents. In this process Ada protein, the product of the ada gene, plays a major role; 88330864 A complex formed between cell components and an HSV structural polypeptide binds to a viral immediate early gene regulatory DNA sequence. Preston CM; Frame MC; Campbell ME Cell 52: 425-34 (1988) Transcription of HSV immediate early genes is stimulated by a virus structural protein, Vmw65, in a process that requires specific recognition of the sequence TAATGARAT (R = purine). Upon incubation o88151047 The herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate-early protein ICP4 specifically induces increased transcription of the human ubiquitin B gene without affecting the ubiquitin A and C genes. Kemp LM; Latchman DS Virology 166: 258-61 (1988) Lytic infection with herpes simplex virus causes increased ubiquitin gene transcription. This effect is reproduced in cells expressing the viral immediate early protein ICP4 in the absence of other vi88322880 Physical analysis of transcription preinitiation complex assembly on a class II gene promoter. Van Dyke MW; Roeder RG; Sawadogo M Science 241: 1335-8 (1988) Transcription of protein-encoding genes by human RNA polymerase II requires multiple ancillary proteins (transcription factors). Interactions between these proteins and the promoter DNA of a viral cla88321695 Transcription factor OTF-1 is functionally identical to the DNA replication factor NF-III. O'Neill EA; Fletcher C; Burrow CR; Heintz N; Roeder RG; Kelly TJ Science 241: 1210-3 (1988) Octamer transcription factor-1 (OTF-1) and nuclear factor III (NF-III) are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that activate transcription and DNA replication, respectively. It is shown here that O88321672 Oncogenes and transcriptional control. Varmus HE Science 238: 1337-9 (1987) 88070587 Human proto-oncogene c-jun encodes a DNA binding protein with structural and functional properties of transcription factor AP-1. Bohmann D; Bos TJ; Admon A; Nishimura T; Vogt PK; Tjian R Science 238: 1386-92 (1987) Nuclear oncogene products have the potential to induce alterations in gene regulation leading to the genesis of cancer. The biochemical mechanisms by which nuclear oncoproteins act remain unknown. Rec88070595 Participation of two human cytomegalovirus immediate early gene regions in transcriptional activation of adenovirus promoters. Tevethia MJ; Spector DJ; Leisure KM; Stinski MF Virology 161: 276-85 (1987) The participation of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate early genes in the activation of the expression of adenovirus genes in trans (trans-activation) was examined. The initial strategy used was 88072065 Mutational dissection of the HSV-1 immediate-early protein Vmw175 involved in transcriptional transactivation and repression. Paterson T; Everett RD Virology 166: 186-96 (1988) Vmw175 is one of five immediate-early (IE) proteins encoded by herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1). It is required for the transcription of later classes of genes and for the accompanying repression o88322869 Transcription factor ATF interacts with the TATA factor to facilitate establishment of a preinitiation complex. Horikoshi M; Hai T; Lin YS; Green MR; Roeder RG Cell 54: 1033-42 (1988) The mammalian activator protein ATF stimulates transcription from the adenovirus E4 promoter by binding to multiple upstream promoter and enhancer elements. DNAase footprint analyses have revealed tha88327847 Fluorescent modification of the cysteine 202 residue of Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho. Seifried SE; Wang Y; von Hippel PH J Biol Chem 263: 13511-4 (1988) The lone cysteine residue (Cys-202) of transcription termination factor rho has been modified with the sulfhydryl-specific dyes 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein and 5-(2-[iodoacetyl)amino)ethyl)aminonaphtha88330870 Yeast HAP2 and HAP3 activators both bind to the CYC1 upstream activation site, UAS2, in an interdependent manner. Olesen J; Hahn S; Guarente L Cell 51: 953-61 (1987) Transcriptional activation by the yeast CYC1 upstream activation site UAS2UP1 requires the products of both the HAP2 and HAP3 regulatory genes. We show here that both HAP2 and HAP3 in yeast extracts b88080482 Nef protein of HIV-1 is a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1 LTR [published erratum appears in Science 1988 Oct 7;242(4875):242] Ahmad N; Venkatesan S Science 241: 1481-5 (1988) In studies of the genetics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the product of the nef gene, formerly known as F, 3'-orf, or B-ORF, was a negative regulator of HIV-1 replication. Proviruses88336879 A split binding site for TFIIIC on the Xenopus 5S gene. Majowski K; Mentzel H; Pieler T EMBO J 6: 3057-63 (1987) We have previously shown that of the two functional domains which constitute the Xenopus 5S gene promoter the common, conserved box A element is directly involved in the binding of the common transcri88082678 Interaction between transcriptional activator protein LAC9 and negative regulatory protein GAL80. Salmeron JM Jr; Langdon SD; Johnston SA Mol Cell Biol 9: 2950-6 (1989) In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transcriptional activation mediated by the GAL4 regulatory protein is repressed in the absence of galactose by the binding of the GAL80 protein, an interaction that requir89384555 Transcription factor Sp1 binds to and activates a human hsp70 gene promoter. Morgan WD Mol Cell Biol 9: 4099-104 (1989) I investigated the binding of purified transcription factor Sp1 from HeLa cells to the human hsp70 promoter by DNase I footprinting. Three binding sites were detected within the upstream promoter regi89384647 SPT15, the gene encoding the yeast TATA binding factor TFIID, is required for normal transcription initiation in vivo. Eisenmann DM; Dollard C; Winston F Cell 58: 1183-91 (1989) Mutations in the S. cerevisiae SPT15 gene were isolated as suppressors of insertion mutations that alter the transcription of adjacent genes. Molecular and genetic analysis of the cloned SPT15 gene ha89376569 Unusual forms of T cell gamma mRNA in a human T cell leukemia cell line: implications for gamma gene expression. Tighe L; Forster A; Clark DM; Boylston AW; Lavenir I; Rabbitts TH Eur J Immunol 17: 1729-36 (1987) The expression and rearrangement of T cell rearranging (TRG) gamma genes in human leukemic cell lines has been examined. The cell line MOLT-17 produces abundant gamma mRNA which is translated into a p88083067 Temporal fluctuations in HIV quasispecies in vivo are not reflected by sequential HIV isolations. Meyerhans A; Cheynier R; Albert J; Seth M; Kwok S; Sninsky J; Morfeldt-Manson L; Asjo B; Wain-Hobson S Cell 58: 901-10 (1989) A genetic study has been made of the HIV tat gene from sequential HIV-1 isolates and the corresponding infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. DNA was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)89376540 Transcription of methylated viral DNA by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. Willis DB; Thompson JP; Essani K; Goorha R Cell Biophys 15: 97-111 (1989) The genome of the large icosahedral DNA virus, frog virus 3 (FV3), is heavily methylated at the cytosine residues of dCdG dinucleotide pairs, with more than 22% of the total cytosine residues in the f89376464 Specific expression of nuclear proto-oncogenes before entry into meiotic prophase of spermatogenesis. Wolfes H; Kogawa K; Millette CF; Cooper GM Science 245: 740-3 (1989) The expression of proto-oncogenes representative of several functional categories has been investigated during development of mouse male germ cells. The c-raf proto-oncogene and three members of the c89368893 Similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cyclic AMP-responsive promoter elements. Lin YS; Green MR Nature 340: 656-9 (1989) Organisms as diverse as bacteria and man contain genes that show transcriptional induction when the intracellular concentration of cAMP is increased. This regulated transcriptional response is mediate89365161 Dual regulatory role for thyroid-hormone receptors allows control of retinoic-acid receptor activity. Graupner G; Wills KN; Tzukerman M; Zhang XK; Pfahl M Nature 340: 653-6 (1989) Both thyroid hormone (T3) and retinoic acid signal essential steps in development, differentiation and morphogenesis. Specific nuclear receptors for these ligands have recently been cloned. Previously89365160 Function of the PHO regulatory genes for repressible acid phosphatase synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yoshida K; Ogawa N; Oshima Y Mol Gen Genet 217: 40-6 (1989) Expression of the repressible acid phosphatase (rAPase) gene, PHO5, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is repressed by a certain level of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the medium and is derepressed when the Pi89364689 Characterization of human DNA sequences synthesized at the onset of S-phase. Tribioli C; Biamonti G; Giacca M; Colonna M; Riva S; Falaschi A Nucleic Acids Res 15: 10211-32 (1987) We developed a method of enrichment for DNA replicated at the onset of S-phase in synchronized human HL60 cells. About 200 such sequences were cloned. The analysis of this selected DNA sample showed t88096563 Multiple cis-active elements in the long control region of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1). Harrison SM; Gearing KL; Kim SY; Kingsman AJ; Kingsman SM Nucleic Acids Res 15: 10267-84 (1987) A 1.0 kb region of the BPV-1 genome (the long control region, LCR), contains controls for transcription and the origin of replication. Transcription directed by the LCR is activated by the viral encod88096566 GAL4 derivatives function alone and synergistically with mammalian activators in vitro. Lin YS; Carey MF; Ptashne M; Green MR Cell 54: 659-64 (1988) We show that derivatives of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4, synthesized in and purified from E. coli, stimulate transcription of a mammalian gene (the adenovirus E4 gene) in a HeLa cell nucl88311067 The RNA polymerase II molecule at the 5' end of the uninduced hsp70 gene of D. melanogaster is transcriptionally engaged. Rougvie AE; Lis JT Cell 54: 795-804 (1988) Protein-DNA cross-linking of cultured Drosophila cells has shown that, in vivo, prior to the induction of heat shock, there is approximately one molecule of RNA polymerase II associated with the promo88311082 Levels of DNA topoisomerases, single-stranded-DNA-binding protein, and DNA polymerase I in rho+ and rho-15 strains of Escherichia coli. Arnold GF; Phillips TA; Tessman I J Bacteriol 171: 5183-6 (1989) The Escherichia coli rho-15 mutant, which is highly defective in transcription termination, was examined to see whether its reduced DNA superhelicity could be explained by altered expression of protei89359167 Human immunodeficiency virus 1 tat protein binds trans-activation-responsive region (TAR) RNA in vitro. Dingwall C; Ernberg I; Gait MJ; Green SM; Heaphy S; Karn J; Lowe AD; Singh M; Skinner MA; Valerio R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 6925-9 (1989) tat, the trans-activator protein for human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), has been expressed in Escherichia coli from synthetic genes. Purified tat binds specifically to HIV-1 trans-activation-resp89386652 Transcriptional activation of c-jun during the G0/G1 transition in mouse fibroblasts. Ryseck RP; Hirai SI; Yaniv M; Bravo R Nature 334: 535-7 (1988) Before quiescent cells can respond to mitogens and progress through the G1 phase of cell growth, new messenger RNA synthesis is required. The G1 phase seems to be a critical point of control in the ce88302446 The BPV1-E2 trans-acting protein can be either an activator or a repressor of the HPV18 regulatory region. Thierry F; Yaniv M EMBO J 6: 3391-7 (1987) The human papillomavirus 18 (HPV 18) long control region contains promoter and enhancer elements whose activity is restricted to several human cell lines of epithelial origin. This enhancer possesses 88111528 gal4 transcription activator protein of yeast can function as a repressor in Escherichia coli. Paulmier N; Yaniv M; von Wilcken-Bergmann B; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 6: 3539-42 (1987) The chromosomal lac operator of Escherichia coli was replaced by a 22 bp oligonucleotide containing the binding site of the yeast gal4 protein. Induction of gal4 protein synthesis in these bacteria re88111543 Interactions of cellular proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus. Garcia JA; Wu FK; Mitsuyasu R; Gaynor RB EMBO J 6: 3761-70 (1987) The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a human retrovirus which is the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To study the cellular factors involved in the transcriptional regul88111565 The Epstein-Barr virus early protein EB1 activates transcription from different responsive elements including AP-1 binding sites. Urier G; Buisson M; Chambard P; Sergeant A EMBO J 8: 1447-53 (1989) When expressed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latently infected B cells, the EBV early protein EB1 trans-activates as many EBV early genes as does TPA. Several EB1 responsive elements (ZRE) have been ide89356614 A point mutation in the CYC1 UAS1 creates a new combination of regulatory elements that activate transcription synergistically. Sousa R; Arcangioli B EMBO J 8: 1801-8 (1989) Dissection of the upstream activation site 1 (UAS1) of the yeast CYC1 gene showed that the A and B regions respond individually to regulation by the HAP1 protein, and that a point mutation in the B re89356655 Magnetic DNA affinity purification of yeast transcription factor tau--a new purification principle for the ultrarapid isolation of near homogeneous factor. Gabrielsen OS; Hornes E; Korsnes L; Ruet A; Oyen TB Nucleic Acids Res 17: 6253-67 (1989) We present a new method for rapid purification to near homogeneity of sequence specific DNA binding proteins based on magnetic separation. The method is described for the purification of the yeast tra89366655 Transcriptional regulation of the gene encoding the 78-kD glucose-regulated protein GRP78 in mouse sertoli cells: binding of specific factor(s) to the GRP78 promoter. Day AR; Lee AS DNA 8: 301-10 (1989) We investigate the mechanism by which expression of the GRP78 gene is regulated using a mouse Sertoli cell line as an experimental system. We identify testosterone as a new inducer of the GRP78 gene i89356259 Transrepression of the N-myc expression by c-myc protein. Kubota Y; Kim SH; Iguchi-Ariga SM; Ariga H Biochem Biophys Res Commun 162: 991-7 (1989) In the human neuroblastoma cell line IMR32 the N-myc gene happens to be amplified and actively expressed, whereas no stable c-myc RNA can be detected in the same cells. In this report, we show that in89351002 E1a transactivation of the human HSP70 promoter is mediated through the basal transcriptional complex. Williams GT; McClanahan TK; Morimoto RI Mol Cell Biol 9: 2574-87 (1989) We have examined the promoter sequence requirements for E1a transactivation of the human HSP70 gene by using a transient cotransfection assay. A 5' deletion study has defined a basal transcription uni89343975 At least three different RNA polymerase holoenzymes direct transcription of the agarase gene (dagA) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Buttner MJ; Smith AM; Bibb MJ Cell 52: 599-607 (1988) Using a combination of gel filtration and anion exchange FPLC, three different RNA polymerase holoenzymes from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) have been separated. Each holoenzyme transcribes from only 88135774 The major late transcription factor binds to and activates the mouse metallothionein I promoter. Carthew RW; Chodosh LA; Sharp PA Genes Dev 1: 973-80 (1987) Human (HeLa) cells contain a protein, MLTF, which specifically binds to a DNA sequence in the adenovirus 2 major late promoter and activates transcription of that promoter. The presence of MLTF in uni88112839 Examination of the roles of transcription factor Sp1-binding sites and an octamer motif in trans induction of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. Boni J; Coen DM J Virol 63: 4088-92 (1989) Herpes simplex virus mutants with both Sp1-binding sites in the thymidine kinase (tk) promoter inactivated or an octamer motif deleted were at most modestly impaired for tk expression. Thus, no cellul89342657 Tau factor from Escherichia coli mediates accurate and efficient termination of transcription at the bacteriophage T3 early termination site in vitro. Briat JF; Bollag G; Kearney CA; Molineux I; Chamberlin MJ J Mol Biol 198: 43-9 (1987) The termination signal that limits transcription through the early region of bacteriophage T3 (T3Te) has been cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of T3Te is identical with that of T7Te, with88118913 NF-kappa B-mediated activation of the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer: site of transcriptional initiation is independent of the TATA box. Bielinska A; Krasnow S; Nabel GJ J Virol 63: 4097-100 (1989) The activation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enhancer in T cells can occur through multiple independent pathways. This enhancer is stimulated by NF-kappa B or through alternative mechanism89342659 Characterization of hepatitis B virus major surface antigen gene transcriptional regulatory elements in differentiated hepatoma cell lines. Raney AK; Milich DR; McLachlan A J Virol 63: 3919-25 (1989) The regulatory DNA sequence elements that control the expression of the hepatitis B virus major surface antigen gene in the hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 were analyzed by using transient transfection89342632 Utilization of signal transduction pathway by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I transcriptional activator tax. Tan TH; Jia R; Roeder RG J Virol 63: 3761-8 (1989) The human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) trans-activator (tax)-inducible enhancer was localized to three copies of 21-base-pair repeats within the long terminal repeat. Interestingly, the TGACG89342612 Inhibition of host cell RNA polymerase III-mediated transcription by poliovirus: inactivation of specific transcription factors. Fradkin LG; Yoshinaga SK; Berk AJ; Dasgupta A Mol Cell Biol 7: 3880-7 (1987) The inhibition of transcription by RNA polymerase III in poliovirus-infected cells was studied. Experiments utilizing two different cell lines showed that the initiation step of transcription by RNA p88122109 TFIIIA binds to different domains of 5S RNA and the Xenopus borealis 5S RNA gene. Sands MS; Bogenhagen DF Mol Cell Biol 7: 3985-93 (1987) We have established the conditions for the reassociation of 5S RNA and TFIIIA to form 7S particles. We tested the ability of altered 5S RNAs to bind TFIIIA, taking advantage of the slower mobility of 88122121 Activation of an insect baculovirus promoter in mammalian cells by adenovirus functions. Knebel D; Doerfler W Virus Res 8: 317-26 (1987) The insect baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV) replicates in insect cell lines in culture. In mammalian cells, however, the virus cannot be propagated. AcNPV DNA does88129045 Properties of a distal regulatory element controlling transcription of the U2 small nuclear RNA. Westin G; Zabielski J; Janson L; Pettersson U Gene 59: 183-90 (1987) The upstream region of human U2 genes contains a distal transcriptional control element, previously mapped between nucleotide (nt) positions -198 and -258 (Westin et al., 1984b). In the present study 88137954 Regulation of acute phase gene expression by inflammatory mediators. Fey GH; Fuller GM Mol Biol Med 4: 323-38 (1987) 88142440 Purification and characterization of chicken ovalbumin gene upstream promoter transcription factor from homologous oviduct cells. Bagchi MK; Tsai SY; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Mol Cell Biol 7: 4151-8 (1987) Previous studies established that the chicken ovalbumin gene upstream promoter (COUP) sequence, which lies between -70 and -90 base pairs upstream from the cap site, is essential for the efficient tra88142803 Identical genomic footprints of the adenovirus EIIa promoter are detected before and after EIa induction. Devaux B; Albrecht G; Kedinger C Mol Cell Biol 7: 4560-3 (1987) Genomic DNase I footprinting was used to compare specific protein binding to the adenovirus type 5 early, EIa-inducible, EIIa promoter. Identical protection patterns of the promoter region were observ88142851 RNA polymerase II transcription factors H4TF-1 and H4TF-2 require metal to bind specific DNA sequences. Dailey L; Roberts SB; Heintz N Mol Cell Biol 7: 4582-4 (1987) Specific DNA-binding and in vitro transcription activities of H4TF-1 and H4TF-2 are inactivated by chelating agents. Binding activity is restored by addition of Zn2+, and H4TF-2 is also reactivated by88142856 Response of individual adenovirus promoters to the products of the E1A gene. Dery CV; Herrmann CH; Mathews MB Oncogene 2: 15-23 (1987) Adenovirus E1A genes possess transcriptional activation and repression activities. Three major gene products have been characterized, derived from the 13S, 12S and 9S mRNAs. Using transient expression88143703 A dual transcriptional activation system for the 230 kb plasmid genes coding for virulence-associated antigens of Shigella flexneri. Adler B; Sasakawa C; Tobe T; Makino S; Komatsu K; Yoshikawa M Mol Microbiol 3: 627-35 (1989) The expression of plasmid-encoded, invasion-related antigens lpa b, c and d of Shigella flexneri was found to be positively regulated at transcriptional level by a 33kD protein produced by the previou89343649 Developmental control of promoter-specific factors responsible for the embryonic activation and inactivation of the sea urchin early histone H3 gene. DiLiberto M; Lai ZC; Fei H; Childs G Genes Dev 3: 973-85 (1989) We have begun an investigation of the molecular basis for the temporal embryonic expression of the early histone H3 gene of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Cloned constructs exhibit the 89378744 Separation of primary structural components conferring autoregulation, transactivation, and DNA-binding properties to the herpes simplex virus transcriptional regulatory protein ICP4. Shepard AA; Imbalzano AN; DeLuca NA J Virol 63: 3714-28 (1989) A truncated ICP4 peptide which contains the amino-terminal 774 amino acids of the 1,298-amino-acid polypeptide is proficient for DNA binding, autoregulation, and transactivation of some viral genes (N89342607 Transcript analyses of the uvsX-40-41 region of bacteriophage T4. Changes in the RNA as infection proceeds. Hinton DM J Biol Chem 264: 14432-9 (1989) The bacteriophage T4 genes uvsX (recombination protein), 40 (stimulates head formation), and 41 (DNA replication protein, part of the primase-helicase) are located together on the T4 genome (5'----3' 89340564 Strategies and mechanisms for the control of transcriptional initiation of mammalian protein-coding genes. Melton DW J Cell Sci 88 ( Pt 3): 267-70 (1987) 88198385 Selective activation of transcription by a novel CCAAT binding factor. Maity SN; Golumbek PT; Karsenty G; de Crombrugghe B Science 241: 582-5 (1988) A novel CCAAT binding factor (CBF) composed of two different subunits has been extensively purified from rat liver. Both subunits are needed for specific binding to DNA. Addition of this purified prot88290678 Purification of a specific repressor of ferritin mRNA translation from rabbit liver. Walden WE; Patino MM; Gaffield L J Biol Chem 264: 13765-9 (1989) The synthesis of ferritin is regulated at the translation level in coordination with iron availability. Under conditions of low iron, translation of ferritin mRNA is repressed and the majority of ferr89340465 The human EGF receptor gene: structure of the 110 kb locus and identification of sequences regulating its transcription. Haley J; Whittle N; Bennet P; Kinchington D; Ullrich A; Waterfield M Oncogene Res 1: 375-96 (1987) The human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) proto-oncogene is shown to span 110 kb of DNA divided into 26 exons. Analysis of sequences surrounding exon 1 reveals a highly CG rich region which pr88217333 Tet repressor binding induced curvature of tet operator DNA. Tovar K; Hillen W Nucleic Acids Res 17: 6515-22 (1989) Tet repressor dimer binds to two tet operator sites spaced by 30 bp in the Tn10 encoded tet regulatory DNA. The effect of repressor binding on the gel mobility of circular permutated DNA fragments con89385978 Identification of growth-factor-inducible genes in mouse fibroblasts. Bravo R; Zerial M; Toschi L; Schurmann M; Muller R; Hirai SI; Yaniv M; Almendral JM; Ryseck RP Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 901-5 (1988) The proline-rich transcriptional activator of CTF/NF-I is distinct from the replication and DNA binding domain. Mermod N; O'Neill EA; Kelly TJ; Tjian R Cell 58: 741-53 (1989) Human CTF/NF-I consists of a family of CCAAT box binding proteins that activate both transcription and DNA replication. Analysis of cDNA mutants expressed in E. coli and Drosophila cells reveals that 89354548 Structural and functional characterization of mutants of the bovine leukemia virus transactivator protein p34. Willems L; Chen G; Portetelle D; Mamoun R; Burny A; Kettmann R Virology 171: 615-8 (1989) Mutants of the bovine leukemia virus (BLV) transactivator protein (tat, tax, p34, the XLOR gene product) were constructed by site-directed deletions, in-phase linker insertions, or fragment replacemen89348022 Transcription of Rous sarcoma proviruses in rat cells is determined by chromosomal position effects that fluctuate and can operate over long distances. Akroyd J; Fincham VJ; Green AR; Levantis P; Searle S; Wyke JA Oncogene 1: 347-54 (1987) Most Rous sarcoma proviruses integrated in rat DNA are inactive. The active minority are not necessarily a consequence of long terminal repeat mutations and their transcription can fluctuate in parall88262227 Rapid increase of an immediate early gene messenger RNA in hippocampal neurons by synaptic NMDA receptor activation. Cole AJ; Saffen DW; Baraban JM; Worley PF Nature 340: 474-6 (1989) Recent studies in invertebrates indicate that a rapid genomic response to neuronal stimulation has a critical role in long-term changes in synaptic efficacy. Because several of the genes (immediately 89330594 Sequence elements essential for rho-dependent transcription termination at lambda tR1. Chen CY; Richardson JP J Biol Chem 262: 11292-9 (1987) To determine the location of DNA sequences required for the utilization of rho factor in transcription termination at the tR1 terminator of phage lambda, we constructed and analyzed a series of deleti87280224 Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Mitchell PJ; Tjian R Science 245: 371-8 (1989) The cloning of genes encoding mammalian DNA binding transcription factors for RNA polymerase II has provided the opportunity to analyze the structure and function of these proteins. This review summar89332494 Role of the octamer motif in hybrid cell extinction of immunoglobulin gene expression: extinction is dominant in a two enhancer system. Yu H; Porton B; Shen LY; Eckhardt LA Cell 58: 441-8 (1989) We have shown previously that genes activated by the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) enhancer or promoter in mouse myeloma cells are extinguished upon fusion of the myeloma with a mouse T cell lympho89336776 Regulation of proto-oncogene fos: a paradigm for early response genes. Sassone-Corsi P; Lamph WW; Verma IM Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 749-60 (1988) Features of the rho-dependent transcription termination polar element within the hisG cistron of Salmonella typhimurium. Ciampi MS; Alifano P; Nappo AG; Bruni CB; Carlomagno MS J Bacteriol 171: 4472-8 (1989) Previous genetic analysis showed that the polar effects of mutations in the hisG cistron of Salmonella typhimurium are dependent on the presence of a single putative transcription termination element 89327167 Transcriptional control of herpesvirus gene expression: gene functions required for positive and negative regulation. Godowski PJ; Knipe DM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 256-60 (1986) We have used an in vitro nuclear run-off assay to measure the levels of transcription of specific herpes simplex virus genes at different times during a lytic infection. We analyzed the effects of inh86094369 A labile inhibitor blocks immunoglobulin kappa-light-chain-gene transcription in a pre-B leukemic cell line. Wall R; Briskin M; Carter C; Govan H; Taylor A; Kincade P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 295-8 (1986) The murine pre-B leukemic cell line 70Z/3 contains both an unrearranged immunoglobulin kappa-light-chain gene and a functionally rearranged but silent kappa-light-chain gene. Mitogenic stimulation of 86094377 Rho-dependent transcription termination in the tyrT operon of Escherichia coli. Madden KA; Landy A Gene 76: 271-80 (1989) A 178-bp repeat sequence comprises the distal end of the tyrT operon and also encodes the signal for Rho-dependent transcription termination. It is shown here that Rho-dependent transcription terminat89326125 A novel sigma factor is involved in expression of the rpoH gene of Escherichia coli. Wang QP; Kaguni JM J Bacteriol 171: 4248-53 (1989) The Escherichia coli rpoH gene encoding sigma 32, which is involved in the heat shock response, is transcribed from as many as four promoters. We have isolated a novel sigma factor of about 24 kilodal89327137 In vitro transcription of the mouse whey acidic protein promoter is affected by upstream sequences. Lubon H; Pittius CW; Hennighausen L FEBS Lett 251: 173-6 (1989) The promoter sequences from -175 to +10 of the mouse whey acidic protein (WAP) gene are a target for sequence-specific binding of nuclear proteins [(1987) Nucleic Acids Res. 15, 2103-2121]. Using in v89325659 Transcription of the alpha A-globin gene of the duck. Development of a homologous in vitro system and identification of trans-acting factors. Weingart S; Sommer U; Gerhold H; Seifart KH Eur J Biochem 183: 145-53 (1989) A homologous in vitro transcription system was developed in which the alpha A-globin gene of the duck was faithfully transcribed. Whole-cell extracts from duck erythrocytes were separated into fractio89325327 Gyration is required for 5S RNA transcription from a chromatin template. Kmiec EB; Ryoji M; Worcel A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 1305-9 (1986) We have assembled transcriptionally active chromatin on 5S DNA plasmids by using a Xenopus oocyte supernatant and the 5S-specific transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA). In this system, the 5S RNA gene is86149294 Transcriptional activation by the v-myb oncogene and its cellular progenitor, c-myb. Weston K; Bishop JM Cell 58: 85-93 (1989) The v-myb oncogene, like its cellular progenitor c-myb, encodes a short-lived nuclear protein involved in processes affecting growth and differentiation in a number of cell types. Fusion proteins, in 89324063 Detection of mRNA for the tax1/rex1 gene of human T-cell leukemia virus type I in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells of adult T-cell leukemia patients and viral carriers by using the polymerase Kinoshita T; Shimoyama M; Tobinai K; Ito M; Ito S; Ikeda S; Tajima K; Shimotohno K; Sugimura T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 5620-4 (1989) Expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is not detectable by immunofluorescence analysis or RNA blot analysis in most fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with adult 89315849 Regulation of human papillomavirus type 11 enhancer and E6 promoter by activating and repressing proteins from the E2 open reading frame: functional and biochemical studies. Chin MT; Hirochika R; Hirochika H; Broker TR; Chow LT J Virol 62: 2994-3002 (1988) E2-C, a protein consisting mainly of the carboxy-terminal 45% of the human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) E2 protein, was expressed from the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat in mammalian cells88275072 Regulated expression of foreign genes in mammalian cells under the control of coliphage T3 RNA polymerase and lac repressor. Deuschle U; Pepperkok R; Wang FB; Giordano TJ; McAllister WT; Ansorge W; Bujard H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 5400-4 (1989) Systems that stringently regulate the expression of individual genes within a complex genetic background have contributed greatly to the analysis of gene function. In this report the development of a 89315804 Purification and properties of the Rous sarcoma virus internal enhancer binding factor. Karnitz L; Poon D; Weil PA; Chalkley R Mol Cell Biol 9: 1929-39 (1989) The internal enhancer binding factor (IBF) that specifically binds sequences within the gag gene internal enhancer of Rous sarcoma virus Schmidt-Ruppin A was purified to near homogeneity from BHK cell89313737 Nucleoprotein structures at positively regulated bacterial promoters: homology with replication origins and some hypotheses on the quaternary structure of the activator proteins in these complexes. Raibaud O Mol Microbiol 3: 455-8 (1989) The quaternary structure of regulatory proteins undoubtedly plays an important role in the initiation of transcription and DNA replication. To date, the best-characterized regulatory proteins are olig89313298 Multiple transcription factor binding sites mediate adenovirus E1A transactivation. Pei R; Berk AJ J Virol 63: 3499-506 (1989) We studied the response of simple synthetic promoter regions to transactivation by the adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) protein. Binding sites for one or two host cell transcription factors were subst89311643 The chicken delta 1-crystallin gene promoter: binding of transcription factor(s) to the upstream G+C-rich region is necessary for promoter function in vitro. Das GC; Piatigorsky J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3131-5 (1986) There are two linked delta-crystallin genes in the chicken (5' delta 1-delta 2 3'). Only the delta 1 gene has been shown definitively to be active in the lens. Transcription of deletion mutants, repor86205850 Regulation of rat insulin 1 gene expression: evidence for negative regulation in nonpancreatic cells. Nir U; Walker MD; Rutter WJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3180-4 (1986) Two cis-acting elements, the enhancer and the promoter, independently contribute to the cell-specific expression of the rat insulin 1 gene. The activities of these elements are presumably mediated by 86205860 Transcriptional activation encoded by the v-fos gene. Setoyama C; Frunzio R; Liau G; Mudryj M; de Crombrugghe B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3213-7 (1986) We present evidence that the fos oncogene encodes a transcriptional trans-activation function. trans-activation was assayed by cotransfection into NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts of v-fos DNA containing pla86205867 A transcription factor active on the epidermal growth factor receptor gene. Kageyama R; Merlino GT; Pastan I Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5016-20 (1988) We have developed an in vitro transcription system for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) oncogene by using nuclear extracts of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells, which overproduce EGFR. 88276890 Regulation of bacteriophage P2 late-gene expression: the ogr gene. Christie GE; Haggard-Ljungquist E; Feiwell R; Calendar R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3238-42 (1986) The ogr gene product of bacteriophage P2 is a positive regulatory factor required for P2 late-gene transcription. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the ogr gene, which encodes a basic poly86205872 Regulatory effect of a synthetic CRP recognition sequence placed downstream of a promoter. Morita T; Shigesada K; Kimizuka F; Aiba H Nucleic Acids Res 16: 7315-32 (1988) A series of plasmids were constructed in which a promoter was introduced into a lac-based operon fusion vector. A perfectly symmetrical oligonucleotide of 22-bp corresponding to an idealized binding s88319927 Sequences upstream of the STE6 gene required for its expression and regulation by the mating type locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Wilson KL; Herskowitz I Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 2536-40 (1986) The STE6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an a-specific gene; it is repressed in alpha cells by the alpha 2 product of the mating type locus. To study the role of sequences upstream of STE6 in its 86205986 A repeated 18 bp sequence motif in the mouse rDNA spacer mediates binding of a nuclear factor and transcription termination. Grummt I; Rosenbauer H; Niedermeyer I; Maier U; Ohrlein A Cell 45: 837-46 (1986) DNA sequences and protein factors directing termination of mouse rDNA transcription in a nuclear extract system were examined. Termination is specific and requires a sequence element AGGTCGACCAGATTANT86218097 Activation of the polyomavirus enhancer by a murine activator protein 1 (AP1) homolog and two contiguous proteins. Martin ME; Piette J; Yaniv M; Tang WJ; Folk WR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5839-43 (1988) The polyomavirus enhancer is composed of multiple DNA sequence elements serving as binding sites for proteins present in mouse nuclear extracts that activate transcription and DNA replication. We have88320339 Developmental regulation of two 5S ribosomal RNA genes. Wolffe AP; Brown DD Science 241: 1626-32 (1988) The developmental regulation of two kinds of Xenopus 5S RNA genes (oocyte and somatic types) can be explained by differences in the stability of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions in a trans88336896 Functional characterization of a complex protein-DNA-binding domain located within the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat leader region. Malim MH; Fenrick R; Ballard DW; Hauber J; Bohnlein E; Cullen BR J Virol 63: 3213-9 (1989) Transcriptional trans activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) by the viral tat trans activator is mediated by an LTR-specific sequence located immediat89311606 Rearrangement mutations on the 5' side of the qa-2 gene of Neurospora implicate two regions of qa-1F activator-protein interaction. Geever RF; Murayama T; Case ME; Giles NH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3944-8 (1986) Transcriptional activation of the Neurospora crassa qa genes normally requires the positive regulatory gene, qa-1F+, whose function is controlled by the inducer quinic acid and by the product of the n86233349 Functional cooperativity between transcription factors UBF1 and SL1 mediates human ribosomal RNA synthesis. Bell SP; Learned RM; Jantzen HM; Tjian R Science 241: 1192-7 (1988) The human ribosomal RNA promoter contains two distinct control elements (UCE and core) both of which are recognized by the sequence-specific DNA binding protein UBF1, which has now been purified to ap88321668 The Drosophila E74 promoter contains essential sequences downstream from the start site of transcription. Thummel CS Genes Dev 3: 782-92 (1989) The Drosophila E74 gene is one of a small set of genes induced directly by the steroid hormone ecdysone at the onset of metamorphosis. Both in vitro and in vivo transcription assays have been used to 89306615 Herpes simplex virus immediate early infected-cell polypeptide 4 binds to DNA and promotes transcription. Beard P; Faber S; Wilcox KW; Pizer LI Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 4016-20 (1986) In herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected cells, there is a sequential expression of viral genes. In vivo experiments have implicated the Mr 175,000 immediate early protein ICP4 (infected-cell polypeptid86233364 lac Repressor blocks transcribing RNA polymerase and terminates transcription. Deuschle U; Gentz R; Bujard H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 4134-7 (1986) Operator sequences are essential elements in many negatively controlled operons. By binding repressors, they prevent the formation of active complexes between RNA polymerase and promoters. Here we sho86233386 Preferential transcription of HTLV-I LTR in cell-free extracts of human T cells producing HTLV-I viral proteins. Matsunami N; Siomi H; Hatanaka M; Yaoita Y; Honjo T Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4779-86 (1986) The promoters of the adenovirus 2 major late gene, the mouse beta-globin gene, the mouse immunoglobulin VH gene and the LTR of the human T-lymphotropic retrovirus type I were tested for their transcri86259058 trans-activation of the simian virus 40 enhancer by a pX product of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Saito S; Nakamura M; Ohtani K; Ichijo M; Sugamura K; Hinuma Y J Virol 62: 644-8 (1988) A trans-acting factor, p40, of human T-cell leukemia virus type I profoundly potentiated the function of the enhancer from simian virus 40 but not polyomavirus and Rous sarcoma and murine sarcoma viru88091084 Subnuclear localization of the trans-activating protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Slamon DJ; Boyle WJ; Keith DE; Press MF; Golde DW; Souza LM J Virol 62: 680-6 (1988) Human T-cell leukemia virus type I is associated with human lymphoid malignancies. The p40xI protein encoded by the x gene of this virus is believed to play some role in virally mediated transformatio88119202 Developmental and tissue-specific regulation of a novel transcription factor of the sea urchin. Barberis A; Superti-Furga G; Vitelli L; Kemler I; Busslinger M Genes Dev 3: 663-75 (1989) We have identified a novel transcription factor that interacts with the promoter of four tissue-specific late histone H2A-2 and H2B-2 genes of the sea urchin by DNase I footprint, mobility shift, and 89306604 Molecular cloning and characterization of cDNA for eukaryotic transcription factor S-II. Hirashima S; Hirai H; Nakanishi Y; Natori S J Biol Chem 263: 3858-63 (1988) Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding a transcription factor S-II were isolated and characterized. The primary structure of S-II was determined by nucleotide sequence analysis of these clones. The 88153686 Tubulin: a factor necessary for the synthesis of both Sendai virus and vesicular stomatitis virus RNAs. Moyer SA; Baker SC; Lessard JL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 5405-9 (1986) Tubulin acts as a positive transcription factor for in vitro RNA synthesis by two different negative-strand viruses: Sendai virus, a paramyxovirus; vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a rhabdovirus. A m86287267 DNA-binding activity of the adenovirus-induced E4F transcription factor is regulated by phosphorylation. Raychaudhuri P; Bagchi S; Nevins JR Genes Dev 3: 620-7 (1989) Previous experiments have identified E4F, an inducible cellular factor that binds to sequences in the adenovirus E4 promoter that are critical for E1A-dependent transcriptional activation. The E4F fac89306600 Gene encoding the sigma 37 species of RNA polymerase sigma factor from Bacillus subtilis. Binnie C; Lampe M; Losick R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 5943-7 (1986) sigma 37 is a minor species of RNA polymerase sigma factor found in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. sigma 37 governs the transcription in vitro of genes that are turned on at an early s86287370 Autoregulation and multiple DNA interactions by a transcriptional regulatory protein in E. coli pili biogenesis. Forsman K; Goransson M; Uhlin BE EMBO J 8: 1271-7 (1989) An operon mediating biogenesis of digalactoside-binding pilus-adhesin of serotype F13 in uropathogenic Escherichia coli includes the regulatory gene papB. The papB gene product was found to act as tra89305531 Regulatory mechanisms for induction of synthesis of repair enzymes in response to alkylating agents: ada protein acts as a transcriptional regulator. Nakabeppu Y; Sekiguchi M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 6297-301 (1986) Expression of the ada and alkA genes, both of which are involved in the adaptive response of Escherichia coli to alkylating agents, is positively controlled by Ada protein, the product of the ada gene86313568 The yeast ARGRII regulatory protein has homology with various RNases and DNA binding proteins. Messenguy F; Dubois E Mol Gen Genet 211: 102-5 (1988) Three regulatory proteins are involved in the post-transcriptional control of arginine metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: ARGRI, ARGRII and ARGRIII. The 880 amino acid ARGRII protein, like some D88142557 DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the 5'-flanking region of the rat serum albumin gene: correlation between chromatin structure and transcriptional activity. Babiss LE; Bennett A; Friedman JM; Darnell JE Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 6504-8 (1986) As tested by DNase I digestion, the chromatin structure in several regions 5' to the rat serum albumin gene varies in tissues and cell lines that differ in transcription rate of this gene. Three DNase86313607 Functional domains of the yeast regulatory protein GAL4. Johnston SA; Zavortink MJ; Debouck C; Hopper JE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 6553-7 (1986) In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulation of the galactose/melibiose regulon rests on a dosage-dependent functional interplay between the positive regulator of transcription, the GAL4 protein, 86313616 Cis-acting sequences responsible for the transcriptional activation of human T-cell leukemia virus type I constitute a conditional enhancer. Paskalis H; Felber BK; Pavlakis GN Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 6558-62 (1986) Transcription from the long terminal repeat promoter of human T-cell leukemia virus type I is activated in the presence of a trans-activator protein, TA-I, encoded in the 3' part of the genome. A seri86313617 Transcription termination at lambda tR1 is mediated by interaction of rho with specific single-stranded domains near the 3' end of cro mRNA. Chen CY; Galluppi GR; Richardson JP Cell 46: 1023-8 (1986) To determine whether E. coli rho protein mediates termination of transcription by interacting with specific segments of the nascent transcript, DNA oligonucleotides were used to sequester segments of 87002466 An Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product trans-activates gene expression from the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. Kenney S; Kamine J; Markovitz D; Fenrick R; Pagano J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 1652-6 (1988) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients are frequently coinfected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). In this report, we demonstrate that an EBV immediate-early gene product, BamHI MLF1, stimulates exp88144494 Regulation of expression driven by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeats in pluripotential human embryonic cells. Maio JJ; Brown FL J Virol 62: 1398-407 (1988) Human pluripotential embryonic teratocarcinoma cells differentially expressed gene activity controlled by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I88155780 RNA polymerase and gal repressor bind simultaneously and with DNA bending to the control region of the Escherichia coli galactose operon. Kuhnke G; Theres C; Fritz HJ; Ehring R EMBO J 8: 1247-55 (1989) The Escherichia coli galactose operon contains an unusual array of closely spaced binding sites for proteins governing the expression from the two physically overlapping gal promoters. Based on studie89305528 Autoregulation of 2 micron circle gene expression provides a model for maintenance of stable plasmid copy levels. Som T; Armstrong KA; Volkert FC; Broach JR Cell 52: 27-37 (1988) The yeast plasmid 2 micron circle actively maintains high but stable copy levels in the cell, even though the plasmid confers no selective advantage to its host. To address the mechanism by which stab88151025 A type II DNA-binding protein genetically engineered for fluorescence spectroscopy: the "arm" of transcription factor 1 binds in the DNA grooves. Hard T; Sayre MH; Geiduschek EP; Kearns DR Biochemistry 28: 2813-9 (1989) We examined the fluorescence properties of a mutant TF1 protein (transcription factor 1; a member of the type II class of DNA-binding proteins, DBPII) containing tryptophan in place of phenylalanine (89302860 A transcriptional enhancer 3' of C beta 2 in the T cell receptor beta locus. McDougall S; Peterson CL; Calame K Science 241: 205-8 (1988) Run-on transcription experiments were used to demonstrate that transcription of T cell receptor beta chain V genes is activated by DNA rearrangement, in a manner similar to immunoglobulin genes. A tra88264424 Purification of a yeast TATA box-binding protein that exhibits human transcription factor IID activity. Horikoshi M; Wang CK; Fujii H; Cromlish JA; Weil PA; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 4843-7 (1989) By a series of conventional chromatographic procedures we have purified from whole-cell extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast transcription factor IID (TFIID), which functionally substitutes for 89296900 Labile repressors are involved in the transcriptional control of PDGF-responsive genes. Hall DJ; Alberta JA; Stiles CD Oncogene Res 4: 177-84 (1989) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates the transcription of a number of genes in BALB/c-3T3 fibroblasts. Some of these genes (notably the c-myc and c-fo proto-oncogenes) are induced also by 89296342 A transcriptional repressor of c-myc. Kakkis E; Riggs KJ; Gillespie W; Calame K Nature 339: 718-21 (1989) In murine plasmacytomas there is deregulated transcription of a translocated c-myc allele and undetectable transcription of the normal, unrearranged c-myc allele. Deregulated c-myc transcription proba89295564 Thyroid hormone regulation of transcription factors involved in malic enzyme gene expression. Petty KJ; Morioka H; Mitsuhashi T; Nikodem VM J Biol Chem 264: 11483-90 (1989) The mechanisms by which triiodothyronine (T3) regulates gene transcription are inadequately understood. In order to examine the effect of T3 on transcriptional mechanisms, we utilized several techniqu89291907 Identification of a domain within the phosphoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus that is essential for transcription in vitro. Gill DS; Chattopadhyay D; Banerjee AK Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 8873-7 (1986) A full-length cDNA copy of the phosphoprotein (NS) mRNA of vesicular stomatitis virus (New Jersey serotype) was inserted into pGEM4 vector downstream of the promoter for bacteriophage SP6 RNA polymera87067415 A glycosylated liver-specific transcription factor stimulates transcription of the albumin gene. Lichtsteiner S; Schibler U Cell 57: 1179-87 (1989) HNF1 is a liver-specific transcription factor that plays the dominant role in determining the cell type-specific in vitro transcription of the albumin gene. Here we report the purification and prelimi89288319 Activation of transcription by the bacteriophage 434 repressor. Bushman FD; Ptashne M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 9353-7 (1986) Bacteriophage 434 encodes a repressor that, like bacteriophage lambda repressor, both activates and represses transcription. As in the lambda chromosome, a region of the 434 chromosome, called the rig87092251 New RNA polymerase sigma factor under spo0 control in Bacillus subtilis. Carter HL 3d; Moran CP Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 9438-42 (1986) In Bacillus subtilis transcription of spoVG is activated within minutes after the initiation of sporulation. Mutations in several spo0 genes prevent the activation of spoVG transcription. We have foun87092267 Tissue-specific transcription enhancement of the fibroin gene characterized by cell-free systems. Suzuki Y; Tsuda M; Takiya S; Hirose S; Suzuki E; Kameda M; Ninaki O Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 9522-6 (1986) Six cell-free extracts have been used to characterize the nature of DNA signals and trans-acting factors responsible for the transcription enhancement of the Bombyx mori fibroin gene. The upstream ele87092281 Rho-dependent transcription termination of a bacterial operon is antagonized by an extrachromosomal gene product. Lagos R; Jiang RZ; Kim S; Goldstein R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 9561-5 (1986) The psu gene product of "phasmid" (phage-plasmid) P4 acts as a transcription antitermination factor in trans and in cis, respectively, within the morphogenic operons of its P2 phage helper during lyti87092288 Mutational analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter region. Ballard DW; Bothwell A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 9626-30 (1986) Complete immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) genes (gamma and mu) containing the intronic IgH enhancer and mutations in the upstream promoter region were constructed in vitro and introduced into murine J87092300 HTLV x gene mutants exhibit novel transcriptional regulatory phenotypes. Wachsman W; Cann AJ; Williams JL; Slamon DJ; Souza L; Shah NP; Chen IS Science 235: 674-7 (1987) The human T-cell leukemia viruses, HTLV-I and HTLV-II, contain a gene, termed x, with transcriptional regulatory function. The properties of the x proteins were analyzed by constructing mutant genes c87120302 U3 sequences from HTLV-I and -II LTRs confer pX protein response to a murine leukemia virus LTR. Kitado H; Chen IS; Shah NP; Cann AJ; Shimotohno K; Fan H Science 235: 901-4 (1987) Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) types I and II are unusual among replication-competent retroviruses in that they contain a fourth gene (chi) necessary for replication. The chi gene product, p chi, 87120335 An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells. Nabel G; Baltimore D Nature 326: 711-3 (1987) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) production from latently infected T lymphocytes can be induced with compounds that activate the cells to secrete lymphokines. The elements in the HIV genome which co87173065 Mutation changing the specificity of an RNA polymerase sigma factor. Zuber P; Healy J; Carter HL 3d; Cutting S; Moran CP Jr; Losick R J Mol Biol 206: 605-14 (1989) We describe a mutation that changes the fine specificity of promoter selection by a secondary form of RNA polymerase holoenzyme in Bacillus subtilis. The product of regulatory gene spo0H is an RNA pol89293826 Transcriptional activation and repression by Ultrabithorax proteins in cultured Drosophila cells. Krasnow MA; Saffman EE; Kornfeld K; Hogness DS Cell 57: 1031-43 (1989) Homeotic genes of Drosophila melanogaster such as Ultrabithorax (Ubx) and Antennapedia (Antp) have long been thought to select metameric identity during development by controlling the expression of va89288290 Role of an adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor in E1A-mediated coordinate gene control. Kovesdi I; Reichel R; Nevins JR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 2180-4 (1987) A product of the adenovirus gene E1A is responsible for the stimulation of transcription from six viral promoters as well as at least two cellular promoters. We have detected a HeLa cell factor, terme87175637 Coupling of GCN4 mRNA translational activation with decreased rates of polypeptide chain initiation. Tzamarias D; Roussou I; Thireos G Cell 57: 947-54 (1989) The steady-state translational activation of the GCN4 mRNA is based upon an increase in the rate of ribosome initiation at the protein coding AUG following translation of the 5' most proximal open rea89288300 Role of DNA topoisomerase I in the transcription of supercoiled rRNA gene. Garg LC; DiAngelo S; Jacob ST Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 3185-8 (1987) The fraction DE-B obtained by fractionating an extract from rat mammary adenocarcinoma cells on a DEAE-Sephadex column was used for transcribing linear and supercoiled rRNA gene (rDNA). This fraction,87204102 lac repressor blocks in vivo transcription of lac control region DNA. Sellitti MA; Pavco PA; Steege DA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 3199-203 (1987) Transcription of the Escherichia coli lac repressor gene (lacI) in vivo produces monocistronic mRNAs with discrete 3' ends in the lac control region, although the DNA sequence of this region does not 87204105 In vivo system for characterizing clonal variation and tissue-specific gene regulatory factors based on function. Hardeman EC; Minty A; Benton-Vosman P; Kedes L; Blau HM J Cell Biol 106: 1027-34 (1988) The inducibility of stably transfected alpha-cardiac actin genes differs among L cell clones. We examined the ability of muscle-specific factors to induce the expression of the human muscle alpha-card88198346 RNA polymerase as a repressor of transcription in the hut(P) region of mutant Klebsiella aerogenes histidine utilization operons. Nieuwkoop AJ; Bender RA J Bacteriol 170: 4986-90 (1988) Mutants of Klebsiella aerogenes able to express the hutUH operon in the absence of positive effectors were isolated and characterized. These mutations improve the hutUH promoter (PUH) by changing the 89008133 lac repressor can regulate expression from a hybrid SV40 early promoter containing a lac operator in animal cells. Brown M; Figge J; Hansen U; Wright C; Jeang KT; Khoury G; Livingston DM; Roberts TM Cell 49: 603-12 (1987) The E. coli lac operator and repressor were adapted for function in mammalian cells. Plasmids containing an SV40 early region (pSVlacO) or a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene (pSVlacOCAT) linked87215924 Regulatory mutants of the aroF-tyrA operon of Escherichia coli K-12. Cobbett CS; Delbridge ML J Bacteriol 169: 2500-6 (1987) The regulatory region of the aroF-tyrA operon was fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene on a plasmid vector. Expression of the cat gene was subject to repression by tyrR+. This fus87222169 Identification of p40x-responsive regulatory sequences within the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat. Brady J; Jeang KT; Duvall J; Khoury G J Virol 61: 2175-81 (1987) Distinct transcriptional regulatory sequences located within the upstream sequences required for p40x trans-activation of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) wer87226400 Resolution of human transcription factor TFIIIC into two functional components. Yoshinaga SK; Boulanger PA; Berk AJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 3585-9 (1987) tRNA genes and adenovirus viral-associated (VA) genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III. Transcription of these genes in vitro requires two protein fractions containing transcription factors desig87231862 Binding of transcription factors and creation of a large nucleoprotein complex on the human cytomegalovirus enhancer. Ghazal P; Lubon H; Fleckenstein B; Hennighausen L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 3658-62 (1987) The effect of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early region 1 enhancer on transcription was studied in vitro with HeLa cell nuclear extract. Stimulation of in vitro transcription mediated by the en87231877 A homologous in vitro system to analyze transcription of a mouse immunoglobulin mu heavy-chain gene. Giller T; Brunner L; Pick L; Brack C Eur J Biochem 172: 679-85 (1988) In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms of the regulation of immunoglobulin (Ig) gene transcription, a cell-free system was developed in which a cloned mouse Ig mu heavy-chain gene was transc88166751 Recent advances in the molecular biology of HTLV-1: trans-activation of viral and cellular genes. Yoshida M; Seiki M Annu Rev Immunol 5: 541-59 (1987) 87242038 Bovine leukemia virus transcription is controlled by a virus-encoded trans-acting factor and by cis-acting response elements. Derse D J Virol 61: 2462-71 (1987) Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) gene expression is exquisitely regulated at multiple levels, including a transcriptional control effected by virus-encoded trans-acting factors and cis-acting target sequen87254423 Herpes simplex virus virion stimulatory protein mRNA leader contains sequence elements which increase both virus-induced transcription and mRNA stability. Blair ED; Blair CC; Wagner EK J Virol 61: 2499-508 (1987) To investigate the role of 5' noncoding leader sequence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mRNA in infected cells, the promoter for the 65,000-dalton virion stimulatory protein (VSP), a beta-gamma87254427 Isolation and characterization of the Bacillus subtilis sigma 28 factor. Helmann JD; Masiarz FR; Chamberlin MJ J Bacteriol 170: 1560-7 (1988) RNA polymerase preparations isolated from vegetatively growing Bacillus subtilis cells contain the core subunits beta, beta', and alpha, together with multiple sigma factors and other core-associated 88169476 Mouse DNA polymerase beta gene promoter: fine mapping and involvement of Sp1-like mouse transcription factor in its function. Yamaguchi M; Hayashi Y; Matsukage A Nucleic Acids Res 16: 8773-87 (1988) The promoter of mouse DNA polymerase beta gene was analyzed by combining 5'-upstream region of this gene with chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and by introduction of the recombinant plasmi89016561 Role of proto-oncogenes in myocardial hypertrophy. Simpson PC Am J Cardiol 62: 13G-19G (1988) A question of major clinical significance in cardiology is the nature of the signals that initiate and maintain the various types of myocardial hypertrophy, either in response to hemodynamic loading o89022811 The gluconate operon gnt of Bacillus subtilis encodes its own transcriptional negative regulator. Fujita Y; Fujita T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 4524-8 (1987) The gluconate (gnt) operon of Bacillus subtilis consists of four gnt genes; the second and third genes code for gluconate kinase (gluconokinase, EC 2.7.1.12) and gluconate permease, respectively. A fr87260840 A yeast activity can substitute for the HeLa cell TATA box factor. Cavallini B; Huet J; Plassat JL; Sentenac A; Egly JM; Chambon P Nature 334: 77-80 (1988) Most class B (II) promoter regions from higher eukaryotes contain the TATA box and upstream and enhancer elements. Both the upstream and enhancer elements and their cognate factors have regulatory fun88261553 Function of a yeast TATA element-binding protein in a mammalian transcription system. Buratowski S; Hahn S; Sharp PA; Guarente L Nature 334: 37-42 (1988) Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a protein which is functionally similar to the mammalian TATA element-binding transcription factor, TFIID. The yeast factor substitutes for TFIID in a mammalian RNA p88261539 Transcription elongation factor SII (TFIIS) enables RNA polymerase II to elongate through a block to transcription in a human gene in vitro. Reines D; Chamberlin MJ; Kane CM J Biol Chem 264: 10799-809 (1989) Elongation and termination by RNA polymerase II are important regulatory steps for eukaryotic gene expression. We have previously studied the transcription of linear DNA templates where specific initi89278155 Regulation of cytochrome P-450b/e gene expression by a heme- and phenobarbitone-modulated transcription factor. Rangarajan PN; Padmanaban G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 3963-7 (1989) The cloned DNA fragment of the cytochrome P-450b/e gene containing the upstream region from position -179 through part of the first exon is faithfully transcribed in freeze-thawed rat liver nuclei. Ph89264543 cAMP-dependent binding of a trans-acting factor to the thyroglobulin promoter. Hansen C; Javaux F; Juvenal G; Vassart G; Christophe D Biochem Biophys Res Commun 160: 722-31 (1989) We have investigated the interaction of a nuclear factor(s) with the promoter region of the thyroglobulin (Tg) gene, which is only expressed in differentiated thyroid cells under the positive control 89246524 DNA recognition element required for PUF-I mediated cell-type-specific transcription of the rat prolactin gene. Sharp ZD; Helsel S; Cao ZD; Barron EA; Sanchez Y Nucleic Acids Res 17: 2705-22 (1989) The cell-type-specific transcription of the prolactin gene in vitro is mediated through the interaction of prolactin upstream factor I (PUF-I) with a 28 basepair region of the gene promoter (-63 to -389240028 Identification by cell fusion of gene sequences that interact with positive trans-acting factors. Lufkin T; Bancroft C Science 237: 283-6 (1987) Cell fusion experiments have implicated positive or negative regulatory factors in the cell type--specific expression of specialized endogenous genes. The inability to readily manipulate such genes ha87263389 Kappa B-specific DNA binding proteins: role in the regulation of human interleukin-2 gene expression. Hoyos B; Ballard DW; Bohnlein E; Siekevitz M; Greene WC Science 244: 457-60 (1989) Transcriptional activation of the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene, like induction of the IL-2 receptor alpha (IL-2R alpha) gene and the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), is shown to be modu89242103 The contribution of the N- and C-terminal regions of steroid receptors to activation of transcription is both receptor and cell-specific. Bocquel MT; Kumar V; Stricker C; Chambon P; Gronemeyer H Nucleic Acids Res 17: 2581-95 (1989) Normalized dose response-curves for transcriptional activation of reporter genes were obtained by co-transfecting them with increasing amounts of wild-type (wt) progesterone (PR), glucocorticoid (GR) 89240020 Transcription of multiple copies of the yeast GAL7 gene is limited by specific factors in addition to GAL4. Baker SM; Johnston SA; Hopper JE; Jaehning JA Mol Gen Genet 208: 127-34 (1987) High levels of the GAL7 gene in the yeast cell appear to titrate regulatory factors and to impair transcription of related sequences. To investigate the role that the GAL regulatory factors GAL4 and G87286396 Regulation of NAD metabolism in Salmonella typhimurium: genetic analysis and cloning of the nadR repressor locus. Foster JW; Holley-Guthrie EA; Warren F Mol Gen Genet 208: 279-87 (1987) The nadR locus (99 min) controls the transcription of several genes involved with either the biosynthesis (nadAB) or recycling (pncB) of NAD in Salmonella typhimurium. Point mutations in this locus we87286411 Regulation of JCVL promoter function: transactivation of JCVL promoter by JCV and SV40 early proteins. Lashgari MS; Tada H; Amini S; Khalili K Virology 170: 292-5 (1989) To better understand the basis of cell type specificity of JCV replication, we have analyzed the expression of the viral late promoter in glial cells. Using transient transfection procedures, we show 89243191 Steroid hormone receptors compete for factors that mediate their enhancer function. Meyer ME; Gronemeyer H; Turcotte B; Bocquel MT; Tasset D; Chambon P Cell 57: 433-42 (1989) Stimulation of transcription of reporter genes by the progesterone receptor (PR) was inhibited in transfected HeLa cells by co-expressing the estrogen receptor (ER) in an ER-dose- and estrogen-depende89249305 Cluster of genes controlling synthesis and activation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid in production of enterobactin in Escherichia coli. Nahlik MS; Fleming TP; McIntosh MA J Bacteriol 169: 4163-70 (1987) The Escherichia coli gene cluster encoding enzymatic activities responsible for the synthesis and activation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid in the formation of the catechol siderophore enterobactin was 87307998 Specific stimulation of simian virus 40 late transcription in vitro by a cellular factor binding the simian virus 40 21-base-pair repeat promoter element. Kim CH; Heath C; Bertuch A; Hansen U Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6025-9 (1987) We have identified a cellular transcription factor from uninfected HeLa cells that stimulates the simian virus 40 (SV40) late mode of transcription and specifically binds the SV40 21-base-pair repeat 87317587 Chromatin structure of recombinant Moloney murine leukemia virus proviral DNAs that contain tax-responsive sequences from human T-cell lymphotropic virus type II in the presence and absence of tax. Kitado H; Fan H J Virol 63: 3072-9 (1989) Human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) are replication-competent retroviruses which contain two additional regulatory proteins, tax and rex. tax is a transcriptional trans89259101 The protein encoded by a murine male germ cell-specific transcript is a putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase. Leroy P; Alzari P; Sassoon D; Wolgemuth D; Fellous M Cell 57: 549-59 (1989) The murine PL10 cDNA corresponds to a transcript expressed only in the male germ line. Its expression is developmentally regulated, with high levels of transcripts being present during the meiotic and89249320 Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression is mediated by nuclear events. Hauber J; Perkins A; Heimer EP; Cullen BR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6364-8 (1987) Human immunodeficiency virus encodes a gene product termed tat that is able to activate viral gene expression when present in trans. The mechanism of action of the tat gene product appears to be bimod87317652 Transient expression analysis of the reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat element. Ridgway AA; Kung HJ; Fujita DJ Nucleic Acids Res 17: 3199-215 (1989) A region of the Reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) long terminal repeat (LTR) harbouring single or duplicated copies of 46-bp and 26-bp sequence elements is implicated in enhancer activity. Sequences r89263727 Promoter trans-activation of protooncogenes c-fos and c-myc, but not c-Ha-ras, by products of adenovirus early region 1A. Sassone-Corsi P; Borrelli E Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6430-3 (1987) The E1A (early region 1A) oncogene products of adenovirus type 2 trans-activate the other early viral transcription units, as well as some cellular promoters. Using a short-term cotransfection assay i87317666 Common mechanisms of promoter recognition by RNA polymerases II and III. Murphy S; Moorefield B; Pieler T Trends Genet 5: 122-6 (1989) Recent results indicate that RNA polymerase III can use upstream promoters that are structurally and functionally very similar to those recognized by RNA polymerase II. The demonstration that RNA poly89267910 Mutant human B cell lines deficient in class II major histocompatibility complex transcription. Calman AF; Peterlin BM J Immunol 139: 2489-95 (1987) By mutagenesis and selection, two independent Ia- mutant cell lines derived from the Ia+ human B cell line Raji were isolated. One mutant failed to express detectable surface HLA-DR and HLA-DQ molecul88009116 Chemical synthesis and expression of a gene encoding HIV-1 TAT protein. Ferguson BQ; Friedland BK; Hendrickson E; Strehl L; Petteway SR; Jonak GJ Biochem Biophys Res Commun 160: 1429-37 (1989) A gene encoding the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) TAT protein was chemically synthesized and expressed in HeLa cells and in a cell-free system. To facilitate both the assembly of the syntheti89273612 3'-end formation of mouse pre-rRNA involves both transcription termination and a specific processing reaction. Kuhn A; Grummt I Genes Dev 3: 224-31 (1989) We have studied the sequence requirements for 3'-end formation of rDNA transcripts in a cell-free system and show that the generation of correct ends of mouse pre-rRNA is brought about by a two-step p89232718 Mapping functional regions of transcription factor TFIIIA. Vrana KE; Churchill ME; Tullius TD; Brown DD Mol Cell Biol 8: 1684-96 (1988) Functional deletion mutants of the trans-acting factor TFIIIA, truncated at both ends of the molecule, have been expressed by in vitro transcription of a cDNA clone and subsequent cell-free translatio88246439 Identification of a new sigma-factor involved in compartmentalized gene expression during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. Sun DX; Stragier P; Setlow P Genes Dev 3: 141-9 (1989) During sporulation of Bacillus subtilis, two identical genomes segregate in two compartments, the forespore and mother cell. These genomes are expressed differentially, with some genes such as sspE tu89232711 The induction of a neural-specific gene, SCG10, by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells is transcriptional, protein synthesis dependent, and glucocorticoid inhibitable. Stein R; Orit S; Anderson DJ Dev Biol 127: 316-25 (1988) We describe features of the regulation of a neural-specific gene, SCG10, which is induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) during the neuronal differentiation of the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12. I88242929 Mouse and frog violate the paradigm of species-specific transcription of ribosomal RNA genes. Culotta VC; Wilkinson JK; Sollner-Webb B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 7498-502 (1987) Transcription of ribosomal RNA genes by RNA polymerase I is generally accepted as being highly species specific, a conclusion based on numerous reports that rRNA genes of one species are not transcrib88041133 Anti-termination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by tat gene product. Kao SY; Calman AF; Luciw PA; Peterlin BM Nature 330: 489-93 (1987) Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gene expression is controlled by cellular transcription factors and by virally encoded trans-activation proteins of the HIV-1 tat and art/trs genes, which are es88065879 Trans-acting protein factors and the regulation of eukaryotic transcription: lessons from studies on DNA tumor viruses. Jones NC; Rigby PW; Ziff EB Genes Dev 2: 267-81 (1988) 88243009 A common liver-specific factor binds to the rat albumin and alpha-foetoprotein promoters in vitro and acts as a positive trans-acting factor in vivo. Jose-Estanyol M; Poliard A; Foiret D; Danan JL Eur J Biochem 181: 761-6 (1989) Rat liver nuclear extracts were tested for the presence of factors which might be common to the transcriptional regulation of both the albumin and alpha-foetoprotein genes. Gel shift assay showed the 89276366 A cellular protein, activating transcription factor, activates transcription of multiple E1A-inducible adenovirus early promoters. Lee KA; Hai TY; SivaRaman L; Thimmappaya B; Hurst HC; Jones NC; Green MR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8355-9 (1987) We have examined the relationship between sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that activate transcription of E1A-inducible adenovirus early promoters. Factors previously referred to as E4F1 and E2A88068593 Site-selective 8-chloro-cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate as a biologic modulator of cancer: restoration of normal control mechanisms. Cho-Chung YS J Natl Cancer Inst 81: 982-7 (1989) 89279960 Zinc (II) and the single-stranded DNA binding protein of bacteriophage T4. Gauss P; Krassa KB; McPheeters DS; Nelson MA; Gold L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8515-9 (1987) The DNA binding domain of the gene 32 protein of the bacteriophage T4 contains a single "zinc-finger" sequence. The gene 32 protein is an extensively studied member of a class of proteins that bind re88068619 Immediate-early gene region of human cytomegalovirus trans-activates the promoter of human immunodeficiency virus. Davis MG; Kenney SC; Kamine J; Pagano JS; Huang ES Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8642-6 (1987) Almost all homosexual patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are also actively infected with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). We have hypothesized that an interaction between HCMV and human imm88068645 Activation of the HIV-1 LTR by T cell mitogens and the trans-activator protein of HTLV-I [published erratum appears in Science 1988 Jan 29;239(4839):451] Siekevitz M; Josephs SF; Dukovich M; Peffer N; Wong-Staal F; Greene WC Science 238: 1575-8 (1987) To investigate the mechanism by which immune activation augments replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in infected T cells, four different classes of T cell mitogens were eval88070623 Functional domains required for tat-induced transcriptional activation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Garcia JA; Harrich D; Pearson L; Mitsuyasu R; Gaynor RB EMBO J 7: 3143-7 (1988) The transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type I involves the interaction of both viral and cellular proteins. The viral protein tat is important in increasing the amoun89030610 Comparative mutational analysis of wild-type and stretched tRNA3(Leu) gene promoters. Fabrizio P; Coppo A; Fruscoloni P; Benedetti P; Di Segni G; Tocchini-Valentini GP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8763-7 (1987) We demonstrate that, when the yeast tRNA(3Leu) gene is stretched so that the distance between the two portions of the intragenic promoter is increased to 365 base pairs, the A and B blocks remain func88097367 Gene size differentially affects the binding of yeast transcription factor tau to two intragenic regions. Baker RE; Camier S; Sentenac A; Hall BD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8768-72 (1987) Yeast transcription factor tau (transcription factor IIIC) specifically interacts with tRNA genes, binding to both the A block and the B block elements of the internal promoter. To study the influence88097368 Arabinose-induced binding of AraC protein to araI2 activates the araBAD operon promoter. Lee N; Francklyn C; Hamilton EP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8814-8 (1987) The state of Escherichia coli araI DNA occupancy by AraC protein has been found to change from a two-turn to a four-turn occupancy upon the addition of the inducer arabinose. The araI site is separabl88097378 A mutational analysis of the insulin gene transcription control region: expression in beta cells is dependent on two related sequences within the enhancer. Karlsson O; Edlund T; Moss JB; Rutter WJ; Walker MD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8819-23 (1987) Cell-specific expression of the insulin gene is controlled by cis-acting DNA sequences located within approximately equal to 350 base pairs of the 5' flanking DNA immediately upstream from the transcr88097379 Accurate initiation at RNA polymerase II promoters in extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lue NF; Kornberg RD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8839-43 (1987) A yeast nuclear extract supported transcription from the CYC1 and PYK1 promoters. Transcription was initiated in vitro at or near sites used in vivo. Deletion of "TATA" sequences abolished the reactio88097383 Host control of plasmid replication: requirement for the sigma factor sigma 32 in transcription of mini-F replication initiator gene. Wada C; Imai M; Yura T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8849-53 (1987) Replication of F factor or mini-F plasmid is strongly inhibited in the rpoH (htpR) mutants of Escherichia coli deficient in the sigma factor (sigma 32) known to be required for heat shock gene express88097385 Regulatory elements in the first intron contribute to transcriptional control of the human alpha 1(I) collagen gene. Bornstein P; McKay J; Morishima JK; Devarayalu S; Gelinas RE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8869-73 (1987) Several lines of evidence have suggested that the regulation of type I collagen gene transcription is complex and that important regulatory elements reside 5' to, and within, the first intron of the a88097389 Two separate domains within vesicular stomatitis virus phosphoprotein support transcription when added in trans. Chattopadhyay D; Banerjee AK Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8932-6 (1987) The structural phosphoprotein NS of vesicular stomatitis virus, in association with the virion-associated RNA polymerase L protein, transcribes the genome ribonucleoprotein template in vitro. It conta88097402 The promoter of Alzheimer's disease amyloid A4 precursor gene. Salbaum JM; Weidemann A; Lemaire HG; Masters CL; Beyreuther K EMBO J 7: 2807-13 (1988) The promoter of the gene for the human precursor of Alzheimer's disease A4 amyloid protein (PAD gene) resembles promoters of housekeeping genes. It lacks a typical TATA box and shows a high GC content89030646 A transcription-translation activation feedback circuit as a function of protein degradation, with the quality of protein mass adaptation related to the average functional load. Mader A J Theor Biol 134: 135-57 (1988) The balance between protein synthesis and degradation, and between active skeletal muscle cell hypertrophy and atrophy can be described as a function of protein degradation rate by a transcription-tra89218063 Protein-binding site at the immunoglobulin mu membrane polyadenylylation signal: possible role in transcription termination. Law R; Kuwabara MD; Briskin M; Fasel N; Hermanson G; Sigman DS; Wall R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 9160-4 (1987) mRNAs specifying immunoglobulin mu and delta heavy chains are encoded by a single large, complex transcription unit (mu + delta gene). The transcriptional activity of delta gene segments in terminally88097447 Functional interaction between transcriptional elements in the long terminal repeat of reticuloendotheliosis virus: cooperative DNA binding of promoter- and enhancer-specific factors. Hirano A; Wong T Mol Cell Biol 8: 5232-44 (1988) Transcription from reticuloenodotheliosis virus strain T (REV-T), an avian retrovirus unrelated to avian leukosis and sarcoma viruses, is modulated by sequences in at least five functional domains. A 89218984 Heat-shock induction of RNA polymerase sigma-32 synthesis in Escherichia coli: transcriptional control and a multiple promoter system. Fujita N; Ishihama A Mol Gen Genet 210: 10-5 (1987) Transcriptional start sites of the rpoH gene which codes for a minor sigma factor (sigma 32) of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase were determined. The rpoH gene is transcribed, both in vivo and in vitro88121693 Transcription of a U6 small nuclear RNA gene in vitro. Transcription of a mouse U6 small nuclear RNA gene in vitro by RNA polymerase III is dependent on transcription factor(s) different from transcriReddy R J Biol Chem 263: 15980-4 (1988) U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA), an essential component of the eukaryotic spliceosomes, is unique in that it is synthesized by RNA polymerase III, while all other U-snRNAs are synthesized by RNA polymera89034051 Two polypeptide chains in yeast transcription factor tau interact with DNA. Gabrielsen OS; Marzouki N; Ruet A; Sentenac A; Fromageot P J Biol Chem 264: 7505-11 (1989) Yeast transcription factor tau interacts with the A and B blocks of the intragenic promoter of tRNA genes. The structure of tau was investigated by identifying the polypeptide chains specifically comp89214196 Structural and mutational analysis of E2 trans-activating proteins of papillomaviruses reveals three distinct functional domains. Giri I; Yaniv M EMBO J 7: 2823-9 (1988) The E2 proteins of papillomaviruses are able to transactivate the viral enhancers by interacting with the sequence ACCGN4CGGT found in all papillomavirus long control regions. Analysis of the alignmen89030648 Transcripts of the Drosophila blastoderm-specific locus, terminus, are concentrated posteriorly and encode a potential DNA-binding finger. Baldarelli RM; Mahoney PA; Salas F; Gustavson E; Boyer PD; Chang MF; Roark M; Lengyel JA Dev Biol 125: 85-95 (1988) The commitment of cells to specific fates, as well as the transitions in the cell cycle and transcription that occur at the cellular blastoderm stage of Drosophila embryogenesis, suggest that there ar88055884 Control of the ccd operon in plasmid F. Tam JE; Kline BC J Bacteriol 171: 2353-60 (1989) The F sex factor plasmid of Escherichia coli contains a pair of genes, ccdA and ccdB, whose protein gene products are involved in an unusual feature of plasmid maintenance. The CcdB protein is a cytot89213914 Localization of sequences responsible for trans-activation of the equine infectious anemia virus long terminal repeat. Sherman L; Gazit A; Yaniv A; Kawakami T; Dahlberg JE; Tronick SR J Virol 62: 120-6 (1988) We used the Escherichia coli chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) to study sequences that influence expression of the equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) genome. The EIAV long terminal repea88062973 appR gene product activates transcription of microcin C7 plasmid genes. Diaz-Guerra L; Moreno F; San Millan JL J Bacteriol 171: 2906-8 (1989) Microcin C7 (MccC7) is encoded by Escherichia coli plasmid pMccC7. However, some strains of E. coli K-12 carrying this plasmid do not produce this antibiotic. Here we show that these strains differ in89213992 Transcription of yeast COX6, the gene for cytochrome c oxidase subunit VI, is dependent on heme and on the HAP2 gene. Trawick JD; Wright RM; Poyton RO J Biol Chem 264: 7005-8 (1989) The COX6 gene encodes subunit VI of cytochrome c oxidase. Previously, this gene and its mRNAs were characterized, and its expression has been shown to be subject to glucose repression/derepression. In89214121 Organization of the transcriptional control region of the E1b gene of adenovirus type 5. Parks CL; Banerjee S; Spector DJ J Virol 62: 54-67 (1988) Genetic analysis of the transcriptional control sequences of the E1b gene of adenovirus type 5 identified two regions that stimulated specific transcription by whole cell extracts from uninfected cell88063010 Double negative and positive control of tsx expression in Escherichia coli. Bremer E; Gerlach P; Middendorf A J Bacteriol 170: 108-16 (1988) The Escherichia coli tsx gene encodes an outer membrane protein that is involved in nucleoside uptake and serves as the receptor protein for colicin K and several bacteriophages. Regulation of its exp88086854 The yeast H+-ATPase gene is controlled by the promoter binding factor TUF. Capieaux E; Vignais ML; Sentenac A; Goffeau A J Biol Chem 264: 7437-46 (1989) The H+-ATPase, located in the yeast plasma membrane and encoded by the PMA1 gene, provides energy for the active transport of nutrients and regulates intracellular pH. Expression of the PMA1 gene is e89214186 Transcriptional activation of homologous viral long terminal repeats by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or the human T-cell leukemia virus type I tat proteins occurs in the absence of de novo Jeang KT; Shank PR; Kumar A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 8291-5 (1988) The genomes of human retroviruses [human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I)] encode positive trans-activator proteins, named tat. In the presence of tat, th89042171 Structural and functional characterization of the short acidic transcriptional activation region of yeast GCN4 protein. Hope IA; Mahadevan S; Struhl K Nature 333: 635-40 (1988) Derivatives of the yeast GCN4 transcription factor containing acidic regions of 35 to 40 amino acids fused directly to the DNA-binding domain are fully functional in vivo. High resolution deletion ana88232957 Isolation and characterization of a Neurospora glucose-repressible gene. McNally MT; Free SJ Curr Genet 14: 545-51 (1988) Using differential hybridization, the cDNA copy of a Neurospora gene coding for an abundant glucose-repressible mRNA (grg-1) has been isolated. The cDNA was used to clone the genomic copy, and both we89208878 Mutations in RNA polymerase II enhance or suppress mutations in GAL4. Allison LA; Ingles CJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 2794-8 (1989) The activation domains of eukaryotic DNA-binding transcription factors, such as GAL4, may regulate transcription by contacting RNA polymerase II. One potential site on RNA polymerase II for such inter89202412 Transcription attenuation. Yanofsky C J Biol Chem 263: 609-12 (1988) Prokaryotic transcription attenuation mechanisms are described in which different metabolic signals and sensing events are used to regulate transcription termination at sites preceding structural gene88087172 Interferon-induced nuclear factors that bind a shared promoter element correlate with positive and negative transcriptional control. Levy DE; Kessler DS; Pine R; Reich N; Darnell JE Jr Genes Dev 2: 383-93 (1988) Human alpha- and beta-interferons (IFNs) stimulate rapid but transient increases in transcription from a set of previously quiescent genes. Protein synthesis is not required for initial stimulation, b88225995 Two blocks in Moloney murine leukemia virus expression in undifferentiated F9 embryonal carcinoma cells as determined by transient expression assays. Feuer G; Taketo M; Hanecak RC; Fan H J Virol 63: 2317-24 (1989) Transient expression assays were used to investigate the restriction of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MoMuLV) expression in undifferentiated mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. We previously rep89199790 The adenovirus EIIA enhancer. Analysis of regulatory sequences and changes in binding activity of ATF and EIIF following adenovirus infection. Loeken MR; Brady J J Biol Chem 264: 6572-9 (1989) Adenovirus EIIA upstream sequences which contain the binding sites for proteins ATF and EIIF act as an enhancer and can be trans-activated by both E1A and SV40 T/t-antigens. Specific mutation of eithe89197969 DNA affinity labeling of adenovirus type 2 upstream promoter sequence-binding factors identifies two distinct proteins. Safer B; Cohen RB; Garfinkel S; Thompson JA Mol Cell Biol 8: 105-13 (1988) A rapid affinity labeling procedure with enhanced specificity was developed to identify DNA-binding proteins. 32P was first introduced at unique phosphodiester bonds within the DNA recognition sequenc88094375 The Drosophila posterior-group gene nanos functions by repressing hunchback activity. Irish V; Lehmann R; Akam M Nature 338: 646-8 (1989) The development of the body plan in the Drosophila embryo depends on the activity of maternal determinants localized at the anterior and posterior of the egg. These activities define both the polarity89201354 Identification of a DNA segment that is necessary and sufficient for alpha-specific gene control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: implications for regulation of alpha-specific and a-specific genes. Jarvis EE; Hagen DC; Sprague GF Jr Mol Cell Biol 8: 309-20 (1988) STE3 mRNA is present only in Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha cells, not in a or a/alpha cells, and the transcript level increases about fivefold when cells are treated with a-factor mating pheromone. D88094401 Multiple states of protein-DNA interaction in the assembly of transcription complexes on Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5S ribosomal RNA genes. Braun BR; Riggs DL; Kassavetis GA; Geiduschek EP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 2530-4 (1989) Multiple stages of protein-DNA interaction in the assembly of RNA polymerase III transcription complexes on a Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5S rRNA gene have been distinguished by DNase I "footprinting" an89202362 Zeste encodes a sequence-specific transcription factor that activates the Ultrabithorax promoter in vitro. Biggin MD; Bickel S; Benson M; Pirrotta V; Tjian R Cell 53: 713-22 (1988) Zeste is a Drosophila regulatory gene that is required for transvection at the bithorax complex. Here we find that purified zeste protein binds to multiple sites just 5' of the initiation site of Ubx 88223365 A protein-protein interaction is essential for stable complex formation on a 5 S RNA gene. Hayes J; Tullius TD; Wolffe AP J Biol Chem 264: 6009-12 (1989) Stable complex formation on a Xenopus somatic 5 S RNA gene requires protein-protein interactions between the non-DNA binding domain of transcription factor (TF) IIIA and activities in a TFIIIC fractio89197885 Novel region within the V kappa gene promoter is responsible for tissue and stage-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes in human lymphoid neoplasms. Kossakowska AE; Urbanski SJ Immunology 66: 328-34 (1989) Immunoglobulin gene-specific transacting factors have been shown to play a role in lymphoid tissue-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes. The role of these factors in B-cell differentiation and 89197277 Transcription factors mediate rRNA synthesis during myogenesis. Zahradka P; Sells BH Eur J Biochem 171: 37-43 (1988) This study was designed to identify factors which control rRNA transcription during terminal differentiation of rat L6 myoblasts. A cell-free system using 100,000 x g supernatants (S100 extracts) from88111696 The Bacillus subtilis spoIIG operon encodes both sigma E and a gene necessary for sigma E activation. Jonas RM; Weaver EA; Kenney TJ; Moran CP Jr; Haldenwang WG J Bacteriol 170: 507-11 (1988) A sporulation-specific sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis (sigma E) is formed by a proteolytic activation of a precursor protein (P31). Synthesis of the precursor protein is shown to be abolished in B.88115140 Tumor necrosis factor alpha induces proteins that bind specifically to kappa B-like enhancer elements and regulate interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain gene expression in primary human T lymphocytes. Lowenthal JW; Ballard DW; Bohnlein E; Greene WC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 2331-5 (1989) We have investigated the biochemical basis for the activation of interleukin 2 receptor alpha-subunit (IL-2R alpha) gene expression in primary human T lymphocytes by a cytokine (tumor necrosis factor 89184620 An N-terminal domain of the tetracycline resistance protein increases susceptibility to aminoglycosides and complements potassium uptake defects in Escherichia coli. Griffith JK; Kogoma T; Corvo DL; Anderson WL; Kazim AL J Bacteriol 170: 598-604 (1988) Expression of extrachromosomal tet genes increased the susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria to specific aminoglycoside antibiotics. The magnitude of the increase in susceptibility was dependent on88115154 gltBDF operon of Escherichia coli. Castano I; Bastarrachea F; Covarrubias AA J Bacteriol 170: 821-7 (1988) A 2.0-kilobase DNA fragment carrying antibiotic resistance markers was inserted into the gltB gene of Escherichia coli previously cloned in a multicopy plasmid. Replacement of the chromosomal gltB+ ge88115186 nusA amber mutation that causes temperature-sensitive growth of Escherichia coli. Tsugawa A; Saito M; Court DL; Nakamura Y J Bacteriol 170: 908-15 (1988) The nusA134 mutation was isolated from a sup0 strain as a temperature-sensitive mutant which grew at 32 degrees C but not at 42 degrees C. Immunoblot analysis showed that this mutant produced a 31,00088115199 Promoter specificity and modulation of RNA polymerase II transcription. Saltzman AG; Weinmann R FASEB J 3: 1723-33 (1989) RNA polymerase II is a multisubunit enzyme involved in the transcription of protein encoding genes. Recently acquired knowledge of the transcription process and of the RNA polymerase molecule as well 89196801 Enhancers and transcription factors in the control of gene expression. Wasylyk B Biochim Biophys Acta 951: 17-35 (1988) 89051007 Identification of a DNA binding factor involved in cell-cycle control of the yeast HO gene. Andrews BJ; Herskowitz I Cell 57: 21-9 (1989) Transcription of the HO gene is controlled by at least eleven trans-acting regulators, which are responsible for limiting expression to mother cells and to one period in the cell cycle. A subset of th89195218 Physical and functional domains of the herpes simplex virus transcriptional regulatory protein ICP4. DeLuca NA; Schaffer PA J Virol 62: 732-43 (1988) A characteristic common to DNA animal viruses is the expression early in infection of viral proteins that act in trans to regulate subsequent RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription of the remainder88119208 [Amino acid substitutions in the beta-subunit of RNA-polymerase from E. coli compensating for mutation-induced damage of the rho termination factors] Ogryz'ko EP; Nikiforov VG; Borodin AM; Danilkovich AV; Monastyrskaia GS Bioorg Khim 14: 963-4 (1988) Ts-phenotype of the E. coli rho-factor mutant rho 15 is suppressed by two rifampicin-resistance mutations, rhoB1019 resulting in a single amino acid substitution Val146----Phe and rhoB268 resulting in89050345 Regulation of transcription. Fraudulent promotion [news] [published erratum appears in Nature 1988 Apr 7;332(6164):487] Short NJ Nature 331: 393-4 (1988) 88122610 Structural determinant of the species-specific transcription of the mouse rRNA gene promoter. Safrany G; Tanaka N; Kishimoto T; Ishikawa Y; Kato H; Kominami R; Muramatsu M Mol Cell Biol 9: 349-53 (1989) Mammalian ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription has a certain species specificity such that, both in vivo and in vitro, human rDNA cannot be transcribed by mouse machinery and vice versa. This is due to 89181593 Multiple and cooperative trans-activation domains of the human glucocorticoid receptor. Hollenberg SM; Evans RM Cell 55: 899-906 (1988) A 30 amino acid peptide (referred to as tau 2) that functions as an activation domain has been localized in the carboxyl terminus of the human glucocorticoid receptor. This sequence, when fused to yea89051879 The general control activator protein GCN4 is essential for a basal level of ARO3 gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Paravicini G; Mosch HU; Schmidheini T; Braus G Mol Cell Biol 9: 144-51 (1989) The ARO3 gene encodes one of two 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate isoenzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalyzing the first step in the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. The ARO3-enco89181563 Association of herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP4 with sequences spanning the ICP4 gene transcription initiation site. Faber SW; Wilcox KW Nucleic Acids Res 16: 555-70 (1988) The HSV gene encoding ICP4 is negatively regulated and the HSV gene encoding thymidine kinase is positively regulated by ICP4 in vivo. We report that ICP4 is a component of a stable complex that conta88124254 Stability of transcription complexes on class II genes. Van Dyke MW; Sawadogo M; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 9: 342-4 (1989) Commitment of a TATA box-driven class II gene to transcription requires binding of only one transcription factor, TFIID. Additional factors (TFIIB, TFIIE, and RNA polymerase II) do not remain associat89181591 The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BZLF1 immediate-early gene product differentially affects latent versus productive EBV promoters. Kenney S; Kamine J; Holley-Guthrie E; Lin JC; Mar EC; Pagano J J Virol 63: 1729-36 (1989) The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BZLF1 gene product is thought to mediate the disruption of latent EBV infection. We have examined the regulatory effects of BZLF1 by studying its transactivating effects o89178860 A 13 bp palindrome is a functional estrogen responsive element and interacts specifically with estrogen receptor. Klein-Hitpass L; Ryffel GU; Heitlinger E; Cato AC Nucleic Acids Res 16: 647-63 (1988) Sequences located upstream of the transcription initiation site of the Xenopus vitellogenin A2 (vit A2) gene contain a hormone dependent enhancer that confers estrogen control to the heterologous thym88124259 c-Jun dimerizes with itself and with c-Fos, forming complexes of different DNA binding affinities. Halazonetis TD; Georgopoulos K; Greenberg ME; Leder P Cell 55: 917-24 (1988) The c-Jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes encode proteins that form a complex which regulates transcription from promoters containing AP-1 activation elements. c-Jun has specific DNA binding activity, while89051881 Use of recombinant retroviruses to study the regulation of integrated adenovirus early promoters. Strair RK; Miller JS; Roberts BE J Virol 62: 2143-9 (1988) Adenovirus E1A gene products are capable of modulating the expression of a variety of integrated genes. To study the mechanisms by which this regulation occurs, recombinant retroviruses have been util88215045 jun-D: a third member of the jun gene family. Ryder K; Lanahan A; Perez-Albuerne E; Nathans D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 1500-3 (1989) The protooncogene c-jun encodes a component of the transcription factor AP-1. Both murine c-jun and a related gene (jun-B) are rapidly activated in BALB/c3T3 cells by serum growth factors. We report h89160806 Liver cell specific gene transcription in vitro: the promoter elements HP1 and TATA box are necessary and sufficient to generate a liver-specific promoter. Ryffel GU; Kugler W; Wagner U; Kaling M Nucleic Acids Res 17: 939-53 (1989) The hepatocyte-specific promoter element HP1, which is present in several genes specifically expressed in the liver, is active in an in vitro transcription system. The liver-specificity is retained in89160291 Cis- and trans-acting factors for transcription of the adenovirus 12 E1A gene. Shibata H; Zheng JH; Koikeda S; Masamune Y; Nakanishi Y Biochim Biophys Acta 1007: 184-91 (1989) Cis- and trans-acting factors were analyzed for transcription of the adenovirus 12 E1A gene possessing two sites for transcription initiation. These sites are located at nucleotide positions 306 and 489150250 The human cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter can be trans-activated by adenovirus early proteins. Gorman CM; Gies D; McCray G; Huang M Virology 171: 377-85 (1989) We have examined the effect of adenovirus E1 proteins on expression from the immediate early (IE) region of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The major immediate early promoter, responsive to trans-ac89347994 Characterization of rat T cell precursors sorted by chemotactic migration toward thymotaxin. Deugnier MA; Imhof BA; Bauvois B; Dunon D; Denoyelle M; Thiery JP Cell 56: 1073-83 (1989) An established rat thymic cell line secretes a peptide in the 11 kd range called thymotaxin that attracts a small subset of juvenile rat bone marrow cells via a chemotactic mechanism. The selected cel89168436 Dynamics of repressor-operator recognition: the Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance control. Kleinschmidt C; Tovar K; Hillen W; Porschke D Biochemistry 27: 1094-104 (1988) Binding of the Tet repressor to nonspecific and specific DNA leads to quenching of the Tet fluorescence by approximately 22% and approximately 35%, respectively. This effect is used for a direct, quan88209459 Prolonged activation of jun and collagenase genes by tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Brenner DA; O'Hara M; Angel P; Chojkier M; Karin M Nature 337: 661-3 (1989) Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is secreted by macrophages in response to inflammation, infection and cancer. Sublethal doses of recombinant TNF-alpha to rats causes cachexia, anaemia and inf89143726 Transcriptional regulation of proto-oncogene expression by epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor beta 1, and triiodothyronine in MDA-468 cells. Fernandez-Pol JA; Hamilton PD; Klos DJ J Biol Chem 264: 4151-6 (1989) We have examined the epidermal growth factor (EGF) dependence of the transcription of different proto-oncogenes, using cultured human mammary carcinoma MDA-468 cells and a nuclear run-on transcription89139488 Secondary sigma factor controls transcription of flagellar and chemotaxis genes in Escherichia coli. Arnosti DN; Chamberlin MJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 830-4 (1989) The genes specifying chemotaxis, motility, and flagellar function in Escherichia coli are coordinately regulated and form a large and complex regulon. Despite the importance of these genes in controll89128871 Transcriptional activation of Xenopus class III genes in chromatin isolated from sperm and somatic nuclei. Wolffe AP Nucleic Acids Res 17: 767-80 (1989) Xenopus sperm chromatin lacks class III transcription complexes and somatic histone H1. Inactive class III genes in sperm chromatin are easily programmed with transcription complexes de novo and trans89128445 Genetic evidence for the existence of a repressor that modulates colicin D expression on plasmid ColD-CA23. Ghersa P; Lurz R; Dobrinski B; Deshusses J; Belet M; Frey J Mol Gen Genet 213: 36-41 (1988) The plasmid ColD-CA23, a high copy number plasmid of 5.12 kb, contains genes for colicin D (cda), for immunity colicin D (cdi), and for a lysis function (cdl). These genes are arranged on a contiguous89127143 Cloning and expression of AP-2, a cell-type-specific transcription factor that activates inducible enhancer elements. Williams T; Admon A; Luscher B; Tjian R Genes Dev 2: 1557-69 (1988) Human AP-2 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts with inducible viral and cellular enhancer elements to stimulate transcription of selected genes. Here, we report the isolation and89107991 Retroregulation of the synthesis of ribosomal proteins L14 and L24 by feedback repressor S8 in Escherichia coli. Mattheakis L; Vu L; Sor F; Nomura M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 448-52 (1989) Previous studies on regulation of the spc operon containing genes for ribosomal proteins have shown that S8, encoded by the fifth gene of the operon in Escherichia coli, is a translational repressor a89098950 Enhancer binding factors AP-4 and AP-1 act in concert to activate SV40 late transcription in vitro. Mermod N; Williams TJ; Tjian R Nature 332: 557-61 (1988) The simian virus 40 (SV40) transcriptional enhancer is composed of multiple cis-acting DNA sequence motifs, each individually having a two- to fourfold effect on the efficiency of transcription. When 88189275 The MerR heavy metal receptor mediates positive activation in a topologically novel transcription complex. O'Halloran TV; Frantz B; Shin MK; Ralston DM; Wright JG Cell 56: 119-29 (1989) Several physical and chemical signals from the extracellular environment are known to be transduced into changes in gene expression through multiple step pathways; however, mechanisms for triggering c89089751 [Eukaryotic gene expression: regulation of transcription] Blomhoff HK Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 108: 2499-501 (1988) 89084965 The structure of nucleosomal core particles within transcribed and repressed gene regions. Studitsky VM; Belyavsky AV; Melnikova AF; Mirzabekov AD Nucleic Acids Res 16: 11187-205 (1988) The arrangement of histones along DNA in nucleosomal core particles within transcribed heat shock gene (hsp 70) region and repressed insertion within ribosomal genes of Drosophila was analysed by usin89083555 Function of a bacterial activator protein that binds to transcriptional enhancers. Popham DL; Szeto D; Keener J; Kustu S Science 243: 629-35 (1989) The nitrogen regulatory (NtrC) protein of enteric bacteria, which binds to sites that have the properties of transcriptional enhancers, is known to activate transcription by a form of RNA polymerase t89130127 Functional cooperativity between protein molecules bound at two distinct sequence elements of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter. Poellinger L; Yoza BK; Roeder RG Nature 337: 573-6 (1989) Immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene promoters contain two conserved upstream sequence elements, octamer and heptamer, both of which are required for normal cell type-specific promoter function in vivo. Th89127524 Interaction of a putative repressor protein with an extended control region of the Bacillus subtilis pur operon. Ebbole DJ; Zalkin H J Biol Chem 264: 3553-61 (1989) Transcription of the Bacillus subtilis pur operon is regulated independently by adenine and guanine levels in the growth medium. Transcription initiation is regulated by adenine, transcription attenua89123489 The major late promoter of adenovirus-2 is accurately transcribed by RNA polymerases IIO, IIA, and IIB. Kim WY; Dahmus ME J Biol Chem 264: 3169-76 (1989) Subunit IIa of mammalian RNA polymerase II contains at its C terminus 52 tandem repeats of the consensus sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser. 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McSwiggen JA; Bear DG; von Hippel PH J Mol Biol 199: 609-22 (1988) In this paper we examine the binding of Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho to single-stranded RNA. Random polyribonucleotide copolymers containing low ratios of the fluorescent base88172507 In vitro use of monoclonal antibodies in Escherichia coli S-30 extracts to determine the RNA polymerase sigma subunit required by a promoter. Jovanovich SB; Lesley SA; Burgess RR J Biol Chem 264: 3794-8 (1989) RNA polymerase requires one of a family of sigma subunits for specific promoter recognition and initiation. We have developed an in vitro method to define the RNA polymerase sigma subunit required by 89139432 NusA protein is necessary and sufficient in vitro for phage lambda N gene product to suppress a rho-independent terminator placed downstream of nutL. Whalen W; Ghosh B; Das A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2494-8 (1988) Transcription antitermination by phage lambda N protein is reproduced in vitro solely with purified components. We have placed a strong rho-independent terminator, lambda tR', in the PL operon about 288190098 Switch protein alters specificity of RNA polymerase containing a compartment-specific sigma factor. Kroos L; Kunkel B; Losick R Science 243: 526-9 (1989) During sporulation in Bacillus subtilis, expression of developmental genes spoIVCB and cotD is induced in the mother cell compartment of the sporangium at morphological stages IV and V, respectively. 89100301 E2 polypeptides encoded by bovine papillomavirus type 1 form dimers through the common carboxyl-terminal domain: transactivation is mediated by the conserved amino-terminal domain. McBride AA; Byrne JC; Howley PM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 510-4 (1989) The E2 open reading frame (ORF) of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) encodes positive- and negative-acting factors that regulate viral gene expression. The full-length ORF encodes a transactivator,89098963 Enhancer of human polyoma JC virus contains nuclear factor I-binding sequences; analysis using mouse brain nuclear extracts. Tamura T; Inoue T; Nagata K; Mikoshiba K Biochem Biophys Res Commun 157: 419-25 (1988) Neurotrophic human JC virus carries a 98 bp duplicate enhancer responsible for tissue-specific gene expression. DNase I footprinting studies using mouse brain nuclear extracts revealed weak (pseudo NF89076264 Developmental and tissue-specific expression of nuclear proteins that bind the regulatory element of the major histocompatibility complex class I gene. Burke PA; Hirschfeld S; Shirayoshi Y; Kasik JW; Hamada K; Appella E; Ozato K J Exp Med 169: 1309-21 (1989) Expression of MHC class I genes varies according to developmental stage and type of tissues. To study the basis of class I gene regulation in tissues in vivo, we examined binding of nuclear proteins t89176887 Interaction of tRNA transcription factors with satellite I DNA from Xenopus laevis. Engelke DR Gene 62: 323-30 (1988) A cloned repeat of Xenopus laevis satellite I DNA was tested for the ability to form stable complexes with tRNA transcription factors in vitro. In template exclusion studies, the satellite I DNA compe88212187 DNA sequence analysis suggests that expression of flagellar and chemotaxis genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium is controlled by an alternative sigma factor. Helmann JD; Chamberlin MJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6422-4 (1987) Biosynthesis of bacterial flagella involves the coordinated expression of 30 or more genes in several separate operons. We have recently shown that in Bacillus subtilis, the sigma 28 factor is essenti87317664 Two promoter-specific host factors interact with adjacent sequences in an EIA-inducible adenovirus promoter. SivaRaman L; Thimmappaya B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6112-6 (1987) We previously reported the identification of a host factor (EIIA-EF) specific for an upstream transcriptional control sequence (-82 to -66) of the EIA-inducible adenovirus EIIA early promoter. The lev87317605 Nucleotide sequencing of the ruv region of Escherichia coli K-12 reveals a LexA regulated operon encoding two genes. Benson FE; Illing GT; Sharples GJ; Lloyd RG Nucleic Acids Res 16: 1541-9 (1988) The nucleotide sequence of a 2505 bp region of the Escherichia coli chromosome containing the LexA regulated ruv gene has been determined. A sequence of 1631 bp encoding two non-overlapping open readi88157713 Early promoter-binding factor from vaccinia virions. Yuen L; Davison AJ; Moss B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6069-73 (1987) A factor, present in transcriptionally active extracts prepared from purified vaccinia virus particles, binds to vaccinia early promoter sequences. The specificity of binding was demonstrated by elect87317596 A multiplicity of CCAAT box-binding proteins. Dorn A; Bollekens J; Staub A; Benoist C; Mathis D Cell 50: 863-72 (1987) NF-Y is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that recognizes the Y box, a promoter element common to all major histocompatibility complex class II genes. Since the 14-base Y element harbors a CCAAT87301730 Multiple repressor binding sites in the genome of bacteriophage P1. Velleman M; Dreiseikelmann B; Schuster H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 5570-4 (1987) After digestion of bacteriophage P1 DNA with EcoRI in the presence of P1 repressor, 6 repressor binding sites were identified in 5 of 26 EcoRI fragments. Binding sites were localized by the decreased 87289646 Nucleotide sequence of the kanamycin resistance determinant of the pneumococcal transposon Tn1545: evolutionary relationships and transcriptional analysis of aphA-3 genes. Caillaud F; Trieu-Cuot P; Carlier C; Courvalin P Mol Gen Genet 207: 509-13 (1987) The nucleotide sequence of the kanamycin resistance determinant aphA-3 encoded by transposon Tn1545 from Streptococcus pneumoniae was determined and compared to those of plasmids pJH1 and pIP1433 from87286391 [The srm mutations which reduce mitochondrial rho-mutability affect the stability of ring minichromosomes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae] Peshekhonov VT; Chepurnaia OV; Devin AB Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 295: 1476-9 (1987) 88054520 Differential regulation of a Thy-1 gene in transgenic mice. Kollias G; Spanopoulou E; Grosveld F; Ritter M; Beech J; Morris R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 1492-6 (1987) We have generated Thy-1.1-transgenic Thy-1.2 mice to study the developmental expression of the Thy-1 gene in detail by transcriptional and immunological methods. In brain, the expression of the inject87175505 Cloning in Escherichia coli of a Bacillus subtilis arginine repressor gene through its ability to confer structural stability on a fragment carrying genes of arginine biosynthesis. Smith MC; Mountain A; Baumberg S Mol Gen Genet 205: 176-82 (1986) The structural stability of a previously isolated recombinant plasmid pUL720 was examined. pUL720 contains an insert in pBR322 of 23.8 kbp comprising 4 EcoR1 fragments of sizes 12 kbp and 6 kbp, both 87089085 The induction of the human T-cell growth factor receptor precedes the production of RNA and occurs in the presence of inhibitors of RNA synthesis. Redelman D; Wormsley S Cytometry 7: 453-62 (1986) The receptor for T-cell growth factor (TCGF) is an activation antigen that is present in low amounts on a small fraction of resting T lymphocytes. The TCGF receptor on human T cells can be detected wi87003916 Interaction of a common factor with conserved promoter and enhancer sequences in histone H2B, immunoglobulin, and U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. Sive HL; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 6382-6 (1986) We have examined the interaction of factors in HeLa cell nuclear extracts with a human histone H2B gene (H2B) promoter. Protein-DNA mobility-shift and DNase I protection assays detected a factor(s) bi86313585 Cell-specific activity of the constituent elements of the simian virus 40 enhancer. Nomiyama H; Fromental C; Xiao JH; Chambon P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 7881-5 (1987) We have compared the activation of transcription from the early promoter of simian virus 40 brought about by the enhancer during transient expression in several cell lines. The enhancer stimulated RNA88068502 Characterization of trans-acting factor(s) regulating beta-globin gene expression by in vivo competition. Takada S; Obinata M Cell Differ 21: 111-8 (1987) A beta-globin/TK fusion gene was microinjected into non-erythroid cells (Ltk- cells) and erythroid cells (murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells), and the interactions of the regulatory cellular factors w88002335 Molecular study of the retrovirus-like transposable element 412, a 20-OH ecdysone responsive repetitive sequence in Drosophila cultured cells. Micard D; Couderc JL; Sobrier ML; Giraud G; Dastugue B Nucleic Acids Res 16: 455-70 (1988) Used at a physiological concentration, the steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-OHE) induces, in Kc cultured Drosophila melanogaster cells, important and specific changes. Modifications occur at mor88124248 [cAMP acceptor protein of Escherichia coli K-12 may be the repressor of the late promoter of bacteriophage lambda] Gol'denberg DS Genetika 23: 1360-5 (1987) By computer analysis of the lambda phage DNA putative cAMP-CAP binding site has been found. This site (44506-AcgTGTGAccgcatTCAAAaT-44486) is located 40 bp upstream to the late PR' promoter. The sequen88030660 Control of A-system amino acid transport by a second regulatory gene R2 in Chinese hamster ovary cells CHO-K1 and the possible connection of this gene with insulin activity. Moffett J; Perier F; Jones M; Englesberg E Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8040-3 (1987) Evidence based on a study of alanine-resistant (Alar), constitutive mutants of CHO-K1 cells and the conditions that favor stimulation of the A system of amino acid activity supports the model that the88068531 Overexpression and DNA-binding properties of the mer-encoded regulatory protein from plasmid NR1 (Tn21). Heltzel A; Gambill D; Jackson WJ; Totis PA; Summers AO J Bacteriol 169: 3379-84 (1987) In plasmid NR1 the expression of genes involved in mercury resistance (Tn21) is regulated by the trans-acting product of the merR gene. An in vivo T7 RNA polymerase-promoter overexpression system was 87250316 Activities of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP4 genes specifying nonsense peptides. DeLuca NA; Schaffer PA Nucleic Acids Res 15: 4491-511 (1987) Synthetic oligonucleotide linkers containing translational termination codons in all possible reading frames were inserted at various positions in the cloned gene encoding the herpes simplex virus typ87231030 Correlation between the 32-kDa sigma factor levels and in vitro expression of Escherichia coli heat shock genes. Skelly S; Coleman T; Fu CF; Brot N; Weissbach H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8365-9 (1987) S-30 extracts from Escherichia coli cells were used to express heat shock (HS) and non-HS genes in vitro in a DNA-directed protein synthesis system. The S-30 extracts prepared from cells that have bee88068595 The 65,000-Mr DNA-binding and virion trans-inducing proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1. Marsden HS; Campbell ME; Haarr L; Frame MC; Parris DS; Murphy M; Hope RG; Muller MT; Preston CM J Virol 61: 2428-37 (1987) The possible identity of the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) 65K (65,000-Mr) virion protein which stimulates transcription from immediate-early genes with the HSV-1 65K DNA-binding protein was inv87254419 Hydroxyl radical "footprinting": high-resolution information about DNA-protein contacts and application to lambda repressor and Cro protein. Tullius TD; Dombroski BA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 5469-73 (1986) A method has been developed for making "footprints" of proteins bound to DNA. The hydroxyl radical, generated by reduction of hydrogen peroxide by iron(II), is the reagent used to cut the DNA. Hydroxy86287280 Early replication and expression of oocyte-type 5S RNA genes in a Xenopus somatic cell line carrying a translocation. Guinta DR; Tso JY; Narayanswami S; Hamkalo BA; Korn LJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 5150-4 (1986) In Xenopus somatic cells, the somatic-type 5S RNA genes replicate early in S phase, bind the transcription factor TFIIIA, and are expressed; in contrast, the late replicating oocyte-type genes do not 86259749 DNA-binding site of major regulatory protein alpha 4 specifically associated with promoter-regulatory domains of alpha genes of herpes simplex virus type 1. Kristie TM; Roizman B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 4700-4 (1986) Herpes simplex virus type 1 genes form at least five groups (alpha, beta 1, beta 2, gamma 1, and gamma 2) whose expression is coordinately regulated and sequentially ordered in a cascade fashion. Prev86259665 Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III shares sequence homology with a family of pathogenic lentiviruses. Gonda MA; Braun MJ; Clements JE; Pyper JM; Wong-Staal F; Gallo RC; Gilden RV Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 4007-11 (1986) The etiologic agent of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III), has recently been shown to morphologically resemble and share sequence homology wit86233362 Synthesis in Escherichia coli of the HTLV-I trans-acting protein p40x. Sanchez A; Richardson MA; Yoshida M; Furuichi Y Virology 161: 555-60 (1987) The pX gene of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) encodes a protein that activates the expression of viral genes in trans. Plasmid constructs designed to express the pX gene under the control88072097 Sequential expression of protooncogenes during lectin-stimulated mitogenesis of normal human lymphocytes. Reed JC; Alpers JD; Nowell PC; Hoover RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3982-6 (1986) The proliferation of non-neoplastic T lymphocytes is regulated, in part, by the coordinated expression of genes encoding T-cell growth factor (interleukin 2, IL2), IL2 receptors (IL2R), and transferri86233357 Artificial combination of two cis-regulatory elements generates a unique pattern of expression in transgenic plants. Strittmatter G; Chua NH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8986-90 (1987) We show that a 36-base-pair-long upstream fragment from the soybean hsp17.3-B gene comprising two partly overlapping heat-shock element (HSE)-like sequences can confer heat inducibility to a reporter 88097413 Cell-lineage-specific expression of the mouse hsp68 gene during embryogenesis. Kothary R; Perry MD; Moran LA; Rossant J Dev Biol 121: 342-8 (1987) Transcription of the mouse hsp68 and hsc70 genes in embryonal carcinoma cells, various embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, and some adult tissues has been assessed using cloned probes to the mouse h87219431 Base substitution mutants of the lac operator: in vivo and in vitro affinities for lac repressor. Betz JL; Sasmor HM; Buck F; Insley MY; Caruthers MH Gene 50: 123-32 (1986) 16 single-site mutations and a 1-bp deletion in the lac operator have been cloned and examined with regard to repressor binding. A 13-bp, central 'core' operator sequence, bp 5-17 of the natural opera87219871 Transcription of interferon-stimulated genes is induced by adenovirus particles but is suppressed by E1A gene products. Reich N; Pine R; Levy D; Darnell JE Jr J Virol 62: 114-9 (1988) Interferon treatment of cell cultures results in the rapid transcriptional induction of a specific set of genes. In this paper we explore the effect of cellular infection by several adenoviruses, both88062971 Probing the structure of gal operator-repressor complexes. Conformation change in DNA. Majumdar A; Adhya S J Biol Chem 262: 13258-62 (1987) The gal operon is regulated by binding of Gal repressor to two operator loci, OE and OI, which are separated by 114 base pairs (bp). We have probed the actual operator DNA segments with and without Ga88007533 Inducible, receptor-dependent protein-DNA interactions at a dioxin-responsive transcriptional enhancer. Denison MS; Fisher JM; Whitlock JP Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2528-32 (1988) We have identified in mouse hepatoma cells a third cis-acting dioxin-responsive element (DRE) within the 5' flanking region of the cytochrome P1-450 gene, which is transcriptionally activated by 2,3,788190105 Transcript analysis of the plasmid R100 traJ and finP genes. Dempsey WB Mol Gen Genet 209: 533-44 (1987) Single-stranded RNA probes were used to study the regulation of plasmid transfer in the infectious antibiotic resistance plasmid R100. Transcription of the positive transfer control gene traJ of R100 88121682 Purified transcription factor AP-1 interacts with TPA-inducible enhancer elements. Lee W; Mitchell P; Tjian R Cell 49: 741-52 (1987) The enhancer-binding protein AP-1 has been purified to greater than 95% homogeneity from HeLa cells by sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography and identified as a 47 kd polypeptide. Purified AP-87215938 A block to elongation is largely responsible for decreased transcription of c-myc in differentiated HL60 cells. Bentley DL; Groudine M Nature 321: 702-6 (1986) The c-myc gene product is a nuclear protein expressed in a wide variety of cell types. It has been implicated in the control of normal cell growth as well as transformation, but its exact function is 86230934 Regulation of glycoprotein D synthesis: does alpha 4, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus 1, regulate late genes both positively and negatively? Arsenakis M; Campadelli-Fiume G; Roizman B J Virol 62: 148-58 (1988) Earlier studies have described the alpha 4/c113 baby hamster kidney cell line which constitutively expresses the alpha 4 protein, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). Introd88062977 Activation of DNA-binding activity in an apparently cytoplasmic precursor of the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Baeuerle PA; Baltimore D Cell 53: 211-7 (1988) In cells that do not express kappa immunoglobulin light chain genes, the kappa enhancer-binding protein NF-kappa B is not evident in either cytoplasmic or nuclear fractions. By denaturation, size frac88194520 Effect of non-contacted bases on the affinity of 434 operator for 434 repressor and Cro. Koudelka GB; Harrison SC; Ptashne M Nature 326: 886-8 (1987) The repressor of phage 434 binds to six operator sites on the phage chromosome. A comparison of the sequences of these 14-base-pair (bp) operator sites reveals a striking pattern: at five of the six s87201907 Alterations in binding characteristics of the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer factor. Wu F; Garcia J; Mitsuyasu R; Gaynor R J Virol 62: 218-25 (1988) Five regions of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) serve as binding sites for cellular proteins as demonstrated by DNase I footprinting. These include the negative regul88062987 A mutant LexA repressor harboring a cleavage motif cysteine-glycine remains inducible. Granger-Schnarr M; Oertel P; Schnarr M FEBS Lett 231: 437-9 (1988) Using site-directed mutagenesis of the lexA gene we have changed the amino acid Ala-84 of the LexA repressor for a cysteine. The reason for this change was the striking homology between LexA and UmuD 88196440 The qa repressor gene of Neurospora crassa: wild-type and mutant nucleotide sequences. Huiet L; Giles NH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3381-5 (1986) The qa-1S gene, one of two regulatory genes in the qa gene cluster of Neurospora crassa, encodes the qa repressor. The qa-1S gene together with the qa-1F gene, which encodes the qa activator protein, 86205901 Rapid response to osmotic upshift by osmoregulated genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. Jovanovich SB; Martinell M; Record MT Jr; Burgess RR J Bacteriol 170: 534-9 (1988) The rapid in vivo response of both Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium osmoregulated genes to an osmotic upshift was analyzed in detail by using chromosomal operon fusions. Within 10 min after88115144 Regulation of the aroH operon of Escherichia coli by the tryptophan repressor. Grove CL; Gunsalus RP J Bacteriol 169: 2158-64 (1987) Regulation of expression of aroH, the structural gene for the tryptophan-sensitive 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonic acid-7-phosphate synthetase, by the tryptophan repressor and its corepressor, L-tryptop87194602 Alpha 4, the major regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus type 1, is stably and specifically associated with promoter-regulatory domains of alpha genes and of selected other viral genes. Kristie TM; Roizman B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3218-22 (1986) Herpes simplex virus type 1 genes form at least five groups (alpha, beta 1, beta 2, gamma 1, and gamma 2) whose expression is coordinately regulated and sequentially ordered in a cascade fashion. Prev86205868 Microtubule-associated proteins present in different developmental stages of Drosophila melanogaster. Wandosell F; Avila J J Cell Biochem 35: 83-92 (1987) Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) have been isolated from different development stages of Drosophila melanogaster and characterized by their association to tubulin, but not to tubulin lacking its88115610 Gene control in broad host range plasmid RK2: expression, polypeptide product, and multiple regulatory functions of korB. Bechhofer DH; Kornacki JA; Firshein W; Figurski DH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 394-8 (1986) The korB gene of broad host-range plasmid RK2 prevents host-cell lethality by kilB and negatively controls RK2 replication. We precisely mapped the limits of korB to a region near korA, an autoregulat86094396 Isolation and analysis of arc repressor mutants: evidence for an unusual mechanism of DNA binding. Vershon AK; Bowie JU; Karplus TM; Sauer RT Proteins 1: 302-11 (1986) We have isolated 64 different missense mutations at 36 out of 53 residue positions in the Arc repressor of bacteriophage P22. Many of the mutant proteins with substitutions in the C-terminal 40 residu88217875 15N-labeled P22 c2 repressor for nuclear magnetic resonance studies of protein-DNA interactions. Senn H; Eugster A; Otting G; Suter F; Wuthrich K Eur Biophys J 14: 301-6 (1987) The salmonella phage P22 c2 repressor was produced with 90% 15N isotope labeling of all leucines, using the expression system E. coli W3110 lac IQP 125. The N-terminal DNA-binding domain 1-76 was obta87190207 Dimerization of the operator binding domain of phage lambda repressor. Weiss MA; Pabo CO; Karplus M; Sauer RT Biochemistry 26: 897-904 (1987) Dimerization of lambda repressor is required for its binding to operator DNA. As part of a continuing study of the structural basis of the coupling between dimer formation and operator binding, we hav87185383 Evidence for a contact between glutamine-18 of lac repressor and base pair 7 of lac operator. Ebright RH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 303-7 (1986) Glutamine-18 of the lac repressor (lacR) has been substituted by glycine, by serine, and by leucine. The specificities of wild-type lacR and of the three substituted lacR variants have been analyzed w86094379 H5 gene specific trans-activation by nuclear extracts from avian erythroid cells. Wigley PL; Wells JR Mol Cell Biol 7: 3853-6 (1987) Nuclear extracts from chicken erythroid cells selectively stimulate transcription of the chicken histone H5 gene (and not of other chicken histone genes) after coinjection into frog oocytes. This effe88065530 Trans-acting nuclear protein responsible for induction of rearranged human immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Maeda H; Kitamura D; Kudo A; Araki K; Watanabe T Cell 45: 25-33 (1986) A complete human gamma 1 heavy chain gene (HIG1) was transferred into mouse cells by protoplast fusion. The HIG1 gene was strongly expressed in mouse myeloma cells but not in mouse fibroblasts (L cell86161692 Sequence-specific interactions of nuclear factors with the insulin gene enhancer. Ohlsson H; Edlund T Cell 45: 35-44 (1986) Insulin 5'-flanking DNA contains two elements controlling cell-specific expression, one a cell-specific enhancer. We show that factors in nuclear extracts derived from an insulin-secreting cell line i86161694 Characterization of the binding sites of c1 repressor of bacteriophage P1. Evidence for multiple asymmetric sites. Eliason JL; Sternberg N J Mol Biol 198: 281-93 (1987) The repressor of bacteriophage P1, encoded by the c1 gene, is responsible for maintaining a P1 prophage in the lysogenic state. In this paper we present: (1) the sequence of the rightmost 943 base-pai88118929 Identification of a UV-induced trans-acting protein that stimulates polyomavirus DNA replication. Ronai ZA; Weinstein IB J Virol 62: 1057-60 (1988) Previous studies provided indirect evidence that the ability of a variety of DNA-damaging agents to induce asynchronous polyomavirus DNA replication in the H3 rat fibroblast cell line is mediated by a88119190 Control of ColE1 replication: low affinity specific binding of Rop (Rom) to RNAI and RNAII. Helmer-Citterich M; Anceschi MM; Banner DW; Cesareni G EMBO J 7: 557-66 (1988) We have studied the interactions between the three molecules Rop, RNAI and RNAII that are involved in the regulatory mechanism controlling the replication of ColE1 plasmids. We show that it is possibl88211570 Biological activities of oligonucleotides spanning the F9 point mutation within the enhancer region of polyomavirus DNA. Satake M; Furukawa K; Ito Y J Virol 62: 970-7 (1988) A mutant of polyomavirus, F441, selected to grow in undifferentiated mouse F9 embryonal carcinoma cells, carries a single-base change in the enhancer region at nucleotide (nt) 5233 of the viral genome88119238 The inducible lac operator-repressor system is functional for control of expression of injected DNA in Xenopus oocytes. Hu MC; Davidson N Gene 62: 301-13 (1988) We have investigated the use of the Escherichia coli lac operator-repressor system to regulate the expression of genes introduced by microinjection into Xenopus laevis oocytes. We observe that express88212185 Two target sites for protein binding in the promoter region of a cell cycle regulated human H1 histone gene. van Wijnen AJ; Wright KL; Massung RF; Gerretsen M; Stein JL; Stein GS Nucleic Acids Res 16: 571-92 (1988) The 5' region of a cell cycle regulated human H1 histone gene appears to contain at least six promoter DNA elements that are shared with some, but not all human core (H2A, H2B, H3 and H4) histone gene88124255 Cardiolipin activation of dnaA protein, the initiation protein of replication in Escherichia coli. Sekimizu K; Kornberg A J Biol Chem 263: 7131-5 (1988) ATP binding to dnaA protein is essential for its action in initiating the replication of plasmids that bear the unique origin of the Escherichia coli chromosome (oriC). ADP bound to that site renders 88213387 Interaction of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 transcriptional control protein with the viral enhancer: purification of the DNA-binding domain and analysis of its contact points with DNA. Moskaluk CA; Bastia D J Virol 62: 1925-31 (1988) The E2 gene of bovine papillomavirus type 1 positively and negatively regulates the transcriptional enhancer located in the long control region of the viral genome. The DNA-binding domain of the E2 ge88215019 Phage T4 DNA codes for two distinct 10-kDa proteins which strongly bind to RNA polymerase. Orsini G; Brody EN Virology 162: 397-405 (1988) Radioactive proteins have been synthesized in vitro from a coupled transcription-translation system primed with bacteriophage T4 DNA. The labeled proteins were chromatographed on RNA polymerase-Sephar88128557 Expression of simian virus 40 T antigen in Escherichia coli: localization of T-antigen origin DNA-binding domain to within 129 amino acids. Arthur AK; Hoss A; Fanning E J Virol 62: 1999-2006 (1988) The genomic coding sequence of the large T antigen of simian virus 40 (SV40) was cloned into an Escherichia coli expression vector by joining new restriction sites, BglII and BamHI, introduced at the 88215028 Mini-P1 plasmid replication: the autoregulation-sequestration paradox. Chattoraj DK; Mason RJ; Wickner SH Cell 52: 551-7 (1988) It has been proposed that the initiator protein RepA is rate limiting for mini-P1 plasmid replication, and that the role of the plasmid copy number control locus is to sequester the initiator and thus88135770 Binding of multiple factors to the MMTV promoter in crude and fractionated nuclear extracts. Cordingley MG; Hager GL Nucleic Acids Res 16: 609-28 (1988) Hormone activation of MMTV transcription results in the establishment of a tightly bound transcription factor complex at the promoter (Cordingley et al., Cell 48, 261-270, 1987). We have characterized88124257 Identification of sequence-specific DNA-binding factors by label transfer: application to the adenovirus-2 major late promoter. Nikolaev LG; Glotov BO; Belyavsky AV; Grachev SA; Levin AV Nucleic Acids Res 16: 519-35 (1988) A method of affinity labelling proteins specifically associated with DNA target sequences is proposed. The method utilizes covalent UV-crosslinking of proteins to highly labelled DNA (e.g. in crude ce88124252 Precise nucleosome positioning in the promoter of the chicken beta A globin gene. Kefalas P; Gray FC; Allan J Nucleic Acids Res 16: 501-17 (1988) Histone octamers were reconstituted onto 5' end-labelled DNA fragments derived from the promoter region of the chicken beta A globin gene. The location of the reconstituted histone octamer with respec88124251 Lac repressor-Lac operator complexes. Solution X-ray scattering and electrophoretic studies. Culard F; Charlier M; Maurizot JC; Tardieu A Eur Biophys J 14: 169-78 (1987) Complexes between the Lac repressor and a small DNA operator fragment (29 base pairs) were investigated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and solution X-ray scattering. Titration of the DNA fra87161691 Crystals of the trp repressor-operator complex suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis. Joachimiak A; Marmorstein RQ; Schevitz RW; Mandecki W; Fox JL; Sigler PB J Biol Chem 262: 4917-21 (1987) Crystals of a simulated trp repressor-operator complex have been grown that are large enough and are sufficiently well ordered and durable to provide a high quality molecular image of this regulatory 87165912 Specific interactions between transcription factors and the promoter-regulatory region of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early gene. Ghazal P; Lubon H; Hennighausen L J Virol 62: 1076-9 (1988) Repeat sequence motifs as well as unique sequences between nucleotides -150 and -22 of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early 1 gene interact in vitro with nuclear proteins. We show that a transcri88119194 Transient response of amplified metallothionein genes in CHO cells to induction by alpha interferon. Morris S; Huang PC Mol Cell Biol 7: 600-5 (1987) Alpha interferon treatment of CHO cells elicits the rapid synthesis of many gene products, including metallothionein (MT), a protein which avidly binds heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, and copper. 87144228 Inducible and constitutive enhancer domains in the noncoding region of human papillomavirus type 18. Gius D; Grossman S; Bedell MA; Laimins LA J Virol 62: 665-72 (1988) The noncoding region of human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) is shown to contain at least three enhancer elements. Two of these elements are responsive to papillomavirus-encoded trans-acting factors,88119200 Identification and characterization of two functional domains within the murine heavy-chain enhancer. Kiledjian M; Su LK; Kadesch T Mol Cell Biol 8: 145-52 (1988) We have investigated the effect of polymerizing defined segments of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer on the activity of a single, linked transcription unit. Transient assays in lymphoid cells h88094380 Interaction of a common cellular transcription factor, ATF, with regulatory elements in both E1a- and cyclic AMP-inducible promoters. Lin YS; Green MR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 3396-400 (1988) We have previously identified a cellular transcription factor, ATF, which is involved in the expression of multiple adenovirus E1a-inducible genes. Here we show that ATF also binds to regulatory eleme88217908 Both upstream and intron sequence elements are required for elevated expression of the rat somatic cytochrome c gene in COS-1 cells. Evans MJ; Scarpulla RC Mol Cell Biol 8: 35-41 (1988) To investigate the transcriptional control of nuclear-encoded respiratory genes in mammals, we have performed a deletional analysis of cis-acting regulatory sequences in the rat somatic cytochrome c g88094406 Use of vaccinia virus vectors to study the synthesis, intracellular localization, and action of the human immunodeficiency virus trans-activator protein. Falkner FG; Fuerst TR; Moss B Virology 164: 450-7 (1988) A recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) trans-activator (tat) gene was constructed. The tat polypeptide migrated anomalously with an apparent molecular mass 88219533 Similarity between the estrogen receptor and the DNA-binding domain of the tetracycline repressor. Baker ME Biochem Biophys Res Commun 150: 463-8 (1988) The amino-terminus region of tetracycline (tet) repressors contains a helix-turn-helix structure that binds to DNA. A computer-based comparison of a residues 18-61 of the tet repressor, which contains88106625 Temporal analysis of transcription and replication during acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Fuller-Pace FV; Southern PJ Virology 162: 260-3 (1988) We have analyzed the accumulation of viral genomic and messenger RNAs in tissue culture cells during the first 24 hr of acute infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). This has allowed88101377 The cell-specific enhancer of the mouse transthyretin (prealbumin) gene binds a common factor at one site and a liver-specific factor(s) at two other sites. Costa RH; Lai E; Grayson DR; Darnell JE Jr Mol Cell Biol 8: 81-90 (1988) We previously defined two distinct cell-specific DNA elements controlling the transient expression of the transthyretin gene in Hep G2 (human hepatoma) cells: a proximal promoter region (-202 base pai88094433 Effect of protein synthesis inhibition on gene expression during early development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Singleton CK; Manning SS; Feng Y Mol Cell Biol 8: 10-6 (1988) Several genes which are deactivated on the initiation of development of Dictyostelium discoideum were identified by differential screening of various cDNA libraries. These genes have in common a decre88094374 Late sigma factor of bacteriophage T4. Formation and properties of RNA polymerase-promoter complexes. Malik S; Goldfarb A J Biol Chem 263: 1174-81 (1988) Bacteriophage T4 late gene promoters do not display sequence homology in the -35 region (Christensen, A. C., and Young, E. T. (1982) Nature 299, 369-371), suggesting an unusual geometry of RNA polymer88087244 Identification of a repressor gene involved in the regulation of NAD de novo biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium. Zhu N; Olivera BM; Roth JR J Bacteriol 170: 117-25 (1988) Mutations at the nadI locus affect expression of the first two genes of NAD synthesis, nadA and nadB, which are unlinked. Genetic data imply that the regulatory effects of nadI mutations are not due t88086855 Stimulation by insulin of glucokinase gene transcription in liver of diabetic rats. Iynedjian PB; Gjinovci A; Renold AE J Biol Chem 263: 740-4 (1988) The purpose of this work was to investigate the molecular mechanism responsible for the induction of hepatic glucokinase in diabetic rats acutely treated with insulin. Experimental diabetes was provok88087193 DNA sequence of the D-serine deaminase activator gene dsdC. Palchaudhuri S; Patel V; McFall E J Bacteriol 170: 330-4 (1988) We have determined the DNA sequence of dsdC, the gene that encodes the D-serine deaminase activator protein of Escherichia coli K-12. The sequence contains a single open reading frame that terminates 88086890 The c4 gene of phage P1. Baumstark BR; Scott JR Virology 156: 197-203 (1987) The c4 gene of phage P1 has been localized to 335 bp of the P1EcoRI-9 fragment, within 50 bp of the EcoRI-9/14 junction. DNA sequence analysis of this fragment reveals a single open reading frame of 687122161 Transcriptional control of human cytochrome P1-450 gene expression by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in human tissue culture cell lines. Cresteil T; Jaiswal AK; Eisen HJ Arch Biochem Biophys 253: 233-40 (1987) 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity and human cytochrome P1-450 mRNA in the human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and hepatoblastoma HepG2 tissue cult87126853 Dissociation of the lactose repressor protein tetramer using high hydrostatic pressure. Royer CA; Weber G; Daly TJ; Matthews KS Biochemistry 25: 8308-15 (1986) Dissociation of lac repressor tetramer by high hydrostatic pressures was monitored with intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. With the assumption of complete dissociation to monomer, tryptophan polarizat87128932 Overproduction and rapid purification of the biotin operon repressor from Escherichia coli. Buoncristiani MR; Otsuka AJ J Biol Chem 263: 1013-6 (1988) The Escherichia coli biotin operon repressor protein (BirA) has been overexpressed at the level of 0.5-1% of the total cellular protein from the plasmid pMBR10. Four lines of evidence demonstrated tha88087161 Increased binding of operator DNA by trp superrepressor EK49. Klig LS; Yanofsky C J Biol Chem 263: 243-6 (1988) The mechanism of superrepression by the mutant trp repressor EK49 was examined. This superrepressor has a glutamic acid-to-lysine change at residue 49. The purified EK49 trp repressor was found to hav88087097 EnvZ functions through OmpR to control porin gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12. Slauch JM; Garrett S; Jackson DE; Silhavy TJ J Bacteriol 170: 439-41 (1988) The regulatory proteins OmpR and EnvZ are both required to activate expression of the genes for the major outer membrane porin proteins, OmpF and OmpC, of Escherichia coli K-12. Here we show that OmpR88086908 Tryptophan in alpha-helix 3 of Tet repressor forms a sequence-specific contact with tet operator in solution. Hansen D; Hillen W J Biol Chem 262: 12269-74 (1987) The Tn10-encoded Tet repressor contains two tryptophan residues at positions 43 and 75. The typical tryptophan fluorescence is decreased upon binding of tet operator. The Tet repressor gene was engine87308234 Tissue-specificity of liver gene expression: a common liver-specific promoter element. Kugler W; Wagner U; Ryffel GU Nucleic Acids Res 16: 3165-74 (1988) Several liver specific genes contain a sequence similar to the hepatocyte-specific promoter element (HP1) identified in the Xenopus albumin gene. By competition experiments in gel retardation assays w88233915 Structure and function in a Bacillus subtilis sporulation-specific sigma factor: molecular nature of mutations in spoIIAC. Yudkin MD J Gen Microbiol 133 ( Pt 3): 475-81 (1987) The spoIIAC gene was cloned from chromosomal DNA of seven spoIIAC mutants of Bacillus subtilis, and the complete sequence of the gene was determined for each mutant. Three of the mutants proved to hav88009869 [Possible approaches to an analysis of the heterogeneous response of the transcription complex to cholinergic actions] Podosinovikova NP; Matveev VI; Alisova NP; Dolgo-Saburov VB Biull Eksp Biol Med 103: 71-3 (1987) The accumulation of tyrosine-aminotransferase (TAT) as a marker of the individual gene activation was studied in the rat tissue after the administration of cholinomimetics and cholinolytics in order t87101470 Interaction of viral and cellular factors with the HTLV-III LTR target sequences in vitro. Heisig V; Benter T; Josephs SF; Sadaie MR; Okamoto T; Gallo RC; Wong-Staal F Hamatol Bluttransfus 31: 423-9 (1987) The location of cis-acting regulatory sequences within the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III was determined by eukaryotic cell transfection and chloramphenicol88168124 RNA polymerase sigma-related proteins in Escherichia coli: detection by antibodies against a synthetic peptide. Fujita N; Ishihama A; Nagasawa Y; Ueda S Mol Gen Genet 210: 5-9 (1987) Antibodies were raised against a synthetic tetradecameric peptide with an amino acid sequence, DLIQEGNIGLMKAV, which corresponds to the most highly conserved region of bacterial RNA polymerase sigma f88121704 [Repression of beta-galactosidase synthesis by isopropyl thiogalactoside by the induction of antisense RNAs] Iarchuk OB; Troianovskaia IN; Matvienko NI Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 290: 1499-502 (1986) 87105019 [Genetic analysis of mitochondrial rho-mutability in Saccharomyces. III. Comparative analysis of the effect of various nuclear srm mutations and disomy for chromosome IV on rho-mutagenesis] Devin AB; Koltovaia NA Genetika 22: 2768-74 (1986) Different combinations of modifying genes which enhance the rho- mutability of haploid yeast cells are shown to be suppressible by the srm1, srm2, srm3 mutations and by the disomy for chromosome IV. T87106791 The nucleotide sequence of the sigma factor gene ntrA (rpoN) of Azotobacter vinelandii: analysis of conserved sequences in NtrA proteins. Merrick M; Gibbins J; Toukdarian A Mol Gen Genet 210: 323-30 (1987) The nucleotide sequence of the Azotobacter vinelandii ntrA gene has been determined. It encodes a 56916 Dalton acidic polypeptide (AvNtrA) with substantial homology to NtrA from Klebsiella pneumoniae 88142550 Affinities of tight-binding lactose repressors for wild-type and pseudo-operators. Betz JL J Mol Biol 195: 495-504 (1987) Five tight-binding (Itb) mutants of the Escherichia coli lactose (lac) repressor have been characterized with regard to their non-specific affinity for DNA and their specific affinity for the wild-typ88011264 Constitutive expression of the yeast HEM1 gene is actually a composite of activation and repression. Keng T; Guarente L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 9113-7 (1987) We show that HEM1 (encoding 5-aminolevulinate synthase) expression, while constitutive under all steady-state growth conditions tested, is activated by the HAP2-HAP3 global activation system that cont88097438 Identification of sequence elements that confer cell-type-specific control of MF alpha 1 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Inokuchi K; Nakayama A; Hishinuma F Mol Cell Biol 7: 3185-93 (1987) The MF alpha 1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a major structural gene for mating pheromone alpha factor, is an alpha-specific gene whose expression is regulated by the mating-type locus. To study t88038871 Effect of precisely identified mutations in the spoIIAC gene of Bacillus subtilis on the toxicity of the sigma-like gene product to Escherichia coli. Yudkin MD; Harrison D Mol Gen Genet 209: 333-4 (1987) Yudkin (1986) has shown that the spoIIAC gene of Bacillus subtilis cannot be cloned in Escherichia coli in such an orientation that it is expressed. This toxicity of the gene product has been attribut88038379 Missing contact probing of DNA-protein interactions. Brunelle A; Schleif RF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6673-6 (1987) We have examined the positions of contact between lambda phage repressor protein and operator OR1 DNA by scanning populations of lightly depurinated or depyrimidated DNA for bases essential to or irre88016153 Genomic footprinting detects factors bound to major late and IVa2 promoters in adenovirus-infected HeLa cells. Albrecht G; Devaux B; Kedinger C Mol Cell Biol 8: 1534-9 (1988) We used DNase I footprinting assays on nuclei isolated from adenovirus-infected cells to examine the nucleoprotein configuration of a 250-base-pair segment which encompasses the adenovirus type 5 majo88246423 Effects of miaA on translation and growth rates. Diaz I; Pedersen S; Kurland CG Mol Gen Genet 208: 373-6 (1987) We have measured the growth rates and elongation rates for different proteins in wild-type, miaA, rpsL, and miaA, rpsL double mutants of Escherichia coli in the presence as well as the absence of stre88038330 Nucleotide sequence of the argR gene of Escherichia coli K-12 and isolation of its product, the arginine repressor. Lim DB; Oppenheim JD; Eckhardt T; Maas WK Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6697-701 (1987) In Escherichia coli, the arginine repressor, the product of the argR gene, in conjunction with L-arginine controls the synthesis of the enzymes of arginine biosynthesis. We describe the nucleotide seq88016158 The effects of ADR1 and CCR1 gene dosage on the regulation of the glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Denis CL Mol Gen Genet 208: 101-6 (1987) The dosage of the transcriptional activator ADR1 was varied in order to study the regulation of the glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH II) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ADH II activity du87286394 Dual-origin plasmids containing an amplifiable ColE1 ori; temperature-controlled expression of cloned genes. Wright EM; Humphreys GO; Yarranton GT Gene 49: 311-21 (1986) Dual-origin plasmids comprising an inducible ColE1-derived origin of replication controlled by the lambda pR promoter, the cI857 temperature-sensitive repressor gene and the pSC101 origin of replicati87192021 Activation of interleukin 2 and interleukin 2 receptor (Tac) promoter expression by the trans-activator (tat) gene product of human T-cell leukemia virus, type I. Siekevitz M; Feinberg MB; Holbrook N; Wong-Staal F; Greene WC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 5389-93 (1987) Cotransfection of cDNA encoding the trans-activator gene product of human T-cell leukemia virus, type I (HTLV-I) (tat-I), which acts in trans to augment viral gene expression, has revealed strong regu87260991 Homology between the DNA-binding domain of the GCN4 regulatory protein of yeast and the carboxyl-terminal region of a protein coded for by the oncogene jun. Vogt PK; Bos TJ; Doolittle RF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 3316-9 (1987) The product of the recently described oncogene jun shows significant amino acid sequence homology with the GCN4 yeast transcriptional activator protein. The similarity is restricted to the 66 carboxyl87204128 An engineered intersubunit disulfide enhances the stability and DNA binding of the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor. Sauer RT; Hehir K; Stearman RS; Weiss MA; Jeitler-Nilsson A; Suchanek EG; Pabo CO Biochemistry 25: 5992-8 (1986) Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to replace Tyr-88 at the dimer interface of the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor with cysteine. Computer model building had suggested that this substitutio87076510 Metalloregulatory DNA-binding protein encoded by the merR gene: isolation and characterization. O'Halloran T; Walsh C Science 235: 211-4 (1987) The MerR protein mediates the induction of the mercury resistance phenotype in bacteria; it has been isolated in order to study the effects of metal-ion induced changes in the metabolism of prokaryoti87094195 Regulation of cell shape in the Cloudman melanoma cell line. Preston SF; Volpi M; Pearson CM; Berlin RD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 5247-51 (1987) We show that Cloudman melanoma cells undergo rapid arborization in response to [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, a potent analogue of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH).87260965 Developmentally regulated expression of the nerve growth factor receptor gene in the periphery and brain. Buck CR; Martinez HJ; Black IB; Chao MV Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 3060-3 (1987) Nerve growth factor (NGF) regulates development and maintenance of function of peripheral sympathetic and sensory neurons. A potential role for the trophic factor in brain has been detected only recen87204268 Isolation and characterization of PRT1, a gene required for the initiation of protein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Keierleber C; Wittekind M; Qin SL; McLaughlin CS Mol Cell Biol 6: 4419-24 (1986) We isolated a cloned DNA fragment containing PRT1, a gene required for the initiation of protein biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, by complementation of the temperature-sensitive prtl-1 mutati87089800 Deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase gene of bacteriophage T4. Nucleotide sequence determination and over-expression of the gene. Lamm N; Wang Y; Mathews CK; Ruger W Eur J Biochem 172: 553-63 (1988) We describe two approaches to cloning and over-expressing gene 42 of bacteriophage T4, which encodes the early enzyme deoxycytidylate hydroxymethylase. In Bochum a library of sonicated fragments of wi88166734 On the primary site of control in the spontaneous development of small-intestinal sucrase-isomaltase after birth [published erratum appears in FEBS Lett 1987 Nov 2;223(2):423] Sebastio G; Hunziker W; Ballabio A; Auricchio S; Semenza G FEBS Lett 208: 460-4 (1986) We have compared the appearance in the small intestine of baby rabbits, of sucrase and isomaltase activities and of the sucrase-isomaltase mRNA. For the latter we used a cDNA probe encompassing approx87054623 Lysine-156 and serine-119 are required for LexA repressor cleavage: a possible mechanism. Slilaty SN; Little JW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 3987-91 (1987) LexA repressor of Escherichia coli is inactivated in vivo by a specific cleavage reaction requiring activated RecA protein. In vitro, cleavage requires activated RecA at neutral pH and proceeds sponta87231937 Simultaneous activation by 5-azacytidine of intracisternal R particles and murine intracisternal-A particle related sequences in Syrian hamster cells. Lesser J; Lasneret J; Canivet M; Emanoil-Ravier R; Peries J Virology 155: 249-56 (1986) 5-Azacytidine treatment of Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) cells, BHK21-cl.13, and primary embryo fibroblasts, activates the production of intracisternal type R particles (IRP) as ascertained by87044094 Promoter switching during development and the termination site of the sigma 43 operon of Bacillus subtilis. Wang LF; Doi RH Mol Gen Genet 207: 114-9 (1987) Sequencing data indicated that the RNA polymerase sigma 43 operon of Bacillus subtilis consisted of three genes, P23 (function unknown), dnaE (DNA primase), and rpoD (sigma 43) (Wang and Doi 1986a). S87257283 Sequence-specific interactions of nuclear factors with conserved sequences of human class II major histocompatibility complex genes. Miwa K; Doyle C; Strominger JL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 4939-43 (1987) All class II major histocompatibility complex genes contain two highly conserved sequences, termed X and Y, within the promoter regions(s), which may have a role in regulation of expression. To study 87260904 Fourier transform infrared investigation of the Escherichia coli methionine aporepressor. Yang PW; Mantsch HH; Arrondo JL; Saint-Girons I; Guillou Y; Cohen GN; Barzu O Biochemistry 26: 2706-11 (1987) This study represents the first physicochemical analysis of the recently cloned methionine repressor protein (Met aporepressor) from Escherichia coli. Infrared spectrometry was used to investigate the87271558 The promoters of the genes for colicin production, release and immunity in the ColA plasmid: effects of convergent transcription and Lex A protein. Lloubes R; Baty D; Lazdunski C Nucleic Acids Res 14: 2621-36 (1986) The initiation sites of transcription in vivo for the three genes caa, cai and cal encoding respectively colicin A (Caa), the immunity protein (Cai) and the pColA lysis protein (Cal) have been analyse86176754 Multiple procaryotic ribonucleic acid polymerase sigma factors. Doi RH; Wang LF Microbiol Rev 50: 227-43 (1986) 87038998 OmpR and EnvZ are pleiotropic regulatory proteins: positive regulation of the tripeptide permease (tppB) of Salmonella typhimurium. Gibson MM; Ellis EM; Graeme-Cook KA; Higgins CF Mol Gen Genet 207: 120-9 (1987) The tppB locus of Salmonella typhimurium encodes the anaerobically-induced tripeptide permease. We have demonstrated that expression of tppB requires the function of the ompR and envZ gene products, o87257284 Identification of functional regions in the yeast transcriptional activator ADR1. Bemis LT; Denis CL Mol Cell Biol 8: 2125-31 (1988) The transcriptional activator ADR1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a postulated DNA-binding protein that controls the expression of the glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2). Carboxy-termi88261290 The use of operon fusions in studies of the heat-shock response: effects of altered sigma 32 on heat-shock promoter function in Escherichia coli. Yano R; Imai M; Yura T Mol Gen Genet 207: 24-8 (1987) Derivatives of lambda pF13 phage in which lacZ expression (beta-galactosidase synthesis) is directed by transcription initiated at a heat-shock promoter (PrpoDhs or PgroE) were constructed and used fo87257294 Atrial natriuretic peptide mRNA is regulated by glucocorticoids in vivo. Gardner DG; Hane S; Trachewsky D; Schenk D; Baxter JD Biochem Biophys Res Commun 139: 1047-54 (1986) In these studies glucocorticoids were found to increase the plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) as well as the expression of the ANP gene in the Sprague-Dawley rat. Plasma ANP rose two-f87025809 Multiple sequence elements are required for regulation of human T-cell leukemia virus gene expression. Rosen CA; Park R; Sodroski JG; Haseltine WA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 4919-23 (1987) The U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) contains sequences that respond to the trans-activating transcription (tat) factor encoded by the pX regi87260900 Metal-dependent folding of a single zinc finger from transcription factor IIIA. Frankel AD; Berg JM; Pabo CO Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 4841-5 (1987) A 30-amino acid peptide, which corresponds to the second "zinc finger" domain of transcription factor IIIA, has been synthesized and purified. This peptide folds in the presence of zinc: adding Zn2+ s87260885 Homeo domain of the yeast repressor alpha 2 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding domain but is not sufficient for repression. Hall MN; Johnson AD Science 237: 1007-12 (1987) The alpha 2 protein, the product of the MAT alpha 2 gene, is a regulator of cell type in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It represses transcription of a group of cell type-specific genes by bindin87292127 The gene-specific initiation factor USF (upstream stimulatory factor) bound at the adenovirus type 2 major late promoter: mass and three-dimensional structure. Hough PV; Mastrangelo IA; Wall JS; Hainfeld JF; Sawadogo M; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 4826-30 (1987) The gene-specific transcription initiation factor USF (upstream stimulatory factor) binds at a palindromic sequence that extends from -52 to -63 relative to the start site of the adenovirus type 2 maj87260882 Specific factors binding to the late E2A promoter region of adenovirus type 2 DNA: no apparent effects of 5'-CCGG-3' methylation. Hoeveler A; Doerfler W DNA 6: 449-60 (1987) In the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression, the interactions of several protein factors with specific signals in the promoter sequence can play a decisive role. In addition, the methylation of sp88054469 Sporulation-specific sigma factor sigma 29 of Bacillus subtilis is synthesized from a precursor protein, P31. LaBell TL; Trempy JE; Haldenwang WG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 1784-8 (1987) Evidence is presented that a sporulation-essential sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis, sigma 29, is synthesized as an inactive precursor (P31) and that its activation occurs by a developmentally regula87175561 Expression of the complete human T-cell leukemia virus type I pX coding sequence as a functional protein in Escherichia coli. Giam CZ; Nerenberg M; Khoury G; Jay G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 7192-6 (1986) Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), a virus associated with adult T-cell leukemia, contains a long open reading frame (LOR) in the 3' end of its genome between the env region and the 3' long 87016913 A hypothetical protein (P20), homologous to Tn3 repressor is encoded downstream from the bla regulatory region in Bacillus licheniformis 749. Zhu YF; Kobayashi T; Lampen JO Nucleic Acids Res 16: 5691 (1988) 88262575 Bacteriophage lambda cro mutations: effects on activity and intracellular degradation. Pakula AA; Young VB; Sauer RT Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 8829-33 (1986) Following random mutagenesis of the bacteriophage lambda cro gene, we have isolated missense mutations that affect approximately half of the 66 residue positions of Cro. About two-thirds of the mutati87067407 Distinct transcription factors bind specifically to two regions of the human histone H4 promoter. Dailey L; Hanly SM; Roeder RG; Heintz N Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 7241-5 (1986) Two proteins specifically binding to separate regions of the human histone H4 promoter were identified in nuclear extracts prepared from synchronized S-phase HeLa cells. Competition experiments with H87016923 Two mouse genes encoding potential transcription factors with identical DNA-binding domains are activated by growth factors in cultured cells. Lemaire P; Revelant O; Bravo R; Charnay P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 4691-5 (1988) We previously reported the identification of a mouse gene, Krox-20, encoding a protein with three "zinc fingers" (DNA-binding domains with coordinated zinc ions) whose expression is regulated during G88263014 A model system for peptide hormone action in differentiation: interleukin 2 induces a B lymphoma to transcribe the J chain gene. Blackman MA; Tigges MA; Minie ME; Koshland ME Cell 47: 609-17 (1986) Physiological levels of a purified T cell hormone, interleukin 2 (IL-2), were found to stimulate a cloned murine B cell line (BCL1) to secrete pentamer IgM antibody. The peptide hormone acts at the ce87051731 GCN4 protein, a positive transcription factor in yeast, binds general control promoters at all 5' TGACTC 3' sequences. Arndt K; Fink GR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 8516-20 (1986) The GCN4 gene is required for the general amino acid control derepression response in yeast. GCN4 protein protects a repeated sequence motif in the 5'-untranslated region of HIS4, HIS3, ILV1, and ILV287041486 Regulation of class II gene expression: analysis in B cell stimulatory factor 1-inducible murine pre-B cell lines. Polla BS; Poljak A; Ohara J; Paul WE; Glimcher LH J Immunol 137: 3332-7 (1986) We have analyzed the mechanism of action of BSF-1 on class II gene expression in two murine pre-B cell lines that are at different stages of differentiation. In vitro transcription assays demonstrated87034966 Stable integration of mouse DNA into Ia-negative human B-lymphoma cells causes reexpression of the human Ia-positive phenotype. Guardiola J; Scarpellino L; Carra G; Accolla RS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 7415-8 (1986) RJ 2.2.5, a variant of the human B-lymphoma cell line Raji, does not express the HLA-DR, -DQ, and -DP class II (or Ia) histocompatibility antigens, as a result of a defect in the transcription of the 87016958 Reduced superhelicity of plasmid DNA produced by the rho-15 mutation in Escherichia coli. Fassler JS; Arnold GF; Tessman I Mol Gen Genet 204: 424-9 (1986) The plasmid pJSF6, a derivative of pBR327, could be maintained at 30 degrees C in strains of Escherichia coli containing the strong rho mutation, rho-15. Plasmids extracted from rho-15 cells were alwa87014115 Characterization of adenovirus type 40 E1 region. Ishino M; Ohashi Y; Emoto T; Sawada Y; Fujinaga K Virology 165: 95-102 (1988) The left-most 3.9 kb of adenovirus type 40 (Ad40) DNA has been sequenced using cloned viral DNA fragments. The Ad40 E1 region is deduced to code for at least four polypeptides, 221 and 249 amino acids88265890 Structure and function of the repressor of bacteriophage lambda. III. Molecular cloning of the high-affinity mutant cI gene of lambda and studies of the properties of the clones. Das T; Mandal NC Mol Gen Genet 204: 540-2 (1986) The high-affinity mutant cI gene of lambda cIha (Nag et al. 1984) was cloned in the multicopy plasmid pBR322. In the resulting plasmid, pMD 102, a lacUV5 promoter was inserted giving the lacUV5-cIha f87014125 Computer analysis of the distribution of nuclear antigens: studies on the spatial and functional organization of the interphase nucleus. Ringertz N; Hadlaczky G; Hallman H; Nyman U; Pettersson I; Sharp GC J Cell Sci Suppl 4: 11-28 (1986) 86304637 Tissue-specific control of rat malic enzyme activity and messenger RNA levels by a high carbohydrate diet. Dozin B; Rall JE; Nikodem VM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 4705-9 (1986) In euthyroid rats fed a high carbohydrate fat-free diet for 10 days, the mass of cellular malic enzyme mRNA in liver is increased 7- to 8-fold above the basal level. Malic enzyme activity is stimulate86259666 Structure of the gene for Xenopus transcription factor TFIIIA. Tso JY; Van Den Berg DJ; Korn LJ Nucleic Acids Res 14: 2187-200 (1986) The eucaryotic transcription factor TFIIIA is required for 5S RNA transcription in Xenopus, and changes in the level of TFIIIA have been implicated in the differential expression of 5S RNA genes. In t86176722 Multiple cis-acting elements modulate the translational efficiency of GCN4 mRNA in yeast. Tzamarias D; Alexandraki D; Thireos G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 4849-53 (1986) The expression of the GCN4 gene in yeast is regulated at the translational level: growth of yeast cells under amino acid starvation conditions results in an increase in the translational efficiency of86259692 Transient replication of bovine papilloma virus type 1 plasmids: cis and trans requirements. Lusky M; Botchan MR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3609-13 (1986) A transient assay has been used to study bovine papilloma virus type 1 (BPV-1) replication. We show that BPV-1 early replication occurs faster than cellular DNA synthesis. Initial replication events a86233283 An N-terminally fused Xenopus transcription factor IIIA synthesized in Escherichia coli is biologically active. Pao CI; Lee TC; Liao YD; Wu CW J Biol Chem 263: 10295-9 (1988) A 1.5-kilobase DNA fragment containing the Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) gene was inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pIN-III(A) containing the lpp/lac promoter. The recombina88273128 The DNA loop model for ara repression: AraC protein occupies the proposed loop sites in vivo and repression-negative mutations lie in these same sites. Martin K; Huo L; Schleif RF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3654-8 (1986) Two sets of experiments have been performed to test the DNA loop model of repression of the araBAD operon of Escherichia coli. First, dimethyl sulfate methylation protection measurements on normally g86233292 Activation of the AIDS retrovirus promoter by the cellular transcription factor, Sp1. Jones KA; Kadonaga JT; Luciw PA; Tjian R Science 232: 755-9 (1986) The nature and position of transcriptional control elements responsible for the expression of genes encoded by the retrovirus associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) have not been p86179897 The trans-activator gene of HTLV-III is essential for virus replication. Fisher AG; Feinberg MB; Josephs SF; Harper ME; Marselle LM; Reyes G; Gonda MA; Aldovini A; Debouk C; Gallo RC; et al Nature 320: 367-71 (1986) Studies of the genomic structure of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) and related viruses, implicated as the causal agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), have identified a 86175031 The sigma-like product of sporulation gene spoIIAC of Bacillus subtilis is toxic to Escherichia coli. Yudkin MD Mol Gen Genet 202: 55-7 (1986) The amino-acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the spoIIAC gene of Bacillus subtilis has been shown to be homologous to that of the sigma subunit of the Escherichia coli RNA polymeras86174355 Tissue-specific expression in transgenic mice of a fused gene containing RSV terminal sequences. Overbeek PA; Lai SP; Van Quill KR; Westphal H Science 231: 1574-7 (1986) Transgenic mice were generated with pRSV-CAT, a chimeric gene construct containing the long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) linked to the bacterial gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltran86151670 Identification of the binding site on 5S rRNA for the transcription factor IIIA: proposed structure of a common binding site on 5S rRNA and on the gene. Huber PW; Wool IG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 1593-7 (1986) Transcription factor IIIA interacts specifically with an internal control region of Xenopus 5S ribosomal RNA genes and is also a component, along with 5S rRNA, of a 7S ribonucleoprotein particle prese86149349 Heat shock causes destabilization of specific mRNAs and destruction of endoplasmic reticulum in barley aleurone cells. Belanger FC; Brodl MR; Ho TH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 1354-8 (1986) In response to a phytohormone, gibberellic acid, the aleurone layers of barley seeds synthesize and secrete alpha-amylases, which are coded by a set of stable mRNAs. When aleurone layers are subjected86149304 Isolation of cDNA encoding transcription factor Sp1 and functional analysis of the DNA binding domain. Kadonaga JT; Carner KR; Masiarz FR; Tjian R Cell 51: 1079-90 (1987) Transcription factor Sp1 is a protein present in mammalian cells that binds to GC box promoter elements and selectively activates mRNA synthesis from genes that contain functional recognition sites. W88080466 Isotope-detected 1H NMR studies of proteins: a general strategy for editing interproton nuclear Overhauser effects by heteronuclear decoupling, with application to phage lambda repressor. Weiss MA; Redfield AG; Griffey RH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 1325-9 (1986) A strategy for editing interproton nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) in proteins is proposed and illustrated. Selective incorporation of 13C- (or 15N)-labeled amino acids into a protein permits NOEs i86149298 Activation of enhancer sequences in type II human T-cell leukemia virus and bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeats by virus-associated trans-acting regulatory factors. Rosen CA; Sodroski JG; Kettman R; Haseltine WA J Virol 57: 738-44 (1986) The ability of the sequences present in the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of human T-cell leukemia viruses type I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) and of bovine leukemia virus to function as enhancer elemen86144047 A purified transcription factor (TIF-IB) binds to essential sequences of the mouse rDNA promoter. Clos J; Buttgereit D; Grummt I Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 604-8 (1986) A transcription factor that is specific for mouse rDNA has been partially purified from Ehrlich ascites cells. This factor [designated transcription initiation factor (TIF)-IB] is required for accurat86120989 Zinc fingers: a novel protein fold for nucleic acid recognition. Klug A; Rhodes D Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 52: 473-82 (1987) 88295736 Effect of heat shock on RNA metabolism in HeLa cells. Sadis S; Hickey E; Weber LA J Cell Physiol 135: 377-86 (1988) Incubation of HeLa cells at 42 degrees C results in pronounced inhibition of the accumulation of 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and non-heat shock polyadenylated messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cytoplas88285318 Metal ions in proteins: structural and functional roles. Berg JM Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 52: 579-85 (1987) 88295749 Regulation of components of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa phosphate-starvation-inducible regulon in Escherichia coli. Siehnel RJ; Worobec EA; Hancock RE Mol Microbiol 2: 347-52 (1988) Plasmids pPBP and pRS-XP containing the cloned genes for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa phosphate-starvation-inducible periplasmic phosphate-binding protein and outer membrane porin P (oprP), respectively88288048 Construction of recombinant murine retroviruses that express the human T-cell leukemia virus type II and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III trans activator genes. Rosen CA; Sodroski JG; Campbell K; Haseltine WA J Virol 57: 379-84 (1986) Recombinant retroviruses containing the trans activator genes of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) type II and human T-cell lymphotropic virus type III were constructed. The trans activator genes tat86089319 [CCAAT box related sequences and their binding transcription factors] Sagami I Seikagaku 59: 1238-43 (1987) 88214150 Nuclear factors binding to the mini-exon repeat of Trypanosoma brucei. Koronakis VE; Ross AM; Le Page RW; Hughes C Mol Biochem Parasitol 30: 89-96 (1988) In trypanosomes and related kinetoplastida a common short 5' leader sequence is encoded by the highly repetitive mini-exon gene and added to all protein coding mRNAs by trans-splicing. To initiate a s88288339 Identification of the bovine leukemia virus transactivating protein (p34x). Willems L; Kettmann R; Portetelle D; Burny A Hamatol Bluttransfus 31: 482-7 (1987) 88168138 Replication and expression of an X-linked cluster of Drosophila chorion genes. Parks S; Wakimoto B; Spradling A Dev Biol 117: 294-305 (1986) Two 80- to 100-kb chromosomal replicons containing clustered chorion genes amplify in the ovarian follicle cells during the final 22 hr of Drosophila oogenesis. We have studied the relationship betwee86301518 Cloning, expression, and nucleotide sequence of livR, the repressor for high-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport in Escherichia coli. Antonucci TK; Wagner LM; Oxender DL Proteins 1: 125-33 (1986) The livR gene encoding the repressor for high-affinity branched-chain amino acid transport in Escherichia coli has been cloned from a library prepared from the episome F106. The inserted DNA fragment 88217857 Stabilization of lambda repressor against thermal denaturation by site-directed Gly----Ala changes in alpha-helix 3. Hecht MH; Sturtevant JM; Sauer RT Proteins 1: 43-6 (1986) Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis has been used to replace alpha-helical glycines in the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor with alanines. Since alanine is a significantly better helix-forming r88217848 Alternative DNA loops regulate the arabinose operon in Escherichia coli. Huo L; Martin KJ; Schleif R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5444-8 (1988) The araCBAD regulatory region of Escherichia coli contains two divergently oriented promoters and three sites to which AraC, the regulatory protein of the operon, can bind. This paper presents the res88289737 Crosstalk between bacterial chemotaxis signal transduction proteins and regulators of transcription of the Ntr regulon: evidence that nitrogen assimilation and chemotaxis are controlled by a common phNinfa AJ; Ninfa EG; Lupas AN; Stock A; Magasanik B; Stock J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5492-6 (1988) We demonstrate by using purified bacterial components that the protein kinases that regulate chemotaxis and transcription of nitrogen-regulated genes, CheA and NRII, respectively, have cross-specifici88289747 Translational repression in vitro by the bacteriophage T4 regA protein. Adari HY; Spicer EK Proteins 1: 116-24 (1986) The bacteriophage T4 translational repressor regA protein has been purified from an overproducing strain, and its activity has been studied in simple in vitro protein synthesis reactions. RegA protein88217856 A trans-acting factor represses the activity of the polyoma virus enhancer in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells. Sassone-Corsi P; Fromental C; Chambon P Oncogene Res 1: 113-9 (1987) F9 undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells are resistant to infection by some papovaviruses and retroviruses. In the case of the polyoma virus the block in expression appears to be due to the 88217312 Mechanisms of human beta-interferon gene regulation. Maniatis T Harvey Lect 82: 71-104 (1986) 88197635 Identification of a receptor for the morphogen retinoic acid. Giguere V; Ong ES; Segui P; Evans RM Nature 330: 624-9 (1987) Analysis of complementary DNA encoding a novel gene product reveals striking similarity to the steroid and thyroid hormone receptors. Binding and transcription activational studies show it to be a rec88065922 Nucleotide sequence of the pnd gene in plasmid R483 and role of the pnd gene product in plasmolysis. Ono K; Akimoto S; Ohnishi Y Microbiol Immunol 31: 1071-83 (1987) The pnd gene of R plasmid R483, like the srnB gene of the F plasmid, increases the degradation of stable RNA in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the pnd locus was determined and compared w88174457 Hydroxyl radical footprinting: a high-resolution method for mapping protein-DNA contacts. Tullius TD; Dombroski BA; Churchill ME; Kam L Methods Enzymol 155: 537-58 (1987) 88121662 Expression plasmid containing the lambda PL promoter and cI857 repressor. Milman G Methods Enzymol 153: 482-91 (1987) 88121593 Coordinate and selective beta-tubulin gene expression associated with cilium formation in sea urchin embryos. Harlow P; Nemer M Genes Dev 1: 1293-304 (1987) beta-Tubulin mRNAs associated with cilium formation in Strongylocentrotus purpurpatus sea urchin embryos are expressed selectively from a multiple gene family. The accumulations of three beta-tubulin 88112805 Insulin enhances transcription of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene in rat liver. Lee KL; Isham KR; Johnson A; Kenney FT Arch Biochem Biophys 248: 597-603 (1986) The mechanism of insulin-mediated induction of tyrosine aminotransferase in rat liver was investigated using a cloned cDNA probe. The level of aminotransferase mRNA increases about fourfold following 86294493 Bacillus sporulation gene spo0H codes for sigma 30 (sigma H). Dubnau E; Weir J; Nair G; Carter L 3d; Moran C Jr; Smith I J Bacteriol 170: 1054-62 (1988) The DNA sequences of the spo0H genes from Bacillus licheniformis and B. subtilis are described, and the predicted open reading frames code for proteins of 26,097 and 25,447 daltons, respectively. The 88139159 RNA-DNA hybridization analysis of transcription of the plasmid ColV-K30 aerobactin gene cluster. Roberts M; Leavitt RW; Carbonetti NH; Ford S; Cooper RA; Williams PH J Bacteriol 167: 467-72 (1986) Plasmid pABN1 contains the genetic determinants for the aerobactin iron uptake system of plasmid ColV-K30. Transposon Tn1000 mutants of pABN1 defective in synthesis of a 50,000-dalton polypeptide were86277898 c-fos sequence necessary for basal expression and induction by epidermal growth factor, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate and the calcium ionophore. Fisch TM; Prywes R; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 7: 3490-502 (1987) We have investigated the sequence requirements for induction of the human c-fos gene by epidermal growth factor (EGF), 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA), and the calcium ionophore A23187 by transfec88065485 Effect of E1A and E1B viral proteins on the expression of a calcium ionophore-inducible gene and its promoter. Lin AY; Lee AS Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4911-21 (1986) The adenovirus E1A products have been shown to confer both positive and negative regulations on viral as well as cellular genes. To investigate further the effect of the E1A products on cellular genes86259067 Insulin regulates expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene. Granner DK; Sasaki K; Andreone T; Beale E Recent Prog Horm Res 42: 111-41 (1986) 86288559 Induction of the heat shock response of E. coli through stabilization of sigma 32 by the phage lambda cIII protein. Bahl H; Echols H; Straus DB; Court D; Crowl R; Georgopoulos CP Genes Dev 1: 57-64 (1987) The cIII protein of phage lambda favors the lysogenic response to infection by inhibiting the degradation of the lambda cII protein, which exerts the primary control on the developmental decision for 88112779 Structure of two genes at the gooseberry locus related to the paired gene and their spatial expression during Drosophila embryogenesis. Baumgartner S; Bopp D; Burri M; Noll M Genes Dev 1: 1247-67 (1987) The gooseberry (gsb) locus contains two closely linked genes, BSH9 and BSH4, which are structurally related to each other and to the paired (prd) gene. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA and cDNA shows 88112802 cis- and trans-acting sequences required for expression of simian virus 40 genes in mouse oocytes. Chalifour LE; Wirak DO; Hansen U; Wassarman PM; DePamphilis ML Genes Dev 1: 1096-106 (1987) To determine the requirements for gene expression in mammalian germ cells, circular double-stranded simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA molecules containing deletions in sequences controlling transcription and88112790 Conservation of sequence and function between the product of the 52-kilodalton immediate-early gene of herpesvirus saimiri and the BMLF1-encoded transcriptional effector (EB2) of Epstein-Barr virus. Nicholas J; Gompels UA; Craxton MA; Honess RW J Virol 62: 3250-7 (1988) We present a sequence of 2,220 nucleotides from a region of the genome of herpesvirus saimiri (HVS) which includes the coding and putative regulatory sequences for the 52-kilodalton (kDa) immediate-ea88300875 Binding of cellular proteins to the regulatory region of BK virus DNA. Markowitz RB; Dynan WS J Virol 62: 3388-98 (1988) The human papovavirus BK has a noncoding regulatory region located between the divergently transcribed early and late coding regions. Many strains of BK virus (BKV) have direct DNA sequence repeats in88300893 Stage-specific selection of alternative transcriptional initiation sites from the 5C actin gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Vigoreaux JO; Tobin SL Genes Dev 1: 1161-71 (1987) The transcription unit of the 5C actin gene exhibits a complex organization that is unique among the six actin genes of Drosophila melanogaster. Three different mRNA size classes showing distinct patt88112795 Identification of factors that interact with the E1A-inducible adenovirus E3 promoter. Hurst HC; Jones NC Genes Dev 1: 1132-46 (1987) We have investigated the E1A-inducible E3 promoter of adenovirus type 5 with respect to its ability to bind specific nuclear proteins. Four distinct nucleoprotein-binding sites were detected, located 88112793 Replication of plasmid RK2 in vitro by a DNA-membrane complex: evidence for initiation of replication and its coupling to transcription and translation. Kornacki JA; Firshein W J Bacteriol 167: 319-26 (1986) The following results with an in vitro replication system utilizing a plasmid RK2 DNA-membrane complex indicate that the essential trfA-encoded replication protein of RK2 is present and active in the 86250612 A 100-kD HeLa cell octamer binding protein (OBP100) interacts differently with two separate octamer-related sequences within the SV40 enhancer. Sturm R; Baumruker T; Franza BR Jr; Herr W Genes Dev 1: 1147-60 (1987) Numerous eukaryotic upstream promoter and enhancer regions contain a functional octamer sequence ATGCAAAT. We have examined the interactions between an octamer binding protein isolated from HeLa cells88112794 Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase: search for the enzyme's repressor derived from mevalonate. Popjak G; Meenan A Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 231: 391-414 (1987) Three inhibitors of squalene 2,3-oxide-lanosterol cyclase (AMO 1618, 4,4,10 beta-trimethyl-trans-decal-3 beta-ol (TMD) and 2,3-iminosqualene (ISq] were used to study effects on 3-hydroxy-3-methylgluta88097478 Homologous interactions of lambda repressor and lambda Cro with the lambda operator. Hochschild A; Ptashne M Cell 44: 925-33 (1986) Lambda repressor and lambda Cro bind to the same six sites on the phage chromosome but with different relative affinities. Nucleotides at certain positions in the operator are conserved in all sites, 86161681 The bovine leukemia virus p34 is a transactivator protein. Willems L; Gegonne A; Chen G; Burny A; Kettmann R; Ghysdael J EMBO J 6: 3385-9 (1987) Recombinant Moloney murine retroviruses containing the BLV post-envelope long open reading frame were constructed and transfected into the psi 2 packaging cell line. They were shown to encode and to e88111527 Lambda cro repressor complex with OR3 DNA: 15N NMR observations. Leighton P; Lu P Biochemistry 26: 7262-71 (1987) 15N NMR studies of the coliphage lambda cro repressor are presented. The protein has been uniformally labeled with 15N, and individual amino acids have been incorporated. Although the four C-terminal 88107670 Proto-oncogene expression in proliferating and differentiating cardiac and skeletal muscle. Claycomb WC; Lanson NA Jr Biochem J 247: 701-6 (1987) We have examined the expression of 13 proto-oncogenes in proliferating and terminally differentiated cardiac and skeletal muscle. Total RNA was prepared from intact ventricular cardiac-muscle tissue a88106407 Persistence and expression of human papillomavirus DNA in genital cancer. Gissmann L; Schwarz E Ciba Found Symp 120: 190-207 (1986) There is mounting evidence that certain types of human papillomaviruses (HPV types 16 and 18) are associated with human genital cancer. Other virus types, such as HPV-6 or HPV-11, are more regularly f86246693 Thermodynamic analysis of inducer binding to the lactose repressor protein: contributions of galactosyl hydroxyl groups and beta substituents. Chakerian AE; Olson JS; Matthews KS Biochemistry 26: 7250-5 (1987) Kinetic and equilibrium studies of the binding of modified beta-D-galactoside sugars to the lac repressor were carried out to generate thermodynamic data for protein-inducer interactions. The energeti88107668 Purification of an octamer sequence (ATGCAAAT)-binding protein from human B cells. Wang JY; Nishiyama K; Araki K; Kitamura D; Watanabe T Nucleic Acids Res 15: 10105-16 (1987) The highly conserved octamer sequence ATGCAAAT or its inverse complement found in all human and murine immunoglobulin gene promoters has been demonstrated to be necessary in the lymphoid-specific tran88096556 Separation of TFIIIC into two functional components by sequence specific DNA affinity chromatography. Dean N; Berk AJ Nucleic Acids Res 15: 9895-907 (1987) Recently, it has been shown that mammalian transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) activity can be separated by anion exchange FPLC chromatography into two functional components (1), both of which are requ88096545 Interaction of GAL4 and GAL80 gene regulatory proteins in vitro. Lue NF; Chasman DI; Buchman AR; Kornberg RD Mol Cell Biol 7: 3446-51 (1987) The GAL80 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, synthesized in vitro, bound tightly to GAL4 protein and to a GAL4 protein-upstream activation sequence DNA complex, as shown by (i) coimmunoprecipitation88065479 Mechanism of action of a yeast activator: direct effect of GAL4 derivatives on mammalian TFIID-promoter interactions. Horikoshi M; Carey MF; Kakidani H; Roeder RG Cell 54: 665-9 (1988) We have analyzed interactions between the mammalian TATA factor (TFIID) and derivatives of the yeast activator GAL4. The interaction of the TATA factor on the adenovirus E4 promoter with GAL4 binding 88311068 Persistence of liver-specific messenger RNA in cultured hepatocytes: different regulatory events for different genes. Isom I; Georgoff I; Salditt-Georgieff M; Darnell JE Jr J Cell Biol 105: 2877-85 (1987) Normal adult rat hepatocytes plated on rat tail collagen-coated dishes and fed a chemically defined medium supplemented with epidermal growth factor and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were examined over a 488087423 Long-term effects of estrogen on avian liver: estrogen-inducible switch in expression of nuclear, hormone-binding proteins. Hache RJ; Tam SP; Cochrane A; Nesheim M; Deeley RG Mol Cell Biol 7: 3538-47 (1987) The stimulation of chicks or embryos with estrogen results in transient, hepatic expression of the vitellogenin gene, as well as long-term, propagatable alterations in the rapidity with which the gene88065490 Retroviral activation of a novel gene encoding a zinc finger protein in IL-3-dependent myeloid leukemia cell lines. Morishita K; Parker DS; Mucenski ML; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG; Ihle JN Cell 54: 831-40 (1988) Normal hematopoietic stem cells proliferate and differentiate in the presence of growth factors such as interleukin-3 (IL-3). Transformation can alter their growth factor requirements, the ability of 88311086 Two separable functional domains in the sigma-subunit of RNA polymerase in Bacillus subtilis? Errington J FEBS Lett 224: 257-60 (1987) The sigma-subunit of RNA polymerase is responsible for promoter recognition in prokaryotes [(1969) Nature 221, 43-46]. Alterations in the sigma-subunit are thought to be involved in controlling 'globa88083547 TFIIIA and homologous genes. The 'finger' proteins. Vincent A Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4385-91 (1986) Differential regulation of gene expression, in a precise temporal and spatial pattern during development, is thought to be partly mediated by site specific DNA binding proteins which promote a selecti86232578 Different mechanisms of calcitonin, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and somatostatin regulation by glucocorticoids in a cell culture of human medullary thyroid carcinoma. Cote GJ; Gagel RF Henry Ford Hosp Med J 35: 149-52 (1987) 88086105 Identification and characterization of mutations responsible for a runaway replication phenotype of plasmid R1. Givskov M; Stougaard P; Light J; Molin S Gene 57: 203-11 (1987) Initiation of replication of the resistance plasmid R1 is carefully regulated by the two negatively acting factors, CopA and CopB. It is shown here that the temperature-dependent runaway-replication p88084427 Multiple basal elements of a human hsp70 promoter function differently in human and rodent cell lines. Greene JM; Larin Z; Taylor IC; Prentice H; Gwinn KA; Kingston RE Mol Cell Biol 7: 3646-55 (1987) The human heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene is expressed constitutively in a wide variety of cells. Two separate promoter domains determine this basal level of hsp70 expression. The proximal domain i88065503 The role of JH III and ecdysterone in the regulation of the left colleterial gland activities in Periplaneta americana during the reproductive cycle. Iris FJ; Sin FY Gen Comp Endocrinol 71: 105-15 (1988) We studied the in vitro effects of JH III and ecdysterone on RNA synthesis and secretory activities of the left colleterial gland (LCG) in mature females of Periplaneta americana during the reproducti88313609 One- and two-dimensional 1H-NMR investigations of two 19-base-pair analogues of the tet operator. Stolarski R; Buck F; Fera B; Ruterjans H Eur J Biochem 169: 603-9 (1987) Two 19-base-pair oligodeoxynucleotides, analogues of one of the operators which specifically bind the repressor protein in the regulatory part of the transposon Tn10 tetracycline-resistance (tet) dete88082795 Transient expression of the beta interferon promoter in human cells. Xanthoudakis S; Alper D; Hiscott J Mol Cell Biol 7: 3830-5 (1987) A human transient expression assay was used to examine the inducible transcriptional activation of beta interferon (IFN-beta) and IFN-alpha 1 promoters in a homologous cellular environment. Use of 29388065526 Mapping 5' termini of JC virus early RNAs. Kenney S; Natarajan V; Selzer G; Salzman NP J Virol 58: 651-4 (1986) Within its enhancer promoter region, the MAD-1 strain of JC virus (JCV) has two 98-base-pair tandem repeats, each containing a TATA box-like sequence. In the present study, polyadenylated early JCV mR86200413 The cox protein of bacteriophage P2 inhibits the formation of the repressor protein and autoregulates the early operon. Saha S; Haggard-Ljungquist E; Nordstrom K EMBO J 6: 3191-9 (1987) The cox gene is the first gene of the early operon of bacteriophage P2. The early promoter Pe and the repressor promoter Pc are located close to each other and in such a way that their transcripts hav88082694 Purification and characterization of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor from HeLa cells. Wang LH; Tsai SY; Sagami I; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW J Biol Chem 262: 16080-6 (1987) A transcription factor which binds to the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter (COUP) sequence spanning between -70 and -90 is required for efficient transcription of the ovalbumin gene. This COUP tran88058969 Differential effects of cycloheximide on rat liver cytochrome P-450 gene transcription in the whole animal and hepatoma cell culture. Bhat GJ; Rangarajan PN; Padmanaban G Biochem Biophys Res Commun 148: 1118-23 (1987) The induction of cytochrome P-450 (c+d) messenger RNAs in rat liver by 3-methyl cholanthrene follows a biphasic pattern. Administration of cycloheximide blocks the induction of cytochrome P-450 (c+d) 88076990 Transcription initiation at the tet promoter and effect of mutations. Harley CB; Lawrie J; Betlach M; Crea R; Boyer HW; Hedgpeth J Nucleic Acids Res 16: 7269-85 (1988) We have identified the startpoint for transcription in vitro of the tetracycline resistance gene (tet) of pBR322 and several deletion and insertion mutations which alter tet promoter structure. Tetrac88319924 Identification of two factors which bind to the upstream sequences of a number of nuclear genes coding for mitochondrial proteins and to genetic elements important for cell division in yeast. Dorsman JC; van Heeswijk WC; Grivell LA Nucleic Acids Res 16: 7287-301 (1988) Two abundant factors, GFI and GFII which interact with the 5' flanking regions of nuclear genes coding for proteins of the mitochondrial respiratory chain have been identified. In one case (subunit VI88319925 Transcriptional activation of ColE1 DNA synthesis by displacement of the nontranscribed strand. Masukata H; Dasgupta S; Tomizawa J Cell 51: 1123-30 (1987) Plasmid ColE1 can replicate using RNAase H and DNA polymerase I. However, it can also replicate in the absence of these enzymes. In this case, formation of a persistent hybrid between a transcript (RN88080470 Multiple nuclear factors interact with promoter sequences of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene. von der Ahe D; Pearson D; Nakagawa J; Rajput B; Nagamine Y Nucleic Acids Res 16: 7527-44 (1988) To characterize proteins that bind to the cyclic AMP inducible promoter of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator gene, we performed a DNAase I footprinting analysis. Within 500 nucleotides upstream88319941 Nucleotide sequence of the glpR gene encoding the repressor for the glycerol-3-phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli K12. Choi YL; Kawase S; Nishida T; Sakai H; Komano T; Kawamukai M; Utsumi R; Kohara Y; Akiyama K Nucleic Acids Res 16: 7732 (1988) 88319970 A repressor heterodimer binds to a chimeric operator. Hollis M; Valenzuela D; Pioli D; Wharton R; Ptashne M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5834-8 (1988) Replacement of the solvent-exposed residues of the DNA recognition helix of the 434 repressor with the corresponding residues of the P22 repressor generates a hybrid protein, 434R[alpha 3(P22R)], whic88320338 The interplay of DNA-binding proteins on the promoter of the mouse albumin gene. Lichtsteiner S; Wuarin J; Schibler U Cell 51: 963-73 (1987) The promoter of the mouse albumin gene contains at least six binding sites for specific DNA-binding proteins (A to F). Four of these sites (A, D, E, and F) can be occupied by transcription factors tha88080483 Dimerization of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus: a cysteine-rich peptide mimics the normal metal-linked dimer interface. Frankel AD; Chen L; Cotter RJ; Pabo CO Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 6297-300 (1988) We have synthesized an 18-amino acid peptide that contains the cysteine-rich region of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus. Previous experiments in vitro with the intact tat protein have88320429 A herpesvirus trans-activating protein interacts with transcription factor OTF-1 and other cellular proteins. Gerster T; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 6347-51 (1988) Immediate early genes of herpes simplex viruses contain one or more copies of the conserved TAAT-GARAT (where R is purine) DNA motif. A virus-encoded regulatory protein (Vmw65) is believed to stimulat88320440 The interaction of the recognition helix of lac repressor with lac operator. Lehming N; Sartorius J; Niemoller M; Genenger G; v. Wilcken-Bergmann B; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 6: 3145-53 (1987) We have constructed a system which allows systematic testing of repressor--operator interactions. The system consists of two plasmids. One of them carries a lac operon in which lac operator has been r88082688 An alternative protein factor which binds the internal promoter of Xenopus 5S ribosomal RNA genes. Barrett P; Sommerville J Nucleic Acids Res 15: 8679-91 (1987) In small oocytes of Xenopus species, two sets of 5S RNA genes, oocyte-type and somatic-type, are fully activated. The 5S RNA transcripts are temporarily stored, half in association with TFIIIA to form88067690 Nerve growth factor modulates tubulin transcript levels in pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. Fernyhough P; Ishii DN Neurochem Res 12: 891-9 (1987) We report that nerve growth factor (NGF) can elevate tubulin transcript levels in cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells in a manner which correlates with its capacity to enhance neurite formation. 88066203 A novel steroid thyroid hormone receptor-related gene inappropriately expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma. de The H; Marchio A; Tiollais P; Dejean A Nature 330: 667-70 (1987) We have previously isolated from a human hepatocellular carcinoma a hepatitis B virus integration in a 147-base-pair cellular DNA fragment, similar to steroid- and c-erb-A/thyroid-hormone receptor gen88065931 Interferons as gene activators: close linkage of two interferon-activatable murine genes. Engel DA; Snoddy J; Toniato E; Lengyel P Virology 166: 24-9 (1988) Previously we have identified a mouse genomic clone (clone 5) which specifies the 5' flanking region and the 5' terminal exon of an interferon-activatable gene (202 gene). Here, we show that about 5 k88322874 Herpes simplex virus regulatory elements and the immunoglobulin octamer domain bind a common factor and are both targets for virion transactivation. O'Hare P; Goding CR Cell 52: 435-45 (1988) Functional upstream activator sequences (TAATGARAT motifs) of herpes simplex virus immediate-early genes were identified and shown both to bind a factor (TRF) present in uninfected HeLa cells and to c88151048 Transcription in yeast activated by a putative amphipathic alpha helix linked to a DNA binding unit. Giniger E; Ptashne M Nature 330: 670-2 (1987) Gene activation by a DNA-binding regulatory protein in yeast requires the protein to have two components: one to recognize a specific DNA sequence and a second, the 'activating region', to interact wi88065932 Purification of the c-fos enhancer-binding protein. Prywes R; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 7: 3482-9 (1987) We have purified the c-fos enhancer-binding protein from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. The key purification steps involved chromatography on a nonspecific DNA affinity column, from which binding activit88065484 A movable and regulable inactivation function within the steroid binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor. Picard D; Salser SJ; Yamamoto KR Cell 54: 1073-80 (1988) The glucocorticoid receptor is a signal transducer that interacts both with the signal and with the genes it regulates. We showed previously that nuclear localization of the receptor requires hormone 88327851 The HeLa cell protein TEF-1 binds specifically and cooperatively to two SV40 enhancer motifs of unrelated sequence. Davidson I; Xiao JH; Rosales R; Staub A; Chambon P Cell 54: 931-42 (1988) We have purified a protein (TEF-1) that specifically binds to two sequence unrelated motifs (GT-IIC and Sph) of the simian virus 40 (SV40) enhancer. TEF-1 binds cooperatively to templates containing t88327858 Proximity-dependent enhancement of Sgs-4 gene expression in D. melanogaster. Kornher JS; Brutlag D Cell 44: 879-83 (1986) A weakly expressed allele of Sgs-4 obtained from the Kochi strain of D. melanogaster (Sgs-4K) increases 4-fold in levels of accumulated transcript when paired with a wild-type (Oregon-R) Sgs-4 allele 86161676 Transcription factors in terminally differentiated B cells. Peterson CL; Tsao B; Kakkis E; Calame KL Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 137: 100-6 (1988) 88328456 Molecular cloning of an enhancer binding protein: isolation by screening of an expression library with a recognition site DNA. Singh H; LeBowitz JH; Baldwin AS Jr; Sharp PA Cell 52: 415-23 (1988) A novel strategy has been used to isolate a cDNA clone that encodes a DNA binding domain whose recognition properties overlap those of the mammalian transcription factors H2TF1 and NF-kappa B. These t88151046 The mouse protein synthesis initiation factor 4A gene family includes two related functional genes which are differentially expressed. Nielsen PJ; Trachsel H EMBO J 7: 2097-105 (1988) We have cloned and characterized a family of mouse genomic sequences hybridizing to mouse cDNA probes coding for eIF-4A, one of the protein synthesis initiation factors involved in the binding of mRNA88328998 Germline transformation used to define key features of heat-shock response elements. Xiao H; Lis JT Science 239: 1139-42 (1988) The heat-shock consensus element (HSE), CTNGAANNTTCNAG, is found in multiple copies upstream of all heat-shock genes. Here, the sequence requirements for heat-shock induction are tested by Drosophila 88145669 Reciprocal regulation of gene transcription by insulin. Inhibition of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene and stimulation of gene 33 in a single cell type. Chu DT; Davis CM; Chrapkiewicz NB; Granner DK J Biol Chem 263: 13007-11 (1988) Two H4IIE hepatoma cell genes, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and gene 33 (g33), are reciprocally regulated by insulin. Quantitation of mRNAPEPCK and mRNAg33 in total RNA isolated from cell88330793 Crystallization and X-ray diffraction studies of a 434 Cro-DNA complex. Wolberger C; Harrison SC J Mol Biol 196: 951-4 (1987) Crystals have been obtained of the bacteriophage 434 Cro protein bound to a synthetic DNA operator. An analysis of the packing shows that the complexes stack end-to-end along crystallographic axis, fo88062728 Differential binding of the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter (COUP) transcription factor to two different promoters. Hwung YP; Wang LH; Tsai SY; Tsai MJ J Biol Chem 263: 13470-4 (1988) The COUP (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter) transcription factor binds to the upstream promoters of both the chicken ovalbumin and the rat insulin II genes, even though the two binding sites have n88330859 A eukaryotic repressor protein, the qa-1S gene product of Neurospora crassa, is homologous to part of the arom multifunctional enzyme. Anton IA; Duncan K; Coggins JR J Mol Biol 197: 367-71 (1987) Little is known about the proteins involved in the control of gene expression in eukaryotes. Although some of these proteins have been sequenced, their biochemical functions are not well understood an88062761 Common DNA binding site for Fos protein complexes and transcription factor AP-1. Rauscher FJ 3d; Sambucetti LC; Curran T; Distel RJ; Spiegelman BM Cell 52: 471-80 (1988) The adipocyte P2 (aP2) gene contains a regulatory element, FSE2, that functions during adipocyte differentiation and binds a protein complex containing the product of the fos proto-oncogene (Fos). We 88151051 Beta adrenergic and prostaglandin receptor activation increases nerve growth factor mRNA content in C6-2B rat astrocytoma cells. Dal Toso R; De Bernardi MA; Brooker G; Costa E; Mocchetti I J Pharmacol Exp Ther 246: 1190-3 (1988) C6-2B rat astrocytoma cells were used to test whether the increase of cellular nerve growth factor (NGF) content and secretion induced by isoproterenol treatment are associated with an increase in the88332651 Synthesis of functional human immunodeficiency virus tat protein in baculovirus as determined by a cell-cell fusion assay. Jeang KT; Shank PR; Rabson AB; Kumar A J Virol 62: 3874-8 (1988) The human immunodeficiency virus tat protein is a strong trans-activator of the expression of mRNAs originating from the viral long terminal repeat. We have expressed the first 72 amino acids (coding 88333167 Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus by using an oligonucleoside methylphosphonate targeted to the tat-3 gene. Zaia JA; Rossi JJ; Murakawa GJ; Spallone PA; Stephens DA; Kaplan BE; Eritja R; Wallace RB; Cantin EM J Virol 62: 3914-7 (1988) Antiviral effects were characterized for two oligodeoxyribonucleoside methylphosphonates synthesized in an antisense (3'-TCTTAACC-5') or a sense (5'-AGAATTGG-3') orientation, based on the RNA sequence88333177 Protein-DNA interaction. No code for recognition [news] Matthews BW Nature 335: 294-5 (1988) 88334689 Crystal structure of trp repressor/operator complex at atomic resolution. Otwinowski Z; Schevitz RW; Zhang RG; Lawson CL; Joachimiak A; Marmorstein RQ; Luisi BF; Sigler PB Nature 335: 321-9 (1988) The crystal structure of the trp repressor/operator complex shows an extensive contact surface, including 24 direct and 6 solvent-mediated hydrogen bonds to the phosphate groups of the DNA. There are 88334696 Restoration of binding of oxidized transcription factor IIIA to 5S RNA by thioredoxin. Pastori RL; Zucker KE; Xing YY Nucleic Acids Res 16: 8497-507 (1988) 7S particles from Xenopus oocytes were completely dissociated under non-reducing conditions. Studies using glycerol gradient centrifugation show that unlike the native 7S particle in which 5S RNA and 88335603 An elongated model of the Xenopus laevis transcription factor IIIA-5S ribosomal RNA complex derived from neutron scattering and hydrodynamic measurements. Timmins PA; Langowski J; Brown RS Nucleic Acids Res 16: 8633-44 (1988) The precise molecular composition of the Xenopus laevis TFIIIA-5S ribosomal RNA complex (7S particle) has been established from small angle neutron and dynamic light scattering. The molecular weight o88335612 Combined procedure of distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics techniques for protein structure determination from nuclear magnetic resonance data: application to the DNA binding domain of de Vlieg J; Scheek RM; van Gunsteren WF; Berendsen HJ; Kaptein R; Thomason J Proteins 3: 209-18 (1988) The technique of two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) has recently assumed an active role in obtaining information on structures of polypeptides, small proteins, sugars, and DNA fragmen88336038 Purification and characterization of the repressor for the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli K12. Larson TJ; Ye SZ; Weissenborn DL; Hoffmann HJ; Schweizer H J Biol Chem 262: 15869-74 (1987) The glpR gene encoding the repressor for the sn-glycerol 3-phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli was cloned downstream from the strong pL promoter of bacteriophage lambda. This allowed overproduction 88058940 Zinc-dependent structure of a single-finger domain of yeast ADR1. Parraga G; Horvath SJ; Eisen A; Taylor WE; Hood L; Young ET; Klevit RE Science 241: 1489-92 (1988) In the proposed "zinc finger" DNA-binding motif, each repeat unit binds a zinc metal ion through invariant Cys and His residues and this drives the folding of each 30-residue unit into an independent 88336881 The ban operon of bacteriophage P1. Localization of the promoter controlled by P1 repressor. Lurz R; Heisig A; Velleman M; Dobrinski B; Schuster H J Biol Chem 262: 16575-9 (1987) Repression of a strong promoter localized 5' to the P1 ban gene is a prerequisite for cloning the ban operon in the multicopy plasmid pBR325. Repression is brought about by the binding of P1 repressor88059041 Regulation of adeno-associated virus gene expression in 293 cells: control of mRNA abundance and translation. Trempe JP; Carter BJ J Virol 62: 68-74 (1988) We studied the effects of the adeno-associated virus (AAV) rep gene on the control of gene expression from the AAV p40 promoter in 293 cells in the absence of an adenovirus coinfection. AAV vectors co88063011 The c1 repressor of bacteriophage P1. Isolation and characterization of the repressor protein. Dreiseikelmann B; Velleman M; Schuster H J Biol Chem 263: 1391-7 (1988) The c1 repressor gene of bacteriophage P1 is located on P1 DNA EcoRI fragment 7 (Sternberg, N. (1979) Virology 96, 129-142). Subfragments of P1 DNA EcoRI fragment 7 were cloned into expression vectors88087278 Recombination by resolvase is inhibited by lac repressor simultaneously binding operators between res sites. Saldanha R; Flanagan P; Fennewald M J Mol Biol 196: 505-16 (1987) The Tn3 resolvase requires that the two recombination (res) sites be aligned as direct repeats on the same molecule for efficient recombination to occur. To test whether resolvase must contact the DNA88062690 Retinol-regulated gene expression in human tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Enhanced expression of elongation factor EF-1 alpha. Ann DK; Wu MM; Huang T; Carlson DM; Wu R J Biol Chem 263: 3546-9 (1988) Conducting airway epithelial cells requires vitamin A or its synthetic chemicals (retinoids) for their survival and for the expression of normal mucociliary functions. By using molecular cloning, we h88153640 Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors promote stable neurite outgrowth and neuronal differentiation in cultures of PC12 cells. Rydel RE; Greene LA J Neurosci 7: 3639-53 (1987) Acidic (aFGF) and basic (bFGF) fibroblast growth factors are well-characterized peptide hormones that have potent angiogenic activity and that are mitogenic for a variety of cell types. The present fi88061571 v-jun encodes a nuclear protein with enhancer binding properties of AP-1. Bos TJ; Bohmann D; Tsuchie H; Tjian R; Vogt PK Cell 52: 705-12 (1988) The jun oncogene of ASV17 is expressed as a 65 kd protein (p65gag-jun) that contains partial gag sequences at its amino terminus fused to jun sequences that make up the carboxy terminal two-thirds of 88151062 Identification of the human beta-actin enhancer and its binding factor. Kawamoto T; Makino K; Niwa H; Sugiyama H; Kimura S; Amemura M; Nakata A; Kakunaga T Mol Cell Biol 8: 267-72 (1988) An enhancer of the human beta-actin gene and a factor that specifically interacts with it were detected. A mobility shift assay showed that the factor bound to the 25-base-pair sequence (between +759 88094396 A specific domain of the adenovirus EIV promoter is necessary to maintain susceptibility of the integrated promoter to EIA transactivation. Nishigaki T; Hanaka S; Kingston RE; Handa H Mol Cell Biol 8: 353-60 (1988) We constructed a series of mutations that delete sequences in the promoter region of the early-region IV (EIV) promoter of adenovirus type 5. We fused these promoter mutations to the coding sequences 88094407 Detection of two tissue-specific DNA-binding proteins with affinity for sites in the mouse beta-globin intervening sequence 2. Galson DL; Housman DE Mol Cell Biol 8: 381-92 (1988) To identify proteins from uninduced murine erythroleukemia nuclear extracts which specifically bind to sequences from the DNase I-hypersensitive region within the mouse beta-globin intervening sequenc88094410 Deletion of the N-terminal region of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA inhibits specific binding to the 5 S RNA gene. Fiser-Littell RM; Duke AL; Yanchick JS; Hanas JS J Biol Chem 263: 1607-10 (1988) Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) is expressed in Escherichia coli by utilizing one plasmid with a T7 RNA polymerase gene and another plasmid with TFIIIA cDNA cloned downstream of a T7 promot88115272 DNA specificity determinants of Escherichia coli tryptophan repressor binding. Bass S; Sugiono P; Arvidson DN; Gunsalus RP; Youderian P Genes Dev 1: 565-72 (1987) We have analyzed the sequence-specific interaction between the Escherichia coli tryptophan (Trp) repressor and its operator using challenge phage vectors. These phages, derivatives of Salmonella phage88056298 Interaction of a liver-specific nuclear factor with the fibrinogen and alpha 1-antitrypsin promoters. Courtois G; Morgan JG; Campbell LA; Fourel G; Crabtree GR Science 238: 688-92 (1987) The orderly and sequential activation of genes during development is hypothesized to be related to the selective expression of groups of regulatory proteins acting primarily at the level of transcript88042798 Proposed structure for the zinc-binding domains from transcription factor IIIA and related proteins. Berg JM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 99-102 (1988) Several proteins, including the gene regulatory protein transcription factor IIIA, have been shown to contain tandem repeats of sequences of approximately equal to 30 amino acids that are believed to 88124828 Selective visualization of gene structure with ultraviolet light. Wang Z; Becker MM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 654-8 (1988) The ability of the ultraviolet (UV) "footprinting" technique to detect chromatin has been investigated in vitro. Two basic types of chromatin, a phased nucleosome and a phased nucleosome containing a 88124900 Two transcription factors, NF-kappa B and H2TF1, interact with a single regulatory sequence in the class I major histocompatibility complex promoter. Baldwin AS Jr; Sharp PA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 723-7 (1988) A sequence centered 166 nucleotides upstream of the mouse H-2Kb class I major histocompatibility gene binds a nuclear factor, H2TF1, found in many cell types. Previous studies have shown that binding 88124914 Several distinct "CCAAT" box binding proteins coexist in eukaryotic cells. Raymondjean M; Cereghini S; Yaniv M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 757-61 (1988) Even though a "CCAAT" box element is localized approximately equal to 80 base pairs upstream of the transcription initiation site in many eukaryotic promoters, it is not recognized by a single ubiquit88124920 Gel retardation at low pH resolves trp repressor-DNA complexes for quantitative study. Carey J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 975-9 (1988) The affinity and stoichiometry of DNA binding by Escherichia coli trp repressor were studied by electrophoresis in nondenaturing gels. The ability of trp repressor to retard the electrophoretic mobili88125030 Influence of negative supercoiling and of the proximity of left-handed Z-DNA on the Escherichia coli lactose repressor-operator interaction. Hsieh WT; Wells RD J Biol Chem 262: 14576-82 (1987) The influence of negative supercoiling and of flanking (dC-dG) tracts in either right-handed B- or left-handed Z-structures on the interaction of the Escherichia coli lac repressor was investigated. T88033009 Tn10-encoded tet repressor can regulate an operator-containing plant promoter. Gatz C; Quail PH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 1394-7 (1988) The Tn10-encoded tet repressor-operator system was used to regulate transcription from the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Expression was monitored in a transient assay system by using e88144443 Overlapping positive and negative regulatory domains of the human beta-interferon gene. Goodbourn S; Maniatis T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 1447-51 (1988) Virus or poly(I).poly(C) induction of human beta-interferon gene expression requires a 40-base-pair DNA sequence designated the interferon gene regulatory element (IRE). Previous studies have shown th88144454 A gene activated by growth factors is related to the oncogene v-jun. Ryder K; Lau LF; Nathans D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 1487-91 (1988) We have recently identified by cDNA cloning a set of genes that are rapidly activated in cultured mouse cells by protein growth factors. Here we report that the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA (clone 4688144462 Expression and developmental control of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain and B-chain/Sis genes in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Majesky MW; Benditt EP; Schwartz SM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 1524-8 (1988) Cultured arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) can produce platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-like molecules. This property raises the possibility that SMC-derived PDGFs function as autocrine/paracrin88144468 Factor-independent termination of transcription in a stretch of deoxyadenosine residues in the template DNA. Tomizawa J; Masukata H Cell 51: 623-30 (1987) The primer transcript of plasmid ColE1 extends beyond the replication origin in either of two different modes. It does or does not form a hybrid with the template DNA. When a stretch of 20 deoxyadenos88052866 Control of gene expression in bacteriophage P22 by a small antisense RNA. II. Characterization of mutants defective in repression. Wu TH; Liao SM; McClure WR; Susskind MM Genes Dev 1: 204-12 (1987) Phage P22 produces antirepressor protein early after infection from a transcript initiated at the Pant promoter. After the first few minutes of infection, transcription from Pant is repressed by a pro88056269 Murine genomic DNA sequences replicating autonomously in mouse L cells. Holst A; Muller F; Zastrow G; Zentgraf H; Schwender S; Dinkl E; Grummt F Cell 52: 355-65 (1988) Plasmids that replicate autonomously in mouse L cells were constructed by inserting random genomic DNA fragments from Ltk- cells into a plasmid containing the HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene with a trunca88151040 Stringent regulation of stably integrated chloramphenicol acetyl transferase genes by E. coli lac repressor in monkey cells. Figge J; Wright C; Collins CJ; Roberts TM; Livingston DM Cell 52: 713-22 (1988) Monkey cell lines that constitutively synthesize 38.6 kd lac repressor protein and bear stably integrated chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) genes linked to a lac operator-containing SV40 early 88151063 Escherichia coli tryptophan repressor binds multiple sites within the aroH and trp operators. Kumamoto AA; Miller WG; Gunsalus RP Genes Dev 1: 556-64 (1987) DNase I footprinting and methylation protection studies have been used to analyze the binding of Escherichia coli Trp repressor to the trpR, aroH, and trp operators. The methylation protection assay s88056297 trans-acting factors interact with a cyclic AMP response element to modulate expression of the human gonadotropin alpha gene. Jameson JL; Deutsch PJ; Gallagher GD; Jaffe RC; Habener JF Mol Cell Biol 7: 3032-40 (1987) The alpha subunit of the placental hormone chorionic gonadotropin is regulated by cyclic AMP (cAMP) at the transcriptional level. A cAMP-responsive fusion gene (alpha-CAT) containing 1.5 kilobases of 88038852 Three binding sites for AraC protein are required for autoregulation of araC in Escherichia coli. Hamilton EP; Lee N Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 1749-53 (1988) Three binding sites for AraC protein were shown to be required for the autoregulation of araC: araI1, araO1, and araO2. Selective inactivation of AraC-binding sites on the DNA demonstrated that araO1 88158070 Sigma elements are position-specific for many different yeast tRNA genes. Sandmeyer SB; Bilanchone VW; Clark DJ; Morcos P; Carle GF; Brodeur GM Nucleic Acids Res 16: 1499-515 (1988) We determined the DNA sequence of seventeen sigma elements and flanking regions in order to investigate the extent of the association between the yeast repetitive element, sigma, and tRNA genes. Fifte88157710 Active suppression of major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression during differentiation from B cells to plasma cells. Latron F; Jotterand-Bellomo M; Maffei A; Scarpellino L; Bernard M; Strominger JL; Accolla RS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2229-33 (1988) Constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex class II genes is acquired very early in B-cell ontogeny and is maintained up to the B-cell blast stage. Terminal differentiation in plasma 88176918 rpt-1, an intracellular protein from helper/inducer T cells that regulates gene expression of interleukin 2 receptor and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 [published erratum appears in Proc Natl AcaPatarca R; Freeman GJ; Schwartz J; Singh RP; Kong QT; Murphy E; Anderson Y; Sheng FY; Singh P; Johnson KA; et al Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2733-7 (1988) The Rpt-1 (for regulatory protein, T-lymphocyte, 1) gene, selectively expressed by resting but not by activated CD4+ inducer T cells, encodes an intracellular protein (rpt-1, Mr 41,000) that down-regu88190142 A tissue-specific DNase I-hypersensitive site in a class II A alpha gene is under trans-regulatory control. Liou HC; Polla BS; Aragnol D; Leserman LD; Griffith IJ; Glimcher LH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2738-42 (1988) Class II major histocompatibility complex molecules are integral membrane glycoproteins whose distribution is limited to certain tissues. To identify the molecular basis for such specificity, the chro88190143 Uncoupling of c-myc mRNA expression from G1 events in human T lymphocytes. Friedrich B; Gullberg M; Lundgren E Anticancer Res 8: 23-8 (1988) Normal human T-cells were grown in interleukin 2 (IL-2) until they became quiescent. Treatment with the phorbol-ester Phorbol-12, 13-dibutyrate (PBt2) made the cells competent to respond to IL-2 by ex88192250 [Indices of sympathetic neurocyte transcription and the survival indices of fractionally and partially chemically sympathectomized rats against a background of atsefen use] Potapov SI; Grigor'eva AV; Iarygin VN Biull Eksp Biol Med 105: 206-8 (1988) Transcription in sympathetic neurocytes of ageing (22 months) normally developing rats, partially sympathectomized by guanethidine, was studied with autoradiography. Beginning with the age of 12 month88163935 Post-transcriptional regulator (rex) of HTLV-1 initiates expression of viral structural proteins but suppresses expression of regulatory proteins. Hidaka M; Inoue J; Yoshida M; Seiki M EMBO J 7: 519-23 (1988) Gene expression of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is regulated by two trans-acting factors encoded by the pX region, p40tax and p27tax.p40tax is a transcriptional activator and p27rex is 88211565 Human lymphoma differentiation concepts correlate with in vitro action of immunoglobulin gene-specific transcription factors. Kossakowska AE; Urbanski SJ; Tuff AJ; Bazett-Jones DP Leukemia 2: 290-5 (1988) Lymphoid tissue-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes is regulated (in part) by gene-specific trans-acting factors. Whereas different classes of human B cell lymphoid neoplasms produce immunoglo88231757 Cis-acting sequences that modulate atrial natriuretic factor gene expression. Seidman CE; Wong DW; Jarcho JA; Bloch KD; Seidman JG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 4104-8 (1988) Nucleotide sequences necessary to direct transcription of the gene encoding atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in neonatal and fetal hearts have been defined by using expression of the prokaryotic marker88234569 HTLV-1 transactivator induces interleukin-2 receptor expression through an NF-kappa B-like factor. Leung K; Nabel GJ Nature 333: 776-8 (1988) Like other viruses that infect primate cells, the human T lymphotropic virus-I (HTLV-I) stimulates production of some host cell proteins. In particular, HTLV-I infected T cells synthesize interleukin-88261502 Cellular transcription factors and regulation of IL-2 receptor gene expression by HTLV-I tax gene product. Ruben S; Poteat H; Tan TH; Kawakami K; Roeder R; Haseltine W; Rosen CA Science 241: 89-92 (1988) Expression of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R alpha) gene is activated by the transcriptional activator protein, Tax (previously referred to as the tat gene product), encoded by the human T-cell leu88264409 Repression of the aroF promoter by the TyrR repressor in Escherichia coli K-12: role of the 'upstream' operator site. Cobbett CS Mol Microbiol 2: 377-83 (1988) Three sequences are required for complete repression of the aroF promoter by the TyrR repressor protein. Two of these operator sites lie adjacent to each other and overlap the -35 region of the aroF p88288052 Activation of T cell-derived lymphokine genes in T cells and fibroblasts: effects of human T cell leukemia virus type I p40x protein and bovine papilloma virus encoded E2 protein. Miyatake S; Seiki M; Malefijt RD; Heike T; Fujisawa J; Takebe Y; Nishida J; Shlomai J; Yokota T; Yoshida M; et al Nucleic Acids Res 16: 6547-66 (1988) The effects of p40x, a product of an human T cell leukemia virus type I, on the activation of lymphokine genes were examined. The mouse GM-CSF and IL-3 genes were activated by cotransfection with a pX88289419 Complex transcriptional regulation by glucocorticoids and corticotropin-releasing hormone of proopiomelanocortin gene expression in rat pituitary cultures. Eberwine JH; Jonassen JA; Evinger MJ; Roberts JL DNA 6: 483-92 (1987) Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) peptide secretion from rat anterior pituitary corticotrophs and intermediate pituitary melanotrophs is stimulated by corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH-stimulated se88054472 Multiple transcription factors interact with the adenovirus-2 EII-late promoter: evidence for a novel CCAAT recognition factor. Goding CR; Temperley SM; Fisher F Nucleic Acids Res 15: 7761-80 (1987) Multiple cellular transcription factors have been shown to interact with the upstream region of the adenovirus-2 EIIa-late promoter. One of these factors recognises each of the three CCAAT motifs pres88040407 Influence of sequence and distance between two operators on interaction with the lac repressor. Hsieh WT; Whitson PA; Matthews KS; Wells RD J Biol Chem 262: 14583-91 (1987) The influence of additional operator or pseudooperator sequences on the lactose repressor-operator interaction has been investigated. Results of kinetic and equilibrium binding measurements suggest an88033010 HTLV-I tax induces cellular proteins that activate the kappa B element in the IL-2 receptor alpha gene. Ballard DW; Bohnlein E; Lowenthal JW; Wano Y; Franza BR; Greene WC Science 241: 1652-5 (1988) Jurkat T cell lines constitutively expressing Tax, the 40-kilodalton transactivator protein of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), were used to investigate the mechanism by which this viral pr88336901 Regulation of transcription. An oncogene caught red-handed? [news] Short NJ Nature 330: 209-10 (1987) 88039131 In vivo DNA-binding properties of a yeast transcription activator protein. Selleck SB; Majors JE Mol Cell Biol 7: 3260-7 (1987) UV light can serve as a molecular probe to identify DNA-protein interactions at nucleotide level resolution from intact yeast cells. We have used the photofootprinting technique to determine during wh88038881 High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 stimulate binding of a specific transcription factor to the adenovirus major late promoter. Watt F; Molloy PL Nucleic Acids Res 16: 1471-86 (1988) High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 (HMGs 1 and 2) are abundant chromosomal proteins which are believed to be preferentially associated with regions of active chromatin. Our previous results have sho88157708 Zinc-finger motifs expressed in E. coli and folded in vitro direct specific binding to DNA. Nagai K; Nakaseko Y; Nasmyth K; Rhodes D Nature 332: 284-6 (1988) The short sequence motif named 'zinc finger', first recognized repeated in tandem in the Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA), is also found in the yeast transcriptional activator SWI5 (ref. 3) 88156968 Two distinct factors interact with the promoter regions of several liver-specific genes. Hardon EM; Frain M; Paonessa G; Cortese R EMBO J 7: 1711-9 (1988) A segment of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) 5'-flanking region comprising nucleotides -137 to -37 from the start of transcription is sufficient to drive liver-specific transcription from th89005060 Tissue specific trans-acting factor interaction with proximal rat prolactin gene promoter sequences. Schuster WA; Treacy MN; Martin F EMBO J 7: 1721-33 (1988) Using an exonuclease III protection assay, strong, reversible and tissue-specific binding of GH3 cell nuclear factors to proximal regions of the rat prolactin (rPrl) promoter (-31 to -77) has been det89005061 Thymocyte clones from 14-day mouse embryos. II. Transcription of T3 gamma gene may precede rearrangement of TcR delta and expression of T3 delta, T3 epsilon and T11 genes. Pelkonen J; Tunnacliffe A; Palacios R Eur J Immunol 18: 1337-41 (1988) We have studied the state of TcR delta gene and the expression of T3 delta, T3 epsilon, T3 gamma and T11 (CD2) genes in the fetal thymocyte (FT) clones A2, G15, H5, E10, D5, H12, F1 and D11 obtained f89005334 Organization of the regulatory region of the yeast CYC7 gene: multiple factors are involved in regulation. Prezant T; Pfeifer K; Guarente L Mol Cell Biol 7: 3252-9 (1987) Regulation of the CYC7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encoding iso-2-cytochrome c, was studied. Expression was induced about 20-fold by heme and derepressed 4- to 8-fold by a shift from glucose med88038880 Time of c-fos and c-myc expression in human diploid fibroblasts stimulated to proliferate after prolonged periods in quiescence. Owen TA; Cosenza SC; Soprano DR; Soprano KJ J Biol Chem 262: 15111-7 (1987) When human diploid fibroblasts such as WI-38 cells become crowded, they enter a viable state of quiescence (G0) in which they can remain for prolonged periods of time. These quiescent cells can be ind88033092 DNA-binding properties and characterization of human transcription factor TFIIIC2. Boulanger PA; Yoshinaga SK; Berk AJ J Biol Chem 262: 15098-105 (1987) Interaction between the B-block region of adenovirus VA1 DNA and the human RNA polymerase III transcription factor (TFIII) C2 was analyzed using a gel DNA-binding assay. The retarded band correspondin88033090 Abortive initiation by RNA polymerase II in vitro at the adenovirus 2 major late promoter. Luse DS; Jacob GA J Biol Chem 262: 14990-7 (1987) We have investigated the formation of the first phosphodiester bond by RNA polymerase II in vitro. The template was a cloned DNA bearing the adenovirus 2 major late promoter; transcription factors and88033074 Regulation of the Drosophila segmentation gene hunchback by two maternal morphogenetic centres. Tautz D Nature 332: 281-4 (1988) Segmentation in the inset embryo is initiated by maternally provided information, which is stored in the developing oocyte. In Drosophila, the genes necessary for this process have been genetically ch88156967 Influence of supercoiling and sequence context on operator DNA binding with lac repressor. Whitson PA; Hsieh WT; Wells RD; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 262: 14592-9 (1987) The dissociation of the repressor-operator complex from a series of negatively supercoiled plasmid DNAs was examined as a function of the sequence context, orientation, and spacing. The plasmids were 88033011 a1 protein alters the DNA binding specificity of alpha 2 repressor. Goutte C; Johnson AD Cell 52: 875-82 (1988) The alpha 2 protein of S. cerevisiae, the product of the MAT alpha 2 gene, represses a set of cell-type-specific genes (the a-specific genes) by binding to an operator sequence upstream of each gene. 88165038 Lithium dramatically potentiates neurotensin/neuromedin N gene expression. Dobner PR; Tischler AS; Lee YC; Bloom SR; Donahue SR J Biol Chem 263: 13983-6 (1988) Lithium perturbs intracellular signal transduction pathways used by neurotransmitters, suggesting that changes in receptor signalling may underlie its actions in the treatment of manic depressive illn89008227 DNA supercoiling facilitates formation of the transcription initiation complex on the fibroin gene promoter. Tabuchi H; Hirose S J Biol Chem 263: 15282-7 (1988) Transcription of the Bombyx mori fibroin gene in a posterior silk gland extract can be separated into three functional steps on the basis of sensitivity to Sarkosyl: 1) formation of an initiation comp89008422 Growth factor production by a human megakaryocytic tumor cell line. Witte DP; Stambrook PJ; Feliciano E; Jones CL; Lieberman MA J Cell Physiol 137: 86-94 (1988) A recently described human megakaryocytic tumor cell line was analyzed for the presence of growth factor activity and was found to produce large quantities of transforming growth factor beta-like (TGF89008647 T cell receptor gene usage in the response to lambda repressor cI protein. An apparent bias in the usage of a V alpha gene element. Lai MZ; Huang SY; Briner TJ; Guillet JG; Smith JA; Gefter ML J Exp Med 168: 1081-97 (1988) The T cell response to the lambda repressor cI protein is directed to the same region of the protein (residues 12-26) in both BALB/c and A/J mice. A panel of T cell hybridomas specific for P12-26 in t89010496 Minute virus of mice non-structural protein NS-1 is necessary and sufficient for trans-activation of the viral P39 promoter. Doerig C; Hirt B; Beard P; Antonietti JP J Gen Virol 69 ( Pt 10): 2563-73 (1988) The genome of the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice (MVM) is organized in two overlapping transcription units: the genes coding for the two non-structural proteins (NS-1 ad NS-2) are transcri89010693 Mutational analysis of the herpes simplex virus type 1 trans-inducing factor Vmw65. Ace CI; Dalrymple MA; Ramsay FH; Preston VG; Preston CM J Gen Virol 69 ( Pt 10): 2595-605 (1988) The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) polypeptide Vmw65 is a structural component of the virus particle and is also responsible for trans-induction of immediate early (IE) transcription. Functional 89010696 Hepatocyte-specific promoter element HP1 of the Xenopus albumin gene interacts with transcriptional factors of mammalian hepatocytes. Schorpp M; Kugler W; Wagner U; Ryffel GU J Mol Biol 202: 307-20 (1988) By transfecting various Xenopus albumin-CAT fusion genes into the mouse hepatoma cell line BW1J a 13 base-pair hepatocyte-specific promoter element (HP1) could be identified. A similar sequence elemen89011959 Saturation mutagenesis of the Tn10-encoded tet operator O1. Identification of base-pairs involved in Tet repressor recognition. Wissmann A; Meier I; Hillen W J Mol Biol 202: 397-406 (1988) Saturation mutagenesis of Tn10-encoded tet operator O1 was performed by chemical synthesis of 30 sequence variants yielding all possible point mutations of an operator half side. Their effect on Tet r89011967 Tet repressor-tet operator contacts probed by operator DNA-modification interference studies. Heuer C; Hillen W J Mol Biol 202: 407-15 (1988) Contacts between tet operator DNA and Tet repressor protein are characterized by modification interference studies. The modified DNA fragments are separated into fractions with high, intermediate and 89011968 Cleavage of bacteriophage phi 80 CI repressor by RecA protein. Eguchi Y; Ogawa T; Ogawa H J Mol Biol 202: 565-73 (1988) We have purified the CI repressor protein of bacteriophage phi 80. Its N-terminal amino acid sequence and its amino acid composition agree with those predicted from the nucleotide sequence of the cI g89011980 trp repressor interactions with the trp aroH and trpR operators. Comparison of repressor binding in vitro and repression in vivo. Klig LS; Carey J; Yanofsky C J Mol Biol 202: 769-77 (1988) Interaction of the Escherichia coli trp repressor with the promoter-operator regions of the trp, aroH and trpR operons was studied in vivo and in vitro. The three operators have similar, but non-ident89012001 Proposed gag-encoded transcriptional activator is not necessary for Rous sarcoma virus replication or transformation. Carlberg K; Beemon K J Virol 62: 4003-8 (1988) It has been reported that gene expression directed by the long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is trans activated by a protein encoded in an alternate reading frame within the RSV gag gene89012169 Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat by herpes simplex virus type 1 is associated with induction of a nuclear factor that binds to the NF-kappa B/core enhancer sequence.Gimble JM; Duh E; Ostrove JM; Gendelman HE; Max EE; Rabson AB J Virol 62: 4104-12 (1988) It has been previously shown that herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection of HeLa cells results in augmentation of gene expression directed by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long termina89012182 A transcription factor from simian virus 40 chromosomes which activates the viral late promoter in vitro. Beard P; Bruggmann H J Virol 62: 4296-302 (1988) We have characterized a transcription factor, obtained from simian virus 40 (SV40) chromosomes, which activates transcription from the SV40 late promoter in vitro. The late promoter-activating factor 89012205 Direct correlation between a negative autoregulatory response element at the cap site of the herpes simplex virus type 1 IE175 (alpha 4) promoter and a specific binding site for the IE175 (ICP4) proteRoberts MS; Boundy A; O'Hare P; Pizzorno MC; Ciufo DM; Hayward GS J Virol 62: 4307-20 (1988) In transient-expression assays, the IE175 (alpha 4) promoter region of herpes simple virus is down-regulated after cotransfection with DNA encoding its own protein product (IE175 or ICP4). The inhibit89012207 Interplay of viral and cellular proteins along the long control region of human papillomavirus type 18. Garcia-Carranca A; Thierry F; Yaniv M J Virol 62: 4321-30 (1988) The long control region of human genital papillomavirus type 18 harbors transcription regulatory elements, such as the E6 promoter and a cell type-specific enhancer independent of the E2 protein. By p89012208 Increased expression of CD4 molecules on Jurkat cells mediated by human immunodeficiency virus tat protein. Koka P; Yunis J; Passarelli AL; Dubey DP; Faller DV; Ynis EJ J Virol 62: 4353-7 (1988) The tat gene of the human immunodeficiency virus, tat-III, when introduced into T-lymphoblastoid Jurkat cells by a Moloney retroviral recombinant DNA vector expressed high levels of the functional tat89012213 Hormonal regulation of tissue-type plasminogen activator messenger ribonucleic acid levels in rat granulosa cells: mechanisms of induction by follicle-stimulating hormone and gonadotropin releasing hoOhlsson M; Hsueh AJ; Ny T Mol Endocrinol 2: 854-61 (1988) FSH and GnRH both stimulate rat granulosa cells to produce tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). We have studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the action of these hormones by measuring tPA m89014417 The HIV tat gene induces dermal lesions resembling Kaposi's sarcoma in transgenic mice. Vogel J; Hinrichs SH; Reynolds RK; Luciw PA; Jay G Nature 335: 606-11 (1988) When the human immunodeficiency virus transactivating gene under the control of the viral regulatory region is introduced into the germline of mice, skin lesions are induced that resemble Kaposi's sar89014720 Functional replacement of the HIV-1 rev protein by the HTLV-1 rex protein. Rimsky L; Hauber J; Dukovich M; Malim MH; Langlois A; Cullen BR; Greene WC Nature 335: 738-40 (1988) Two evolutionarily distinct families of human retroviruses, the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) and the human T-cell leukaemia viruses (HTLV), have been defined (reviewed in ref. 1). Although the89014746 Stoichiometry of lac repressor binding to nonspecific DNA: three different complexes form. Lawson RC Jr; York SS Biochemistry 26: 4867-75 (1987) The stoichiometry of lac repressor binding to nonspecific DNA was investigated by three different techniques. Four molecules of the fluorescent probe 5,5'-bis(8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate) [bis(AN88025024 Cyclic AMP induction of early adenovirus promoters involves sequences required for E1A trans-activation. Sassone-Corsi P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7192-6 (1988) Early in adenovirus infection, the E1A (early region 1A) oncogene products trans-activate the other early viral transcription units, as well as some cellular promoters. The mechanism by which E1A elic89017164 An in vivo titration of regulatory factors required for expression of a fusion gene in transgenic sea urchin embryos. Livant DL; Cutting AE; Britten RJ; Davidson EH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7607-11 (1988) We report that endogenous regulatory factors mediating expression of a lineage-specific sea urchin embryo gene can be titrated in vivo by introduction of a sufficient molar excess of DNA-binding sites89017246 Two developmental genes encoding sigma factor homologs are arranged in tandem in Bacillus subtilis. Masuda ES; Anaguchi H; Yamada K; Kobayashi Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7637-41 (1988) The sporulation-essential gene spoIIG of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis encodes the sporulation-specific sigma factor sigma 29(sigma E). We report here the initial characterization of a89017252 Convulsant-induced increase in transcription factor messenger RNAs in rat brain. Saffen DW; Cole AJ; Worley PF; Christy BA; Ryder K; Baraban JM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7795-9 (1988) Administration of the convulsants pentylenetetrazole (Metrazole) or picrotoxin to rats caused a dramatic increase in mRNAs of four putative transcription factor genes, zif/268, c-jun, jun-B, and c-fos89017284 Developmental expression of PDGF, TGF-alpha, and TGF-beta genes in preimplantation mouse embryos. Rappolee DA; Brenner CA; Schultz R; Mark D; Werb Z Science 241: 1823-5 (1988) Control of growth and differentiation during mammalian embryogenesis may be regulated by growth factors from embryonic or maternal sources. With the use of single-cell messenger RNA phenotyping, the s89019309 Mutant Trp repressors with new DNA-binding specificities. Bass S; Sorrells V; Youderian P Science 242: 240-5 (1988) Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of the codons for glutamine-68 (Gln68), lysine-72 (Lys72), isoleucine-79 (Ile79), alanine-80 (Ala80), and threonine-81 (Thr81) of the Escherichia coli trpR (trypto89019351 I kappa B: a specific inhibitor of the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Baeuerle PA; Baltimore D Science 242: 540-6 (1988) In cells that do not express immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes, the kappa enhancer binding protein NF-kappa B is found in cytosolic fractions and exhibits DNA binding activity only in the presenc89019389 Regulation of host RNA levels during baculovirus infection. Ooi BG; Miller LK Virology 166: 515-23 (1988) During infection of the permissive host insect cell line Spodoptera frugiperda IPLB-SF-21 by the baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV), the levels of host actin, histo89020818 Transient activation of oocyte 5S RNA genes in Xenopus embryos by raising the level of the trans-acting factor TFIIIA. Andrews MT; Brown DD Cell 51: 445-53 (1987) The concentration of the trans-acting factor, TFIIIA, required for the activation of 5S RNA genes in Xenopus can be elevated in developing embryos by injecting a synthetic full-length mRNA into fertil88027026 Chromatin motion in interphase nuclei, its modulation and its potential role in gene expression. De Boni U Anticancer Res 8: 885-98 (1988) Nuclear Rotation (NR) refers to the rotatory motion of nuclei in cells in vitro, a motion measured as the displacement of nucleoli over time. NR occurs in cycling cells; however, its observation in ne89024507 Expression of the murine homeo box gene Hox 1.5 during embryogenesis. Fainsod A; Awgulewitsch A; Ruddle FH Dev Biol 124: 125-33 (1987) The spatial pattern of expression of the murine homeo box-containing gene Hox 1.5 was studied during embryogenesis. In situ hybridization of single-stranded RNA probes to mouse embryo sections reveale88030407 The remarkable specificity of a new transcription termination factor suggests that the mechanisms of termination and antitermination are similar. Robert J; Sloan SB; Weisberg RA; Gottesman ME; Robledo R; Harbrecht D Cell 51: 483-92 (1987) E. coli lysogenic for the temperate, lambda-related phage HK022 do not support lambda growth. The exclusion of lambda is caused by the HK022 nun gene product, which blocks the expression of genes loca88027030 Control of variant surface antigen switching in trypanosomes. Van der Ploeg LH Cell 51: 159-61 (1987) 88027000 Kinetics of the stages of transcription initiation at the Escherichia coli lac UV5 promoter. Straney SB; Crothers DM Biochemistry 26: 5063-70 (1987) The kinetics of initiation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase on the lac L8UV5 promoter was studied by a gel retardation method that separates protein-DNA complexes from free DNA. The binding constant88025052 The 5S gene internal control region is B-form both free in solution and in a complex with TFIIIA. Gottesfeld JM; Blanco J; Tennant LL Nature 329: 460-2 (1987) Rhodes and Klug have recently proposed that the internal control region of the Xenopus 5S RNA gene adopts an A-type DNA structure in solution. This suggestion was based on a Fourier analysis of both t88014183 [The SOS and catabolytic repression systems can play a key role in the regulation of infection of Escherichia coli cells with F-specific filamentous phages M13, f1 and fd] Shumilov VIu Mol Biol (Mosk) 21: 936-41 (1987) Theoretical analysis of DNA sequences revealed recognition sites for two global E. coli cellular regulons in M13, fd and fl phage's genomes. Both Px and Pv promoters have SOS operator sequences and th88013825 Tissue-specific and developmentally regulated transcription of the insulin-like growth factor 2 gene. Gray A; Tam AW; Dull TJ; Hayflick J; Pintar J; Cavenee WK; Koufos A; Ullrich A DNA 6: 283-95 (1987) Transcription of the rat and human IGF-2 gene loci is unusually complex. The pattern of expression of these genes varies both between tissues and within a given tissue during different stages of devel88003966 In vitro synthesis of influenza viral RNA: characterization of an isolated nuclear system that supports transcription of influenza viral RNA. Takeuchi K; Nagata K; Ishihama A J Biochem (Tokyo) 101: 837-45 (1987) An in vitro system for the synthesis of influenza viral RNA was developed using isolated nuclei prepared from influenza virus-infected HeLa cells. In this system, two species of positive-sense RNA, i.87279976 Homeobox proteins as sequence-specific transcription factors. Levine M; Hoey T Cell 55: 537-40 (1988) 89028663 Adrenal steroids: new answers, new questions. Funder JW Science 237: 236-7 (1987) 87263383 Nuclear factor NF-kappa B can interact functionally with its cognate binding site to provide lymphoid-specific promoter function. Wirth T; Baltimore D EMBO J 7: 3109-13 (1988) Enhancers and promoters, cis-acting regulators of mammalian gene expression, are modular units containing multiple short binding sites for specific trans-acting transcription factors. To investigate i89030606 The DNA-binding domains of the jun oncoprotein and the yeast GCN4 transcriptional activator protein are functionally homologous. Struhl K Cell 50: 841-6 (1987) The jun oncoprotein, which causes sarcomas in chickens, and the DNA-binding domain of yeast GCN4, which coordinately regulates the expression of amino acid biosynthetic genes, show significant homolog87301728 Rapid turnover of adenovirus E1A is determined through a co-translational mechanism that requires an aminoterminal domain. Slavicek JM; Jones NC; Richter JD EMBO J 7: 3171-80 (1988) The product of the adenovirus E1A 13S mRNA can both stimulate and repress the expression of certain viral and cellular genes. As with several other regulatory proteins, E1A has a short half-life, appr89030613 Evidence that the Abdominal-B r element function is conferred by a trans-regulatory homeoprotein. DeLorenzi M; Ali N; Saari G; Henry C; Wilcox M; Bienz M EMBO J 7: 3223-31 (1988) The Abdominal-B gene is a homeotic gene located in the distal-most region of the bithorax complex (BX-C). Based on complementation analysis it has been proposed that the gene contains two separable ge89030618 Tissue-specific and steroid-dependent interaction of transcription factors with the oestrogen-inducible apoVLDL II promoter in vivo. Wijnholds J; Philipsen JN; Ab G EMBO J 7: 2757-63 (1988) Using in vivo dimethylsulphate footprinting, we have analysed protein--DNA interactions within the promoter region of the oestrogen-inducible gene encoding chicken apo very low density lipoprotein II 89030640 [The length of DNA determines the degree of regularity of crystals of the cro-repressor complex] Malinina LV; Tereshko VA; Vagin AA; Ivanova EM; Skriabin KG Mol Biol (Mosk) 21: 1142-7 (1987) The DNA-cro-repressor complex crystals have been obtained, five DNA fragments of the same nucleotide sequence and different length being used. The rotation function for crystals of complexes with hexa88013818 Engineered Tet repressor mutants with single tryptophan residues as fluorescent probes. Solvent accessibilities of DNA and inducer binding sites and interaction with tetracycline. Hansen D; Altschmied L; Hillen W J Biol Chem 262: 14030-5 (1987) Mutants of the Tn10-encoded Tet repressor containing single or no tryptophan residues were constructed by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis. The Trp-75 to Phe exchange reduces the dissociation rate88007648 Thermodynamic parameters of the binding of the tight-binding I12X86 lac repressor to operator and non-operator DNA. Maurizot JC; Grebert P FEBS Lett 239: 105-8 (1988) The thermodynamic parameters delta H and delta S corresponding to the binding of the tight-binding double mutant lac repressor I12X86 with operator and non-operator DNA fragments were determined using89031201 Photo-CIDNP study of the interaction between lac repressor headpiece and lac operator DNA. Stob S; Scheek RM; Boelens R; Kaptein R FEBS Lett 239: 99-104 (1988) Lac repressor headpiece (HP) and intact lac repressor have been studied using the photo-CIDNP method. At neutral pH histidine 29, tyrosines 7, 12 and 17 and methionine 1 are polarised. His-29 polariza89031226 Multiple levels of regulation of tubulin gene expression during sea urchin embryogenesis. Gong ZY; Brandhorst BP Dev Biol 130: 144-53 (1988) The expression of the tubulin genes during embryogenesis of the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus has been analyzed. Single strand tracer excess titrations of alpha- and beta-tubulin mRNA and RNA gel blot 89031661 Protein synthesis early in the developmental cycle of Chlamydia psittaci. Plaunt MR; Hatch TP Infect Immun 56: 3021-5 (1988) The incorporation of [35S]methionine into protein by intracellular and host-free Chlamydia psittaci 6BC was analyzed at intervals between 15 min and 28 h postinfection by autoradiography of sodium dod89032587 Cloning and expression of genes encoding pheromone-inducible antigens of Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis. Christie PJ; Kao SM; Adsit JC; Dunny GM J Bacteriol 170: 5161-8 (1988) Fragments, generated by restriction enzyme digestion, of the 58-kilobase Enterococcus (Streptococcus) faecalis tetracycline resistance plasmid pCF10 were cloned and introduced into Escherichia coli an89033899 The primary structure of rat ribosomal protein L5. A comparison of the sequence of amino acids in the proteins that interact with 5 S rRNA. Chan YL; Lin A; McNally J; Wool IG J Biol Chem 262: 12879-86 (1987) The covalent structure of rat ribosomal protein L5, which associates with 5 S rRNA in the organelle, was deduced from the sequence of nucleotides in a recombinant cDNA (pL5-6-4) and confirmed from the87308330 Interleukin 1 increases stability and transcription of mRNA encoding nerve growth factor in cultured rat fibroblasts. Lindholm D; Heumann R; Hengerer B; Thoenen H J Biol Chem 263: 16348-51 (1988) The lymphokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) rapidly increases the levels of mRNA encoding nerve growth factor (NGF) in primary cultures of fibroblasts isolated from adult rat sciatic nerves. The effect of IL-89034105 Transforming growth factor beta 1 and cAMP inhibit transcription of epidermal growth factor- and oncogene-induced transin RNA. Kerr LD; Olashaw NE; Matrisian LM J Biol Chem 263: 16999-7005 (1988) Transin mRNA encodes a secreted metalloprotease which is transcriptionally induced in Rat-1 cells by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and a number of oncogenes. A role for transin in tumor progression is89034199 Site-directed mutagenesis of the tryptophan residues in yeast eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. Effects on cap binding activity. Altmann M; Edery I; Trachsel H; Sonenberg N J Biol Chem 263: 17229-32 (1988) Initiation factor 4E is a 24-kilodalton polypeptide that binds specifically to the 5' cap structure of eukaryotic mRNAs. Sequence analysis of cDNA clones of initiation factor 4E from several species r89034234 Substrate for botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase, Gb, has an amino acid sequence homologous to a putative rho gene product. Narumiya S; Sekine A; Fujiwara M J Biol Chem 263: 17255-7 (1988) Gb (b for botulinum) is an Mr 21,000-22,000 guanine nucleotide binding protein which is specifically ADP-ribosylated by an ADP-ribosyltransferase produced by types C1 and D Clostridium botulinum (Mori89034241 Binding of transcription factors to the promoter of the human U1 RNA gene studied by footprinting. Gunderson SI; Murphy JT; Knuth MW; Steinberg TH; Dahlberg JH; Burgess RR J Biol Chem 263: 17603-10 (1988) The promoter structure of the known small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes contains two major effectors of transcriptional activity: a proximal sequence element and a distal sequence element. In addition to 89034291 Regulation and over-expression of the fnr gene of Escherichia coli. Spiro S; Guest JR J Gen Microbiol 133 ( Pt 12): 3279-88 (1987) The fnr gene of Escherichia coli encodes a transcriptional activator (FNR) which is required for the expression of a number of genes involved in anaerobic respiratory pathways. From the study of a tra89036074 Analysis of the physiological control of replication of ColE1-type plasmids. Bremer H; Lin-Chao S J Theor Biol 123: 453-70 (1986) The physiology of ColE1-type plasmid replication in a growing host has been examined both theoretically, using computer simulation, and experimentally, by observing replication of the plasmid pBR322 a88012516 Kinetic studies on Cro repressor-operator DNA interaction. Kim JG; Takeda Y; Matthews BW; Anderson WF J Mol Biol 196: 149-58 (1987) The six operators of phage lambda and their consensus sequence were synthesized as 21 base-pair DNAs and their interactions with Cro repressor were studied using a filter binding assay. The measured e88011314 Equilibrium DNA-binding of AraC protein. Compensation for displaced ions. Martin KJ; Schleif RF J Mol Biol 195: 741-4 (1987) Experiments on the AraC regulatory protein of Escherichia coli suggest a mechanism that DNA-binding proteins can use to reduce potentially drastic alterations in their affinity for DNA resulting from 88011279 Control of gene expression in the P2-related temperate coliphages. V. The use of sequence analysis of 186 Vir mutants to indicate presumptive repressor binding sites. Lamont I; Kalionis B; Egan JB J Mol Biol 199: 379-82 (1988) The prophage of coliphage 186 produces a repressor protein that is required for maintenance of lysogeny and that renders lysogenic cells immune to superinfection by 186. The repressor is likely to be 88172482 Regulation of the temporal synthesis of proteins in bacteriophage BF23-infected cells. Kikuchi S; Yoshinari K; Ishimaru H; Mizobuchi K J Virol 62: 4569-76 (1988) Regulation of temporal synthesis of pre-early, early, and late proteins in bacteriophage BF23-infected cells has been studied by using five amber mutants defective in genes 1, 2, 10, 14, and 19. The s89037342 The putative trans-activator in the MAgag region of Rous sarcoma virus is not required for cell transformation. Dutta A; Dorai T; Hanafusa H J Virol 62: 4767-9 (1988) A stop codon created by oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis in the proposed transcriptional trans-activator of Rous sarcoma virus (S. Broome and W. Gilbert, Cell 40:537-546, 1985) which truncated the89037369 Phosphorylation of the rev gene product of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Hauber J; Bouvier M; Malim MH; Cullen BR J Virol 62: 4801-4 (1988) Replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 requires the functional expression in trans of the virally encoded rev gene product (previously called art/trs). Here we demonstrate that this protei89037377 B-cell control region at the 5' end of a major histocompatibility complex class II gene: sequences and factors. Dorn A; Fehling HJ; Koch W; Le Meur M; Gerlinger P; Benoist C; Mathis D Mol Cell Biol 8: 3975-87 (1988) Transcription of major histocompatibility complex class II genes is elaborately regulated. Mouse class II genes are transcribed primarily in B cells, peripheral macrophages and interdigitating cells, 89039821 Replication control genes of plasmid pE194. Villafane R; Bechhofer DH; Narayanan CS; Dubnau D J Bacteriol 169: 4822-9 (1987) pE194, a 3.7-kilobase plasmid, confers resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics. The previously identified cop and repF genes of pE194 have been further localized by molec88007435 Cloning and localization of the repressor gene (c) of the Mu-like transposable phage D108. Levin DB; DuBow MS FEBS Lett 222: 199-203 (1987) We have localized the D108 thermosensitive (cts) repressor gene to a region of DNA approx. 600 base pairs (bp) in length by sub-cloning an RsaI restriction endonuclease fragment (bp 200 to bp 802 from88005140 [Characteristics of the protein specifically binding to the major late promoter of adenovirus type 2] Nikolaev LG; Glotov BO; Beliavskii AV; Levin AV Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 294: 1251-4 (1987) 87303657 In vitro expression of the Escherichia coli nusA-infB operon. Cenatiempo Y; Deville F; Brot N; Weissbach H J Biol Chem 262: 152-7 (1987) The expression of the nusA-infB operon has been investigated using an in vitro system based on the formation of the first dipeptide of the gene product. A series of plasmids containing various deletio87083435 Purification of multiple erythroid cell proteins that bind the promoter of the alpha-globin gene. Kim CG; Barnhart KM; Sheffery M Mol Cell Biol 8: 4270-81 (1988) Three erythroid cell factors that bind the murine alpha-globin promoter were enriched more than 1,000-fold by conventional and DNA sequence affinity chromatography. Visualization of enriched polypepti89039854 Gene induction by interferons and double-stranded RNA: selective inhibition by 2-aminopurine. Tiwari RK; Kusari J; Kumar R; Sen GC Mol Cell Biol 8: 4289-94 (1988) Transcription of several interferon-inducible human genes is also induced by double-stranded RNA. The nature and the mechanism of action of signals generated by interferons and by double-stranded RNA 89039856 Cellular basis for the differential response of mouse kallikrein genes to hormonal induction. van Leeuwen BH; Penschow JD; Coghlan JP; Richards RI EMBO J 6: 1705-13 (1987) The expression of many mouse kallikrein genes in the salivary gland is sexually dimorphic and inducible in females by administration of testosterone or thyroxine. Induction is slow (3-7 days) and is a87275865 Visna virus exhibits a complex transcriptional pattern: one aspect of gene expression shared with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome retrovirus. Davis JL; Molineaux S; Clements JE J Virol 61: 1325-31 (1987) A complex pattern of gene expression was found for visna virus in a highly permissive cell culture system in vitro. In addition to the genomic RNA (9.4 kilobases [kb]), five other mRNAs were detected.87198854 An active T-cell-independent mechanism enhances MHC class I transcription and expression on a mouse T-cell lymphoma in vivo. Petersson MG; Karre K; Cochet M; Kourilsky P; Kiessling R Cell Immunol 108: 460-72 (1987) The present study focuses on the mechanism underlying changes in H-2 cell surface antigen expression after passage of the in vitro grown YAC-1 lymphoma as an ascites tumor. The increase in cell-surfac87301783 The yeast regulatory protein ADR1 binds in a zinc-dependent manner to the upstream activating sequence of ADH2. Eisen A; Taylor WE; Blumberg H; Young ET Mol Cell Biol 8: 4552-6 (1988) The yeast ADR1 protein contains two zinc finger domains that are essential for its role in transcriptional activation of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2). These domains are thought to function as DNA-bind89039889 The rat alpha-fetoprotein and albumin genes. Transcriptional control and comparison of the sequence organization and promoter region. Nahon JL; Danan JL; Poiret M; Tratner I; Jose-Estanyol M; Sala-Trepat JM J Biol Chem 262: 12479-87 (1987) Functional and structural approaches were used to characterize the transcription units of the rat alpha-feto-protein (AFP) and albumin genes. A cell-free nuclear transcription assay and several genomi87308273 Cervical cancer. News on papillomaviruses [news] McCance DJ Nature 335: 765-6 (1988) 89040164 Structure of a phage 434 Cro/DNA complex. Wolberger C; Dong YC; Ptashne M; Harrison SC Nature 335: 789-95 (1988) Comparison of the crystal structure of a complex of the phage 434 Cro protein and a synthetic DNA operator with the complex of the same operator and the 434 repressor DNA-binding domain shows differen89040170 Cleavage of the cII protein of phage lambda by purified HflA protease: control of the switch between lysis and lysogeny. Cheng HH; Muhlrad PJ; Hoyt MA; Echols H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7882-6 (1988) The activity of the cII protein of phage lambda is probably the critical controlling factor in the choice of the lytic or lysogenic pathway by an infecting virus. Previous work has established that cI89042090 DNA polymerase of bacteriophage T4 is an autogenous translational repressor. Andrake M; Guild N; Hsu T; Gold L; Tuerk C; Karam J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7942-6 (1988) In bacteriophage T4 the protein product of gene 43 (gp43) is a multifunctional DNA polymerase that is essential for replication of the phage genome. The protein harbors DNA-binding, deoxyribonucleotid89042102 Recognition helices of lac and lambda repressor are oriented in opposite directions and recognize similar DNA sequences. Lehming N; Sartorius J; Oehler S; von Wilcken-Bergmann B; Muller-Hill B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7947-51 (1988) Exchanges in positions 1 and 2 of the putative recognition helix allow lac repressor to bind to ideal lac operator variants in which base pair 4 has been replaced. We show here that an Arg-22----Asn e89042103 Negative and positive factors determine the activity of the polyoma virus enhancer alpha domain in undifferentiated and differentiated cell types. Wasylyk B; Imler JL; Chatton B; Schatz C; Wasylyk C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7952-6 (1988) The host range of polyoma virus is dependent upon the activity of its enhancer, which is inactive in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells, such as F9 cells, and is active after their differentia89042104 Non-histone chromatin proteins that recognize specific sequences of DNA. Reeves R; Elton TS J Chromatogr 418: 73-95 (1987) Numerous chromatographic procedures have recently been developed to purify to near homogeneity various eukaryotic non-histone chromatin proteins that recognize and bind to specific sequences of DNA. I87308622 c-fos promoter trans-activation by the tax1 protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Fujii M; Sassone-Corsi P; Verma IM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 8526-30 (1988) To understand the mechanisms of oncogenesis by human T-cell leukemia virus type I, we have investigated the ability of the tax1, protein to modulate transcription of protooncogenes. By using a transie89042214 Structure of the lambda complex at 2.5 A resolution: details of the repressor-operator interactions. Jordan SR; Pabo CO Science 242: 893-9 (1988) The crystal structure of a complex containing the DNA-binding domain of lambda repressor and a lambda operator site was determined at 2.5 A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 24.89043966 Recognition of a DNA operator by the repressor of phage 434: a view at high resolution. Aggarwal AK; Rodgers DW; Drottar M; Ptashne M; Harrison SC Science 242: 899-907 (1988) The repressors of temperate bacteriophages such as 434 and lambda control transcription by binding to a set of DNA operator sites. The different affinity of repressor for each of these sites ensures e89043967 Functional inactivation of genes by dominant negative mutations. Herskowitz I Nature 329: 219-22 (1987) Molecular biologists are increasingly faced with the problem of assigning a function to genes that have been cloned. A new approach to this problem involves the manipulation of the cloned gene to crea87315414 Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus occurs via a bimodal mechanism. Cullen BR Cell 46: 973-82 (1986) A novel, highly quantitative transient expression assay based on the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene was used to examine the trans-activation of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/HTLV-III/LAV/ARV)87002478 Chemical conversion of a DNA-binding protein into a site-specific nuclease. Chen CH; Sigman DS Science 237: 1197-201 (1987) The tryptophan gene (trp) repressor of Escherichia coli has been converted into a site-specific nuclease by covalently attaching it to the 1,10-phenanthroline-copper complex. In its cuprous form, the 87319640 The C. elegans cell lineage and differentiation gene unc-86 encodes a protein with a homeodomain and extended similarity to transcription factors. Finney M; Ruvkun G; Horvitz HR Cell 55: 757-69 (1988) Mutations in the gene unc-86 affect development of the nematode C. elegans by altering cell lineages and cell differentiation. We molecularly cloned unc-86 by chromosomal walking from linked polymorph89051866 rough, a Drosophila homeobox gene required in photoreceptors R2 and R5 for inductive interactions in the developing eye. Tomlinson A; Kimmel BE; Rubin GM Cell 55: 771-84 (1988) The rough mutation in Drosophila disrupts an early stage of ommatidial assembly in the developing eye imaginal disc. Analysis of somatic mosaics suggests that rough gene function is required only in p89051867 The jun proto-oncogene is positively autoregulated by its product, Jun/AP-1. Angel P; Hattori K; Smeal T; Karin M Cell 55: 875-85 (1988) Binding of the human transcription factor Jun/AP-1 to a conserved 8 bp nucleotide sequence (TRE) is responsible for increased transcription of different cellular genes in response to tumor promoters, 89051877 Multicopy expression vectors carrying the lac repressor gene for regulated high-level expression of genes in Escherichia coli. Stark MJ Gene 51: 255-67 (1987) A series of new expression vectors (the pTTQ series) has been constructed for the regulated expression of genes in Escherichia coli. Based on the pUC plasmids, the pTTQ vectors contain a polylinker/la87248084 Ontogenically regulated expression of metallothionein and its messenger RNA in chick liver. Chakraborty T; Biswas BB Biochem Biophys Res Commun 147: 226-33 (1987) By electrophoretic and immunological assay the concentration of hepatic metallothionein in new born chick liver was found to be ontogenically modulated, reaching a peak accumulation per gram liver in 87326351 DNA binding activities of three murine Jun proteins: stimulation by Fos. Nakabeppu Y; Ryder K; Nathans D Cell 55: 907-15 (1988) Three members of the Jun/AP-1 family have been identified in mouse cDNA libraries: c-Jun, Jun-B, and Jun-D. We have compared the DNA binding properties of the Jun proteins by using in vitro translatio89051880 HTLV-III expression and production involve complex regulation at the levels of splicing and translation of viral RNA. Feinberg MB; Jarrett RF; Aldovini A; Gallo RC; Wong-Staal F Cell 46: 807-17 (1986) The African green monkey nonlymphoid cell line cos-1 produces infectious HTLV-III virus following transfection with biologically active molecular clones of HTLV-III. Transfected cos-1 cells produce la87002448 Effects of tRNATyr point mutations on the binding of yeast RNA polymerase III transcription factor C. Baker RE; Gabrielsen O; Hall BD J Biol Chem 261: 5275-82 (1986) A physical DNA binding assay was employed to analyze the binding of yeast RNA polymerase III transcription factor C (TFIIIC) to tRNA genes. The assay allowed us to measure the equilibrium constants fo86168262 A rapid affinity method for isolation and characterization of sequence specific DNA binding factor. Singh RP; Natarajan V Biochem Biophys Res Commun 147: 65-70 (1987) An affinity chromatography technique using avidin monomer and biotin interaction was used for isolating a sequence specific DNA binding factor. This approach was used for purifying a transcription fac87326398 Purification and DNA binding properties of the blaI gene product, repressor for the beta-lactamase gene, blaP, of Bacillus licheniformis. Grossman MJ; Lampen JO Nucleic Acids Res 15: 6049-62 (1987) The location of the repressor gene, blaI, for the beta-lactamase gene blaP of Bacillus licheniformis 749, on the 5' side of blaP, was confirmed by sequencing the bla region of the constitutive mutant 87316868 Importance of DNA stiffness in protein-DNA binding specificity. Hogan ME; Austin RH Nature 329: 263-6 (1987) From the first high-resolution structure of a repressor bound specifically to its DNA recognition sequence it has been shown that the phage 434 repressor protein binds as a dimer to the helix. Tight, 87315424 1,25(OH)2-vitamin D3 receptors: gene regulation and genetic circuitry. Minghetti PP; Norman AW FASEB J 2: 3043-53 (1988) Our understanding of how vitamin D mediates biological responses has entered a new era. It is now clear that the bulk of the biological responses supported by vitamin D occur as a consequence of its m89052974 A model for the interaction of nucleic acids with transcription factor IIIA. Andersen J FEBS Lett 217: 197-202 (1987) Based on published biochemical evidence which examines the interaction of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) with 5 S RNA genes and 5 S RNA, this paper proposes that the formation of a 5 S RNA87247218 The heat shock response of E. coli is regulated by changes in the concentration of sigma 32. Straus DB; Walter WA; Gross CA Nature 329: 348-51 (1987) Cells subjected to a heat shock, or a variety of other stresses increase the synthesis of a set of proteins, known as heat shock proteins. This response is apparently universal, occurring in the entir87315448 Rapid expression of ornithine decarboxylase mRNA in a macrophage-like cell line: cAMP repression of the requirement for prior protein synthesis. Shurtleff SA; McElwain CM; Taffet SM J Cell Physiol 134: 453-9 (1988) Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity was rapidly induced in the RAW264 macrophage-like cell line after treatment with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). ODC mRNA levels were determined by isolating88169714 Hormone-mediated repression: a negative glucocorticoid response element from the bovine prolactin gene. Sakai DD; Helms S; Carlstedt-Duke J; Gustafsson JA; Rottman FM; Yamamoto KR Genes Dev 2: 1144-54 (1988) We have defined and characterized a region upstream of the bovine prolactin gene that confers repression by glucocorticoids. This 'negative glucocorticoid response element' (nGRE) contains multiple fo89053052 Characterization of the tetracycline resistance gene of plasmid pT181 of Staphylococcus aureus. Mojumdar M; Khan SA J Bacteriol 170: 5522-8 (1988) Some genetic and biochemical properties of the tetracycline resistance element of the Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pT181 have been studied. Resequencing of a portion of the tetracycline resistance ge89053870 Allele replacement in Escherichia coli by use of a selectable marker for resistance to spectinomycin: replacement of the lexA gene. Hill SA; Little JW J Bacteriol 170: 5913-5 (1988) We replaced the Escherichia coli lexA gene by a segment of DNA coding for resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin. The use of this segment expands the range of selectable markers usable for allel89053925 Factors involved in control of tissue-specific expression of albumin gene. Cereghini S; Raymondjean M; Carranca AG; Herbomel P; Yaniv M Cell 50: 627-38 (1987) Elements controlling tissue-specific expression of the rat albumin gene reside within roughly 150 bp upstream of the transcriptional initiation site. We show here by DNAase I footprinting assays that 87273526 cDNA cloning of porcine transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNAs. Evidence for alternate splicing and polyadenylation. Kondaiah P; Van Obberghen-Schilling E; Ludwig RL; Dhar R; Sporn MB; Roberts AB J Biol Chem 263: 18313-7 (1988) Most eukaryotic cells encode principally a 2.5-kilobase (kb) transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 mRNA. However, we have found two major TGF-beta 1 RNA species, 3.5 and 2.5 kb long, in porcine tiss89054010 Interaction at a distance between lambda repressors disrupts gene activation. Hochschild A; Ptashne M Nature 336: 353-7 (1988) The lambda repressor is an activator as well as a repressor of transcription. The activation function is blocked by interaction with another lambda repressor molecule bound upstream on the same DNA mo89057115 Role of the merT and merP gene products of transposon Tn501 in the induction and expression of resistance to mercuric ions. Lund PA; Brown NL Gene 52: 207-14 (1987) The bacterial transposon Tn501 carries, in addition to the genetic information for its own transposition, the genes of the mer operon (in the order merRTPAD), which code for resistance to Hg2+ ions. T87277393 Specific binding of TUF factor to upstream activation sites of yeast ribosomal protein genes. Vignais ML; Woudt LP; Wassenaar GM; Mager WH; Sentenac A; Planta RJ EMBO J 6: 1451-7 (1987) Transcription activation of yeast ribosomal protein genes is mediated through homologous, 12-nucleotide-long and, in general, duplicated upstream promoter elements (HOMOL1 and RPG, referred to as UASr87275840 NF-kappa B protein purification from bovine spleen: nucleotide stimulation and binding site specificity. Lenardo MJ; Kuang A; Gifford A; Baltimore D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 8825-9 (1988) The activity of the enhancer for the kappa immunoglobulin light chain gene critically depends on the presence in the nucleus of the NF-kappa B protein. We purified NF-kappa B over 50,000-fold and iden89057831 lac repressor forms loops with linear DNA carrying two suitably spaced lac operators. Kramer H; Niemoller M; Amouyal M; Revet B; von Wilcken-Bergmann B; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 6: 1481-91 (1987) Tetrameric lac repressor may bind to two lac operators on one DNA fragment and induce the intervening DNA to form a loop. Electron microscopy, non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and DN87275843 Dual mechanism of repression at a distance in the lac operon. Flashner Y; Gralla JD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 8968-72 (1988) The mechanism by which the internal lacZ gene sequence O2 influences lac repression was investigated by using in vivo footprinting of operon mutants. Quantitative in vivo binding curves show that O2 s89057860 Isolation of DNA-protein complexes based on streptavidin and biotin interaction. Leblond-Francillard M; Dreyfus M; Rougeon F Eur J Biochem 166: 351-5 (1987) We describe a method for the purification of proteins binding to specific DNA sites based on the strong interaction between streptavidin and biotin. We tested the efficiency of this method using the E87275917 Nucleotide sequence and LexA regulation of the Escherichia coli recN gene. Rostas K; Morton SJ; Picksley SM; Lloyd RG Nucleic Acids Res 15: 5041-9 (1987) The nucleotide sequence of a 2224 bp region of the Escherichia coli chromosome that carries the LexA regulated recN gene has been determined. A region of 1701 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 56787259985 Homeobox linked to gene control [news] Marx JL Science 242: 1008-9 (1988) 89058610 Bacteriophage P22 Cro protein: sequence, purification, and properties. Poteete AR; Hehir K; Sauer RT Biochemistry 25: 251-6 (1986) The DNA sequence of part of the bacteriophage P22 early regulatory region, including genes cro and c1, was determined. The protein product of the cro gene consists of 61 amino acid residues, and that 86159692 Multiple principal sigma factor homologs in eubacteria: identification of the "rpoD box". Tanaka K; Shiina T; Takahashi H Science 242: 1040-2 (1988) Genes for the principal sigma factor (rpoD genes) of various eubacteria were identified with a synthetic oligonucleotide probe corresponding to a conserved sequence in rpoD gene products of Escherichi89058616 Enhancers: mechanisms of action and cell specificity. Atchison ML Annu Rev Cell Biol 4: 127-53 (1988) 89062002 Analysis of trp repressor-operator interaction by filter binding. Klig LS; Crawford IP; Yanofsky C Nucleic Acids Res 15: 5339-51 (1987) A filter binding assay was developed that allows measurement of specific binding of trp repressor to operator DNA. The most important feature of this procedure is the concentration and type of salt pr87260004 Mouse homeobox gene transcripts occupy different but overlapping domains in embryonic germ layers and organs: a comparison of Hox-3.1 and Hox-1.5. Gaunt SJ Development 103: 135-44 (1988) By use of in situ hybridization experiments, the mouse homeobox genes Hox-3.1 and Hox-1.5 are compared in the temporal and spatial patterns of their embryonic transcripts. Transcripts of both genes ar89064559 Site-directed alterations in the ATP-binding domain of rho protein affect its activities as a termination factor. Dombroski AJ; Brennan CA; Spear P; Platt T J Biol Chem 263: 18802-9 (1988) We have utilized oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis to test our prediction that Escherichia coli rho factor has an ATP-binding domain separate from its RNA-binding domain and similar to that of89066670 The ATP binding site on rho protein. Affinity labeling of Lys181 by pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine. Dombroski AJ; LaDine JR; Cross RL; Platt T J Biol Chem 263: 18810-5 (1988) We have labeled the nucleoside triphosphate-binding domain of Escherichia coli rho factor with the ATP affinity analog [3H]pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine (PLP-AMP). PLP-AMP completely inactivates89066671 Dual regulation of GAP-43 gene expression by nerve growth factor and glucocorticoids. Federoff HJ; Grabczyk E; Fishman MC J Biol Chem 263: 19290-5 (1988) GAP-43 is a neural-specific protein that is believed integral to neurite growth and to the plasticity of neuronal structure. Its gene expression is regulated in vivo and correlates with periods of axo89066742 Transforming growth factor-beta increases transcription of the genes encoding the epidermal growth factor receptor and fibronectin in normal rat kidney fibroblasts. Thompson KL; Assoian R; Rosner MR J Biol Chem 263: 19519-24 (1988) Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is a potent modulator of cell growth in many systems. In normal rat kidney (NRK) fibroblasts, TGF-beta synergizes with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to stimu89066775 Evidence for natural gene transfer from gram-positive cocci to Escherichia coli. Brisson-Noel A; Arthur M; Courvalin P J Bacteriol 170: 1739-45 (1988) High-level resistance to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin type B (MLS) antibiotics in Escherichia coli BM2570 is due to the presence on the conjugative plasmid pIP1527 of the MLS resistance determi88169499 Escherichia coli gene purR encoding a repressor protein for purine nucleotide synthesis. Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and interaction with the purF operator. Rolfes RJ; Zalkin H J Biol Chem 263: 19653-61 (1988) The Escherichia coli gene purR, encoding a repressor protein, was cloned by complementation of a purR mutation. Gene purR on a multicopy plasmid repressed expression of purF and purF-lacZ and reduced 89066795 The Escherichia coli K-12 lexA2 gene encodes a hypocleavable repressor. Peterson KR; Ossanna N; Mount DW J Bacteriol 170: 1975-7 (1988) LexA2 repressor was partially inactivated after mitomycin C or UV light treatment in a recA+ or recA85(Prtc) (protease constitutive) host background. LexA2 protein was cleaved, but the reaction was sl88169537 Distinct pathways mediate transcriptional regulation of platelet-derived growth factor B/c-sis expression. Daniel TO; Fen Z J Biol Chem 263: 19815-20 (1988) The biochemical mechanisms responsible for regulating cellular platelet-derived growth factor expression are incompletely understood. Our previous studies have shown that platelet-derived growth facto89066817 Structural and functional characterization of human immunodeficiency virus tat protein. Ruben S; Perkins A; Purcell R; Joung K; Sia R; Burghoff R; Haseltine WA; Rosen CA J Virol 63: 1-8 (1989) Site-directed mutagenesis was used to identify functional domains present within the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tat protein. Transient cotransfection experiments showed that derivatives of tat89068819 A cloned octamer transcription factor stimulates transcription from lymphoid-specific promoters in non-B cells. Muller MM; Ruppert S; Schaffner W; Matthias P Nature 336: 544-51 (1988) The complementary DNA coding for a lymphocyte-specific transcription factor binding to the DNA 'octamer' sequence TNATTTGCAT has been cloned. The nucleotide sequence shows homology to the homoeobox do89070674 Induction of alcohol dehydrogenase by ethanol in Drosophila melanogaster. Geer BW; McKechnie SW; Bentley MM; Oakeshott JG; Quinn EM; Langevin ML J Nutr 118: 398-407 (1988) When Drosophila melanogaster larvae were fed a defined fat-free, low sucrose medium, alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was increased to a higher activity with a moderate, nontoxic level of ethanol (2.5% vol88171772 Drosophila homoeotic genes encode transcriptional activators similar to mammalian OTF-2. Thali M; Muller MM; DeLorenzi M; Matthias P; Bienz M Nature 336: 598-601 (1988) Homoeotic genes in Drosophila melanogaster are active in spatially restricted metameric domains and control the morphogenesis of segment-specific features such as legs or wings within these domains. T89070683 The POU domain is a bipartite DNA-binding structure. Sturm RA; Herr W Nature 336: 601-4 (1988) The POU domain (pronounced 'pow') is a highly charged 155-162-amino-acid (aa) region of sequence similarity contained within three mammalian transcription factors. Pt-1 (ref. 2), Oct-1 (ref. 3) and Oc89070684 The role of the leucine zipper in the fos-jun interaction. Kouzarides T; Ziff E Nature 336: 646-51 (1988) Mutagenesis of the fos protein supports the hypothesis that a heptad repeat of leucine residues stabilizes the interaction between the fos and jun proteins. We show that the complex between fos and ju89070696 The carboxy-terminal 30 amino acids of GAL4 are recognized by GAL80. Ma J; Ptashne M Cell 50: 137-42 (1987) In wild-type yeast the action of the transcriptional activator GAL4 is inhibited by GAL80, and galactose relieves this inhibition. We show that deletion mutants of GAL4 lacking 30 amino acids of the c87244318 Repeated B motifs in the human immunodeficiency virus type I long terminal repeat enhancer region do not exhibit cooperative factor binding. Gaynor RB; Kuwabara MD; Wu FK; Garcia JA; Harrich D; Briskin M; Wall R; Sigman DS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 9406-10 (1988) The enhancer element of the human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) long terminal repeat (LTR) contains two copies of nearly identical sequences AGGGACTTTCC (3G sequence) and GGGGACTTTCC (4G seque89071707 Translational repression in eukaryotes: partial purification and characterization of a repressor of ferritin mRNA translation. Walden WE; Daniels-McQueen S; Brown PH; Gaffield L; Russell DA; Bielser D; Bailey LC; Thach RE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 9503-7 (1988) Mouse and rabbit ferritin mRNAs translate very poorly in rabbit reticulocyte lysates relative to most other mRNAs. This translational deficiency is not seen in wheat germ lysates, suggesting the prese89071727 Stable expression of the tax gene of type I human T-cell leukemia virus in human T cells activates specific cellular genes involved in growth. Wano Y; Feinberg M; Hosking JB; Bogerd H; Greene WC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 9733-7 (1988) Stable expression of the 40-kDa transactivator protein (Tax) from the type I human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) in Jurkat T cells leads to the activation and sustained expression of certain cellular89071770 Pseudogene in the genome of bacteriophage lambda? Kypr J; Mrazek J Biochem Biophys Res Commun 145: 330-5 (1987) We find a region in the non-coding part of bacteriophage lambda genome that codes for the conserved fold which repressors and other proteins use for specific DNA binding. The region is involved in a l87241519 Many transcription factors interact synergistically with steroid receptors. Schule R; Muller M; Kaltschmidt C; Renkawitz R Science 242: 1418-20 (1988) Progesterone (PRE) or glucocorticoid receptor (GRE) DNA binding sites are often found clustered with binding sites for other transcription factors. Individual protein binding sites were tested without89072710 Generation of a mutant form of protein synthesis initiation factor eIF-2 lacking the site of phosphorylation by eIF-2 kinases. Pathak VK; Schindler D; Hershey JW Mol Cell Biol 8: 993-5 (1988) The phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of initiation factor eIF-2 leads to an inhibition of protein synthesis in mammalian cells. We have performed site-directed mutagenesis on a cDNA encoding the a88174747 Capturing nuclear sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins by using simian virus 40-derived minichromosomes. Nir U; Fodor E; Rutter WJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 982-7 (1988) We have used recombinant simian virus 40 (SV40) minichromosomes to retrieve sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins derived from the cell nucleus of COS-7 cells. We showed that the transcription factor88174745 Evidence for phosphorylation of trans-activator p40x of human T-cell leukemia virus type I produced in insect cells with a baculovirus expression vector. Nyunoya H; Akagi T; Ogura T; Maeda S; Shimotohno K Virology 167: 538-44 (1988) Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) encodes a trans-activator protein p40x which positively regulates transcription of the viral RNA as well as interleukin-2 and its receptor genes. We placed 89073757 [Relation between DNA transcription and repair in stress] Meerson FZ; Vasil'ev VK Vopr Med Khim 32: 107-10 (1986) Stress-induced DNA breaking may occur partially as a result of decrease in 5-methyl cytosine content. Poststressory activation of transcription was shown to follow the stimulation of the DNA repair sy86153684 Identification of proteins interacting with the enhancer of human U2 small nuclear RNA genes. Janson L; Bark C; Pettersson U Nucleic Acids Res 15: 4997-5016 (1987) Protein/DNA interactions in the human U2 RNA gene enhancer have been characterized by DNase I footprint and DMS methylation protection analyses. Nuclear factors present in both HeLa and B cell extract87259982 Expression of a cellular gene cloned in herpes simplex virus: rabbit beta-globin is regulated as an early viral gene in infected fibroblasts. Smiley JR; Smibert C; Everett RD J Virol 61: 2368-77 (1987) We constructed nondefective herpes simplex virus type 1 recombinants bearing the intact rabbit beta-globin gene inserted into the viral gene for thymidine kinase to study the expression of a cellular 87254413 trans-activation of RNA polymerase II and III promoters by SV40 small t antigen. Loeken M; Bikel I; Livingston DM; Brady J Cell 55: 1171-7 (1988) A biochemical role for SV40 small t antigen (t) in the viral infectious cycle that would explain the strong conservation of t structure among papovaviruses and its role as a helper of SV40 large T ant89077545 Autonomous functional domains of chemically synthesized human immunodeficiency virus tat trans-activator protein. Green M; Loewenstein PM Cell 55: 1179-88 (1988) HIV-1 encodes a potent trans-activator protein, tat, which is essential for viral gene expression. To study tat domains that function in trans-activation, we chemically synthesized the 86 amino acid t89077546 Cellular uptake of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus. Frankel AD; Pabo CO Cell 55: 1189-93 (1988) While developing an assay to measure the activity of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), we discovered that the purified protein could be taken up by cells growing in tissue c89077547 The Drosophila su(Hw) gene, which controls the phenotypic effect of the gypsy transposable element, encodes a putative DNA-binding protein. Parkhurst SM; Harrison DA; Remington MP; Spana C; Kelley RL; Coyne RS; Corces VG Genes Dev 2: 1205-15 (1988) Homozygous mutations at the suppressor of Hairy-wing [su(Hw)] locus reverse the phenotype of gypsy-induced alleles in a number of genes located throughout the Drosophila genome. To understand the mole89078995 Octamer-binding proteins from B or HeLa cells stimulate transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter in vitro. LeBowitz JH; Kobayashi T; Staudt L; Baltimore D; Sharp PA Genes Dev 2: 1227-37 (1988) The B-cell-type specificity of the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain and light-chain promoters is mediated by an octanucleotide (OCTA) element, ATGCAAAT, that is also a functional component of other RNA89078997 Identification of distinct cytoplasmic targets for ras/R-ras and rho regulatory proteins. Garrett MD; Self AJ; van Oers C; Hall A J Biol Chem 264: 10-3 (1989) The protein products of the mammalian ras genes, p21ras, are regulatory guanine nucleotide binding proteins that are involved in the control of cell proliferation, though the exact biochemical process89079633 Crystallization of the bifunctional biotin operon repressor. Brennan RG; Vasu S; Matthews BW; Otsuka AJ J Biol Chem 264: 5 (1989) The bifunctional birA gene product, BirA, which represses the biotin biosynthetic bio operon and also activates biotin in Escherichia coli, has been crystallized. The crystals have the tetragonal spac89079699 Natural antibodies to HIV-tat epitopes and expression of HIV-1 genes in vivo. Krone WJ; Debouck C; Epstein LG; Heutink P; Meloen R; Goudsmit J J Med Virol 26: 261-70 (1988) The tat regulatory protein of HIV-1 was expressed as a fusion protein in E. coli and used as antigen to detect antibodies against HIV-tat (anti-tat) in the serum of HIV-1 infected children and adults.89080550 Theoretical mechanisms for synthesis of carcinogen-induced embryonic proteins: XX. Embryonic gene perturbations expressed in terms of matrix algebra. Hancock RL Med Hypotheses 27: 15-8 (1988) Simple matrix expressions can be devised for gene repressor associations that lend themselves to manipulations such as linear transformation matrices. Such transformation matrices act in perturbing re89082387 A nuclear factor is required for transactivation of HTLV-I gene expression. Park RE; Haseltine WA; Rosen CA Oncogene 3: 275-9 (1988) Human T-cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV-I) gene expression is regulated by both constitutive and inducible enhancer elements. The viral components required for inducible enhancer function include the cis-ac89083196 Similar effects of adenovirus E1A and glucocorticoid hormones on the expression of the metalloprotease stromelysin. Offringa R; Smits AM; Houweling A; Bos JL; van der Eb AJ Nucleic Acids Res 16: 10973-84 (1988) The stromelysin (sml) gene encodes a secreted protease which degrades components of the extracellular matrix. Transformation of NRK49F cells by the E1A region of adenovirus (Ad) type 5 or 12 reduces s89083542 Transcriptional and post-transcriptional effects of nerve growth factor on expression of the three neurofilament subunits in PC-12 cells. Lindenbaum MH; Carbonetto S; Grosveld F; Flavell D; Mushynski WE J Biol Chem 263: 5662-7 (1988) Nerve growth factor (NGF) is known to increase the levels of neurofilament proteins in PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells. In this report, we show that the three neurofilament subunits, NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H88186880 Xenopus transcription factor IIIA forms a complex of covalent character with 5S DNA. Blanco J; Gottesfeld JM Nucleic Acids Res 16: 11267-84 (1988) The 5S gene-specific transcription factor TFIIIA forms an exceptionally stable complex with the internal promoter of the 5S RNA gene. Approximately 1 to 5% of TFIIIA-DNA or deoxyoligonucleotide comple89083560 How gene activators work. Ptashne M Sci Am 260: 40-7 (1989) 89084568 The crystal structure of trp aporepressor at 1.8 A shows how binding tryptophan enhances DNA affinity. Zhang RG; Joachimiak A; Lawson CL; Schevitz RW; Otwinowski Z; Sigler PB Nature 327: 591-7 (1987) Comparison of the crystal structure of inactive unliganded trp aporepressor with that of trp repressor shows that binding tryptophan activates the dimer a thousandfold by moving two symmetrically-disp87258166 Combining thermostable mutations increases the stability of lambda repressor. Stearman RS; Frankel AD; Freire E; Liu BS; Pabo CO Biochemistry 27: 7571-4 (1988) We have combined three mutations previously shown to stabilize lambda repressor against thermal denaturation. Two of these mutations are in helix 3, where Gly-46 and Gly-48 have been replaced by alani89088124 Induction of a factor that binds to the polyoma virus A enhancer on differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells. Kryszke MH; Piette J; Yaniv M Nature 328: 254-6 (1987) The cell type specificity of certain enhancers, competition experiments and the interactions that occur between proteins and enhancer sequences demonstrate that enhancers are the targets of specific f87258255 Sequestration analysis for RNA polymerase I transcription factors with various deletion and point mutations reveals different functional regions of the mouse rRNA gene promoter. Nagamine M; Kishimoto T; Aono J; Kato H; Kominami R; Muramatsu M Mol Cell Biol 7: 1486-95 (1987) We compared the ability of various deletion and substitution mutants of the mouse rRNA gene promoter to bind essential factors required for accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase I. Diffe87257839 Transcription-driven supercoiling of DNA: direct biochemical evidence from in vitro studies. Tsao YP; Wu HY; Liu LF Cell 56: 111-8 (1989) The translocation of an RNA polymerase elongation complex along double helical DNA has been proposed to generate positive supercoiling waves ahead of and negative supercoiling waves behind the transcr89089750 c-mos proto-oncogene RNA transcripts in mouse tissues: structural features, developmental regulation, and localization in specific cell types. Propst F; Rosenberg MP; Iyer A; Kaul K; Vande Woude GF Mol Cell Biol 7: 1629-37 (1987) c-mos RNA transcripts have been previously detected in mouse gonadal tissue and in late-term embryos. Here, we show that they are also present at low levels in placenta and in adult mouse brain, kidne87257860 A model to account for the effects of oncogenes, TPA, and retinoic acid on the regulation of genes involved in metastasis. Pohl J; Radler-Pohl A; Schirrmacher V Cancer Metastasis Rev 7: 347-56 (1988) We have postulated that signals from the microenvironment can induce shifts in tumor cell phenotypes and that microenvironmental factors are therefore important for cancer metastasis. In this article 89090010 B-cell nuclear proteins binding in vitro to the human immunoglobulin kappa enhancer: localization by exonuclease protection. Gimble JM; Levens D; Max EE Mol Cell Biol 7: 1815-22 (1987) Proteins capable of interacting with the enhancer of the immunoglobulin kappa gene in vitro have been detected in extracts of nuclei from human B cells and from human, mouse, and rabbit spleens. The e87257882 Cloning and nucleotide sequence of phoP, the regulatory gene for alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase in Bacillus subtilis. Seki T; Yoshikawa H; Takahashi H; Saito H J Bacteriol 169: 2913-6 (1987) Two DNA fragments which complement the alkaline phosphatase-negative mutation phoP of Bacillus subtilis were cloned from a B. subtilis chromosome with the prophage vector phi CM (a derivative of phi 187250247 Cellular localization of nerve growth factor synthesis by in situ hybridization. Bandtlow CE; Heumann R; Schwab ME; Thoenen H EMBO J 6: 891-9 (1987) A very sensitive and specific method for in situ hybridization has been developed. This method detects low copy numbers of mRNA(NGF) transcripts in both tissue sections and cultured cells using 35S-la87246522 Cytosine methylation does not affect binding of transcription factor Sp1. Harrington MA; Jones PA; Imagawa M; Karin M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2066-70 (1988) DNA methylation may be a component of a multilevel control mechanism that regulates eukaryotic gene expression. We used synthetic oligonucleotides to investigate the effect of cytosine methylation on 88176887 Base sequence-specific interactions of operator DNA fragments with the lambda-cro repressor coupled with changes in their conformations. Lee SJ; Shirakawa M; Akutsu H; Kyogoku Y; Shiraishi M; Kitano K; Shin M; Ohtsuka E; Ikehara M EMBO J 6: 1129-35 (1987) The mechanism of interaction of the operator DNA with the lambda-cro repressor protein was investigated using proton n.m.r. and photo CIDNP. Three kinds of DNA duplexes, the lambda-OR3 17-mer, phi80-O87246515 Interaction of positive and negative regulatory proteins in the galactose regulon of yeast. Johnston SA; Salmeron JM Jr; Dincher SS Cell 50: 143-6 (1987) Transcriptional regulation in the galactose regulon of yeast is determined by an interplay between a positive regulatory protein, GAL4, and a negative regulatory protein, GAL80. We show that derivativ87244319 Competition studies with repressors and activators of viral enhancer function in F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Sleigh MJ; Lockett TJ; Kelly J; Lewy D Nucleic Acids Res 15: 4307-24 (1987) DNA competition studies have been used to investigate the presence of a repressor of viral enhancer function in F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. The complete polyoma virus enhancer region, cotransf87231007 A threonine to alanine exchange at position 40 of Tet repressor alters the recognition of the sixth base pair of tet operator from GC to AT. Altschmied L; Baumeister R; Pfleiderer K; Hillen W EMBO J 7: 4011-7 (1988) The tet operators of two naturally evolved tetracycline resistance determinants differ by a G.C to A.T transition at the sixth base pair. This mutation prevents heterologous recognition of these tet o89091153 Transcription analysis of a human U4C gene: involvement of transcription factors novel to snRNA gene expression. Weller P; Bark C; Janson L; Pettersson U Genes Dev 2: 1389-99 (1988) We have investigated the promoter requirements for in vivo transcription of a human U4C snRNA gene following transfection into HeLa cells. Two elements required for maximal U4C transcription were iden89091989 The mast cell-specific expression of a protease gene, RMCP II, is regulated by an enhancer element that binds specifically to mast cell trans-acting factors. Sarid J; Benfey PN; Leder P J Biol Chem 264: 1022-6 (1989) The rat mast cell protease gene, RMCP II, is specifically expressed in the mucosal subclass of rat mast cells. We show here that the 5'-flanking region of this gene contains a mast cell-specific enhan89093083 Purification and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor IIIA. Wang CK; Weil PA J Biol Chem 264: 1092-9 (1989) Saccharomyces cerevisiae Transcription Factor IIIA (TFIIIA) has been purified to apparent homogeneity. Two polypeptides copurified with TFIIIA activity. Yeast TFIIIA is a DNA-binding protein which exh89093094 In vitro synthesis, phosphorylation, and localization on 48 S initiation complexes of human protein synthesis initiation factor 4E. Hiremath LS; Hiremath ST; Rychlik W; Joshi S; Domier LL; Rhoads RE J Biol Chem 264: 1132-8 (1989) Complementary DNA for human eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF-4E) was transcribed in vitro and the transcripts used to direct protein synthesis in a cell-free reticulocyte translation system. The p89093099 Facilitated target location in biological systems. von Hippel PH; Berg OG J Biol Chem 264: 675-8 (1989) In this minireview we have attempted to provide some overall perspective on the question of how various forms of diffusion in reduced dimensions, or diffusion within a nonspecifically bound state, can89093128 Mutations in the Tn10 tet repressor that interfere with induction. Location of the tetracycline-binding domain. Smith LD; Bertrand KP J Mol Biol 203: 949-59 (1988) Tetracycline induces transcription of the Tn10 tetracycline resistance gene (tetA) by binding to the tet repressor, thereby reducing the repressor's affinity for two operator sites that overlap the te89094871 Activation of human papillomavirus type 18 gene expression by herpes simplex virus type 1 viral transactivators and a phorbol ester. Gius D; Laimins LA J Virol 63: 555-63 (1989) Several viral trans-activators and a tumor promoter were examined for the ability to activate human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV-18) gene expression. A plasmid containing the HPV-18 noncoding region pl89094979 Evidence for a shift in 5'-termini of early viral RNA during the lytic cycle of JC virus. Khalili K; Feigenbaum L; Khoury G Virology 158: 469-72 (1987) We have used primer extension and S1 analysis to localize the 5'-termini of JC virus (JCV) early RNAs in infected primary human fetal glial cells at various times postinfection and in stable JCV-trans87236216 The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DR enhancer contains two functionally different domains: domain A is constitutive and cell specific, domain B is transactivated by the EBV early protein R. Chevallier-Greco A; Gruffat H; Manet E; Calender A; Sergeant A J Virol 63: 615-23 (1989) The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DR promoter is located upstream of the PstI repeats, and besides the TATA box, it contains two cis-acting regulatory elements. One of them has enhancer properties. To defi89094987 Characterization of the DNA-binding properties of herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP4. Kattar-Cooley P; Wilcox KW J Virol 63: 696-704 (1989) ICP4 is a herpesvirus-encoded protein that is expressed during the immediate-early phase of productive infection and is required for efficient transcription of viral genes during the early and late ph89094997 Identification of proteins encoded by Epstein-Barr virus trans-activator genes. Marschall M; Leser U; Seibl R; Wolf H J Virol 63: 938-42 (1989) Specific antisera were generated to characterize Epstein-Barr virus proteins reported to have trans-activating properties. Open reading frame BRLF1 was found to be expressed in two modifications in vi89095025 Phosphorylation at serine 89 induces a shift in gel mobility but has little effect on the function of adenovirus type 5 E1A proteins. Dumont DJ; Tremblay ML; Branton PE J Virol 63: 987-91 (1989) Phosphorylation at serine 89 was shown to be the major cause of the shift in gel migration of the 289R and 243R early region 1A (E1A) proteins of human adenovirus type 5. However, conversion of Ser-8989095037 Changes in neurofilament gene expression occur after axotomy of dorsal root ganglion neurons: an in situ hybridization study. Wong J; Oblinger MM Metab Brain Dis 2: 291-303 (1987) Neurofilaments (NFs) are predominant elements in large myelinated axons, where they are thought to serve the important function of maintaining axonal caliber. Previous studies have shown that changes 89096698 Regulation of translation by poliovirus. Sonenberg N Adv Virus Res 33: 175-204 (1987) 87238184 Regulation of inducible and tissue-specific gene expression. Maniatis T; Goodbourn S; Fischer JA Science 236: 1237-45 (1987) Molecular genetics approaches have been used to identify and characterize cis-acting DNA sequences required for eukaryotic gene regulation. These sequences are modular in nature, consisting of arrays 87234328 Purified mu EBP-E binds to immunoglobulin enhancers and promoters. Peterson CL; Eaton S; Calame K Mol Cell Biol 8: 4972-80 (1988) We describe the purification to apparent homogeneity of the murine immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) enhancer-binding protein mu EBP-E from murine plasmacytoma cells by ion exchange and affinity chroma89096871 In cell lines constitutively synthesizing a temperature-sensitive ICP4 protein of herpes simplex virus type 1, amount and function of ICP4 are both regulated by temperature. Persson RH; Bacchetti S Virology 158: 285-93 (1987) We have established two cell lines that constitutively synthesize a temperature-sensitive form of ICP4, the herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein that activates early and late transcription. IC87236194 Localization of the human JUN protooncogene to chromosome region 1p31-32. Haluska FG; Huebner K; Isobe M; Nishimura T; Croce CM; Vogt PK Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2215-8 (1988) The oncogene jun is the putative transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17; jun appears to be derived from a gene of the chicken genome and has homologues in several other vertebrate species. Recent88176915 Intragenic cis-acting art gene-responsive sequences of the human immunodeficiency virus. Rosen CA; Terwilliger E; Dayton A; Sodroski JG; Haseltine WA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2071-5 (1988) The art gene product of the human immunodeficiency virus is required for the expression of virion capsid and envelope gene proteins. The experiments presented here show that sequences located within t88176888 Selective inhibition of growth-related gene expression in murine keratinocytes by transforming growth factor beta. Coffey RJ Jr; Bascom CC; Sipes NJ; Graves-Deal R; Weissman BE; Moses HL Mol Cell Biol 8: 3088-93 (1988) Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) is a potent inhibitor of epithelial cell proliferation. A nontumorigenic epidermal growth factor (EGF)-dependent epithelial cell line, BALB/MK, is reversibly89096894 Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus forms a metal-linked dimer. Frankel AD; Bredt DS; Pabo CO Science 240: 70-3 (1988) Tat, the transactivating protein from HIV, forms a metal-linked dimer with metal ions bridging cysteine-rich regions from each monomer. This novel arrangement is distinct from the "zinc finger" domain88178074 The DNA-binding properties of the major regulatory protein alpha 4 of herpes simplex viruses. Michael N; Spector D; Mavromara-Nazos P; Kristie TM; Roizman B Science 239: 1531-4 (1988) The transition from the expression of alpha, the first set of five herpes simplex virus genes expressed after infection, to beta and gamma genes, expressed later in infection, requires the participati88178055 Developmental expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in mouse fetus. Wilcox JN; Derynck R Mol Cell Biol 8: 3415-22 (1988) Expression of mRNA for transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and TGF-beta 1 during the fetal development of mice was evaluated by in situ hybridization. TGF-alpha mRNA was detected in 9- and 1089096934 Negative regulation of the human polyomavirus BK enhancer involves cell-specific interaction with a nuclear repressor. Grinnell BW; Berg DT; Walls JD Mol Cell Biol 8: 3448-57 (1988) We have examined the cell type-specific regulation of the human BK virus (BKV) enhancer. This enhancer functions efficiently in cis to activate expression from the adenovirus major late promoter in th89096938 Differential repression of SOS genes by unstable lexA41 (tsl-1) protein causes a "split-phenotype" in Escherichia coli K-12. Peterson KR; Mount DW J Mol Biol 193: 27-40 (1987) The lexA41 (formerly tsl-1) mutant was isolated as an ultraviolet light-resistant, temperature-sensitive derivative of its ultraviolet light-sensitive lexA3(Ind-) parent. Cells exhibit a so-called "sp87226195 Functional mapping of the human papillomavirus type 11 transcriptional enhancer and its interaction with the trans-acting E2 proteins [published erratum appears in Genes Dev 1988 Apr;2(4):490] Hirochika H; Hirochika R; Broker TR; Chow LT Genes Dev 2: 54-67 (1988) The transcriptional enhancer sequences of the papillomaviruses are regulated by trans-acting factors encoded by the viral E2 open reading frame. We have performed detailed functional and physical anal88185823 Nerve growth factor regulates expression of neuropeptide genes in adult sensory neurons. Lindsay RM; Harmar AJ Nature 337: 362-4 (1989) Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a trophic molecule essential for the survival of sympathetic and sensory neurons during ontogeny. The extent to which NGF is involved in the maintenance or regulation of t89097306 Analysis of transcription control elements of the mouse myelin basic protein gene in HeLa cell extracts: demonstration of a strong NFI-binding motif in the upstream region. Tamura T; Miura M; Ikenaka K; Mikoshiba K Nucleic Acids Res 16: 11441-59 (1988) Promoter elements of the mouse myelin basic protein (MBP) gene were analyzed by in vitro transcription using HeLa cell extracts. We demonstrated the MBTE (MBP transcription element), GC-box core and T89098302 Trans-acting regulatory factors for T cell antigen receptor alpha- and gamma-chain gene expression. Maeda K; Nakashima M; Komori S; Watanabe T J Immunol 140: 2796-801 (1988) BALB/c mouse thymoma-derived T cell line, CAK4.4 (Thy-1+, L3T4-, Lyt-2-), produced a large amount of TCR-gamma mRNA, a trace amount of TCR-beta mRNA but no detectable level of TCR-alpha mRNA. Another 88187396 DNA conformational change in Gal repressor-operator complex: involvement of central G-C base pair(s) of dyad symmetry. Wartell RM; Adhya S Nucleic Acids Res 16: 11531-41 (1988) Gal repressor dimer binds to two gal operator sites, OE and OI, which are 16 bp long similar sequences with hyphenated dyad symmetries (11,12). Repressor occupation hinders the reactivity of the N7 at89098308 Identification and purification of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein with the DNA binding specificity of mammalian activating transcription factor. Lin YS; Green MR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 109-13 (1989) Activating transcription factor (ATF) is a mammalian transcriptional activator, which is involved in the expression of many viral E1a-inducible and cellular cAMP-inducible genes. Here we identify from89098860 Structure of the NGFI-A gene and detection of upstream sequences responsible for its transcriptional induction by nerve growth factor. Changelian PS; Feng P; King TC; Milbrandt J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 377-81 (1989) The NGFI-A gene encodes a "zinc-finger" protein that is rapidly induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. The complete exon/intron organization and nucleotide sequence o89098920 Isolation of the yeast gene encoding elongation factor 3 for protein synthesis. Qin SL; Moldave K; McLaughlin CS J Biol Chem 262: 7802-7 (1987) The gene YEF-3 encoding the elongation factor 3 (EF-3) for peptide chain elongation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been isolated by immunoscreening of a yeast genomic library in the phage lambda gt1187222410 Analysis of the sequence-specific interactions between Cro repressor and operator DNA by systematic base substitution experiments. Takeda Y; Sarai A; Rivera VM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 439-43 (1989) We measured quantitatively the binding affinities of purified Cro repressor to the chemically synthesized wild-type and mutant OR1 operators, consisting of all three possible base-pair substitutions a89098948 Complex of lac repressor headpiece with a 14 base-pair lac operator fragment studied by two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance. Boelens R; Scheek RM; van Boom JH; Kaptein R J Mol Biol 193: 213-6 (1987) Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectra are presented of the complex of lac repressor headpiece with a 14 base-pair lac operator fragment. Analysis of nuclear Overhauser enhancements ob87226188 In vivo DNA loops in araCBAD: size limits and helical repeat. Lee DH; Schleif RF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 476-80 (1989) Formation of a DNA loop by AraC proteins bound at the araI and araO2 sites, whose center-to-center distance is 211 base pairs, is necessary for repression of the araBAD promoter, PBAD, of Escherichia 89098956 Interaction of cellular factors related to the Jun oncoprotein with the promoter of a replication-dependent hamster histone H3.2 gene. Sharma A; Bos TJ; Pekkala-Flagan A; Vogt PK; Lee AS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 491-5 (1989) The promoter region of a replication-dependent histone H3.2 gene contains a putative DNA binding site for the Jun oncoprotein within a 32-nucleotide regulatory domain. The hamster sequence differs by 89098959 Compilation of transcription regulating proteins. Wingender E Nucleic Acids Res 16: 1879-902 (1988) 88189791 AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma-derived cells express cytokines with autocrine and paracrine growth effects. Ensoli B; Nakamura S; Salahuddin SZ; Biberfeld P; Larsson L; Beaver B; Wong-Staal F; Gallo RC Science 243: 223-6 (1989) When grown in vitro, cells from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of AIDS patients (AIDS-KS cells) constitutively release several growth promoting activities. When inoculated into nude mice, the AIDS-KS cells 89100264 Chromosomal rearrangement generating a composite gene for a developmental transcription factor. Stragier P; Kunkel B; Kroos L; Losick R Science 243: 507-12 (1989) Differential gene expression in the mother cell chamber of sporulating cells of Bacillus subtilis is determined in part by an RNA polymerase sigma factor called sigma K (or sigma 27). The sigma K fact89100299 Estrogens and growth factors induce the mRNA of the 52K-pro-cathepsin-D secreted by breast cancer cells. Cavailles V; Augereau P; Garcia M; Rochefort H Nucleic Acids Res 16: 1903-19 (1988) The estrogen-induced 52K protein secreted by human breast cancer cells is a lysosomal protease recently identified as a pro-cathepsin D by sequencing several cDNA clones isolated from MCF7 cells (Auge88189792 Evidence that the leucine zipper is a coiled coil. O'Shea EK; Rutkowski R; Kim PS Science 243: 538-42 (1989) Recently, a hypothetical structure called a leucine zipper was proposed that defines a new class of DNA binding proteins. The common feature of these proteins is a region spanning approximately 30 ami89100305 Regulation of EGF receptor and transforming growth factor-alpha expression. Kudlow JE; Bjorge JD; Kobrin MS; Paterson AJ Adv Exp Med Biol 234: 105-26 (1988) 89102817 Activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase (dsl) by the TAR region of HIV-1 mRNA: a novel translational control mechanism. Edery I; Petryshyn R; Sonenberg N Cell 56: 303-12 (1989) All mRNAs of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) contain in their 5' untranslated region a sequence termed TAR that responds to trans-activation by the tat (trans-activating) protein. This RNA sequ89106222 Transcriptional regulation of osteocalcin production by transforming growth factor-beta in rat osteoblast-like cells. Noda M Endocrinology 124: 612-7 (1989) Osteocalcin (OC) is one of the abundant non-collagenous bone matrix proteins produced exclusively by osteoblasts, and its serum level is used as an indicator of bone metabolism in patients. Transformi89107035 Transforming growth factor-alpha gene expression and action in the seminiferous tubule: peritubular cell-Sertoli cell interactions. Skinner MK; Takacs K; Coffey RJ Endocrinology 124: 845-54 (1989) The local production and action of an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like substance within the seminiferous tubule was investigated as a potential mediator of cell-cell interactions. Peritubular (myoid89107069 The POU domain: a large conserved region in the mammalian pit-1, oct-1, oct-2, and Caenorhabditis elegans unc-86 gene products. Herr W; Sturm RA; Clerc RG; Corcoran LM; Baltimore D; Sharp PA; Ingraham HA; Rosenfeld MG; Finney M; Ruvkun G; et al Genes Dev 2: 1513-6 (1988) 89107987 Rhizobium meliloti ntrA (rpoN) gene is required for diverse metabolic functions. Ronson CW; Nixon BT; Albright LM; Ausubel FM J Bacteriol 169: 2424-31 (1987) We report the identification and cloning of an ntrA-like (glnF rpoN) gene of Rhizobium meliloti and show that the R. meliloti ntrA product (NtrA) is required for C4-dicarboxylate transport as well as 87222158 Plasmid vector pBR322 and its special-purpose derivatives--a review. Balbas P; Soberon X; Merino E; Zurita M; Lomeli H; Valle F; Flores N; Bolivar F Gene 50: 3-40 (1986) The plasmid pBR322 was one of the first EK2 multipurpose cloning vectors to be designed and constructed (ten years ago) for the efficient cloning and selection of recombinant DNA molecules in Escheric87219889 The ubiquitous octamer-binding protein Oct-1 contains a POU domain with a homeo box subdomain. Sturm RA; Das G; Herr W Genes Dev 2: 1582-99 (1988) The octamer motif ATGCAAAT is recognized indistinguishably by two mammalian transcription factors: one that is expressed ubiquitously and referred to here as Oct-1, and another, Oct-2, that is express89107993 In vitro analysis of the Antennapedia P2 promoter: identification of a new Drosophila transcription factor. Perkins KK; Dailey GM; Tjian R Genes Dev 2: 1615-26 (1988) We have investigated the transcriptional regulation of the Antennapedia P2 (Antp P2) promoter using nuclear extracts prepared from Drosophila embryos. Transcriptional analysis of deletion mutants reve89107995 Multicopy expression vector based on temperature-regulated lac repressor: expression of human immunodeficiency virus env gene in Escherichia coli. Bukrinsky MI; Barsov EV; Shilov AA Gene 70: 415-7 (1988) A new expression vector (pBB1) has been constructed for the regulated expression of genes in Escherichia coli. Based on the pUC plasmids, the pBB1 carries lacIts allele of the lac repressor gene. This89108027 A heat-shock-inducible eukaryotic expression vector. Schweinfest CW; Jorcyk CL; Fujiwara S; Papas TS Gene 71: 207-10 (1988) We describe a construct, pHS/Cla, containing the Drosophila melanogaster hsp70 promoter which serves as an inducible expression vector in mammalian cells. The construct was made in the plasmid pAT153,89108041 Purification of human transcription factor IIIA and its interaction with a chemically synthesized gene encoding human 5 S rRNA. Seifart KH; Wang L; Waldschmidt R; Jahn D; Wingender E J Biol Chem 264: 1702-9 (1989) Transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) was purified from cytoplasmic extracts of HeLa cells by developing a simple and efficient procedure employing phosphocellulose under widely differing ionic condition89109186 Essential and non-essential domains in the Bradyrhizobium japonicum NifA protein: identification of indispensable cysteine residues potentially involved in redox reactivity and/or metal binding. Fischer HM; Bruderer T; Hennecke H Nucleic Acids Res 16: 2207-24 (1988) The amino acid sequence of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum nitrogen fixation regulatory protein NifA, as derived from the nucleotide sequence of the nifA gene, was aligned to the corresponding protein se88189813 Mapping of the multiple regulatory sites for putP and putA expression in the putC region of Escherichia coli. Nakao T; Yamato I; Anraku Y Mol Gen Genet 214: 379-88 (1988) The effects of regulatory proteins on the expression of putP and putA were studied using put-lacZ fusion genes. The expression of the putP-lacZ gene was activated by the glnG gene product and the cata89112141 Kinetics of cellular oncogene expression in mouse lymphocytes. II. Regulation of c-fos and c-myc gene expression. Schneider-Schaulies J; Schimpl A; Wecker E Eur J Immunol 17: 713-8 (1987) Newly isolated lymphocytes from mouse spleens express the c-fos oncogene even in the absence of mitogen with maximal mRNA levels 60 min post preparation of single cell suspension, whereas c-myc mRNA l87218781 Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor. Angel P; Imagawa M; Chiu R; Stein B; Imbra RJ; Rahmsdorf HJ; Jonat C; Herrlich P; Karin M Cell 49: 729-39 (1987) The promoter regions of several phorbol diester-(TPA-) inducible genes (collagenase, stromelysin, hMT IIA, and SV40) share a conserved 9 bp motif. Synthetic copies of these closely related sequences c87215937 The interaction of lac repressor headpiece with its operator: an NMR view. Boelens R; Lamerichs RM; Rullmann JA; van Boom JH; Kaptein R Protein Seq Data Anal 1: 487-98 (1988) Analysis of nuclear Overhauser enhancements in two-dimensional NMR spectra of the complex of lac repressor headpiece with a 14 base pair lac operator fragment shows that the second helix of the headpi89113344 Transcriptional regulation of competence genes in Balb/c-3T3 cells. Cochran BH; Townes J; Hayes TE Prog Clin Biol Res 284: 225-41 (1988) 89113398 The studies of COUP transcription factor from HeLa cells: purification and partial characterization. Wang LH; Tsai SY; Wang H; Sagami I; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Prog Clin Biol Res 284: 37-51 (1988) A transcription factor COUP, which is responsible for the recognition of the Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter sequence between -70 and -90, is required for efficient transcription of the ovalbumin 89113399 POU! Goes the homeobox [news] Benditt J Sci Am 260: 20, 22 (1989) 89114381 Solution conformations of DNAs containing binding sites of the catabolite gene activator protein and lac repressor protein: characterization by Raman spectroscopy. DeGrazia H; Brown D; Cheung S; Wartell RM Biochemistry 27: 6359-65 (1988) Raman spectra from three subfragments of the Escherichia coli lactose promoter region were obtained in 0.1 M NaCl. The three DNAs are 21, 40, and 62 bp in length. The 21 and 62 bp DNAs contain the bin89118225 Genetic regulation of estrogen-dependent repression of female-specific testosterone 16 alpha-hydroxylase (I-P-450(16 alpha) in male mouse liver: murine Ripr locus. Noshiro M; Negishi M Biochemistry 27: 6444-8 (1988) The genetic basis for repression of I-P-450(16 alpha) in livers of male mice was examined in 129/J and BALB/cJ mice. Castration of adult male BALB/cJ but not 129/J mice resulted in derepression of I-P89118236 Temporal changes in PO and MBP gene expression after crush-injury of the adult peripheral nerve. Gupta SK; Poduslo JF; Mezei C Brain Res 464: 133-41 (1988) The crush-injured sciatic nerve provides a model to study Schwann cell regulation of myelin gene expression during the process of demyelination and remyelination. In order to investigate the possible 89118969 Autoregulation of bacteriophage P2 repressor. Saha S; Lundqvist B; Haggard-Ljungquist E EMBO J 6: 809-14 (1987) The immunity repressor of bacteriophage P2 regulates the two convergent promoters, Pe and Pc, located in the early control region. Pe is the early promoter which is negatively regulated by the repress87218539 Nucleoprotein complexes that regulate gene expression in adipocyte differentiation: direct participation of c-fos. Distel RJ; Ro HS; Rosen BS; Groves DL; Spiegelman BM Cell 49: 835-44 (1987) Adipocyte differentiation is accompanied by the transcriptional activation of many new genes, including a putative lipid-binding protein termed adipocyte P2 (aP2). The aP2 gene contains a regulatory e87215947 a/Alpha-specific repression by MAT alpha 2. Strathern J; Shafer B; Hicks J; McGill C Genetics 120: 75-81 (1988) The product of the MAT alpha 2 gene is a DNA-binding protein that acts as a repressor of two different sets of cell type-specific genes. In alpha cells, the alpha 2 protein represses the transcription89121448 Homologous metalloregulatory proteins from both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria control transcription of mercury resistance operons. Helmann JD; Wang Y; Mahler I; Walsh CT J Bacteriol 171: 222-9 (1989) We report the overexpression, purification, and properties of the regulatory protein, MerR, for a chromosomally encoded mercury resistance determinant from Bacillus strain RC607. This protein is simil89123021 Homology between virF, the transcriptional activator of the Yersinia virulence regulon, and AraC, the Escherichia coli arabinose operon regulator. Cornelis G; Sluiters C; de Rouvroit CL; Michiels T J Bacteriol 171: 254-62 (1989) Virulent yersiniae (Yersinia pestis, Y. pseudotuberculosis, and Y. enterocolitica) restrict their growth at 37 degrees C in rich medium deprived of calcium. This property, called calcium dependency, c89123026 Xenopus transcription factor IIIA binds primarily at junctions between double helical stems and internal loops in oocyte 5S RNA. Christiansen J; Brown RS; Sproat BS; Garrett RA EMBO J 6: 453-60 (1987) RNases and chemical probes were used to study the accessibility of each nucleotide of 5S RNA in the native and reconstituted 7S particle from Xenopus laevis oocytes. RNase or chemically treated 5S RNA87218501 Identification of a chromosomal gene controlling temperature-regulated expression of Shigella virulence. Maurelli AT; Sansonetti PJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2820-4 (1988) Genes required for the full expression of Shigella virulence are on both the chromosome and a large virulence-associated plasmid. Expression of one or more virulence (vir) genes is temperature-regulat88190160 trp repressor arms contribute binding energy without occupying unique locations on DNA. Carey J J Biol Chem 264: 1941-5 (1989) The amino-terminal arms of dimeric Escherichia coli trp repressor were removed by chymotryptic cleavage of the first 6 residues from each subunit. The role of the arms in structure and function of the89123252 Alternative splicing mechanism in a cytochrome P-450 (P-450PB-1) gene generates the two mRNAs coding for proteins of different functions. Kimura H; Sogawa K; Sakai Y; Fujii-Kuriyama Y J Biol Chem 264: 2338-42 (1989) Two mRNAs for P-450PB-1 and P-450PB-1(ps) are about 2 kilobase pairs long and have identical sequences with each other except for one short region of high variability (Kimura, H., Yoshioka, H., Sogawa89123309 The interaction of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli with the trp operator. Lane AN; Lefevre JF; Jardetzky O Biochim Biophys Acta 909: 58-70 (1987) We have examined the interaction of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli with a 20 base-pair synthetic operator. Nonspecific binding was relatively strong (Kd = 2 microM), but only weakly sensitive87214217 [The role of structural elements of ColE1-related plasmids in replication control] Gurevich AI; Babii NI Bioorg Khim 13: 213-7 (1987) Effect of deletions downstream from the replication origin on copy number of ColE1 related (pBR322 derived) plasmids has been studied. Along with main control elements (RNAI of defined secondary struc87213421 Recognition of DNA sequences by the repressor of bacteriophage 434. Harrison SC; Anderson JE; Koudelka GB; Mondragon A; Subbiah S; Wharton RP; Wolberger C; Ptashne M Biophys Chem 29: 31-7 (1988) The structure of a complex between the DNA-binding domain of phage 434 repressor and a 14 base-pair synthetic DNA operator reveals the molecular interactions important for sequence-specific recognitio88193255 Sequence-specific binding of arc repressor to DNA. Effects of operator mutations and modifications. Vershon AK; Kelley RD; Sauer RT J Biol Chem 264: 3267-73 (1989) A set of arc operators with transition and/or transversion mutations at each operator base pair has been constructed. By determining the ability of Arc to bind these variant operators, the importance 89123450 A new-specificity mutant of 434 repressor that defines an amino acid-base pair contact. Wharton RP; Ptashne M Nature 326: 888-91 (1987) The repressor encoded by bacteriophage 434 binds to its operators by inserting a 'recognition' alpha-helix into the major groove of the DNA. We have identified an amino acid-base pair contact that det87201908 LexA repressor induces operator-dependent DNA bending. Lloubes R; Granger-Schnarr M; Lazdunski C; Schnarr M J Mol Biol 204: 1049-54 (1988) LexA, the repressor of the SOS system in Escherichia coli induces a substantial DNA bending upon interaction with the operator of the caa gene, which codes for the bacterial toxin colicin A. Analysis 89125607 Differences in activities of murine retroviral long terminal repeats in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T-lymphoma cells. LoSardo JE; Cupelli LA; Short MK; Berman JW; Lenz J J Virol 63: 1087-94 (1989) Transcriptional activities of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of various murine leukemia viruses were tested in the cytotoxic T-cell lines CTLL-1 and CTLL-2. In contrast to T-lymphoma cells, in which89125699 The adenovirus type 2 DNA-binding protein interacts with the major late promoter attenuated RNA. Seiberg M; Aloni Y; Levine AJ J Virol 63: 1134-41 (1989) The adenovirus 72-kilodalton DNA-binding protein (DBP) binds to the attenuated RNA derived from the viral major late promoter. Protection from T1 RNase digestion can be observed when DBP is incubated 89125705 Mutational analysis of the conserved basic domain of human immunodeficiency virus tat protein. Hauber J; Malim MH; Cullen BR J Virol 63: 1181-7 (1989) The tat trans-activators encoded by the known strains of primate immunodeficiency virus share a conserved, highly basic protein domain. Mutagenesis of this sequence in the tat gene of human immunodefi89125710 Intragenic complementation among partial peptides of herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP4. Shepard AA; DeLuca NA J Virol 63: 1203-11 (1989) Peptides of the herpes simplex virus type 1 regulatory protein, ICP4, which are translated from genes containing nonsense and deletion mutations retain specific biochemical properties and activities c89125713 Lack of correlation between the accumulation of plus-strand leader RNA and the inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis in vesicular stomatitis virus infected mouse L cells. Dunigan DD; Baird S; Lucas-Lenard J Virology 150: 231-46 (1986) The inhibition of protein synthesis in mouse L cells infected by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) requires expression of two regions (one large and one small) of the viral genome, as determined by tar86153611 Contacts between the LexA repressor--or its DNA-binding domain--and the backbone of the recA operator DNA. Hurstel S; Granger-Schnarr M; Schnarr M EMBO J 7: 269-75 (1988) Using hydroxyl radical footprinting and ethylation interference experiments, we have determined the backbone contacts made by the entire LexA repressor and its amino-terminal fragment with the recA op88196087 In vitro mutagenesis of the human T-cell leukemia virus types I and II tax genes. Cann AJ; Rosenblatt JD; Wachsman W; Chen IS J Virol 63: 1474-9 (1989) The tax gene of the human T-cell leukemia virus types I and II (HTLV-I and HTLV-II) is essential for viral replication and acts by increasing the level of RNA transcription. The tax genes of HTLV-I an89125752 Developmental regulation of micro-injected histone genes in sea urchin embryos. Vitelli L; Kemler I; Lauber B; Birnstiel ML; Busslinger M Dev Biol 127: 54-63 (1988) The developmental behavior of cloned histone genes of Psammechinus miliaris was studied by injection into eggs of two related sea urchin species followed by fertilization. All five early histone genes88196619 An embryonic pattern of expression of a human fetal globin gene in transgenic mice. Chada K; Magram J; Costantini F Nature 319: 685-9 (1986) During the evolution of the beta-globin family gene in vertebrates, different globin genes acquired different developmental patterns of expression. In mammals, specific 'embryonic' beta-like globins a86146843 Segment-specific expression of a zinc-finger gene in the developing nervous system of the mouse. Wilkinson DG; Bhatt S; Chavrier P; Bravo R; Charnay P Nature 337: 461-4 (1989) The process of segmentation, in which repeated homologous structures are generated along the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo is a widespread mechanism in animal development. In vertebrates, segm89127493 Identification of the DNA binding domain of the phage lambda cII transcriptional activator and the direct correlation of cII protein stability with its oligomeric forms. Ho YS; Mahoney ME; Wulff DL; Rosenberg M Genes Dev 2: 184-95 (1988) The bacteriophage lambda transcriptional activator protein cII is a DNA-binding protein that coordinately regulates transcription from phage promoters important for lysogenic growth. We have genetical88196883 Sequence requirement for specific interaction of an enhancer binding protein (EBP1) with DNA. Clark L; Hay RT Nucleic Acids Res 17: 499-516 (1989) Short DNA sequence motifs have been identified in viral and cellular enhancers which represent the binding sites for a variety of trans- acting factors. One such HeLa cell factor, EBP1, has been purif89128426 Heat-shock protein synthesis by human polymorphonuclear cells. Eid NS; Kravath RE; Lanks KW J Exp Med 165: 1448-52 (1987) Mature human neutrophils from peripheral blood are known to be capable of limited protein biosynthetic activity. We now show that these cells are inducible for heat-shock protein synthesis when placed87197076 Specific gene expression during compensatory renal hypertrophy in the rat. Beer DG; Zweifel KA; Simpson DP; Pitot HC J Cell Physiol 131: 29-35 (1987) The compensatory growth of the kidney which is induced by unilateral nephrectomy is a highly regulated process resulting principally in hypertrophy of the remaining kidney. The events which regulate t87195058 Species variation in transcription factor IIIA. Gaskins CJ; Fiser-Littell RM; Duke AL; Hanas JS Nucleic Acids Res 17: 781-94 (1989) Species variation in transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) was examined by comparing the abilities of TFIIIAs isolated from different Xenopus and Rana species to 1) bind rabbit anti-Xenopus laevis TFIIIA89128446 DNA binding specificity of the Arc and Mnt repressors is determined by a short region of N-terminal residues. Knight KL; Sauer RT Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 797-801 (1989) The Arc and Mnt repressors of phage P22 are related proteins that bind to different operator DNA sites. By creating a hybrid Arc-Mnt protein, we show that the binding specificity of Mnt can be switche89128864 Bioassay for trans-activation using purified human immunodeficiency virus tat-encoded protein: trans-activation requires mRNA synthesis. Gentz R; Chen CH; Rosen CA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 821-4 (1989) Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus tat-encoded protein (Tat) is required for virus replication. A genetic approach was used to facilitate the purification of biologically active Tat. A rec89128869 Structure of the repressor-operator complex of bacteriophage 434. Anderson JE; Ptashne M; Harrison SC Nature 326: 846-52 (1987) The crystal structure of a specific complex between the DNA-binding domain of phage 434 repressor and a synthetic 434 operator DNA shows interactions that determine sequence-dependent affinity. The re87201901 DNA-binding activity of papillomavirus proteins. Mallon RG; Wojciechowicz D; Defendi V J Virol 61: 1655-60 (1987) We demonstrate DNA binding by papillomavirus (PV) open reading frame (ORF) proteins that correspond to the early transforming and trans-activating (E6 and E2) and late structural regions (L2 and L1) f87198897 Purification of growth hormone-specific transcription factor GHF-1 containing homeobox. Castrillo JL; Bodner M; Karin M Science 243: 814-7 (1989) Pituitary-specific expression of the growth hormone (GH) gene is governed by a transcription factor, GHF-1, that binds to two sites within its promoter. Recently, GHF-1 was shown to be a member of the89130154 Hypomethylation and ADA gene expression in mouse CAK cells. Stallings RL; Siciliano MJ; Frazier ML; al-Ubaidi MR; Kellems RE Somat Cell Mol Genet 15: 1-11 (1989) The adenosine deaminase (ADA) locus appears to be under complex transcriptional control since levels of ADA enzyme activity vary greatly between different tissues and stages of development. Evidence t89130270 Identification of the vaccinia virus gene encoding nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase I, a DNA-dependent ATPase. Broyles SS; Moss B J Virol 61: 1738-42 (1987) Vaccinia virus encapsidates a DNA-dependent ATPase known as nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase I (NPH I). A bacteriophage lambda gt11 expression library of poxvirus DNA was screened with antibod87198916 Regulation of transcription of the Xp10 genome in bacteriophage-infected Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Liao YD; Tu J; Kuo TT J Virol 61: 1695-9 (1987) Results of in vivo studies showed that the transcription of the Xp10 genome in Xp10-infected cells shifted from rifampin sensitivity to rifampin resistance. Results of in vitro studies showed that a r87198906 Isolation and characterization of noncleavable (Ind-) mutants of the LexA repressor of Escherichia coli K-12. Lin LL; Little JW J Bacteriol 170: 2163-73 (1988) The LexA repressor of Escherichia coli represses a set of genes that are expressed in the response to DNA damage. After inducing treatments, the repressor is inactivated in vivo by a specific cleavage88198007 Myogenin, a factor regulating myogenesis, has a domain homologous to MyoD. Wright WE; Sassoon DA; Lin VK Cell 56: 607-17 (1989) In this report, we describe the isolation, sequence, and initial characterization of the cDNA for the muscle-specific regulatory factor skeletal myogenin. Transfection of myogenin into the mesenchymal89136007 Parathyroid hormone enhances the transcript and polypeptide levels of insulin-like growth factor I in osteoblast-enriched cultures from fetal rat bone. McCarthy TL; Centrella M; Canalis E Endocrinology 124: 1247-53 (1989) PTH stimulates bone resorption and formation, but the mechanism of its anabolic effect is unknown. The effects of PTH on bone formation could be mediated by local regulators, either by altering their 89136898 Interaction of a tissue-specific factor with an essential rat growth hormone gene promoter element. West BL; Catanzaro DF; Mellon SH; Cattini PA; Baxter JD; Reudelhuber TL Mol Cell Biol 7: 1193-7 (1987) Rat growth hormone (rGH) gene expression is normally restricted to the anterior pituitary. As a model of this tissue specificity, we compared the transient expression of an rGH-chloramphenicol acetylt87172787 Second-site revertants of Escherichia coli trp repressor mutants. Klig LS; Oxender DL; Yanofsky C Genetics 120: 651-5 (1988) Second-site reversion studies were performed with five missense mutants with defects in the trp repressor of Escherichia coli. These mutants were altered throughout the gene. The same unidirectional m89137896 Phage lambda Cro protein and cI repressor use two different patterns of specific protein-DNA interactions to achieve sequence specificity in vivo. Benson N; Youderian P Genetics 121: 5-12 (1989) By assaying the binding of wild-type Cro to a set of 40 mutant lambda operators in vivo, we have determined that the 14 outermost base pairs of the 17 base pair, consensus lambda operator are critical89137952 The Arc and Mnt repressors. A new class of sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Knight KL; Bowie JU; Vershon AK; Kelley RD; Sauer RT J Biol Chem 264: 3639-42 (1989) Genetic, biochemical, and biophysical studies have begun to reveal details of the structures of Arc and Mnt and show that these repressors use residues at their N-terminal ends for operator recognitio89139408 Processing of the native nerve growth factor precursor to form biologically active nerve growth factor. Edwards RH; Selby MJ; Garcia PD; Rutter WJ J Biol Chem 263: 6810-5 (1988) In the mouse submaxillary gland beta nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) forms a complex with two members of the kallikrein family of serine proteases, termed the alpha- and gamma-subunits of NGF. We demon88198253 Lipopolysaccharide-inducible macrophage early genes are induced in Balb/c 3T3 cells by platelet-derived growth factor. Tannenbaum CS; Major J; Poptic E; DiCorleto PE; Hamilton TA J Biol Chem 264: 4052-7 (1989) We have previously described the isolation and characterization of a set of cDNA clones encoding lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced early genes in murine peritoneal macrophages. The treatment of macroph89139473 Unfolding of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli monitored by fluorescence, circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance [published erratum appears in Eur J Biochem 1987 Nov 2;168(3):709] Lane AN; Jardetzky O Eur J Biochem 164: 389-96 (1987) The denaturation of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli has been studied by fluorescence, circular dichroism and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The dependences of the fluorescence emissio87190407 Identification of an operator sequence for the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon. Fujita Y; Miwa Y J Biol Chem 264: 4201-6 (1989) Expression of the Bacillus subtilis gluconate (gnt) operon is negatively regulated by the gnt repressor which is antagonized by D-gluconate or D-glucono-delta-lactone. The repressor specifically binds89139496 Transcriptional regulation of osteopontin production in rat osteoblast-like cells by parathyroid hormone. Noda M; Rodan GA J Cell Biol 108: 713-8 (1989) Osteopontin (OP) or bone sialoprotein is a recently characterized extracellular matrix protein which is abundant in bone and is produced by osteoblasts. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a potent calcitrop89139588 Nutritional and hormonal regulation of the gene for avian malic enzyme. Goodridge AG; Crish JF; Hillgartner FB; Wilson SB J Nutr 119: 299-308 (1989) This paper reviews work from our laboratory on the molecular mechanisms involved in the nutritional and hormonal regulation of avian malic enzyme. The activity of hepatic malic enzyme, one of the set 89141099 PHO85, a negative regulator of the PHO system, is a homolog of the protein kinase gene, CDC28, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Toh-e A; Tanaka K; Uesono Y; Wickner RB Mol Gen Genet 214: 162-4 (1988) The product of the PHO85 gene, which encodes one of the negative regulatory factors of the PHO system in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, shows significant amino acid sequence homology with the CDC28 protein89143455 Salmonella typhimurium LT2 metF operator mutations. Stauffer GV; Stauffer LT Mol Gen Genet 214: 32-6 (1988) Using an Escherichia coli lac deletion strain lysogenized with lambda phage carrying a metF-lacZ gene fusion (lambda Flac), in which beta-galactosidase levels are dependent on metF gene expression, ci89143460 Cloning and characterization of the c1 repressor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage D3: a functional analog of phage lambda cI protein. Miller RV; Kokjohn TA J Bacteriol 169: 1847-52 (1987) We cloned the gene (c1) which encodes the repressor of vegetative function of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage D3. The cloned gene was shown to inhibit plating of D3 and the induction of D3 lysoge87194555 Localization of Xenopus homoeo-box gene transcripts during embryogenesis and in the adult nervous system. Carrasco AE; Malacinski GM Dev Biol 121: 69-81 (1987) Tissue distribution and localization of RNAs from the Xeb1 homoeo-box-containing gene were monitored with Northern blots and in situ hybridization. Xeb1 transcript distribution in larval stage embryos87191423 Isolation of mutations of the phage Mu ner gene. Konig U; Kirschner P; Schumann W Virology 164: 75-80 (1988) A method was devised which allows the easy detection of mutations within the ner gene of Mu DNA. This method is based upon the observation that a transcriptional gene A-galK fusion containing the comp88206085 CD28 activation pathway regulates the production of multiple T-cell-derived lymphokines/cytokines. Thompson CB; Lindsten T; Ledbetter JA; Kunkel SL; Young HA; Emerson SG; Leiden JM; June CH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 1333-7 (1989) CD28 is a 44-kDa glycoprotein expressed as a homodimer on the surface of a major subset of human T cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that the binding of monoclonal antibodies to the CD28 surfa89145236 Characterization of a binding factor that interacts with the sequences upstream of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene. Wilson EM; Edbauer C; Hruby DE Virus Genes 2: 31-48 (1988) A small 176 base-pair cloned DNA fragment, representing the nucleotide sequences proximal to the 5'-end of the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase (VV TK) gene, was radiolabeled and used in concert with g89147187 Reversal of the long-wavelength CD band of poly(dI-dC).poly(dI-dC) on specific interaction with the 53-58 peptide fragment of the lac repressor. Rao MV; Atreyi M; Kumar GS; Kumar S Biopolymers 26: 329-32 (1987) 87185744 1H NMR aromatic spectrum of the operator binding domain of the lambda repressor: resonance assignment with application to structure and dynamics. Weiss MA; Karplus M; Sauer RT Biochemistry 26: 890-7 (1987) The aromatic 1H NMR resonances of the operator binding domain of lambda repressor are completely assigned. Since the resonances of this 23-kilodalton domain are too broad for the application of two-di87185382 The protein CDP, but not CP1, footprints on the CCAAT region of the gamma-globin gene in unfractionated B-cell extracts. Superti-Furga G; Barberis A; Schreiber E; Busslinger M Biochim Biophys Acta 1007: 237-42 (1989) We have identified, by DNase I footprinting, six different factors that interact with the promoter of the human A gamma-globin gene in nuclear extracts of the B-cell line BJA-B. Among them is the vert89150259 A rabbit lens epithelial cell line supports expression of an exogenous crystallin gene characteristic of lens fiber cell differentiation. Meakin SO; Reddan JR; Tsui LC; Breitman ML Exp Eye Res 48: 131-7 (1989) Cell lines derived from the lens generally fail to maintain synthesis of crystallins in long-term culture. Here we demonstrate that the N/N1003A line of undifferentiated lens epithelial cells, derived89153337 Purification and characterization of the Ner repressor of bacteriophage Mu. Kukolj G; Tolias PP; DuBow MS FEBS Lett 244: 369-75 (1989) The Ner protein of bacteriophage Mu acts as a lambda cro-like negative regulator of the phage's early (transposase) operon. Using the band retardation assay to monitor ner-operator-specific DNA-bindin89153584 Structural analysis of the carboxy terminus of bacteriophage lambda repressor determined by antipeptide antibodies. Sussman R; Alexander HB J Bacteriol 171: 1235-44 (1989) To analyze lambda repressor function and structure, antibodies were generated with synthetic peptides corresponding to sequences believed to be involved in prophage induction. These site-directed anti89155417 Modulation of adipocyte differentiation by tumor necrosis factor and transforming growth factor beta. Torti FM; Torti SV; Larrick JW; Ringold GM J Cell Biol 108: 1105-13 (1989) Cultured TA1 adipocytes treated with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) lose intracytoplasmic lipid and, over a period of days, come to resemble their predifferentiated progenitors (preadipocytes). To 89155558 Transforming growth factor beta regulates thyroid growth. Role in the pathogenesis of nontoxic goiter. Grubeck-Loebenstein B; Buchan G; Sadeghi R; Kissonerghis M; Londei M; Turner M; Pirich K; Roka R; Niederle B; Kassal H; et al J Clin Invest 83: 764-70 (1989) The production and growth regulatory activity of transforming growth factor beta were studied in human thyroid tissue. As estimated by its mRNA expression in fresh tissue samples, transforming growth 89155794 Distamycins inhibit the binding of OTF-1 and NFE-1 transfactors to their conserved DNA elements. Broggini M; Ponti M; Ottolenghi S; D'Incalci M; Mongelli N; Mantovani R Nucleic Acids Res 17: 1051-9 (1989) We investigated the effects of the antiviral agent distamycin A and of a distamycin derivative (FCE 24517) which possesses antineoplastic activity on the binding of some regulatory proteins to DNA. Bo89160238 Defining the binding site of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA on 5S RNA using truncated and chimeric 5S RNA molecules. Romaniuk PJ; de Stevenson IL; Wong HH Nucleic Acids Res 15: 2737-55 (1987) The interaction of TFIIIA with deletion fragments of Xenopus 5S RNA has been quantified using a nitrocellulose filter binding assay. TFIIIA binding was found to be more sensitive to the deletion of nu87174796 Sigma-G RNA polymerase controls forespore-specific expression of the glucose dehydrogenase operon in Bacillus subtilis. Nakatani Y; Nicholson WL; Neitzke KD; Setlow P; Freese E Nucleic Acids Res 17: 999-1017 (1989) The gene encoding glucose dehydrogenase (gdh) is part of an operon whose expression is transcriptionally activated specifically in the developing forespore of Bacillus subtilis at stage III of sporula89160295 Organization of two sulfonamide resistance genes on plasmids of gram-negative bacteria. Swedberg G Antimicrob Agents Chemother 31: 306-11 (1987) The organization of two widely distributed sulfonamide resistance genes has been studied. The type I gene was linked to other resistance genes, like streptomycin resistance in R100 and trimethoprim re87183457 Transforming growth factor alpha may be a physiological regulator of liver regeneration by means of an autocrine mechanism. Mead JE; Fausto N Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 1558-62 (1989) We investigated whether transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is involved in hepatocyte growth responses both in vivo and in culture. During liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats89160815 The structure and function of steroid receptors. Davies P; Rushmere NK Sci Prog 72: 563-78 (1988) 89162004 Mapping of the sites of protection on a 5 S RNA gene by the Xenopus transcription factor IIIA. A model for the interaction [published erratum appears in J Mol Biol 1987 Apr 5;194(3):581] Fairall L; Rhodes D; Klug A J Mol Biol 192: 577-91 (1986) The contact points of transcription factor IIIA with the internal control region of the 5 S RNA gene of Xenopus have been investigated by probing the accessibility of the DNA in the protein-DNA comple87169742 How do different transcription factors binding the same DNA sequence sort out their jobs? Schaffner W Trends Genet 5: 37-9 (1989) 89162787 The bovine papillomavirus type 1 transcriptional activator E2 protein binds to its DNA recognition sequence as a dimer. Moskaluk CA; Bastia D Virology 169: 236-8 (1989) The transcriptional trans-activator E2 protein from bovine papillomavirus type 1 has been shown to bind to the DNA consensus sequence ACCN6GGT. We have produced the DNA-binding domain of the E2 protei89163261 Isolation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere DNA-binding protein, its human homolog, and its possible role as a transcription factor. Bram RJ; Kornberg RD Mol Cell Biol 7: 403-9 (1987) A protein that binds specifically to Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere DNA element I was purified on the basis of a nitrocellulose filter-binding assay. This protein, termed centromere-binding prote87172732 Steroid action on gene expression: possible roles of regulatory genes and nuclear acceptor sites. Spelsberg TC; Rories C; Rejman JJ; Goldberger A; Fink K; Lau CK; Colvard DS; Wiseman G Biol Reprod 40: 54-69 (1989) There has been exciting progress in the understanding of the mechanism of action of steroid hormones. The structures and functions of the various receptor protein domains as well as the various domain89166737 Induction of tyrosinase by L-methionine in Streptomyces antibioticus. Katz E; Betancourt A Can J Microbiol 34: 1297-303 (1988) Investigations were carried out to establish conditions favorable for the formation of tyrosinase, an inducible metalloenzyme synthesized by Streptomyces antibioticus. It was determined that the size 89167943 DNA supercoiling changes the spacing requirement of two lac operators for DNA loop formation with lac repressor. Kramer H; Amouyal M; Nordheim A; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 7: 547-56 (1988) We have used a gel retardation assay to investigate the influence of DNA supercoiling on loop formation between lac repressor and two lac operators. A series of 15 DNA minicircles of identical size (488211569 A new DNA binding and dimerization motif in immunoglobulin enhancer binding, daughterless, MyoD, and myc proteins. Murre C; McCaw PS; Baltimore D Cell 56: 777-83 (1989) Two cDNAs were isolated whose dimerized products bind specifically to a DNA sequence, kappa E2, located in the immunoglobulin kappa chain enhancer. Both cDNAs share a region of extensive identity to t89168418 Differential regulation of the Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetR by the tandem tet operators O1 and O2. Meier I; Wray LV; Hillen W EMBO J 7: 567-72 (1988) The Tn10-encoded tet transcriptional control sequence consists of bidirectional, overlapping promoters which are superimposed by a tandem operator arrangement. Three mutations have been constructed by88211571 [Proto-oncogene expression in human carcinomas of the stomach and in the gastric mucosa of rats exposed to N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced gastric carcinogenesis] Novikov LB; Kalinovskii VP; Kniazev PG; Fedorov SN; Tlevlesov NIa Eksp Onkol 11: 18-21 (1989) The expression of c-Ha-ras-1, Ki-ras, N-ras, abl, src, fos and myc protooncogenes was analyzed in 13 cases of human gastric carcinomas. The transcriptional activity of both fos and myc protooncogenes 89170440 Molecular mechanisms of induction of transcription of beta-actin gene by tumour promoters and serum factors. Kakunaga T; Makino K; Kawamoto T; Sugiyama H; Orita S; Niwa H IARC Sci Publ : 90-101 (1988) 89173192 Isolation and characterization of the human chromosomal gene for polypeptide chain elongation factor-1 alpha. Uetsuki T; Naito A; Nagata S; Kaziro Y J Biol Chem 264: 5791-8 (1989) The cDNA for human elongation factor-1 alpha was isolated from a cDNA library of human fibroblast cells. Using the cDNA as a probe, a number of chromosomal genes encoding the human elongation factor-189174636 Complex formation with the fibroin gene enhancer through a protein-protein interaction analyzed by a modified DNA-binding assay. Matsuno K; Suzuki T; Takiya S; Suzuki Y J Biol Chem 264: 4599-604 (1989) The distal upstream region of the fibroin gene, -238 to -73, is known to contain the cis-acting element(s) responsible for tissue-specific transcription enhancement in vitro. To identify factor(s) tra89174718 Induction of transforming growth factor-alpha expression in human keratinocytes by phorbol esters. Pittelkow MR; Lindquist PB; Abraham RT; Graves-Deal R; Derynck R; Coffey RJ Jr J Biol Chem 264: 5164-71 (1989) Exposure of cultured human epidermal keratinocytes to the protein kinase C (Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase)-activating phorbol esters 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or 4-b89174804 Identification of yolk protein factor 1, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein from Drosophila melanogaster. Mitsis PG; Wensink PC J Biol Chem 264: 5188-94 (1989) Transcription of the three yolk protein genes of Drosophila melanogaster is under strict developmental regulation. Understanding the mechanism of this regulation requires examination of the DNA sequen89174807 Ultraviolet light-induced inhibition of small nuclear RNA synthesis. Eliceiri BP; Choudhury K; Scott QO; Eliceiri GL J Cell Physiol 138: 586-92 (1989) Two apparently distinct types of inhibition of the synthesis of U1, U2, U3, U4, and U5 small nuclear RNA, induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, have been described before: immediate and delayed. Our 89175010 Nucleotide sequence of human rho cDNA clone 12. Yeramian P; Chardin P; Madaule P; Tavitian A Nucleic Acids Res 15: 1869 (1987) 87146500 Isolation and sequence of a cDNA clone of beta-nerve growth factor from the guinea pig prostate gland. Schwarz MA; Fisher D; Bradshaw RA; Isackson PJ J Neurochem 52: 1203-9 (1989) The guinea pig prostate gland contains high levels of nerve growth factor similarly to the mouse submandibular gland. Nerve growth factor from the guinea pig prostate gland cross-reacts weakly with an89177243 ban operon of bacteriophage P1. Mutational analysis of the c1 repressor-controlled operator. Heinzel T; Velleman M; Schuster H J Mol Biol 205: 127-35 (1989) The repressor of bacteriophage P1, encoded by the c1 gene, represses the phage lytic functions and is responsible for maintaining the P1 prophage in the lysogenic state. The c1 repressor interacts wit89178629 Lambda cro repressor complex with OR3 operator DNA. 19F nuclear magnetic resonance observations. Metzler WJ; Lu P J Mol Biol 205: 149-64 (1989) The interaction of lambda cro repressor with DNA is probed using synthetic 17 base-pair OR3 operators in which 5-fluorodeoxyuridine has been systematically incorporated at each of the nine positions n89178631 Structure of phage 434 Cro protein at 2.35 A resolution. Mondragon A; Wolberger C; Harrison SC J Mol Biol 205: 179-88 (1989) The crystal structure of phage 434 Cro protein has been determined and refined against 2.35 A data to an R-factor of 19.5%. The protein comprises five alpha-helices and shows the helix-turn-helix moti89178634 Structure of the amino-terminal domain of phage 434 repressor at 2.0 A resolution. Mondragon A; Subbiah S; Almo SC; Drottar M; Harrison SC J Mol Biol 205: 189-200 (1989) The crystal structure of the amino-terminal domain of phage 434 repressor has been solved using molecular replacement methods and refined to an R-factor of 19.3% against data to 2.0 A resolution. The 89178635 Temporal regulation and overlap organization of two Caulobacter flagellar genes. Kaplan JB; Dingwall A; Bryan R; Champer R; Shapiro L J Mol Biol 205: 71-83 (1989) The biogenesis of the bacterial flagellum and chemotaxis apparatus in both Escherichia coli and Caulobacter crescentus requires the ordered expression of over 40 genes whose expression is controlled b89178645 Nuclear factor I can functionally replace transcription factor Sp1 in a U2 small nuclear RNA gene enhancer. Janson L; Weller P; Pettersson U J Mol Biol 205: 387-96 (1989) Polymerase II transcription of a human gene for the small nuclear RNA U2 is dependent on two different promoter elements: a TATA-equivalent proximal sequence element and a distal enhancer element, whi89178656 Stimulation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax gene product involves the action of inducible cellular proteins. Bohnlein E; Siekevitz M; Ballard DW; Lowenthal JW; Rimsky L; Bogerd H; Hoffman J; Wano Y; Franza BR; Greene WC J Virol 63: 1578-86 (1989) The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) preferentially infects CD4+ T lymphocytes and may exist as a latent provirus within these cells for extended periods. The transition to a productive ret89178843 Response of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 long terminal repeat to cyclic AMP. Poteat HT; Kadison P; McGuire K; Park L; Park RE; Sodroski JG; Haseltine WA J Virol 63: 1604-11 (1989) The sequences that control transcriptional initiation of the provirus of the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) are shown to be responsive to intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. A heptanucleo89178846 Separation of requirements for protein-DNA complex assembly from those for functional activity in the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein Vmw65. Greaves R; O'Hare P J Virol 63: 1641-50 (1989) A transient expression system was developed which results in efficient synthesis of the regulatory protein Vmw65 of herpes simplex virus type 1 in eucaryotic cells. The gene for Vmw65 was linked to th89178850 Identification of three sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins which interact with the Rous sarcoma virus enhancer and upstream promoter elements. Goodwin GH J Virol 62: 2186-90 (1988) Three avian nuclear proteins which bind to the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat have been detected. Two of the proteins bind to sequences within the enhancer, and the third protein binds to a s88215052 Distinct factors bind the AP-1 consensus sites in gibbon ape leukemia virus and simian virus 40 enhancers. Quinn JP; Takimoto M; Iadarola M; Holbrook N; Levens D J Virol 63: 1737-42 (1989) We have demonstrated that the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) enhancer AP-1 element and the simian virus 40 AP-1 enhancer element bind different factors in HeLa nuclear extracts. A 39-kilodalton HeLa89178861 Bovine papillomavirus type 1 encodes two forms of a transcriptional repressor: structural and functional analysis of new viral cDNAs. Choe J; Vaillancourt P; Stenlund A; Botchan M J Virol 63: 1743-55 (1989) Genetic and biochemical evidence has established that the E2 open reading frame (ORF) of bovine papillomavirus type 1 encodes at least two different site-specific DNA-binding proteins, one which activ89178862 Regulation of cytomegalovirus late-gene expression: differential use of three start sites in the transcriptional activation of ICP36 gene expression. Leach FS; Mocarski ES J Virol 63: 1783-91 (1989) We have investigated the transcriptional regulation of the human cytomegalovirus gamma gene encoding the ICP36 family (p52, the major late DNA-binding protein). The ICP36 transcription unit initiates 89178866 Detection of nerve growth factor and epidermal growth factor-regulated protein kinases in PC12 cells with synthetic peptide substrates. Heasley LE; Johnson GL Mol Pharmacol 35: 331-8 (1989) Synthetic peptide substrates specific for cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, ribosomal S6 kinase, and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases were used to monitor regulation of these p89181549 Nerve growth factor regulates gene expression by several distinct mechanisms. Cho KO; Skarnes WC; Minsk B; Palmieri S; Jackson-Grusby L; Wagner JA Mol Cell Biol 9: 135-43 (1989) To help elucidate the mechanisms by which nerve growth factor (NGF) regulates gene expression, we have identified and studied four genes (a-2, d-2, d-4, and d-5) that are positively regulated by NGF i89181562 Simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen binds specifically to double-stranded DNA but not to single-stranded DNA or DNA/RNA hybrids containing the SV40 regulatory sequences. Auborn KJ; Markowitz RB; Wang E; Yu YT; Prives C J Virol 62: 2204-8 (1988) Simian virus 40 T antigen has been shown previously to bind specifically with high affinity to sites within the regulatory region of double-stranded simian virus 40 DNA. Using competition filter bindi88215056 Electron microscopy reveals that transcription factor TFIIIA bends 5S DNA. Bazett-Jones DP; Brown ML Mol Cell Biol 9: 336-41 (1989) We have used a high-resolution analytical electron microscopic technique, electron spectroscopic imaging, to study the in vitro interaction between the transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) and 5S riboso89181589 Supercoiling facilitates lac operator-repressor-pseudooperator interactions. Whitson PA; Hsieh WT; Wells RD; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 262: 4943-6 (1987) The binding affinity of the Escherichia coli lactose repressor to operator-containing plasmids was increased by negative supercoiling of the DNA. The increased affinities observed were dependent on th87165917 The structural basis for the interaction between L-tryptophan and the Escherichia coli trp aporepressor. Marmorstein RQ; Joachimiak A; Sprinzl M; Sigler PB J Biol Chem 262: 4922-7 (1987) We have employed equilibrium dialysis to help study the mechanism by which the unliganded Escherichia coli trp aporepressor is activated by L-tryptophan to the liganded trp repressor. By measuring the87165913 Two functionally different regions in Fos are required for the sequence-specific DNA interaction of the Fos/Jun protein complex. Neuberg M; Schuermann M; Hunter JB; Muller R Nature 338: 589-90 (1989) THE products of the cellular and retroviral fos genes associate with other nuclear proteins, among them the transcription factor AP1/Jun (see ref. 3 for a review). The Fos/Jun complex binds to a speci89181959 The carboxy terminus of the viral Jun oncoprotein is required for complex formation with the cellular Fos protein. Bos TJ; Rauscher FJ 3d; Curran T; Vogt PK Oncogene 4: 123-6 (1989) The products of the proto-oncogenes c-jun and c-fos are known to form a complex in vivo. Complex formation appears to stabilize protein-DNA interactions and is thought to play an important functional 89183144 A novel tRNA(Ala) gene and its adjacent sigma element downstream from the CYP1 (HAP1) gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Creusot F; Gaisne M; Verdiere J; Slonimski PP Nucleic Acids Res 17: 1865-6 (1989) 89183597 A difference in the importance of bulged nucleotides and their parent base pairs in the binding of transcription factor IIIA to Xenopus 5S RNA and 5S RNA genes. Baudin F; Romaniuk PJ Nucleic Acids Res 17: 2043-56 (1989) Individual bulge loops present in Xenopus 5S RNA (positions 49A-A50 in helix III, C63 in helix II and A83 in helix IV), were deleted by site directed mutagenesis. The interaction of these mutant 5S RN89183610 Expression of functional Xenopus TFIIIA in Escherichia coli. Tso JY; Siebel C; Korn LJ Nucleic Acids Res 17: 2145 (1989) 89183640 A model for the tertiary structure of the 28 residue DNA-binding motif ('zinc finger') common to many eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. Gibson TJ; Postma JP; Brown RS; Argos P Protein Eng 2: 209-18 (1988) Many eukaryotic transcriptional activator proteins, including the Xenopus 5S RNA gene activator protein TFIIIA and the HeLa cell protein Sp1, have an approximately 30 amino acid repeating motif which 89184423 Formation of heterodimers between wild type and mutant trp aporepressor polypeptides of Escherichia coli. Graddis TJ; Klig LS; Yanofsky C; Oxender DL Proteins 4: 173-81 (1988) Availability of the three-dimensional structure of the trp repressor of Escherichia coli and a large group of repressor mutants has permitted the identification and analysis of mutants with substituti89184499 The structure-function relationship of the nerve growth factor molecule and the regulation of its synthesis. Heumann R; Bandtlow C; Davies A; Korsching S; Thoenen H Biochem Soc Trans 15: 131-2 (1987) 87162808 An in vitro system for infection with hepatitis B virus that uses primary human fetal hepatocytes. Ochiya T; Tsurimoto T; Ueda K; Okubo K; Shiozawa M; Matsubara K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 1875-9 (1989) An in vitro culture of human fetal hepatocytes has been employed for infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV) virions that are produced by an established human hepatoma cell line, HB 611. HBV surface anti89184530 A 5'-flanking region of the chicken acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit gene confers tissue specificity and developmental control of expression in transfected cells. Klarsfeld A; Daubas P; Bourachot B; Changeux JP Mol Cell Biol 7: 951-5 (1987) The 5' end and promoter region of the alpha-subunit gene of chicken muscle acetylcholine receptor was mapped and sequenced. It includes a TATA and a CAAT box and a potential Sp1-binding site. When ins87144271 Human immunodeficiency virus tat-activated expression of poliovirus protein 2A inhibits mRNA translation. Sun XH; Baltimore D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 2143-6 (1989) To study the effect of poliovirus protein 2A on cellular RNA translation, the tat control system of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was used. Protein 2A was expressed from a plasmid construct (pHIV89184584 Identifying determinants of folding and activity for a protein of unknown structure. Bowie JU; Sauer RT Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 2152-6 (1989) We have generated an extensive genetic map of functionally allowed and/or structurally allowed amino acid substitutions in Arc repressor, a DNA binding protein of unknown structure. Analysis of the al89184586 DNA bending is induced by a transcription factor that interacts with the human c-FOS and alpha-actin promoters. Gustafson TA; Taylor A; Kedes L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 2162-6 (1989) Conserved sequence elements in the human cardiac and skeletal alpha-actin promoters that contain the CC(A + T-rich)6GG motif have been shown to regulate transcription of these genes. A similar sequenc89184588 Lambda repressor inactivation: properties of purified ind- proteins in the autodigestion and RecA-mediated cleavage reactions. Gimble FS; Sauer RT J Mol Biol 192: 39-47 (1986) Under physiological conditions, lambda repressor can be inactivated in vivo or in vitro by RecA-mediated cleavage of the polypeptide chain. The repressor protein is thought to cleave itself, with RecA87141198 Deregulated expression of human c-jun transforms primary rat embryo cells in cooperation with an activated c-Ha-ras gene and transforms rat-1a cells as a single gene. Schutte J; Minna JD; Birrer MJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 2257-61 (1989) While the ability of the retroviral oncogene V-jun to transform chicken cells led to its discovery, the oncogenic potential of its cellular homologue, c-jun, which encodes a transcription factor, is u89184607 At least two nuclear proteins bind specifically to the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer. Sealey L; Chalkley R Mol Cell Biol 7: 787-98 (1987) We used the sensitive gel electrophoresis DNA-binding assay and DNase I footprinting to detect at least two protein factors (EFI and EFII) that bound specifically to the Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) enhan87144250 Leucine repeats and an adjacent DNA binding domain mediate the formation of functional cFos-cJun heterodimers. Turner R; Tjian R Science 243: 1689-94 (1989) The discovery that the AP-1 family of enhancer binding factors includes a complex of the cellular Fos (cFos) and cellular Jun (cJun) proteins established a direct and important link between oncogenesi89186917 Parallel association of Fos and Jun leucine zippers juxtaposes DNA binding domains. Gentz R; Rauscher FJ 3d; Abate C; Curran T Science 243: 1695-9 (1989) The protein products of the fos and jun proto-oncogenes form a heterodimeric complex that participates in a stable high affinity interaction with DNA elements containing AP-1 binding sites. The effect89186918 Regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I genes. Burke PA; Ozato K Year Immunol 4: 23-40 (1989) 89189137 Thermal denaturation of engineered tet repressor proteins and their complexes with tet operator and tetracycline studied by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis. Wagenhofer M; Hansen D; Hillen W Anal Biochem 175: 422-32 (1988) The effects of Trp to Phe exchanges in the Tet repressor on the thermal stability of the proteins and their complexes with operator DNA and inducer have been studied by temperature gradient polyacryla89191543 Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates the expression of endothelin mRNA by vascular endothelial cells. Kurihara H; Yoshizumi M; Sugiyama T; Takaku F; Yanagisawa M; Masaki T; Hamaoki M; Kato H; Yazaki Y Biochem Biophys Res Commun 159: 1435-40 (1989) Endothelin is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Incubation of the serum-deprived confluent porcine aortic endothelial cells with 10-300 pM TGF-beta 1, resulted i89193744 Expression of growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor encoded transcripts in human gastric tissues. Bennett C; Paterson IM; Corbishley CM; Luqmani YA Cancer Res 49: 2104-11 (1989) Expression of mRNA-encoding transforming growth factors alpha and beta (TGF alpha and beta), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF) A and B chains was exam89195136 The "initiator" as a transcription control element. Smale ST; Baltimore D Cell 57: 103-13 (1989) Transcription of the lymphocyte-specific terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase gene begins at a single nucleotide, but no TATA box is present. We have identified a 17 bp element that is sufficient for 89195209 An N-terminal region of adenovirus E1a essential for cell transformation and induction of an epithelial cell growth factor. Subramanian T; Kuppuswamy M; Nasr RJ; Chinnadurai G Oncogene 2: 105-12 (1988) A new region of the adenovirus E1a protein essential for immortalization and transformation of primary rat kidney cells has been identified. This region is located between amino acid residues 18 to 2088217289 A hierarchy of regulatory genes controls a larva-to-adult developmental switch in C. elegans. Ambros V Cell 57: 49-57 (1989) The heterochronic genes lin-4, lin-14, lin-28, and lin-29 control the timing of specific postembryonic developmental events in C. elegans. The experiments described here examine how these four genes i89195221 The involvement of NF-kappa B in beta-interferon gene regulation reveals its role as widely inducible mediator of signal transduction. Lenardo MJ; Fan CM; Maniatis T; Baltimore D Cell 57: 287-94 (1989) The DNA binding protein NF-kappa B has been implicated in gene regulation in B and T lymphocytes. We have found that NF-kappa B also has a central role in virus induction of human beta-interferon (bet89195239 Sex-, tissue-, and stage-specific expression of a vitelline membrane protein gene from region 32 of the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Gigliotti S; Graziani F; De Ponti L; Rafti F; Manzi A; Lavorgna G; Gargiulo G; Malva C Dev Genet 10: 33-41 (1989) This study isolated cDNA clones from egg-chamber and adult female Drosophila cDNA libraries using as probe a DNA fragment from a 200-kb "chromosome walk" in region 32E of the second chromosome of D. m89195794 Constitutive synthesis of activator protein 1 transcription factor after viral transformation of mouse fibroblasts. Piette J; Hirai S; Yaniv M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 3401-5 (1988) Transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1) interacts with the promoter region of a number of genes that are stimulated by growth factors present in serum or by agents such as phorbol 12-myristate 88217909 Fos and Jun bind cooperatively to the AP-1 site: reconstitution in vitro. Rauscher FJ 3d; Voulalas PJ; Franza BR Jr; Curran T Genes Dev 2: 1687-99 (1988) The protein products of the fos (Fos) and jun (Jun) proto-oncogenes have been shown to associate with a DNA element known as the transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding site. Jun (prev89196887 Purification of the human histone H4 gene-specific transcription factors H4TF-1 and H4TF-2. Dailey L; Roberts SB; Heintz N Genes Dev 2: 1700-12 (1988) Transcription of the cell-cycle-regulated human histone genes increases approximately fivefold during S phase. One step toward the elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that govern cell-cycle-regu89196888 The human c-fos serum response factor and the yeast factors GRM/PRTF have related DNA-binding specificities. Hayes TE; Sengupta P; Cochran BH Genes Dev 2: 1713-22 (1988) One of the elements that mediates growth factor and serum inducibility of the human c-fos gene is a region of dyad symmetry that lies between nucleotides -320 and -299 of the human gene. A mammalian p89196889 Delta, a Drosophila neurogenic gene, is transcriptionally complex and encodes a protein related to blood coagulation factors and epidermal growth factor of vertebrates. Kopczynski CC; Alton AK; Fechtel K; Kooh PJ; Muskavitch MA Genes Dev 2: 1723-35 (1988) Delta (D1) is required for normal segregation of the embryonic ectoderm into neural and epidermal cell lineages in Drosophila melanogaster. Loss-of-function mutations in D1 and other zygotic neurogeni89196890 Activation of the U2 snRNA promoter by the octamer motif defines a new class of RNA polymerase II enhancer elements. Tanaka M; Grossniklaus U; Herr W; Hernandez N Genes Dev 2: 1764-78 (1988) The recent discovery that the activation domains of transcriptional activators (e.g., GAL4) from a number of species are interchangeable has led to the concept of a general mechanism for activation of89196893 Analysis of forward mutations induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in the bacteriophage P22 mnt repressor gene. Lucchesi P; Carraway M; Marinus MG J Bacteriol 166: 34-7 (1986) We describe the isolation and genetic characterization of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced mutations in the phage P22 mnt repressor gene cloned in plasmid pBR322. Mutations in the m86168040 Evidence that the transcription activator encoded by the Pseudomonas putida nahR gene is evolutionarily related to the transcription activators encoded by the Rhizobium nodD genes. Schell MA; Sukordhaman M J Bacteriol 171: 1952-9 (1989) The nahR gene of the 83-kilobase naphthalene degradation plasmid NAH7 of Pseudomonas putida encodes a 34-kilodalton polypeptide which binds to the nah and sal promoters to activate transcription of th89197762 In vitro proteolytic cleavage of the Escherichia coli Ada protein by the ompT gene product. Sedgwick B J Bacteriol 171: 2249-51 (1989) Down regulation of the adaptive response to alkylation damage in Escherichia coli has been proposed to occur by proteolytic cleavage of the regulatory Ada protein. In this paper, it is shown that prot89197807 Transcriptional and post-transcriptional inhibition of albumin gene expression by estrogen in Xenopus liver. Riegel AT; Martin MB; Schoenberg DR Mol Cell Endocrinol 44: 201-9 (1986) The purpose of this study was to investigate the suppression of albumin mRNA by estrogen in Xenopus liver. A single dose of estradiol rapidly suppressed albumin mRNA to 30% of the control level. Album86165335 Mutation in hinge region of lactose repressor protein alters physical and functional properties. Chou WY; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 264: 6171-6 (1989) A mutant of the Escherichia coli lactose repressor (BG124) in which serine at position 77 is replaced by leucine has been examined by physical methods. Consistent with the phenotypic character of this89197911 Interaction of mutant lambda repressors with operator and non-operator DNA. Nelson HC; Sauer RT J Mol Biol 192: 27-38 (1986) We have described a set of mutations that alter side-chains on the operator binding surface of lambda repressor. In this paper, we study the interactions of 12 purified mutant repressors with operator87141197 In vitro study of the interaction of the LexA repressor and the UvrC protein with a uvrC regulatory region. Granger-Schnarr M; Schnarr M; van Sluis CA FEBS Lett 198: 61-5 (1986) The in vitro interaction of the LexA repressor with a regulatory region of the uvrC gene has been studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Although the uvrC promoter region shows some homology w86164950 Insulin negatively regulates albumin mRNA at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level in rat hepatoma cells. Straus DS; Takemoto CD J Biol Chem 262: 1955-60 (1987) Treatment of cultured H4-II-E rat hepatoma cells with insulin causes a large decrease in cytoplasmic serum albumin mRNA. This effect is observed at low doses of insulin (ED50 = 2 pM), consistent with 87137408 Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding the 60-kD component of the human SS-A/Ro ribonucleoprotein autoantigen. Ben-Chetrit E; Gandy BJ; Tan EM; Sullivan KF J Clin Invest 83: 1284-92 (1989) SS-A/Ro is a nucleocytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particle that is a common target of autoimmune response in Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Previously, SS-A/Ro ha89198084 Lambda repressor mutants that are better substrates for RecA-mediated cleavage. Gimble FS; Sauer RT J Mol Biol 206: 29-39 (1989) RecA-mediated cleavage of the bacteriophage lambda repressor results in inactivation of the protein and leads to induction of the lambda prophage. Here, we report the identification of three mutations89199649 The herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein, ICP4, is required to potentiate replication of human immunodeficiency virus in CD4+ lymphocytes. Albrecht MA; DeLuca NA; Byrn RA; Schaffer PA; Hammer SM J Virol 63: 1861-8 (1989) The interaction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) was investigated in an acute whole-virus coinfection system. CD4+ lymphoid CEM cells were infected with HIV-1 and, 89199736 Transcriptionally active immediate-early protein of pseudorabies virus binds to specific sites on class II gene promoters. Cromlish WA; Abmayr SM; Workman JL; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG J Virol 63: 1869-76 (1989) In the presence of partially purified pseudorabies virus immediate-early protein, multiple sites of DNase I protection were observed on the adenovirus major late and human hsp 70 promoters. Southweste89199737 Transcriptional activation of bovine leukemia virus in blood cells from experimentally infected, asymptomatic sheep with latent infections. Lagarias DM; Radke K J Virol 63: 2099-107 (1989) Infection by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is characterized by a long latency period, after which some individuals develop B-cell tumors. The behavior of BLV and related retroviruses during the latency 89199766 Construction and characterization of a herpes simplex virus type 1 mutant unable to transinduce immediate-early gene expression. Ace CI; McKee TA; Ryan JM; Cameron JM; Preston CM J Virol 63: 2260-9 (1989) A herpes simplex virus mutant, in1814, possessing a 12-base-pair insertion in the gene encoding the transinducing factor Vmw65 has been constructed. The insertion abolished the ability of Vmw65 to tra89199784 Purification and properties of Gal repressor:pL-galR fusion in pKC31 plasmid vector. Majumdar A; Rudikoff S; Adhya S J Biol Chem 262: 2326-31 (1987) The galR gene, which encodes the Gal repressor protein in Escherichia coli, has been fused to the strong pL promoter of bacteriophage lambda in plasmid pKC31. The pL promoter is kept repressed by a th87137462 Mutational analysis of bovine papillomavirus E6 gene. Vousden KH; Androphy EJ; Schiller JT; Lowy DR J Virol 63: 2340-2 (1989) The bovine papillomavirus E6 gene can independently transform mouse C127 cells. To characterize E6 in greater detail, we created 16 site-directed mutations in E6, including substitution mutations in t89199793 Regulation of the lactose repressor. Chakerian AE; Matthews KS Int J Biochem 20: 493-8 (1988) 88225698 Alterations in the structure of new and old forms of simian virus 40 large T antigen (T) defined by age-dependent epitope changes: new T is the same as ATPase-active T. Tack LC; Wright JH; Gurney EG J Virol 63: 2352-6 (1989) The reactivity of simian virus 40 large T antigen labeled under pulse-chase conditions towards 22 antibodies was measured. Changes in epitope reactivity occurred in several domains of T as it matured,89199796 Differences in replication of attenuated and neurovirulent polioviruses in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. La Monica N; Racaniello VR J Virol 63: 2357-60 (1989) A base change from C to U at position 472 of the 5' noncoding region of the poliovirus genome is known to be a major determinant of attenuation in the P3/Sabin vaccine strain. To determine the biochem89199797 Constraints on spacing between transcription factor binding sites in a simple adenovirus promoter. Wu L; Berk A Genes Dev 2: 403-11 (1988) The adenovirus 2 E1B transcription unit has an extremely simple promoter consisting of a TATA box and a closely situated GC box. The interaction between the TATA box and the GC box was analyzed using 88225997 Ribonucleoprotein SS-B/La belongs to a protein family with consensus sequences for RNA-binding. Chan EK; Sullivan KF; Tan EM Nucleic Acids Res 17: 2233-44 (1989) Autoantibodies from systemic rheumatic disorders have become useful reagents in molecular biology. SS-B/La, a major target of autoantibodies in lupus and Sjogren's syndrome, has been identified as a 489202037 Interaction of DNA-binding proteins with the tissue-specific human apolipoprotein-AII enhancer. Lucero MA; Sanchez D; Ochoa AR; Brunel F; Cohen GN; Baralle FE; Zakin MM Nucleic Acids Res 17: 2283-300 (1989) The identification of the binding sites for liver nuclear proteins present in the enhancer that control the cell specific transcription of the human apolipoprotein AII gene is reported. Five adjacent 89202040 Evidence that the requirements for ATP and wheat germ initiation factors 4A and 4F are affected by a region of satellite tobacco necrosis virus RNA that is 3' to the ribosomal binding site. Browning KS; Fletcher L; Ravel JM J Biol Chem 263: 8380-3 (1988) A cDNA containing the complete genome of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) RNA was constructed and cloned into a plasmid vector containing the T7 polymerase promotor. A second clone containing t88228070 Transfer of the inducible lac repressor/operator system from Escherichia coli to a vaccinia virus expression vector. Fuerst TR; Fernandez MP; Moss B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 2549-53 (1989) Cis- and trans-acting elements of the Escherichia coli lac operon were transferred to vaccinia virus and used to regulate gene expression. A recombinant virus that constitutively expresses a modified 89202366 Subcellular localization of the human immunodeficiency virus trans-acting art gene product. Cullen BR; Hauber J; Campbell K; Sodroski JG; Haseltine WA; Rosen CA J Virol 62: 2498-501 (1988) The genome of the human immunodeficiency virus is distinguished from other animal retroviruses by the presence of several additional open reading frames. The protein product of one of these novel gene88230612 Transcription expressed by isolated cell nuclei in relation to the cell cycle. Wojcierowski J; Antosz H; Orlicz-Welcz B Cytobios 49: 7-16 (1987) In vitro transcription of stimulated T lymphocyte nuclei was studied using a previously described method for evaluating the accumulation of double labelled transcription products. Whereas RNA elongati87132519 Vertebrate homeodomain proteins: families of region-specific transcription factors. Wright CV; Cho KW; Oliver G; De Robertis EM Trends Biochem Sci 14: 52-6 (1989) Vertebrate homeodomain proteins are transcription factors whose genes can be isolated via a conserved DNA-binding domain called the homeobox. We review recent studies suggesting that one function of t89203926 The minimal transforming fragment of HSV-2 mtrIII can function as a complex promoter element. Jones C Virology 169: 346-53 (1989) The minimal transforming fragment (486 TF) of HSV-2 mtrIII (0.567-0.570 map units) is composed of two distinct and non-overlapping promoter elements when linked to bacterial CAT genes. A 230-nucleotid89204906 trans-activation of viral enhancers including long terminal repeat of the human immunodeficiency virus by the hepatitis B virus X protein. Siddiqui A; Gaynor R; Srinivasan A; Mapoles J; Farr RW Virology 169: 479-84 (1989) Human hepatitis B virus contains an open reading frame designated X. We have investigated the trans-activating function of the hepatitis B virus X gene in regulating transcriptional control elements. 89204923 Suppression in the expression of a male-specific cytochrome P450, P450-male: difference in the effect of chemical inducers on P450-male mRNA and protein in rat livers. Shimada M; Murayama N; Yamauchi K; Yamazoe Y; Kato R Arch Biochem Biophys 270: 578-87 (1989) Hypophysectomy of male adult rats caused a 70% decrease in the hepatic level of mRNA hybridized to two specific oligonucleotide probes for the sequence of coding and 3'-noncoding regions of P450(M-1) 89206216 Expression of rat liver heme oxygenase gene during development. Lin JH; Villalon P; Nelson JC; Abraham NG Arch Biochem Biophys 270: 623-9 (1989) We studied the genetic expression during fetal development of heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the oxidation of heme to bilirubin. The transcription of the heme oxygenase gene in livers of 89206221 [Signals and transcription factors] Ito Y Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 16: 509-15 (1989) The relationship between growth signals and transcriptional activator proteins was studied using polyomavirus enhancer as a probe. Transiently expressed Ha-ras gene and a tumor promoting phorbol ester89206241 [Regulation of HTLV-1 gene expression and its relevance to proliferation of the infected cells] Seiki M Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 16: 516-21 (1989) Proliferation of HTLV-1 after infection is one of the crucial steps that affects development of adult T cell leukemia. In addition, one of the regulatory factors, tax protein, activates not only viral89206242 Constitutive expression of tetracycline resistance mediated by a Tn10-like element in Haemophilus parainfluenzae results from a mutation in the repressor gene. Heuer C; Hickman RK; Curiale MS; Hillen W; Levy SB J Bacteriol 169: 990-4 (1987) The Tn10-like constitutively expressed tetracycline resistance determinant from a Haemophilus parainfluenzae strain was cloned in Escherichia coli. Toxicity resulting from expression on multicopy plas87137315 A new Epstein-Barr virus transactivator, R, induces expression of a cytoplasmic early antigen. Hardwick JM; Lieberman PM; Hayward SD J Virol 62: 2274-84 (1988) Several Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early promoters respond to a new EBV transactivator encoded by BRLF1, designated R. Transactivation was measured in chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays on Raji, B88230585 Identification of a novel lymphoid specific octamer binding protein (OTF-2B) by proteolytic clipping bandshift assay (PCBA). Schreiber E; Matthias P; Muller MM; Schaffner W EMBO J 7: 4221-9 (1988) The octamer sequence ATGCAAAT is found in the promoters of immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy and light chain genes and in the heavy chain enhancer and is a major determinant of the cell type specific expressi89210808 Interaction of the P1c1 repressor with P1 DNA: localization of repressor binding sites near the c1 gene. Baumstark BR; Stovall SR; Ashkar S Virology 156: 404-13 (1987) The c1 repressor of phage P1 was previously shown (B.R. Baumstark and J.R. Scott, 1980, J. Mol. Biol. 140, 471-480) to bind specifically to P1BamHI-9, a 1.4-kb fragment that is closely linked to the c87122181 Identification of a nuclear factor that binds to a conserved sequence of the I-A beta gene. Celada A; Shiga M; Imagawa M; Kop J; Maki RA J Immunol 140: 3995-4002 (1988) Human and murine class II genes of the MHC show a striking homology 50 to 120 bp upstream of the transcription start site. This area is composed of two conserved sequences (a 13-mer and an 8-mer separ88229098 Interactions of purified transcription factors: binding of yeast MAT alpha 1 and PRTF to cell type-specific, upstream activating sequences. Tan S; Ammerer G; Richmond TJ EMBO J 7: 4255-64 (1988) Pheromone receptor transcription factor (PRTF) and MAT alpha 1 are protein transcription factors that are involved in the regulation of the alpha-specific genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have ex89210812 Missense mutation in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli. Inferences on the structure of the repressor protein. Gordon AJ; Burns PA; Fix DF; Yatagai F; Allen FL; Horsfall MJ; Halliday JA; Gray J; Bernelot-Moens C; Glickman BW J Mol Biol 200: 239-51 (1988) The lac repressor has been studied extensively but a precise three-dimensional structure remains unknown. Studies using mutational data can complement other information and provide insight into protei88230449 Secondary structure determination for the Antennapedia homeodomain by nuclear magnetic resonance and evidence for a helix-turn-helix motif. Otting G; Qian YQ; Muller M; Affolter M; Gehring W; Wuthrich K EMBO J 7: 4305-9 (1988) The homeodomain encoded by the Antennapedia (Antp) gene of Drosophila was studied in aqueous solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Sequence-specific resonance assignments have been obtained fo89210818 The product of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 modulator gene (M) is a phosphoprotein. Thorner L; Bucay N; Choe J; Botchan M J Virol 62: 2474-82 (1988) The M gene of bovine papillomavirus type 1 has been genetically defined as encoding a trans-acting product which negatively regulates bovine papillomavirus type 1 replication and is important for esta88230609 The mRNA encoding elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1 alpha) is a major transcript at the midblastula transition in Xenopus. Krieg PA; Varnum SM; Wormington WM; Melton DA Dev Biol 133: 93-100 (1989) A Xenopus laevis gastrula cDNA library has been screened in order to identify sequences that are expressed early in development. We find that the mRNA encoding translation elongation factor 1-alpha (E89211616 Functional analysis of the papilloma virus E2 trans-activator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lambert PF; Dostatni N; McBride AA; Yaniv M; Howley PM; Arcangioli B Genes Dev 3: 38-48 (1989) The papilloma virus E2 transcriptional trans-activator is representative of a class of transcriptional modulators that activate transcription through direct binding to cis-acting DNA sequences. In thi89211890 [Cis- and trans- mutations in genetic diseases] Munnich A Pathol Biol (Paris) 36: 277-83 (1988) Whereas a great number of mutations located in the coding regions of genes have been described, genetic defects involving regulatory elements (cis-) or diffusible effectors controlling gene expression88233717 New recA mutations that dissociate the various RecA protein activities in Escherichia coli provide evidence for an additional role for RecA protein in UV mutagenesis. Dutreix M; Moreau PL; Bailone A; Galibert F; Battista JR; Walker GC; Devoret R J Bacteriol 171: 2415-23 (1989) To isolate strains with new recA mutations that differentially affect RecA protein functions, we mutagenized in vitro the recA gene carried by plasmid mini-F and then introduced the mini-F-recA plasmi89213922 Genetic separation of Escherichia coli recA functions for SOS mutagenesis and repressor cleavage. Ennis DG; Ossanna N; Mount DW J Bacteriol 171: 2533-41 (1989) Evidence is presented that recA functions which promote the SOS functions of mutagenesis, LexA protein proteolysis, and lambda cI repressor proteolysis are each genetically separable from the others. 89213937 Genetic analysis of bacteriophage lambda cIII gene: mRNA structural requirements for translation initiation. Kornitzer D; Teff D; Altuvia S; Oppenheim AB J Bacteriol 171: 2563-72 (1989) The bacteriophage lambda cIII gene product regulates the lysogenic pathway. The cIII gene is located in the leftward operon, which is transcribed from the pL promoter. We have previously shown (S. Alt89213941 Localization of the control region for expression of exotoxin A in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Tsaur ML; Clowes RC J Bacteriol 171: 2599-604 (1989) The 2,760-base-pair (bp) PstI-EcoRI segment of the chromosome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA103 which carries the exotoxin A structural gene was expressed from an internal promoter when cloned in a pUC989213945 [NMR study of the OR1 operator from phage lambda and its specific complex with CRO-repressor] Kirpichnikov MP; Kurochkin AV; Chernov BK; Volkov SK; Baev AA Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 286: 1005-8 (1986) 86135379 A transcription factor which binds to the enhancers of SV40, immunoglobulin heavy chain and U2 snRNA genes. Bohmann D; Keller W; Dale T; Scholer HR; Tebb G; Mattaj IW Nature 325: 268-72 (1987) In eukaryotes the transcriptional control of RNA polymerase II-mediated gene expression is exerted by cis-acting regulatory DNA elements classified as promoter and enhancer sequences. These elements a87115775 The TFIIIA recognition fragment d(GGATGGGAG).d(CTCCCATCC) is B-form in solution. Aboul-ela F; Varani G; Walker GT; Tinoco I Jr Nucleic Acids Res 16: 3559-72 (1988) The deoxyoligonucleotide d(GGATGGGAG).d(CTCCCATCC) is a portion of the gene recognition sequence of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA). The crystal structure of this oligonucleotide was shown to be A-88233941 Transcriptional and translational analysis of the murine 84- and 86-kDa heat shock proteins. Ullrich SJ; Moore SK; Appella E J Biol Chem 264: 6810-6 (1989) The mammalian 85-90-kDa heat shock protein(s) (hsp) have been shown to exist as two species of 84 and 86 kDa (Ullrich, S. J., Robinson, E. A., Law, L. W., Willingham, M., and Appella, E. (1986) Proc. 89214091 Identification of rat ovarian nuclear factors that interact with the cAMP-inducible lactate dehydrogenase A subunit promoter. Kwast-Welfeld J; Soong CJ; Short ML; Jungmann RA J Biol Chem 264: 6941-7 (1989) Utilizing the gel electrophoresis/DNA binding assay and a new technique of direct binding of radioactive DNA to protein blots, we have investigated putative factors selective for the cAMP-responsive e89214111 Internalization of human interleukin 4 and transient down-regulation of its receptor in the CD23-inducible Jijoye cells. Galizzi JP; Zuber CE; Cabrillat H; Djossou O; Banchereau J J Biol Chem 264: 6984-9 (1989) Human interleukin 4 (IL-4) specifically induces the low affinity receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R2/CD23) on the surface of the Burkitt lymphoma cell line Jijoye. At 4 degrees C 125I-IL-4 specifically bi89214117 Glucocorticoid regulation of hepatic 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase gene expression. Marker AJ; Colosia AD; Tauler A; Solomon DH; Cayre Y; Lange AJ; el-Maghrabi MR; Pilkis SJ J Biol Chem 264: 7000-4 (1989) The effect of adrenalectomy and triamcinolone treatment on mRNA encoding rat hepatic 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase was studied. Adrenalectomy decreased both the kinase and the b89214120 Developmental control of a promoter-specific factor that is also regulated by the E1A gene product. Reichel R; Kovesdi I; Nevins JR Cell 48: 501-6 (1987) We have detected a cellular factor in F9 teratocarcinoma cells that recognizes an adenovirus E1A inducible promoter. This factor, termed E2F, was previously identified in HeLa cells and was found at i87102898 Interaction of a nuclear factor-1-like protein with the regulatory region of the human polyomavirus JC virus. Amemiya K; Traub R; Durham L; Major EO J Biol Chem 264: 7025-32 (1989) We have initiated a study to identify host proteins which interact with the regulatory region of the human polyomavirus JC (JCV), which is associated with the demyelinating disease, progressive multif89214124 Cooperative binding of lambda repressors to sites separated by integral turns of the DNA helix. Hochschild A; Ptashne M Cell 44: 681-7 (1986) Lambda repressors bind cooperatively to adjacent pairs of operator sites. Here we show that repressors bind cooperatively to pairs of operator sites whose centers have been separated by five or six tu86133560 Glucagon gene transcription in an islet cell line is regulated via a protein kinase C-activated pathway. Philippe J; Drucker DJ; Habener JF J Biol Chem 262: 1823-8 (1987) Proglucagon is a polyprotein precursor containing not only glucagon and glicentin, but glucagon-like peptides-I and -II and an intervening peptide (IP-II). The glucagon gene is expressed in both pancr87109339 The Mnt repressor of bacteriophage P22: role of C-terminal residues in operator binding and tetramer formation. Knight KL; Sauer RT Biochemistry 27: 2088-94 (1988) A set of C-terminal deletion mutants of the Mnt repressor of bacteriophage P22 has been constructed, and the corresponding truncated proteins have been purified. A truncated protein lacking the three 88241037 Binding of the herpes simplex virus immediate-early gene product ICP4 to its own transcription start site. Muller MT J Virol 61: 858-65 (1987) A gel electrophoresis DNA-binding assay was used to detect proteins from herpes simplex virus type 1-infected and uninfected cells that specifically bind the upstream region of immediate-early (IE) ge87112998 Rat fibroblasts expressing high levels of human c-myc transcripts are anchorage-independent and tumorigenic. Pellegrini S; Basilico C J Cell Physiol 126: 107-14 (1986) The c-myc oncogene has been implicated in the genesis of tumors as it has been found to undergo rearrangements and structural alterations in several types of neoplasms. However, the molecular mechanis86112091 The structural stability of a protein is an important determinant of its proteolytic susceptibility in Escherichia coli. Parsell DA; Sauer RT J Biol Chem 264: 7590-5 (1989) To investigate the relationship between the degradation rate of a protein in Escherichia coli and its thermal stability in vitro, we constructed a set of variants of the N-terminal domain of lambda re89214208 Identification of C-terminal extensions that protect proteins from intracellular proteolysis. Bowie JU; Sauer RT J Biol Chem 264: 7596-602 (1989) Revertants of defective mutants in the Arc repressor of bacteriophage P22 were isolated. Five of the six reverting mutations were frameshifts near the end of the coding sequence which resulted in prot89214209 Comment on 'Duplicated sporulation genes in bacteria' by J. Errington, P. Fort and J. Mandelstam. Stragier P FEBS Lett 195: 9-11 (1986) 86108905 Differential expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in rat intestinal epithelial cells. Koyama SY; Podolsky DK J Clin Invest 83: 1768-73 (1989) Expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) was assessed in isolated primary rat intestinal epithelial cells as well as a rat intestinal 89214711 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation of the IL-2 receptor-alpha gene involves the induction of kappa B-specific DNA binding proteins. Lowenthal JW; Ballard DW; Bogerd H; Bohnlein E; Greene WC J Immunol 142: 3121-8 (1989) TNF-alpha induces the expression of IL-2R and promotes the proliferation and differentiation of T and B cells. In this report, we have studied the biochemical basis for TNF-alpha activation of the IL-89215273 Expression of mink cell focus-forming murine leukemia virus-related transcripts in AKR mice. Khan AS; Laigret F; Rodi CP J Virol 61: 876-82 (1987) We used a synthetic 16-base-pair mink cell focus-forming (MCF) env-specific oligomer as radiolabeled probe to study MCF murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-related transcripts in brain, kidney, liver, spleen87113000 The DNA sequence of the Rhodobacter capsulatus ntrA, ntrB and ntrC gene analogues required for nitrogen fixation. Jones R; Haselkorn R Mol Gen Genet 215: 507-16 (1989) We have determined the DNA sequence for the genes nifR1, nifR2 and nifR4 in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. These genes regulate transcription of the nifHDK operon and so limit th89218961 [1H-NMR study of the OR1 operon in bacteriophage lambda. I. Assignment of signals from imino protons and adenine C2 protons] Kirpichnikov MP; Kurochkin AV; Chernov BK; Buck F; Hahn KD Mol Biol (Mosk) 20: 1562-9 (1986) An oligodeoxyribonucleotide composed of 17 residues, d(TATCACCGCCAGAGGTA), and a complementary chain were synthesized. Their duplex was identical with the operator OR1, the binding site for bacterioph87115495 Selective transcription of an insulin-regulated gene in nuclear extracts of rat hepatoma cells. Sato T; Larner J; Larner AC Biochem Biophys Res Commun 153: 116-27 (1988) We have previously shown that when H4 hepatoma cells are pretreated with insulin, plant lectins, phorbol esters, or insulin mediator, the steady state concentration of gene 33 mRNA is markedly increas88240388 The first and fourth upstream open reading frames in GCN4 mRNA have similar initiation efficiencies but respond differently in translational control to change in length and sequence. Mueller PP; Jackson BM; Miller PF; Hinnebusch AG Mol Cell Biol 8: 5439-47 (1988) The third and fourth AUG codons in GCN4 mRNA efficiently repress translation of the GCN4-coding sequences under normal growth conditions. The first AUG codon is approximately 30-fold less inhibitory a89219005 The human transforming growth factor alpha promoter directs transcription initiation from a single site in the absence of a TATA sequence. Jakobovits EB; Schlokat U; Vannice JL; Derynck R; Levinson AD Mol Cell Biol 8: 5549-54 (1988) Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) is a transformation-responsive mitogenic polypeptide that is expressed in the brain, epithelial cells, and activated macrophages. We isolated and character89219018 T-cell activation signals and human T-cell leukemia virus type I-encoded p40x protein activate the mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene through a common DNA element. Miyatake S; Seiki M; Yoshida M; Arai K Mol Cell Biol 8: 5581-7 (1988) Activation of T cells by an antigen, a mitogen, or a combination of a phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [TPA]) and a calcium ionophore (A23187) leads to induction of a set of lymphok89219024 Functional identification of regulatory elements within the promoter region of platelet-derived growth factor 2. Pech M; Rao CD; Robbins KC; Aaronson SA Mol Cell Biol 9: 396-405 (1989) Human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is composed of two polypeptide chains, PDGF-1 and PDGF-2, the human homolog of the v-sis oncogene. Deregulation of PDGF-2 expression can confer a growth adv89219031 Gene encoding the 37,000-dalton minor sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase: isolation, nucleotide sequence, chromosomal locus, and cryptic function. Duncan ML; Kalman SS; Thomas SM; Price CW J Bacteriol 169: 771-8 (1987) We began an analysis of rpoF, the gene encoding the cryptic, 37,000-dalton minor sigma factor (sigma-37) of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. Using antibody raised against sigma-37 holoenzyme to probe87109071 Flexibility of the DNA-binding domains of trp repressor. Lawson CL; Zhang RG; Schevitz RW; Otwinowski Z; Joachimiak A; Sigler PB Proteins 3: 18-31 (1988) An orthorhombic crystal form of trp repressor (aporepressor plus L-tryptophan ligand) was solved by molecular replacement, refined to 1.65 A resolution, and compared to the structure of the repressor 88234482 A yeast protein possesses the DNA-binding properties of the adenovirus major late transcription factor. Chodosh LA; Buratowski S; Sharp PA Mol Cell Biol 9: 820-2 (1989) The adenovirus major late transcription factor (MLTF), or upstream stimulatory factor, is a human promoter-specific transcription factor which recognizes the near-palindromic sequence GGCCACGTGACC (R.89219077 NF-kappa B binds within a region required for B-cell-specific expression of major histocompatibility complex class II gene E alpha d. Blanar MA; Burkly LC; Flavell RA Mol Cell Biol 9: 844-6 (1989) A region upstream of the murine major histocompatibility complex gene, E alpha d, has been shown previously to be required for B-cell expression. Binding of the B-cell-specific factor, NF-kappa B, to 89219082 A liver-specific DNA-binding protein recognizes multiple nucleotide sites in regulatory regions of transthyretin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, albumin, and simian virus 40 genes. Costa RH; Grayson DR; Xanthopoulos KG; Darnell JE Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 3840-4 (1988) Double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides that represent protein binding sites in the regulatory regions of the mouse genes encoding transthyretin (TTR) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) bound a nuclea88234517 The E. coli Rho protein: an ATPase that terminates transcription. Bear DG; Peabody DS Trends Biochem Sci 13: 343-7 (1988) 89223035 [Cytochemical research on the state of the histone component and of chromatin matrix activity in neurocytes of the rat sympathetic ganglion at different times after dissection of the pre- and postgangChernykh GV; Grigor'eva AV; Iarygin VN Tsitologiia 30: 175-82 (1988) Chromatin template activity and histones were studied in the rat superior cervical ganglion neurons of the 2nd, 10th and 60th days after bilateral pre- or postganglionic nerve division using the Moore88236686 The role of highly conserved single-stranded nucleotides of Xenopus 5S RNA in the binding of transcription factor IIIA. Romaniuk PJ Biochemistry 28: 1388-95 (1989) The role of highly conserved single-stranded sequence elements of Xenopus 5S RNA in the binding of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) was studied. A series of mutant 5S RNA genes were constructed with89229154 Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 trans-activator specifically binds to a consensus AP-1 site and is related to c-fos. Farrell PJ; Rowe DT; Rooney CM; Kouzarides T EMBO J 8: 127-32 (1989) Two regions of the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 trans-activator protein have sequence similarity to the c-fos protein. Part of the similarity corresponds to the region of c-fos which is similar to the DNA89231610 The phage Mu 'late' gene transcription activator, C, is a site-specific DNA binding protein. Nagaraja V; Hecht G; Hattman S Biochem Pharmacol 37: 1809-10 (1988) 88240554 Purification and characterization of the deoR repressor of Escherichia coli. Mortensen L; Dandanell G; Hammer K EMBO J 8: 325-31 (1989) The deoR gene, which encodes the deor repressor protein in Escherichia coli, was fused to the strong Ptrc promoter in plasmid pKK233-2. The Ptrc promoter is kept repressed by lacI repressor to prevent89231635 Induction of heat shock protein transcripts and B2 transcripts by various stresses in Chinese hamster cells. Fornace AJ Jr; Alamo I Jr; Hollander MC; Lamoreaux E Exp Cell Res 182: 61-74 (1989) We have investigated the induction of known hsp (heat shock protein) RNA and other heat shock (HS) inducible transcripts in Chinese hamster cells by various stresses including DNA damaging agents. cDN89232028 Temporal and spatial control of silk gene transcription analyzed by nuclear run-on assays. Obara T; Suzuki Y Dev Biol 127: 384-91 (1988) In vivo transcriptional activity of the Bombyx mori fibroin and sericin genes was estimated by nuclear run-on assay. Tissue-specific and developmental stage-specific expression of the fibroin and seri88242936 Tandem genes encoding sigma-factors for consecutive steps of development in Bacillus subtilis. Karmazyn-Campelli C; Bonamy C; Savelli B; Stragier P Genes Dev 3: 150-7 (1989) During sporulation, Bacillus subtilis undergoes successive morphological changes that can be arrested at various stages by mutations in many genes. One of these, spoIIGB, encodes a transcriptional fac89232712 The Hox-1.3 homeo box protein is a sequence-specific DNA-binding phosphoprotein. Odenwald WF; Garbern J; Arnheiter H; Tournier-Lasserve E; Lazzarini RA Genes Dev 3: 158-72 (1989) We report that the murine Hox-1.3 homeo domain protein is a nuclear phosphoprotein capable of binding to specific DNA sequences. DNase I protection of the Hox-1.3 gene promoter region with the Hox-1.389232713 The product of a fos-related gene, fra-1, binds cooperatively to the AP-1 site with Jun: transcription factor AP-1 is comprised of multiple protein complexes. Cohen DR; Ferreira PC; Gentz R; Franza BR Jr; Curran T Genes Dev 3: 173-84 (1989) fra-1 encodes a serum-inducible protein (Fra-1) that is antigenically related to Fos. We have characterized Fra-1 expression in serum-stimulated cells using antibodies raised against several regions o89232714 Multiple sequence elements in the c-fos promoter mediate induction by cAMP. Fisch TM; Prywes R; Simon MC; Roeder RG Genes Dev 3: 198-211 (1989) Induction of c-fos by cyclic AMP in NIH-3T3 cells is distinct from induction by serum. Whereas induction by serum is mediated by the serum response element (SRE), induction by cAMP does not require th89232716 Energetics of interaction of oligopeptide (lac 53-57) with DNA base sequences and origin of sequence-specific recognition. Kalia A; Royyuru AK; Mrigank; Kothekar V FEBS Lett 195: 48-52 (1986) Computer model building with a dynamic energy minimization procedure is used here to study the interaction of a pentapeptide sequence from the lac repressor headpiece (lac 53-57) with different base s86108896 A remarkable nucleotide sequence on the 3' border of the chicken lysozyme gene that possibly creates a constitutively DNase I hypersensitive site. Hauber J; Nelbock P; Jantzen K Nucleic Acids Res 16: 4736 (1988) 88247787 Mutational analysis of the herpes simplex virus trans-inducing factor Vmw65. Werstuck G; Capone JP Gene 75: 213-24 (1989) Vmw65 is a structural component of herpes simplex virus which, in conjunction with host factors, trans-activates the expression of the viral immediate-early genes. In order to examine the relationship89232752 Complete nucleotide sequence and gene organization of the broad-host-range plasmid RSF1010. Scholz P; Haring V; Wittmann-Liebold B; Ashman K; Bagdasarian M; Scherzinger E Gene 75: 271-88 (1989) We present the complete nucleotide sequence of RSF1010, a naturally occurring broad-host-range plasmid belonging to the Escherichia coli incompatibility group Q and encoding resistance to streptomycin89232758 Novel method for studying mRNA phenotypes in single or small numbers of cells. Rappolee DA; Wang A; Mark D; Werb Z J Cell Biochem 39: 1-11 (1989) Biological processes, such as growth control, are often governed by biochemical steps involving mRNA transcripts that are short-lived and have a low copy number. Furthermore, the cells involved in the89234228 Preproenkephalin DNA-binding proteins in the rat: 5' flanking region. La Gamma EF; Goldstein NK; Snyder JB Jr; Weisinger G Brain Res Mol Brain Res 5: 131-40 (1989) Various extracellular signals (i.e. transmitters, hormones, growth factors, etc.), together with their respective second-messenger pathways, regulate transmitter biosynthesis and neuronal function by 89237759 Differing strategies for organizing anterior and posterior body pattern in Drosophila embryos. Struhl G Nature 338: 741-4 (1989) Opposing anterior and posterior morphogen systems specify the segmented body pattern of Drosophila. The anterior morphogen, bicoid, exerts a direct, instructive influence on head and thoracic pattern 89238521 Alternative packing arrangements in the hydrophobic core of lambda repressor. Lim WA; Sauer RT Nature 339: 31-6 (1989) The random alteration of hydrophobic core positions in the N-terminal domain of lambda-repressor, both individually and in combination, shows that there are many ways of repacking the core of the prot89238539 Activation of HIV gene expression during monocyte differentiation by induction of NF-kappa B. Griffin GE; Leung K; Folks TM; Kunkel S; Nabel GJ Nature 339: 70-3 (1989) The latent period of AIDS is influenced by factors which activate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in different cell types. Although monocytic cells may provide a reservoir for virus pro89238550 Effect of protein synthesis inhibitors on growth factor activation of c-fos, c-myc, and actin gene transcription. Greenberg ME; Hermanowski AL; Ziff EB Mol Cell Biol 6: 1050-7 (1986) Stimulation of quiescent 3T3 cells with purified growth factors or of the pheochromocytoma cell line PC12 with nerve growth factor results in the rapid transient induction of c-fos, c-myc, and actin g87064370 Measurement of the binding of transcription factor Sp1 to a single GC box recognition sequence. Letovsky J; Dynan WS Nucleic Acids Res 17: 2639-53 (1989) The equilibrium constant was determined for the binding of the transcription factor Sp1 to a single consensus GC box DNA recognition site, (5'-GGGGCGGGGC-3'). For these experiments, single copies of t89240024 Intramolecular cleavage of LexA and phage lambda repressors: dependence of kinetics on repressor concentration, pH, temperature, and solvent. Slilaty SN; Rupley JA; Little JW Biochemistry 25: 6866-75 (1986) LexA repressor of Escherichia coli and phage lambda repressor are inactivated in vivo and in vitro by specific cleavage of an Ala-Gly peptide bond in reactions requiring RecA protein. At mildly alkali87100945 Structure and function of the Zn(II) binding site within the DNA-binding domain of the GAL4 transcription factor. Pan T; Coleman JE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 3145-9 (1989) The transcription factor GAL4 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a "zinc-finger"-like motif, Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa6-Cys-Xaa6-Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa6+ ++-Cys, within its DNA-binding domain. A GAL4 fragment co89240693 [(Proto)-oncogenes, cellular growth and development] Morello D Reprod Nutr Dev 28: 1687-98 (1988) In the past few years, one realizes that number of genes whose products are involved in regulating normal cell growth and development are also capable of inducing malignancy. These genes are called on89241629 Peptides regulate the activity of RNA polymerases in Tetrahymena. Andersen HA; Islin H Biochim Biophys Acta 908: 1-11 (1987) An exponentially multiplying population of the protozoa Tetrahymena has a highly variable transcription rate when cultivated in a complex broth medium. It is shown that peptides in the medium specific87101168 Protein domain structure influences observed distribution of mutation. Gordon AJ; Glickman BW Mutat Res 208: 105-8 (1988) 88246489 AP1/jun function is differentially induced in promotion-sensitive and resistant JB6 cells. Bernstein LR; Colburn NH Science 244: 566-9 (1989) Tumor promoters may bring about events that lead to neoplastic transformation by inducing specific promotion-relevant effector genes. Functional activation of the transacting transcription factor AP-189242118 [Cooperation between oncogenes: the function of immortalizing oncogenes] Glaichenhaus N Pathol Biol (Paris) 34: 819-21 (1986) 87066443 Role of the cysteine-rich region of HIV tat protein on its trans-activational ability. Kubota S; Endo S; Maki M; Hatanaka M Virus Genes 2: 113-8 (1989) The tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has a characteristic cysteine-rich region containing 7 cysteines within 16 residues. The role of this region was investigated by creation of sever89243214 Sequence organization in regulatory regions of DNA of minute virus of mice. Bodnar JW Virus Genes 2: 167-82 (1989) Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of minute virus of mice (MVM) DNA indicates that the DNA termini contain clusters of potential DNA regulatory elements and that there are repetitive DNA elements hi89243219 [The induction of interferon formation: interferon as a possible repressor] Bokhon'ko AI; Mamontova TV; Orlova TG Vopr Virusol 33: 745-7 (1988) 89243345 N-terminal domain of the bacteriophage lambda repressor: investigation of secondary structure and tyrosine hydrogen bonding in wild-type and mutant sequences by Raman spectroscopy. Thomas GJ Jr; Prescott B; Benevides JM; Weiss MA Biochemistry 25: 6768-78 (1986) Laser Raman spectroscopy has been employed to investigate structures of the lambda repressor N-terminal fragment, which recognizes operator DNA. Examination of repressor fragments containing deuterate87100932 Expression and regulation of Halobacterium halobium phage phi H genes. Gropp F; Palm P; Zillig W Can J Microbiol 35: 182-8 (1989) In this paper we describe five distinct modes of phi H gene expression: (i) transcription of phage phi H during lytic growth on the sensitive host bacterium (Halobacterium halobium strain R1); (ii) tr89248678 Gene organization and structure of two transcriptional units from Methanococcus coding for ribosomal proteins and elongation factors. Auer J; Lechner K; Bock A Can J Microbiol 35: 200-4 (1989) Two transcriptional units coding for ribosomal proteins and protein synthesis elongation factors in Methanococcus vannielii have been cloned and analysed in detail. They correspond to the "streptomyci89248682 The structure and evolution of archaebacterial ribosomal RNAs. Wolters J; Erdmann VA Can J Microbiol 35: 43-51 (1989) A cladistic analysis of 553 5S rRNA sequences has revealed a Ur-5S rRNA, the ancestor of all present-day 5S rRNA molecules. Previously stated characteristic differences between the eubacterial and euk89248691 Polyadenylate polymerases from normal and cancer cells and their potential role in messenger RNA processing: a review. Jacob ST; Terns MP; Maguire KA Cancer Res 49: 2827-33 (1989) Two structurally and immunologically distinct species of nuclear polyadenylate [poly(A)] polymerases have been characterized. One of these enzymes is relatively absent in normal tissues but is predomi89248946 Alterations in crystallin gene expression during subculture of chick lens cells. Patek CE; Clayton RM Exp Eye Res 43: 595-606 (1986) We report here on the changes in crystallin gene expression during serial subculture of lens epithelial cells derived from day-old post-hatch chicks. Total cellular RNA from mass cultures were analyse87080605 Expression of transforming growth factor alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor messenger RNA in neoplastic and nonneoplastic human kidney tissue. Mydlo JH; Michaeli J; Cordon-Cardo C; Goldenberg AS; Heston WD; Fair WR Cancer Res 49: 3407-11 (1989) Using Northern blot analysis, we have demonstrated that mRNA for transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) was expressed in five malignant kidney tissue specimens but was not detected in their auto89249042 Nucleotide sequence of the penicillinase repressor gene penI of Bacillus licheniformis and regulation of penP and penI by the repressor [published erratum appears in J Bacteriol 1987 Jul;169(7):3392] Himeno T; Imanaka T; Aiba S J Bacteriol 168: 1128-32 (1986) Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase genes, penP and penI, are coded on a 4.2-kilobase EcoRI fragment of pTTE21 (T. Imanaka, T. Tanaka, H. Tsunekawa, and S. Aiba, J. Bacteriol. 147:776-186, 1981). The87057011 Unusual mRNA pseudoknot structure is recognized by a protein translational repressor. Tang CK; Draper DE Cell 57: 531-6 (1989) Translation of ribosomal proteins in the alpha operon of E. coli is repressed by one of the encoded proteins, S4; it specifically recognizes an RNA fragment containing the translational initiation sit89249318 [Effect of mutation crp11 in the 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate receptor on the expression of the udp gene in Escherichia coli K12 strains deficient for transcription termination factors (rho tsAstvatsaturian MZ Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 23: 35-8 (1986) The suppression of temperature sensitive phenotype caused by mutation rho ts 15, making cells deficient in transcription termination, but mutation crp11 impairing the cAMP-receptor protein (cap) resto87090056 Stimulation of androgen-dependent gene expression by the adrenal precursors dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione in the rat ventral prostate. Labrie C; Simard J; Zhao HF; Belanger A; Pelletier G; Labrie F Endocrinology 124: 2745-54 (1989) Androgens play a major role in the development, growth, and function of accessory sexual organs, especially the prostate. However, the testis is not the sole source of circulating androgens in man, si89251441 Ubiquitous and lymphocyte-specific factors are involved in the induction of the mouse interleukin 2 gene in T lymphocytes. Serfling E; Barthelmas R; Pfeuffer I; Schenk B; Zarius S; Swoboda R; Mercurio F; Karin M EMBO J 8: 465-73 (1989) The immediate upstream region of the mouse interleukin 2 (Il-2) gene harbors a strong transcriptional enhancer. This enhancer contains most, if not all of the sequence elements necessary for the T cel89251573 Bovine leukemia virus trans-activator p38tax activates heterologous promoters with a common sequence known as a cAMP-responsive element or the binding site of a cellular transcription factor ATF. Katoh I; Yoshinaka Y; Ikawa Y EMBO J 8: 497-503 (1989) The genome of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) encodes a transcriptional trans-activator p38tax (also referred to as pXBL-I) which amplifies the virus gene expression driven by its long terminal repeat (LT89251577 Regulation of tissue-specific alternative splicing: exon-specific cis-elements govern the splicing of leukocyte common antigen pre-mRNA. Streuli M; Saito H EMBO J 8: 787-96 (1989) Tissue-specific alternative splicing is an important mechanism for controlling gene expression. Exons 4, 5 and 6 of the human leukocyte common antigen (LCA) gene are included in B cell mRNA but exclud89251610 The product of a novel growth factor activated gene, fos B, interacts with JUN proteins enhancing their DNA binding activity. Zerial M; Toschi L; Ryseck RP; Schuermann M; Muller R; Bravo R EMBO J 8: 805-13 (1989) We have identified a gene, fos B, encoding a nuclear protein of 338 amino acids presenting a 70% homology with c-fos, whose expression is activated during G0/G1 transition. Growth factor stimulation o89251612 The cellular response to induction of the p21 c-Ha-ras oncoprotein includes stimulation of jun gene expression. Sistonen L; Holtta E; Makela TP; Keski-Oja J; Alitalo K EMBO J 8: 815-22 (1989) We have studied the effects of c-Ha-ras oncogene in mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts by DNA transfection and analysis of gene expression at the mRNA and protein level in a heat- and heavy metal-inducible mod89251613 The 5' flanking region of the pS2 gene contains a complex enhancer region responsive to oestrogens, epidermal growth factor, a tumour promoter (TPA), the c-Ha-ras oncoprotein and the c-jun protein. Nunez AM; Berry M; Imler JL; Chambon P EMBO J 8: 823-9 (1989) Expression of the pS2 gene which is transcriptionally controlled by oestrogens in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 is oestrogen independent in stomach mucosa. We show here that the level of MCF-7 cel89251614 Comparison of promoter suppression in avian and murine retrovirus vectors. Emerman M; Temin HM Nucleic Acids Res 14: 9381-96 (1986) Previously, we described "promoter suppression" in infectious retrovirus vectors with two genes and an internal promoter. Here, we examined several parameters of promoter suppression and found that th87091567 Oestradiol induction of a glucocorticoid-responsive gene by a chimaeric receptor. Green S; Chambon P Nature 325: 75-8 (1987) Steroid hormone receptors are a class of cell-specific trans-acting transcription regulatory factors whose activity is controlled by specific binding of the hormone. The hormone-receptor complex appea87090406 Molecular recognition. Feeling for the bumps [news] Schlief R Nature 325: 14-5 (1987) 87090391 EXAFS study of the zinc-binding sites in the protein transcription factor IIIA. Diakun GP; Fairall L; Klug A Nature 324: 698-9 (1986) The protein transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) is involved in the synthesis of 5S RNA in vitro by RNA polymerase III. It can be isolated from Xenopus laevis oocytes as a 7S particle in which the prote87090387 In vitro transcription and delimitation of promoter elements of the murine dihydrofolate reductase gene. Farnham PJ; Schimke RT Mol Cell Biol 6: 2392-401 (1986) We have developed an in vitro transcription system for the murine dihydrofolate reductase gene. Although transcription in vitro from a linearized template was initiated at the same start sites as in v87064536 In vitro formation of short RNA polymerase II transcripts that terminate within the HIV-1 and HIV-2 promoter-proximal downstream regions. Toohey MG; Jones KA Genes Dev 3: 265-82 (1989) Trans-activation of HIV-1 transcription by the viral regulatory protein Tat has been proposed recently to overcome a block to RNA polymerase II elongation in vivo imposed by 5'-untranslated leader seq89252806 Yeast YAP1 encodes a novel form of the jun family of transcriptional activator proteins. Moye-Rowley WS; Harshman KD; Parker CS Genes Dev 3: 283-92 (1989) The jun family of transcriptional activators includes mammalian AP-1 as well as the yeast regulatory protein GCN4. Recently, an additional transcriptional activator has been found in yeast that recogn89252807 Downstream sequences affect transcription initiation from the adenovirus major late promoter. Mansour SL; Grodzicker T; Tjian R Mol Cell Biol 6: 2684-94 (1986) We analyzed a set of adenovirus-simian virus 40 (SV40) hybrids in which the SV40 T antigen coding sequences are inserted downstream from the adenovirus major late promoter within the first, second, an87064569 Two-level regulation of cardiac actin gene transcription: muscle-specific modulating factors can accumulate before gene activation. Minty A; Blau H; Kedes L Mol Cell Biol 6: 2137-48 (1986) We have previously proposed that the upstream regions of the human cardiac actin gene contain sequences that interact with muscle-specific factors with direct high-level transcription of this gene in 87064505 Structural and functional analysis of the promoter region of the nerve growth factor gene. Zheng M; Heinrich G Brain Res 427: 133-40 (1988) Molecular clones containing the NGF gene promoter regions and exons I were isolated from mouse and rat genomic libraries with synthetic oligonucleotide hybridization probes that corresponded to the 5'88252771 Conferring new specificity upon restriction endonucleases by combining repressor-operator interaction and methylation. Koob M; Grimes E; Szybalski W Gene 74: 165-7 (1988) 89252855 Screening recombinant baculovirus plaques in situ with antibody probes. Capone J Gene Anal Tech 6: 62-6 (1989) A procedure that allows one to directly detect baculovirus recombinants that express foreign proteins of interest in situ using antibody probes is described. Nitrocellulose replicas of recombinant pla89253250 DNA-binding properties of the transcription activator (OmpR) for the upstream sequences of ompF in Escherichia coli are altered by envZ mutations and medium osmolarity. Forst SA; Delgado J; Inouye M J Bacteriol 171: 2949-55 (1989) Expression in Escherichia coli of the genes that encode the major outer membrane porin proteins (OmpF and OmpC) is regulated by the transcription activator protein OmpR and the receptorlike protein En89255046 [Morphometric and autoradiographic analysis of protein biosynthesis and the transcription apparatus in sympathetic neurons of normal and partially sympathectomized rats] Chuchkova NN; Morozov IA; Iarygin VN Biull Eksp Biol Med 101: 92-4 (1986) Cytological analysis of protein biosynthesis has been performed in sympathetic neurons of partially desympathized rats 1 and 6 months of age. Pronounced increase in the area of EPS-membranes, the amou86104665 The NGF and kallikrein genes of mouse, the African rat Mastomys natalensis and man: their distribution and mode of expression in the salivary gland. Bowcock AM; Fahnestock M; Goslin K; Shooter EM Brain Res 427: 165-72 (1988) The kallikrein genes and their expression in the salivary glands of mouse, the African rat Mastomys natalensis and human were compared. The Mastomys kallikrein genes comprise a family of genes similar88252775 Overproduced bacteriophage T4 gene 33 protein binds RNA polymerase. Williams KP; Muller R; Ruger W; Geiduschek EP J Bacteriol 171: 3579-82 (1989) Bacteriophage T4 gene 33 protein (gp33), which is required for viral late transcription, has been overproduced. The purified gp33 binds to RNA polymerase core from uninfected or T4-infected Escherichi89255139 Regulation of transcription in vitro from herpes simplex virus genes. Pizer LI; Tedder DG; Betz JL; Wilcox KW; Beard P J Virol 60: 950-9 (1986) In vitro transcription assays were carried out by using as templates DNAs cut from the herpes simplex virus early glycoprotein D gene, the late glycoprotein C gene, the late VP5 gene, and the immediat87061220 Nerve growth factor induces the proto-oncogene c-jun in PC12 cells. Wu BY; Fodor EJ; Edwards RH; Rutter WJ J Biol Chem 264: 9000-3 (1989) Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces the rapid but transient expression of two transcripts with homology to the proto-oncogene c-jun (AP-1) in PC12 cells. The c-jun transcripts increase within 15 min aft89255375 Dominance relationships among mutant alleles of regulatory gene araC in the Escherichia coli B/R L-arabinose operon. Sheppard DE J Bacteriol 168: 999-1001 (1986) The araBAD operon of Escherichia coli B/r is positively and negatively regulated by the araC+ regulatory protein. Mutations in gene araC can result in a variety of different regulatory phenotypes: ara87056999 Stereochemical effects of L-tryptophan and its analogues on trp repressor's affinity for operator-DNA. Marmorstein RQ; Sigler PB J Biol Chem 264: 9149-54 (1989) We have employed a filter binding assay to help study the mechanism by which bound L-tryptophan enables the Escherichia coli trp repressor to bind its operators. We have prepared variants of the trp r89255402 Expression, purification and operator binding of the transposon Tn1721-encoded Tet repressor. Klock G; Hillen W J Mol Biol 189: 633-41 (1986) The regulation of expression of the Tn1721-encoded tetracycline-resistance determinant is described at the molecular level. The transcriptional control element consists of overlapping divergent promot87060957 Regulation of rat growth hormone receptor gene expression. Mathews LS; Enberg B; Norstedt G J Biol Chem 264: 9905-10 (1989) A cDNA encoding the growth hormone (GH) receptor was cloned from rat liver. Both the nucleotide and translated amino acid sequence share greater than 70% similarity with the GH receptors from rabbit a89255563 TGF beta gene transcription in normal and neoplastic liver growth. Carr BI; Huang TH; Itakura K; Noel M; Marceau N J Cell Biochem 39: 477-87 (1989) TGF beta is a potent, nontoxic inhibitor of mitogen-induced DNA synthesis in primary cultures of adult rat hepatocytes. Using a cDNA probe, we investigated TGF beta gene expression in quiescent, regen89255691 Mithramycin blocks protein binding and function of the SV40 early promoter. Ray R; Snyder RC; Thomas S; Koller CA; Miller DM J Clin Invest 83: 2003-7 (1989) Specific interactions between DNA and transcription factors are necessary for transcription initiation. These interactions provide a potential target for the selective inhibition of eukaryotic gene ex89255959 Modulation of cytokine production by transforming growth factor-beta. Chantry D; Turner M; Abney E; Feldmann M J Immunol 142: 4295-300 (1989) Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is one of a family of polypeptides involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. The effects of human rTGF-beta 1 on the production of I89256679 Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in E1A oncogene-induced susceptibility of neoplastic cells to lysis by natural killer cells and activated macrophages. Cook JL; May DL; Wilson BA; Holskin B; Chen MJ; Shalloway D; Walker TA J Immunol 142: 4527-34 (1989) NIH-3T3 cells transfected with adenovirus E1A oncogene cDNA were found to exhibit cytolytic susceptibility to murine NK cells and activated macrophages associated with a threshold level of oncogene pr89256712 Modification enhancement by the restriction alleviation protein (Ral) of bacteriophage lambda. Loenen WA; Murray NE J Mol Biol 190: 11-22 (1986) The product of the lambda ral gene alleviates restriction and enhances modification by the Escherichia coli K-12 restriction and modification system. An open reading frame (orf) located between genes 87060972 Nucleotide sequence of the CytR regulatory gene of E. coli K-12. Valentin-Hansen P; Larsen JE; Hojrup P; Short SA; Barbier CS Nucleic Acids Res 14: 2215-28 (1986) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the cytR gene, which codes for the Cyt repressor (CytR). The coding region consists of 1023 or 1029 bp. The subunits of CytR are thus predicted to consist86176724 Amino acid sequence template useful for alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix prediction. Shestopalov BV FEBS Lett 233: 105-8 (1988) Necessary stereochemical requirements for an amino acid sequence segment to fold into an alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix supersecondary structure are presented in sequence template form. The usefulness o88255273 Absence of a phosphorylated intermediate during ATP hydrolysis by Escherichia coli transcription termination protein rho. Stitt BL; Webb MR J Biol Chem 261: 15906-9 (1986) We have established the suitability of adenosine 5'-O-(gamma-thio)triphosphate(ATP gamma S) as an analog of ATP for the nucleoside triphosphatase activity of Escherichia coli transcription termination87057243 The yeast cell-type-specific repressor alpha 2 acts cooperatively with a non-cell-type-specific protein. Keleher CA; Goutte C; Johnson AD Cell 53: 927-36 (1988) The yeast alpha 2 protein is a cell-type-specific transcriptional repressor. It acts by binding to an operator located upstream of each of its target genes. In this paper, we describe a protein (GRM) 88253413 Responsiveness of the Epstein-Barr virus NotI repeat promoter to the Z transactivator is mediated in a cell-type-specific manner by two independent signal regions. Lieberman PM; Hardwick JM; Hayward SD J Virol 63: 3040-50 (1989) Cells latently infected with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be activated to express lytic-cycle polypeptides by the introduction of the EBV-encoded Z transactivator, indicating that this protein has a p89259097 Independent cyclic AMP and E1A induction of adenovirus early region 4 expression. Leza MA; Hearing P J Virol 63: 3057-64 (1989) A cellular transcription factor, ATF, binds to a repeated element in the adenovirus early region 4 (E4) promoter. ATF also binds to other viral early promoter regions and to the cyclic AMP (cAMP) resp89259099 How lambda repressor and lambda Cro distinguish between OR1 and OR3. Hochschild A; Douhan J 3d; Ptashne M Cell 47: 807-16 (1986) Although lambda repressor and lambda Cro bind to the same six operators on the phage chromosome, the fine specificities of the two proteins differ: repressor binds more tightly to OR1 than to OR3, and87051752 Genetic assignment of multiple E2 gene products in bovine papillomavirus-transformed cells. Lambert PF; Hubbert NL; Howley PM; Schiller JT J Virol 63: 3151-4 (1989) The E2 open reading frame of bovine papillomavirus type 1 has been shown genetically to encode at least three transcriptional regulatory factors, and three E2 specific proteins have been recently iden89259111 The La antigen shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in CV-1 cells. Bachmann M; Pfeifer K; Schroder HC; Muller WE Mol Cell Biochem 85: 103-14 (1989) Recently we established a monoclonal antibody against the La-protein (Bachmann et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 83, 7770, 1986). The antibody gives a nuclear speckled type staining and, in addition89261694 Regulation of 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase gene expression by interferons and platelet-derived growth factor. Garcia-Blanco MA; Lengyel P; Morrison E; Brownlee C; Stiles CD; Rutherford M; Hannigan G; Williams BR Mol Cell Biol 9: 1060-8 (1989) In murine BALB/c 3T3 cell cultures, either beta interferon or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) enhanced expression of the 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase mRNA and protein. The time course of indu89261709 DNA-binding and enzymatic domains of the bifunctional biotin operon repressor (BirA) of Escherichia coli. Buoncristiani MR; Howard PK; Otsuka AJ Gene 44: 255-61 (1986) The negative regulation of the biotin biosynthetic (bio) operon in Escherichia coli is mediated by the bifunctional birA gene product, which serves as the bio repressor and biotin-activating enzyme. N87055242 An AP1-binding site in the c-fos gene can mediate induction by epidermal growth factor and 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate. Fisch TM; Prywes R; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 9: 1327-31 (1989) We have demonstrated that two sequence elements in the c-fos promoter can mediate the response of the gene to epidermal growth factor and the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)89261739 Interleukin 1 and cyclic AMP induce kappa immunoglobulin light-chain expression via activation of an NF-kappa B-like DNA-binding protein. Shirakawa F; Chedid M; Suttles J; Pollok BA; Mizel SB Mol Cell Biol 9: 959-64 (1989) Interleukin 1 (IL-1) induces the synthesis of kappa immunoglobulin light chains and the expression of surface immunoglobulin in the murine pre-B-cell line 70Z/3 (J. G. Giri, P. W. Kincade, and S. B. M89261759 Expression of Escherichia coli infC: identification of a promoter in an upstream thrS coding sequence. Pramanik A; Wertheimer SJ; Schwartz JJ; Schwartz I J Bacteriol 168: 746-51 (1986) infC, the gene which codes for translation initiation factor 3, is situated in a cluster in the genome of Escherichia coli with genes for several other components of the translation apparatus. Only th87056962 Complete nucleotide sequence and transcription of ermF, a macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance determinant from Bacteroides fragilis. Rasmussen JL; Odelson DA; Macrina FL J Bacteriol 168: 523-33 (1986) DNA sequence analysis of a portion of an EcoRI fragment of the Bacteroides fragilis R plasmid pBF4 has allowed us to identify the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance (MLSr) gene, ermF. er87056929 Transcriptional patterns for the thrS-infC-rplT operon of Escherichia coli. Wertheimer SJ; Klotsky RA; Schwartz I Gene 63: 309-20 (1988) The genes coding for threonyl-tRNA synthetase (thrS), translation initiation factor 3 (infC) and ribosomal protein L20 (rplT) are clustered in the Escherichia coli genome. Previous studies had suggest88255876 Purification and characterization of multiple nuclear factors that bind to the TAX-inducible enhancer within the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 long terminal repeat. Tan TH; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 9: 1733-45 (1989) Within the human T-cell leukemia virus type I promoter, there are three copies of a 21-base-pair repeat (hereafter called the tax-responsive element [TRE]) that both contributes to basal promoter acti89261803 Cellular factors that interact with the hepatitis B virus enhancer. Ben-Levy R; Faktor O; Berger I; Shaul Y Mol Cell Biol 9: 1804-9 (1989) An 83-base-pair-long hepatitis B virus DNA fragment efficiently activates the transcription of the heterologous globin gene promoter. This fragment contains binding sites for at least four distinct ce89261813 Allosteric regulation of inducer and operator binding to the lactose repressor. Daly TJ; Matthews KS Biochemistry 25: 5479-84 (1986) The effects of cysteine modification and variations in pH on the equilibrium parameters for inducer and operator binding to the lactose repressor protein were examined. Operator binding affinity was m87049616 Characterization and modification of a monomeric mutant of the lactose repressor protein. Daly TJ; Matthews KS Biochemistry 25: 5474-8 (1986) A monomeric mutant lactose repressor protein (T-41), containing serine at position 282 in place of tyrosine [Schmitz, A., Schmeissner, U., Miller, J. H., & Lu, P. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 3359-3366]87049615 A 3' enhancer is required for temporal and tissue-specific transcriptional activation of the chicken adult beta-globin gene. Choi OR; Engel JD Nature 323: 731-4 (1986) The chicken adult beta-globin gene is one of the more intensively investigated developmentally regulated loci in higher eukaryotes. Detailed molecular analysis of the locus allows precise examination 87039350 Formation of mixed disulfide adducts at cysteine-281 of the lactose repressor protein affects operator and inducer binding parameters. Daly TJ; Olson JS; Matthews KS Biochemistry 25: 5468-74 (1986) The lactose repressor protein has been modified with three sulfhydryl-specific reagents which form mixed disulfide adducts. Methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS) and 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (87049614 Expression of c-myc oncogene in rat liver by a dietary manipulation. Horikawa S; Sakata K; Hatanaka M; Tsukada K Biochem Biophys Res Commun 140: 574-80 (1986) After rats deprived of protein for several days are fed a meal containing protein, hepatic DNA replication is induced. When nuclear DNA synthesis is stimulated in the normally quiescent rat liver by a87048808 Multiple functional domains of Tat, the trans-activator of HIV-1, defined by mutational analysis. Kuppuswamy M; Subramanian T; Srinivasan A; Chinnadurai G Nucleic Acids Res 17: 3551-61 (1989) The tat gene of HIV-1 is a potent trans-activator of gene expression from the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR). To define the functionally important regions of the product of the tat gene (Tat) of HIV-189263793 OxyR, a positive regulator of hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium, is homologous to a family of bacterial regulatory proteins. Christman MF; Storz G; Ames BN Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 3484-8 (1989) The oxyR gene is required for the induction of a regulon of hydrogen peroxide-inducible genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The E. coli oxyR gene has been cloned and sequenced, revea89264448 Trans-activation by thyroid hormone receptors: functional parallels with steroid hormone receptors. Thompson CC; Evans RM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 3494-8 (1989) The effects of thyroid hormones are mediated through nuclear receptor proteins that modulate the transcription of specific genes in target cells. We previously isolated cDNAs encoding two different ma89264450 Regulation of the iron uptake system in Vibrio anguillarum: evidence for a cooperative effect between two transcriptional activators. Salinas PC; Tolmasky ME; Crosa JH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 3529-33 (1989) We have identified a 110-kDa polypeptide that has a trans-acting regulatory activity on the expression of the pJM1 plasmid iron-uptake genes in Vibrio anguillarum. This protein is encoded by the angR 89264457 E1A-dependent trans-activation of the human MYC promoter is mediated by the E2F factor. Hiebert SW; Lipp M; Nevins JR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 3594-8 (1989) E2F is a cellular transcription factor that binds to two sites in the adenovirus E2 promoter. Previous experiments have implicated E2F in the E1A-dependent transactivation of the E2 gene since levels 89264470 Genetic selection for genes encoding sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Elledge SJ; Sugiono P; Guarente L; Davis RW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 3689-93 (1989) We describe a genetic selection method designed to facilitate the cloning of genes encoding sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. The strategy selects for clones expressing particular sequence-speci89264488 Saturation mutagenesis of the octopine synthase enhancer: correlation of mutant phenotypes with binding of a nuclear protein factor. Singh K; Tokuhisa JG; Dennis ES; Peacock WJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 3733-7 (1989) A 16-base-pair palindrome from the Agrobacterium tumefaciens octopine synthase gene functions as a constitutive enhancer in plant protoplasts. Degenerate oligonucleotide mutagenesis provided single ba89264497 Regulation of the penicillinase genes of Bacillus licheniformis: interaction of the pen repressor with its operators. Wittman V; Wong HC J Bacteriol 170: 3206-12 (1988) The synthesis of the inducible enzyme penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis is negatively controlled by a repressor (D.A. Dubnau and M.R. Pollock, J. Gen. Microbiol. 41:7-21, 1965; D. J. Sherratt an88257041 Activation of prophage P4 by the P2 Cox protein and the sites of action of the Cox protein on the two phage genomes. Saha S; Haggard-Ljungquist E; Nordstrom K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 3973-7 (1989) Phage P2 induces the unrelated prophage P4. In this paper we show that this is due to the activation of the P4 late promoter PII by the P2 Cox protein. This is in contrast to the effects of Cox on P2,89264545 In vivo aging of human fibroblasts does not alter nuclear plasticity in heterokaryons. Pavlath GK; Chiu CP; Blau HM Somat Cell Mol Genet 15: 191-202 (1989) In vivo aging of human fibroblasts altered proliferative properties but not the potential for novel gene expression in response to muscle trans-acting factors. Heterokaryons produced by fusing fibrobl89267209 Spatial and temporal regulation of a foreign gene by a prestalk-specific promoter in transformed Dictyostelium discoideum. Datta S; Gomer RH; Firtel RA Mol Cell Biol 6: 811-20 (1986) We analyzed a developmentally regulated prestalk-specific gene from Dictyostelium discoideum encoding a cathepsin-like protease. A hybrid gene was constructed by fusing 2.5 kilobases of 5' flanking se87039101 'Nuclear' oncogenes convert extracellular stimuli into changes in the genetic program. Herrlich P; Ponta H Trends Genet 5: 112-5 (1989) Recent discoveries have advanced our understanding of oncogene action: transcription factors are encoded by cellular (nuclear) oncogenes and the activity of transcription factors is modulated in respo89267908 Regulation of expression and activity of the yeast transcription factor ADR1. Blumberg H; Hartshorne TA; Young ET Mol Cell Biol 8: 1868-76 (1988) Disruption of ADR1, a positive regulatory gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, abolished derepression of ADH2 but did not affect glucose repression of ADH2 or cell viability. The ADR1 mRNA was 88261261 A syncytia assay for human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) envelope protein and its use in studying HIV-I mutations. Felser JM; Klimkait T; Silver J Virology 170: 566-70 (1989) We describe a syncytia assay that utilizes a noninfectious plasmid (pEVd1443) derived from human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I). This plasmid carries a large deletion of gag-pol sequences but e89268478 Production of functional S-II in Bombyx mori cells. Hirashima S; Horikoshi N; Sekimizu K; Natori S Biochem Biophys Res Commun 160: 1093-9 (1989) A cDNA for murine transcription factor S-II (Hirashima et al., J. Biol. Chem (1988) 263, 3858-3863) was inserted into a silkworm baculovirus vector and expressed in Bm-N cells, a cell line of Bombyx m89273563 The COUP transcription factor binds to an upstream promoter element of the rat insulin II gene. Hwung YP; Crowe DT; Wang LH; Tsai SY; Tsai MJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 2070-7 (1988) Band-shifting and DNase I-footprinting assays have been used to study the trans-acting factor(s) binding to an important promoter element (-53 to -46 relative to the transcription start) of the rat in88261283 Human cell lines stably expressing HIV env and tat gene products. Sosa MA; DeGasperi R; Fazely F; Ruprecht RM Biochem Biophys Res Commun 161: 305-11 (1989) A DNA fragment containing the tat, rev and env genes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was inserted into the retroviral vector pZIPneoAU3. The resulting plasmid penvAU3 was transfected into H89273653 Intracellular receptor binding and nuclear transport of nerve growth factor in intact cells and a cell-free system. Rakowicz-Szulczynska EM; Linnenbach AJ; Koprowski H Mol Carcinog 2: 47-58 (1989) Nuclear uptake of 125I-labeled nerve growth factor (NGF) by cells that either express or do not express the cell surface receptor was tested using intact cells and a cell-free system. Intracellular an89273904 Stable indicator cell lines exhibiting HIV-1 tat function. Bacheler LT; Strehl LL; Neubauer RH; Petteway SR Jr; Ferguson BQ AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 5: 275-8 (1989) Since HIV tat function is essential for the HIV infectious cycle, it represents an important possible target of therapeutic intervention for HIV infection. Stable human cell lines were derived that ex89274036 [Local homology of amino acid sequences of histones H3, H4 and the protein repressor lambda Cro. Possible conformation of homologous histone sites in DNP] Mil' EM; Biniukov VI Biokhimiia 53: 1980-6 (1988) A mathematical analysis of amino acid sequences was carried out with a view of detecting possible homology between histones H3 and H4 and repressor-activator proteins of prokaryotes according to the A89274334 Two distinct nuclear factors bind the conserved regulatory sequences of a rabbit major histocompatibility complex class II gene. Sittisombut N Mol Cell Biol 8: 2034-41 (1988) The constitutive coexpression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes in B lymphocytes requires positive, trans-acting transcriptional factors. The need for these trans-acting fac88261279 Evidence that the upstream stimulatory factor and the Sp1 transcription factor bind in vitro to the promoter of the human-growth-hormone gene. Lemaigre FP; Courtois SJ; Lafontaine DA; Rousseau GG Eur J Biochem 181: 555-61 (1989) Expression of the human-growth-hormone gene is restricted to pituitary somatotrophs. Two protein-DNA complexes that are specific to the pituitary, and two that are not, had been demonstrated in vitro 89276337 Analysis of the yeast SPT3 gene and identification of its product, a positive regulator of Ty transcription. Winston F; Minehart PL Nucleic Acids Res 14: 6885-900 (1986) Previous work has demonstrated that the yeast SPT3 gene is required for transcription from delta sequences, the long terminal repeats that flank yeast Ty elements. In spt3 null mutants, transcription 87016332 The influence of tryptophan on mobility of residues in the trp repressor of Escherichia coli. Lane AN Eur J Biochem 182: 95-104 (1989) The relative mobility of residues in the trp repressor of Escherichia coli has been examined in the absence and presence of the corepressor L-tryptophan by one- and two-dimensional 1H NMR. A compariso89276394 Antibodies to HLA class I promoter-binding proteins in sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Le Bouteiller P; Auphan N; Weill B; Lemonnier FA Eur J Immunol 19: 735-9 (1989) Antibodies directed against human cell nuclear factors (HLA-F1 and HLA-F2) that bind to the interferon consensus sequence (ICS) in the promoter region of the HLA-A2 class I gene can be detected in the89276490 Differential transport requirements of HLA and H-2 class I glycoproteins. Alexander J; Payne JA; Murray R; Frelinger JA; Cresswell P Immunogenetics 29: 380-8 (1989) Transport of human and mouse major histocompatibility complex class I glycoproteins has been examined in a transport deficient B-lymphoblastoid cell line X T-lymphoblastoid cell line (B-LCL X T-LCL) h89277426 Regulation of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor gene expression in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. Induction by transforming growth factor-beta, lipopolysaccharide, and tumor necrosis fSawdey M; Podor TJ; Loskutoff DJ J Biol Chem 264: 10396-401 (1989) Cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEs) synthesize and secrete type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), an Mr 50,000 glycoprotein which inhibits both urokinase and tissue-type plasminog89278096 Monokine-induced neutrophil chemotactic factor gene expression in human fibroblasts. Strieter RM; Phan SH; Showell HJ; Remick DG; Lynch JP; Genord M; Raiford C; Eskandari M; Marks RM; Kunkel SL J Biol Chem 264: 10621-6 (1989) Although fibroblasts are important in providing a structural framework for most tissues, they also appear to be active participants in the inflammatory process via the production of specific mediators89278129 Purification and characterization of transcription factor IIIC2. Yoshinaga SK; L'Etoile ND; Berk AJ J Biol Chem 264: 10726-31 (1989) Transcription factor IIIC2 (TFIIIC2), together with other transcription factors (TFIIIB and TFIIIC1), is required for the in vitro transcription of tRNA and adenovirus VA genes by RNA polymerase III. 89278145 The structure of trp pseudorepressor at 1.65A shows why indole propionate acts as a trp 'inducer'. Lawson CL; Sigler PB Nature 333: 869-71 (1988) The trp repressor is a small dimeric regulatory protein which controls the expression of three operons in Escherichia coli. The inactive aporepressor protein must bind two molecules of L-tryptophan to88261531 Intracellular distribution of the La antigen in CV-1 cells after herpes simplex virus type 1 infection compared with the localization of U small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. Bachmann M; Falke D; Schroder HC; Muller WE J Gen Virol 70 ( Pt 4): 881-91 (1989) The La antigen is known to associate, at least transiently, with a series of small nuclear and cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs and scRNPs), e.g. U1 and U6 snRNPs. In CV-1 cells a monoc89279271 Properties of the herpes simplex virus type 2 trans-inducing factor Vmw65 in wild-type and mutant viruses. Moss H J Gen Virol 70 ( Pt 6): 1579-85 (1989) A temperature-sensitive mutant (ts13) of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) has a mutation which causes in vitro thermolability of the virion. This mutation lies within the gene encoding a virion str89279336 HIV-1 tat trans-activation requires the loop sequence within tar. Feng S; Holland EC Nature 334: 165-7 (1988) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) is the primary retroviral agent responsible for AIDS and related disorders worldwide. One of its identified gene products, tat protein, stimulates in trans the exp88261572 Molecular analysis and nucleotide sequence of finQ, a transcriptional inhibitor of the F plasmid transfer genes. Ham LM; Skurray R Mol Gen Genet 216: 99-105 (1989) We report the cloning of finQ, a gene coding for fertility inhibition of the F plasmid, from the IncI R factor R820a. The finQ gene was mapped precisely within a 1.24 kb region by ptac-transposase + m89281496 Activation of the GM-CSF promoter by HTLV-I and -II tax proteins. Nimer SD; Gasson JC; Hu K; Smalberg I; Williams JL; Chen IS; Rosenblatt JD Oncogene 4: 671-6 (1989) Production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by normal T lymphocytes requires activation by antigen, mitogen or lectin, whereas T-cell lines transformed by human T-cell leuk89282198 2-Aminopurine abolishes epidermal growth factor-stimulated phosphorylation of complexed and chromatin-associated forms of a 33 kDa phosphoprotein. Mahadevan LC; Targett K; Heath JK Oncogene 4: 699-706 (1989) We have recently reported that several purified polypeptide mitogens such as epidermal growth factor, embryonal carcinoma-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and Bombesin induce the 89282202 Whole genome PCR: application to the identification of sequences bound by gene regulatory proteins. Kinzler KW; Vogelstein B Nucleic Acids Res 17: 3645-53 (1989) A strategy is described that allows the isolation of DNA sequences that can bind to gene regulatory proteins. Total genomic DNA is first converted to a form that is suitable for amplification by the p89282372 Characterization of early DNA synthesis in Xenopus eggs after injection of circular plasmid DNA. Yasui W; Ryoji M Nucleic Acids Res 17: 3709-23 (1989) Circular plasmid DNA is known to replicate when injected into unfertilized eggs of Xenopus laevis. We characterized early DNA synthesis which precedes the replication. Incorporation of a radioactive p89282378 Flanking DNA-sequences contribute to the specific binding of cI-repressor and OR1. Brenowitz M; Senear DF; Ackers GK Nucleic Acids Res 17: 3747-55 (1989) The binding of cI-repressor to a series of mutant operators containing OR1 of the right operator of bacteriophage lambda was investigated. Sites OR2 and/or OR3 were inactivated by either point or dele89282381 Juxtaposition of domains homologous to protein kinases and histidyl-tRNA synthetases in GCN2 protein suggests a mechanism for coupling GCN4 expression to amino acid availability. Wek RC; Jackson BM; Hinnebusch AG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 4579-83 (1989) The GCN2 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae stimulates the expression of amino acid biosynthetic genes under conditions of amino acid starvation by derepressing GCN4, a transcriptional activator of t89282814 Estrogen differentially regulates neuropeptide gene expression in a sexually dimorphic olfactory pathway. Simerly RB; Young BJ; Capozza MA; Swanson LW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 4766-70 (1989) The posterodorsal part of the medial nucleus of the amygdala (MeAp) receives its major sensory input from the accessory olfactory bulb and projects massively to the medial preoptic nucleus and other s89282851 Expression of IL-6 in normal individuals and in patients with autoimmune disease. Tovey MG; Gresser I; Blanchard B; Guymarho J Ann N Y Acad Sci 557: 363-71; discussion 371-3 (1989) Interaction of cell-type-specific nuclear proteins with immunoglobulin VH promoter region sequences. Landolfi NF; Capra JD; Tucker PW Nature 323: 548-51 (1986) All human and murine immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (VH) genes contain the sequence ATGCAAAT approximately 70 nucleotides 5' from the site of transcription initiation. This octanucleotide,87014826 Insulin regulation of rat growth hormone gene transcription. Yamashita S; Melmed S J Clin Invest 78: 1008-14 (1986) We have previously shown that insulin suppresses growth hormone (GH) messenger (m) RNA levels in rat pituitary cells. To further delineate the molecular mechanism of insulin action, the effect of insu87009022 Gene activation and DNA binding by Drosophila Ubx and abd-A proteins. Samson ML; Jackson-Grusby L; Brent R Cell 57: 1045-52 (1989) The Ubx and abd-A gene products are required for proper development of thoracic and abdominal structures in Drosophila. We expressed LexA-Ubx and LexA-abdA fusion proteins in yeast. These proteins act89288291 Identification and partial purification of a protein binding to the human immunoglobulin kappa enhancer kappa E2 site. Gimble JM; Flanagan JR; Recker D; Max EE Nucleic Acids Res 16: 4967-88 (1988) We previously described a domain in the 5' half of the human immunoglobulin kappa enhancer which could bind nuclear proteins in vitro, as detected by a lambda exonuclease protection assay. A second mo88262490 DNA binding specificity of steroid receptors. Berg JM Cell 57: 1065-8 (1989) 89288306 Cell-type specific protein binding to the enhancer of simian virus 40 in nuclear extracts. Davidson I; Fromental C; Augereau P; Wildeman A; Zenke M; Chambon P Nature 323: 544-8 (1986) Enhancers are cis-acting activators of transcription from homologous or heterologous promoter elements of viral and cellular genes (see refs 1-6 for reviews). The activity of the simian virus 40 (SV4087014825 [Spatial structure of the cro-repressor in a solution. I. Identification of interaction in a hydrophobic cluster using the nuclear Overhauser effect] Kurochkin AV; Bushuev VN; Sepetov NF; Kirpichnikov MP Mol Biol (Mosk) 20: 974-84 (1986) The structure of a bacteriophage lambda cro repressor hydrophobic globule was studied by the technique of 1H NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz. The analysis of NOE difference spectra and building of the mol87014396 The overproduction and characterization of the bacteriophage Mu regulatory DNA-binding protein ner. Tolias PP; Dubow MS Virology 148: 298-311 (1986) The bacteriophage Mu ner gene has been cloned under the control of the lacUV5 promoter in the expression vector pOP95-15. The gene products of the recombinant plasmid, pUD88, visualized by in vitro co86098681 Bending of promoter DNA on binding of heat shock transcription factor. Shuey DJ; Parker CS Nature 323: 459-61 (1986) The Drosophila heat-shock transcription factor (HSTF) has been shown to bind to three domains of the heat shock protein 70 gene (hsp 70) control region. The most critical of these for transcriptional 87014808 [Spatial structure of cro-repressor in a solution. II. Effect of ionized groups] Kurochkin AV; Kirpichnikov MP Mol Biol (Mosk) 20: 985-93 (1986) The technique of 1H NMR spectroscopy and absorption UV spectroscopy were used to study the ionization of the tyrosine phenol cycles and the effect of ionizable groups on the chemical shifts of signals87014397 Selection of DNA binding sites by regulatory proteins: the LexA protein and the arginine repressor use different strategies for functional specificity. Berg OG Nucleic Acids Res 16: 5089-105 (1988) The DNA sequences in the operator sites of the arginine regulon and of the SOS regulon have been subject to a statistical analysis. A quantitative correlation is found between the statistics of sequen88262499 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits transcription of type I collagen genes in the rat osteosarcoma cell line ROS 17/2.8. Harrison JR; Petersen DN; Lichtler AC; Mador AT; Rowe DW; Kream BE Endocrinology 125: 327-33 (1989) Our previous studies have demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3)] reduces type I collagen synthesis and steady state levels of procollagen mRNA in cultured fetal rat calvaria and ra89289581 Characterization of two mutant metJ proteins with reduced, temperature-dependent capacity to regulate Escherichia coli K-12 met regulon elements. Bala GA; Collier CD; Emmett MR; Johnson JR J Bacteriol 171: 4095-9 (1989) At 28 degrees C, but not at 34 or 42 degrees C, strains with the metJ193 allele repressed chromosomal met genes but not a plasmid-borne met promoter. Increasing the metJ193 gene dosage to two copies r89291771 DNA twisting and the affinity of bacteriophage 434 operator for bacteriophage 434 repressor. Koudelka GB; Harbury P; Harrison SC; Ptashne M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 4633-7 (1988) The affinity of the Escherichia coli phage 434 operator for phage 434 repressor is affected by changes in the sequence of the noncontacted base pairs near the operator's center. The results presented 88263002 Multiple inducers of the Drosophila heat shock locus 93D (hsr omega): inducer-specific patterns of the three transcripts. Bendena WG; Garbe JC; Traverse KL; Lakhotia SC; Pardue ML J Cell Biol 108: 2017-28 (1989) The Drosophila hsr omega locus produces one of the largest and most active heat shock puffs, yet it does not encode a heat shock protein. Instead, this locus produces a distinctive set of three transc89291942 In vitro and in vivo association of transforming growth factor-beta 1 with hepatic fibrosis. Czaja MJ; Weiner FR; Flanders KC; Giambrone MA; Wind R; Biempica L; Zern MA J Cell Biol 108: 2477-82 (1989) Despite extensive efforts, little progress has been made in identifying the factors that induce hepatic fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been shown to enhance collagen producti89291984 A mutant Escherichia coli sigma 70 subunit of RNA polymerase with altered promoter specificity. Gardella T; Moyle H; Susskind MM J Mol Biol 206: 579-90 (1989) A mutation is described that alters the promoter specificity of sigma 70, the primary sigma factor of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. In strains carrying both the mutant and wild-type sigma gene (rpo89293824 Growth hormone-induced regulation of rRNA gene activity in human cultured cells. de Capoa A; Marlekaj P; Baldini A; Felli MP; Rocchi M; Archidiacono N; Cianfarani S; Spadoni GL; Boscherini B Horm Metab Res 18: 574-5 (1986) 87006408 Identification of a putative regulator of early T cell activation genes. Shaw JP; Utz PJ; Durand DB; Toole JJ; Emmel EA; Crabtree GR Science 241: 202-5 (1988) Molecules involved in the antigen receptor-dependent regulation of early T cell activation genes were investigated with the use of functional sequences of the T cell activation-specific enhancer of in88264423 SPXX, a frequent sequence motif in gene regulatory proteins. Suzuki M J Mol Biol 207: 61-84 (1989) A new DNA-binding unit, composed of four amino acid residues and common in gene regulatory proteins, is proposed. The occurrences of the sequences Ser-Pro-X-X (SPXX) and Thr-Pro-X-X (TPXX) in gene reg89293862 Structure and expression of the chicken beta nerve growth factor gene. Ebendal T; Larhammar D; Persson H EMBO J 5: 1483-7 (1986) The 3' exon of the chicken beta nerve growth factor (NGF) gene was isolated by the use of a murine cDNA probe. DNA sequence analysis of the clone suggests a mature chicken NGF protein of 118 amino aci86300646 Expression of a large family of POU-domain regulatory genes in mammalian brain development. He X; Treacy MN; Simmons DM; Ingraham HA; Swanson LW; Rosenfeld MG Nature 340: 35-41 (1989) A novel region referred to as the POU-domain is present in two tissue-specific transcription factors, Pit-1 and Oct-2, that activate expression of genes specifying pituitary and lymphocyte phenotypes.89295573 COUP transcription factor is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Wang LH; Tsai SY; Cook RG; Beattie WG; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Nature 340: 163-6 (1989) The COUP (chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter) transcription factor (COUP-TF) exists in a number of different tissues and is essential for expression of the chicken ovalbumin gene. It binds to the ova89295600 Changes in the template activity of chromatin isolated from sarcoma-180 ascites cells treated with mitomycin C and gamma irradiation in vivo. Karuri A; Mukherji S Neoplasma 36: 321-6 (1989) The murine ascites sarcoma 180 cells were used to test the in vivo effectiveness of mitomycin C (MMC) and gamma-radiation applied in combination. The action of intraperitoneal administration of MMC an89295714 A CCAAT box confers cell-type-specific regulation on the Xenopus hsp70 gene in oocytes. Bienz M Cell 46: 1037-42 (1986) The Xenopus hsp70 gene is transiently heat-inducible in somatic cells; in injected oocytes, it is efficiently expressed without heat shock. I show here that this cell-type-specific and gene-specific a87002468 Regulation of expression of the c-sis proto-oncogene. Ratner L Nucleic Acids Res 17: 4101-15 (1989) Regulation of expression of platelet derived growth factor polypeptide B encoded by the c-sis proto-oncogene is important in a number of physiological and pathological conditions. Sequences in the 10289296460 Structure of simian immunodeficiency virus regulatory genes. Colombini S; Arya SK; Reitz MS; Jagodzinski L; Beaver B; Wong-Staal F Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 4813-7 (1989) Three full-length cDNA clones were obtained from cells infected with the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolated from captive macaques (SIVMAC). Nucleotide sequence analyses suggested that these 89296894 Alternative 5' exons and tissue-specific expression of the Drosophila EGF receptor homolog transcripts. Schejter ED; Segal D; Glazer L; Shilo BZ Cell 46: 1091-101 (1986) cDNA clones of the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor homolog (DER) gene were isolated and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence shows a similar degree of homology to the human epidermal87002474 The developmental expression of the gene for TFIIIA in Xenopus laevis. Taylor W; Jackson IJ; Siegel N; Kumar A; Brown DD Nucleic Acids Res 14: 6185-95 (1986) The sequence of the trans-acting positive transcription factor TFIIIA has been deduced by sequencing cDNA and genomic DNA clones. Using DNA from a homozygous diploid animal we show that there is one g86312888 Regulation of class II major histocompatibility complex genes: relation to multiple sclerosis. Ransohoff RM Res Immunol 140: 202-7; discussion 245-8 (1989) 89297753 Mitomycin C-induced bidirectional transcription from the colicin E1 promoter region in plasmid ColE1. Parker RC Biochim Biophys Acta 868: 39-44 (1986) Treatment of a colicinogenic culture with mitomycin C induces convergent transcription from two adjacent promoters at the beginning of the colicin E1 gene. S1-mapping and primer extension assays indic87000618 Combinatorial cassette mutagenesis as a probe of the informational content of protein sequences. Reidhaar-Olson JF; Sauer RT Science 241: 53-7 (1988) A method of combinatorial cassette mutagenesis was designed to readily determine the informational content of individual residues in protein sequences. The technique consists of simultaneously randomi88264400 The response time of transcription and translation of the leu-2 gene of Neurospora to its inducer, alpha-isopropylmalate, approaches the permissible minimum. Mary A; Kidd GL; Gross SR Biochem Biophys Res Commun 161: 1286-90 (1989) The rate of transcription and translation of the leu-2 gene of Neurospora crassa was measured after induction by alpha-isopropylmalate. Little message of enzyme was found before inducer addition but t89302110 Negative regulation by glucocorticoids through interference with a cAMP responsive enhancer. Akerblom IE; Slater EP; Beato M; Baxter JD; Mellon PL Science 241: 350-3 (1988) Although steroid hormone receptors are known to activate gene expression by binding to specific hormone-dependent enhancers, the mechanisms by which steroids inhibit the transcription of specific gene88264449 H NMR study of a complex between the lac repressor headpiece and a 22 base pair symmetric lac operator. Lamerichs RM; Boelens R; van der Marel GA; van Boom JH; Kaptein R; Buck F; Fera B; Ruterjans H Biochemistry 28: 2985-91 (1989) A complex between the lac repressor headpiece and a fully symmetric tight-binding 22 bp lac operator was studied by 2D NMR. Several 2D NOE spectra were recorded for the complex in both H2O and 2H2O. M89302886 Expression of type IV collagenase and procollagen genes and its correlation with the tumorigenic, invasive, and metastatic abilities of oncogene-transformed human bronchial epithelial cells. Ura H; Bonfil RD; Reich R; Reddel R; Pfeifer A; Harris CC; Klein-Szanto AJ Cancer Res 49: 4615-21 (1989) In a series of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines continuing various oncogenes, the transcriptional levels of the type IV collagenase and the type IV procollagen genes were compared wi89303896 Multicopy plasmids containing the gene for the transcriptional activator LAC9 are not tolerated by K. lactis cells. Breunig KD Curr Genet 15: 143-8 (1989) The high copy number 2-microns DNA-like Kluyveromyces plasmid pKD1 was extremely unstable in Kluyveromyces lactis when carrying the gene for the regulatory protein LAC9, a transcriptional activator in89304135 Steroid-induced cell proliferation in vivo is associated with increased c-myc proto-oncogene transcript abundance. Rempel SA; Johnston RN Development 104: 87-95 (1988) Enhanced c-myc transcript abundance has been observed in a variety of human malignancies, in normal liver tissue induced to proliferate in vivo by partial hepatectomy and in cells in culture induced t89305265 Cell type specific trans-acting factors are involved in alternative splicing of human fibronectin pre-mRNA. Barone MV; Henchcliffe C; Baralle FE; Paolella G EMBO J 8: 1079-85 (1989) ED-A and ED-B are facultative type III homologies of fibronectin, encoded by alternatively spliced exons, described in man and in rat. A hybrid alpha-globin-fibronectin minigene containing the ED-B re89305507 Double-stranded RNA activates binding of NF-kappa B to an inducible element in the human beta-interferon promoter. Visvanathan KV; Goodbourn S EMBO J 8: 1129-38 (1989) The human beta-interferon promoter contains at least two positive acting domains (PRD I and PRD II). PRD I has been previously shown to stimulate basal transcription and to respond to induction by dou89305514 Selective stabilization by the bacteriophage 434 repressor of the plasmid expressing bovine growth hormone in Escherichia coli. Giladi H; Koby S; Oren R; Levanon A; Oppenheim AB Appl Environ Microbiol 54: 1297-9 (1988) The maintenance of a plasmid vector-host system that selects for bacteria carrying the plasmid without the need for antibiotics is described. In this system, the bacteriophage 434 repressor gene clone88268075 The quaternary structure of Tet repressors bound to the Tn10-encoded tet gene control region determined by neutron solution scattering. Lederer H; Tovar K; Baer G; May RP; Hillen W; Heumann H EMBO J 8: 1257-63 (1989) The spatial arrangement of Tet repressor dimer, both free and in complex with an 80 bp DNA fragment spanning the wild-type Tn10-encoded tet transcriptional control sequence containing a tandem repeat 89305529 lac repressor mutants with double or triple exchanges in the recognition helix bind specifically to lac operator variants with multiple exchanges. Sartorius J; Lehming N; Kisters B; von Wilcken-Bergmann B; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 8: 1265-70 (1989) Several lac repressor mutants have been isolated which repress beta-galactosidase synthesis in Escherichia coli up to 200-fold. They do so by binding specifically to particular symmetrical lac Oc oper89305530 Interaction of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli with a constitutive trp operator. Chandler LR; Lane AN Biochem J 250: 925-8 (1988) The interaction of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli with a 20 bp fragment of DNA (CGTACTGATT.AATCAGTACG) corresponding to a mutant trp operator was studied by c.d. in the presence and absence o88268774 Differential effects of transforming growth factor beta on human prostate cancer cells in vitro. Wilding G; Zugmeier G; Knabbe C; Flanders K; Gelmann E Mol Cell Endocrinol 62: 79-87 (1989) Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) exerts a wide spectrum of activity on many different cell types. Since TGF beta inhibits the growth of a variety of epithelial tumor cells in vitro, we exami89306145 Increased levels of myelin basic protein transcripts in virus-induced demyelination [published erratum appears in Nature 1986 Sep 4;323(6083):91] Kristensson K; Holmes KV; Duchala CS; Zeller NK; Lazzarini RA; Dubois-Dalcq M Nature 322: 544-7 (1986) In multiple sclerosis, a demyelinating disease of young adults, there is a paucity of myelin repair in the central nervous system (CNS) which is necessary for the restoration of fast saltatory conduct86285009 A comparative study of the regulation of cytochrome P-450 and glutathione transferase gene expression in rat liver. Francis VN; Dwarki VI; Padmanaban G Nucleic Acids Res 14: 2497-510 (1986) A cDNA clone for the Ya subunit of glutathione transferase from rat liver was constructed in E. coli. The clone hybridized to Ya and Yc subunit messenger RNAs. On the basis of experiments involving ce86176745 Positive and negative regulation of the gene for transcription factor IIIA in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Scotto KW; Kaulen H; Roeder RG Genes Dev 3: 651-62 (1989) Expression of the positively acting 5S gene-specific transcription factor, TFIIIA, is regulated during development, with highest levels of mRNA and protein occurring during oogenesis. By analysis of T89306603 Finger proteins and DNA-specific recognition: distinct patterns of conserved amino acids suggest different evolutionary modes. Payre F; Vincent A FEBS Lett 234: 245-50 (1988) Finger proteins, the first example of which was Xenopus TFIIIA, share Zn2+ finger-like folded domains capable of binding to nucleic acids. A large number of this type of protein have been characterise88271635 The Drosophila female-specific sex-determination gene, Sex-lethal, has stage-, tissue-, and sex-specific RNAs suggesting multiple modes of regulation. Salz HK; Maine EM; Keyes LN; Samuels ME; Cline TW; Schedl P Genes Dev 3: 708-19 (1989) For proper sexual development of females, the Sex-lethal (Sxl) gene must be activated early in development and remain on during the rest of the life cycle. Conversely, in males, Sxl must remain functi89306608 A trans-acting factor required for cAMP-induced gene expression in Dictyostelium is regulated developmentally and induced by cAMP. Hjorth AL; Khanna NC; Firtel RA Genes Dev 3: 747-59 (1989) We have identified a nuclear activity that binds specifically to a GT-rich sequence or G-box shown previously by use of deletion analysis to be required for cAMP and for developmentally induced expres89306612 Fos-Jun interaction: mutational analysis of the leucine zipper domain of both proteins. Ransone LJ; Visvader J; Sassone-Corsi P; Verma IM Genes Dev 3: 770-81 (1989) Jun and Fos oncoproteins form a complex that regulates transcription from promoters containing AP-1 binding sites. The 'leucine zipper' domain of both Fos and Jun is necessary for the formation of the89306614 Xenopus transcription factor IIIA binds to the flanking regions of the 5 S RNA gene intragenic control region in a unique and highly ordered state. Windsor WT; Lee TC; Daly TJ; Wu CW J Biol Chem 263: 10272-7 (1988) The interaction of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) with the intragenic control region (ICR) of the 5 S RNA gene was studied by footprinting techniques under conditions which elicited a uniq88273124 Topology of the transposon Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance protein within the inner membrane of Escherichia coli. Eckert B; Beck CF J Biol Chem 264: 11663-70 (1989) The transposon Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance protein TetA is an integral membrane protein responsible for the export of tetracycline from the cytoplasmic to the periplasmic side of the inner me89308557 Rapid rescue of cellular transcriptional activator elements by amplification of a single copy selection gene. Garbrecht S; Kruczek I J Biol Chem 264: 12278-83 (1989) Cellular transcriptional activator sequences from a Syrian hamster cell line (baby hamster kidney (BHK] were rescued by a double selection procedure. An enhancer-deficient SV40 promoter was linked to 89308650 Transcriptional activation of the c-myc proto-oncogene in murine keratinocytes enhances the response to epidermal growth factor. Reiss M; Dibble CL; Narayanan R J Invest Dermatol 93: 136-41 (1989) To investigate the relationship between activation of the c-myc proto-oncogene and the controls of cellular growth and differentiation of epidermal cells, a transcriptionally activated c-myc gene (DM-89309866 K-252a inhibits the increase in c-fos transcription and the increase in intracellular calcium produced by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells. Lazarovici P; Levi BZ; Lelkes PI; Koizumi S; Fujita K; Matsuda Y; Ozato K; Guroff G J Neurosci Res 23: 1-8 (1989) K-252a, a kinase inhibitor isolated from the culture broth of Nocardiopsis sp., selectively inhibits, in a dose- and time-dependent fashion, the increased transcription of the protooncogene c-fos indu89311537 Inhibin A-subunit gene expression in the ovaries of immature female rats is stimulated by pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin. Davis SR; Dench F; Nikolaidis I; Clements JA; Forage RG; Krozowski Z; Burger HG Biochem Biophys Res Commun 138: 1191-5 (1986) We have used a bovine cDNA probe for the A-subunit of inhibin to demonstrate the presence of inhibin in the ovaries of immature female rats: the levels of mRNA were increased following treatment of th86323173 Activation of endogenous c-fos proto-oncogene expression by human T-cell leukemia virus type I-encoded p40tax protein in the human T-cell line, Jurkat. Nagata K; Ohtani K; Nakamura M; Sugamura K J Virol 63: 3220-6 (1989) We examined the ability of the trans-acting factor p40tax of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), which is thought to be a crucial molecule in T-cell transformation by HTLV-I, to activate expr89311607 A unique enhancer element for the trans activator (p40tax) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I that is distinct from cyclic AMP- and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive elements. Fujisawa J; Toita M; Yoshida M J Virol 63: 3234-9 (1989) The trans activator (p40tax) of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is a transcriptional factor that activates the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HTLV-I and interleukin-2 receptor alpha. We exa89311609 Proline transport and osmotic stress response in Escherichia coli K-12 [published erratum appears in J Bacteriol 1986 Sep;167(3):1098] Grothe S; Krogsrud RL; McClellan DJ; Milner JL; Wood JM J Bacteriol 166: 253-9 (1986) Proline is accumulated in Escherichia coli via two active transport systems, proline porter I (PPI) and PPII. In our experiments, PPI was insensitive to catabolite repression and was reduced in activi86168023 Inhibitory effect of the acute inflammatory reaction on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in the rat. Bernuau D; Rogier E; Moreau A; Bernuau J; Feldmann G Gastroenterology 90: 268-73 (1986) We evaluated the influence of an acute inflammatory reaction that triggers the synthesis of exportable proteins by hepatocytes on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, which induces the synthe86083008 Mutational analysis of autonomously functioning trans-activating peptides encoded by adenovirus E1A: evidence for two subdomains. Pusztai R; Loewenstein PM; Green M J Virol 63: 3516-8 (1989) We have shown previously that a chemically synthesized adenovirus E1A region 3 peptide of 49 amino acids, protein domain 3 (PD3; residues 140 to 188 of the 289-amino-acid protein), trans activates vir89311646 Stimulation of neuronal acetylcholine receptors induces rapid gene transcription. Greenberg ME; Ziff EB; Greene LA Science 234: 80-3 (1986) Cholinergic agonists rapidly and transiently induced transcription of the c-fos protooncogene and one or more actin genes in neuronally differentiated PC12 cells. Transcription was activated within mi86315861 Induction and tissue-specific expression of rabbit cytochrome P450IIE1 and IIE2 genes. Porter TD; Khani SC; Coon MJ Mol Pharmacol 36: 61-5 (1989) Treatment of rabbits with a variety of dissimilar chemicals, including ethanol, acetone, and imidazole, results in elevated levels of hepatic and renal cytochrome P-450 form 3a, also designated P-450A89313716 Sigma factors from E. coli, B. subtilis, phage SP01, and phage T4 are homologous proteins. Gribskov M; Burgess RR Nucleic Acids Res 14: 6745-63 (1986) We show, using dot matrix comparisons and statistical analysis of sequence alignments, that seven sequenced sigma factors, E. coli sigma-70 and sigma-32, B. subtilis sigma-43 and sigma-29, phage SP01 86312931 Identification of cis-acting sequences responsible for phorbol ester induction of human serum amyloid A gene expression via a nuclear factor kappaB-like transcription factor. Edbrooke MR; Burt DW; Cheshire JK; Woo P Mol Cell Biol 9: 1908-16 (1989) We have analyzed the 5'-flanking region of one of the genes coding for the human acute-phase protein, serum amyloid A (SAA). We found that SAA mRNA could be increased fivefold in transfected cells by 89313734 Replication and its regulation of ColE2 and ColE3. Itoh T Adv Biophys 21: 105-14 (1986) 86319521 Regulation of the mRNA for monocyte-derived neutrophil-activating peptide in differentiating HL60 promyelocytes. Kowalski J; Denhardt DT Mol Cell Biol 9: 1946-57 (1989) A cDNA library was constructed from HL60 human promyelocyte poly(A)+ RNA harvested 3 h after induction of macrophage differentiation with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate in the presence of cyclo89313739 Localization of transcriptional regulatory elements and nuclear factor binding sites in mouse ribosomal protein gene rpL32. Atchison ML; Meyuhas O; Perry RP Mol Cell Biol 9: 2067-74 (1989) The DNA sequences required for expression of the ribosomal protein gene rpL32 were identified by transient-expression assays of chimeric rpL32-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase genes. These studies sh89313753 Glucose-regulated protein (GRP94 and GRP78) genes share common regulatory domains and are coordinately regulated by common trans-acting factors. Chang SC; Erwin AE; Lee AS Mol Cell Biol 9: 2153-62 (1989) We isolated the promoter of the human gene encoding the 94,000-dalton glucose-regulated protein (GRP94). The 5'-flanking region important for its expression was identified by deletion analysis. Compar89313762 Analysis of the RNA structural elements involved in the binding of the transcription factor III A from Xenopus laevis. Pieler T; Guddat U; Oei SL; Erdmann VA Nucleic Acids Res 14: 6313-26 (1986) Xenopus laevis 5S rRNA isolated from 7S particles or transcribed in vitro is found to adopt two alternative conformations. These two conformers contain different structural elements within the major T86312896 Physical mapping of temporally regulated, overlapping transcripts in the region of the 10K protein gene in Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Rankin C; Ladin BF; Weaver RF J Virol 57: 18-27 (1986) We investigated transcriptional activity in the region of a gene for a major late protein (10 kilodaltons) of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus. This 10K protein gene spans an HindIII 86089290 In vivo photocrosslinking reveals that transcription factor binding to the mammalian ATF recognition sequence is required for E1A-induced transactivation in injected Xenopus laevis oocytes. Richter JD Nucleic Acids Res 17: 4503-16 (1989) The adenovirus E1A 13S mRNA product transactivates genes injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes that are normally E1A-inducible in mammalian cells. However, E1A-stimulated transcription, but not basal (89315196 Cooperative activation of a eukaryotic transcription factor: interaction between Cu(I) and yeast ACE1 protein. Furst P; Hamer D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 5267-71 (1989) Cu ions activate yeast metallothionein gene transcription by altering the conformation and DNA-binding activity of the ACE1 transcription factor. We show that this conformational switch occurs in an a89315778 Unique requirement for the PyF441 mutation for polyomavirus infection of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Tseng RW; Williams T; Fujimura FK J Virol 62: 2896-902 (1988) A point mutation at nucleotide 5258 in the enhancer of the polyomavirus host range mutant F441 permits productive infection of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells, which, when undifferentiated, are refractor88275061 Interaction of the tight-binding I12-X86 lac repressor with non operator DNA: salt dependence of complex formation. Grebert P; Maurizot JC Nucleic Acids Res 14: 6613-20 (1986) The interaction of the wild-type lac repressor and its tight binding double mutant I12-X86 with a non operator-210 base pair-DNA fragment has been investigated using the nitrocellulose filter binding 86312921 Gene regulation. Fingers and DNA half-turns [news] Harrison SC Nature 322: 597-8 (1986) 86311263 [New type of homeotic gene with POU domain] Ando H; Kagawa H Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 34: 332-3 (1989) 89316465 Human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat responds to transformation by the mutant T24 H-ras1 oncogene and it contains multiple AP-1 binding TPA-inducible consensus sequence elements. Spandidos DA; Yiagnisis M; Pintzas A Anticancer Res 9: 383-6 (1989) We have employed a short term transfection assay to examine the response of HIV-1 LTR to transformation by the human normal and mutant T24 H-ras1 genes. The plasmid pBC12HIVCAT which carries the HIV-189321396 NMR assignments for the amino-terminal residues of trp repressor and their role in DNA binding. Arrowsmith CH; Carey J; Treat-Clemons L; Jardetzky O Biochemistry 28: 3875-9 (1989) The trp repressor of Escherichia coli specifically binds to operator DNAs in three operons involved in tryptophan metabolism. The NMR spectra of repressor and a chymotryptic fragment lacking the six a89323094 Conformation states of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA. Hanas JS; Duke AL; Gaskins CJ Biochemistry 28: 4083-8 (1989) The conformation of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) free in solution, bound to 5S RNA in the 7S particle, depleted of zinc, or bound to plasmid DNA was analyzed by (1) trypsin digestion and89323125 Pressure-induced changes in the secondary structure of the Escherichia coli methionine repressor protein. Wong PT; Saint Girons I; Guillou Y; Cohen GN; Barzu O; Mantsch HH Biochim Biophys Acta 996: 260-2 (1989) The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the conformational properties of the E. coli methionine repressor protein in aqueous solution was investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Changes in hydrostatic pr89323205 Selective proteolysis defines two DNA binding domains in yeast transcription factor tau. Marzouki N; Camier S; Ruet A; Moenne A; Sentenac A Nature 323: 176-8 (1986) Transcription of eukaryotic transfer RNA genes involves, as a primary event, the stable binding of a protein factor to the intragenic promoter. The internal control region is composed of two non-conti86311366 DNA loops induced by cooperative binding of lambda repressor. Griffith J; Hochschild A; Ptashne M Nature 322: 750-2 (1986) It has been shown by Hochschild and Ptashne that lambda repressors bind cooperatively to operator sites separated by five or six turns of the helix. Cooperative binding is not observed if the sites ar86311294 The crystal structure of d(GGATGGGAG): an essential part of the binding site for transcription factor IIIA [published erratum appears in Nature 1986 Sep 11-17;323(6084):184] McCall M; Brown T; Hunter WN; Kennard O Nature 322: 661-4 (1986) Most genes in higher organisms are activated by the binding of proteins called transcription factors. One such protein, transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) from the frog, activates the gene for 5S RNA 86311277 Transcriptional induction by interferon. New protein(s) determine the extent and length of the induction. Larner AC; Chaudhuri A; Darnell JE Jr J Biol Chem 261: 453-9 (1986) Interferon (IFN) treatment of human fibroblasts induces the transcription of two genes, IFN-IND-1 and -2, to a maximal level between 30 min and 2 h. Continued exposure to IFN results in a "desensitiza86085853 Transmitter and receiver modules in bacterial signaling proteins. Kofoid EC; Parkinson JS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 4981-5 (1988) Prokaryotes are capable of sophisticated sensory behaviors. We have detected sequence motifs in bacterial signaling proteins that may act as transmitter or receiver modules in mediating protein-protei88276883 Termination of transcription in human mitochondria: identification and purification of a DNA binding protein factor that promotes termination. Kruse B; Narasimhan N; Attardi G Cell 58: 391-7 (1989) In a transcription system using a HeLa cell mitochondrial lysate programmed by mitochondrial DNA constructs containing the main heavy strand promoter and the transcription termination site at the 16S 89324085 Mutational analysis of the upstream activation site of yeast ribosomal protein genes. Nieuwint RT; Mager WH; Maurer KC; Planta RJ Curr Genet 15: 247-51 (1989) Most ribosomal protein (rp-)genes in yeast are preceded by conserved sequence motifs that act as upstream transcription-activating sites (RPG box). These sequence elements have previously been shown t89324141 Interaction of the Bacillus subtilis phage phi 105 repressor DNA: a genetic analysis. Van Kaer L; Gansemans Y; Van Montagu M; Dhaese P EMBO J 7: 859-66 (1988) The Bacillus subtilis phage phi 105 repressor specifically recognizes a 14-bp operator sequence which does not exhibit 2-fold rotational symmetry. To facilitate a genetic analysis of this sequence-dep88283656 Crystallin gene expression during rat lens development. Aarts HJ; Lubsen NH; Schoenmakers JG Eur J Biochem 183: 31-6 (1989) The analysis of the developmental pattern of the alpha A-, alpha B-, beta B1-, beta B2-, beta B3-, beta A3/A1-, and beta s-crystallin genes during fetal and postnatal development of the rat shows that89325343 Interferon-gamma activates multiple pathways to regulate the expression of the genes for major histocompatibility class II I-A beta, tumor necrosis factor and complement component C3 in mouse macrophaCelada A; Klemsz MJ; Maki RA Eur J Immunol 19: 1103-9 (1989) The purpose of this study was to obtain additional information on the mechanism by which interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is able to regulate gene expression in macrophages. The expression of the genes fo89325428 Expression of a murine homeobox gene precedes the induction of c-fos during mesodermal differentiation of P19 teratocarcinoma cells. Dony C; Gruss P Differentiation 37: 115-22 (1988) The controlled expression of regulatory genes is the basis of normal mouse embryo development. Recent studies in our laboratory have revealed temporally and spatially restricted expression of homeobox88284116 Regulation of gene expression by insulin in adipose cells: opposite effects on adipsin and glycerophosphate dehydrogenase genes. Dani C; Bertrand B; Bardon S; Doglio A; Amri E; Grimaldi P Mol Cell Endocrinol 63: 199-208 (1989) Insulin is known to play the role of a positive effector both in vitro on the adipose conversion process and in vivo on the fatty acid synthesis and esterification processes in adipose tissue. The eff89325833 Construction and properties of a new insertion vector, pJDC9, that is protected by transcriptional terminators and useful for cloning of DNA from Streptococcus pneumoniae. Chen JD; Morrison DA Gene 64: 155-64 (1988) A new Escherichia coli plasmid cloning vector, pJDC9, was constructed by replacing the TcR determinant of pMB9 with the erythromycin-resistance ermB determinant and the lacZ alpha gene of pUC19. Effic88284356 Identification of multiple repressor recognition sites in the hut system of Pseudomonas putida. Hu L; Allison SL; Phillips AT J Bacteriol 171: 4189-95 (1989) The hutC gene in Pseudomonas putida encodes a repressor protein that negatively regulates the expression of all hut genes. We have overexpressed this cloned hutC gene in Escherichia coli to identify P89327129 Mercury operon regulation by the merR gene of the organomercurial resistance system of plasmid pDU1358. Nucifora G; Chu L; Silver S; Misra TK J Bacteriol 171: 4241-7 (1989) The structural basis for induction of the mercury resistance operon with inorganic mercury and with the organomercurial compound phenylmercuric acetate was addressed by DNA sequencing analysis and by 89327136 Evidence for two discrete phases of IL-2 production in bovine lymphocytes. Weinberg AD; Magnuson NS; Reeves R; Wyatt CR; Magnuson JA J Immunol 141: 1174-9 (1988) Regulation of IL-2 production in Con A-stimulated bovine lymph node cells was studied by following the time course of IL-2 synthesis and secretion over a 24-h period. A biphasic time course curve of I88285725 Overproduction and identification of the ftsQ gene product, an essential cell division protein in Escherichia coli K-12. Storts DR; Aparicio OM; Schoemaker JM; Markovitz A J Bacteriol 171: 4290-7 (1989) ftsQ is an essential cell division gene in Escherichia coli. The ftsQ gene has been sequenced, and a presumptive open reading frame has been identified; however, no protein product has been observed (89327143 Involvement of Pseudomonas putida RpoN sigma factor in regulation of various metabolic functions. Kohler T; Harayama S; Ramos JL; Timmis KN J Bacteriol 171: 4326-33 (1989) The RpoN protein was originally identified in Escherichia coli as a sigma (sigma) factor essential for the expression of nitrogen regulons. In the present study we cloned the Pseudomonas putida rpoN g89327148 The positive transcription factor of the 5S RNA gene proteolyses during direct exchange between 5S DNA sites. Kmiec EB; Worcel A J Cell Biol 103: 673-81 (1986) We have examined the association, dissociation, and exchange of the 5S specific transcription factor (TFIIIA) with somatic- and oocyte-type 5S DNA. The factor associates faster with somatic than with 86304546 Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor. Breyer RM; Sauer RT J Biol Chem 264: 13348-54 (1989) Monoclonal antibodies reactive with distinct regions of the N-terminal domain of the lambda repressor protein have been isolated. By comparing the affinities of these antibodies for mutant repressors 89327312 Mutational analysis of the fine specificity of binding of monoclonal antibody 51F to lambda repressor. Breyer RM; Sauer RT J Biol Chem 264: 13355-60 (1989) Monoclonal antibody 51F recognizes determinants in the helix 4 region of the native form of the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor. A cassette mutagenesis method was used to introduce changes withi89327313 Potential memory and hysteretic effects in transcription. Job D; Soulie JM; Job C; Shire D J Theor Biol 134: 273-89 (1988) Kinetic results of RNA-chain elongation catalysed by wheat-germ RNA polymerase II are analysed according to the concept that DNA-dependent conformational transitions of the transcription complex inter89329747 Mechanisms of spontaneous mutagenesis: an analysis of the spectrum of spontaneous mutation in the Escherichia coli lacI gene. Schaaper RM; Danforth BN; Glickman BW J Mol Biol 189: 273-84 (1986) We have obtained via DNA sequence analysis a spectrum of 174 spontaneous mutations occurring in the lac I gene of Escherichia coli. The spectrum comprised base substitution, frameshift, deletion, dupl86308005 Aerobic expression of the nar operon of Escherichia coli in a fnr mutant. Bonnefoy V; Fons M; Ratouchniak J; Pascal MC; Chippaux M Mol Microbiol 2: 419-25 (1988) Mutations allowing aerobic expression of the anaerobically controlled nar operon have been located in the autoregulated fnr gene. Cloning and sequencing of the mutant fnrd20 allele, and fnr mRNA quant88288057 Transcription factor IIIA induced bending of the Xenopus somatic 5S gene promoter. Schroth GP; Cook GR; Bradbury EM; Gottesfeld JM Nature 340: 487-8 (1989) Transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA), the canonical zinc-finger protein, is a protein of relative molecular mass 39,000 (39K) that is required for transcription of 5S-ribosomal subunit genes in Xenopus.89330598 Modulation by estrogen and growth factors of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells. Salomon DS; Kidwell WR; Kim N; Ciardiello F; Bates SE; Valverius E; Lippman ME; Dickson RB; Stampfer M Recent Results Cancer Res 113: 57-69 (1989) 89332090 Repression of bovine papilloma virus replication is mediated by a virally encoded trans-acting factor. Berg L; Lusky M; Stenlund A; Botchan MR Cell 46: 753-62 (1986) Cells transformed with bovine papilloma virus type 1 mutants in the E6 or E6/7 genes are resistant to high-copy-number amplification of wild-type DNA after supertransfection. Transient and stable repl86298404 An update on the vertebrate homeobox. Dressler GR Trends Genet 5: 129-31 (1989) 89332816 Autoregulation--a common property of eukaryotic transcription factors? Serfling E Trends Genet 5: 131-3 (1989) 89332817 Monokines: stimulatory and inhibitory regulator molecules of myelopoiesis in vitro. Oster W; Lindemann A; Riedel D; Cicco NA; Mertelsmann R; Herrmann F J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2: 134-8 (1988) The conditions for monocytes to secrete molecules that are involved in myelopoiesis, i.e. Colony Stimulating Factors (CSFs), Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were inves89333375 DNA binding by the bacteriophage SPO1-encoded type II DNA-binding protein, transcription factor 1. Site-specific binding requires 5-hydroxymethyluracil-containing DNA. Greene JR; Morrissey LM; Geiduschek EP J Biol Chem 261: 12828-33 (1986) The bacteriophage SPO1-encoded Type II DNA-binding protein, transcription factor 1 (TF1), forms complexes with specific sites in SPO1 DNA. We have investigated the binding of TF1 to one of its preferr86304472 DNA binding by the bacteriophage SPO1-encoded type II DNA-binding protein, transcription factor 1. Formation of nested complexes at a selective binding site. Greene JR; Morrissey LM; Foster LM; Geiduschek EP J Biol Chem 261: 12820-7 (1986) The interactions of the phage SPO1-encoded Type II DNA-binding protein, transcription factor 1 (TF1), with one of its preferred binding sites in SPO1 DNA have been analyzed in detail. The results sugg86304471 DNA-activated ATPase activity associated with Xenopus transcription factor A. Hazuda DJ; Wu CW J Biol Chem 261: 12202-8 (1986) Highly purified preparations of Xenopus transcription factor A exhibit DNA-activated ATPase (ATP phosphorylase, EC 3.6.1.3) activity, which is inhibited by affinity-purified anti-factor A antibodies b86304374 Interactions between heterologous helix-loop-helix proteins generate complexes that bind specifically to a common DNA sequence. Murre C; McCaw PS; Vaessin H; Caudy M; Jan LY; Jan YN; Cabrera CV; Buskin JN; Hauschka SD; Lassar AB; et al Cell 58: 537-44 (1989) A DNA binding and dimerization motif, with apparent amphipathic helices (the HLH motif), has recently been identified in various proteins, including two that bind to immunoglobulin enhancers (E12 and 89336785 Single and double loop formation when deoR repressor binds to its natural operator sites. Amouyal M; Mortensen L; Buc H; Hammer K Cell 58: 545-51 (1989) Distal effects on the in vivo repression of the deo operon are thought to be mediated by the deoR repressor with DNA loop formation. Such loops are easily observed by electron microscopy when the olig89336786 Molecular analysis of the nerve growth factor receptor. Hempstead B; Patil N; Olson K; Chao M Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 1: 477-85 (1988) 89337498 Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in normal and neoplastic rat liver. Huber BE; Glowinski IB; Thorgeirsson SS J Biol Chem 261: 12400-7 (1986) We have previously shown that immunologically detectable cell surface asialoglycoprotein (ASGP) receptors are decreased or absent in proliferating in vivo hepatocytes, such as in developing, regenerat86304404 Transcriptional regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes during muscle development. Buonanno A; Merlie JP J Biol Chem 261: 11452-5 (1986) The quantities of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors measured by alpha-bungarotoxin binding on the surface of mouse skeletal muscle C2 cells increase by approximately 10- to 100-fold during their termi86304264 Thermodynamic analysis of the lactose repressor-operator DNA interaction [published erratum appears in Biochemistry 1987 Feb 10;26(3):974] Whitson PA; Olson JS; Matthews KS Biochemistry 25: 3852-8 (1986) Kinetic and equilibrium constants for lactose repressor-operator DNA interaction have been examined as a function of salt concentration, size and sequence context of the operator DNA, and temperature.86296615 Transcriptional activation by yeast GCN4, a functional homolog to the jun oncoprotein. Struhl K; Brandl CJ; Chen W; Harbury PA; Hope IA; Mahadevan S Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 701-9 (1988) 89337534 Developmental control of gene expression of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in neonatal rat liver. Nagao M; Nakamura T; Ichihara A Biochim Biophys Acta 867: 179-86 (1986) The developmental change in gene expression of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11) in rat liver was studied by dot-blot hybridization with cDNA of the enzyme as a probe. The mRNA of tryptophan 86296716 Gene regulation by growth factors. Metz R; Gorham J; Siegfried Z; Leonard D; Gizang-Ginsberg E; Thompson MA; Lawe D; Kouzarides T; Vosatka R; MacGregor D; et al Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 727-37 (1988) 89337537 The Drosophila engrailed protein is phosphorylated by a serine-specific protein kinase. Gay NJ; Poole SJ; Kornberg TB Nucleic Acids Res 16: 6637-47 (1988) The engrailed gene is required during embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster for normal segmental development and for differentiation of posterior compartments. The protein encoded by the engrailed 88289425 Beyond the second messenger: oncogenes and transcription factors. Curran T; Rauscher FJ 3d; Cohen DR; Franza BR Jr Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 769-77 (1988) 89337541 Nuclear oncoproteins determine the genetic program in response to external stimuli. Schonthal A; Gebel S; Stein B; Ponta H; Rahmsdorf HJ; Herrlich P Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 779-87 (1988) Phorbol-ester-induced activation of the NF-kappa B transcription factor involves dissociation of an apparently cytoplasmic NF-kappa B/inhibitor complex. Baeuerle PA; Lenardo M; Pierce JW; Baltimore D Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 789-98 (1988) 89337543 Cooperative action of the glucocorticoid receptor and transcription factors. Strahle U; Munsterberg A; Mestril R; Klock G; Ankenbauer W; Schmid W; Schutz G Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 835-41 (1988) 89337549 Dissociation of the lactose repressor-operator DNA complex: effects of size and sequence context of operator-containing DNA. Whitson PA; Matthews KS Biochemistry 25: 3845-52 (1986) The dissociation kinetics for repressor-32P-labeled operator DNA have been examined by adding unlabeled operator DNA to trap released repressor or by adding a small volume of concentrated salt solutio86296614 Antibody to sigma 32 cross-reacts with DnaK: association of DnaK protein with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Skelly S; Fu CF; Dalie B; Redfield B; Coleman T; Brot N; Weissbach H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5497-501 (1988) A polyclonal antibody to sigma 32, the heat shock sigma factor, has been used to show the presence of low levels of sigma 32 in Escherichia coli RNA polymerase preparations (E sigma 70), which explain88289748 Did eucaryotic steroid receptors evolve from intracrine gene regulators? [editorial] O'Malley BW Endocrinology 125: 1119-20 (1989) 89338212 Chemical induction of oncogene mutations and growth factor activity in mouse skin carcinogenesis. Bailleul B; Brown K; Ramsden M; Akhurst RJ; Fee F; Balmain A Environ Health Perspect 81: 23-7 (1989) The goal of understanding the molecular basis of human tumor development has been greatly facilitated by the use of animal model systems in which the etiology of tumor development can be carefully con89338345 Amino acid sequence similarity between GCN3 and GCD2, positive and negative translational regulators of GCN4: evidence for antagonism by competition. Paddon CJ; Hannig EM; Hinnebusch AG Genetics 122: 551-9 (1989) The GCD2 gene product is required in conditions of amino acid sufficiency to repress the synthesis of GCN4, a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. GC89339141 [Interaction of negative (CytT) and positive (cAMP-CRP) regulation in the promoter region of the uridine phosphorylase (udp) gene in Escherichia coli K-12] Mironov AS; Nechaeva GD; Sukhodolets VV Genetika 25: 438-47 (1989) Interaction of negative (CytR) and positive (cAMP-CRP) control in the promoter region of the uridine phosphorylase (udp) gene of Escherichia coli has been studied by using udp-lac operon fusions in wh89339181 Control of influenza virus gene expression: quantitative analysis of each viral RNA species in infected cells. Hatada E; Hasegawa M; Mukaigawa J; Shimizu K; Fukuda R J Biochem (Tokyo) 105: 537-46 (1989) We established a quantitative hybridization system by which three types of influenza virus RNAs (vRNA, mRNA, and cRNA) for the 8 genome segments were measured individually. As the hybridization probes89340379 Identification of functionally important residues in the DNA binding region of the mnt repressor. Knight KL; Sauer RT J Biol Chem 264: 13706-10 (1989) Single amino acid substitutions have been introduced throughout the N-terminal DNA binding region of the Mnt repressor, and the operator binding properties of the resulting mutant repressors have been89340455 fos-associated cellular p39 is related to nuclear transcription factor AP-1. Sassone-Corsi P; Lamph WW; Kamps M; Verma IM Cell 54: 553-60 (1988) Proto-oncogene fos encodes a nuclear protein that appears to be involved in the transcriptional regulation of some genes. fos protein (p55fos) is associated with other nuclear proteins in complexes th88295130 Molecular basis of the liver and lung disease associated with the alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency allele Mmalton. Curiel DT; Holmes MD; Okayama H; Brantly ML; Vogelmeier C; Travis WD; Stier LE; Perks WH; Crystal RG J Biol Chem 264: 13938-45 (1989) Alpha 1-Antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) deficiency is characterized by reduced serum levels of alpha 1AT and a risk for the development of emphysema and liver disease. However, whereas there is an increased r89340489 Chromosomal location and structure of the operon encoding peptide-chain-release factor 2 of Escherichia coli. Kawakami K; Jonsson YH; Bjork GR; Ikeda H; Nakamura Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5620-4 (1988) The prfB gene encodes peptide-chain-release factor 2 of Escherichia coli, which catalyzes translation termination at UGA and UAA codons. The gene, identified by sequencing, is located at the 62-min re88289768 Loss of responsiveness of an AP1-related factor, PEBP1, to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate after transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by the Ha-ras oncogene. Satake M; Ibaraki T; Yamaguchi Y; Ito Y J Virol 63: 3669-77 (1989) The function of the A element (nucleotides 5107 to 5130) of the polyomavirus enhancer is augumented in NIH 3T3 cells by a tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). One89342601 Cloning of a lymphoid-specific cDNA encoding a protein binding the regulatory octamer DNA motif. Staudt LM; Clerc RG; Singh H; LeBowitz JH; Sharp PA; Baltimore D Science 241: 577-80 (1988) An octamer DNA sequence plays a critical role in directing transcription of immunoglobulin genes in B lymphocytes. A new technique of direct binding of radioactive DNA was used to screen a complementa88290676 DNA binding and gene regulation by the herpes simplex virus type 1 protein ICP4 and involvement of the TATA element. DiDonato JA; Muller MT J Virol 63: 3737-47 (1989) We report the results of fine mapping the sequences responsible for negative regulation of immediate-early (IE) gene 3 by its own gene product, ICP4. Affinity-purified ICP4 binds the transcriptional s89342609 More fingers in hand [letter] Freedman LP; Yamamoto KR; Luisi BF; Sigler PB Cell 54: 444 (1988) 88295117 Modification of an adenovirus major late promoter-binding factor during poliovirus infection. Lazard D; Fernandez-Tomas C; Gariglio P; Weinmann R J Virol 63: 3858-64 (1989) To further characterize the mechanism involved in poliovirus-induced inhibition of HeLa cells mRNA synthesis, in vitro formation of DNA-protein complexes between nuclear upstream stimulatory transcrip89342624 The Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product, BMLF1, acts in trans by a posttranscriptional mechanism which is reporter gene dependent. Kenney S; Kamine J; Holley-Guthrie E; Mar EC; Lin JC; Markovitz D; Pagano J J Virol 63: 3870-7 (1989) In DNA cotransfection experiments, the Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early gene product, BMLF1, stimulated the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity of both latent and productive EBV promote89342626 The Epstein-Barr virus BMLF1 promoter contains an enhancer element that is responsive to the BZLF1 and BRLF1 transactivators. Kenney S; Holley-Guthrie E; Mar EC; Smith M J Virol 63: 3878-83 (1989) We have previously shown that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immediate-early gene product, BZLF1, can activate expression of the EBV BMLF1 immediate-early promoter in EBV-positive, but not EBV-negative,89342627 Expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene and its insulin regulation during differentiation of preadipose cell lines. Dani C; Doglio A; Grimaldi P; Ailhaud G Biochem Biophys Res Commun 138: 468-75 (1986) The adipose conversion of Ob1771 and 3T3-F442A preadipose cells is accompanied by the expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene. The PEPCK mRNA is absent from growing, undiffere86295710 Developmental regulation of hepatitis B surface antigen expression in two lines of hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. DeLoia JA; Burk RD; Gearhart JD J Virol 63: 4069-73 (1989) Two lines of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transgenic mice, designated G7 and G26, show preferential expression of the 2.1-kilobase hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) RNA transcript in liver and kidney tis89342653 Kinetics of the intracellular availability of heme after supplementing a heme-deficient yeast mutant with 5-aminolevulinate. Schmalix W; Oechsner U; Magdolen V; Bandlow W Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 367: 379-85 (1986) The 5-aminolevulinic acid synthetase-deficient yeast mutant ole3 (Bard, M., Woods, R.A. & Haslam, J.M. (1974) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 56, 324-330), pregrown in a 5-aminolevulinic acid containin86296173 Deletion and insertion mutations in the rpoH gene of Escherichia coli that produce functional sigma 32. Calendar R; Erickson JW; Halling C; Nolte A J Bacteriol 170: 3479-84 (1988) Escherichia coli K-12 strain 285c contains a short deletion mutation in rpoD, the gene encoding the sigma 70 subunit of RNA polymerase. The sigma 70 protein encoded by this allele (rpoD285) unstable, 88298653 Effects of long terminal repeat mutations on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication. Lu Y; Stenzel M; Sodroski JG; Haseltine WA J Virol 63: 4115-9 (1989) The effects of deletions within three functional regions of the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 upon the ability of the long terminal repeat to direct production of the chl89342663 Mutations that alter the helix-turn-helix region of the spollAC protein: a Bacillus subtilis sporulation-specific sigma factor. Yudkin MD; Millonig JH; Appleby L Mol Microbiol 3: 257-9 (1989) It has previously been shown that spollAC561, a mutation that diminishes the incidence of sporulation by more than six orders of magnitude, alters the residue at position 13 of the helix-turn-helix re89343630 Sense and antisense transcripts of traM, a conjugal transfer gene of the antibiotic resistance plasmid R100. Dempsey WB Mol Microbiol 3: 561-70 (1989) The region of the antibiotic resistance plasmid R100 that encodes the plasmid-specific transfer gene traM has two tandemly aligned promoters separated by 145 nucleotides. The principal transcripts are89343642 Role of cysteine residues and of metal ions in the regulatory functioning of FNR, the transcriptional regulator of anaerobic respiration in Escherichia coli. Trageser M; Unden G Mol Microbiol 3: 593-9 (1989) FNR, the transcriptional regulator of gene expression of anaerobic respiration in Escherichia coli, contains a cluster of cysteine residues at the amino terminus which resembles the metal-binding doma89343645 FNR-dependent repression of the ndh gene of Escherichia coli and metal ion requirement for FNR-regulated gene expression. Spiro S; Roberts RE; Guest JR Mol Microbiol 3: 601-8 (1989) The ndh gene of Escherichia coli which encodes an NADH dehydrogenase contains a putative FNR-binding site in its upstream non-coding region, and its expression has been investigated using an ndh-lacZ 89343646 Interactions of the Escherichia coli methionine repressor with the metF operator and with its corepressor, S-adenosylmethionine. Saint-Girons I; Belfaiza J; Guillou Y; Perrin D; Guiso N; Barzu O; Cohen GN J Biol Chem 261: 10936-40 (1986) The metJ gene encoding the methionine aporepressor was placed under the control of a strong and inducible promoter, ptac. Bacterial strains carrying the recombinant plasmid pIP35 overproduced the regu86278180 An embryonic enhancer determines the temporal activation of a sea urchin late H1 gene. Lai ZC; DeAngelo DJ; DiLiberto M; Childs G Mol Cell Biol 9: 2315-21 (1989) Normal development requires that individual genes be expressed in their correct temporal patterns, but the mechanisms regulating this process during early embryogenesis are poorly understood. We have 89343949 Localization of a minimal binding domain and activation regions in yeast regulatory protein ADR1. Thukral SK; Tavianini MA; Blumberg H; Young ET Mol Cell Biol 9: 2360-9 (1989) ADR1 is a transcription factor required for activation of the glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (ADH2) gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ADR1 has two zinc finger domains between amino acids 89343954 In vitro activation and nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B catalyzed by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C. Shirakawa F; Mizel SB Mol Cell Biol 9: 2424-30 (1989) We have examined whether a precursor form of NF-kappa B, a DNA-binding protein that plays a role in the transcriptional control of several genes, including kappa immunoglobulin light chain and interle89343960 Identification of a cell-specific DNA-binding activity that interacts with a transcriptional activator of genes expressed in the acinar pancreas. Cockell M; Stevenson BJ; Strubin M; Hagenbuchle O; Wellauer PK Mol Cell Biol 9: 2464-76 (1989) Footprint analysis of the 5'-flanking regions of the alpha-amylase 2, elastase 2, and trypsina genes, which are expressed in the acinar pancreas, showed multiple sites of protein-DNA interaction for e89343964 Promoter upstream elements of the chicken cardiac myosin light-chain 2-A gene interact with trans-acting regulatory factors for muscle-specific transcription. Braun T; Tannich E; Buschhausen-Denker G; Arnold HH Mol Cell Biol 9: 2513-25 (1989) A segment of the 5'-flanking region of the chicken cardiac myosin light-chain gene extending from nucleotide -64 to the RNA start site is sufficient to allow muscle-specific transcription. In this pap89343969 Free RNA-dependent ATPase activity of transcription termination factor Rho: a model of cyclic dissociation and reassembly of Rho protein. Wolska KI Acta Microbiol Pol 35: 29-41 (1986) RNA-dependent ATPase activity of Rho + and two mutant proteins Rho15 and Rho301 was studied. It was shown that monomeric Rho forms oligomers in the presence of ATP. This ATP-induced structural change 86292394 Multiple DNA-protein interactions governing high-precision DNA transactions. Echols H Science 233: 1050-6 (1986) The precise association of DNA-binding proteins with localized regions of DNA is crucial for regulated replication and expression of the genome. For certain DNA transactions, the requirement for preci86289449 Identification of a myocyte nuclear factor that binds to the muscle-specific enhancer of the mouse muscle creatine kinase gene. Buskin JN; Hauschka SD Mol Cell Biol 9: 2627-40 (1989) The muscle creatine kinase (MCK) gene is transcriptionally induced when skeletal muscle myoblasts differentiate into myocytes. The gene contains two muscle-specific enhancer elements, one located 1,1089343980 Structural differences between repressed and derepressed forms of p60c-src. MacAuley A; Cooper JA Mol Cell Biol 9: 2648-56 (1989) The kinase activity of p60c-src is derepressed by removal of phosphate from Tyr-527, mutation of this residue to Phe, or binding of a carboxy-terminal antibody. We have compared the structures of repr89343982 Structure and regulation of KGD1, the structural gene for yeast alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Repetto B; Tzagoloff A Mol Cell Biol 9: 2695-705 (1989) Nuclear respiratory-defective mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been screened for lesions in the mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex. Strains assigned to complementation gro89343987 Regulation of the visna virus long terminal repeat in macrophages involves cellular factors that bind sequences containing AP-1 sites. Gabuzda DH; Hess JL; Small JA; Clements JE Mol Cell Biol 9: 2728-33 (1989) Visna virus gene expression is highly restricted in monocytes but is induced by monocyte-macrophage differentiation in vivo. Deletion and linker-scanning mutants, gel shift assays, and DNase I footpri89343991 Effect of 5-azacytidine on gene expression in marrow stromal cells. Andrews DF 3d; Nemunaitis J; Tompkins C; Singer JW Mol Cell Biol 9: 2748-51 (1989) When exposed to 5-azacytidine, marrow stromal cells from active long-term marrow cultures and cell lines derived from simian virus 40-transformed stromal cells rapidly upregulated c-abl and interleuki89343995 Purification of human transcription factor IIIC and its binding to the gene for ribosomal 5S RNA. Schneider HR; Waldschmidt R; Jahn D; Seifart KH Nucleic Acids Res 17: 5003-16 (1989) Transcription factor hTFIIIC was purified from cytoplasmic extracts of HeLa cells using four different chromatographic steps. This procedure yields a protein fraction which actively supports transcrip89345066 Rapid reprogramming of globin gene expression in transient heterokaryons. Baron MH; Maniatis T Cell 46: 591-602 (1986) Interspecific heterokaryons were formed by fusing adult mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and human embryonic/fetal erythroid (K562) cells with each other, or with a variety of mouse and human noneryt86272108 Protein-induced unwinding of DNA: measurement by gel electrophoresis of complexes with DNA minicircles. Application to restriction endonuclease EcoRI, catabolite gene activator protein and lac repressDouc-Rasy S; Kolb A; Prunell A Nucleic Acids Res 17: 5173-89 (1989) An electrophoretic procedure for the measurement of the helix unwinding induced by a sequence-specific protein is described. The method, which was applied here to EcoR I, CAP and lac repressor, involv89345080 Differential activation of the 21-base-pair enhancer element of human T-cell leukemia virus type I by its own trans-activator and cyclic AMP. Nakamura M; Niki M; Ohtani K; Sugamura K Nucleic Acids Res 17: 5207-21 (1989) A transcriptional trans-acting factor p40tax of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) functions as an inducer for expression of HTLV-I provirus via activation of the enhancer in the long termina89345082 Transcription regulation in vitro by an E. coli promoter containing a DNA cruciform in the '-35' region. Horwitz MS Nucleic Acids Res 17: 5537-45 (1989) A promoter with the potential to adopt a 50 basepair (bp) cruciform spanning from -19 to -69 has been constructed in the plasmid pBR322 tetracycline resistance gene (tet) by forming an inverted repeat89345149 Studies of heterologous promoter trans-activation by the HTLV-II tax protein. Williams JL; Cann AJ; Leff T; Sassone-Corsi P; Chen IS Nucleic Acids Res 17: 5737-49 (1989) The tax protein of HTLV-II increases the level of steady-state mRNA produced from the HTLV-II long terminal repeat (LTR) and also activates heterologous promoters. We have previously shown that the ad89345165 Synthetic lac operator mediates repression through lac repressor when introduced upstream and downstream from lac promoter. Besse M; von Wilcken-Bergmann B; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 5: 1377-81 (1986) Plasmids were constructed which carry a synthetic lac operator at various distances from the lac promoter. They were tested in vivo for function in the presence and absence of lac repressor. We found 86274641 Yeast TATA-binding protein TFIID binds to TATA elements with both consensus and nonconsensus DNA sequences. Hahn S; Buratowski S; Sharp PA; Guarente L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 5718-22 (1989) The DNA binding properties of the yeast TATA element-binding protein TFIID were investigated. The affinity (apparent equilibrium dissociation constant) of TFIID for the adenovirus major late promoter 89345538 Cloning and characterization of several dominant-negative and tight-binding mutants of lac repressor. Betz JL Gene 42: 283-92 (1986) Using both general recombination and molecular cloning techniques, 13I-, I-d and Itb missense mutations in the lacI gene were transferred from F'lacIq episomes to ColE1 derivative plasmids. Two deleti86276003 Nuclear factors bind to regulatory regions of the mouse kappa immunoglobulin gene. Hromas R; Van Ness B Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4837-48 (1986) At least two regions of the mouse kappa immunoglobulin gene are necessary for appropriate transcription. One is located within the J-C intron; another is located 5' of the transcription start site in 86259062 Production of tumor necrosis factor and other cytokines by astrocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or a neurotropic virus. Lieberman AP; Pitha PM; Shin HS; Shin ML Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 6348-52 (1989) Rat astrocytes, immunologically competent glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS), released a variety of cytokines after activation. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated astrocytes produced tumor nec89345661 [Indices of RNA metabolism in the brain stem of rats under superlethal exposure to ionizing radiation] Ushenkova LN; Mazurik VK Radiobiologiia 29: 375-8 (1989) A study was made of the content of hnRNA, nuclear poly(A) RNA and biosynthesis of rlnRNA in truncus cerebri of rats divided into 3 groups by the forced swimming test 6-8 min and 60 min after a short-t89346010 Preferential heterodimer formation by isolated leucine zippers from fos and jun. O'Shea EK; Rutkowski R; Stafford WF 3d; Kim PS Science 245: 646-8 (1989) The products of the nuclear oncogenes fos and jun are known to form heterodimers that bind to DNA and modulate transcription. Both proteins contain a leucine zipper that is important for heterodimer f89346752 Localization and DNA sequence analysis of the C gene of bacteriophage Mu, the positive regulator of Mu late transcription. Margolin W; Howe MM Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4881-97 (1986) The C gene of bacteriophage Mu, required for transcription of the phage late genes, was localized by construction and analysis of a series of deleted derivatives of pKN50, a plasmid containing a 9.4 k86259065 Time-dependent biphasic response of aromatase to dexamethasone in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Fujimoto M; Berkovitz GD; Brown TR; Migeon CJ J Clin Endocrinol Metab 63: 468-74 (1986) Human genital skin fibroblasts grown in cell culture possess aromatase activity and, therefore, provide a model to investigate the molecular mechanisms that control aromatase in extraglandular tissues86251195 Regulated transcription of herpes simplex virus immediate-early genes in neuroblastoma cells. Kemp LM; Latchman DS Virology 171: 607-10 (1989) C1300 neuroblastoma cells are nonpermissive for infection with herpes simplex virus but can be rendered permissive by pretreatment with sodium butyrate. This increased permissivity which is specific f89348020 [Specificity of binding of regulatory proteins with DNA: possible explanation in terms of "point" interactions] Gul'tiaev AP; Zheltovskii NV Mol Biol (Mosk) 20: 827-37 (1986) On the basis of the previously obtained data on the specificity of the interactions between amino acids and nucleotide bases an attempt is undertaken to explain the origin of the specificity of bindin86257139 RNA polymerase II transcription complexes are destabilized by ATP or GTP. Kundzicz H; Davis EA; Ackerman S Biochem Biophys Res Commun 162: 1133-9 (1989) In vitro transcription by RNA polymerase II requires hydrolysis of the beta-gamma bond of ATP after the transcription complex forms, prior to RNA synthesis. It was observed that the presence of ATP du89350922 Functional similarity of HIV-I rev and HTLV-I rex proteins: identification of a new nucleolar-targeting signal in rev protein. Kubota S; Siomi H; Satoh T; Endo S; Maki M; Hatanaka M Biochem Biophys Res Commun 162: 963-70 (1989) We have tested the functional compatibility between rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-I) and rex protein of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). Each protein recogniz89350998 TF1, the bacteriophage SPO1-encoded type II DNA-binding protein, is essential for viral multiplication. Sayre MH; Geiduschek EP J Virol 62: 3455-62 (1988) The lytic Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SPO1 encodes an abundant, 99-amino-acid type II DNA-binding protein, transcription factor 1 (TF1). TF1 is special in this family of procaryotic chromatin-form88300901 Effects of polynucleotide inhibitors on transcriptional events of influenza virions. Jackson ML; Stebbing N; Weck PK Drug Des Deliv 1: 39-45 (1986) Polynucleotide inhibitors of the influenza virion transcriptase, which is activated in vitro by detergent, can be divided into two categories. Polyribonucleotides comprised of adenine and guanine base89351312 Interleukin-1 alpha gene intron containing variable repeat region coding for the SP1 transcription factor recognition sequence is polymorphic. Haugen A; Mann D; Murray C; Weston A; Willey JC Mol Carcinog 2: 68-71 (1989) Interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) is a cytokine produced by a number of cell types including macrophages, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, and mesangial cells. We were interested in identifying a DNA restri89351658 The human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat is preferentially expressed in Langerhans cells in transgenic mice. Leonard J; Khillan JS; Gendelman HE; Adachi A; Lorenzo S; Westphal H; Martin MA; Meltzer MS AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 5: 421-30 (1989) Four lines of transgenic mice containing the HIV LTR linked to the bacterial gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) were constructed. In each line, a characteristic tissue pattern of CA89352109 Determination of the secondary structure of the DNA binding protein Ner from phage Mu using 1H homonuclear and 15N-1H heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Gronenborn AM; Wingfield PT; Clore GM Biochemistry 28: 5081-9 (1989) The sequential resonance assignment of the 1H and 15N NMR spectra of the DNA binding protein Ner from phage Mu is presented. This is carried out by using a combination of 1H-1H and 1H-15N two-dimensio89352591 Embryonic inducers, growth factors, transcription factors and oncogenes. Knochel W; Tiedemann H Cell Differ Dev 26: 163-71 (1989) 89353728 Selective suppression of endogenous beta-globin gene expression by transferred beta-globin/TK chimeric gene in murine erythroleukemia cells. Takada S; Yamamoto T; Obinata M Cell Differ Dev 27: 9-18 (1989) To examine the effect of gene transfer on expression of the endogenous beta-globin gene in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells, a beta-globin/TK chimeric gene was introduced into MEL cells. In some of 89353740 Structurally similar but functionally distinct factors, IRF-1 and IRF-2, bind to the same regulatory elements of IFN and IFN-inducible genes. Harada H; Fujita T; Miyamoto M; Kimura Y; Maruyama M; Furia A; Miyata T; Taniguchi T Cell 58: 729-39 (1989) Viral infections commonly induce expression of type I interferon (IFN) genes. The induction is transient and involves transcriptional activation wherein a positive factor, IRF-1, binds to upstream reg89354547 Different interactions used by Cro repressor in specific and nonspecific DNA binding. Takeda Y; Kim JG; Caday CG; Steers E Jr; Ohlendorf DH; Anderson WF; Matthews BW J Biol Chem 261: 8608-16 (1986) The mode of interaction of Cro repressor with specific and nonspecific sites on DNA was explored by chemical modification and protection of lysine and tyrosine residues. Cro has 8 lysines. In the pres86250772 Negative trans-acting factors extinguish Ia expression in B cell-L 929 somatic cell hybrids. Stuart PM; Yarchover JL; Woodward JG Cell Immunol 122: 391-404 (1989) Numerous studies have implicated trans-acting factors in the regulation of MHC class II gene expression. Some of these factors have been shown to act by inducing the expression of class II genes while89354562 Replication from one of the three origins of the plasmid R6K requires coupled expression of two plasmid-encoded proteins. Mukhopadhyay P; Filutowicz M; Helinski DR J Biol Chem 261: 9534-9 (1986) The minimal beta-replicon of plasmid R6K contains an open reading frame for a 151-amino acid protein in addition to the seven 22-base pair direct nucleotide sequence repeats, the structural gene (pir)86250913 Transposable element-mediated enhancement of gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae involves sequence-specific binding of a trans-acting factor. Goel A; Pearlman RE Mol Cell Biol 8: 2572-80 (1988) In our studies on the regulation of adjacent-gene expression by Ty sequences, we demonstrated that a single-base-pair change (T-A----C-G) in the epsilon sequence of Ty917-derived elements is primarily88302168 Transient superinducibility of cytochrome P450c (CYP1A1) mRNA and transcription. Teifeld RM; Fagan JB; Pasco DS DNA 8: 329-38 (1989) Simultaneous treatment of the rat hepatocyte-derived cell line LCS7 with cycloheximide and polycyclic aromatic compounds increased CYP1A1 (cytochrome P450c) gene transcription rate four- to sixfold an89356262 Studies of DNA-protein interactions by gel electrophoresis. Ceglarek JA; Revzin A Electrophoresis 10: 360-5 (1989) The use of gel electrophoresis in studies of nucleic acid-protein (especially DNA-protein) interactions has yielded much qualitative and quantitative information about a variety of such systems. The r89356585 Measurement of protein-DNA interaction parameters by electrophoresis mobility shift assay. Fried MG Electrophoresis 10: 366-76 (1989) Native gel electrophoresis (mobility shift) assays may be used to obtain quantitative information about the site distribution, equilibria and kinetics of protein-DNA interactions. These applications d89356586 Characterization of junD: a new member of the jun proto-oncogene family. Hirai SI; Ryseck RP; Mechta F; Bravo R; Yaniv M EMBO J 8: 1433-9 (1989) In an extensive screen of a cDNA library prepared from serum-stimulated mouse NIH 3T3 cells, we identified three distinct jun-related clones. Two of them were carrying c-jun and junB sequences respect89356612 Cloning, mapping, and sequencing of plasmid R100 traM and finP genes. Fee BE; Dempsey WB J Bacteriol 167: 336-45 (1986) The fertility control gene finP, the transfer gene traM, and the transfer origin, oriT, of plasmid R100 were isolated on a single 1.2-kilobase EcoRV fragment and were then subcloned as HaeIII fragment86250614 Transcription factors AP-3 and AP-2 interact with the SV40 enhancer in a mutually exclusive manner. Mercurio F; Karin M EMBO J 8: 1455-60 (1989) The 'core' sequence is critical for efficient transcriptional activity of the SV40 enhancer. Moreover, the core was shown to be involved in a signal transduction pathway elicited by treatment of cells89356615 Transcriptional regulation of plasma protein synthesis during inflammation. Birch HE; Schreiber G J Biol Chem 261: 8077-80 (1986) The regulation of the synthesis of plasma proteins in rat liver during the acute phase response was studied by measuring gene transcription activities in a cell-free nuclear transcription system. The 86250690 Photoregulation of plant gene expression. Ellis RJ Biosci Rep 6: 127-36 (1986) 86243618 The DNA binding site of the Xenopus transcription factor IIIA has a non-B-form structure. Fairall L; Martin S; Rhodes D EMBO J 8: 1809-17 (1989) On the basis of nuclease digestion studies we proposed that the DNA binding site of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) may have an overall structure with A-type rather than B-type characteristics. Thi89356656 Epstein-Barr virus bicistronic mRNAs generated by facultative splicing code for two transcriptional trans-activators. Manet E; Gruffat H; Trescol-Biemont MC; Moreno N; Chambard P; Giot JF; Sergeant A EMBO J 8: 1819-26 (1989) The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome codes for several transcriptional trans-activators. One of them, the BZLF1 open reading frame (ORF)-encoded product EB1, is able to induce the productive cycle in i89356657 Structure and tissue-specific developmental expression of a sea urchin arylsulfatase gene. Yang Q; Angerer LM; Angerer RC Dev Biol 135: 53-65 (1989) Arylsulfatases are a group of enzymes that remove sulfate moieties from a diverse set of substrates including glycoproteins, steroids, and cerebrosides. We have isolated recombinant cDNA clones corres89357267 Molecular evolution of the telomere-associated MAL loci of Saccharomyces. Charron MJ; Read E; Haut SR; Michels CA Genetics 122: 307-16 (1989) The MAL gene family of Saccharomyces consists of five multigene complexes (MAL1, MAL2, MAL3, MAL4, and MAL6) each of which encodes maltose permease (GENE 1), maltase (GENE 2) and the trans-acting MAL-89357445 Putative start codon TTG for the regulatory protein VirG of the hairy-root-inducing plasmid pRiA4. Aoyama T; Hirayama T; Tamamoto S; Oka A Gene 78: 173-8 (1989) The nucleotide sequence of the virG gene for a transcriptional activator on the agropine-type hairy-root-inducing plasmid pRiA4 was determined. The sequence contained one possible open reading frame. 89357494 Repression of damage-inducible (din) genes by the lexA3 mutation or by plasmid carrying the lexA gene; effect on pyrimidine dimer excision in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli. Masek F; Skorvaga M; Sedliakova M Gene 78: 195-9 (1989) Dimer excision was followed in Escherichia coli K-12 AB1157 DM49 lexA3 mutant (whose repressor is not cleavable with RecA protease), and in E. coli K-12 AB2497[pGC3] carrying the cloned lexA gene. In 89357499 A model system for the rescue of cDNA encoding transacting transcription activator by contingent replication assay. Vasavada HA; Ganguly S; Settleman J; Dimaio D; Weissman S Indian J Biochem Biophys 25: 488-94 (1988) 89358035 Sex differences of the influence of T3 on the topical distribution of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in the liver acinus. Wimmer M Histochemistry 92: 109-13 (1989) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity was investigated in livers of triiodothyronine (T3) treated male and female rats with special regard to its intraacinar localization. In untreated co89358744 Method for selection of transposable DNA and characterization of a new insertion sequence, IS493, from Streptomyces lividans. Solenberg PJ; Burgett SG J Bacteriol 171: 4807-13 (1989) A method to select for transposable elements from Streptomyces spp. by using insertional inactivation of a repressor gene that functions in Escherichia coli was developed. Plasmid pCZA126, which can r89359113 MalI, a novel protein involved in regulation of the maltose system of Escherichia coli, is highly homologous to the repressor proteins GalR, CytR, and LacI. Reidl J; Romisch K; Ehrmann M; Boos W J Bacteriol 171: 4888-99 (1989) The maltose regulon of Escherichia coli comprises several operons that are under common regulatory control of the MalT activator protein. Five mal genes, organized in two divergent operons, code for a89359124 Molecular cloning of the avian beta-nerve growth factor gene: transcription in brain. Wion D; Perret C; Frechin N; Keller A; Behar G; Brachet P; Auffray C FEBS Lett 203: 82-6 (1986) A chicken gene cross-hybridizing with a murine beta-nerve growth factor (beta NGF) cDNA probe was identified by Southern blot analysis and isolated from a genomic DNA library. The DNA sequence coding 86248129 Cloning and sequencing of an Escherichia coli gene, nlp, highly homologous to the ner genes of bacteriophages Mu and D108. Choi YL; Nishida T; Kawamukai M; Utsumi R; Sakai H; Komano T J Bacteriol 171: 5222-5 (1989) An nlp (Ner-like protein) gene was isolated from Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of a 1,342-base-pair chromosomal DNA fragment containing the nlp gene was analyzed. It contained two open rea89359178 Putative metal finger structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer binding protein HIV-EP1. Maekawa T; Sakura H; Sudo T; Ishii S J Biol Chem 264: 14591-3 (1989) The region containing two copies of the sequence GGGACTTTCC in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat, that is an NF-kappa B binding site, functions as an enhancer elemen89359241 Thyroid hormone inhibition of human thyrotropin beta-subunit gene expression is mediated by a cis-acting element located in the first exon. Wondisford FE; Farr EA; Radovick S; Steinfelder HJ; Moates JM; McClaskey JH; Weintraub BD J Biol Chem 264: 14601-4 (1989) Thyroid hormone regulation of the human thyrotropin beta-subunit gene (TSH beta) was examined in a human embryonal cell line (293). Transient expression studies were performed with chimeric plasmids c89359244 Purification and in vitro DNA-binding specificity of the Bacillus subtilis phage phi 105 repressor. Van Kaer L; Van Montagu M; Dhaese P J Biol Chem 264: 14784-91 (1989) The Bacillus subtilis phage phi 105 repressor, a lambda repressor-like transcriptional regulatory protein, was overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified to near homogeneity in order to examine its89359276 Purification and characterization of the CopB replication control protein, and precise mapping of its target site in the R1 plasmid. Riise E; Molin S Plasmid 15: 163-71 (1986) The CopB regulatory loop from plasmid R1 has been analyzed. The CopB protein was partially purified, but proteolytic activity in vitro resulted in the recovery of two molecular forms of the polypeptid86233815 Biosynthesis of a repressor/nuclease hybrid protein. Panayotatos N; Fontaine A; Backman S J Biol Chem 264: 15066-9 (1989) The phage T7 endonuclease gene was fused to the 3' end of the lac repressor gene. The hybrid protein exhibits repressor and nuclease functions in a manner dependent on the conformation of the DNA. Wit89359319 Binding of the Sp1 transcription factor by the human Harvey ras1 proto-oncogene promoter. Ishii S; Kadonaga JT; Tjian R; Brady JN; Merlino GT; Pastan I Science 232: 1410-3 (1986) Members of the ras gene family encode proteins that when overproduced or mutated can transform immortalized mammalian cells. It is therefore important to understand the mechanisms by which the ras gen86235432 In situ transcription and detection of CD1a mRNA in epidermal cells: an alternative to standard in situ hybridization techniques. Longley J; Merchant MA; Kacinski BM J Invest Dermatol 93: 432-5 (1989) To develop methods for the investigation of mRNA transcription in rare epidermal cells, we used in situ transcription to study CD1a mRNA in isolated CD1a positive cells. We chose to study this Langerh89360586 Modulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator messenger RNA levels in human synovial fibroblasts by interleukin-1, retinoic acid, and a glucocorticoid. Vitti G; Hamilton JA Arthritis Rheum 31: 1046-51 (1988) Previous studies have shown that mononuclear cell-conditioned medium (MCCM), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and all-trans-retinoic acid rapidly stimulate, while glucocorticoids lower, the urokinase-type plasmi88309182 Organization and nucleotide sequence of a transcriptional unit of Methanococcus vannielii comprising genes for protein synthesis elongation factors and ribosomal proteins. Lechner K; Heller G; Bock A J Mol Evol 29: 20-7 (1989) By a chromosome walking strategy the DNA region from Methanococcus vannielii flanking the genes for protein synthesis elongation factor (EF) 1 alpha and EF-2 was cloned and sequenced. A gene organizat89362493 Finger-loops, oncogenes, and metals. Claude Passmore Brown memorial lecture. Sunderman FW Jr; Barber AM Ann Clin Lab Sci 18: 267-88 (1988) Certain DNA-binding proteins that regulate gene expression contain single or multiple copies of short polypeptide sequences, approximately 30 residues long, consisting of combinations of four Cys or H88308429 Leucine zippers of fos, jun and GCN4 dictate dimerization specificity and thereby control DNA binding. Kouzarides T; Ziff E Nature 340: 568-71 (1989) The products of the fos and jun protooncogenes form a stable heterodimer which binds to the TPA-responsive element (TRE) TGACTCA with high affinity. These two proteins, together with the yeast GCN4 pr89365144 DNA sequence of the control region of phage D108: the N-terminal amino acid sequences of repressor and transposase are similar both in phage D108 and in its relative, phage Mu. Mizuuchi M; Weisberg RA; Mizuuchi K Nucleic Acids Res 14: 3813-25 (1986) We have determined the DNA sequence of the control region of phage D108 up to position 1419 at the left end of the phage genome. Open reading frames for the repressor gene, ner gene, and the 5' part o86232621 DNA dynamic flexibility and protein recognition: differential stimulation by bacterial histone-like protein HU. Flashner Y; Gralla JD Cell 54: 713-21 (1988) The abundant E. coli "histone-like" protein HU is shown to be a differential effector of DNA recognition by three diverse control proteins. DNA recognition by lac repressor and catabolite activator pr88311073 Altering DNA-binding specificity of GAL4 requires sequences adjacent to the zinc finger. Corton JC; Johnston SA Nature 340: 724-7 (1989) Many eukaryotic proteins involved in transcriptional regulation contain within their DNA-binding domains a polypeptide loop (the zinc finger) which interacts with DNA. In proteins possessing multiple 89365178 Two tobacco DNA-binding proteins with homology to the nuclear factor CREB. Katagiri F; Lam E; Chua NH Nature 340: 727-30 (1989) The 35S promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) contains a tandem repeat of the sequence TGACG in the region -83 to -63. This 21-base pair (bp) sequence, called as-1, is involved in root expre89365179 Gene regulation. Action of leucine zippers [news] Abel T; Maniatis T Nature 341: 24-5 (1989) 89365185 Exocrinopathy resembling Sjogren's syndrome in HTLV-1 tax transgenic mice. Green JE; Hinrichs SH; Vogel J; Jay G Nature 341: 72-4 (1989) Human T-cell leukaemia virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus aetiologically associated with adult T-cell leukaemia (ATL), tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and possibly multiple sclerosis (MS) in humans. 89365197 Changing fos oncoprotein to a jun-independent DNA binding protein with GCN4 dimerization specificity by swapping "leucine zippers". Sellers JW; Struhl K Nature 341: 74-6 (1989) A structural motif for DNA-binding proteins, the 'leucine zipper', has been proposed for the jun, fos and myc gene products, the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4, and the C/EBP enhancer-binding pr89365198 Translational repression by bacteriophage MS2 coat protein does not require cysteine residues. Peabody DS Nucleic Acids Res 17: 6017-27 (1989) Previous studies implicated cysteine residues in the translational repressor (i.e. RNA binding) activity of the coat protein of bacteriophage MS2. It has been proposed that a protein sulfhydryl forms 89366636 Purification of DNA-binding transcription factors by their selective adsorption on the affinity latex particles. Kawaguchi H; Asai A; Ohtsuka Y; Watanabe H; Wada T; Handa H Nucleic Acids Res 17: 6229-40 (1989) A simple method with the use of affinity latex particles has been developed for the fast and efficient purification of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins on the basis of their ability to selective89366653 Tn10 tet operator mutations affecting Tet repressor recognition. Wissmann A; Meier I; Wray LV Jr; Geissendorfer M; Hillen W Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4253-66 (1986) The effect of single base pair alterations of the Tn10 encoded tet operator on recognition of Tet repressor was studied in vivo using a repressor titration system and in vitro by dissociation rate det86232556 Nucleotide sequence of the quail c-jun protooncogene. Brun G; La Vista N; Dangy JP; Castellazzi M Nucleic Acids Res 17: 6393 (1989) 89366673 Silver-stained protein gels allow recovery of transcription factors still active in specific DNA-binding. Schroter H; Nordheim A Nucleic Acids Res 17: 6415 (1989) 89366693 Rapid test for in vivo stability and DNA binding of mutated octamer binding proteins with 'mini-extracts' prepared from transfected cells. Muller MM; Schreiber E; Schaffner W; Matthias P Nucleic Acids Res 17: 6420 (1989) 89366698 Lambda repressor recognizes the approximately 2-fold symmetric half-operator sequences asymmetrically. Sarai A; Takeda Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 6513-7 (1989) Results of systematic base-substitution experiments suggest that the lambda repressor dimer, made of identical subunits, recognizes the "pseudo(2-fold)symmetric" operator sequence asymmetrically. Base89367279 Regulation of collagen gene expression. Bornstein P; Sage H Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 37: 67-106 (1989) 89367960 Inhibition of DNA binding proteins by oligonucleotide-directed triple helix formation. Maher LJ 3d; Wold B; Dervan PB Science 245: 725-30 (1989) Oligonucleotides that bind to duplex DNA in a sequence-specific manner by triple helix formation offer an approach to the experimental manipulation of sequence-specific protein binding. Micromolar con89368891 DNA replication is required for abundant expression of a plasmid-borne late US11 gene of herpes simplex virus type 1. Johnson PA; Everett RD Nucleic Acids Res 14: 3609-25 (1986) During herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, the appearance of true-late gene products is severely reduced under conditions of DNA synthesis inhibition. This report describes the use of a pla86232607 Activation of HIV LTR-directed expression: analysis with pseudorabies virus immediate early gene. Yuan R; Bohan C; Shiao FC; Robinson R; Kaplan HJ; Srinivasan A Virology 172: 92-9 (1989) The long terminal repeat (LTR) region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), which regulates viral gene expression, is modulated by viral trans-acting proteins of HIV and DNA viruses and by biol89370336 Protein synthesis dependent and independent mechanisms of neutrophil emigration. Different mechanisms of inflammation in rabbits induced by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor alpha or endotoxin versCybulsky MI; McComb DJ; Movat HZ Am J Pathol 135: 227-37 (1989) Inflammation constitutes the body's principal mode of defense against infection and other harmful agents. Neutrophil leukocytes are the primary effector cells in this process. The role of protein synt89371937 Accumulation and decay of DG42 gene products follow a gradient pattern during Xenopus embryogenesis. Rosa F; Sargent TD; Rebbert ML; Michaels GS; Jamrich M; Grunz H; Jonas E; Winkles JA; Dawid IB Dev Biol 129: 114-23 (1988) The DG42 gene is expressed during a short window during embryogenesis of Xenopus laevis. The mRNA for this gene can be first detected just after midblastula, peaks at late gastrula, and decays by the 88313363 Eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. Johnson PF; McKnight SL Annu Rev Biochem 58: 799-839 (1989) 89372817 Regulated expression of a gene encoding a nuclear factor, IRF-1, that specifically binds to IFN-beta gene regulatory elements. Miyamoto M; Fujita T; Kimura Y; Maruyama M; Harada H; Sudo Y; Miyata T; Taniguchi T Cell 54: 903-13 (1988) Expression of the interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene is induced by a variety of agents, including viruses. Evidence has been provided that a mouse nuclear factor, termed interferon regulatory factor-1 (I88311092 Antagonistic effect of PDGF and NGF on transcription of ribosomal DNA and tumor cell proliferation. Rakowicz-Szulczynska EM; Koprowski H Biochem Biophys Res Commun 163: 649-56 (1989) The molecular mechanism by which NGF and PDGF affect growth of tumor cells was tested in human melanoma WM 266-4 and colorectal carcinoma SW 707 cell lines. We present evidence that NGF translocated t89374298 The effect of homocysteine on MetR regulation of metE, metR and metH expression in vitro. Cai XY; Redfield B; Maxon M; Weissbach H; Brot N Biochem Biophys Res Commun 163: 79-83 (1989) An Escherichia coli S-30 DNA directed protein synthesis system was used to study the effect of homocysteine on the in vitro expression of the metE, metH and metR genes. In the presence of purified Met89374301 Transcription unit mapping in adenovirus: regions of termination. Iwamoto S; Eggerding F; Falck-Pederson E; Darnell JE Jr J Virol 59: 112-9 (1986) Using a series of single-stranded clones of adenovirus DNA, we determined the extent of RNA polymerase II transit early in infection for two rightward-reading transcription units. RNA synthesis beginn86227700 The erythroid-specific transcription factor Eryf1: a new finger protein. Evans T; Felsenfeld G Cell 58: 877-85 (1989) The erythroid-specific transcription factor Eryf1 binds to DNA sites within regulatory regions of every member of both the alpha- and beta-globin families in chicken. The distribution of these sites s89376538 A mutated polyoma virus enhancer which is active in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells is not repressed by adenovirus-2 E1A products. Hen R; Borrelli E; Fromental C; Sassone-Corsi P; Chambon P Nature 321: 249-51 (1986) Enhancers stimulate transcription of several eukaryotic genes (for review see ref. 1). While some enhancers, like that of simian virus 40 (SV40), are active in a wide range of cell types, others are m86230849 Mutational specificity of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli. Burns PA; Gordon AJ; Glickman BW Carcinogenesis 9: 1607-10 (1988) The mutational specificity of the carcinogenic alkylating agent N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) was investigated through the DNA sequence characterisation of 104 lacI-d mutations induced by this agent in88311375 Isolation of the gene encoding the yeast TATA binding protein TFIID: a gene identical to the SPT15 suppressor of Ty element insertions. Hahn S; Buratowski S; Sharp PA; Guarente L Cell 58: 1173-81 (1989) We report the cloning of the gene that encodes the yeast TATA binding protein TFIID. TFIID contains 240 amino acids and has no obvious sequence similarity to other known proteins. TFIID was synthesize89376568 Autogenous regulation of the regA gene of bacteriophage T4: derepression of translation. Liang YM; Wei RX; Hsu T; Alford C; Dawson M; Karam J Genetics 119: 743-9 (1988) The regA gene of phage T4 encodes a translational repressor that inhibits utilization of its own mRNA as well as the translation of a number of other phage-induced mRNAs. In recombinant plasmids, auto88313630 NMR studies of the Escherichia coli trp aporepressor. Sequence-specific assignment of the aromatic proton resonances. Hyde EI; Ramesh V; Roberts GC; Arrowsmith CH; Treat-Clemons L; Klaic B; Jardetzky O Eur J Biochem 183: 545-53 (1989) The resonances in the aromatic region of the 1H-NMR spectrum of the Escherichia coli trp aporepressor have been assigned to amino acid type by two-dimensional correlated spectroscopy (COSY), homonucle89377821 Investigation of RecA--polynucleotide interactions from the measurement of LexA repressor cleavage kinetics. Presence of different types of complex. Takahashi M; Schnarr M Eur J Biochem 183: 617-22 (1989) The proteolysis of the LexA repressor in the presence of RecA and various polynucleotides was studied by measuring the fluorescence decrease of LexA upon cleavage. The results were compared with the D89377829 A protein involved in minichromosome maintenance in yeast binds a transcriptional enhancer conserved in eukaryotes. Passmore S; Elble R; Tye BK Genes Dev 3: 921-35 (1989) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae MCM1 gene product is a protein with multiple functions. It is a transcription factor necessary for expression of mating-type-specific genes and is also required for the ma89378740 The yeast transcription activator PRTF, a homolog of the mammalian serum response factor, is encoded by the MCM1 gene. Jarvis EE; Clark KL; Sprague GF Jr Genes Dev 3: 936-45 (1989) Two proteins, alpha 1 and pheromone/receptor transcription factor (PRTF), bind cooperatively to the upstream activation sequences (UAS) of yeast alpha-specific genes and thereby activate their transcr89378741 Crystallization of a complex of cro repressor with a 17 base-pair operator. Brennan RG; Takeda Y; Kim J; Anderson WF; Matthews BW J Mol Biol 188: 115-8 (1986) Crystals of the lambda cro repressor complexed to a 17 base-pair synthetic binding site related to the OR3 operator have been obtained. The complex crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P6(2) (or 86227496 Transcriptional regulation of the mercury-resistance genes of transposon Tn501. Lund PA; Ford SJ; Brown NL J Gen Microbiol 132 ( Pt 2): 465-80 (1986) Expression of the mercury-resistance (mer) genes of the transposon Tn501 is positively and negatively controlled by the product of the merR gene. DNA sequence analysis has identified three open readin86226170 Analysis of expression of yeast enolase 1 gene containing a longer pyrimidine-rich region located between the TATA box and transcription start site. Jigami Y; Toshimitsu N; Fujisawa H; Uemura H; Tanaka H; Nakasato S J Biochem (Tokyo) 99: 1111-25 (1986) Yeast ENO1 promoter was prepared by a chemical synthetic method. Two variant promoters containing a pyrimidine-rich region (CT block), located between the TATA box and the transcription start site, ei86223905 An avian muscle factor related to MyoD1 activates muscle-specific promoters in nonmuscle cells of different germ-layer origin and in BrdU-treated myoblasts. Lin ZY; Dechesne CA; Eldridge J; Paterson BM Genes Dev 3: 986-96 (1989) We isolated the cDNA encoding a myogenic factor expressed in embryonic chick breast muscle by virtue of its weak hybridization to the mouse MyoD1 clone. Nucleotide sequence analysis and amino acid com89378745 Binding of Drosophila heat-shock gene transcription factor to the hsp 70 promoter. Evidence for symmetric and dynamic interactions. Shuey DJ; Parker CS J Biol Chem 261: 7934-40 (1986) A Drosophila heat-shock gene transcription factor (HSTF) has been shown to bind to three domains upstream from the TATA homology on a hsp 70 gene. The domain closest to the TATA homology consists of t86224095 Incompatibility repressor in a RepA-like replicon of the IncFI plasmid ColV2-K94. Weber PC; Palchaudhuri S J Bacteriol 166: 1106-12 (1986) The replication region Rep1 of the IncFI plasmid ColV2-K94 was cloned on self-replicating restriction fragments. Rep1 was structurally and functionally homologous to the RepA replicon of IncFII R plas86223772 In vitro binding of LexA repressor to DNA: evidence for the involvement of the amino-terminal domain. Hurstel S; Granger-Schnarr M; Daune M; Schnarr M EMBO J 5: 793-8 (1986) Both the amino-terminal and the carboxy-terminal domain of the LexA repressor have been purified using the LexA protein autodigestion reaction at alkaline pH, which leads to the same specific products86220161 Interleukin-1 is a potent regulator of JE and KC gene expression in quiescent BALB/c fibroblasts. Hall DJ; Brownlee C; Stiles CD J Cell Physiol 141: 154-9 (1989) Interleukin-1 alpha and beta are polypeptide hormones with a broad range of biological activities. Both interleukins are recognized by a receptor that has been characterized as a member of the immunog89380472 Intermediates in transcription initiation and propagation. Straney DC; Crothers DM Biochem Soc Trans 14: 195-6 (1986) 86221171 Manganese and antibiotic biosynthesis. III. The site of manganese control of patulin production in Penicillium urticae. Scott RE; Jones A; Gaucher GM Can J Microbiol 32: 273-9 (1986) Although manganese had been shown to be an essential requirement for patulin biosynthesis, its site of action was unknown. Four possibilities were considered. A manganese requirement for the second pa86217512 The effect of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli on the structure and dynamics of dA20dT20. Lane AN; Lefevre JF; Jardetzky O Biochim Biophys Acta 867: 45-56 (1986) We have determined the effect of the tryptophan (trp) repressor from Escherichia coli on the structure and dynamics of dA20dT20. The structure was determined using time-dependent nuclear Overhauser ef86216214 Homoeo-domain homology in yeast MAT alpha 2 is essential for repressor activity. Porter SD; Smith M Nature 320: 766-8 (1986) The MAT alpha locus of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes two regulatory proteins, alpha 1 and alpha 2, which are responsible for determining the alpha-cell type. MAT alpha 1 is a positive reg86203638 Temporal order of gene replication in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Taljanidisz J; Popowski J; Sarkar N Mol Cell Biol 9: 2881-9 (1989) To investigate the molecular basis of the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the orderly replication of the mammalian genome, we have developed an experimental system by which the replication order89384546 Activity of the carbamyl phosphate synthetase I promoter in liver nuclear extracts is dependent on a cis-acting C/EBP recognition element. Howell BW; Lagace M; Shore GC Mol Cell Biol 9: 2928-33 (1989) We have identified an essential cis element in the proximal promoter region of the rat carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (CPSI) gene that is requisite for promoter activity in liver nuclear extracts. Ex89384552 Defining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins by selecting binding sites from random-sequence oligonucleotides: analysis of yeast GCN4 protein. Oliphant AR; Brandl CJ; Struhl K Mol Cell Biol 9: 2944-9 (1989) We describe a new method for accurately defining the sequence recognition properties of DNA-binding proteins by selecting high-affinity binding sites from random-sequence DNA. The yeast transcriptiona89384554 Interactions between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and lambda repressor. Mutations in PRM affect repression of PR. Hwang JJ; Gussin GN J Mol Biol 200: 735-9 (1988) The rightward operator, OR, of bacteriophage lambda is part of a complex regulatory region that includes PRM, the promoter for repressor synthesis by a prophage, the rightward early promoter PR, and t88316938 Functional domains of a negative regulatory protein, GAL80, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nogi Y; Fukasawa T Mol Cell Biol 9: 3009-17 (1989) To study the functional domains of a transcriptional repressor encoded by the GAL80 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we constructed various deletion and insertion mutations in the GAL80 coding region89384561 DNA binding of the mouse class II major histocompatibility CCAAT factor depends on two components. Celada A; Maki RA Mol Cell Biol 9: 3097-100 (1989) A CCAAT-binding factor that recognizes a CCAAT sequence (Y box) located upstream of the major histocompatibility class II gene I-A beta has been partially purified. This CCAAT-binding factor was found89384572 Two DNA repair and recombination genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RAD52 and RAD54, are induced during meiosis. Cole GM; Schild D; Mortimer RK Mol Cell Biol 9: 3101-4 (1989) The DNA repair and recombination genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, RAD52 and RAD54, were transcriptionally induced approximately 10- to 15-fold in sporulating MATa/alpha cells. Congenic MATa/a cells,89384573 Major histocompatibility complex class I genes in murine fibrosarcoma IC9 are down regulated at the level of the chromatin structure. Maschek U; Pulm W; Segal S; Hammerling GJ Mol Cell Biol 9: 3136-42 (1989) The fibrosarcoma IC9 is deficient in the expression of the major histocompatibility complex class I genes Kb, Kk, and Dk and expresses only the Db molecule. Because class I deficiency may enable tumor89384581 Fusion of adenovirus E1A to the glucocorticoid receptor by high-resolution deletion cloning creates a hormonally inducible viral transactivator. Becker DM; Hollenberg SM; Ricciardi RP Mol Cell Biol 9: 3878-87 (1989) The 289-amino-acid E1A protein of adenovirus type 2 stimulates transcription from early viral and certain cellular promoters. Its mechanism is not known, and there exist no temperature-sensitive mutan89384615 Multiple upstream AUG codons mediate translational control of GCN4. Mueller PP; Hinnebusch AG Cell 45: 201-7 (1986) GCN4 encodes a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes in yeast that is regulated at the translational level. The 5' leader of GCN4 mRNA contains four small open-reading-frames. By 86189932 A Fos protein containing the Jun leucine zipper forms a homodimer which binds to the AP1 binding site. Neuberg M; Adamkiewicz J; Hunter JB; Muller R Nature 341: 243-5 (1989) The TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) responsive element (TRE) is recognized by the inducible transcription factor AP1, a heterodimeric complex of Fos- and Jun-protein subunits, which each c89384902 Early gene expression and cellular DNA synthesis after stimulation of quiescent NIH3T3 cells with serum or purified simian virus 40. Morike M; Quaiser A; Muller D; Montenarh M Oncogene 3: 151-8 (1988) Like growth factors or hormones, the DNA tumor virus simian virus 40 can stimulate quiescent cells to re-enter the S-phase. Time course experiments revealed similar kinetics for the stimulation of cel88319650 Amino acid substitutions that increase the thermal stability of the lambda Cro protein. Pakula AA; Sauer RT Proteins 5: 202-10 (1989) A mutant Cro protein, which bears the Ile-30----Leu substitution, is thermally unstable and degraded more rapidly than wild-type Cro in vivo. Using an antibody screen, we have isolated five different 89386628 The amino-terminal domain of LexA repressor is alpha-helical but differs from canonical helix-turn-helix proteins: a two-dimensional 1H NMR study. Lamerichs RM; Padilla A; Boelens R; Kaptein R; Ottleben G; Ruterjans H; Granger-Schnarr M; Oertel P; Schnarr M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 6863-7 (1989) The amino-terminal DNA binding domain of LexA repressor consisting of 84 amino acid residues has been studied by two-dimensional 1H NMR. Sequence-specific 1H resonance assignments were made for the fi89386639 Induction of proto-oncogene JUN/AP-1 by serum and TPA. Lamph WW; Wamsley P; Sassone-Corsi P; Verma IM Nature 334: 629-31 (1988) The response of a cell to mitogens and differentiation agents involves the transcriptional induction of several cellular genes. Prominent among these so-called 'immediate early' or 'competence' genes 88302467 Sex pheromones and plasmid transfer in Enterococcus faecalis. Clewell DB; Weaver KE Plasmid 21: 175-84 (1989) Plasmid-free Enterococcus faecalis excrete peptides (sex pheromones) which specifically induce a mating response in strains harboring certain conjugative plasmids. The response is characterized by the89387436 Gene control research gets a boost [news] Marx JL Science 245: 1329-30 (1989) 89388241 Messenger RNA stability in yeast. Brown AJ Yeast 5: 239-57 (1989) 89389489 cDNA cloning of Gb, the substrate for botulinum ADP-ribosyltransferase from bovine adrenal gland and its identification as a rho gene product. Ogorochi T; Nemoto Y; Nakajima M; Nakamura E; Fujiwara M; Narumiya S Biochem Biophys Res Commun 163: 1175-81 (1989) A 1.5 kilobase cDNA coding for the complete amino acid sequence of Gb, the substrate for ADP-ribosyltransferase in C1 and D botulinum toxins from bovine adrenal gland, has been isolated from a cDNA li89391974 Steroid receptors. How to be both a receptor and a transcription factor. Godowski PJ; Picard D Biochem Pharmacol 38: 3135-43 (1989) 90056547 Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Mermelstein FH; Flores O; Reinberg D Biochim Biophys Acta 1009: 1-10 (1989) 90001240 AbrB, a regulator of gene expression in Bacillus, interacts with the transcription initiation regions of a sporulation gene and an antibiotic biosynthesis gene. Robertson JB; Gocht M; Marahiel MA; Zuber P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 8457-61 (1989) The abrB gene of Bacillus subtilis is believed to encode a repressor that controls the expression of genes involved in starvation-induced processes such as sporulation and the production of antibiotic90046816 Copper and the ACE1 regulatory protein reversibly induce yeast metallothionein gene transcription in a mouse extract. Culotta VC; Hsu T; Hu S; Furst P; Hamer D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 8377-81 (1989) We describe a cell-free system in which the transcription of the yeast metallothionein gene is inducible by the addition of metal ions plus a specific regulatory protein. Efficient transcription requi90046800 Interaction of yeast transcription factor IIIC with dimeric Schizosaccharomyces pombe tRNA(Ser)-tRNA(Met) genes. Johnson DL; Nichols M; Bolger MB; Wilson S J Biol Chem 264: 19221-7 (1989) A unique tRNA(Ser)-tRNA(Met) tandem gene arrangement was characterized previously from Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Three alleles exist in which a tRNA(Ser) gene is separated by 7 base pairs from an ini90037057 Transcription signals and protein binding sites for sericin gene transcription in vitro. Matsuno K; Hui CC; Takiya S; Suzuki T; Ueno K; Suzuki Y J Biol Chem 264: 18707-13 (1989) Using nuclear extracts from Bombyx mori middle silk glands (MSG) where the sericin-1 (Ser-1) mRNA is produced specifically, we have studied the in vitro transcription of the Ser-1 gene. To determine t90036979 The bvgA gene of Bordetella pertussis encodes a transcriptional activator required for coordinate regulation of several virulence genes. Roy CR; Miller JF; Falkow S J Bacteriol 171: 6338-44 (1989) The bvg region of the respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis coordinately regulates the expression of several unlinked virulence determinants in response to environmental signals. The DNA sequence 90036728 Role of sigma H in expression of the fumarase gene (citG) in vegetative cells of Bacillus subtilis 168. Price VA; Feavers IM; Moir A J Bacteriol 171: 5933-9 (1989) The fumarase gene (citG) of Bacillus subtilis is transcribed from two promoter regions, citGp1 and citGp2 (P1 and P2); the P2 promoter is used by the E sigma H form of RNA polymerase. In order to stud90036677 Sigma H-directed transcription of citG in Bacillus subtilis. Tatti KM; Carter HL 3d; Moir A; Moran CP Jr J Bacteriol 171: 5928-32 (1989) The RNA polymerase sigma factor sigma H is essential for the onset of endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis. sigma H also is required for several additional stationary-phase-specific responses, inc90036676 Overexpression of the yeast transcriptional activator ADR1 induces mutation of the mitochondrial genome. Cherry JR; Denis CL Curr Genet 15: 311-7 (1989) It was previously observed that increased dosages of the ADR1 gene, which encodes a yeast transcriptional activator required for alcohol dehydrogenase II (ADH II) expression, cause a decreased rate of90003348 Transcriptional activation of adenoviral early genes. Lillie JW; Hai T; Coukos WJ; Lee KA; Martin KJ; Green MR Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 144: 191-5 (1989) 90004437 Octamer transcription factors bind to two different sequence motifs of the immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter. Kemler I; Schreiber E; Muller MM; Matthias P; Schaffner W EMBO J 8: 2001-8 (1989) All promoters of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes contain three conserved sequence motifs: a heptamer motif CTCATGA, an octamer motif ATGCAAAT, and a TATA box. We show that, despite their different se90005405 Expression of sigma 54 (ntrA)-dependent genes is probably united by a common mechanism. Kustu S; Santero E; Keener J; Popham D; Weiss D Microbiol Rev 53: 367-76 (1989) 90014550 A DNA-binding domain of human transcription factor IIIC2. Boulanger PA; L'Etoile ND; Berk AJ Nucleic Acids Res 17: 7761-70 (1989) Transcription factor IIIC2 is required for in vitro transcription of the adenovirus 2 VA1 gene and binds with high affinity to its B-box promoter element which is an 18 bp perfect inverted repeat. Par90016860 Thermal unwinding of simian virus 40 transcription complex DNA. Lutter LC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 8712-6 (1989) Two long-standing questions in the control of eukaryotic gene expression have been how the structure of transcribing chromatin compares with that of nontranscribing chromatin and how chromatin structu90046863 Transcriptional trans-repression by the c-myb proto-oncogene product. Nakagoshi H; Nagase T; Ueno Y; Ishii S Nucleic Acids Res 17: 7315-24 (1989) We report that the c-myb protein binds to another site, MBS-II, in the SV40 enhancer with low affinity. In co-transfection experiments with a c-myb expression plasmid, tandem repeats of the sequence c90016793 A member of the steroid hormone receptor gene family is expressed in the 20-OH-ecdysone inducible puff 75B in Drosophila melanogaster. Feigl G; Gram M; Pongs O Nucleic Acids Res 17: 7167-78 (1989) Drosophila melanogaster DNA has been cloned which encompasses a major part of the 20-OH-ecdysone inducible puff 75B. One 20-OH-ecdysone responsive transcription unit was detected which is expressed in90016778 Yeast TATA-box transcription factor gene. Schmidt MC; Kao CC; Pei R; Berk AJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 7785-9 (1989) The first step in the transcription of most protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes is the binding of a transcription factor to the TATA-box promoter element. This TATA-box transcription factor was purif90046680 Repression of the lambda pcin promoter by integrative host factor. Griffo G; Oppenheim AB; Gottesman ME J Mol Biol 209: 55-64 (1989) The cin-1 mutation creates a new promoter (pcin) in the tR1 region of bacteriophage lambda. The pcin promoter transcribes the cI repressor gene constitutively. lambda cin-1 does not propagate on Esche90040719 Sequence and transcription mapping of Bacillus subtilis competence genes comB and comA, one of which is related to a family of bacterial regulatory determinants. Weinrauch Y; Guillen N; Dubnau DA J Bacteriol 171: 5362-75 (1989) The complete nucleotide sequences of the comA and comB loci of Bacillus subtilis were determined. The products of these genes are required for the development of competence in B. subtilis and for the 90008771 Characterization of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus catM, a repressor gene homologous in sequence to transcriptional activator genes. Neidle EL; Hartnett C; Ornston LN J Bacteriol 171: 5410-21 (1989) Two structural genes needed for catechol degradation, catA and catB, encode the respective enzymes catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.1) and muconate cycloisomerase (EC 5.5.1.1). Catechol is an inte90008775 The transition state transcription regulator AbrB of Bacillus subtilis is autoregulated during vegetative growth. Strauch MA; Perego M; Burbulys D; Hoch JA Mol Microbiol 3: 1203-9 (1989) The DNA-binding AbrB protein of Bacillus subtilis is an ambiactive transcriptional regulator of genes expressed during the transition state between vegetative growth and the onset of stationary phase 90014180 Activation of glnA transcription by nitrogen regulator I (NRI)-phosphate in Escherichia coli: evidence for a long-range physical interaction between NRI-phosphate and RNA polymerase. Reitzer LJ; Movsas B; Magasanik B J Bacteriol 171: 5512-22 (1989) Growth of cells of Escherichia coli in nitrogen-limited medium induces the formation of glutamine synthetase, product of the glnA gene, and of other proteins that facilitate the assimilation of nitrog90008788 Activation of the neu tyrosine kinase induces the fos/jun transcription factor complex, the glucose transporter and ornithine decarboxylase. Sistonen L; Holtta E; Lehvaslaiho H; Lehtola L; Alitalo K J Cell Biol 109: 1911-9 (1989) We have studied the ability of the neu tyrosine kinase to induce a signal for the activation of cell growth-regulated genes. Serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells expressing an epidermal growth factor receptor 90037188 Genetic and biochemical analysis of the MetR activator-binding site in the metE metR control region of Salmonella typhimurium. Urbanowski ML; Stauffer GV J Bacteriol 171: 5620-9 (1989) The Salmonella typhimurium metE and metR genes share a common control region, with overlapping, divergently transcribed promoters. A double gene fusion was constructed in which the metE promoter direc90008803 The extended promoter of the gene encoding ribosomal protein S33 in yeast consists of multiple protein binding elements. Herruer MH; Mager WH; Doorenbosch TM; Wessels PL; Wassenaar TM; Planta RJ Nucleic Acids Res 17: 7427-39 (1989) At least 4 different, protein binding cis-acting elements are present in the upstream region of the S33-gene. The major protein binding site is situated between positions -148 and -163 relative to the90016803 Cloning and structure of a yeast gene encoding a general transcription initiation factor TFIID that binds to the TATA box. Horikoshi M; Wang CK; Fujii H; Cromlish JA; Weil PA; Roeder RG Nature 341: 299-303 (1989) The TATA sequence-binding factor TFIID plays a central role both in promoter activation by RNA polymerase II and other common initiation factors, and in promoter regulation by gene-specific factors. T90015110 Multiple mutations of the first gene of a dimeric tRNA gene abolish in vitro tRNA gene transcription. Nichols M; Bell J; Klekamp MS; Weil PA; Soll D J Biol Chem 264: 17084-90 (1989) Eukaryotic tRNA expression initiates with transcription by RNA polymerase III and requires two additional protein factors and two regions within the tRNA gene (the 5'-internal control region (ICR) or 90008861 A cis-acting transcription element of the c-myc gene can assume an H-DNA conformation. Kinniburgh AJ Nucleic Acids Res 17: 7771-8 (1989) I have used chemical probes and an oligonucleotide-association assay to determine the structure of a nuclease-sensitive, c-myc DNA region. I find that this DNA region can form a triplex-single strande90016861 The regions important for the activator and repressor functions of herpes simplex virus type 1 alpha protein ICP27 map to the C-terminal half of the molecule. Hardwicke MA; Vaughan PJ; Sekulovich RE; O'Conner R; Sandri-Goldin RM J Virol 63: 4590-602 (1989) The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) alpha or immediate-early proteins ICP4 (IE175), ICP0 (IE110), and ICP27 (IE63) are trans-acting proteins which affect HSV-1 gene expression. We previously showe90012306 Processing the nonstructural polyproteins of sindbis virus: nonstructural proteinase is in the C-terminal half of nsP2 and functions both in cis and in trans. Hardy WR; Strauss JH J Virol 63: 4653-64 (1989) The processing of the Sindbis virus nonstructural polyprotein translated in vitro has been studied. When Sindbis virus genomic RNA was translated in a reticulocyte lysate, polyprotein P123 was cleaved90012313 Inhibition of rRNA synthesis by poliovirus: specific inactivation of transcription factors. Rubinstein SJ; Dasgupta A J Virol 63: 4689-96 (1989) Synthesis of rRNA by RNA polymerase I is almost completely inhibited soon after infection of human cells with poliovirus. We show that extracts prepared from poliovirus-infected HeLa cells are severel90012318 A GC-box motif upstream of the B19 parvovirus unique promoter is important for in vitro transcription. Blundell MC; Astell CR J Virol 63: 4814-23 (1989) Nucleotides upstream of the B19 parvovirus P6 promoter affect in vitro transcription in HeLa cell nuclear extracts. Comparison of the relative transcriptional strengths of equimolar mixes of plasmids 90012333 Identification of two nuclear factor-binding domains on the chicken cardiac actin promoter: implications for regulation of the gene. Quitschke WW; DePonti-Zilli L; Lin ZY; Paterson BM Mol Cell Biol 9: 3218-30 (1989) The cis-acting regions that appear to be involved in negative regulation of the chicken alpha-cardiac actin promoter both in vivo and in vitro have been identified. A nuclear factor(s) binding to the 90014775 An RNA polymerase II transcription factor has an associated DNA-dependent ATPase (dATPase) activity strongly stimulated by the TATA region of promoters. Conaway RC; Conaway JW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 7356-60 (1989) A transcription factor required for synthesis of accurately initiated run-off transcripts by RNA polymerase II has been purified and shown to have an associated DNA-dependent ATPase (dATPase) activity90017478 Molecular genetic analysis of FNR-dependent promoters. Eiglmeier K; Honore N; Iuchi S; Lin EC; Cole ST Mol Microbiol 3: 869-78 (1989) In enteric bacteria, the expression of many genes encoding various anaerobic electron transfer functions is controlled by FNR, the product of the autoregulated fnr gene. FNR is structurally and functi90014161 Sp1 activates transcription without enhancing DNA-binding activity of the TATA box factor. Schmidt MC; Zhou Q; Berk AJ Mol Cell Biol 9: 3299-307 (1989) We have studied the interactions of the Sp1 and IID transcription factors with a simple RNA polymerase II promoter. The adenovirus E1B core promoter consists essentially of a GC box and a TATA box, bi90014783 Identification of a functional NF-kappa B binding site in the murine T cell receptor beta 2 locus. Jamieson C; Mauxion F; Sen R J Exp Med 170: 1737-43 (1989) We have identified a sequence in the TCR beta 2 locus that is homologous to the kappa B site in the Ig kappa light chain enhancer. This element, TCR beta-B, is located in the vicinity of previously id90039142 Molecular mechanisms governing species-specific transcription of ribosomal RNA. Bell SP; Pikaard CS; Reeder RH; Tjian R Cell 59: 489-97 (1989) An unusual property of ribosomal RNA transcription is the species specificity of promoter recognition. Unexpectedly, the sequence-specific RNA pol I transcription factors hUBF and xUBF, isolated from 90030421 Gene transcription: activator's target in sight [news] Lillie JW; Green MR Nature 341: 279-80 (1989) 90015103 Human transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC). Purification, polypeptide structure, and the involvement of thiol groups in specific DNA binding. Cromlish JA; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 264: 18100-9 (1989) Human transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) is an initiation factor required for the in vitro transcription of 5 S RNA, tRNA, and adenovirus viral-associated (VA) RNA genes by RNA polymerase III. A TFIII90036886 Analysis of Bordetella pertussis virulence gene regulation by use of transcriptional fusions in Escherichia coli. Miller JF; Roy CR; Falkow S J Bacteriol 171: 6345-8 (1989) The virulence regulon of Bordetella pertussis includes a trans-acting regulatory locus, bvg, that is required for expression of several virulence factors. The virulence control system also responds to90036729 The v-erbA oncogene is a thyroid hormone receptor antagonist. Evans RM Int J Cancer Suppl 4: 26-8 (1989) 90035657 The evolutionary conservation of eukaryotic gene transcription. Schena M Experientia 45: 972-83 (1989) The basic components required for eukaryotic gene transcription have been highly conserved in evolution. Structural and functional homology has now been documented among promoters, promoter factors, r90033153 DNA footprint analysis of the transcriptional activator proteins NodD1 and NodD3 on inducible nod gene promoters. Fisher RF; Long SR J Bacteriol 171: 5492-502 (1989) The Rhizobium meliloti nodD1 and nodD3 gene products (NodD1 and NodD3) are members of the lysR-nodD gene regulator family. They are functionally distinct in that NodD1 transcriptionally activates othe90008786 Kinetics of histone gene expression during early development of Xenopus laevis. Koster JG; Destree OH; Westerhoff HV J Theor Biol 135: 139-67 (1988) Using literature data for transcriptional and translational rate constants, gene copy numbers, DNA concentrations, and stability constants, we have calculated the expected concentrations of histones a90013323 In vivo evidence of interaction between interferon-stimulated gene factors and the interferon-stimulated response element. Pine R; Darnell JE Jr Mol Cell Biol 9: 3533-7 (1989) Constitutive and interferon-inducible DNase hypersensitive sites in vivo are located in interferon-stimulated gene promoters near sequences that specifically bind constitutive or interferon-inducible 90014810 Expression of MyoD1 coincides with terminal differentiation in determined but inducible muscle cells. Montarras D; Pinset C; Chelly J; Kahn A; Gros F EMBO J 8: 2203-7 (1989) We have examined the expression of MyoD1, a potential determination factor of myogenic cells, in permissive and inducible C2 myoblasts. These two types of myoblasts exhibit distinct requirements to un90005423 Spatial and temporal distribution of bovine herpesvirus 1 transcripts. Wirth UV; Gunkel K; Engels M; Schwyzer M J Virol 63: 4882-9 (1989) Northern (RNA) blot analysis was used to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) transcripts. Total RNA was isolated from Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells which 90012341 A lipopolysaccharide-induced DNA-binding protein for a class II gene in B cells is distinct from NF-kappa B. Gravallese EM; Boothby MR; Smas CM; Glimcher LH Mol Cell Biol 9: 3184-92 (1989) Class II (Ia) major histocompatibility complex molecules are cell surface proteins normally expressed by a limited subset of cells of the immune system. These molecules regulate the activation of T ce90014771 Control of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor production in normal endothelial cells by positive and negative regulatory elements. Kaushansky K J Immunol 143: 2525-9 (1989) Granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF is an acidic glycoprotein involved in the hemopoietic response to inflammation and in the functional activation of mature blood cells. The protein is produced in respon90010120 Timing of spoII gene expression relative to septum formation during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis. Gholamhoseinian A; Piggot PJ J Bacteriol 171: 5747-9 (1989) spoII mutants formed heat-resistant spores when transformed with spo+ DNa near the start of sporulation. Many of the spores formed remained genetically spoII. It is deduced from this result and previo90008822 The differential effect of prostaglandin E2 on transforming growth factor-beta and insulin-induced collagen formation in lung fibroblasts. Fine A; Poliks CF; Donahue LP; Smith BD; Goldstein RH J Biol Chem 264: 16988-91 (1989) We examined the effect of prostaglandin (PG) E2 on transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and insulin-stimulated collagen formation in lung fibroblast cultures. TGF-beta increased type I collagen 90008847 Regulation of the phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli: analysis of mutant phoB and phoR genes causing different phenotypes. Yamada M; Makino K; Amemura M; Shinagawa H; Nakata A J Bacteriol 171: 5601-6 (1989) The phoB gene product of Escherichia coli is the transcriptional activator for the genes in the phosphate regulon as well as for phoB itself, all of which are induced by phosphate starvation. The phoR90008800 The role of the sporulation gene spoIIIE in the regulation of prespore-specific gene expression in Bacillus subtilis. Foulger D; Errington J Mol Microbiol 3: 1247-55 (1989) The spoIIIG gene encodes a sigma factor that determines prespore-specific gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Correct spatial and temporal expression of the spoIIIG gene depends o90014185 Three-dimensional crystal structures of Escherichia coli met repressor with and without corepressor. Rafferty JB; Somers WS; Saint-Girons I; Phillips SE Nature 341: 705-10 (1989) The three-dimensional crystal structure of met repressor, in the presence or absence of bound corepressor (S-adenosylmethionine), shows a dimer of intertwined monomers, which do not have the helix-tur90015213 Effect of converting enzyme inhibition on renin synthesis and secretion in mice. Barrett GL; Morgan TO; Smith M; Alcorn D; Aldred P Hypertension 14: 385-95 (1989) We have investigated the relative importance of renal renin stores and de novo synthesis during stimulation of renin secretion and the role of transcription and posttranscriptional factors in providin90007656 Nucleotide sequence of a Bacillus subtilis arginine regulatory gene and homology of its product to the Escherichia coli arginine repressor. North AK; Smith MC; Baumberg S Gene 80: 29-38 (1989) In Bacillus subtilis, arginine represses its biosynthetic enzymes and activates its catabolic ones via a regulator gene ahrC. A 6.2-kb EcoRI fragment of B. subtilis chromosomal DNA that includes the a90006783 The Escherichia coli MutH protein is not the repressor of the bacteriophage Mu mom operon. Hattman S Gene 79: 381-3 (1989) Expression of the bacteriophage Mu mom-operon is under tight regulatory control. One of the factors required for transcription of the operon is the host Escherichia coli Dam activity. It was proposed 90006768 Regulated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of GAL4, a transcriptional activator. Mylin LM; Bhat JP; Hopper JE Genes Dev 3: 1157-65 (1989) In yeast, galactose triggers a rapid GAL4-dependent induction of galactose/melibiose regulon (GAL/MEL) gene transcription, and glucose represses this activation. We discovered that alterations in the 90006737 Establishment of a G-CSF and GM-CSF producing cell line from human large cell carcinoma of the lung [letter] Shibuya T Eur J Haematol 43: 182-3 (1989) 90005885 Hemin-induced transcriptional activation of the HSP70 gene during erythroid maturation in K562 cells is due to a heat shock factor-mediated stress response. Theodorakis NG; Zand DJ; Kotzbauer PT; Williams GT; Morimoto RI Mol Cell Biol 9: 3166-73 (1989) Hemin-induced differentiation of the human erythroleukemia cell line K562 results in the expression and accumulation of erythroid-specific gene products such as embryonic and fetal hemoglobins and the90014769 A vector for expressing GAL4(1-147) fusions in mammalian cells. Sadowski I; Ptashne M Nucleic Acids Res 17: 7539 (1989) 90016831 The c1 genes of P1 and P7. Osborne FA; Stovall SR; Baumstark BR Nucleic Acids Res 17: 7671-80 (1989) The c1 genes of the heteroimmune phages P1 and P7 were sequenced and their products were compared. P7c1 expression was correlated with the translation in vitro of a protein whose predicted molecular w90016853 The c1 repressor of bacteriophage P1 operator-repressor interaction of wild-type and mutant repressor proteins. Heinrich J; Riedel HD; Baumstark BR; Kimura M; Schuster H Nucleic Acids Res 17: 7681-92 (1989) The c1 repressor gene of bacteriophage P1 and the temperature-sensitive mutants P1c1.100 and P1c1.162 was cloned into an expression vector and the repressor proteins were overproduced. A rapid purific90016854 ras-induced neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells: possible involvement of fos and jun. Sassone-Corsi P; Der CJ; Verma IM Mol Cell Biol 9: 3174-83 (1989) Rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells differentiate to sympathetic neuron-like cells upon treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF). The ras and src transforming proteins also induce PC12 neuronal differenti90014770 The adenovirus E1B 55 kd protein influences mRNA transport via an intranuclear effect on RNA metabolism. Leppard KN; Shenk T EMBO J 8: 2329-36 (1989) The adenovirus type 5 early region 1B encodes a 55 kd polypeptide that functions after transcription and processing to facilitate cytoplasmic accumulation of late viral mRNAs during lytic infection. A90005438 Genomic footprinting of a yeast tRNA gene reveals stable complexes over the 5'-flanking region. Huibregtse JM; Engelke DR Mol Cell Biol 9: 3244-52 (1989) We have shown by genomic footprinting that the 5'-flanking region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNASUP53 gene is protected from DNase I digestion. The protected region has a 5' boundary at -40 (rel90014777 T-cell nuclei contain a protein that binds upstream of the murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene. James R; Kazenwadel J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 7392-6 (1989) Stimulation of a murine T-cell line (O18A) by Con A has been shown to cause a large increase in the cytoplasmic granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA level. Using run-on trans90017485 Heparin-binding growth factor type 1 (acidic fibroblast growth factor): a potential biphasic autocrine and paracrine regulator of hepatocyte regeneration. Kan M; Huang JS; Mansson PE; Yasumitsu H; Carr B; McKeehan WL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 7432-6 (1989) Heparin-binding growth factor type 1 (HBGF-1; sometimes termed acidic fibroblast growth factor) is potentially an important factor in liver regeneration. HBGF-1 alone (half-maximal effect at 60 pM) st90017492 Mutations in the structural genes for eukaryotic initiation factors 2 alpha and 2 beta of Saccharomyces cerevisiae disrupt translational control of GCN4 mRNA. Williams NP; Hinnebusch AG; Donahue TF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 7515-9 (1989) The SUI2 and SUI3 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encode the alpha and beta subunits, respectively, of translation initiation factor eIF-2 (eukaryotic initiation factor 2). Previously isolated mutat90017508 Chromosomal rearrangement during sporulation of Bacillus subtilis leads to the generation of a new sigma factor. Rapoport G Res Microbiol 140: 275-6 (1989) 90018837 The gene for enhancer binding proteins E12/E47 lies at the t(1;19) breakpoint in acute leukemias. Mellentin JD; Murre C; Donlon TA; McCaw PS; Smith SD; Carroll AJ; McDonald ME; Baltimore D; Cleary ML Science 246: 379-82 (1989) The gene (E2A) that codes for proteins with the properties of immunoglobulin enhancer binding factors E12/E47 was mapped to chromosome region 19p13.2-p13.3, a site associated with nonrandom translocat90019538 Abolishment of c-fos inducibility in ras-transformed mouse osteoblast cell lines. Nose K; Itami M; Satake M; Ito Y; Kuroki T Mol Carcinog 2: 208-16 (1989) Proto-oncogene c-fos is induced by many types of cellular stimuli, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), epidermal growth factor (EGF), serum (fetal bovine), calcium ionophore A23187, an90026844 Regulation of eukaryotic transcription factors by post-translational modification. Berk AJ Biochim Biophys Acta 1009: 103-9 (1989) 90028262 Molecular genetics of galactose metabolism in yeast. Fukasawa T; Nogi Y Biotechnology 13: 1-18 (1989) 90028903 The lactose-galactose regulon of Kluyveromyces lactis. Dickson RC; Riley MI Biotechnology 13: 19-40 (1989) 90028908 Phosphorus regulation in yeast. Tohe A Biotechnology 13: 41-52 (1989) 90028916 Production of and responsiveness to transforming growth factor-beta in normal and oncogene-transformed human mammary epithelial cells. Valverius EM; Walker-Jones D; Bates SE; Stampfer MR; Clark R; McCormick F; Dickson RB; Lippman ME Cancer Res 49: 6269-74 (1989) Transforming growth factors-beta (TGF beta) are a family of closely related, ubiquitously expressed growth factors with the common properties of induction of growth inhibition and expression of differ90030208 Germ line c-myc is not down-regulated by loss or exclusion of activating factors in myc-induced macrophage tumors. Mango SE; Schuler GD; Steele ME; Cole MD Mol Cell Biol 9: 3482-90 (1989) As in tumors with c-myc chromosomal translocations, c-myc retrovirus-induced monocyte tumors constitutively express an activated form of c-myc (the proviral gene), whereas the normal endogenous c-myc 90014804 The structure of the Antennapedia homeodomain determined by NMR spectroscopy in solution: comparison with prokaryotic repressors. Qian YQ; Billeter M; Otting G; Muller M; Gehring WJ; Wuthrich K Cell 59: 573-80 (1989) The structure of the Antennapedia homeodomain from Drosophila melanogaster was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in solution. It includes three well-defined helices (residues 10-2190030429 Staurosporine-induced neurite outgrowth in PC12h cells. Hashimoto S; Hagino A Exp Cell Res 184: 351-9 (1989) Treatment of PC12h cells with staurosporine (100 nM), a potent inhibitor of protein kinases, promoted rapid outgrowth of neurites. The mechanism of neurite formation elicited by staurosporine is diffe90032983 Alteration of a single nucleotide allows efficient binding of H2TF1/KBF1 to the immunoglobulin kappa enhancer B motif. Mauxion F; Sen R Mol Cell Biol 9: 3548-52 (1989) NF-kappa B (a protein present constitutively only in B cells) and H2TF1/KBF1 (a more ubiquitously distributed protein[s]) are two transcription factors that recognize very similar DNA sequences. Howev90014813 Multiplicity of the DNA-binding protein HBP-1 specific to the conserved hexameric sequence ACGTCA in various plant gene promoters. Mikami K; Takase H; Tabata T; Iwabuchi M FEBS Lett 256: 67-70 (1989) A novel DNA-binding protein that specifically interacts with the hexameric sequence ACGTCA in the regulatory region of the wheat histone H3 gene has been identified in wheat nuclear extract and design90033313 In situ detection of transcriptionally active chromatin and genetic regulatory elements in individual viable mammalian cells. Kerr WG; Nolan GP; Herzenberg LA Immunol Suppl 2: 74-8; discussion 79 (1989) Using a newly developed FACS method for quantifying the expression of the Escherischia coli lacZ reporter gene in viable mammalian cells, we have obtained cloned cell lines in which the expression of 90035093 fos and jun interaction: the role of the leucine zipper. Ransone LJ; Visvader J; Lamph WW; Sassone-Corsi P; Verma IM Int J Cancer Suppl 4: 10-21 (1989) Jun and fos oncoproteins form a complex which regulates transcription from promoters containing AP-I binding sites. The "leucine zipper" domain of both fos and jun is necessary for the formation of th90035654 Fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor beta repress transcription of the myogenic regulatory gene MyoD1. Vaidya TB; Rhodes SJ; Taparowsky EJ; Konieczny SF Mol Cell Biol 9: 3576-9 (1989) In this report, we demonstrate that myogenic cultures inhibited from differentiating by treatment with fibroblast growth factor or transforming growth factor beta show reduced levels of MyoD1 mRNA. Al90014819 Transcription factors and recessive oncogenes in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer. Minna JD; Schutte J; Viallet J; Thomas F; Kaye FJ; Takahashi T; Nau M; Whang-Peng J; Birrer M; Gazdar AF Int J Cancer Suppl 4: 32-4 (1989) 90035659 Sequence-specific recognition of RNA hairpins by bacteriophage antiterminators requires a conserved arginine-rich motif. Lazinski D; Grzadzielska E; Das A Cell 59: 207-18 (1989) We have dissected the protein and nucleic acid determinants that direct a group of transcriptional antiterminators to their specific target operons. These antiterminators, the N gene products of phage90003230 The liver-specific transcription factor LF-B1 contains a highly diverged homeobox DNA binding domain. Frain M; Swart G; Monaci P; Nicosia A; Stampfli S; Frank R; Cortese R Cell 59: 145-57 (1989) The nuclear protein LF-B1 (also referred to as HNF-1) is a transcription activator required for the expression of several liver-specific genes. LF-B1 has been purified to homogeneity from rat liver nu90003224 Identification of thyrotroph-specific factors and cis-acting sequences of the murine thyrotropin beta subunit gene. Alexander LM; Gordon DF; Wood WM; Kao MY; Ridgway EC; Gutierrez-Hartmann A Mol Endocrinol 3: 1037-45 (1989) Pituitary thyrotroph cells specialize in the synthesis of TSH, and thus represent a model to study cell-specific gene expression. We have used the murine TSH beta (mTSH beta) gene promoter and TSH-pro90014823 Regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 action by multiple transducing pathways: evidence for both G protein-dependent and -independent signaling. Howe PH; Bascom CC; Cunningham MR; Leof EB Cancer Res 49: 6024-31 (1989) The effects of cholera toxin (CT) on transforming growth factor beta 1-stimulated protooncogene expression, [gamma-35S]GTP binding, GTPase activity and growth under anchorage-independent and -dependen90002981 Structure and expression of the rat c-jun messenger RNA: tissue distribution and increase during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Sakai M; Okuda A; Hatayama I; Sato K; Nishi S; Muramatsu M Cancer Res 49: 5633-7 (1989) c-jun is the cellular homologue of the recently isolated nuclear oncogene v-jun. This protooncogene encodes the cellular transcription factor AP-1. We have isolated the complementary DNA clone of rat 90002916 Tryptophan and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate compete for binding to trp repressor. Chou WY; Bieber C; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 264: 18309-13 (1989) Anilinonaphthalenesulfonate (ANS) and tryptophan compete for binding to the trp repressor protein; thus, the fluorescence decrease associated with ANS dissociation can be used as a fluorometric marker90036918 Serine to cysteine mutations in trp repressor protein alter tryptophan and operator binding. Chou WY; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 264: 18314-9 (1989) The tryptophan repressor regulates expression of the aroH, trpEDCBA, and trpR operons in Escherichia coli. The protein contains no cysteine residues, and the presence of this reactive side chain would90036919 Gene activity during the early phase of androgen-stimulated rat prostate regrowth. Katz AE; Benson MC; Wise GJ; Olsson CA; Bandyk MG; Sawczuk IS; Tomashefsky P; Buttyan R Cancer Res 49: 5889-94 (1989) Androgenic steroids regulate the proliferation rate of normal and malignant prostate cells. In order to investigate the molecular basis of this control, we utilized Northern and Western blot technique90002958 The transcriptional response of the human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit gene to cAMP is cycloheximide sensitive and is mediated by cis-acting sequences different from that found in the alpha-subFenstermaker RA; Milsted A; Virgin JB; Miller WL; Nilson JH Mol Endocrinol 3: 1070-6 (1989) Cyclic AMP stimulates transcription of the genes encoding the alpha- and beta-subunits of human CG (hCG). Although the cis-acting cAMP response element (CRE) of the alpha-subunit gene has been extensi90014827 Activation of the second promoter of the transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene by transforming growth factor-beta 1 and phorbol ester occurs through the same target sequences. Kim SJ; Denhez F; Kim KY; Holt JT; Sporn MB; Roberts AB J Biol Chem 264: 19373-8 (1989) Two distinct regions of the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) promoter are responsive to autoregulation and activation by phorbol ester (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate): sequences l90037078 The Oct-1 homoeodomain directs formation of a multiprotein-DNA complex with the HSV transactivator VP16. Stern S; Tanaka M; Herr W Nature 341: 624-30 (1989) The herpes simplex virus transactivator VP16 participates in the formation of a multiprotein-DNA complex with the ubiquitous octamer-motif-binding factor Oct-1. Complex formation is dependent on speci90015184 Fibroblast growth factor enhances type beta 1 transforming growth factor gene expression in osteoblast-like cells. Noda M; Vogel R J Cell Biol 109: 2529-35 (1989) Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and type beta transforming growth factor (TGF beta) are potent modulators of proliferation and differentiation in many types of cells. TGF beta acts in an autocrine mann90037245 Enucleation of the rat pheochromocytoma clonal cell line, PC12: effect on neurite outgrowth. Nichols RA; Chandler CE; Shooter EM J Cell Physiol 141: 301-9 (1989) The effect of removal of PC12 cell nuclei on neurite outgrowth was studied. Enucleation (80-90%) was accomplished in the presence of cytochalasin B using a centrifugation technique that exploited the 90037257 Regulation of the IL-2 receptor alpha-gene. Interaction of a kappa B binding protein with cell-specific transcription factors. Freimuth WW; Depper JM; Nabel GJ J Immunol 143: 3064-8 (1989) The IL-2R alpha enhancer contains an 11 bp sequence that resembles kappa B, a regulatory element associated with several genes, including Ig kappa-L chain and human immunodeficiency virus. Although nu90038546 Regulation of systemic macrophage IL-1 gene transcription: the involvement of tumor-derived macrophage growth factor, CSF-1. Evans R; Duffy TM; Blake SS; Lin HS J Leukoc Biol 46: 428-33 (1989) Previous data indicated that progressive growth of the C57BL/6J sarcoma, MCA/76-9, was associated with a systemic increase in the level of IL-1 activity in peritoneal and tumor-associated macrophages.90038928 Identification of a novel retinoic acid receptor in regenerative tissues of the newt. Ragsdale CW Jr; Petkovich M; Gates PB; Chambon P; Brockes JP Nature 341: 654-7 (1989) In urodele amphibians, the progenitor cells that regenerate amputated limbs (known as the blastema) normally replace only the missing structures. After systemic delivery of retinoic acid (RA), more pr90015190 Regulation of the human chorionic gonadotrophin beta subunit genes. Boime I; Otani T; Otani F; Chaplin D J Reprod Fertil Suppl 37: 1-10 (1989) 90040424 Cooperative tandem binding of met repressor of Escherichia coli. Phillips SE; Manfield I; Parsons I; Davidson BE; Rafferty JB; Somers WS; Margarita D; Cohen GN; Saint-Girons I; Stockley PG Nature 341: 711-5 (1989) We present biochemical and genetic data to support the hypothesis that the Escherichia coli met repressor, MetJ, binds to synthetic and natural operator sequences in tandem arrays such that repression90015214 Expression of c-myc, c-Ha-ras1, and c-erbB-2 proto-oncogenes in normal and malignant human breast epithelial cells. Benz CC; Scott GK; Santos GF; Smith HS J Natl Cancer Inst 81: 1704-9 (1989) Short-term cultures of normal human mammary epithelial cells were used to determine the extent to which c-myc, c-Ha-ras1, and c-erbB-2 proto-oncogenes were expressed in proliferating normal cells. Thi90040766 Glutamate receptor agonists increase the expression of Fos, Fra, and AP-1 DNA binding activity in the mammalian brain. Sonnenberg JL; Mitchelmore C; Macgregor-Leon PF; Hempstead J; Morgan JI; Curran T J Neurosci Res 24: 72-80 (1989) Administration of convulsant doses of Metrazole (pentylenetetrazol) and picrotoxin, as well as maximal electroshock, results in a rapid but transient increase in c-fos mRNA in mouse brain. Elevation o90040820 The LexA protein does not bind specifically to the two SOS box-like sequences immediately 5' to the phr gene. Payne NS; Sancar A Mutat Res 218: 207-10 (1989) There are two SOS box-like sequences located at the regions -161 to -142 and -69 to -50 with regard to the initiation codon of phr. Ihara et al. (1987) constructed a phr'-'lacZ fusion plasmid in which90043822 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 mRNAs are produced by a small fraction of blood mononuclear cells. Wimperis JZ; Niemeyer CM; Sieff CA; Mathey-Prevot B; Nathan DG; Arceci RJ Blood 74: 1525-30 (1989) Northern blot analysis has identified granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) mRNA in monocytes and both GM-CSF and interleukin-3 (IL-3) mRNA in lymphocytes. However, these results h90001530 "Activated"-RecA protein affinity chromatography of LexA repressor and other SOS-regulated proteins. Freitag N; McEntee K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 8363-7 (1989) We have developed an affinity column to study the interaction of LexA repressor and other substrates with the activated form of RecA protein. Nucleoprotein complexes of RecA protein, (dT)25-30, and ad90046797 Expression of c-jun protooncogene in human myelomonocytic cells. Bertani A; Polentarutti N; Sica A; Rambaldi A; Mantovani A; Colotta F Blood 74: 1811-6 (1989) A prototypic "immediate early" gene, c-fos, has been extensively investigated in relation to the differentiation and activation of myelomonocytic cells. The c-fos gene product is associated in transcr90001571 The repression of the growth factor-inducible genes JE, c-myc and stromelysin by adenovirus E1A is mediated by conserved region 1. van Dam H; Offringa R; Smits AM; Bos JL; Jones NC; van der Eb AJ Oncogene 4: 1207-12 (1989) The growth factor-inducible cellular genes JE, c-myc and stromelysin (sml) are strongly repressed upon transformation by adenovirus E1A. As E1A proteins are multifunctional and apparently contain dist90016287 Nerve growth factor mRNA and protein increase in hypothalamus in a mouse model of aggression. Spillantini MG; Aloe L; Alleva E; De Simone R; Goedert M; Levi-Montalcini R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 8555-9 (1989) The effects of intermale aggressive behavior induced by social isolation on the level of nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA and protein were investigated in central and peripheral mouse tissues. A large i90046836 In vitro binding of the bacteriophage f1 gene V protein to the gene II RNA-operator and its DNA analog. Michel B; Zinder ND Nucleic Acids Res 17: 7333-44 (1989) We have investigated the binding of the f1 single-stranded DNA-binding protein (gene V protein) to DNA oligonucleotides and RNA synthesized in vitro. The first 16 nucleotides of the f1 gene II mRNA le90016795 Temporal expression and location of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and its receptor in the female reproductive tract are consistent with CSF-1-regulated placental development. Arceci RJ; Shanahan F; Stanley ER; Pollard JW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 8818-22 (1989) During pregnancy the mouse uterine epithelial synthesis of the mononuclear phagocyte growth factor designated colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) is regulated by female sex steroids. To study the role90046883 In vivo footprinting of a muscle specific enhancer by ligation mediated PCR. Mueller PR; Wold B Science 246: 780-6 (1989) In vivo protein-DNA interactions at the developmentally regulated enhancer of the mouse muscle creatine kinase (MCK) gene were examined by a newly developed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) footprintin90049200 Cognate DNA binding specificity retained after leucine zipper exchange between GCN4 and C/EBP. Agre P; Johnson PF; McKnight SL Science 246: 922-6 (1989) Both C/EBP and GCN4 are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that control gene expression. Recent evidence implicates C/EBP as a transcriptional regulator of genes involved in lipid and carbohydrate90049227 Studies of expression of the DQ beta promoter and its 5' deletion derivatives in normal and mutant human B cell lines. Sakurai M; Strominger JL Tissue Antigens 34: 64-77 (1989) A series of 5' deletion test plasmids harboring promoter sequences of the HLA-DQ beta gene fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene were constructed. Transient CAT expressi90050095 Transcriptional regulation of immunoglobulin heavy chain and T-cell receptor beta chain genes. McDougall S; Eaton S; Peterson CL; Calame K Adv Exp Med Biol 254: 77-86 (1989) We have identified factors that bind to functionally important regions in IgH chain promoters and enhancer. One promoter factors is identical to u-EBP-E, an enhancer binding protein. Several promoter-90052865 Dissociation of cellular proliferation and c-myc expression by buttercup extract. Baker V; Shrestha K; Thomas S; Rigsbee D; Hunter D; Sanchez J; Wheeler R; Miller DM Am J Med Sci 298: 283-8 (1989) Buttercup extract (BE), an extract of the buttercup plant (Zanthoriza simplicissima), inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis by HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. Exposure of these cells to 3% BE for 48 hour90053653 NF-kappa B as inducible transcriptional activator of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene. Schreck R; Baeuerle PA Mol Cell Biol 10: 1281-6 (1990) The expression of the gene encoding the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is induced upon activation of T cells with phytohemagglutinin and active phorbolester and upon express90158596 The DNA-binding activity of transcription factor PTF1 parallels the synthesis of pancreas-specific mRNAs during mouse development. Petrucco S; Wellauer PK; Hagenbuchle O Mol Cell Biol 10: 254-64 (1990) We have studied the expression of the alpha-amylase, trypsin, and elastase II genes in the acinar pancreas during mouse development. Transcriptional control is the major mechanism by which the differe90097834 Sgs-3 chromatin structure and trans-activators: developmental and ecdysone induction of a glue enhancer-binding factor, GEBF-I, in Drosophila larvae. Georgel P; Ramain P; Giangrande A; Dretzen G; Richards G; Bellard M Mol Cell Biol 11: 523-32 (1991) The transcription of the Drosophila melanogaster 68C salivary gland glue gene Sgs-3 involves the interaction of a distal and a proximal regulatory region. These are marked in vivo by a specific chroma91094868 Induction of immediate early response genes by macrophage colony-stimulating factor in normal human monocytes. Mufson RA J Immunol 145: 2333-9 (1990) A group of coordinately induced protooncogenes, cytoskeletal, and extracellular matrix genes have been termed immediate early response genes, and their induction has been associated with growth factor90375934 A transcriptionally active form of TFIIIC is modified in poliovirus-infected HeLa cells. Clark ME; Dasgupta A Mol Cell Biol 10: 5106-13 (1990) In HeLa cells, RNA polymerase III (pol III)-mediated transcription is severely inhibited by poliovirus infection. This inhibition is due primarily to the reduction in transcriptional activity of the p90377200 Different members of the jun proto-oncogene family exhibit distinct patterns of expression in response to type beta transforming growth factor. Li L; Hu JS; Olson EN J Biol Chem 265: 1556-62 (1990) Type beta transforming growth factor (TGF-beta) is a multifunctional regulator of cell growth and differentiation. In the BC3H1 muscle cell line, TGF-beta blocks the onset of differentiation when adde90110219 Induction of the proto-oncogene c-jun by angiotensin II. Naftilan AJ; Gilliland GK; Eldridge CS; Kraft AS Mol Cell Biol 10: 5536-40 (1990) Angiotensin (Ang) II causes hypertrophy of rat aortic smooth muscle cells in culture and results in the rapid activation of c-fos. This study demonstrated that Ang II also activated c-jun and, in addi90377247 Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of a bacterial transcriptional activator by a transmembrane receptor. Igo MM; Ninfa AJ; Stock JB; Silhavy TJ Genes Dev 3: 1725-34 (1989) Signal transduction in the bacterial Omp, Che, and Ntr systems involves the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of response regulators (OmpR, CheY and CheB, NRI) that share a homologous domain. We s90108668 Induction of the transcription factor IRF-1 and interferon-beta mRNAs by cytokines and activators of second-messenger pathways. Fujita T; Reis LF; Watanabe N; Kimura Y; Taniguchi T; Vilcek J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 9936-40 (1989) Nuclear protein IRF-1 (interferon regulatory factor 1) was earlier shown to bind to cis-acting regulatory elements present on interferon (IFN)-alpha/beta genes and some IFN-inducible genes. Here we sh90099377 Transcriptional regulation of the transforming growth factor beta 1 promoter by v-src gene products is mediated through the AP-1 complex. Birchenall-Roberts MC; Ruscetti FW; Kasper J; Lee HD; Friedman R; Geiser A; Sporn MB; Roberts AB; Kim SJ Mol Cell Biol 10: 4978-83 (1990) Growth factor-independent 32D-src and 32D-abl cell lines, established by infecting the interleukin-3-dependent myeloid precursor cell line (32D-123) with retroviruses containing the src or abl oncogen90356020 Nerve growth factor regulates tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription through a nucleoprotein complex that contains c-Fos. Gizang-Ginsberg E; Ziff EB Genes Dev 4: 477-91 (1990) We have studied nerve growth factor (NGF) regulation of the expression of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene in PC12 cells. The TH gene encodes the initial and rate-limiting enzyme of the catecholamin90299121 Transcriptional activation by TGF beta 1 mediated by the dyad symmetry element (DSE) and the TPA responsive element (TRE). de Groot RP; Kruijer W Biochem Biophys Res Commun 168: 1074-81 (1990) Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) is a multifunctional regulator of growth and differentiation. However, both cytoplasmatic and nuclear signal transduction mechanisms leading to the biolo90267445 Inhibition of PC-12 cell differentiation by the immediate early gene fra-1. Ito E; Sweterlitsch LA; Tran PB; Rauscher FJ 3d; Narayanan R Oncogene 5: 1755-60 (1990) The rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC-12) offers a powerful in vitro model to study the mechanism of growth factor-induced differentiation and proliferation. Within minutes of addition, agents such a91133725 The regulation and function of c-fos and other immediate early genes in the nervous system. Sheng M; Greenberg ME Neuron 4: 477-85 (1990) 90211964 Cell adhesion to collagen and decreased myogenic gene expression implicated in the control of myogenesis by transforming growth factor beta. Heino J; Massague J J Biol Chem 265: 10181-4 (1990) Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is an inhibitor of skeletal muscle myoblast differentiation. Myoblast differentiation is dependent on the expression of certain myogenic differentiation 90285128 Developmentally regulated interactions of liver nuclear factors with the rat phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter. Trus M; Benvenisty N; Cohen H; Reshef L Mol Cell Biol 10: 2418-22 (1990) A sequential pattern of interactions of trans-acting factors in rat liver with the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase promoter during late development was observed. A liver-enriched factor, possibly AF90220629 Autoinduction of transforming growth factor beta 1 is mediated by the AP-1 complex. Kim SJ; Angel P; Lafyatis R; Hattori K; Kim KY; Sporn MB; Karin M; Roberts AB Mol Cell Biol 10: 1492-7 (1990) The multifunctional actions of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) indicate that it has a pivotal control function in many physiological and pathological processes. An important property of90205827 Transcriptional activation of a conserved sequence element by ras requires a nuclear factor distinct from c-fos or c-jun. Owen RD; Ostrowski MC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3866-70 (1990) The expression of transforming growth factor beta type 1 mRNA was increased by conditional expression of ras. A 31-base-pair sequence found approximately 420 base pairs upstream of the gene encoding h90251658 Transcriptional control of the human Harvey ras proto-oncogene: role of multiple elements in the promoter region. Nagase T; Ueno Y; Ishii S Gene 94: 249-53 (1990) In the promoter region of the human c-Ha-ras1 gene, multiple elements for transcriptional control are dispersed. To examine the role of each element, we made a series of deletion mutants of this promo91078647 Differences in transcriptional enhancers of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Response to T cell activation signals. Tong-Starksen SE; Welsh TM; Peterlin BM J Immunol 145: 4348-54 (1990) T cell activation results in high levels of HIV replication and is thought to be one mechanism leading to the conversion from latent to active viral infection. In HIV-1, the sequences that respond to 91079526 Regulatory effects of transforming growth factor-beta on IL-2- and IL-4-dependent T cell-cycle progression. Ruegemer JJ; Ho SN; Augustine JA; Schlager JW; Bell MP; McKean DJ; Abraham RT J Immunol 144: 1767-76 (1990) Previous studies suggested that the potent immunosuppressive activities of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) were mediated in part through the inhibition of IL-2-dependent S-phase progression90171569 Effect of a dominant inhibitory Ha-ras mutation on neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Szeberenyi J; Cai H; Cooper GM Mol Cell Biol 10: 5324-32 (1990) A dominant inhibitory mutation of Ha-ras which changes Ser-17 to Asn-17 in the gene product p21 [p21 (Asn-17)Ha-ras] has been used to investigate the role of ras in neuronal differentiation of PC12 ce90377222 wimp, a dominant maternal-effect mutation, reduces transcription of a specific subset of segmentation genes in Drosophila. Parkhurst SM; Ish-Horowicz D Genes Dev 5: 341-57 (1991) wimp is a dominant maternal-effect mutation that interacts with a specific subset of early-acting maternal and zygotic Drosophila genes. We show that wimp is a change-of-function mutation, allelic to 91160968 The maize regulatory locus Opaque-2 encodes a DNA-binding protein which activates the transcription of the b-32 gene. Lohmer S; Maddaloni M; Motto M; Di Fonzo N; Hartings H; Salamini F; Thompson RD EMBO J 10: 617-24 (1991) The maize locus, Opaque-2, controls the expression in developing endosperm of structural genes encoding a family of storage proteins, the 22 kd zeins, and an abundant albumin, termed b-32. It is shown91160516 Inhibitory action of phospholipid-interacting drugs on transcription initiation in a nuclear extract of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Hirai H; Natori S; Sekimizu K Biochim Biophys Acta 1088: 191-6 (1991) Drugs with affinity for phospholipids, such as chlorpromazine, verapamil, tetracaine and imipramine, were found to inhibit accurate transcription from adenovirus 2 major late promoter in a nuclear ext91159470 Transcriptional activation of the human papillomavirus-16 P97 promoter by an 88-nucleotide enhancer containing distinct cell-dependent and AP-1-responsive modules. Cripe TP; Alderborn A; Anderson RD; Parkkinen S; Bergman P; Haugen TH; Pettersson U; Turek LP New Biol 2: 450-63 (1990) The P97 promoter upstream of the oncogenic early genes of human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 is active in keratinocytes and in cervical carcinoma cells due to a 5' keratinocyte-dependent cis enhancer. In t91145350 Fos-jun and the primary genomic response in the nervous system. Possible physiological role and pathophysiological significance. Doucet JP; Squinto SP; Bazan NG Mol Neurobiol 4: 27-55 (1990) 91166770 Affinity-purified CCAAT-box-binding protein (YEBP) functionally regulates expression of a human class II major histocompatibility complex gene and the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene. Zeleznik-Le NJ; Azizkhan JC; Ting JP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 1873-7 (1991) Efficient major histocompatibility complex class II gene expression requires conserved protein-binding promoter elements, including X and Y elements. We affinity purified an HLA-DRA Y-element (CCAAT)-91156708 Role of integration host factor in the regulation of the glnHp2 promoter of Escherichia coli. Claverie-Martin F; Magasanik B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 1631-5 (1991) The glnHPQ operon of Escherichia coli encodes components of the high-affinity glutamine transport system. One of the two promoters of this operon, glnHp2, is responsible for expression of the operon u91156662 A functional interaction between the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II and the negative regulator SIN1. Peterson CL; Kruger W; Herskowitz I Cell 64: 1135-43 (1991) The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of yeast RNA polymerase II contains 26-27 tandem copies of a conserved heptapeptide of unknown function. Yeast strains whose CTD contains ten heptame91168261 A highly conserved intronic sequence is involved in transcriptional regulation of the alpha 1(I) collagen gene. Liska DJ; Slack JL; Bornstein P Cell Regul 1: 487-98 (1990) The first intron of the human alpha 1(I) collagen gene contains a positive, orientation-dependent cis-acting sequence located between bases +292 and +670. Transient transfection experiments indicate t91167573 Co-induction of jun B and c-fos in a subset of neurons in the spinal cord. Naranjo JR; Mellstrom B; Achaval M; Lucas JJ; Del Rio J; Sassone-Corsi P Oncogene 6: 223-7 (1991) Noxious stimulation in vivo provokes the transcriptional activation of several genes which are thought to play an important role in the phenomena of stress and pain. In the rat, the expression of the 91156295 A naturally occurring truncated form of FosB that inhibits Fos/Jun transcriptional activity. Nakabeppu Y; Nathans D Cell 64: 751-9 (1991) Fos and Jun transcription factors are induced by a variety of extracellular signaling agents. We describe here an unusual member of the Fos family that is also induced, namely, a truncated form of Fos91145995 Elevation of AP1 activity during F9 cell differentiation is due to increased c-jun transcription. Yang-Yen HF; Chiu R; Karin M New Biol 2: 351-61 (1990) The regulation of jun family genes and AP1 activity during the course of differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma stem cells was investigated. The induction of differentiation by retinoic acid (RA) l91145338 IP-1: a dominant inhibitor of Fos/Jun whose activity is modulated by phosphorylation. Auwerx J; Sassone-Corsi P Cell 64: 983-93 (1991) Transcription factor AP-1 is inducible by phorbol esters and thus could be considered to be one final target of the protein kinase C signal transduction pathway. AP-1 consists of the products of the f91160062 Regulation of c-jun expression and AP-1 enhancer activity by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Adunyah SE; Unlap TM; Wagner F; Kraft AS J Biol Chem 266: 5670-5 (1991) Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates the growth and differentiation of human hematopoietic progenitor cells by activating transcription of specific genes. The mechanism91170238 Phenotype suppression: a postulated molecular mechanism for mediating the relationship of proliferation and differentiation by Fos/Jun interactions at AP-1 sites in steroid responsive promoter elementLian JB; Stein GS; Bortell R; Owen TA J Cell Biochem 45: 9-14 (1991) There is a generalized reciprocal relationship between cell growth and expression of genes that occurs following completion of proliferation, which supports the progressive development of cell and tis91170359 Mechanism of action of an acidic transcriptional activator in vitro. Lin YS; Green MR Cell 64: 971-81 (1991) Transcription of a eukaryotic structural gene by RNA polymerase II requires the ordered assembly of general transcription factors on the promoter to form a pre-initiation complex. Here we analyze affi91160061 Ligation of membrane Ig leads to calcium-mediated phosphorylation of the proto-oncogene product, Ets-1. Fisher CL; Ghysdael J; Cambier JC J Immunol 146: 1743-9 (1991) Recent studies have demonstrated that the nuclear protein, Ets-1, which is preferentially expressed in lymphocytes, binds to the long terminal repeat of Moloney murine sarcoma virus and HTLV-1 and reg91170707 Binding of a nuclear factor to the upstream region of the c-myc gene. Saksela K; Koskinen PJ; Alitalo K Oncogene Res 6: 73-6 (1991) We have studied the binding of proteins to a synthetic DNA fragment corresponding to a 21 base pair sequence in the upstream region of the human c-myc gene. This sequence has previously been reported 91149081 Ecdysterone regulatory elements function as both transcriptional activators and repressors. Dobens L; Rudolph K; Berger EM Mol Cell Biol 11: 1846-53 (1991) A synthetic, 23-bp ecdysterone regulatory element (EcRE), derived from the upstream region of the Drosophila melanogaster hsp27 gene, was inserted adjacent to the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase91172168 Identification and characterization of a novel enhancer for the rat neu promoter. Yan DH; Hung MC Mol Cell Biol 11: 1875-82 (1991) We used chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assays to identify and characterize cis-acting elements responsible for rat neu promoter function. Deletion of a region of the neu promoter (-504 to -3191172172 Repression of hsp70 heat shock gene transcription by the suppressor of hairy-wing protein of Drosophila melanogaster. Holdridge C; Dorsett D Mol Cell Biol 11: 1894-900 (1991) The suppressor of hairy-wing [su(Hw)] locus of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a zinc finger protein that binds a repeated motif in the gypsy retroposon. Mutations of su(Hw) suppress the phenotypes as91172174 Generating yeast transcriptional activators containing no yeast protein sequences. Ruden DM; Ma J; Li Y; Wood K; Ptashne M Nature 350: 250-2 (1991) We previously reported that roughly 1% of the short peptides encoded by Escherichia coli genomic DNA fragments act as transcriptional activating regions in yeast when fused to GAL4(1-147), a DNA-bindi91172324 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein gene promoter: binding of nuclear factors during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Christy RJ; Kaestner KH; Geiman DE; Lane MD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 2593-7 (1991) Differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes is accompanied by increased expression of the nuclear protein C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer binding protein) and by transcriptional activation of a grou91172853 Repression of HIV-1 transcription by a cellular protein. Kato H; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Science 251: 1476-9 (1991) A cellular DNA binding protein, LBP-1, sequentially interacts in a concentration-dependent manner with two sites that surround the transcriptional initiation site of the human immunodeficiency virus t91173307 Cytoplasmic transcription system encoded by vaccinia virus. Moss B; Ahn BY; Amegadzie B; Gershon PD; Keck JG J Biol Chem 266: 1355-8 (1991) 91107616 Participation of the TATA factor in transcription of the yeast U6 gene by RNA polymerase C. Margottin F; Dujardin G; Gerard M; Egly JM; Huet J; Sentenac A Science 251: 424-6 (1991) Fractionation of transcription extracts has led to the identification of multiple transcription factors specific for each form of nuclear RNA polymerase. Accurate transcription in vitro of the yeast U91111099 Influenza A virus in vitro transcription: roles of NS1 and NP proteins in regulating RNA synthesis. Skorko R; Summers DF; Galarza JM Virology 180: 668-77 (1991) To study the mechanisms by which the influenza A virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase switches from transcription to replication we have devised a riboprobe protection technique with which we analyzed t91111985 Characterization of the interaction of transformed rat hepatic cytosolic Ah receptor with a dioxin responsive transcriptional enhancer. Denison MS; Yao EF Arch Biochem Biophys 284: 158-66 (1991) Many of the biological and toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin), a highly toxic environmental contaminant, are mediated by a soluble intracellular protein (the Ah recept91112787 TNF induces c-fos via a novel pathway requiring conversion of arachidonic acid to a lipoxygenase metabolite. Haliday EM; Ramesha CS; Ringold G EMBO J 10: 109-15 (1991) Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), a lymphokine released by activated macrophages, has diverse effects on a wide variety of cell types. TNF exerts these effects via specific cell surface receptors; however91114692 Transcriptional activation and DNA binding by the erythroid factor GF-1/NF-E1/Eryf 1. Martin DI; Orkin SH Genes Dev 4: 1886-98 (1990) The murine, erythroid DNA-binding protein GF-1 (also known as NF-E1, Eryf 1), a 413-amino acid polypeptide with two novel finger domains of the Cx-Cx variety, recognizes a consensus GATA motif present91115078 Modulation of the IgH enhancer's cell type specificity through a genetic switch. Ruezinsky D; Beckmann H; Kadesch T Genes Dev 5: 29-37 (1991) Using defined regions of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer linked to minimal promoters and cDNAs that encode the two helix-loop-helix transcription factors ITF-1 and TFE3, we demonstrate that ac91115096 Fission yeast genes that confer resistance to staurosporine encode an AP-1-like transcription factor and a protein kinase related to the mammalian ERK1/MAP2 and budding yeast FUS3 and KSS1 kinases. Toda T; Shimanuki M; Yanagida M Genes Dev 5: 60-73 (1991) Staurosporine, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C, arrests fission yeast cell elongation specifically at a stage immediately after cell division. We isolated two genes, which, when carried on mult91115099 Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human and rat Na,K-ATPase alpha 3 gene. Pathak BG; Pugh DG; Lingrel JB Genomics 8: 641-7 (1990) Genomic clones containing the 5'-flanking region and exon 1 of the human and rat Na,K-ATPase alpha 3 isoform gene have been isolated and characterized. The nucleotide sequences of 1.6 kb of the rat ge91115320 A GCN4 protein recognition element is not sufficient for GCN4-dependent regulation of transcription in the ARO7 promoter of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Schmidheini T; Mosch HU; Graf R; Braus GH Mol Gen Genet 224: 57-64 (1990) The gene ARO7 encodes the monofunctional enzyme chorismate mutase, a branch point enzyme in the aromatic amino acid biosynthetic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We investigated the transcription 91117177 Induction of "General Control" and thermotolerance in cdc mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Messenguy F; Scherens B Mol Gen Genet 224: 257-63 (1990) In Saccharomyces cerevisiae starvation for a single amino acid activates the transcription of a set of genes belonging to different amino acid biosynthetic pathways (General Control, GC). We show that91117193 UHF-1, a factor required for maximal transcription of early and late sea urchin histone H4 genes: analysis of promoter-binding sites. Lee IJ; Tung L; Bumcrot DA; Weinberg ES Mol Cell Biol 11: 1048-61 (1991) A protein, denoted UHF-1, was found to bind upstream of the transcriptional start site of both the early and late H4 (EH4 and LH4) histone genes of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. A nucl91117207 Transcription complex disruption caused by a transition in chromatin structure. Almouzni G; Mechali M; Wolffe AP Mol Cell Biol 11: 655-65 (1991) Chromatin structure is known to influence class III gene expression in vitro. We describe the active transcription of Xenopus class III genes following replication and assembly into chromatin by using91117231 Extracellular signals that regulate liver transcription factors during hepatic differentiation in vitro. Liu JK; DiPersio CM; Zaret KS Mol Cell Biol 11: 773-84 (1991) A complex cell culture environment has been shown to maintain the differentiated state of hepatocytes, yet the mechanisms by which environmental cues selectively maintain liver-specific gene transcrip91117244 trans-Activation of a globin promoter in nonerythroid cells. Evans T; Felsenfeld G Mol Cell Biol 11: 843-53 (1991) We show that expression in fibroblasts of a single cDNA, encoding the erythroid DNA-binding protein Eryf1 (GF-1, NF-E1), very efficiently activates transcription of a chicken alpha-globin promoter, tr91117251 Functional analysis of cis-linked regulatory sequences in the HLA DRA promoter by transcription in vitro. Hume CR; Lee JS Tissue Antigens 36: 108-15 (1990) Two consensus sequences, called X and Y boxes, capable of binding nuclear proteins and regulating expression in B cells have been defined within the immediate upstream region of major histocompatibili91118160 A ubiquitous nuclear protein stimulates the DNA-binding activity of fos and jun indirectly. Abate C; Luk D; Curran T Cell Growth Differ 1: 455-62 (1990) The protooncogenes c-fos and c-jun encode nuclear proteins (fos and jun, respectively) that function cooperatively as a heterodimeric protein complex in the regulation of gene transcription. These pro91120136 A direct role for c-fos in AP-1-dependent gene transcription. Herrera R; Agarwal S; Walton K; Satterberg B; Distel RJ; Goodman R; Spiegelman BM; Roberts TM Cell Growth Differ 1: 483-90 (1990) Transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a protein fraction that contains c-fos, c-jun, and several other related proteins. Although this protein fraction can stimulate transcription in vitr91120139 From cell code to gene code: cytokines and transcription factors. Muegge K; Durum SK New Biol 1: 239-46 (1989) Cytokines are polypeptides released by host cells during immune responses against foreign agents. Cytokines serve as intercellular messengers and induce transcription of a variety of genes in many dif91120686 TA TA to simple models. Regulation of Eukaryotic mRNA Transcription sponsored by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA, September 6-10, 1989. Cross SL New Biol 1: 256-9 (1989) 91120689 Regulation of transcription and cell identity by POU domain proteins. Ruvkun G; Finney M Cell 64: 475-8 (1991) 91121503 Activation domains of stably bound GAL4 derivatives alleviate repression of promoters by nucleosomes. Workman JL; Taylor IC; Kingston RE Cell 64: 533-44 (1991) GAL4 derivatives containing an activation domain alleviated repression of a promoter during nucleosome assembly. A GAL4 derivative lacking an activation domain stably bound the promoter during nucleos91121510 Evidence for co-regulation of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase and metallothionein gene expression in yeast through transcriptional control by copper via the ACE 1 factor. Carri MT; Galiazzo F; Ciriolo MR; Rotilio G FEBS Lett 278: 263-6 (1991) Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain DTY26, lacking ACE1, the protein mediator for the induction of metallothionein gene expression, is unable to increase Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase mRNA in response91122299 Liver-enriched transcription factor HNF-4 is a novel member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Sladek FM; Zhong WM; Lai E; Darnell JE Jr Genes Dev 4: 2353-65 (1990) HNF-4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4) is a protein enriched in liver extracts that binds to sites required for the transcription of the genes for transthyretin (TTR), the carrier protein in the serum fo91122637 The use of competitive affinity chromatography for the isolation of proteins which promote transcription. Sanzo MA J Biochem Biophys Methods 21: 185-96 (1990) A method is described for isolating proteins which bind preferentially to specific sequences of DNA and is used to enrich preparations in proteins promoting eukaryotic gene transcription. An ion-excha91123653 Identification of cis and trans-elements involved in the timed control of a Caulobacter flagellar gene. Gober JW; Xu H; Dingwall AK; Shapiro L J Mol Biol 217: 247-57 (1991) The genes encoding the structural components of the Caulobacter crescentus flagellum are temporally controlled and their order of expression reflects the sequence of assembly. Transcription of the ope91124449 The influence of the Klebsiella pneumoniae regulatory gene nifL upon the transcriptional activator protein NifA. Morett E; Kreutzer R; Cannon W; Buck M Mol Microbiol 4: 1253-8 (1990) The influence of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL gene product upon the interaction of the transcriptional activator protein NifA with the nifH promoter has been examined using in vivo dimethylsulphate 91125127 Stimulation of TPA-responsive element activity by a cooperative action of insulin and estrogen in human breast cancer cells. van der Burg B; de Groot RP; Isbrucker L; Kruijer W; de Laat SW Mol Endocrinol 4: 1720-6 (1990) Approximately one third of the human breast tumors are estradiol (E2)-dependent in the initial stages of the disease. E2 is thought to stimulate growth indirectly, through induced production of autocr91125353 Amplification of the transcriptional signal mediated by the tandem cAMP response elements of the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene occurs through several distinct mechanisms. Andersen B; Kennedy GC; Hamernik DL; Bokar JA; Bohinski R; Nilson JH Mol Endocrinol 4: 573-82 (1990) cAMP stimulates transcription of the human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene in choriocarcinoma cells. Combined treatment with phorbol esters potentiates this effect. Tandem cAMP response elemen91125364 A unique point mutation in the human vitamin D receptor chromosomal gene confers hereditary resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Sone T; Marx SJ; Liberman UA; Pike JW Mol Endocrinol 4: 623-31 (1990) The syndrome of hereditary resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is due to defective function of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). The recent cloning and nucleotide sequence determination of the human VD91125370 A single site mutation in a truncated Fos protein allows it to interact with the TRE in vitro. Nicklin MJ; Casari G Oncogene 6: 173-9 (1991) The Fos and Jun proteins, which are components of the transcription factor AP1, associate through the interaction of their so-called leucine zipper domains and bind strongly and specifically to DNA at91125873 Negative supercoiling of DNA facilitates an interaction between transcription factor IID and the fibroin gene promoter. Mizutani M; Ohta T; Watanabe H; Handa H; Hirose S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 718-22 (1991) Transcription of the fibroin gene can be reconstituted with partially purified components from HeLa cells. Transcription factors IIB, IID, and IIE and RNA polymerase II are required for accurate initi91126066 Radiation-induced activation of transcription factors in mammalian cells. Kramer M; Stein B; Mai S; Kunz E; Konig H; Loferer H; Grunicke HH; Ponta H; Herrlich P; Rahmsdorf HJ Radiat Environ Biophys 29: 303-13 (1990) In mammalian cells radiation induces the enhanced transcription of several genes. The cis acting elements in the control region of inducible genes have been delimited by site directed mutagenesis. Sev91126202 Sequence-specific antirepression of histone H1-mediated inhibition of basal RNA polymerase II transcription. Croston GE; Kerrigan LA; Lira LM; Marshak DR; Kadonaga JT Science 251: 643-9 (1991) To understand the principles of control and selectivity in gene expression, the biochemical mechanisms by which promoter- and enhancer-binding factors regulate transcription by RNA polymerase II were 91126478 Glucocorticoid inhibition of transcription from adenovirus major late promoter. Mahajan PB; Thompson EA Jr Mol Endocrinol 4: 1515-21 (1990) Glucocorticoids inhibit proliferation of lymphosarcoma P1798 cells in culture. This is accompanied by inhibition of expression of class I as well as some class II genes. We have used the technique of 91133423 Clustered point mutation analysis of the rat prolactin promoter. Iverson RA; Day KH; d'Emden M; Day RN; Maurer RA Mol Endocrinol 4: 1564-71 (1990) To identify DNA regions important for basal and hormone-stimulated transcription of the rat PRL gene, a series of clustered point mutations were prepared within the immediate 5' flanking region. DNA f91133429 Estrogen stimulates transcription of c-jun protooncogene. Weisz A; Cicatiello L; Persico E; Scalona M; Bresciani F Mol Endocrinol 4: 1041-50 (1990) Estrogen is a mitogen for the rat uterus, where it induces transient activation of c-fos and c-myc protooncogene expression, followed by increases in DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. JUN-C, the p91133439 A potential transcriptional activation element in the p53 protein. O'Rourke RW; Miller CW; Kato GJ; Simon KJ; Chen DL; Dang CV; Koeffler HP Oncogene 5: 1829-32 (1990) The human p53 gene codes for a 393 amino acid nuclear phosphoprotein. p53 is most commonly described as a tumor suppressor, or anti-oncogene, although its role in vivo remains unclear. We report that 91133735 Induction of the HTLV-I LTR by Jun occurs through the Tax-responsive 21-bp elements. Jeang KT; Chiu R; Santos E; Kim SJ Virology 181: 218-27 (1991) The HTLV-I LTR is known to be induced by a variety of cellular signals. Tax protein is one potent viral trans-activator of LTR-directed transcription. We demonstrate here that Jun is another transcrip91134984 Activation and repression of transcription by the gap proteins hunchback and Kruppel in cultured Drosophila cells. Zuo P; Stanojevic D; Colgan J; Han K; Levine M; Manley JL Genes Dev 5: 254-64 (1991) We have studied the ability of the Drosophila gap proteins Kruppel and hunchback to function as transcriptional regulators in cultured cells. Both proteins bind to specific sites in a 100-bp DNA fragm91138959 Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgB, a two-component response regulator of the NtrC family, is required for algD transcription. Wozniak DJ; Ohman DE J Bacteriol 173: 1406-13 (1991) Most strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the respiratory tracts of cystic fibrosis patients have a mucoid colony morphology due to the synthesis of an expolysaccharide called alginate. The91139582 Variable role of the long terminal repeat Sp1-binding sites in human immunodeficiency virus replication in T lymphocytes. Parrott C; Seidner T; Duh E; Leonard J; Theodore TS; Buckler-White A; Martin MA; Rabson AB J Virol 65: 1414-9 (1991) The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) contains three binding sites for the transcriptional factor Sp1. In order to investigate the role that the Sp1-binding sites pl91140734 Transcriptional activation of cellular oncogenes fos, jun, and myc by human cytomegalovirus. Boldogh I; AbuBakar S; Deng CZ; Albrecht T J Virol 65: 1568-71 (1991) The mechanisms responsible for the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-induced increase in cellular oncogene RNAs for c-jun, c-fos, and c-myc in human embryo lung cells (I. Boldogh, S. AbuBakar, and T. Albre91140751 Recurring theme of changes in the transcriptional control region of BK virus during adaptation to cell culture. Rubinstein R; Schoonakker BC; Harley EH J Virol 65: 1600-4 (1991) BK virus, when cloned directly from human urine, shows no amplification in the transcriptional control region, unlike cell culture-passaged strains, but possesses an additional sequence element. To co91140757 Role of the mammalian transcription factors IIF, IIS, and IIX during elongation by RNA polymerase II. Bengal E; Flores O; Krauskopf A; Reinberg D; Aloni Y Mol Cell Biol 11: 1195-206 (1991) We have used a recently developed system that allows the isolation of complexes competent for RNA polymerase II elongation (E. Bengal, A. Goldring, and Y. Aloni, J. Biol. Chem. 264:18926-18932, 1989).91141467 Heat shock transcription factor activates transcription of the yeast metallothionein gene. Silar P; Butler G; Thiele DJ Mol Cell Biol 11: 1232-8 (1991) In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, transcription of the metallothionein gene CUP1 is induced by copper and silver. Strains with a complete deletion of the ACE1 gene, the copper-dependent activator91141471 Multiple basal promoter elements determine the level of human c-fos transcription. Runkel L; Shaw PE; Herrera RE; Hipskind RA; Nordheim A Mol Cell Biol 11: 1270-80 (1991) Three cis-acting domains that contribute to the basal promoter activity of the human c-fos gene were identified. One encompasses the serum response element and has been previously described. Another s91141475 Characterization of motifs which are critical for activity of the cyclic AMP-responsive transcription factor CREB. Gonzalez GA; Menzel P; Leonard J; Fischer WH; Montminy MR Mol Cell Biol 11: 1306-12 (1991) Cyclic AMP mediates the hormonal stimulation of a number of eukaryotic genes by directing the protein kinase A (PK-A)-dependent phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB. We have previously determi91141478 Dissection of the mouse N-ras gene upstream regulatory sequences and identification of the promoter and a negative regulatory element. Paciucci R; Pellicer A Mol Cell Biol 11: 1334-43 (1991) The 5' flanking region of the mouse N-ras gene was investigated to determine the elements governing transcriptional activity of the gene. The promoter did not contain typical TATA or CCAAT boxes, and 91141481 The ubiquitous transcription factor Oct-1 and the liver-specific factor HNF-1 are both required to activate transcription of a hepatitis B virus promoter. Zhou DX; Yen TS Mol Cell Biol 11: 1353-9 (1991) The liver-specific transcription factor HNF-1 activates transcription of several mammalian hepatocyte-specific genes. The hepatitis B virus preS1 promoter shows hepatocyte specificity, which has been 91141483 Sequences far downstream from the classical tRNA promoter elements bind RNA polymerase III transcription factors. Young LS; Rivier DH; Sprague KU Mol Cell Biol 11: 1382-92 (1991) We have examined the interaction of transcription factors TFIIIC and TFIIID with a silkworm alanine tRNA gene. Previous functional analysis showed that the promoter for this gene is unusually large co91141486 Common factor 1 is a transcriptional activator which binds in the c-myc promoter, the skeletal alpha-actin promoter, and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. Riggs KJ; Merrell KT; Wilson G; Calame K Mol Cell Biol 11: 1765-9 (1991) Ubiquitously expressed transcription factors play an integral role in establishing and regulating patterns of gene transcription. Common factor 1 (CF1) is a ubiquitously expressed DNA-binding protein 91141533 Mechanisms of restriction of viral gene expression during herpes simplex virus latency. Sears AE Adv Exp Med Biol 278: 211-7 (1990) 91143464 Molecular cloning and expression of a hexameric Drosophila heat shock factor subject to negative regulation. Clos J; Westwood JT; Becker PB; Wilson S; Lambert K; Wu C Cell 63: 1085-97 (1990) We report the cloning of the transcriptional activator of heat shock genes, HSF, from Drosophila. The predicted sequence of Drosophila HSF protein is surprisingly divergent from that of yeast HSF, exc91077922 [Protein-protein interactions on transcriptional regulation--concerned with adenovirus E4 gene] Watanabe H; Wada T; Usuda Y; Handa H Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 35: 2825-31 (1990) 91081538 A novel mechanism for eukaryotic gene expression. The involvement of DNA tertiary structure in estrogen receptor recognition of its target nucleotide sequence. Lannigan DA; Notides AC Biochem Pharmacol 40: 2579-85 (1990) 91083669 Expression of the liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein DBP follows a stringent circadian rhythm. Wuarin J; Schibler U Cell 63: 1257-66 (1990) The liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein DBP accumulates in hepatocytes of adult rats according to a strictly controlled circadian rhythm. DBP is not detectable in liver nuclei during the 91084854 Activating-transcription-factor (ATF) regulates human 7S L RNA transcription by RNA polymerase III in vivo and in vitro. Bredow S; Surig D; Muller J; Kleinert H; Benecke BJ Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6779-84 (1990) The gene-external part of the human 7S L promoter was analyzed by transcription in vitro and in vivo. Compared to the wild type promoter (-178), a -66 5'deletion mutant revealed full activity in vitro91088246 Characterization of a cellular factor which interacts functionally with Oct-1 in the assembly of a multicomponent transcription complex. Katan M; Haigh A; Verrijzer CP; van der Vliet PC; O'Hare P Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6871-80 (1990) Induction of transcription of the immediate-early (IE) genes of herpes simplex virus involves the assembly of a DNA-binding complex containing the viral protein Vmw65 and the cellular transcription fa91088259 BAP, a rat liver protein that activates transcription through a promoter element with similarity to the USF/MLTF binding site. Kugler W; Kaling M; Ross K; Wagner U; Ryffel GU Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6943-51 (1990) The vitellogenin genes of Xenopus are liver-specifically expressed. An in vitro transcription system derived from rat liver nuclei allowed us to define the cis-element BABS (B-activator binding site) 91088269 Coordinate occupancy of AP-1 sites in the vitamin D-responsive and CCAAT box elements by Fos-Jun in the osteocalcin gene: model for phenotype suppression of transcription. Owen TA; Bortell R; Yocum SA; Smock SL; Zhang M; Abate C; Shalhoub V; Aronin N; Wright KL; van Wijnen AJ; et al Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9990-4 (1990) Osteocalcin, a bone-specific protein and marker of the mature osteoblast, is expressed only in nonproliferating osteoblasts in a mineralizing extracellular matrix, while type I collagen is expressed i91088637 Negative regulation of the rat stromelysin gene promoter by retinoic acid is mediated by an AP1 binding site. Nicholson RC; Mader S; Nagpal S; Leid M; Rochette-Egly C; Chambon P EMBO J 9: 4443-54 (1990) Stromelysin is a member of the metalloproteinase family which plays an important role in extracellular matrix remodelling during many normal and disease processes. We show here that in polyomavirus-tr91092269 Cyclic-AMP-responsive transcriptional activation of CREB-327 involves interdependent phosphorylated subdomains. Lee CQ; Yun YD; Hoeffler JP; Habener JF EMBO J 9: 4455-65 (1990) Cyclic AMP-regulated gene expression is mediated by specific phosphoproteins (CREBs) which bind to cAMP-responsive elements of gene promoters. By analyzing the transactivation activities and phosphory91092270 Rous sarcoma virus enhancer factor I is a ubiquitous CCAAT transcription factor highly related to CBF and NF-Y. Faber M; Sealy L J Biol Chem 265: 22243-54 (1990) We have characterized enhancer factor I (EFI), a trans-acting factor present in avian nuclear extracts which binds to the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer and promoter. Through deletio91093062 HNF-1, a member of a novel class of dimerizing homeodomain proteins. Mendel DB; Crabtree GR J Biol Chem 266: 677-80 (1991) 91093254 Binding of the transcription factor EBP-80 mediates the methylation response of an intracisternal A-particle long terminal repeat promoter. Falzon M; Kuff EL Mol Cell Biol 11: 117-25 (1991) Intracisternal A-particle (IAP) expression in mouse cells has been correlated with hypomethylation of HhaI and HpaII sites in proviral long terminal repeats (LTRs). In a previous study, in vitro methy91094822 Positive regulation of jun/AP-1 by E1A. de Groot R; Foulkes N; Mulder M; Kruijer W; Sassone-Corsi P Mol Cell Biol 11: 192-201 (1991) Proteins encoded by the adenovirus E1A oncogene are capable of positive and negative transcriptional regulation of both viral and cellular genes. E1A regulatory function is commonly thought to involve91094831 Retrovirus-induced interference with collagen I gene expression in Mov13 fibroblasts is maintained in the absence of DNA methylation. Chan H; Hartung S; Breindl M Mol Cell Biol 11: 47-54 (1991) We have studied the role of DNA methylation in repression of the murine alpha 1 type I collagen (COL1A1) gene in Mov13 fibroblasts. In Mov13 mice, a retroviral provirus has inserted into the first int91094863 ACE2, an activator of yeast metallothionein expression which is homologous to SWI5. Butler G; Thiele DJ Mol Cell Biol 11: 476-85 (1991) Transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein gene CUP1 is induced in response to high environmental levels of copper. Induction requires the ACE1 gene product, which binds to specific91094864 Two distinct domains in the yeast transcription factor IID and evidence for a TATA box-induced conformational change. Lieberman PM; Schmidt MC; Kao CC; Berk AJ Mol Cell Biol 11: 63-74 (1991) Transcription factor IID from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (YIID) binds the TATA box element present in most RNA polymerase II promoters. In this work, partial proteolysis was used as a biochemical probe 91094880 Positive and negative regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression by a novel B-cell-specific enhancer element. Wang J; Oketani M; Watanabe T Mol Cell Biol 11: 75-83 (1991) A new B-cell-specific enhancer element has been identified 3' of E4 and the octamerlike motifs in the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene enhancer. Tandem copies of this 67-bp MnlI-AluI fragment, wh91094881 Liver-specific gene expression: A-activator-binding site, a promoter module present in vitellogenin and acute-phase genes. Kaling M; Kugler W; Ross K; Zoidl C; Ryffel GU Mol Cell Biol 11: 93-101 (1991) The A2 vitellogenin gene of Xenopus laevis, which is expressed liver specifically, contains an A-activator-binding site (AABS) that mediates high in vitro transcriptional activity in rat liver nuclear91094883 Base sequence discrimination by zinc-finger DNA-binding domains. Nardelli J; Gibson TJ; Vesque C; Charnay P Nature 349: 175-8 (1991) Zinc fingers constitute important eukaryotic DNA-binding domains, being present in many transcription factors. The Cys2/His2 zinc-finger class has conserved motifs of 28-30 amino acids which are usual91095025 Synergistic transcriptional enhancement does not depend on the number of acidic activation domains bound to the promoter. Oliviero S; Struhl K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 224-8 (1991) Many eukaryotic transcriptional activator proteins contain a DNA-binding domain that interacts with specific promoter sequences and an acidic activation region that is required to stimulate transcript91095433 Critical structural elements of the VP16 transcriptional activation domain. Cress WD; Triezenberg SJ Science 251: 87-90 (1991) Virion protein 16 (VP16) of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain. Missense mutations within this domain have provided insights into the structural elements 91095982 Transcriptional controls underlying Schwann cell differentiation and myelination. Lemke G; Kuhn R; Monuki ES; Weinmaster G Ann N Y Acad Sci 605: 248-53 (1990) 91097169 Two different HNF1-like transcription activators in the liver bind to the same region of the rat aldolase B promoter. Ito K; Tanaka T; Tsutsumi R; Ishikawa K; Tsutsumi K Biochem Biophys Res Commun 173: 1337-43 (1990) Coexistence of two different HNF1-like factors (AlF-A1 and AlF-A2) in rat liver is described. The two factors had similar molecular weight and the same sequence-specificity in DNA-binding. One of thes91097570 RNA polymerases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas syringae respond to Escherichia coli activator proteins. Gao JG; Gussin GN J Bacteriol 173: 394-7 (1991) The activities of RNA polymerases (RNAPs) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas syringae were compared with that of Escherichia coli RNAP. All three enzymes are able to initiate transcription at91100310 Genetic analysis of the cIII gene of bacteriophage HK022. Kornitzer D; Altuvia S; Oppenheim AB J Bacteriol 173: 810-5 (1991) The cIII gene product of lambdoid bacteriophages promotes lysogeny by stabilizing the phage-encoded CII protein, a transcriptional activator of the repressor and integrase genes. Previous works showed91100372 Different biological activities of the hetero- and homodimers formed by the 47- and 43-kilodalton proteins of transcription factor ATF/E4TF3. Wada T; Watanabe H; Usuda Y; Handa H J Virol 65: 557-64 (1991) The transcription factor ATF/E4TF3 stimulates transcription from the adenovirus early region 4 (E4) promoter by binding to specific promoter elements. Among the multiple forms of ATF/E4TF3, two forms 91101262 Herpes simplex virus transactivator ICP4 operationally substitutes for the cellular transcription factor Sp1 for efficient expression of the viral thymidine kinase gene. Imbalzano AN; Coen DM; DeLuca NA J Virol 65: 565-74 (1991) The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) ICP4 protein is a transcriptional activator of many eucaryotic RNA polymerase II promoters. The HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene (tk) promoter is induced by ICP4 and91101263 Dominant negative regulation of the mouse alpha-fetoprotein gene in adult liver. Vacher J; Tilghman SM Science 250: 1732-5 (1990) Transcription of the mouse alpha-fetoprotein gene is activated in the developing fetal liver and gut and repressed in both tissues shortly after birth. With germline transformation in mice, a cis-acti91102553 Signal transduction by interferon-alpha through arachidonic acid metabolism. Hannigan GE; Williams BR Science 251: 204-7 (1991) Molecular mechanisms that mediate signal transduction by growth inhibitory cytokines are poorly understood. Type I (alpha and beta) interferons (IFNs) are potent growth inhibitory cytokines whose biol91102570 Minimal sequence and factor requirements for the initiation of transcription from an atypical, TATATAA box-containing housekeeping promoter. Boyer TG; Maquat LE J Biol Chem 265: 20524-32 (1990) We have established the minimal sequence and factor requirements for both constitutive and viral-induced transcription from an atypical, TATATAA box-containing human housekeeping promoter. Utilizing a91056103 Transcriptional regulation of c-jun gene expression by arabinofuranosylcytosine in human myeloid leukemia cells. Kharbanda SM; Sherman ML; Kufe DW J Clin Invest 86: 1517-23 (1990) Previous studies have demonstrated that 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) induces terminal differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells. Other studies have shown that the c-jun protooncogen91056152 The cellular transcription factor CREB corresponds to activating transcription factor 47 (ATF-47) and forms complexes with a group of polypeptides related to ATF-43. Hurst HC; Masson N; Jones NC; Lee KA Mol Cell Biol 10: 6192-203 (1990) Promoter elements containing the sequence motif CGTCA are important for a variety of inducible responses at the transcriptional level. Multiple cellular factors specifically bind to these elements and91061725 Activation of octamer-containing promoters by either octamer-binding transcription factor 1 (OTF-1) or OTF-2 and requirement of an additional B-cell-specific component for optimal transcription of immPierani A; Heguy A; Fujii H; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 10: 6204-15 (1990) Several distinct octamer-binding transcription factors (OTFs) interact with the sequence ATTTGCAT (the octamer motif), which acts as a transcription regulatory element for a variety of differentially 91061726 The role of the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein in the transcriptional regulation of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP). Park EA; Roesler WJ; Liu J; Klemm DJ; Gurney AL; Thatcher JD; Shuman J; Friedman A; Hanson RW Mol Cell Biol 10: 6264-72 (1990) Previous studies have identified a region in the promoter of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (PEPCK) (positions -460 to +73) containing the regulatory elements which respond to cy91061732 Functional analysis of an isolated fos promoter element with AP-1 site homology reveals cell type-specific transcriptional properties. Velcich A; Ziff EB Mol Cell Biol 10: 6273-82 (1990) A DNA element located at positions -295 to -289 of the c-fos promoter (FAP site) is highly homologous to a consensus 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate-responsive element (TRE) and to a cyclic AMP 91061733 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: role of transcription factors IIA, IID, and IIB during formation of a transcription-competent complex. Maldonado E; Ha I; Cortes P; Weis L; Reinberg D Mol Cell Biol 10: 6335-47 (1990) Human transcription factor TFIID, the TATA-binding protein, was partially purified to a form capable of associating stably with the TATA motif of the adenovirus major late promoter. Binding of the hum91061740 The NGFI-B protein, an inducible member of the thyroid/steroid receptor family, is rapidly modified posttranslationally. Fahrner TJ; Carroll SL; Milbrandt J Mol Cell Biol 10: 6454-9 (1990) The NGFI-B gene is rapidly activated by a variety of stimuli that induce cells to differentiate or proliferate. It encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of congruent to 61 kDa and is a mem91061753 Positive and negative transcriptional elements of the human type IV collagenase gene. Frisch SM; Morisaki JH Mol Cell Biol 10: 6524-32 (1990) Proteolysis by type IV collagenase (T4) has been implicated in the process of tumor metastasis. The T4 gene is expressed in fibroblasts, but not in normal epithelial cells, and its expression is speci91061760 Molecular cloning of a transcription factor, AGP/EBP, that belongs to members of the C/EBP family. Chang CJ; Chen TT; Lei HY; Chen DS; Lee SC Mol Cell Biol 10: 6642-53 (1990) A C/EBP-like transcription factor, AGP/EBP, that binds to three distinct motifs in the 5'-flanking region of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene (AGP) has been identified. Here we report the cloning and pr91061773 A cloned human CCAAT-box-binding factor stimulates transcription from the human hsp70 promoter. Lum LS; Sultzman LA; Kaufman RJ; Linzer DI; Wu BJ Mol Cell Biol 10: 6709-17 (1990) The basal promoter of the human hsp70 gene is predominantly controlled by a CCAAT element at position -70 relative to the transcriptional initiation site. We report the isolation of a novel cDNA clone91061780 Xenopus Y-box transcription factors: molecular cloning, functional analysis and developmental regulation. Tafuri SR; Wolffe AP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9028-32 (1990) We describe the cloning and characterization of two cDNAs from Xenopus laevis that encode sequence-specific DNA binding proteins called FRG Y1 and FRG Y2 (frog Y-box proteins 1 and 2). During oogenesi91062413 Regulation of the human neuropeptide Y gene. Minth CA; Dixon JE Ann N Y Acad Sci 611: 99-110 (1990) 91063720 FNR and its role in oxygen-regulated gene expression in Escherichia coli. Spiro S; Guest JR FEMS Microbiol Rev 6: 399-428 (1990) Bacteria which can grow in different environments have developed regulatory systems which allow them to exploit specific habitats to their best advantage. In the facultative anaerobe Escherichia coli 91064083 Rapid events in growth hormone action. Induction of c-fos and c-jun transcription in 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. Gurland G; Ashcom G; Cochran BH; Schwartz J Endocrinology 127: 3187-95 (1990) To investigate early events in GH action, we examined whether GH altered the expression of c-fos and c-jun mRNA in 3T3-F442A cells. The rapid induction of these early response protooncogenes is one of91065296 A family of constitutive C/EBP-like DNA binding proteins attenuate the IL-1 alpha induced, NF kappa B mediated trans-activation of the angiotensinogen gene acute-phase response element. Brasier AR; Ron D; Tate JE; Habener JF EMBO J 9: 3933-44 (1990) The gene encoding angiotensinogen, the glycoprotein precursor of the potent vasopressor peptide angiotensin II, is transcriptionally activated in hepatocytes during the acute-phase response through in91065323 The adenovirus major late transcription factor USF is a member of the helix-loop-helix group of regulatory proteins and binds to DNA as a dimer. Gregor PD; Sawadogo M; Roeder RG Genes Dev 4: 1730-40 (1990) We isolated full-length cDNAs encoding the 43-kD form of human upstream stimulatory factor (USF), a cellular factor required for efficient transcription of the adenovirus major late (AdML) promoter in91065519 Transcription factor AP-4 contains multiple dimerization domains that regulate dimer specificity. Hu YF; Luscher B; Admon A; Mermod N; Tjian R Genes Dev 4: 1741-52 (1990) Enhancer binding protein AP-4 is a transcription factor that activates both viral and cellular genes by binding to the symmetrical DNA sequence, CAGCTG. Here, we report the molecular cloning and chara91065520 Muscle-specific expression of the cardiac alpha-actin gene requires MyoD1, CArG-box binding factor, and Sp1. Sartorelli V; Webster KA; Kedes L Genes Dev 4: 1811-22 (1990) Expression of the human cardiac alpha-actin gene (HCA) depends on the interactions of multiple transcriptional regulators with promoter elements. We report here that the tissue-specific expression of 91065526 Single cell assay of a transcription factor reveals a threshold in transcription activated by signals emanating from the T-cell antigen receptor. Fiering S; Northrop JP; Nolan GP; Mattila PS; Crabtree GR; Herzenberg LA Genes Dev 4: 1823-34 (1990) Stimulation of T lymphocytes through their antigen receptor leads to the appearance of several transcription factors, including NF-AT and NF-kappa B, which are involved in regulating genes required fo91065527 Fractionation of the general RNA polymerase II transcription factors from Drosophila embryos. Wampler SL; Tyree CM; Kadonaga JT J Biol Chem 265: 21223-31 (1990) We have subdivided the components of the basic RNA polymerase II machinery from Drosophila embryos into three fractions and RNA polymerase II. The RNA polymerase II was 90% homogeneous and possessed t91065938 The v-erb A oncogene causes repression of erythrocyte-specific genes and an immature, aberrant differentiation phenotype in normal erythroid progenitors. Schroeder C; Raynoschek C; Fuhrmann U; Damm K; Vennstrom B; Beug H Oncogene 5: 1445-53 (1990) We have compared the effects of the v-erb A oncogene on proliferation and differentiation of normal erythroid progenitors with those of tyrosine kinase oncogenes, e.g. v-sea. For this, a v-erb A retro91067178 Differential regulation and expression of jun, c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes during mouse liver regeneration and after inhibition of protein synthesis. Morello D; Lavenu A; Babinet C Oncogene 5: 1511-9 (1990) In order to obtain information in vivo about the possible relationships between early response gene products, we have analysed the expression of c-myc, c-fos and jun proto-oncogenes in regenerating mo91067186 Transcription factors induced by interferons alpha and gamma. Imam AM; Ackrill AM; Dale TC; Kerr IM; Stark GR Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6573-80 (1990) Factors induced by interferons (IFNs) bind to the IFN-stimulated response elements (ISREs) of many genes. In human cells treated with type I (alpha, beta) IFN, factor E is induced in about 1 min and f91067441 cDNA clone encoding Drosophila transcription factor TFIID. Muhich ML; Iida CT; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG; Parker CS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9148-52 (1990) Proper initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II requires the TATA-consensus-binding transcription factor TFIID. A cDNA clone encoding the Drosophila TFIID protein has been isolated and charact91067664 Recombinant yeast TFIID, a general transcription factor, mediates activation by the gene-specific factor USF in a chromatin assembly assay. Meisterernst M; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9153-7 (1990) The TATA box-binding transcription factor TFIID from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was tested for its ability to mediate regulatory factor functions both in a cell-free system reconstituted with other gene91067665 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: identification of general transcription factor TFIIG. Sumimoto H; Ohkuma Y; Yamamoto T; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9158-62 (1990) We have identified and partially characterized another human general transcription factor, TFIIG. Using a reconstituted in vitro system comprised of purified RNA polymerase II, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, an91067666 Cloned yeast and mammalian transcription factor TFIID gene products support basal but not activated metallothionein gene transcription. Kambadur R; Culotta V; Hamer D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9168-72 (1990) Transcription factor IID (TFIID), the "TATA binding factor," is thought to play a key role in the regulation of eukaryotic transcriptional initiation. We have studied the role of TFIID in the transcri91067668 Two distinct signal transmission pathways in T lymphocytes are inhibited by complexes formed between an immunophilin and either FK506 or rapamycin. Bierer BE; Mattila PS; Standaert RF; Herzenberg LA; Burakoff SJ; Crabtree G; Schreiber SL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9231-5 (1990) Proliferation and immunologic function of T lymphocytes are initiated by signals from the antigen receptor that are inhibited by the immunosuppressant FK506 but not by its structural analog, rapamycin91067681 Regulation of c-fos and c-jun expression in the rat supraoptic nucleus. Carter DA; Murphy D Cell Mol Neurobiol 10: 435-45 (1990) 1. We have investigated induction of the nuclear proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun in the rat supraoptic nucleus (SON) during physiological stimulation. 2. Dehydration (0-24 hr) was associated with mode91070606 Physical and immunological characterization of human transcription factor IIIA. Waldschmidt R; Jahn D; Teichmann M; Jahn M; Meissner W; Seifart KH Eur J Biochem 194: 167-76 (1990) Human transcription factor IIIA (htFIIIA), specifically required for transcription of the gene for 5S ribosomal RNA has been characterized with respect to some of its physical, immunological and funct91071188 LAP, a novel member of the C/EBP gene family, encodes a liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein. Descombes P; Chojkier M; Lichtsteiner S; Falvey E; Schibler U Genes Dev 4: 1541-51 (1990) A gene, encoding a liver-enriched transcriptional activator protein (LAP) has been isolated. LAP is a 32-kD protein that stimulates the transcription of chimeric genes containing albumin D-promoter el91071582 The characterization of the TFIIIA synthesized in somatic cells of Xenopus laevis. Kim SH; Darby MK; Joho KE; Brown DD Genes Dev 4: 1602-10 (1990) In somatic cells of Xenopus, transcription of the TFIIIA gene initiates greater than 200 bp upstream from the start site used in oocytes. The resultant mRNA encodes a protein, S-TFIIIA, that is 22 ami91071587 A TATA-like sequence located downstream of the transcription initiation site is required for expression of an RNA polymerase II transcribed gene. Carcamo J; Maldonado E; Cortes P; Ahn MH; Ha I; Kasai Y; Flint J; Reinberg D Genes Dev 4: 1611-22 (1990) TFIID, the TATA-binding protein, was found to stimulate transcription from the adenovirus IVa2 promoter, a promoter considered to lack the TATA motif. Remarkably, a TATA-like sequence element located 91071588 Novel two-component transmembrane transcription control: regulation of iron dicitrate transport in Escherichia coli K-12. Van Hove B; Staudenmaier H; Braun V J Bacteriol 172: 6749-58 (1990) Citrate and iron have to enter only the periplasmic space in order to induce the citrate-dependent iron(III) transport system of Escherichia coli. The five transport genes fecABCDE form an operon and 91072220 In vitro interactions of CysB protein with the cysK and cysJIH promoter regions of Salmonella typhimurium. Monroe RS; Ostrowski J; Hryniewicz MM; Kredich NM J Bacteriol 172: 6919-29 (1990) The cysteine regulons of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli are positively regulated by CysB protein and either O-acetyl-L-serine or N-acetyl-L-serine, both of which act as inducers. Gel mobi91072242 Purification and characterization of the nuclear factor BA1. A transcriptional activator of the human apoB gene. Kardassis D; Zannis VI; Cladaras C J Biol Chem 265: 21733-40 (1990) The promoter region of human apoB -79 to -63 is recognized by a sequence-specific DNA binding protein, designated NF-BA1, which is essential for the transcriptional activation of the apoB gene in hepa91072376 Regulation of c-jun gene expression by cAMP in HL-60 myeloid leukemia cells. Nakamura T; Datta R; Sherman ML; Kufe D J Biol Chem 265: 22011-5 (1990) Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of the c-jun proto-oncogene is induced by phorbol esters and other agents that activate protein kinase C. The present work has examined the involveme91072414 Identification of a DNA-binding site for the transcription factor GC2 in the promoter region of the p12 gene and repression of its positive activity by upstream negative regulatory elements. Guerin SL; Pothier F; Robidoux S; Gosselin P; Parker MG J Biol Chem 265: 22035-43 (1990) Mouse secretory protease inhibitor p12 is significantly transcribed by the cells from the seminal vesicle, the coagulating gland, the ventral prostate, and to a lesser level by the pancreas. It is oth91072418 [Transcription regulation--how are genes turned on and off?] Njolstad PR Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen 110: 3366-71 (1990) During the last 20 years much has been learned about regulation of gene activity, or transcription. Regulations are more complex in higher organisms, such as humans, than, for instance, in viruses and91075404 Amplified expression of three jun family members inhibits erythroleukemia differentiation. Prochownik EV; Smith MJ; Snyder K; Emeagwali D Blood 76: 1830-7 (1990) Several different proto-oncogenes have been shown to influence cellular differentiation. One of the most widely studied model systems has been the Friend murine erythroleukemia cell (F-MELC) line, whi91028247 Control of c-Jun activity by interaction of a cell-specific inhibitor with regulatory domain delta: differences between v- and c-Jun. Baichwal VR; Tjian R Cell 63: 815-25 (1990) Analysis of transcriptional activation properties of c-Jun chimeras in different cell lines suggests that it contains an activator domain (A1) that is negatively regulated by a cell type-specific inhi91029512 Rapid inhibition of the c-jun proto-oncogene expression in avian oviduct by estrogen. Lau CK; Subramaniam M; Rasmussen K; Spelsberg TC Endocrinology 127: 2595-7 (1990) The c-jun proto-oncogene codes for an important component of the AP-1 transcription factor complex which regulates the expression of many genes. This paper demonstrates that the steady state c-jun mRN91031299 Transcriptional activation of the heme oxygenase gene by TPA in mouse M1 cells during their differentiation to macrophage. Kurata S; Nakajima H Exp Cell Res 191: 89-94 (1990) The activation of the heme oxygenase (HO), fos, and AP-1 genes was determined at intervals after treatment of M1 cells (derived from mouse myeloleukemia) with heme or 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acet91031799 Regulation of cytochrome P-450 CYPIA1 gene expression and proto-oncogene expression by growth factors in primary hepatocytes. Hohne M; Becker-Rabbenstein V; Kahl GF; Taniguchi H FEBS Lett 273: 219-22 (1990) The effect of growth factors on the cytochrome P-450 (CYPIA1) gene expression was studied in primary mouse hepatocytes. Of the three growth factors used, i.e. epidermal growth factor (EGF), transformi91032185 Transcription of a yeast U6 snRNA gene requires a polymerase III promoter element in a novel position. Brow DA; Guthrie C Genes Dev 4: 1345-56 (1990) Vertebrate genes coding for U6 small nuclear RNA are transcribed by RNA polymerase III (pol III), using only upstream promoter elements rather than the A and B block internal control regions typical o91032986 Identification of two polypeptide segments of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein required for transcriptional activation of the serum albumin gene. Friedman AD; McKnight SL Genes Dev 4: 1416-26 (1990) We used molecular genetic methods to generate systematically altered forms of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP). The aim of our experiments was to identify regions of C/EBP that contribute to its91032993 HNF-3A, a hepatocyte-enriched transcription factor of novel structure is regulated transcriptionally. Lai E; Prezioso VR; Smith E; Litvin O; Costa RH; Darnell JE Jr Genes Dev 4: 1427-36 (1990) Hepatocyte-specific gene expression requires the interaction of many proteins with multiple binding sites in the regulatory regions. HNF-3 is a site found to be important in the maximal hepatocyte-spe91032994 Transcriptional regulation of HLA class-II genes. Peterlin BM; Andersson G; Lotscher E; Tsang S Immunol Res 9: 164-77 (1990) 91037407 Rapid rise in transcription factor mRNAs in rat brain after electroshock-induced seizures. Cole AJ; Abu-Shakra S; Saffen DW; Baraban JM; Worley PF J Neurochem 55: 1920-7 (1990) Recent studies have demonstrated that several transcription factor genes are rapidly activated by neuronal stimulation. For example, we have found that prolonged and repeated seizure activity produced91038069 Phorbol esters induce immediate-early genes and activate cardiac gene transcription in neonatal rat myocardial cells. Dunnmon PM; Iwaki K; Henderson SA; Sen A; Chien KR J Mol Cell Cardiol 22: 901-10 (1990) The mechanisms which transduce intracellular signals for the accumulation of myofibrillar protein during the onset of myocardial cell hypertrophy are unknown. Although previous studies in skeletal mus91039366 Transcriptional program coordination by N-methyl-D-aspartate-sensitive glutamate receptor stimulation in primary cultures of cerebellar neurons. Szekely AM; Costa E; Grayson DR Mol Pharmacol 38: 624-33 (1990) In primary cultures of rat cerebellar neurons, a brief stimulation of glutamate receptors results in coordinated activation of a programmed early gene response involving increases in the amount of c-f91042462 Deprivation of a single amino acid induces protein synthesis-dependent increases in c-jun, c-myc, and ornithine decarboxylase mRNAs in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Pohjanpelto P; Holtta E Mol Cell Biol 10: 5814-21 (1990) Genes of higher eucaryotic cells are considered to show only a limited response to nutritional stress. Here we show, however, that omission of a single essential amino acid from the medium caused a ma91042510 Mechanism of dexamethasone 21-mesylate antiglucocorticoid action: II. Receptor-antiglucocorticoid complexes do not interact productively with mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat chromatin. Richard-Foy H; Sistare FD; Riegel AT; Simons SS Jr; Hager GL Mol Endocrinol 1: 659-65 (1987) We have studied the interaction of covalent dexamethasone 21-mesylate (DM) labeled, activated glucocorticoid receptor with mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) chromatin. Studies were performed on a murin91042609 TATA-dependent and TATA-independent transcription at the HIS4 gene of yeast. Pellman D; McLaughlin ME; Fink GR Nature 348: 82-5 (1990) Two systems of transcription factors stimulate expression of the HIS4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. High-level transcription induced by amino-acid starvation is mediated by Gcn4(ref.1) and basal t91043052 A downstream initiation element required for efficient TATA box binding and in vitro function of TFIID. Nakatani Y; Horikoshi M; Brenner M; Yamamoto T; Besnard F; Roeder RG; Freese E Nature 348: 86-8 (1990) The gfa gene encodes glial fibrillary acidic protein, an intermediate filament protein expressed in glial cells. In vitro transcription analysis has shown that the human gfa promoter contains two init91043053 Chromosomal footprinting of transcriptionally active and inactive oocyte-type 5S RNA genes of Xenopus laevis. Engelke DR; Gottesfeld JM Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6031-7 (1990) The chromatin structure of the Xenopus oocyte-specific 5S rRNA genes was examined at high resolution in immature oocyte and somatic cell chromosomes by DNase I footprinting. On oocyte chromatin, where91045064 Metal-dependent binding of a nuclear factor to the rat metallothionein-I promoter. Andersen RD; Taplitz SJ; Oberbauer AM; Calame KL; Herschman HR Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6049-55 (1990) Genomic footprinting studies in vivo and experiments using synthetic metal regulatory elements (MREs) in vitro suggest protein binding to the MREs of the mouse and rat metallothionein I (MT-I) genes. 91045067 ISGF3, the transcriptional activator induced by interferon alpha, consists of multiple interacting polypeptide chains. Fu XY; Kessler DS; Veals SA; Levy DE; Darnell JE Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 8555-9 (1990) Interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) is the ligand-dependent transcriptional activator that, in response to interferon treatment, is assembled in the cell cytoplasm, is translocated to the nucl91046034 Sequence-specific binding of human Ets-1 to the T cell receptor alpha gene enhancer. Ho IC; Bhat NK; Gottschalk LR; Lindsten T; Thompson CB; Papas TS; Leiden JM Science 250: 814-8 (1990) Expression of the human T cell receptor (TCR) alpha gene is regulated by a T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer that is located 4.5 kilobases (kb) 3' to the C alpha gene segment. The core enhancer91047994 Proposed genetic basis of Huntington's disease. Laird CD Trends Genet 6: 242-7 (1990) I propose that Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by dominant position-effect variegation, a phenomenon for which new information is available in Drosophila melanogaster. The essential features of th91048855 Specific interaction of a partially purified Xenopus transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) with frog tRNA gene. Zhang ZG; Shastry BS Biochem Biophys Res Commun 172: 692-7 (1990) Transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) from Xenopus has been partially purified and characterized. Footprinting analyses indicate that a partially purified TFIIIC fraction contains an activity which speci91054484 Regulation of proto-oncogenes and salivary gland cell proliferation. Kousvelari E; Yeh CK; Mertz PM; Chinchetru M Adv Dent Res 4: 61-8 (1990) The proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun express proteins targeted into the nucleus. The fos and jun proteins form a heterodimeric complex that binds to regulatory elements in the promoter region of specif91000135 Structure and function of the protein CRE-BP1: heterogeneity of the protein that binds to the cAMP-responsive element. Ishii S; Maekawa T; Sudo T; Sakurai A; Yasuda I; Kishimoto A Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res 24: 335-9 (1990) 91000909 High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 function as general class II transcription factors. Singh J; Dixon GH Biochemistry 29: 6295-302 (1990) High mobility group (HMG) proteins 1 and 2 are thought to be associated with chromatin enriched in active gene sequences, to stimulate endogenous transcription of class II and III genes using HMG-depl91002521 Multifunctional DNA-binding proteins mediate concerted transcription activation of yeast ribosomal protein genes. Mager WH; Planta RJ Biochim Biophys Acta 1050: 351-5 (1990) Transcription activation of ribosomal protein genes (rp genes) in yeast is mediated through two different abundant transacting proteins, RAP1 and ABF1. These factors are multifunctional proteins playi91002672 Increased expression of c-jun gene during spontaneous hepatocarcinogenesis in LEC rats. Suzuki H; Fujita H; Mullauer L; Kuzumaki N; Konaka S; Togashi Y; Takeichi N; Kawamukai Y; Uchino J Cancer Lett 53: 205-12 (1990) We have studied the expressions of nine proto-oncogenes (c-myc, N-myc, c-fos, C-jun, p53, H-ras, N-ras, c-raf, hst) and two other genes (PCNA, GST-P) during the spontaneous development of hepatocellul91003952 KTF-1, a transcriptional activator of Xenopus embryonic keratin expression. Snape AM; Jonas EA; Sargent TD Development 109: 157-65 (1990) Nuclear extracts from embryos of Xenopus laevis were shown to contain a protein activity, KTF-1, which binds in vitro to the promoter of the embryonic, epidermis-specific keratin gene, XK81A1. Mobilit91005863 Core promoter of the mouse myelin basic protein gene governs brain-specific transcription in vitro. Tamura T; Sumita K; Hirose S; Mikoshiba K EMBO J 9: 3101-8 (1990) The core promoter of the mouse myelin basic protein (MBP) gene from -36 to +12 was preferentially transcribed in brain nuclear extracts. Both the TATA at -34 and downstream elements to +12 were requir91006002 Co-evolution from yeast to mouse: cDNA cloning of the two NF-Y (CP-1/CBF) subunits. van Huijsduijnen RH; Li XY; Black D; Matthes H; Benoist C; Mathis D EMBO J 9: 3119-27 (1990) NF-Y is a CCAAT box binding protein critical for the expression of diverse eukaryotic genes. We have purified the A and B subunits of NF-Y and, using microsequencing and PCR technology, have cloned th91006004 Regulation of RNA polymerase III transcription in response to Simian virus 40 transformation. White RJ; Stott D; Rigby PW EMBO J 9: 3713-21 (1990) Transcription by RNA polymerase III of the B2 family of middle-repetitive elements is activated in response to transformation by a variety of agents, including DNA tumour viruses, RNA tumour viruses a91006073 Oct-6: a POU transcription factor expressed in embryonal stem cells and in the developing brain. Suzuki N; Rohdewohld H; Neuman T; Gruss P; Scholer HR EMBO J 9: 3723-32 (1990) A family of octamer binding proteins is expressed during mouse development. Oct-4 and Oct-6 have been identified as two octamer binding proteins present in embryonal stem cells. Here we report the com91006074 Multiple doses of diacylglycerol and calcium ionophore are necessary to activate AP-1 enhancer activity and induce markers of macrophage differentiation. William F; Wagner F; Karin M; Kraft AS J Biol Chem 265: 18166-71 (1990) In contrast to phorbol esters, multiple doses of diacylgycerols are needed to differentiate U937 human monoblastic leukemic cells to a macrophage-like phenotype. Although both of these agents similarl91009302 A soluble factor produced by inoculation of human monocytes with Leishmania donovani promastigotes suppresses IFN-gamma-dependent monocyte activation. Engelhorn S; Bruckner A; Remold HG J Immunol 145: 2662-8 (1990) Whereas human cultured monocytes preactivated with IFN-gamma increase their antileishmanial capacity, monocytes inoculated with Leishmania donovani before IFN-gamma treatment fail to respond with an i91010744 Immediate early protein of pseudorabies virus is a general transactivator but stimulates only suboptimally utilized promoters. A clue to specificity? Thali M; Rusconi S; Schaffner W J Mol Biol 215: 301-11 (1990) Pseudorabies virus, a herpesvirus, encodes an immediate early (IE) protein that is known to be a general and strong transactivator of transcription. We have tested the activity of this IE protein with91012590 The binding site for the liver-specific transcription factor Tf-LF1 and the TATA box of the human transferrin gene promoter are the only elements necessary to direct liver-specific transcription in viMendelzon D; Boissier F; Zakin MM Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5717-21 (1990) We have studied the liver-specific transcriptional activity of the human transferrin gene promoter. Results of competition experiments, site-directed mutagenesis, and 5' deletion analysis have demonst91016906 HrpF, a human sequence-specific DNA-binding protein homologous to XrpFI, a Xenopus laevis oocyte transcription factor. Lagna G; Loreni F; Beccari E; Carnevali F Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5811-6 (1990) The identification in HeLa nuclei of a novel DNA-binding protein, designated HrpF, is presented. This factor recognizes and binds a sequence of the Xenopus laevis L14 ribosomal protein (r-p) gene prom91016920 Cell-free translational analysis of the processing of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus polyprotein. Manning DS; Mason CL; Leong JC Virology 179: 9-15 (1990) A cDNA clone of the large genomic segment of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was inserted into transcription vectors and used for production of RNA transcripts of various lengths. These RN91021070 A growth-dependent transcription initiation factor (TIF-IA) interacting with RNA polymerase I regulates mouse ribosomal RNA synthesis. Schnapp A; Pfleiderer C; Rosenbauer H; Grummt I EMBO J 9: 2857-63 (1990) Control of mouse ribosomal RNA synthesis in response to extracellular signals is mediated by TIF-IA, a regulatory factor whose amount or activity correlates with cell proliferation. Factor TIF-IA inte90360998 Three GCN4 responsive elements act synergistically as upstream and as TATA-like elements in the yeast TRP4 promoter. Mosch HU; Graf R; Schmidheini T; Braus G EMBO J 9: 2951-7 (1990) The yeast TRP4 promoter contains three responsive elements (GCREs) for the 'general control' transcriptional activator GCN4, which are arranged in two upstream elements, UAS1 (GCRE1) and UAS2 (GCRE2 a90361010 Characterisation of tissue-specific trans-acting factor binding to a proximal element in the rat growth hormone gene promoter. Larkin S; Tait S; Treacy M; Martin F Eur J Biochem 191: 605-15 (1990) Using an exonuclease III protection assay, tissue-specific binding of rat pituitary tumour cell (GH3 cell) nuclear factors to a proximal region (-68 to -138) of the rat growth hormone gene promoter ha90361043 Activation of 'immediate-early' genes by estrogen is not sufficient to achieve stimulation of DNA synthesis in rat uterus. Persico E; Scalona M; Cicatiello L; Sica V; Bresciani F; Weisz A Biochem Biophys Res Commun 171: 287-92 (1990) 17 beta-estradiol, a long acting estrogen that is mitogenic for rat uterus in vivo, or the short acting estrogens estriol and 16 alpha-estradiol, not mitogenic on their own, were injected into adult, 90365718 The DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B is identical to factor KBF1 and homologous to the rel oncogene product. Kieran M; Blank V; Logeat F; Vandekerckhove J; Lottspeich F; Le Bail O; Urban MB; Kourilsky P; Baeuerle PA; Israel A Cell 62: 1007-18 (1990) The major determinant in the transcriptional control of class I genes of the major histocompatibility complex is an enhancer sequence located around -170 from the transcription start site, which binds90367112 Cloning of the p50 DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B: homology to rel and dorsal. Ghosh S; Gifford AM; Riviere LR; Tempst P; Nolan GP; Baltimore D Cell 62: 1019-29 (1990) The DNA binding subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappa B, p50, has been cloned. p50 appears to be synthesized as a larger protein that is then processed to its functional size. Sequence analysis90367113 Role of eukaryotic-type functional domains found in the prokaryotic enhancer receptor factor sigma 54. Sasse-Dwight S; Gralla JD Cell 62: 945-54 (1990) E. coli sigma 54 protein confers on promoters containing its recognition sequence the ability to be activated from distant DNA sites. Its functional domains include two leucine zipper motifs, an acidi90367126 Cell type specificity and activation requirements for NFAT-1 (nuclear factor of activated T-cells) transcriptional activity determined by a new method using transgenic mice to assay transcriptional acVerweij CL; Guidos C; Crabtree GR J Biol Chem 265: 15788-95 (1990) Nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT-1) is a transcription factor which is considered to be an important regulator in early T-cell activation. We have developed a system to monitor the transcript90368794 Human transcription factor IIIC contains a polypeptide of 55 kDa specifically binding to Pol III genes. Schneider HR; Waldschmidt R; Seifart KH Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4743-50 (1990) Human transcription factor IIIC contains a 55 kDa polypeptide which specifically interacts with the Adenovirus 2 VAI gene promoter and which mimics most of the DNA binding properties of the entire fac90370453 A yeast homolog of the human UEF stimulates transcription from the adenovirus 2 major late promoter in yeast and in mammalian cell-free systems. Moncollin V; Stalder R; Verdier JM; Sentenac A; Egly JM Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4817-23 (1990) We report the identification and purification of a yeast factor functionally homologous to the human upstream element factor (UEFh). Although the yeast protein (UEFy) has a higher molecular weight tha90370464 A heteromeric transcription factor required for mammalian RNA polymerase II. Kitajima S; Tanaka Y; Kawaguchi T; Nagaoka T; Weissman SM; Yasukochi Y Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4843-9 (1990) A general transcription factor, FC, essential for specific initiation of in vitro transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II was identified and a procedure developed to purify it to near homogeneity90370467 Evidence for a heat shock transcription factor-independent mechanism for heat shock induction of transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Kobayashi N; McEntee K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 6550-4 (1990) Transcription of the DNA damage-responsive gene, DDRA2, of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is activated by heat shock treatment as well as by mutagen/carcinogen exposure. Deletion analysis of upstream noncod90370823 Purification of two transcription factors required for initiation by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Kawaguchi T; Kitajima S; Niho Y; Oda T; Germino J; Weissman SM; Yasukochi Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 6619-23 (1990) We have purified two general transcription factors (FA and FE) necessary for specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II to near homogeneity. Both activities are associated with peptides of 90370837 Positive transcriptional feedback at the bvg locus controls expression of virulence factors in Bordetella pertussis. Scarlato V; Prugnola A; Arico B; Rappuoli R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 6753-7 (1990) Regulation of the genes coding for virulence factors in Bordetella pertussis is controlled by the bvg locus, which encodes one putative sensory protein (BvgS) and one positive regulator of transcripti90370862 Presence of a potent transcription activating sequence in the p53 protein. Fields S; Jang SK Science 249: 1046-9 (1990) The p53 gene is frequently mutated in a wide variety of human cancers. However, the role of the wild-type p53 gene in growth control is not known. Hybrid proteins that contain the DNA binding domain o90371302 Transcriptional activation by wild-type but not transforming mutants of the p53 anti-oncogene. Raycroft L; Wu HY; Lozano G Science 249: 1049-51 (1990) The protein encoded by the wild-type p53 proto-oncogene has been shown to suppress transformation, whereas certain mutations that alter p53 become transformation competent. Fusion proteins between p5390371303 Regulatory DNA-binding proteins in yeast: an overview. Verdier JM Yeast 6: 271-97 (1990) 90371952 Hormonal regulation of transcription of rDNA. Purification and characterization of the hormone-regulated transcription factor IC. Mahajan PB; Thompson EA J Biol Chem 265: 16225-33 (1990) Glucocorticoids reversibly inhibit transcription of ribosomal RNA genes in murine lymphosarcoma P1798 cells in culture. Inhibition of rDNA transcription is due to reduction in the amount or activity o90375482 Hormonal regulation of transcription of rDNA. Formation of initiated complexes by RNA polymerase I in vitro. Gokal PK; Mahajan PB; Thompson EA J Biol Chem 265: 16234-43 (1990) This paper describes studies of initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase I in vitro. The protocols take advantage of the observation that active transcription complexes precipitate when incubated90375483 Hormonal regulation of transcription of rDNA. The role of TFIC in formation of initiation complexes. Mahajan PB; Gokal PK; Thompson EA J Biol Chem 265: 16244-7 (1990) Glucocorticoids inhibit transcription of rDNA in P1798 lymphoma cells. This observation can be recapitulated in vitro in that extracts from hormone-treated cells are virtually incapable of transcribin90375484 Cell-specific differences in activation of NF-kappa B regulatory elements of human immunodeficiency virus and beta interferon promoters by tumor necrosis factor. Lacoste J; D'Addario M; Roulston A; Wainberg MA; Hiscott J J Virol 64: 4726-34 (1990) Three aspects of the involvement of tumor necrosis factor in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis were examined. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA production was analyzed by poly90376424 A member of the activator protein 1 family found in keratinocytes but not in fibroblasts required for transcription from a human papillomavirus type 18 promoter. Offord EA; Beard P J Virol 64: 4792-8 (1990) Papillomaviruses are tissue specific and replicate in differentiating keratinocytes. We are interested in the question of tissue specificity at the level of transcription. We used extracts from human 90376432 Gene induction by interferons: functional complementation between trans-acting factors induced by alpha interferon and gamma interferon. Bandyopadhyay SK; Kalvakolanu DV; Sen GC Mol Cell Biol 10: 5055-63 (1990) HeLaM is a variant cell line in which the transcriptional induction of many genes by alpha interferon has special characteristics (Tiwari et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 8:4289-4294, 1988). The same characte90377194 Mutations that define the optimal half-site for binding yeast GCN4 activator protein and identify an ATF/CREB-like repressor that recognizes similar DNA sites. Sellers JW; Vincent AC; Struhl K Mol Cell Biol 10: 5077-86 (1990) The yeast GCN4 transcriptional activator protein binds as a dimer to a dyad-symmetric sequence, indicative of a protein-DNA complex in which two protein monomers interact with adjacent half-sites. How90377197 Functional analysis of the transcriptional promoter for the CYP1A1 gene. Jones KW; Whitlock JP Jr Mol Cell Biol 10: 5098-105 (1990) In mouse hepatoma cells, the environmental contaminant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increases the transcription rate of the CYP1A1 gene, which encodes a cytochrome P-450 enzyme. In this 90377199 E4F and ATF, two transcription factors that recognize the same site, can be distinguished both physically and functionally: a role for E4F in E1A trans activation. Rooney RJ; Raychaudhuri P; Nevins JR Mol Cell Biol 10: 5138-49 (1990) Previous experiments have identified an element in the adenovirus E4 promoter that is critical for E1A-dependent trans activation and that can confer inducibility to a heterologous promoter. This DNA 90377203 Additional intragenic promoter elements of the Xenopus 5S RNA genes upstream from the TFIIIA-binding site. Keller HJ; You QM; Romaniuk PJ; Gottesfeld JM Mol Cell Biol 10: 5166-76 (1990) The major promoter element of the Xenopus laevis 5S RNA gene is located within the transcribed region of the gene and forms the binding site for the transcription initiation factor TFIIIA. We report a90377206 Purification and characterization of a novel factor which stimulates rat ribosomal gene transcription in vitro by interacting with enhancer and core promoter elements. Zhang J; Jacob ST Mol Cell Biol 10: 5177-86 (1990) Previous studies in our laboratory have characterized a 174-base-pair (bp) enhancer sequence in the rat ribosomal DNA spacer region that exhibits all of the characteristics of a polymerase (Pol) II en90377207 Molecular cloning and analysis of the scon-2 negative regulatory gene of Neurospora crassa. Paietta JV Mol Cell Biol 10: 5207-14 (1990) The sulfur regulatory system of Neurospora crassa is composed of a group of highly regulated structural genes (e.g., the gene encoding arylsulfatase) that are under coordinate control of scon+ (sulfur90377210 cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements of the yeast URA3 promoter. Roy A; Exinger F; Losson R Mol Cell Biol 10: 5257-70 (1990) Expression of the yeast pyrimidine biosynthetic gene, URA3, is induced three- to fivefold in response to uracil starvation, and this regulation is mediated by the transcriptional activator PPR1 (pyrim90377215 Identification of rpo30, a vaccinia virus RNA polymerase gene with structural similarity to a eucaryotic transcription elongation factor. Ahn BY; Gershon PD; Jones EV; Moss B Mol Cell Biol 10: 5433-41 (1990) Eucaryotic transcription factors that stimulate RNA polymerase II by increasing the efficiency of elongation of specifically or randomly initiated RNA chains have been isolated and characterized. We h90377234 The mouse c-rel protein has an N-terminal regulatory domain and a C-terminal transcriptional transactivation domain. Bull P; Morley KL; Hoekstra MF; Hunter T; Verma IM Mol Cell Biol 10: 5473-85 (1990) We have shown that the murine c-rel protein can act as a transcriptional transactivator in both yeast and mammalian cells. Fusion proteins generated by linking rel sequences to the DNA-binding domain 90377238 Fos and jun cooperate in transcriptional regulation via heterologous activation domains. Abate C; Luk D; Gagne E; Roeder RG; Curran T Mol Cell Biol 10: 5532-5 (1990) The products of c-fos and c-jun (Fos and Jun) function in gene regulation by interacting with the AP-1 binding site. Here we have examined the contribution of Fos and Jun toward transcriptional activi90377246 Transcription initiation complexes and upstream activation with RNA polymerase II lacking the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit. Buratowski S; Sharp PA Mol Cell Biol 10: 5562-4 (1990) RNA polymerase II assembles with other factors on the adenovirus type 2 major late promoter to generate pairs of transcription initiation complexes resolvable by nondenaturing gel electrophoresis. The90377252 Template supercoiling by a chimera of yeast GAL4 protein and phage T7 RNA polymerase. Ostrander EA; Benedetti P; Wang JC Science 249: 1261-5 (1990) Fusion of the DNA-binding domain of yeast GAL4 protein to the amino terminus of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase yields a chimera that retains the characteristics of its components. The presence of the90378296 Transcription factor interactions: selectors of positive or negative regulation from a single DNA element. Diamond MI; Miner JN; Yoshinaga SK; Yamamoto KR Science 249: 1266-72 (1990) The mechanism by which a single factor evokes opposite regulatory effects from a specific DNA sequence is not well understood. In this study, a 25-base pair element that resides upstream of the mouse 90378297 Eukaryotic transcription factors. Latchman DS Biochem J 270: 281-9 (1990) 90380017 A brain-specific transcription activator. Korner M; Rattner A; Mauxion F; Sen R; Citri Y Neuron 3: 563-72 (1989) We have identified a DNA binding protein, named BETA, that interacts with the same (B) transcriptional regulatory sequence as the known transcription factor NF-kappa B. BETA is found only in gray matt90380397 In vitro transcription of the plasma protein genes of Bombyx mori. Sakurai H; Izumi S; Tomino S Biochim Biophys Acta 1087: 18-24 (1990) An efficient cell-free transcription system was developed from the extract of BmN cells established from an ovarian tissue of the silkworm, Bombyx mori. The cloned genes coding for major plasma protei90381309 Distinct classes of transcriptional activating domains function by different mechanisms. Tasset D; Tora L; Fromental C; Scheer E; Chambon P Cell 62: 1177-87 (1990) We have previously shown that the two transcriptional activation functions (TAF-1 and TAF-2) of the human estrogen receptor (hER) have synergistic properties different from one another and from those 90381774 Antitumor promotion and antiinflammation: down-modulation of AP-1 (Fos/Jun) activity by glucocorticoid hormone. Jonat C; Rahmsdorf HJ; Park KK; Cato AC; Gebel S; Ponta H; Herrlich P Cell 62: 1189-204 (1990) Glucocorticoid hormones counteract inflammation and phorbol ester tumor promotion and drastically decrease the expression of several extracellular proteases, including collagenase I. Glucocorticoid ho90381775 Transcriptional interference between c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor: mutual inhibition of DNA binding due to direct protein-protein interaction. Yang-Yen HF; Chambard JC; Sun YL; Smeal T; Schmidt TJ; Drouin J; Karin M Cell 62: 1205-15 (1990) Glucocorticoids are potent inhibitors of collagenase induction by phorbol esters and inflammatory mediators. The target for this negative effect is the AP-1 site within the collagenase promoter, which90381776 Functional antagonism between oncoprotein c-Jun and the glucocorticoid receptor. Schule R; Rangarajan P; Kliewer S; Ransone LJ; Bolado J; Yang N; Verma IM; Evans RM Cell 62: 1217-26 (1990) We present evidence that the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and transcription factor Jun/AP-1 can reciprocally repress one another's transcriptional activation by a novel mechanism that is independent o90381777 DNA methylation inhibits transcription by RNA polymerase III of a tRNA gene, but not of a 5S rRNA gene. Besser D; Gotz F; Schulze-Forster K; Wagner H; Kroger H; Simon D FEBS Lett 269: 358-62 (1990) Methylation of cytosine in the DNA inhibits the transcription by RNA polymerase II in higher eukaryotes, but has no influence on RNA polymerase I transcription. The effect on RNA polymerase III was un90382579 The 5'-flanking sequence of the loach oocyte 5S rRNA gene contains a signal for effective transcription. Felgenhauer P; Sedman J; Shostak N; Timofeeva M; Lind A; Bayev A Gene 90: 243-8 (1990) Deletion mutants of loach oocyte 5S rRNA genes were injected and transcribed in vivo in the nuclei of loach (Misgurnus fossilis) and Xenopus laevis. A control region was found in the 5'-flanking seque90382672 Identification of an estrogen response element upstream of the human c-fos gene that binds the estrogen receptor and the AP-1 transcription factor. Weisz A; Rosales R Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5097-106 (1990) Transcription of the proto-oncogene c-fos is stimulated by 17 beta-estradiol in estrogen responsive human and rat cells. To understand the molecular mechanisms of estrogen regulation of c-fos gene tra90384807 Site-specific insertion and deletion mutants in the mer promoter-operator region of Tn501; the nineteen base-pair spacer is essential for normal induction of the promoter by MerR. Parkhill J; Brown NL Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5157-62 (1990) We have made site-specific mutations in the promoter-operator region of the mercury-resistance (mer) operon of transposon Tn501. Mutations were selected to alter the spacing between the -10 and -35 pr90384815 Activator proteins which regulate immunoglobulin heavy chain gene transcription in B lymphocytes. Roman C; Riggs K; Merrell K; Calame K Prog Clin Biol Res 352: 241-8 (1990) While our results do not completely explain the B-cell specificity or other regulated aspects of IgH transcription, they show that IgH transcriptional factors belong to several different DNA-binding f90385023 Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of the deletions of chromosome 5 in myeloid disorders. Le Beau MM Prog Clin Biol Res 352: 277-85 (1990) 90385027 Cytotype control of Drosophila P element transposition: the 66 kd protein is a repressor of transposase activity. Misra S; Rio DC Cell 62: 269-84 (1990) Drosophila P transposable elements encode two proteins, an 87 kd transposase protein and a 66 kd protein that has been hypothesized to repress transposition. We have made germline transformants carryi90322424 DNA binding-induced conformational change of the yeast transcriptional activator PRTF. Tan S; Richmond TJ Cell 62: 367-77 (1990) Our studies using proteases to probe protein structure establish that binding to the upstream activating sequences (UASs) of two different yeast a-specific genes induces a conformational change in the90322432 Identification of a seventh operon on plasmid RK2 regulated by the korA gene product. Thomas CM; Theophilus BD; Johnston L; Jagura-Burdzy G; Schilf W; Lurz R; Lanka E Gene 89: 29-35 (1990) Broad-host-range IncP plasmids possess a series of operons involved in plasmid maintenance, whose expression is coordinated by a series of regulators, most of which are encoded in a central regulatory90323602 Plasmid pLS1-encoded RepA protein regulates transcription from repAB promoter by binding to a DNA sequence containing a 13-base pair symmetric element. del Solar GH; Perez-Martin J; Espinosa M J Biol Chem 265: 12569-75 (1990) The repA gene product of the promiscuous plasmid pLS1 is a 45-amino acid repressor protein. The plasmid initiator of replication protein, RepB, is encoded by the repB gene which is situated downstream90324249 Activators and targets. Ptashne M; Gann AA Nature 346: 329-31 (1990) Proteins that activate genes are quite disparate in character; in particular, some work 'universally' and others do not. A simple model can accommodate most of the recently published results. 90326182 Oncogene v-jun modulates DNA replication. Wasylyk C; Schneikert J; Wasylyk B Oncogene 5: 1055-8 (1990) Cell transformation leads to alterations in both transcription and DNA replication. Activation of transcription by the expression of a number of transforming oncogenes is mediated by the transcription90326405 Unique expression of the human Evi-1 gene in an endometrial carcinoma cell line: sequence of cDNAs and structure of alternatively spliced transcripts. Morishita K; Parganas E; Douglass EC; Ihle JN Oncogene 5: 963-71 (1990) Retroviral insertional activation of the expression of the Evi-1 is one of the most common events associated with transformation in murine myeloid leukemia. The murine Evi-1 gene encodes a 145 kDa nuc90326419 CpG methylation inhibits proenkephalin gene expression and binding of the transcription factor AP-2. Comb M; Goodman HM Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3975-82 (1990) DNA methylation at HpaII (CmCGG) sites inhibits expression of a human proenkephalin-CAT fusion gene when it is transiently expressed in CV-1 cells or stably expressed in C6-glioma cells. The inhibitor90326521 Transforming growth factor-beta in rheumatoid arthritis. Wilder RL; Lafyatis R; Roberts AB; Case JP; Kumkumian GK; Sano H; Sporn MB; Remmers EF Ann N Y Acad Sci 593: 197-207 (1990) 90328650 Location of a P1 plasmid replication inhibitor determinant within the initiator gene. Muraiso K; Mukhopadhyay G; Chattoraj DK J Bacteriol 172: 4441-7 (1990) The P1 plasmid replication initiator protein, RepA, binds to its own promoter and represses transcription efficiently. There are only about 20 RepA dimers present per repA gene. A possible reason for 90330551 A variant binding sequence for transcription factor EBP-80 confers increased promoter activity on a retroviral long terminal repeat. Falzon M; Kuff EL J Biol Chem 265: 13084-90 (1990) The cloned long terminal repeats (LTRs) of mouse intracisternal A-particle (IAP) proviral elements differ in their promoter activity. In this study, the LTR from a recently transposed IAP element (rc-90330650 A morphogenetic gradient of hunchback protein organizes the expression of the gap genes Kruppel and knirps in the early Drosophila embryo. Hulskamp M; Pfeifle C; Tautz D Nature 346: 577-80 (1990) Segmentation of the Drosophila embryo depends on a hierarchy of interactions among the maternal and zygotic genes in the early embryo. The anterior region is organized maternally by the bicoid (bcd) g90332045 Autoregulation of pit-1 gene expression mediated by two cis-active promoter elements. Chen RP; Ingraham HA; Treacy MN; Albert VR; Wilson L; Rosenfeld MG Nature 346: 583-6 (1990) The pit-1 gene is a member of a large family of genes that encode proteins which are involved in development and which contain a highly homologous region, referred to as the POU domain. Pit-1, a pitui90332047 cDNA sequence of the human cellular early growth response gene Egr-1. Suggs SV; Katzowitz JL; Tsai-Morris C; Sukhatme VP Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4283 (1990) 90332455 Ionizing radiation regulates expression of the c-jun protooncogene. Sherman ML; Datta R; Hallahan DE; Weichselbaum RR; Kufe DW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5663-6 (1990) There is little known about the regulation of gene expression by ionizing radiation exposure. The present studies demonstrate transcriptional activation of a mammalian gene, the c-jun protooncogene, b90332641 Gene transcription: basal and regulated transcription by RNA polymerase II. Kadonaga JT Curr Opin Cell Biol 2: 496-501 (1990) 90334895 A novel function of the transforming domain of E1a: repression of AP-1 activity. Offringa R; Gebel S; van Dam H; Timmers M; Smits A; Zwart R; Stein B; Bos JL; van der Eb A; Herrlich P Cell 62: 527-38 (1990) Adenovirus E1a represses transcription of the collagenase gene via the phorbol ester-responsive element (collTRE). The mechanism involves inhibition of the trans-activating function of the transcripti90335962 Activation of an intron enhancer within the keratin 18 gene by expression of c-fos and c-jun in undifferentiated F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Oshima RG; Abrams L; Kulesh D Genes Dev 4: 835-48 (1990) The mouse forms of human keratins 18 and 8 (K18 and K8) are the first members of the large intermediate filament gene family to be expressed during embryogenesis. To identify potential regulatory elem90337319 Alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation induces distinct patterns of immediate early gene expression in neonatal rat myocardial cells. fos/jun expression is associated with sarcomere assembly; Egr-1 inIwaki K; Sukhatme VP; Shubeita HE; Chien KR J Biol Chem 265: 13809-17 (1990) The present study was designed to determine if alpha- and beta-adrenergic stimulation of neonatal rat myocardial cells might induce common and/or distinct members of the immediate early gene program a90337996 Synergistic activation of transcription by multiple binding sites for NF-kappa B even in absence of co-operative factor binding to DNA. Pettersson M; Schaffner W J Mol Biol 214: 373-80 (1990) Regulation of eukaryotic genes is largely governed by multiple cis-acting DNA sequences recognized by specific transcription factors. The transcription factor NF-kappa B has been implicated as an impo90339482 Yeast suppressor mutations and transfer RNA processing. Nichols M; Willis I; Soll D Methods Enzymol 181: 377-94 (1990) 90340086 Yeast extracts for transfer RNA gene transcription and processing. Evans CF; Engelke DR Methods Enzymol 181: 439-50 (1990) 90340092 Antibody-mediated activation of Drosophila heat shock factor in vitro. Zimarino V; Wilson S; Wu C Science 249: 546-9 (1990) Eukaryotic cells respond to elevated temperatures by rapidly activating the expression of heat shock genes. Central to this activation is heat shock-inducible binding of the transcriptional activator,90341776 Stimulation of transcription by an Ultrabithorax protein in vitro. Johnson FB; Krasnow MA Genes Dev 4: 1044-52 (1990) The Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a family of UBX proteins that are thought to specify the developmental fates of segments in the posterior thorax and anterior abdomen by90346285 Assembly of alternative multiprotein complexes directs rRNA promoter selectivity. Bell SP; Jantzen HM; Tjian R Genes Dev 4: 943-54 (1990) How can trans-activators with the same DNA binding specificity direct different transcriptional programs? The rRNA transcriptional apparatus offers a useful model system to address this question and t90346293 CREB regulation of cellular cyclic AMP-responsive and adenovirus early promoters. Muchardt C; Li C; Kornuc M; Gaynor R J Virol 64: 4296-305 (1990) The cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) has been demonstrated to be a key mediator of cellular promoter response to cAMP. The binding site for this protein in many cellular cAMP 90347824 Loss of a phosphorylated form of transcription factor CREB/ATF in poliovirus-infected cells. Kliewer S; Muchardt C; Gaynor R; Dasgupta A J Virol 64: 4507-15 (1990) Host cell RNA synthesis is inhibited by poliovirus infection. We have studied the mechanism of poliovirus-induced inhibition of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription by using the adenovirus early r90347849 Transcriptional activation domain of the muscle-specific gene-regulatory protein myf5. Braun T; Winter B; Bober E; Arnold HH Nature 346: 663-5 (1990) The human muscle determination factor myf5, like MyoD and other members of the family of skeletal muscle-specific regulatory proteins, contains a highly conserved putative helix-loop-helix domain. In 90348968 Structural analysis of the Hox-3.1 transcription unit and the Hox-3.2--Hox-3.1 intergenic region. Awgulewitsch A; Bieberich C; Bogarad L; Shashikant C; Ruddle FH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 6428-32 (1990) The mouse Hox gene family is a set of mammalian homeobox genes that may represent developmental control genes. Complete information about the primary structure of these genes is a prerequisite for a s90349629 Adenovirus E1A proteins can dissociate heteromeric complexes involving the E2F transcription factor: a novel mechanism for E1A trans-activation. Bagchi S; Raychaudhuri P; Nevins JR Cell 62: 659-69 (1990) Adenovirus infection activates the E2F transcription factor, in part through the formation of a heteromeric protein complex involving a 19 kd E4 gene product that then allows cooperative and stable pr90352701 Yeast heat shock factor contains separable transient and sustained response transcriptional activators. Sorger PK Cell 62: 793-805 (1990) The transcriptional induction of heat shock genes in eukaryotes is mediated by the heat shock transcription factor (HSF). In yeast, this induction appears to involve the phosphorylation of DNA-bound f90352712 The yeast heat shock transcription factor contains a transcriptional activation domain whose activity is repressed under nonshock conditions. Nieto-Sotelo J; Wiederrecht G; Okuda A; Parker CS Cell 62: 807-17 (1990) Transcription of heat shock genes is induced by exposure of cells to elevated temperatures or other stress conditions. In yeast, it is thought that induction of transcription is mediated by conversion90352713 Cadmium induces transcription of proto-oncogenes c-jun and c-myc in rat L6 myoblasts. Jin P; Ringertz NR J Biol Chem 265: 14061-4 (1990) The effect of cadmium on the expression of oncogenes c-jun, c-fos, and c-myc was studied by exposing L6J1 myoblast cultures to different doses of cadmium chloride and then analyzing the abundance of o90354379 Purified elongation factor SII is sufficient to promote read-through by purified RNA polymerase II at specific termination sites in the human histone H3.3 gene. SivaRaman L; Reines D; Kane CM J Biol Chem 265: 14554-60 (1990) Purified RNA polymerase II terminates transcription in vitro at sites within genes which also block transcript elongation in vivo. Studies on a termination site within the first intron of the human hi90354451 Resolution by diagonal gel mobility shift assays of multisubunit complexes binding to a functionally important element of the rat growth hormone gene promoter. Schaufele F; Cassill JA; West BL; Reudelhuber T J Biol Chem 265: 14592-8 (1990) DNase I footprinting identifies a tissue-general factor, GHF3, binding to the rat growth hormone promoter between nucleotides -239 and -219. Mutation of the GHF3-binding site reduces promoter activity90354456 The complete nucleotide sequence of the Pasteurella multocida toxin gene and evidence for a transcriptional repressor, TxaR. Petersen SK Mol Microbiol 4: 821-30 (1990) The osteolytic toxin of Pasteurella multocida induces bone resorption in vivo and in vitro (Foged et al., 1988; Kimman et al., 1987). In this report the toxin-encoding toxA gene is sequenced, and the 90355842 Phosphorylated forms of GAL4 are correlated with ability to activate transcription. Mylin LM; Johnston M; Hopper JE Mol Cell Biol 10: 4623-9 (1990) GAL4I, GAL4II, and GAL4III are three forms of the yeast transcriptional activator protein that are readily distinguished on the basis of electrophoretic mobility during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacry90355977 A single amino acid change in CUP2 alters its mode of DNA binding. Buchman C; Skroch P; Dixon W; Tullius TD; Karin M Mol Cell Biol 10: 4778-87 (1990) CUP2 is a copper-dependent transcriptional activator of the yeast CUP1 metallothionein gene. In the presence of Cu+ and Ag+) ions its DNA-binding domain is thought to fold as a cysteine-coordinated Cu90355994 The lack of transcriptional activation of the v-erbA oncogene is in part due to a mutation present in the DNA binding domain of the protein. de Verneuil H; Metzger D Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4489-97 (1990) Using a transient co-transfection system we have demonstrated that response elements for estrogen (ER), thyroid hormone (TR) and retinoic acid receptors (RAR) are closely related. Thyroid hormone-indu90356384 A novel transcriptional activator (PO-B) binds between the TATA box and cap site of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene. Riegel AT; Remenick J; Wolford RG; Berard DS; Hager GL Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4513-21 (1990) We demonstrate that a factor (PO-B), detected in a number of mammalian cell lines, binds specifically between the TATA box and the transcription initiation site of the pituitary-specific pro-opiomelan90356387 A role for the adenovirus inducible E2F transcription factor in a proliferation dependent signal transduction pathway. Mudryj M; Hiebert SW; Nevins JR EMBO J 9: 2179-84 (1990) Adenovirus E1A dependent trans-activation of transcription involves the utilization of cellular promoter specific transcription factors. One such factor termed E2F is important for the transcription o90291982 Nuclear factor I acts as a transcription factor on the MMTV promoter but competes with steroid hormone receptors for DNA binding. Bruggemeier U; Rogge L; Winnacker EL; Beato M EMBO J 9: 2233-9 (1990) Several steroid hormones induce transcription of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter, through an interaction of their respective receptors with the hormone responsive elements (HREs) in the 90291988 Hepatocyte dedifferentiation and extinction is accompanied by a block in the synthesis of mRNA coding for the transcription factor HNF1/LFB1. Cereghini S; Yaniv M; Cortese R EMBO J 9: 2257-63 (1990) The promoter proximal sequences of a group of liver-specific genes including that of albumin interact with the same hepato-specific factor named HNF1, LFB1, APF or HP1, a distant member of the homeopr90291991 Positive control. Adhya S; Garges S J Biol Chem 265: 10797-800 (1990) 90293001 Resolution of factors required for the initiation of transcription by yeast RNA polymerase II. Flanagan PM; Kelleher RJ; Feaver WJ; Lue NF; LaPointe JW; Kornberg RD J Biol Chem 265: 11105-7 (1990) Fractionation of a yeast nuclear extract reveals at least four factors required in addition to RNA polymerase II for accurate initiation of transcription. One of these factors can be replaced by HeLa 90293051 cAMP-dependent transcription of the human CYP21B (P-450C21) gene requires a cis-regulatory element distinct from the consensus cAMP-regulatory element. Kagawa N; Waterman MR J Biol Chem 265: 11299-305 (1990) By utilizing chimeric genes constructed from 5'-flanking sequences of the human CYP21B (P-450C21) gene and reporter genes (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase or rabbit beta-globin), a 34-nucleotide seq90293079 Lipopolysaccharide is a potent monocyte/macrophage-specific stimulator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression. Pomerantz RJ; Feinberg MB; Trono D; Baltimore D J Exp Med 172: 253-61 (1990) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) potently stimulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1-long terminal repeat (HIV-1-LTR) CAT constructs transfected into monocyte/macrophage-like cell lines but not a T cell l90293687 Regulation of the pituitary-specific homeobox gene GHF1 by cell-autonomous and environmental cues. McCormick A; Brady H; Theill LE; Karin M Nature 345: 829-32 (1990) Homeodomain proteins function in determination of mating type in yeast, segmentation in fruit flies and cell-type specific gene expression in mammals. In Drosophila, expression of homeobox genes is co90294931 An RNA polymerase II transcription factor shares functional properties with Escherichia coli sigma 70. Conaway JW; Conaway RC Science 248: 1550-3 (1990) A mammalian transcription factor, which, along with other factors, is essential for accurate initiation of transcription from promoters by RNA polymerase II, has been found to regulate the interaction90296081 Increases in levels of procollagenase mRNA in human fibroblasts induced by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or serum follow c-jun expression and are dependent on new protein synthesis. Conca W; Kaplan PB; Krane SM Trans Assoc Am Physicians 102: 195-203 (1989) 90296519 Overproduction of the yeast STE12 protein leads to constitutive transcriptional induction. Dolan JW; Fields S Genes Dev 4: 492-502 (1990) Haploid a and alpha cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae respond to the pheromones alpha- and a-factor, respectively, by increasing transcription of inducible genes, arresting cell division, an90299122 A wide variety of DNA sequences can functionally replace a yeast TATA element for transcriptional activation. Singer VL; Wobbe CR; Struhl K Genes Dev 4: 636-45 (1990) We created a library of DNA molecules in which the required TATA element of a yeast gal-his3 promoter is replaced by random-sequence oligomers averaging 16 bp in length. Surprisingly, 1% of such rando90299134 Sarkosyl defines three intermediate steps in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase III: application to stimulation of transcription by E1A. Kovelman R; Roeder RG Genes Dev 4: 646-58 (1990) We used Sarkosyl to analyze steps along the pathway of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase III. Sarkosyl (0.015%) inhibited transcription when present prior to incubation of RNA polymerase III,90299135 DNA sequence and translational product of a new nodulation-regulatory locus: syrM has sequence similarity to NodD proteins. Barnett MJ; Long SR J Bacteriol 172: 3695-700 (1990) Rhizobium meliloti nodulation (nod) genes are expressed when activated by trans-acting proteins in the NodD family. The nodD1 and nodD2 gene products activate nod promoters when cells are exposed to p90299788 Transcriptional regulation of comC: evidence for a competence-specific transcription factor in Bacillus subtilis. Mohan S; Dubnau D J Bacteriol 172: 4064-71 (1990) comC specifies a protein product that is required for genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis. The probable transcriptional start site of comC has been localized by high-resolution primer extension an90299836 Regulation of Escherichia coli sigma F RNA polymerase by flhD and flhC flagellar regulatory genes. Arnosti DN J Bacteriol 172: 4106-8 (1990) The sigma F RNA polymerase has been characterized biochemically and is known to transcribe several flagellar genes in Escherichia coli. It was found that while the flagellar regulatory genes flhD and 90299842 Structure and function of La and Ro RNPs. Pruijn GJ; Slobbe RL; Van Venrooij WJ Mol Biol Rep 14: 43-8 (1990) 90301075 [Immunoglobulin genes in lymphoid cells and regulation of their transcription] Stepchenko AG; Urakov DN; Luchina NN; Deev SM; Polianovskii OL Mol Biol (Mosk) 24: 487-94 (1990) The hybridoma genomes contain polyploid sets of immunoglobulin genes. We have shown, that the hybridoma PTF-02 genome contains three genes of heavy chains and two genes of light chains. The genes resp90301115 Transcription factor IIA of wheat and human function similarly with plant and animal viral promoters. Burke C; Yu XB; Marchitelli L; Davis EA; Ackerman S Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3611-20 (1990) Eucaryotic transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II involves protein:DNA interactions during the formation of a transcription complex. In addition to RNA polymerase II there are at least five oth90301478 Functional domains and upstream activation properties of cloned human TATA binding protein. Peterson MG; Tanese N; Pugh BF; Tjian R Science 248: 1625-30 (1990) The TATA binding protein, TFIID, plays a central role in the initiation of eukaryotic mRNA synthesis. Here, we present a human cDNA clone for this factor. Comparison of its predicted protein sequence 90302006 Cloning of a transcriptionally active human TATA binding factor. Kao CC; Lieberman PM; Schmidt MC; Zhou Q; Pei R; Berk AJ Science 248: 1646-50 (1990) Transcription factor IID (TFIID) binds to the TATA box promoter element and regulates the expression of most eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding a huma90302010 Negative regulation of transcriptional initiation in eukaryotes. Goodbourn S Biochim Biophys Acta 1032: 53-77 (1990) 90304160 Commitment and activation at pol II promoters: a tail of protein-protein interactions. Lewin B Cell 61: 1161-4 (1990) 90304874 Analysis of structure-function relationships of yeast TATA box binding factor TFIID. Horikoshi M; Yamamoto T; Ohkuma Y; Weil PA; Roeder RG Cell 61: 1171-8 (1990) A systematic series of N-terminal, C-terminal, and internal deletion mutants of S. cerevisiae TFIID were expressed in vitro and tested for TATA box binding and basal level transcription activities usi90304876 Isolation and characterization of the Drosophila gene encoding the TATA box binding protein, TFIID. Hoey T; Dynlacht BD; Peterson MG; Pugh BF; Tjian R Cell 61: 1179-86 (1990) To investigate the biochemical mechanisms involved in interactions between regulatory factors and the general transcription complex, we have cloned, expressed, and characterized the Drosophila gene en90304877 Mechanism of transcriptional activation by Sp1: evidence for coactivators. Pugh BF; Tjian R Cell 61: 1187-97 (1990) In reconstituted reactions, Sp1 stimulates transcription at TATA-containing promoters in the presence of semipurified TFIID fractions from either human or Drosophila cells, but is unable to do so when90304878 Selective inhibition of activated but not basal transcription by the acidic activation domain of VP16: evidence for transcriptional adaptors. Berger SL; Cress WD; Cress A; Triezenberg SJ; Guarente L Cell 61: 1199-208 (1990) The interaction between the chimeric activator GAL4-VP16, consisting of the DNA binding domain of GAL4 and the acidic activation domain of VP16, and its target in the transcriptional machinery was stu90304879 A novel mediator between activator proteins and the RNA polymerase II transcription apparatus. Kelleher RJ 3d; Flanagan PM; Kornberg RD Cell 61: 1209-15 (1990) One gene activator protein may interfere with the effects of another in eukaryotic cells. We report here that a hybrid yeast-herpes gene activator protein inhibits transcriptional activation by a thym90304880 A specific member of the ATF transcription factor family can mediate transcription activation by the adenovirus E1a protein. Liu F; Green MR Cell 61: 1217-24 (1990) The adenovirus E1a protein stimulates transcription of viral early genes. Recent experiments indicate that E1a contains a transcriptional activating region, which functions when directed to a promoter90304881 A myosin-like dimerization helix and an extra-large homeodomain are essential elements of the tripartite DNA binding structure of LFB1. Nicosia A; Monaci P; Tomei L; De Francesco R; Nuzzo M; Stunnenberg H; Cortese R Cell 61: 1225-36 (1990) The transcription activator LFB1 is a major determinant of hepatocyte-specific expression of many genes. To study the mechanisms underlying LFB1 transcriptional selectivity, we have initiated its bioc90304882 Transient induction of c-jun during hepatic regeneration. Alcorn JA; Feitelberg SP; Brenner DA Hepatology 11: 909-15 (1990) The cellular oncogene c-jun is transiently expressed in cultured cells stimulated to proliferate but has not been identified in normal liver. Because partial hepatectomy results in coordinated cell pr90306907 Lipopolysaccharide induces competence genes JE and KC in Balb/C 3T3 cells. Tannenbaum CS; Major JA; Poptic EJ; DiCorleto PE; Hamilton TA J Cell Physiol 144: 77-83 (1990) The expression of the early genes JE and KC has been examined in Balb/C 3T3 cells treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Previous studies showed that JE and KC mRNAs are induced in murine pe90307823 Drosophila Kruppel protein is a transcriptional repressor. Licht JD; Grossel MJ; Figge J; Hansen UM Nature 346: 76-9 (1990) Kruppel (Kr), one of the zygotically active Drosophila segmentation genes, is expressed in a restricted domain during the blastoderm stage of embryogenesis and is involved in the control of developmen90309978 Evidence for interaction of different eukaryotic transcriptional activators with distinct cellular targets. Martin KJ; Lillie JW; Green MR Nature 346: 147-52 (1990) The adenovirus E1a protein (E1a), a potent transcription activator, contains a transcriptional activating region. Compared with previously described cellular and viral activators, E1a's activating reg90309988 [The effect of postsynthetic phosphorylation on the structure and function of histone Hl in the chromosomes (minireview)] Jerzmanowski A Postepy Biochem 35: 321-8 (1989) 90310810 Eukaryotic transcription factors. Polyanovsky OL; Stepchenko AG Bioessays 12: 205-10 (1990) Many nuclear proteins have been found recently to interact with short conserved sequences which are involved in regulating the transcription of various genes. Nuclear transcription factors may be arbi90314950 Sequence signals in eukaryotic upstream regions. Nussinov R Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 25: 185-224 (1990) Two DNA sequence elements are known to recur frequently upstream of eukaryotic polymerase II-transcribed genes. The TATAAA, at position -40, specifies the transcription initiation site. The GGCCAATCT 90315902 Regulation of a yeast HSP70 gene by a cAMP responsive transcriptional control element. Boorstein WR; Craig EA EMBO J 9: 2543-53 (1990) HSP70 genes exhibit complex regulation in response to stress and a variety of cellular and developmental events. The SSA3 HSP70 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is activated at the transcriptional lev90316113 Cloning of minute virus of mice cDNAs and preliminary analysis of individual viral proteins expressed in murine cells. Clemens KE; Cerutis DR; Burger LR; Yang CQ; Pintel DJ J Virol 64: 3967-73 (1990) cDNAs corresponding to RNA from the autonomous parvovirus minute virus of mice were cloned into constitutive and inducible expression vectors. These clones generate viral NS2, VP1, and VP2 proteins in90317896 Gene fliA encodes an alternative sigma factor specific for flagellar operons in Salmonella typhimurium. Ohnishi K; Kutsukake K; Suzuki H; Iino T Mol Gen Genet 221: 139-47 (1990) Through genetic studies, the fliA gene product has been shown to regulate positively gene expression in late operons of the flagellar regulon in Salmonella typhimurium. In the present study, the fliA 90318310 Yeast and human TATA-binding proteins have nearly identical DNA sequence requirements for transcription in vitro. Wobbe CR; Struhl K Mol Cell Biol 10: 3859-67 (1990) We have analyzed the DNA sequence requirements for TATA element function by assaying the transcriptional activities of 25 promoters, including those representing each of the 18 single-point mutants of90318350 A transcription factor interacting with the class I gene enhancer is inactive in tumorigenic cell lines which suppress major histocompatibility complex class I genes. Henseling U; Schmidt W; Scholer HR; Gruss P; Hatzopoulos AK Mol Cell Biol 10: 4100-9 (1990) AKR leukemias display different amounts of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens on the cell surface. The absence of H-2Kk molecules correlates with the ability of these cell lines to form90318374 A 36-kilodalton cellular transcription factor mediates an indirect interaction of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I TAX1 with a responsive element in the viral long terminal repeat. Marriott SJ; Lindholm PF; Brown KM; Gitlin SD; Duvall JF; Radonovich MF; Brady JN Mol Cell Biol 10: 4192-201 (1990) The human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) trans activator, TAX1, interacts indirectly with a TAX1-responsive element, TRE-2, located at positions -117 to -163 in the viral long terminal90318385 Transcriptional activation and repression by Fos are independent functions: the C terminus represses immediate-early gene expression via CArG elements. Gius D; Cao XM; Rauscher FJ 3d; Cohen DR; Curran T; Sukhatme VP Mol Cell Biol 10: 4243-55 (1990) The Fos-Jun complex has been shown to activate transcription through the regulatory element known as the AP-1 binding site. We show that Fos down regulates several immediate-early genes (c-fos, Egr-1,90318391 A nucleosome-positioning sequence is required for GCN4 to activate transcription in the absence of a TATA element. Brandl CJ; Struhl K Mol Cell Biol 10: 4256-65 (1990) In the gal-his3 hybrid promoter his3-GG1, the yeast upstream activator protein GCN4 stimulates transcription when bound at the position normally occupied by the TATA element. This TATA-independent act90318392 Epidermal growth factor stimulation of stromelysin mRNA in rat fibroblasts requires induction of proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun and activation of protein kinase C. McDonnell SE; Kerr LD; Matrisian LM Mol Cell Biol 10: 4284-93 (1990) Stromelysin (transin) is a secreted metalloprotease that is transcriptionally induced by a variety of growth factors and oncogenes. We examined the necessity of specific secondary (protein kinase C) a90318395 Yeast Gal11 protein mediates the transcriptional activation signal of two different transacting factors, Gal4 and general regulatory factor I/repressor/activator site binding protein 1/translation upsNishizawa M; Suzuki Y; Nogi Y; Matsumoto K; Fukasawa T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5373-7 (1990) GAL11 was first identified as a gene required for full expression of some of the galactose-inducible genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A null mutation within the GAL11 locus causes defects 90319115 Site-directed mutagenesis reveals a liver transcription factor essential for the albumin transcriptional enhancer. Zaret KS; Liu JK; DiPersio CM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5469-73 (1990) A method based on the polymerase chain reaction is described for constructing a clustered set of basepair changes, deletions, or insertions at any site on a DNA fragment. Advantages of the procedure a90319133 Transcriptional repression in eukaryotes. Renkawitz R Trends Genet 6: 192-7 (1990) Gene transcription can be controlled by positive or negative regulatory mechanisms; a combination of both is frequently responsible for the observed expression patterns. Analysis of a number of eukary90320056 A cysteine-rich nuclear protein activates yeast metallothionein gene transcription. Szczypka MS; Thiele DJ Mol Cell Biol 9: 421-9 (1989) The ACE1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for copper-inducible transcription of the metallothionein gene (CUP1). The sequence of the cloned ACE1 gene predicted an open reading fr89219034 Isolation and DNA-binding characteristics of a protein involved in transcription activation of two divergently transcribed, essential yeast genes. Halfter H; Muller U; Winnacker EL; Gallwitz D EMBO J 8: 3029-37 (1989) We have identified a protein, BAF1, which has two oppositely oriented, partially overlapping binding sites within a symmetrical sequence located midway between and upstream of the divergently transcri90059888 Overproduction, purification, and characterization of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase sigma A factor. Chang BY; Doi RH J Bacteriol 172: 3257-63 (1990) By use of a T7 expression system, large amounts of active Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase sigma A factor were produced in Escherichia coli cells. This overproduced protein was found in the form of in90264321 Cloning, disruption, and transcriptional analysis of three RNA polymerase sigma factor genes of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Buttner MJ; Chater KF; Bibb MJ J Bacteriol 172: 3367-78 (1990) The rpoD gene of Myxococcus xanthus was used as a probe to isolate three Streptomyces coelicolor genes, hrdB, hrdC, and hrdD, which appear to encode RNA polymerase sigma factors extremely similar to t90264336 Accurate initiation by RNA polymerase II in a whole cell extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Woontner M; Jaehning JA J Biol Chem 265: 8979-82 (1990) We have developed a simple procedure for isolating a transcriptional extract from whole yeast cells which obviates the requirement for nuclear isolation. Detection of accurate mRNA initiation by RNA p90264373 The identification of two antagonistic activities in a Xenopus oocyte extract that can modulate the in vitro transcription of RNA polymerase III genes. Giardina CA; Wu CW J Biol Chem 265: 9121-30 (1990) In this communication we identify and initially characterize two antagonistic activities in a Xenopus oocyte extract that can modulate the in vitro transcription of RNA polymerase III (pol III) genes 90264396 DNA binding activity and transcriptional activator function of the human B-myb protein compared with c-MYB. Mizuguchi G; Nakagoshi H; Nagase T; Nomura N; Date T; Ueno Y; Ishii S J Biol Chem 265: 9280-4 (1990) Three members of the myb gene family have been identified in human cDNA libraries c-myb, A-myb, and B-myb. We compared the DNA binding properties of the B-myb and c-myb proteins (B-MYB and c-MYB) usin90264420 The Drosophila hairy protein acts in both segmentation and bristle patterning and shows homology to N-myc. Rushlow CA; Hogan A; Pinchin SM; Howe KM; Lardelli M; Ish-Horowicz D EMBO J 8: 3095-103 (1989) The Drosophila segmentation gene, hairy (h), acts to regulate embryonic segmentation and bristle pattern. We present the DNA sequence of the h gene and of h cDNAs, thereby deducing the organization of90059896 Characterization of a human apolipoprotein E gene enhancer element and its associated protein factors. Chang DJ; Paik YK; Leren TP; Walker DW; Howlett GJ; Taylor JM J Biol Chem 265: 9496-504 (1990) An enhancer element in the 5' flanking region of the human apolipoprotein E gene, known as upstream regulatory element 1 (URE1), has previously been implicated in the expression of this gene. The URE190264453 Mouse vimentin: structural relationship to fos, jun, CREB and tpr. Capetanaki Y; Kuisk I; Rothblum K; Starnes S Oncogene 5: 645-55 (1990) We have isolated and characterized mouse cDNA clones representing the entire coding region of vimentin. RNA blot analysis of different stages during development has revealed differential control in th90265604 EIa-mediated transactivation of the adenovirus EIIa early promoter is restricted in undifferentiated F9 cells. Boeuf H; Jansen-Durr P; Kedinger C Oncogene 5: 691-9 (1990) The murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) F9 cells express an adenovirus EIa-like activity which is abolished after differentiation of these cells. We have examined the ability of the adenovirus EIa gene pr90265610 Phi 80 transcription antitermination complex: a 15 kDa host-coded protein interacts with the gene N transcription antitermination protein of bacteriophage phi 80. Kanemoto K; Miyashita T; Matsushiro A Biochem Biophys Res Commun 168: 972-8 (1990) We purified the transcription antitermination complex of phi 80 (phi 80-pN complex). This complex had a molecular weight of approx. 42,000, and the subunits of this complex could be separated by SDS p90267493 DNA-directed oligomerization of the monomeric Ner repressor from the Mu-like bacteriophage D108. Kukolj G; Tolias PP; Autexier C; DuBow MS EMBO J 8: 3141-8 (1989) We have purified the 8.6 kd ner gene product (a lambda Cro-like protein which negatively regulates transcription from two divergent and overlapping promoters) from the Mu-like transposable bacteriopha90059902 The X protein of the hepatitis B virus acts as a transcription factor when targeted to its responsive element. Unger T; Shaul Y EMBO J 9: 1889-95 (1990) The X protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) stimulates transcription of a large number of viral enhancers. This protein augments the activity of the HBV enhancer through a specific cis element, termed X 90269224 A nuclear factor for IL-6 expression (NF-IL6) is a member of a C/EBP family. Akira S; Isshiki H; Sugita T; Tanabe O; Kinoshita S; Nishio Y; Nakajima T; Hirano T; Kishimoto T EMBO J 9: 1897-906 (1990) NF-IL6 is a nuclear factor that specifically binds to an IL1-responsive element in the IL-6 gene. In this study the gene encoding NF-IL6 has been cloned by direct screening of a lambda gt11 library us90269225 PEA3 is a nuclear target for transcription activation by non-nuclear oncogenes. Wasylyk C; Flores P; Gutman A; Wasylyk B EMBO J 8: 3371-8 (1989) We have found that the activity of the transcription factor PEA3 is regulated by the expression of non-nuclear oncogenes. This factor, although distinct from PEA1 (AP1), is activated by the same oncog90059931 Regulation of human glutathione S-transferase pi gene transcription: influence of 5'-flanking sequences and trans-activating factors which recognize AP-1-binding sites. Morrow CS; Goldsmith ME; Cowan KH Gene 88: 215-25 (1990) To investigate the transcriptional regulation of human glutathione S-transferase pi (GST pi) gene expression, we fused the GST pi promoter, including 2203 bp of the 5'-flanking region, exon 1, and mos90269610 Identification of a functional intermediate in receptor activation in progesterone-dependent cell-free transcription. Bagchi MK; Tsai SY; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Nature 345: 547-50 (1990) The steroid hormone, progesterone, enhances transcription in vivo from promoters containing progesterone response elements (PREs). We have recently shown that the progesterone receptor (PR) modulates 90271985 Molecular analysis of the asense gene, a member of the achaete-scute complex of Drosophila melanogaster, and its novel role in optic lobe development. Gonzalez F; Romani S; Cubas P; Modolell J; Campuzano S EMBO J 8: 3553-62 (1989) The achaete-scute complex (AS-C) comprises five genetic regions: achaete, scute (sc) alpha, lethal of sc, sc beta and sc gamma. Each region promotes the determination and positional specification of d90059952 The embryonal carcinoma stem cell Ela-like activity involves a differentiation-regulated transcription factor. La Thangue NB; Thimmappaya B; Rigby PW Nucleic Acids Res 18: 2929-38 (1990) Murine F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cells have an Ela-like transcription activity that is undetectable in F9 cells differentiated to parietal endoderm-like cells (F9-PE). The Ela-inducible adenovi90272397 Autoregulation of fos: the dyad symmetry element as the major target of repression. Konig H; Ponta H; Rahmsdorf U; Buscher M; Schonthal A; Rahmsdorf HJ; Herrlich P EMBO J 8: 2559-66 (1989) Fos and Jun co-operatively repress the fos promoter. Removal of all putative Fos/Jun binding sites from the fos promoter neither obliterates the repression by Fos/Jun in transient cotransfection exper90060015 Negative and positive regulation by transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein is modulated by phosphorylation. Lamph WW; Dwarki VJ; Ofir R; Montminy M; Verma IM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 4320-4 (1990) We have shown that the transcriptional activity of the protooncogene jun (c-jun) promoter is repressed by a transcription factor, the cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). This repression can 90272705 Early transcription factor subunits are encoded by vaccinia virus late genes. Gershon PD; Moss B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 4401-5 (1990) The vaccinia virus early transcription factor (VETF) was shown to be a virus-encoded heterodimer. The gene for the 82-kDa subunit was identified as open reading frame (ORF) A8L, based on the N-termina90272720 Regulation of cytokine and growth factor gene expression in human bone marrow stromal cells transformed with simian virus 40. Slack JL; Nemunaitis J; Andrews DF 3d; Singer JW Blood 75: 2319-27 (1990) Marrow stromal cells are thought to regulate hematopoiesis by producing colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) and other cytokines, either constitutively or in response to mediators such as interleukin-1 a90275259 Repression of c-fos transcription is mediated through p67SRF bound to the SRE. Shaw PE; Frasch S; Nordheim A EMBO J 8: 2567-74 (1989) Human c-fos expression is subject to tight transcriptional control. The gene is expressed at a high, constitutive level in some cell types and at a very low, but rapidly inducible level in many others90060016 Multiple GF-1 binding sites flank the erythroid specific transcription unit of the human carbonic anhydrase I gene. Brady HJ; Sowden JC; Edwards M; Lowe N; Butterworth PH FEBS Lett 257: 451-6 (1989) Six potential GF-1 sites which bind an erythroid factor are present in the 5' and 3' regions flanking the erythroid-specific transcription unit of the human carbonic anhydrase I (HCAI) gene. When two 90060378 Specific spatial and temporal distribution of retinoic acid receptor gamma transcripts during mouse embryogenesis. Ruberte E; Dolle P; Krust A; Zelent A; Morriss-Kay G; Chambon P Development 108: 213-22 (1990) Retinoic acid (RA), a putative morphogen in vertebrates, has profound effects on development during embryogenesis, chondrogenesis and differentiation of squamous epithelia. The distribution of the tra90276243 Identification of growth-factor-inducible genes in mouse fibroblasts. Bravo R; Zerial M; Toschi L; Schurmann M; Muller R; Hirai SI; Yaniv M; Almendral JM; Ryseck RP Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 901-5 (1988) 89337557 The expression of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc genes is regulated by heat shock in human lymphoid cells. Bukh A; Martinez-Valdez H; Freedman SJ; Freedman MH; Cohen A J Immunol 144: 4835-40 (1990) The effect of heat shock on the expression of the nuclear protooncogenes c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc was studied in human lymphoid cells. Heat shock caused an increase in c-fos and c-jun mRNA levels and a90278097 The mammalian upstream element factor recognizes two sites in the adenovirus type 2 IVa2-major late promoter intergenic region and stimulates both promoters. Moncollin V; Kempf A; Egly JM J Virol 64: 3199-206 (1990) The adenovirus type 2 major late upstream element factor (UEF) recognizes two similar elements that lie between the major late promoter (MLP) and IVa2 promoter cap sites (the previously characterized 90279047 Transcription of the 5 S rRNA gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires a promoter element at +1 and a 14-base pair internal control region. Challice JM; Segall J J Biol Chem 264: 20060-7 (1989) In vitro transcription of templates containing deletion-substitution mutations has localized two essential promoter elements of the 5 S rRNA gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A promoter element spanni90062118 Identification and characterization of a novel transcription factor participating in the expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha. Jacob WF; Silverman TA; Cohen RB; Safer B J Biol Chem 264: 20372-84 (1989) We have recently cloned and characterized the promoter region of the gene encoding eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF-2 alpha) to identify regulatory elements of this housekeeping gene. We comp90062168 The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early protein EB2 is a posttranscriptional activator expressed under the control of EBV transcription factors EB1 and R. Buisson M; Manet E; Trescol-Biemont MC; Gruffat H; Durand B; Sergeant A J Virol 63: 5276-84 (1989) From the cloning and characterization of cDNAs, we found that the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) open reading frame (ORF) BMLF1-BSLF2 coding for the early protein EB2 is present in several mRNAs generated b90064794 Replication-dependent activation of the adenovirus major late promoter is mediated by the increased binding of a transcription factor to sequences in the first intron. Jansen-Durr P; Mondesert G; Kedinger C J Virol 63: 5124-32 (1989) During lytic infection, the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) is primarily activated after the onset of viral DNA replication. Using a combination of DNA binding and in vitro transcription assays, 90064776 Transcriptional repression of the neu protooncogene by the adenovirus 5 E1A gene products. Yu D; Suen TC; Yan DH; Chang LS; Hung MC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 4499-503 (1990) Amplification/overexpression of the human neu protooncogene has been frequently found in human primary breast and ovarian cancers and is correlated with the number of axillary lymph nodes positive for90280403 Transcriptional activation by Sp1 as directed through TATA or initiator: specific requirement for mammalian transcription factor IID. Smale ST; Schmidt MC; Berk AJ; Baltimore D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 4509-13 (1990) Transcription of mammalian genes by RNA polymerase II often begins at a specific nucleotide, whose location is determined either by an upstream DNA element known as a TATA box or by an element positio90280405 Cooperative interactions between transcription factors Sp1 and OTF-1. Janson L; Pettersson U Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 4732-6 (1990) We have examined whether the functional synergism between transcription factors Sp1 and OTF-1 involves cooperativity in binding. To demonstrate cooperativity, synthetic enhancers were constructed in w90280449 [The partial recA-lexA dependence of the adaptive response of Escherichia coli to exposure to methylmethane sulfonate] Zhestianikov VD; Janovska E; Savel'eva GE Tsitologiia 31: 1478-84 (1989) A study was made of the adaptive response to methylmethane sulfonate (MMS) in E. coli. (18 strains of B, WP2, and H/r30 groups, including three strains of bacteria with pKM101 plasmid). The adaptation90281437 Identification and characterization of an adenovirus 2 major late promoter CAP sequence DNA-binding protein. Garfinkel S; Thompson JA; Jacob WF; Cohen R; Safer B J Biol Chem 265: 10309-19 (1990) DNase I footprint analysis of the core adenovirus 2 (Ad2) major late promoter (MLP) has revealed distinct patterns of protection corresponding to the assembly of transcription components during transc90285150 Transcriptional regulation of the cytR repressor gene of Escherichia coli: autoregulation and positive control by the cAMP/CAP complex. Gerlach P; Valentin-Hansen P; Bremer E Mol Microbiol 4: 479-88 (1990) The Escherichia coli cytR-encoded repressor protein (CytR) controls the expression of several genes involved in nucleoside and deoxynucleoside uptake and metabolism. The cytR promoter was identified b90286924 Conversion of the lac repressor into an allosterically regulated transcriptional activator for mammalian cells. Labow MA; Baim SB; Shenk T; Levine AJ Mol Cell Biol 10: 3343-56 (1990) A novel mammalian regulatory system was created by using the Escherichia coli lac repressor. The lac repressor was converted into a mammalian transcriptional activator by modifying the lac repressor c90287124 DNA-binding and transcriptional properties of human transcription factor TFIID after mild proteolysis. Van Dyke MW; Sawadogo M Mol Cell Biol 10: 3415-20 (1990) The existence of separable functions within the human class II general transcription factor TFIID was probed for differential sensitivity to mild proteolytic treatment. Independent of whether TFIID wa90287131 The serum-inducible mouse gene Krox-24 encodes a sequence-specific transcriptional activator. Lemaire P; Vesque C; Schmitt J; Stunnenberg H; Frank R; Charnay P Mol Cell Biol 10: 3456-67 (1990) The mouse gene Krox-24 is transiently activated during cell cycle reentry. It encodes a protein with three zinc fingers similar to those of the transcription factor Sp1. Here we present a biochemical 90287135 Identification of the serum-responsive transcription initiation site of the zinc finger gene Krox-20. Cortner J; Farnham PJ Mol Cell Biol 10: 3788-91 (1990) The Krox-20 gene is rapidly and transiently induced when quiescent 3T3 cells are stimulated to reenter the proliferative cycle. We identified the major serum-responsive transcription initiation site a90287170 Multiple sequence elements of a single functional class are required for cyclic AMP responsiveness of the mouse c-fos promoter. Berkowitz LA; Riabowol KT; Gilman MZ Mol Cell Biol 9: 4272-81 (1989) Agents that elevate the intracellular concentration of cyclic AMP (cAMP) rapidly and transiently induce expression of the c-fos proto-oncogene in BALB/c 3T3 cells. We show that the mouse c-fos promote90066433 Interleukin-6 induction by tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 in human fibroblasts involves activation of a nuclear factor binding to a kappa B-like sequence. Zhang YH; Lin JX; Vilcek J Mol Cell Biol 10: 3818-23 (1990) Using variable-length deletion constructs of the 5'-flanking region of the human interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, we showed that the region from position90287177 Involvement of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in the signal transduction pathway for interleukin-1. Chedid M; Mizel SB Mol Cell Biol 10: 3824-7 (1990) Expression of a highly specific protein inhibitor for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases in interleukin-1 (IL-1)-responsive cells blocked IL-1-induced gene transcription that was driven by the kappa90287178 Differential expression of jun and fos genes during differentiation of mouse P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. de Groot RP; Schoorlemmer J; van Genesen ST; Kruijer W Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3195-202 (1990) The jun and fos gene families encode DNA binding proteins involved in transcriptional regulation of genes containing a TPA responsive element (TRE). To study their role in gene regulation during early90287693 Distinguishable promoter elements are involved in transcriptional activation by E1a and cyclic AMP. Lee KA; Fink JS; Goodman RH; Green MR Mol Cell Biol 9: 4390-7 (1989) The sequence motif CGTCA is critical for binding of a group of cellular transcription factors (ATF, CREB, E4F, and EivF) and for activation of certain E1a-inducible and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-inducible pro90066446 Identification of a yeast protein with properties similar to those of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer-binding protein NF-muE3. Beckmann H; Kadesch T Mol Cell Biol 9: 4535-40 (1989) We demonstrate that Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells possess a 33-41-kilodalton protein with DNA-binding properties remarkably similar to those of the immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein NF-muE3. We90066465 The pat1 protein kinase controls transcription of the mating-type genes in fission yeast. Nielsen O; Egel R EMBO J 9: 1401-6 (1990) The developmental programme of fission yeast brings about a transition from mitotic cell division to the dormant state of ascospores. In response to nitrogen starvation, two cells of opposite mating t90228336 Mating-type control in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: isolation and characterization of mutants defective in repression by a1-alpha 2. Harashima S; Miller AM; Tanaka K; Kusumoto K; Tanaka K; Mukai Y; Nasmyth K; Oshima Y Mol Cell Biol 9: 4523-30 (1989) The alpha 2 protein, the product of the MAT alpha 2 cistron, represses various genes specific to the a mating type (alpha 2 repression), and when combined with the MATa1 gene product, it represses MAT90066463 Analysis by cell-free transcription of the liver-specific pyruvate kinase gene promoter. Vaulont S; Puzenat N; Kahn A; Raymondjean M Mol Cell Biol 9: 4409-15 (1989) A DNA fragment spanning nucleotides -183 to -4 with respect to the cap site of the rat L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene contains at least four binding sites for putative transcriptional factors: hep90066449 Transcription factors different from the estrogen receptor stimulate in vitro transcription from promoters containing estrogen response elements. Kaling M; Weimar-Ehl T; Kleinhans M; Ryffel GU Mol Cell Endocrinol 69: 167-78 (1990) The estrogen response element (ERE) directly linked to a TATA box induces CAT activity in a hormone-dependent manner in Fe 33 cells, the rat hepatoma cell line FTO-2B, stably transfected with the huma90228590 Transcription factor MBF-I interacts with metal regulatory elements of higher eucaryotic metallothionein genes. Imbert J; Zafarullah M; Culotta VC; Gedamu L; Hamer D Mol Cell Biol 9: 5315-23 (1989) Metallothionein (MT) gene promoters in higher eucaryotes contain multiple metal regulatory elements (MREs) that are responsible for the metal induction of MT gene transcription. We identified and puri90066481 A nuclear factor I-like activity and a liver-specific repressor govern estrogen-regulated in vitro transcription from the Xenopus laevis vitellogenin B1 promoter. Corthesy B; Cardinaux JR; Claret FX; Wahli W Mol Cell Biol 9: 5548-62 (1989) A hormone-controlled in vitro transcription system derived from Xenopus liver nuclear extracts was exploited to identify novel cis-acting elements within the vitellogenin gene B1 promoter region. In a90066507 Lambda nutR mutations convert HK022 Nun protein from a transcription termination factor to a suppressor of termination. Robledo R; Gottesman ME; Weisberg RA J Mol Biol 212: 635-43 (1990) The Nun protein of the lambdoid phage HK022 blocks lambda growth by terminating transcription at (or near) the lambda nut sites. An HK022 lysogen carrying a fusion of the lambda pR promoter and nutR s90230302 Histone H1 represses transcription from minichromosomes assembled in vitro. Shimamura A; Sapp M; Rodriguez-Campos A; Worcel A Mol Cell Biol 9: 5573-84 (1989) We have previously shown that transcription from a Xenopus 5S rRNA gene assembled into chromatin in vitro can be repressed in the absence of histone H1 at high nucleosome densities (one nucleosome per90066509 Transcription initiation. In search of the single factor [news] Paule MR Nature 344: 819-20 (1990) 90231430 Nucleolar transcription factor hUBF contains a DNA-binding motif with homology to HMG proteins. Jantzen HM; Admon A; Bell SP; Tjian R Nature 344: 830-6 (1990) The eukaryotic upstream binding factor (UBF), recognizes the ribosomal RNA gene promoter and activates transcription mediated by RNA polymerase I through cooperative interactions with the species-spec90231434 RNA polymerase II transcription blocked by Escherichia coli lac repressor. Deuschle U; Hipskind RA; Bujard H Science 248: 480-3 (1990) A reversible block to RNA polymerase II transcriptional elongation has been created with a lac operator sequence in the intron of the SV40 large T-antigen gene. When this transcription unit is injecte90232359 A family of POU-domain and Pit-1 tissue-specific transcription factors in pituitary and neuroendocrine development. Ingraham HA; Albert VR; Chen RP; Crenshaw 3d EB; Elsholtz HP; He X; Kapiloff MS; Mangalam HJ; Swanson LW; Treacy MN; et al Annu Rev Physiol 52: 773-91 (1990) The anterior pituitary gland provides a model for investigating the molecular basis for the appearance of phenotypically distinct cell types, within an organ, a central question in development. The ra90233789 Cellular activation and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Virelizier JL Curr Opin Immunol 2: 409-13 (1989) 90234251 A direct role for C/EBP and the AP-I-binding site in gene expression linked to adipocyte differentiation. Herrera R; Ro HS; Robinson GS; Xanthopoulos KG; Spiegelman BM Mol Cell Biol 9: 5331-9 (1989) Adipocyte differentiation is accompanied by the transcriptional activation of many new genes, including the gene encoding adipocyte P2 (aP2), an intracellular lipid-binding protein. Using specific del90066483 DBP, a liver-enriched transcriptional activator, is expressed late in ontogeny and its tissue specificity is determined posttranscriptionally. Mueller CR; Maire P; Schibler U Cell 61: 279-91 (1990) The full-length cDNA for a transcriptional activator, DBP, that binds to the D site of the albumin promoter has been cloned. DBP belongs to a family of related transcription factors including Fos, Jun90235277 Gene duplication in the evolution of the two complementing domains of gram-negative bacterial tetracycline efflux proteins. Rubin RA; Levy SB; Heinrikson RL; Kezdy FJ Gene 87: 7-13 (1990) The resistance of Gram- bacteria to the broad-spectrum antibiotic tetracycline (Tc) results from energy-dependent drug efflux mediated by the tet gene product, the cytoplasmic membrane Tet protein. Am90236300 Interdomain hybrid Tet proteins confer tetracycline resistance only when they are derived from closely related members of the tet gene family. Rubin RA; Levy SB J Bacteriol 172: 2303-12 (1990) Inner membrane Tet proteins encoded by tet genes in gram-negative bacteria mediate resistance to tetracycline (Tcr) by directing its export. Total sequences for class A, B, and C tet genes demonstrate90236883 Mutations in the ATP-binding domain of Escherichia coli rho factor affect transcription termination in vivo. Dombroski AJ; Platt T J Bacteriol 172: 2477-84 (1990) Five mutant rho proteins, representing alterations at three different locations in the Escherichia coli rho gene that affect ATP hydrolytic activity but not RNA binding, were examined in vivo for func90236906 Transcriptional regulation of the heat shock regulatory gene rpoH in Escherichia coli: involvement of a novel catabolite-sensitive promoter. Nagai H; Yano R; Erickson JW; Yura T J Bacteriol 172: 2710-5 (1990) A catabolite-sensitive promoter was found to be involved in transcription of the heat shock regulatory gene rpoH encoding the sigma 32 protein. Expression of lacZ from the operon fusion, rpoHp-lacZ, w90236936 A transcription stimulatory factor binds to the upstream region of Xenopus 5 S RNA and tRNA genes. Oei SL; Pieler T J Biol Chem 265: 7485-91 (1990) Upstream sequence elements modulate transcription efficiency and competition strength of eucaryotic 5 S rRNA and tRNA genes transcribed by RNA polymerase III. We report on the chromatographic separati90237049 Transcription initiated by RNA polymerase II and purified transcription factors from liver. Cooperative action of transcription factors tau and epsilon in initial complex formation. Conaway JW; Reines D; Conaway RC J Biol Chem 265: 7552-8 (1990) Synthesis of accurately initiated transcripts has been reconstituted with RNA polymerase II and a set of five transcription factors purified from rat liver. In addition to three previously identified 90237059 Transcription initiated by RNA polymerase II and purified transcription factors from liver. Transcription factors alpha, beta gamma, and delta promote formation of intermediates in assembly of the funConaway RC; Conaway JW J Biol Chem 265: 7559-63 (1990) Accurate initiation at promoters by RNA polymerase II in a highly purified transcription system from rat liver depends on five accessory factors, which comprise two functional classes: (i) "promoter r90237060 Transcription initiated by RNA polymerase II and purified transcription factors from liver. A complex set of promoter sequences governs formation of the initial complex. Conaway JW; Travis E; Conaway RC J Biol Chem 265: 7564-9 (1990) Using a transcription system derived from rat liver, we have investigated the function of the TATA-box and cap site/initiator regions in assembly of stable intermediates on the pathway leading to form90237061 Binding site-dependent direct activation and repression of in vitro transcription by Drosophila homeodomain proteins. Ohkuma Y; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG; Desplan C Cell 61: 475-84 (1990) Fushi tarazu and engrailed are two of the genes required for proper segmentation of the Drosophila embryo. Their protein products Fushi tarazu and Engrailed (Ftz and En) each contain a homeodomain and90242393 Jun-Fos and receptors for vitamins A and D recognize a common response element in the human osteocalcin gene. Schule R; Umesono K; Mangelsdorf DJ; Bolado J; Pike JW; Evans RM Cell 61: 497-504 (1990) We present evidence that the vitamin D response element in the human osteocalcin gene confers responsiveness to the vitamin A metabolite, retinoic acid. Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) expressed in E. co90242395 An NF1-related vitellogenin activator element mediates transcription from the estrogen-regulated Xenopus laevis vitellogenin promoter. Chang TC; Shapiro DJ J Biol Chem 265: 8176-82 (1990) We have used a homologous transfection system employing cell lines derived from Xenopus hepatocytes and fibroblasts and cloned Xenopus estrogen receptor to identify a DNA sequence essential for effici90243697 Interaction of host cell proteins with the human T-cell leukemia virus type I transcriptional control region. II. A comprehensive map of protein-binding sites facilitates construction of a simple chimNyborg JK; Matthews MA; Yucel J; Walls L; Golde WT; Dynan WS; Wachsman W J Biol Chem 265: 8237-42 (1990) We present a map describing the binding of cellular proteins to a 300-base pair (bp) region of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) long terminal repeat. The map accounts for nearly all of 90243706 Two different RNA polymerase II initiation complexes can assemble on the rat brain creatine kinase promoter. Mitchell MT; Benfield PA J Biol Chem 265: 8259-67 (1990) The rat brain creatine kinase (CKB) gene has a structurally complex promoter. Although it contains a consensus RNA polymerase II TATA box, this is located at -60 relative to the main transcription sta90243709 Activation of the E2F transcription factor in adenovirus-infected cells involves E1A-dependent stimulation of DNA-binding activity and induction of cooperative binding mediated by an E4 gene product. Raychaudhuri P; Bagchi S; Neill SD; Nevins JR J Virol 64: 2702-10 (1990) Previous experiments have demonstrated that the DNA-binding activity of the E2F transcription factor is increased upon adenovirus infection and that both the E1A and E4 genes are required for activati90244382 Mutations which alter the level or structure of nsP4 can affect the efficiency of Sindbis virus replication in a host-dependent manner. Lemm JA; Durbin RK; Stollar V; Rice CM J Virol 64: 3001-11 (1990) Two mutants of Sindbis virus have been isolated which grow inefficiently at 34.5 degrees C in mosquito cells yet replicate normally in chicken embryo fibroblast cells at the same temperature. In addit90244417 Interaction of RNA polymerase I transcription factors with a promoter in the nontranscribed spacer of rat ribosomal DNA. Smith SD; Oriahi E; Yang-Yen HF; Xie WQ; Chen C; Rothblum LI Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1677-85 (1990) The spacer promoter of the rat rDNA repeat consists of two functional domains: a core (proximal) element that is sufficient for transcription in vitro, and an upstream (distal) promoter element that i90245554 A relational database of transcription factors. Ghosh D Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1749-56 (1990) Recent advances in the understanding of eukaryotic gene regulation have produced an extensive body of transcriptionally-related sequence information in the biological literature, and have created a ne90245563 A family of positive regulators related to the Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid XylS and the Escherichia coli AraC activators. Ramos JL; Rojo F; Zhou L; Timmis KN Nucleic Acids Res 18: 2149-52 (1990) The XylS family consists of a least 8 different transcriptional regulators. Six of these proteins are positive regulators for the catabolism of carbon sources (benzoate and sugars) in Escherichia coli90245662 Synergistic activation by the glutamine-rich domains of human transcription factor Sp1. Courey AJ; Holtzman DA; Jackson SP; Tjian R Cell 59: 827-36 (1989) We have examined the role of protein-protein interactions in modulating the activity of Sp1, a human transcription factor that utilizes glutamine-rich activation domains. These domains may represent a90075227 Genetic evidence that RNA polymerase associated with sigma A factor uses a sporulation-specific promoter in Bacillus subtilis. Kenney TJ; York K; Youngman P; Moran CP Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 9109-13 (1989) The construction of allele-specific suppressor mutations has enabled us to demonstrate that a sporulation-specific transcription unit in Bacillus subtilis, the spoIIG operon, is transcribed by a form 90083217 A putative AP-2 binding site in the 5' flanking region of the mouse POMC gene. Bishop JF; Rinaudo MS; Ritter JK; Chang AC; Conant K; Gehlert DR FEBS Lett 264: 125-9 (1990) Using extracts of AtT-20 cell nuclei, protein binding sites on the POMC gene 5'-flanking region were examined with an exonuclease protection approach. One such binding site, located from -119 to -106 90249494 TFE3: a helix-loop-helix protein that activates transcription through the immunoglobulin enhancer muE3 motif. Beckmann H; Su LK; Kadesch T Genes Dev 4: 167-79 (1990) The muE3 motif within the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer is required for full enhancer activity and is known to bind one, or perhaps a family, of related ubiquitous nuclear proteins. Here, we pre90249724 Transcription factor LSF binds two variant bipartite sites within the SV40 late promoter. Huang HC; Sundseth R; Hansen U Genes Dev 4: 287-98 (1990) The HeLa transcription factor LSF has been purified by heparin-agarose and DNA affinity chromatography, and its DNA binding and transcription properties have been characterized. LSF is a 63-kD polypep90249734 DNA looping in cellular repression of transcription of the galactose operon. Mandal N; Su W; Haber R; Adhya S; Echols H Genes Dev 4: 410-8 (1990) Communication between distant DNA sites is a central feature of many DNA transactions. Negative regulation of the galactose (gal) operon of Escherichia coli requires repressor binding to two operator 90249745 Transcriptional regulation of human gamma globin gene expression. McDonagh KT; Lin H; Bodine DM; Lowrey C; Purucker M; Ley T; Nienhuis AW Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 149-62 (1989) 90083346 Activation of ara operons by a truncated AraC protein does not require inducer. Menon KP; Lee NL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3708-12 (1990) The araC gene of Escherichia coli encodes a protein that binds the inducer L-arabinose to activate the transcription of three ara operons. In a study to determine the functional domains within the Ara90251626 Ultrasensitivity and heavy-metal selectivity of the allosterically modulated MerR transcription complex. Ralston DM; O'Halloran TV Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3846-50 (1990) The MerR metalloregulatory protein is a heavy-metal receptor that functions as the repressor and Hg(II)-responsive transcription activator of the prokaryotic mercury-resistance (mer) genes. We demonst90251654 Lesion-induced increase in nerve growth factor mRNA is mediated by c-fos. Hengerer B; Lindholm D; Heumann R; Ruther U; Wagner EF; Thoenen H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3899-903 (1990) Lesion of the sciatic nerve caused a rapid increase in c-fos and c-jun mRNA that was followed about 2 hr later by an increase in nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA. To evaluate whether the initial increas90251664 Involvement of an initiation factor and protein phosphorylation in translational control of GCN4 mRNA. Hinnebusch AG Trends Biochem Sci 15: 148-52 (1990) Regulation of the GCN4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is one of the best-documented instances of gene-specific translational control in an eukaryote. Upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in GCN4 mRN90252306 Transcription control and differentiation: the HLH family, c-myc and C/EBP. Kingston RE Curr Opin Cell Biol 1: 1081-7 (1989) 90253784 Herpes simplex virus Vmw65-octamer binding protein interaction: a paradigm for combinatorial control of transcription. Goding CR; O'Hare P Virology 173: 363-7 (1989) The transcriptional status of a given viral or cellular gene is determined both by the availability of functional transcription factors and by the combination and spatial arrangement of the cis-acting90085784 GAL4 mutations that separate the transcriptional activation and GAL80-interactive functions of the yeast GAL4 protein. Salmeron JM Jr; Leuther KK; Johnston SA Genetics 125: 21-7 (1990) The carboxy-terminal 28 amino acids of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional activator protein GAL4 execute two functions--transcriptional activation and interaction with the negative regulator90255949 The bacteriophage T4 gene mrh whose product inhibits late T4 gene expression in an Escherichia coli rpoH (sigma 32) mutant. Frazier MW; Mosig G Gene 88: 7-14 (1990) In an Escherichia coli rpoH mutant (affecting sigma 32, heat-shock sigma factor) infected at high temperatures with wild-type T4 phage, late T4 transcription and consequently progeny production are dr90255970 Regulation of proenkephalin by Fos and Jun. Sonnenberg JL; Rauscher FJ 3d; Morgan JI; Curran T Science 246: 1622-5 (1989) Fos and Jun form a heterodimeric complex that associates with the nucleotide sequence motif known as the AP-1 binding site. Although this complex has been proposed to function as a transcriptional reg90084525 The carboxyl-terminal repeat domain of RNA polymerase II is not required for transcription factor Sp1 to function in vitro. Zehring WA; Greenleaf AL J Biol Chem 265: 8351-3 (1990) We show that the mammalian transcription Sp1 stimulates accurate transcription in a partially fractionated RNA polymerase II-dependent system from Drosophila cultured cells. Moreover, the extent of st90256739 Purification and biochemical characterization of hepatocyte nuclear factor 2 involved in liver-specific transcription of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene. Rangan VS; Das GC J Biol Chem 265: 8874-9 (1990) The upstream region of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene binds liver-specific proteins. Two of these proteins, hepatocyte nuclear factors 1 and 2, are essential for liver-specific transcription of th90256819 Characterization of the promoter elements required for hepatic and intestinal transcription of the human apoB gene: definition of the DNA-binding site of a tissue-specific transcriptional factor. Kardassis D; Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M; Ramji DP; Cortese R; Zannis VI; Cladaras C Mol Cell Biol 10: 2653-9 (1990) The promoter elements important for intestinal and hepatic transcription of the human apoB gene have been localized downstream of nucleotide -150. Footprinting analysis using hepatic nuclear extracts 90258851 Localization of sequences required in cis for yeast Ty1 element transposition near the long terminal repeats: analysis of mini-Ty1 elements. Xu H; Boeke JD Mol Cell Biol 10: 2695-702 (1990) In order to identify and characterize sequences within Ty1 elements which are required in cis for transposition, a series of mini-Ty1 plasmids were constructed and tested for transposition. Mini-Ty1s 90258856 Identification of positive-acting domains in GCN2 protein kinase required for translational activation of GCN4 expression. Wek RC; Ramirez M; Jackson BM; Hinnebusch AG Mol Cell Biol 10: 2820-31 (1990) GCN4 is a transcriptional activator of amino acid-biosynthetic genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. GCN2, a translational activator of GCN4 expression, contains a domain homologous to the cata90258870 Analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae his3 transcription in vitro: biochemical support for multiple mechanisms of transcription. Ponticelli AS; Struhl K Mol Cell Biol 10: 2832-9 (1990) The promoter region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae his3 gene contains two TATA elements, TC and TR, that direct transcription initiation to two sites designated +1 and +13. On the basis of difference90258871 A novel tumor necrosis factor-responsive transcription factor which recognizes a regulatory element in hemopoietic growth factor genes. Shannon MF; Pell LM; Lenardo MJ; Kuczek ES; Occhiodoro FS; Dunn SM; Vadas MA Mol Cell Biol 10: 2950-9 (1990) A conserved DNA sequence element, termed cytokine 1 (CK-1), is found in the promoter regions of many hemopoietic growth factor (HGF) genes. Mutational analyses and modification interference experiment90258885 Interferon-regulatory factor 1 is an immediate-early gene under transcriptional regulation by prolactin in Nb2 T cells. Yu-Lee LY; Hrachovy JA; Stevens AM; Schwarz LA Mol Cell Biol 10: 3087-94 (1990) The pituitary peptide hormone prolactin (Prl) is a potent inducer of Nb2 T lymphoma cell proliferation. To analyze the early genetic response to the mitogenic signals of Prl, a cDNA library was constr90258900 Characterization of factors that direct transcription of rat ribosomal DNA. Smith SD; Oriahi E; Lowe D; Yang-Yen HF; O'Mahony D; Rose K; Chen K; Rothblum LI Mol Cell Biol 10: 3105-16 (1990) The protein components that direct and activate accurate transcription by rat RNA polymerase I were studied in extracts of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells. A minimum of at least two components, beside90258902 Maximal stress-induced transcription from the human HSP70 promoter requires interactions with the basal promoter elements independent of rotational alignment. Williams GT; Morimoto RI Mol Cell Biol 10: 3125-36 (1990) Transcription of the human HSP70 gene is regulated by a complex array of cis-acting promoter elements that respond to conditions that include normal conditions of cell growth and induction following p90258904 Involvement of a second lymphoid-specific enhancer element in the regulation of immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene expression. Libermann TA; Lenardo M; Baltimore D Mol Cell Biol 10: 3155-62 (1990) To determine whether enhancer elements in addition to the highly conserved octamer (OCTA)-nucleotide motif are important for lymphoid-specific expression of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IgH) gene, 90258907 c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun regulation in the regenerating livers of normal and H-2K/c-myc transgenic mice. Morello D; Fitzgerald MJ; Babinet C; Fausto N Mol Cell Biol 10: 3185-93 (1990) We investigated the mechanisms of regulation of c-myc, c-fos, and c-jun at the early stages of liver regeneration in mice. We show that the transient increase in steady-state levels of c-myc mRNA at t90258910 The upstream sequence -537 to -278 is necessary for transcription of the human nucleolar antigen p120 gene. Haidar MA; Henning D; Busch H Mol Cell Biol 10: 3253-5 (1990) Two cis-acting elements in the p120 gene play important roles in transcription; the region from -537 to -278 is necessary for initiation of transcription, and the region from -1426 to -1223 is necessa90258919 How different eukaryotic transcriptional activators can cooperate promiscuously. Lin YS; Carey M; Ptashne M; Green MR Nature 345: 359-61 (1990) A striking characteristic of many different eukaryotic transcriptional activators is their ability to activate gene expression synergistically. Thus, for example, the rat glucocorticoid receptor and t90259078 A mechanism for synergistic activation of a mammalian gene by GAL4 derivatives. Carey M; Lin YS; Green MR; Ptashne M Nature 345: 361-4 (1990) In prokaryotes and eukaryotes many gene activators work synergistically. For example, two dimers of lambda repressor interact to promote binding of these proteins to DNA, a reaction that is crucial at90259079 Disruption of a C/EBP binding site in the factor IX promoter is associated with haemophilia B. Crossley M; Brownlee GG Nature 345: 444-6 (1990) Haemophilia B (or Christmas disease) is an inherited, X-linked bleeding disorder caused by mutations in the gene for clotting factor IX. There is a rare class of patients, exemplified by haemophilia B90259094 Thyroid specific gene expression. Sinclair AJ; Lonigro R; Civitareale D; Di Lauro R Adv Exp Med Biol 261: 373-89 (1989) 90261570 Expression of the NGF receptor gene in sensory neurons and their cutaneous targets prior to and during innervation. Wyatt S; Shooter EM; Davies AM Neuron 4: 421-7 (1990) We have studied the expression of NGF receptor (NGFR) mRNA in the mouse trigeminal system at closely staged intervals throughout development. The level of NGFR mRNA per neuron is at a constant low lev90198298 The macrophage and B cell-specific transcription factor PU.1 is related to the ets oncogene. Klemsz MJ; McKercher SR; Celada A; Van Beveren C; Maki RA Cell 61: 113-24 (1990) We have isolated a cDNA clone, PU.1, that codes for a new tissue-specific DNA binding protein. Analysis of the binding site by methylation interference and DNAase 1 protection revealed that the PU.1 p90199884 Interaction of upstream stimulatory factor with the human heme oxygenase gene promoter. Sato M; Ishizawa S; Yoshida T; Shibahara S Eur J Biochem 188: 231-7 (1990) Upstream stimulatory factor (USF), originally identified in HeLa cells, interacts with the upstream promoter sequence of adenovirus 2 major late promoter (Ad2MLP) and activates its transcription. USF 90201047 Dexamethasone negatively regulates phenobarbitone-activated transcription but synergistically enhances cytoplasmic levels of cytochrome P-450b/e messenger RNA. Rao MV; Rangarajan PN; Padmanaban G J Biol Chem 265: 5617-22 (1990) Dexamethasone has a potentiating effect on phenobarbitone mediated induction of cytochrome P-450b + e mRNAs in adult rat liver. However, the glucocorticoid inhibits phenobarbitone-activated transcript90202801 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Purification and subunit composition of transcription factor IIF. Flores O; Ha I; Reinberg D J Biol Chem 265: 5629-34 (1990) Transcription factor IIF (TFIIF), a protein factor required for transcription of class II genes, has been purified to near homogeneity. TFIIF is a heterodimer of 30- and 78-kDa polypeptides. Both the 90202803 Transport of divalent cations with tetracycline as mediated by the transposon Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance protein. Yamaguchi A; Udagawa T; Sawai T J Biol Chem 265: 4809-13 (1990) Tetracycline uptake into inverted membrane vesicles from Tn10-bearing Escherichia coli cells required divalent cations. The degree of the stimulation of tetracycline uptake by various divalent cations90202946 The transcription complex of the 5 S RNA gene, but not transcription factor IIIA alone, prevents nucleosomal repression of transcription. Tremethick D; Zucker K; Worcel A J Biol Chem 265: 5014-23 (1990) Assembly of nucleosomes on a 5 S DNA plasmid with histone H3.H4-N1 complex and histone H2A-H2B dimers causes a marked, 30-300-fold repression of 5 S RNA transcription. This repression is a time-depend90202979 Purified Drosophila transcription factor, Adh distal factor-1 (Adf-1), binds to sites in several Drosophila promoters and activates transcription. England BP; Heberlein U; Tjian R J Biol Chem 265: 5086-94 (1990) Adh distal factor-1 (Adf-1) is a sequence-specific DNA-binding activity originally identified in Drosophila tissue culture cells and embryos. Adf-1 binds to upstream recognition elements in each of th90202990 Regulation of tumor necrosis factor alpha transcription in macrophages: involvement of four kappa B-like motifs and of constitutive and inducible forms of NF-kappa B. Collart MA; Baeuerle P; Vassalli P Mol Cell Biol 10: 1498-506 (1990) This study characterizes the interaction of murine macrophage nuclear proteins with the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) promoter. Gel retardation and methylation interference assays showed tha90205828 Identification of a pancreatic beta-cell insulin gene transcription factor that binds to and appears to activate cell-type-specific expression: its possible relationship to other cellular factors thatWhelan J; Cordle SR; Henderson E; Weil PA; Stein R Mol Cell Biol 10: 1564-72 (1990) The insulin gene is expressed almost exclusively in pancreatic beta-cells. Previous work in our laboratory has shown that pancreatic beta-cell-specific expression of the rat insulin II gene is control90205836 mXBP/CRE-BP2 and c-Jun form a complex which binds to the cyclic AMP, but not to the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, response element. Ivashkiv LB; Liou HC; Kara CJ; Lamph WW; Verma IM; Glimcher LH Mol Cell Biol 10: 1609-21 (1990) Proto-oncogene products c-Fos and c-Jun form a complex which binds with high affinity to the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) response DNA element and which stimulates transcription of phorb90205841 Sp1 can displace GHF-1 from its distal binding site and stimulate transcription from the growth hormone gene promoter. Lemaigre FP; Lafontaine DA; Courtois SJ; Durviaux SM; Rousseau GG Mol Cell Biol 10: 1811-4 (1990) DNase I footprinting experiments showed that binding activities of Sp1 and of GHF-1 to its distal site on the human growth hormone gene promoter are mutually exclusive. The kinetics of GHF-1 binding w90205866 Sequencing and expression of complementary DNA for the general transcription factor BTF3. Zheng XM; Black D; Chambon P; Egly JM Nature 344: 556-9 (1990) The initiation of transcription of eukaryotic genes involves the ordered assembly of a multiprotein complex on proximal promoter elements such as the TATA box. In addition to RNA polymerase II (otherw90206080 Adenovirus E1A represses protease gene expression and inhibits metastasis of human tumor cells. Frisch SM; Reich R; Collier IE; Genrich LT; Martin G; Goldberg GI Oncogene 5: 75-83 (1990) Stable transfection of human tumor cell lines with the adenovirus-5 E1A gene repressed the expression of the secreted proteases, type IV collagenase, interstitial collagenase and urokinase. In additio90206614 A cDNA from a mouse pancreatic beta cell encoding a putative transcription factor of the insulin gene. Walker MD; Park CW; Rosen A; Aronheim A Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1159-66 (1990) Cell specific expression of the insulin gene is achieved through transcriptional mechanisms operating on multiple DNA sequence elements located in the 5' flanking region of the gene. Of particular imp90206774 Transcription factor USF from duck erythrocytes transactivates expression of the histone H5 gene in vitro by interacting with an intragenic sequence. During F; Gerhold H; Seifart KH Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1225-31 (1990) The duck histone H5 gene contains a 12 base pair (bp) sequence motif within the coding region, which shows homology in 10 out of 12 bp with the consensus sequence of the USF binding site in the Ad2ML-90206782 Ribosomal protein L4 stimulates in vitro termination of transcription at a NusA-dependent terminator in the S10 operon leader. Zengel JM; Lindahl L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 2675-9 (1990) The 11-gene S10 ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli is under the autogenous control of L4, the product of the third gene of the operon. Ribosomal protein L4 inhibits both transcription and tr90207259 UV cross-linking of distinct proteins to the PRDII domain of the interferon-beta promoter. Xanthoudakis S; Hiscott J Biochem Biophys Res Commun 167: 1086-93 (1990) The human interferon-beta gene (IFN-beta) is transcriptionally activated in a variety of cell types, mediated in part by a decameric element, designated the PRDII domain (-55 to -64) which is the targ90211285 Membrane depolarization and calcium induce c-fos transcription via phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB. Sheng M; McFadden G; Greenberg ME Neuron 4: 571-82 (1990) The mechanism by which the calcium influx signal, triggered by membrane depolarization, is transduced to the nucleus to activate c-fos proto-oncogene transcription has been characterized. A calcium re90211973 Rho-dependent transcription termination. Richardson JP Biochim Biophys Acta 1048: 127-38 (1990) 90212642 Positive and negative functional interactions between promoter elements from different classes of RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes. Parry HD; Mattaj IW EMBO J 9: 1097-104 (1990) Consensus tRNA gene promoter elements, A and B boxes, were introduced into the coding sequence of a Xenopus U6 gene. Combinations in which A and B boxes were coupled to wild-type or mutant U6 promoter90214618 Synergistic interaction between interferon-alpha and interferon-gamma through induced synthesis of one subunit of the transcription factor ISGF3. Levy DE; Lew DJ; Decker T; Kessler DS; Darnell JE Jr EMBO J 9: 1105-11 (1990) Interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) each induce in susceptible target cells a state of resistance to viral replication and reduced cellular proliferation, presumably through 90214619 Synergism in ternary complex formation between the dimeric glycoprotein p67SRF, polypeptide p62TCF and the c-fos serum response element. Schroter H; Mueller CG; Meese K; Nordheim A EMBO J 9: 1123-30 (1990) Transcriptional regulation of the c-fos proto-oncogene requires the serum response element (SRE) which is complexed by a multi-protein assembly observed both in vitro and in vivo. Two protein factors,90214621 Inactivation of the HIV LTR by DNA CpG methylation: evidence for a role in latency. Bednarik DP; Cook JA; Pitha PM EMBO J 9: 1157-64 (1990) Infection of cells by HIV can result in a period of quiescence or latency which may be obviated by treatment with inducing agents such as 5-azacytidine. Evidence from these experiments demonstrate the90214625 An upstream transcription factor, USF (MLTF), facilitates the formation of preinitiation complexes during in vitro chromatin assembly. Workman JL; Roeder RG; Kingston RE EMBO J 9: 1299-308 (1990) During in vitro chromatin assembly the formation of transcription complexes is in direct competition with the assembly of promoter sequences into nucleosomes. Under these conditions the fold stimulati90214642 Monocyte chemotactic and activating factor gene expression induced in endothelial cells by IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor. Sica A; Wang JM; Colotta F; Dejana E; Mantovani A; Oppenheim JJ; Larsen CG; Zachariae CO; Matsushima K J Immunol 144: 3034-8 (1990) Inflammation, thrombosis, and immunity involve close interactions between leukocytes and vascular endothelium. Endothelial cells represent both targets and producers of lymphokines. Our study was desi90217509 Adenovirus early region 3 promoter regulation by E1A/E1B is independent of alterations in DNA binding and gene activation of CREB/ATF and AP1. Kornuc M; Kliewer S; Garcia J; Harrich D; Li C; Gaynor R J Virol 64: 2004-13 (1990) Transcription of the adenovirus early region 3 promoter is strongly induced by the adenovirus E1A protein. Previous DNase I footprinting has indicated that four regions in this promoter serve as bindi90219197 Transcriptional regulation of early-response genes during polyomavirus infection. Glenn GM; Eckhart W J Virol 64: 2193-201 (1990) Infection of quiescent BALB/c 3T3 cells with polyomavirus leads to the biphasic accumulation of RNA from several early-response genes. The steady-state levels of RNA of c-fos, c-myc, and c-jun were de90219221 The adenovirus E4 17-kilodalton protein complexes with the cellular transcription factor E2F, altering its DNA-binding properties and stimulating E1A-independent accumulation of E2 mRNA. Marton MJ; Baim SB; Ornelles DA; Shenk T J Virol 64: 2345-59 (1990) E2F is a cellular DNA-binding factor. Its binding activity is changed within adenovirus-infected cells so that it binds cooperatively to pairs of properly spaced and oriented E2F recognition sites. In90219238 Differentiation-specific transcriptional regulation of the hepatitis B virus large surface antigen gene in human hepatoma cell lines. Raney AK; Milich DR; Easton AJ; McLachlan A J Virol 64: 2360-8 (1990) The transcriptional activities of the four hepatitis B virus promoters were compared in three differentiated hepatoma cell lines, HepG2, Hep3B, and PLC/PRF/5; a dedifferentiated subline of HepG2, HepG90219239 Promoter evolution in BK virus: functional elements are created at sequence junctions. Markowitz RB; Tolbert S; Dynan WS J Virol 64: 2411-5 (1990) The archetypal strain of BK virus directed very little early gene expression compared with rearranged laboratory strains of the virus. One laboratory strain that was analyzed in detail contained newly90219248 A cis downstream element participates in regulation of in vitro transcription initiation from the P38 promoter of minute virus of mice. Krauskopf A; Resnekov O; Aloni Y J Virol 64: 354-60 (1990) We report the use of a HeLa whole cell extract (WCE) runoff transcription system for the study of cis- and trans-acting elements, participating in the regulation of transcription initiation from the P90080140 The UGA3 gene regulating the GABA catabolic pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for a putative zinc-finger protein acting on RNA amount. Andre B Mol Gen Genet 220: 269-76 (1990) The UGA3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-dependent induction of the UGA1, UGA2 and UGA4 genes which encode the two GABA catabolic enzymes and a GABA-specifi90220499 A second sequence element located 3' to the NF-kappa B-binding site regulates IL-2 receptor-alpha gene induction. Pomerantz JL; Mauxion F; Yoshida M; Greene WC; Sen R J Immunol 143: 4275-81 (1989) Transcriptional induction of the gene encoding the alpha-subunit of IL-2R has been shown to be mediated by a sequence element (GGGGAATCTCCC) that is homologous to the NF-kappa B-binding site of the ka90079043 Identification and characterization of the Egr-1 gene product, a DNA-binding zinc finger protein induced by differentiation and growth signals. Cao XM; Koski RA; Gashler A; McKiernan M; Morris CF; Gaffney R; Hay RV; Sukhatme VP Mol Cell Biol 10: 1931-9 (1990) Egr-1 is an immediate-early response gene induced by diverse signals that initiate growth and differentiation. Its cDNA sequence predicts a protein with zinc fingers. We have generated an antiserum to90220577 Regulatory elements responsible for inducible expression of the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor gene in macrophages. Nishizawa M; Nagata S Mol Cell Biol 10: 2002-11 (1990) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) plays an essential role in granulopoiesis during bacterial infection. Macrophages produce G-CSF in response to bacterial endotoxins such as lipopolysaccha90220584 Identification of a novel factor that interacts with an immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter and stimulates transcription in conjunction with the lymphoid cell-specific factor OTF2. Yoza BK; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 10: 2145-53 (1990) The tissue-specific expression of the MOPC 141 immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene was studied by using in vitro transcription. B-cell-specific transcription of this gene was dependent on the octamer elem90220600 trans activation of gene expression by v-myb. Ibanez CE; Lipsick JS Mol Cell Biol 10: 2285-93 (1990) The v-myb oncogene causes acute myelomonocytic leukemia in chickens and transforms avian myeloid cells in vitro. Its product, p48v-myb, is a short-lived nuclear protein which binds DNA. We demonstrate90220613 Transcription factor requirements for in vitro formation of transcriptionally competent 5S rRNA gene chromatin. Felts SJ; Weil PA; Chalkley R Mol Cell Biol 10: 2390-401 (1990) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5S rRNA gene was used as a model system to study the requirements for assembling transcriptionally active chromatin in vitro with purified components. When a plasmid conta90220625 The ABF1 factor is the transcriptional activator of the L2 ribosomal protein genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Della Seta F; Ciafre SA; Marck C; Santoro B; Presutti C; Sentenac A; Bozzoni I Mol Cell Biol 10: 2437-41 (1990) The same factor, ABF1, binds to the promoters of the two gene copies (L2A and L2B) coding for the ribosomal protein L2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vitro binding experiments and in vivo functional 90220633 Coupled and uncoupled induction of fos and jun transcription by different second messengers in cells of hematopoietic origin. Auwerx J; Staels B; Sassone-Corsi P Nucleic Acids Res 18: 221-8 (1990) The nuclear oncoproteins fos and jun are associated as a heterodimer which binds to TPA (PMA or TPA: phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate)- responsive promoter elements (TRE), the recognition site for the 90221800 An archaebacterial cell-free transcription system. The expression of tRNA genes from Methanococcus vannielii is mediated by a transcription factor. Frey G; Thomm M; Brudigam B; Gohl HP; Hausner W Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1361-7 (1990) Our understanding of the mechanism of RNA biosynthesis in archaebacteria is limited, due in part to the inability of purified RNA polymerases to transcribe purified genes accurately in vitro. In the p90221856 Transcription factors: a new family gathers at the cAMP response site. Ziff EB Trends Genet 6: 69-72 (1990) 90223584 The E2 trans-activator can act as a repressor by interfering with a cellular transcription factor. Stenlund A; Botchan MR Genes Dev 4: 123-36 (1990) The E2 open reading frame (ORF) of the bovine papillomavirus (BPV-1) encodes a family of site-specific DNA-binding proteins. The full-length protein is a transcriptional activator, whereas the polypep90169511 General repression of enhanson activity by the adenovirus-2 E1A proteins. Rochette-Egly C; Fromental C; Chambon P Genes Dev 4: 137-50 (1990) It has been shown previously that the adenovirus 2 (Ad2) E1A proteins repress activation of transcription by the SV40, polyomavirus and immunoglobulin gene enhancers. Here, we demonstrate that the rep90169512 A two-base change in a POU factor-binding site switches pituitary-specific to lymphoid-specific gene expression. Elsholtz HP; Albert VR; Treacy MN; Rosenfeld MG Genes Dev 4: 43-51 (1990) The structurally related POU homeo domain proteins Pit-1 and Oct-2 activate pituitary- and lymphoid-specific transcription, respectively, by binding to similar AT-rich motifs in their target genes. In90169515 HIV-1, HTLV-I and the interleukin-2 receptor: insights into transcriptional control. Bohnlein E; Lowenthal JW; Wano Y; Franza BR; Ballard DW; Greene WC Hamatol Bluttransfus 32: 393-401 (1989) In this study, we present direct evidence for the binding of the inducible cellular protein, HIVEN86A, to a 12-bp element present in the IL-2R alpha promoter. This element shares significant sequence 90169648 Analysis of the Escherichia coli gene encoding L-asparaginase II, ansB, and its regulation by cyclic AMP receptor and FNR proteins. Jennings MP; Beacham IR J Bacteriol 172: 1491-8 (1990) Escherichia coli contains two L-asparaginase isozymes: L-asparaginase I, a low-affinity enzyme located in the cytoplasm, and L-asparaginase II, a high-affinity secreted enzyme. A molecular genetic ana90170867 The transcription complex of the Xenopus somatic 5 S RNA gene. A functional analysis of protein-DNA interactions outside of the internal control region. Wolffe AP; Morse RH J Biol Chem 265: 4592-9 (1990) We have defined protein-DNA interactions associated with the transcription complex of a Xenopus somatic 5 S RNA gene under efficient in vitro transcription conditions. Transcription factor IIIA, the i90170970 Signal-regulator interactions. Genetic analysis of the effector binding site of xylS, the benzoate-activated positive regulator of Pseudomonas TOL plasmid meta-cleavage pathway operon. Ramos JL; Michan C; Rojo F; Dwyer D; Timmis K J Mol Biol 211: 373-82 (1990) This study reports a genetic analysis of the interactions between a positive regulator of gene expression and its effector molecules. Transcription of the TOL plasmid meta-cleavage pathway operon is s90172407 Analysis of the rat JE gene promoter identifies an AP-1 binding site essential for basal expression but not for TPA induction. Timmers HT; Pronk GJ; Bos JL; van der Eb AJ Nucleic Acids Res 18: 23-34 (1990) We have cloned the immediate-early serum-reponsive JE gene from the rat in order to study the regulation of this gene. We show that sequences of the JE promoter region confer serum-inducibility to a r90174947 Nuclear factor-I and activator protein-2 bind in a mutually exclusive way to overlapping promoter sequences and trans-activate the human growth hormone gene. Courtois SJ; Lafontaine DA; Lemaigre FP; Durviaux SM; Rousseau GG Nucleic Acids Res 18: 57-64 (1990) Transcription of the human growth hormone (hGH) gene and its regulation are controlled by trans-acting factors that bind to hGH gene promoter sequences. Several DNase I footprints have been described 90174951 Transcriptional activation of human papillomavirus 16 by nuclear factor I, AP1, steroid receptors and a possibly novel transcription factor, PVF: a model for the composition of genital papillomavirus Chong T; Chan WK; Bernard HU Nucleic Acids Res 18: 465-70 (1990) Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16), which is involved in genital carcinogenesis, contains an enhancer of transcription that is activated by cellular factors rather than by the viral E2 proteins. The act90174965 Differential activation of the E2F transcription factor by the adenovirus EIa and EIV products in F9 cells. Boeuf H; Reimund B; Jansen-Durr P; Kedinger C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1782-6 (1990) Expression studies of the early EIIa transcription unit (EIIaE) of the adenovirus EIa-deletion mutant dl312 in murine embryonal carcinoma stem cells suggested that these cells contain an activity that90175381 The SpoOA protein of Bacillus subtilis is a repressor of the abrB gene. Strauch M; Webb V; Spiegelman G; Hoch JA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1801-5 (1990) The spoOA gene of Bacillus subtilis is critical for the initial stages in the developmental cycle leading to the formation of an endospore. We show that one function of the SpoOA protein is to negativ90175384 Sequences preceding the minimal promoter of the Xenopus somatic 5S RNA gene increase binding efficiency for transcription factors. Reynolds WF Nucleic Acids Res 17: 9381-94 (1989) Sequences preceding the minimal promoter play a role in the differential expression of the Xenopus somatic and oocyte-type 5S RNA genes. In this report, the somatic sequences between -32 and +37 are s90067935 Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells: lessons from class III genes. Millstein LS; Gottesfeld JM Curr Opin Cell Biol 1: 497-502 (1989) 90180667 Expression of GHF-1 protein in mouse pituitaries correlates both temporally and spatially with the onset of growth hormone gene activity. Dolle P; Castrillo JL; Theill LE; Deerinck T; Ellisman M; Karin M Cell 60: 809-20 (1990) The relationship between expression of the pituitary-specific transcription factor, GHF-1, and activation of the growth hormone and prolactin genes during mouse anterior pituitary development was inve90182670 Biochemical research on oogenesis. RNA accumulation in the oocytes of the newt Pleurodeles waltl. Van den Eynde H; Mazabraud A; Denis H Development 106: 11-6 (1989) We have compared the accumulation of 5S RNA and tRNA in oocytes of Pleurodeles waltl with the corresponding process previously studied in Xenopus laevis. 5S RNA synthesis is regulated similarly in bot90183785 Transcription factor E4TF1 contains two subunits with different functions. Watanabe H; Wada T; Handa H EMBO J 9: 841-7 (1990) The transcription factor E4TF1 stimulates transcription from the adenovirus early region 4 promoter by binding to a specific promoter element. E4TF1 has been purified to homogeneity from HeLa cells by90183984 Activity and interleukin 1 responsiveness of SV40 enhancer motifs in a rodent immature T cell line. Espel E; Fromental C; Reichenbach P; Nabholz M EMBO J 9: 929-37 (1990) We have analysed the enhancer activity and the interleukin 1 (IL1) responsiveness of individual motifs of the SV40 enhancer in an immature rodent T cell line, PC60. Transient transfection assays showe90183994 Flexible recognition of rapidly evolving promoter sequences by mitochondrial transcription factor 1. Fisher RP; Parisi MA; Clayton DA Genes Dev 3: 2202-17 (1989) Transcriptional promoters of mitochondrial DNA have diverged extensively in the course of mammalian evolution. Nevertheless, the transcriptional machinery and the overall mechanisms of transcriptional90185198 Enhancement of transcription from the Ad2 major late promoter by upstream elements of the fibroin- and sericin-1-encoding genes in silk gland extracts. Hui CC; Suzuki Y Gene 85: 403-11 (1989) The activity of the upstream promoter element (UPE) of the Bombyx mori fibroin-encoding gene was analyzed by using the major late promoter (MLP) of adenovirus 2 (Ad2) as the basal promoter. The UPE re90185214 Definition of T-cell specific DNA-binding factors that interact with a 3'-silencer in the CD4+ T-cell gene Rpt-1. Patarca R; Singh RP; Durfee T; Freeman G; Blattner FR; Cantor H Gene 85: 461-9 (1989) Analysis of the region 3' to the CD4+ T-cell gene Rpt-1 (encoding regulatory protein T-lymphocyte 1) led to the definition of a silencer element that inhibits heterologous gene expression in certain C90185221 Early events of RNA polymerase II transcription initiation. Zhang J; Logan K; Yu XB; Davis EA; Posner M; Ackerman S Life Sci 46: 729-35 (1990) We have investigated the earliest stages of assembly of an RNA polymerase II transcription complex. General transcription factors from HeLa cells were partially purified and assayed using the adenovir90190197 Interference with the assembly of a virus-host transcription complex by peptide competition. Haigh A; Greaves R; O'Hare P Nature 344: 257-9 (1990) Induction of transcription of the immediate-early (IE) genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) involves the assembly of a DNA-binding complex containing the cellular transcription factor Oct-1 and the vir90190844 Progesterone receptor stimulates transcription of mouse mammary tumour virus in a cell-free system. Kalff M; Gross B; Beato M Nature 344: 360-2 (1990) In higher eukaryotes, steroid receptors are general modulators of gene activity which bind to DNA hormone response elements (HREs) in the vicinity of regulated promoters. Analysis of mutant and chimae90190872 Transcription of the transforming genes of the oncogenic human papillomavirus-16 is stimulated by tumor promotors through AP1 binding sites. Chan WK; Chong T; Bernard HU; Klock G Nucleic Acids Res 18: 763-9 (1990) The promoter P97 of human papillomavirus-16 (HPV-16) gives rise to transcripts that encode the principal transforming genes of the virus, E6 and E7. The activity of P97 is regulated by a cell-type-spe90192147 Readthrough transcription occurs at the rho dependent signal F1 TIV in suppressor cells. La Farina M; Izzo V; Costa MA; Barbier R; Duro G; Vitale M; Mutolo V Nucleic Acids Res 18: 865-70 (1990) Suppressor cells infected with bacteriophage f1 yield phage encoded gene IV transcripts longer than those present in the supo host and identical to those found in a rho- host. However, such longer tra90192160 Engrailed, a homeodomain protein, can repress in vitro transcription by competition with the TATA box-binding protein transcription factor IID. Ohkuma Y; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG; Desplan C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 2289-93 (1990) Engrailed (En) is a homeodomain protein that binds to a consensus sequence (NP) and plays an important role during Drosophila development. Purified En, which is produced in Escherichia coli, binds not90192793 Release of the sigma subunit from Escherichia coli RNA polymerase transcription complexes is dependent on the promoter sequence. Stackhouse TM; Telesnitsky AP; Meares CF Biochemistry 28: 7781-8 (1989) The sigma subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase is required for the specific initiation of transcription at promoter sites. However, sigma is released from the transcription complex shortly after transc90122759 Effect of tamoxifen on regulation of viral replication and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) long terminal repeat-directed transcription in cells chronically infected with HIV-1. Laurence J; Cooke H; Sikder SK Blood 75: 696-703 (1990) The protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was used to upregulate viral replication in a clone of promonocytic cells chronically infected with human immunodeficiency virus (H90123188 S. cerevisiae TFIIIB is the transcription initiation factor proper of RNA polymerase III, while TFIIIA and TFIIIC are assembly factors. Kassavetis GA; Braun BR; Nguyen LH; Geiduschek EP Cell 60: 235-45 (1990) The S. cerevisiae RNA polymerase III (pol III) transcription factor TFIIIB binds to DNA upstream of the transcription start site of the SUP4 tRNA(Tyr) gene in a TFIIIC-dependent reaction and to the ma90124633 Ultracentrifugal analysis of the quaternary structure of the raf repressor from Escherichia coli. Jaenicke R; Muiznieks I; Aslanidis C; Schmitt R FEBS Lett 260: 233-5 (1990) The raf repressor from Escherichia coli regulates the expression of the plasmid-borne raf operon by switching between active and inactive conformational states. Ultracentrifugal analysis of the largel90127436 Intragenic and extragenic suppressors of mutations in the heptapeptide repeat domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II. Nonet ML; Young RA Genetics 123: 715-24 (1989) The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains a repeated heptapeptide sequence at its carboxy terminus. Yeast mutants with certain partial deletions of the carboxy-terminal repeat (CTR) domain are90128225 Regulation of transcription factor AP-2 by the morphogen retinoic acid and by second messengers. Luscher B; Mitchell PJ; Williams T; Tjian R Genes Dev 3: 1507-17 (1989) The expression of the transcription factor AP-2 recently has been shown to be enhanced during retinoic acid (RA)-induced differentiation of NT2 cells, a human teratocarcinoma cell line. Here we show t90128251 Two TFIIIA activities regulate expression of the Xenopus 5S RNA gene families. Blanco J; Millstein L; Razik MA; Dilworth S; Cote C; Gottesfeld J Genes Dev 3: 1602-12 (1989) Immunoblotting experiments with polyclonal and monoclonal anti-transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) antibodies reveal different electrophoretic forms of TFIIIA in extracts from immature and mature oocyt90128260 The Oct-2 protein binds cooperatively to adjacent octamer sites. LeBowitz JH; Clerc RG; Brenowitz M; Sharp PA Genes Dev 3: 1625-38 (1989) Recombinant proteins derived from the cloned human oct-2 gene were used to investigate cooperative binding by Oct-2 to adjacent DNA-binding sites. Oct-2, a B-cell-specific transcription factor, binds 90128262 Regulation of coliphage T3 and T7 RNA polymerases by the lac repressor-operator system. Giordano TJ; Deuschle U; Bujard H; McAllister WT Gene 84: 209-19 (1989) The single-polypeptide RNA polymerases that are encoded by bacteriophage T7 and its relatives form the basis of highly specific and efficient transcription systems. Here, we describe the regulation of90128264 Negative regulator of sigma G-controlled gene expression in stationary-phase Bacillus subtilis. Rather PN; Coppolecchia R; DeGrazia H; Moran CP Jr J Bacteriol 172: 709-15 (1990) In some media, Bacillus subtilis can maintain a prolonged stationary growth phase; however, in other media, nutrient depletion triggers a complex differentiation that culminates in production of a dor90130306 Nucleotide sequence of the regulatory nifA gene of Rhizobium leguminosarum PRE: transcriptional control sites and expression in Escherichia coli. Roelvink PW; Hontelez JG; van Kammen A; van den Bos RC Mol Microbiol 3: 1441-7 (1989) We report the sequence of the regulatory nifA gene of Rhizobium leguminosarum PRE. The transcription initiation and termination sites of nifA were mapped and a potential promoter and a rho-independent90136072 The F plasmid ccd autorepressor is a complex of CcdA and CcdB proteins. Tam JE; Kline BC Mol Gen Genet 219: 26-32 (1989) The ccd operon of plasmid F produces three proteins, CcdA, CcdB, and RepD. Prior research has established that the operon is autorepressed and that at least CcdB, but not RepD, is required for autorep90136515 Analysis of the nag regulon from Escherichia coli K12 and Klebsiella pneumoniae and of its regulation. Vogler AP; Lengeler JW Mol Gen Genet 219: 97-105 (1989) Four genes, nagR, A, B and E, clustered in the nag locus of Escherichia coli K12 and Klebsiella pneumoniae, were cloned and physically mapped, and the corresponding gene products involved in amino sug90136533 Transcription initiation from the dihydrofolate reductase promoter is positioned by HIP1 binding at the initiation site. Means AL; Farnham PJ Mol Cell Biol 10: 653-61 (1990) We have identified a sequence element that specifies the position of transcription initiation for the dihydrofolate reductase gene. Unlike the functionally analogous TATA box that directs RNA polymera90136579 Two distinct transcription factors that bind the immunoglobulin enhancer microE5/kappa 2 motif. Henthorn P; Kiledjian M; Kadesch T Science 247: 467-70 (1990) Activity of the immunoglobulin heavy and kappa light chain gene enhancers depends on a complex interplay of ubiquitous and developmentally regulated proteins. Two complementary DNAs were isolated that90140708 Activation of proto-oncogenes: an immediate early event in human cytomegalovirus infection. Boldogh I; AbuBakar S; Albrecht T Science 247: 561-4 (1990) A rapid increase in the RNA levels of the proto-oncogenes c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc was detected after human cytomegalovirus infection. Neither inactivation of viral infectivity with ultraviolet irradia90140721 A potent GAL4 derivative activates transcription at a distance in vitro. Carey M; Leatherwood J; Ptashne M Science 247: 710-2 (1990) Transcription of a typical eukaryotic gene by RNA polymerase II is activated by proteins bound to sites found near the beginning of the gene as well as to sites, called enhancers, located a great dist90140734 Characterization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer-binding proteins from the human T-cell line Jurkat. Korner M; Bellan AH; Brini AT; Farrar WL Biochem J 265: 547-54 (1990) The transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is under the control of cellular proteins that bind to the viral long terminal repeat (LTR). Among the protein-binding regions of t90147621 Gene expression and differentiation in F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Sleigh MJ Biochem Soc Symp 55: 1-12 (1989) The mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line F9 differentiates in vitro in a manner analogous to the formation of extraembryonic (parietal or visceral) endoderm from inner cell mass cells in early embryoge90147851 Differential transcriptional activation by Oct-1 and Oct-2: interdependent activation domains induce Oct-2 phosphorylation. Tanaka M; Herr W Cell 60: 375-86 (1990) The ubiquitous Oct-1 and lymphoid Oct-2 POU homeodomain transcription factors bind to the same DNA sequence but differ in their activation potential. Oct-2 is a positive, negative, or neutral regulato90150265 A novel octamer binding transcription factor is differentially expressed in mouse embryonic cells. Okamoto K; Okazawa H; Okuda A; Sakai M; Muramatsu M; Hamada H Cell 60: 461-72 (1990) We have identified a novel octamer binding factor (Oct-3) in P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Oct-3, which recognizes the typical octamer motif (ATTTGCAT) as well as the AT-rich sequence TTAAAATTCA, is 90150273 Protein-mediated nuclear export of RNA: 5S rRNA containing small RNPs in xenopus oocytes. Guddat U; Bakken AH; Pieler T Cell 60: 619-28 (1990) We have analyzed RNP formation and nucleocytoplasmic migration of 5S RNA and 5S RNA variants transcribed from microinjected genes in Xenopus oocytes. Using antisera against three different proteins we90150289 A single DNA-binding transcription factor is sufficient for activation from a distant enhancer and/or from a promoter position. Schatt MD; Rusconi S; Schaffner W EMBO J 9: 481-7 (1990) Typical cell type-specific or inducible mammalian genes are under the control of one or more remote enhancers which transmit their effect to the promoter region located at the initiation site of trans90151624 Competition between transcription complex assembly and chromatin assembly on replicating DNA. Almouzni G; Mechali M; Wolffe AP EMBO J 9: 573-82 (1990) We have used a Xenopus egg extract to show that a competition exists between the assembly of transcription complexes and nucleosomes on replicating 5S DNA. This competition results in the establishmen90151635 A factor known to bind to endogenous Ig heavy chain enhancer only in lymphocytes is a ubiquitously active transcription factor. Elmaleh N; Matthias P; Schaffner W Eur J Biochem 187: 507-13 (1990) The transcriptional enhancer located in the first intron of the immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region is a major determinant of B-cell-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes. Like other enha90151654 The beta-globin stage selector element factor is erythroid-specific promoter/enhancer binding protein NF-E4. Gallarda JL; Foley KP; Yang ZY; Engel JD Genes Dev 3: 1845-59 (1989) The analysis of transcriptional regulatory proteins is often hampered because such factors are present in cells in only sparing abundance. Although direct biochemical purification has been successfull90152332 Histone H1 subtype-specific consensus elements mediate cell cycle-regulated transcription in vitro. La Bella F; Gallinari P; McKinney J; Heintz N Genes Dev 3: 1982-90 (1989) In this study we used nuclear extracts from centrifugally elutriated cell populations to study histone H1 transcriptional regulation during the cell cycle. Analysis of mutations within the H1 promoter90152342 Induction of transcription factor AP-1 by adenovirus E1A protein and cAMP. Muller U; Roberts MP; Engel DA; Doerfler W; Shenk T Genes Dev 3: 1991-2002 (1989) Treatment of adenovirus-infected mouse S49 cells with cAMP analogs leads to the transcriptional induction of early viral genes. E1A proteins and cAMP work in synergy to activate several of these genes90152343 The activity of sigma 32 is reduced under conditions of excess heat shock protein production in Escherichia coli. Straus DB; Walter WA; Gross CA Genes Dev 3: 2003-10 (1989) The expression of heat shock genes in Escherichia coli is controlled by the action of an alternate sigma-factor of RNA polymerase, sigma 32, which directs core RNA polymerase to recognize the promoter90152344 Slow response variant of the B lymphoma 70Z/3 defective in LPS activation of NF-kappa B. Rooney JW; Emery DW; Sibley CH Immunogenetics 31: 65-72 (1990) The mouse B cell lymphoma 70Z/3 is membrane immunoglobulin M (mIgM) negative, but treatment of the cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the expression of kappa (kappa) light chain syn90152763 A nuclear factor that enhances binding of thyroid hormone receptors to thyroid hormone response elements. Burnside J; Darling DS; Chin WW J Biol Chem 265: 2500-4 (1990) Recent studies from this laboratory have demonstrated the presence of thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in the 5'-flanking region of the rat alpha and TSH beta subunit genes. Using an avidin-bi90153864 Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of c-jun expression during monocytic differentiation of human myeloid leukemic cells. Sherman ML; Stone RM; Datta R; Bernstein SH; Kufe DW J Biol Chem 265: 3320-3 (1990) AP-1, the polypeptide product of c-jun, recognizes and binds to specific DNA sequences and stimulates transcription of genes responsive to certain growth factors and phorbol esters such as 12-O-tetrad90153985 Photoaffinity labeling of RNA polymerase III transcription complexes by nascent RNA. Bartholomew B; Meares CF; Dahmus ME J Biol Chem 265: 3731-7 (1990) The proteins contacting nascent RNA transcripts in RNA polymerase III transcription complexes have been examined using photoaffinity labeling techniques. The photoaffinity analog 4-S-UTP was incorpora90154051 Transcription termination by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase at rho-independent terminators. Jeng ST; Gardner JF; Gumport RI J Biol Chem 265: 3823-30 (1990) We have investigated the mechanism of transcription termination by T7 RNA polymerase using templates encoding variants of the transcription-termination structure (attenuator) of the regulatory region 90154064 Dissection of the expression signals of the spoA gene of Bacillus subtilis: glucose represses sporulation-specific expression. Yamashita S; Kawamura F; Yoshikawa H; Takahashi H; Kobayashi Y; Saito H J Gen Microbiol 135 ( Pt 5): 1335-45 (1989) The expression of the spo0A-lacZ fusion gene was partially repressed in the presence of an excess of glucose. Expression was restored either by the mutation sigA47(crsA47) or by addition of decoyinine90155207 Identification of phorbol ester response elements in the promoter of Epstein-Barr virus putative lytic switch gene BZLF1. Flemington E; Speck SH J Virol 64: 1217-26 (1990) The product of the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 gene encodes a protein which is related to c-fos, it has been shown to bind specifically to a consensus AP-1 site, and its expression in latently Epstein-Ba90156519 An inducible 50-kilodalton NF kappa B-like protein and a constitutive protein both bind the acute-phase response element of the angiotensinogen gene. Ron D; Brasier AR; Wright KA; Tate JE; Habener JF Mol Cell Biol 10: 1023-32 (1990) The rat angiotensinogen gene is induced in the course of the hepatic acute-phase response. We demonstrate that monocyte conditioned medium can stimulate transcription of a stably introduced reporter c90158564 A yeast ARS-binding protein activates transcription synergistically in combination with other weak activating factors. Buchman AR; Kornberg RD Mol Cell Biol 10: 887-97 (1990) ABFI (ARS-binding protein I) is a yeast protein that binds specific DNA sequences associated with several autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs). ABFI also binds sequences located in promoter regio90158603 The ubiquitous octamer-binding protein(s) is sufficient for transcription of immunoglobulin genes. Johnson DG; Carayannopoulos L; Capra JD; Tucker PW; Hanke JH Mol Cell Biol 10: 982-90 (1990) All immunoglobulin genes contain a conserved octanucleotide promoter element, ATGCAAAT, which has been shown to be required for their normal B-cell-specific transcription. Proteins that bind this octa90158614 Binding of a liver-specific factor to the human albumin gene promoter and enhancer. Frain M; Hardon E; Ciliberto G; Sala-Trepat JM Mol Cell Biol 10: 991-9 (1990) A segment of 1,022 base pairs (bp) of the 5'-flanking region of the human albumin gene, fused to a reporter gene, directs hepatoma-specific transcription. Three functionally distinct regions have been90158615 Transcription complexes. Wolffe AP Prog Clin Biol Res 322: 171-86 (1990) 90160448 Immunoglobulin gene transcription: molecular mechanisms. Calame KL Trends Genet 5: 395-9 (1989) Recently, many of the proteins involved in transcriptional regulation of immunoglobulin genes have been identified, purified and their cDNAs cloned. This detailed molecular information has revealed fa90162985 Purified octamer binding transcription factors stimulate RNA polymerase III--mediated transcription of the 7SK RNA gene. Murphy S; Pierani A; Scheidereit C; Melli M; Roeder RG Cell 59: 1071-80 (1989) We have analyzed the upstream promoter of the human 7SK RNA gene to determine which protein factors are involved in the transcription of this gene by RNA polymerase III. Using a reconstituted in vitro90090607 Tissue-specific expression of c-jun and junB during organogenesis in the mouse. Wilkinson DG; Bhatt S; Ryseck RP; Bravo R Development 106: 465-71 (1989) c-jun and junB are cellular genes related to the viral oncogene v-jun and encode members of the AP-1 transcription factor gene family. These genes have been implicated in the control of the G0/G1 tran90091828 Developmental regulation of specific protein interactions with an enhancerlike binding site far upstream from the avian very-low-density apolipoprotein II gene. Hoodless PA; Roy RN; Ryan AK; Hache RJ; Vasa MZ; Deeley RG Mol Cell Biol 10: 154-64 (1990) Expression of the avian very-low-density apolipoprotein II (apoVLDLII) gene is completely dependent on estrogen and restricted to the liver. We have identified binding sites for nonhistone nuclear pro90097823 Factor substitution in a human HSP70 gene promoter: TATA-dependent and TATA-independent interactions. Taylor IC; Kingston RE Mol Cell Biol 10: 165-75 (1990) To investigate interactions between transcription factors on mammalian promoters, we constructed a set of 24 variations of the human HSP70 gene promoter in which six upstream sequence motifs are paire90097825 Regulatory elements mediating transcription from the Drosophila melanogaster actin 5C proximal promoter. Chung YT; Keller EB Mol Cell Biol 10: 206-16 (1990) The major cytoskeletal actin gene of Drosophila melanogaster, the actin 5C gene, has two promoters, the proximal one of which controls constitutive synthesis of actin in all growing tissues. To locate90097829 Octamer and SPH motifs in the U1 enhancer cooperate to activate U1 RNA gene expression. Roebuck KA; Szeto DP; Green KP; Fan QN; Stumph WE Mol Cell Biol 10: 341-52 (1990) The transcriptional enhancer of a chicken U1 small nuclear RNA gene has been shown to extend over approximately 50 base pairs of DNA sequence located 180 to 230 base pairs upstream of the U1 transcrip90097845 Transcription of the promoter of the rat NF-1 gene depends on the integrity of an Sp1 recognition site. Ammendola R; Gounari F; Piaggio G; De Simone V; Cortese R Mol Cell Biol 10: 387-90 (1990) The transcription start site and promoter of the rat gene coding for the transcription factor NF-1 have been identified. The NF-1 promoter was fused to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-coding seq90097852 ACE1 transcription factor produced in Escherichia coli binds multiple regions within yeast metallothionein upstream activation sequences. Evans CF; Engelke DR; Thiele DJ Mol Cell Biol 10: 426-9 (1990) The ACE1 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was expressed as a trpE-ACE1 fusion protein in Escherichia coli and shown to bind CUP1 upstream activation sequences at multiple regions in a copper-induci90097861 A naturally occurring gamma globin gene mutation enhances SP1 binding activity. Sykes K; Kaufman R Mol Cell Biol 10: 95-102 (1990) Transcription of the human fetal globin genes in erythroid cells is tightly regulated during different stages of development and differentiation. Two naturally occurring mutations 202 base pairs upstr90097868 Infection with the intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria parva induces constitutively high levels of NF-kappa B in bovine T lymphocytes. Ivanov V; Stein B; Baumann I; Dobbelaere DA; Herrlich P; Williams RO Mol Cell Biol 9: 4677-86 (1989) The intracellular protozoan parasite Theileria parva causes a lymphoproliferative disease of T cells in cattle and uncontrolled lymphocyte proliferation in culture. We have identified and characterize90097879 Isolation of constitutive mutations affecting the proline utilization pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and molecular analysis of the PUT3 transcriptional activator. Marczak JE; Brandriss MC Mol Cell Biol 9: 4696-705 (1989) The enzymes of the proline utilization pathway (the products of the PUT1 and PUT2 genes) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are coordinately regulated by proline and the PUT3 transcriptional activator. To le90097881 Activation of yeast polymerase II transcription by herpesvirus VP16 and GAL4 derivatives in vitro. Chasman DI; Leatherwood J; Carey M; Ptashne M; Kornberg RD Mol Cell Biol 9: 4746-9 (1989) Fusion proteins known to activate transcription in vivo were tested for the ability to stimulate transcription in vitro in a recently developed Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II transcription90097887 Transcription from a murine T-cell receptor V beta promoter depends on a conserved decamer motif similar to the cyclic AMP response element. Anderson SJ; Miyake S; Loh DY Mol Cell Biol 9: 4835-45 (1989) We identified a regulatory region of the murine V beta promoter by both in vivo and in vitro analyses. The results of transient transfection assays indicated that the dominant transcription-activating90097898 Developmental appearance of transcription factors that regulate liver-specific expression of the aldolase B gene. Tsutsumi K; Ito K; Ishikawa K Mol Cell Biol 9: 4923-31 (1989) The region from -202 to -1 of the rat aldolase B (AldB) promoter directs tissue-specific transcription in vitro. Deletion of the half of this promoter distal to its origin reduced its ability for tiss90097908 Human transcription factor TFIIIC2 specifically interacts with a unique sequence in the Xenopus laevis 5S rRNA gene. Fradkin LG; Yoshinaga SK; Berk AJ; Dasgupta A Mol Cell Biol 9: 4941-50 (1989) Transcription factor TFIIIC2 derived from human cells is required for tRNA-type gene transcription and binds with high affinity to the essential B-box promoter element of tRNA-type genes. Although 5S 90097910 Transcription factor E2F is required for efficient expression of the hamster dihydrofolate reductase gene in vitro and in vivo. Blake MC; Azizkhan JC Mol Cell Biol 9: 4994-5002 (1989) The dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene encodes an enzyme important for metabolism and cell growth. We have found multiple DNA-protein interactions within the hamster DHFR gene promoter in vitro. Thes90097916 A nuclease-hypersensitive element of the human c-myc promoter interacts with a transcription initiation factor. Postel EH; Mango SE; Flint SJ Mol Cell Biol 9: 5123-33 (1989) Transcription of the human c-myc oncogene is elaborately regulated, but the relevant molecular mechanisms are not yet understood. To begin to define elements and enzyme systems responsible for c-myc t90097929 UV-induced DNA damage is an intermediate step in UV-induced expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, collagenase, c-fos, and metallothionein. Stein B; Rahmsdorf HJ; Steffen A; Litfin M; Herrlich P Mol Cell Biol 9: 5169-81 (1989) UV irradiation of human and murine cells enhances the transcription of several genes. Here we report on the primary target of relevant UV absorption, on pathways leading to gene activation, and on the90097934 E1A-induced enhancer activity of the poly(dG-dT).poly(dA-dC) element (GT element) and interactions with a GT-specific nuclear factor. Berg DT; Walls JD; Reifel-Miller AE; Grinnell BW Mol Cell Biol 9: 5248-53 (1989) The alternating sequence poly(dG-dT).poly(dA-dC) is a highly repeated sequence in the eucaryotic genome. We have examined the effect of trans-acting early viral proteins on the ability of the GT eleme90097947 A regulatory hierarchy for cell specialization in yeast. Herskowitz I Nature 342: 749-57 (1989) The specialized sets of genes that determine different cell types in yeast are controlled by combinations of DNA-binding proteins some of which are present only in certain cell types whereas others ar90098075 The yeast SW14 protein contains a motif present in developmental regulators and is part of a complex involved in cell-cycle-dependent transcription. Andrews BJ; Herskowitz I Nature 342: 830-3 (1989) Transcription of the HO gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which encodes a site-specific endonuclease that initiates cell-type switching (reviewed in refs. 1,2), is restricted to a short window of the 90098089 Cytosine methylation in CTF and Sp1 recognition sites of an HSV tk promoter: effects on transcription in vivo and on factor binding in vitro. Ben-Hattar J; Beard P; Jiricny J Nucleic Acids Res 17: 10179-90 (1989) We methylated specific cytosine residues within or immediately around the CTF and Sp1 binding sites of the Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter. The efficiency of transcription in vivo was r90098860 Regulation of phage Mu repressor transcription by IHF depends on the level of the early transcription. van Rijn PA; Goosen N; Turk SC; van de Putte P Nucleic Acids Res 17: 10203-12 (1989) Integration Host Factor (IHF) of E. coli can stimulate both early and repressor transcription of bacteriophage Mu. We introduced several mutations in the early promoter (Pe) and studied the effect of 90098862 Cloning of the gene encoding the yeast protein BTF1Y, which can substitute for the human TATA box-binding factor. Cavallini B; Faus I; Matthes H; Chipoulet JM; Winsor B; Egly JM; Chambon P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 9803-7 (1989) An activity (designated BTF1Y) in extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can substitute for the human TATA box-binding factor BTF1 in a reconstituted transcription system containing the adenovirus 2 maj90099353 Interactions between cellular regulatory proteins and a unique sequence region in the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter. Ghazal P; Lubon H; Reynolds-Kohler C; Hennighausen L; Nelson JA Virology 174: 18-25 (1990) Transcription from the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter is dependent on host-cell regulatory proteins. The interactions between cellular nuclear proteins and a unique sequence loca90101374 Mechanisms of viral-mediated trans-activation of transcription. Nevins JR Adv Virus Res 37: 35-83 (1989) 90102178 5 S ribosomal gene transcription during Xenopus oogenesis. Kramer A Dev Biol (N Y 1985) 1: 431-51 (1985) 90104718 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor stimulates human mature neutrophilic granulocytes to produce interferon-alpha. Shirafuji N; Matsuda S; Ogura H; Tani K; Kodo H; Ozawa K; Nagata S; Asano S; Takaku F Blood 75: 17-9 (1990) Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a glycoprotein hormone that specifically stimulates both production and functional activation of neutrophils, while interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is kno90105676 Both the basic region and the 'leucine zipper' domain of the cyclic AMP response element binding (CREB) protein are essential for transcriptional activation. Dwarki VJ; Montminy M; Verma IM EMBO J 9: 225-32 (1990) Second messengers like cAMP can activate the transcription of genes containing consesus cAMP response element (CRE). A 43 kd nuclear phosphoprotein previously identified as the cAMP response element b90107947 The U6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is transcribed by RNA polymerase C (III) in vivo and in vitro. Moenne A; Camier S; Anderson G; Margottin F; Beggs J; Sentenac A EMBO J 9: 271-7 (1990) Unlike the majority of genes encoding small nuclear RNAs, which are transcribed by RNA polymerase B, the U6 gene contains features found in both class B and class C genes, indicating the involvement o90107954 Functional analysis of NTF-1, a developmentally regulated Drosophila transcription factor that binds neuronal cis elements. Dynlacht BD; Attardi LD; Admon A; Freeman M; Tjian R Genes Dev 3: 1677-88 (1989) In an effort to characterize sequence-specific transcription factors that regulate gene expression during Drosophila development, we identified and purified a novel DNA-binding activity (NTF-1). The p90108664 A transcription factor, TFIS, interacts with both the promoter and enhancer of the Xenopus rRNA genes. Dunaway M Genes Dev 3: 1768-78 (1989) An activity that binds sequence specifically to the enhancer of the Xenopus laevis rRNA genes has been highly purified. This activity stimulates transcription of coinjected rRNA templates in Xenopus o90108672 The Xenopus ribosomal gene enhancers bind an essential polymerase I transcription factor, xUBF. Pikaard CS; McStay B; Schultz MC; Bell SP; Reeder RH Genes Dev 3: 1779-88 (1989) We purified xUBF on the basis of its ability to specifically bind the enhancer elements of the Xenopus laevis rRNA genes. xUBF also binds to both upstream and downstream regions of the X. laevis ribos90108673 Equipotent mouse ribosomal protein promoters have a similar architecture that includes internal sequence elements. Hariharan N; Kelley DE; Perry RP Genes Dev 3: 1789-800 (1989) The promoters of the mouse ribosomal protein genes rpL30, rpL32, and rpS16 are of equal strength, as indicated by in vivo measurements of polymerase loading and by their relative efficiency in driving90108674 STE12, a protein involved in cell-type-specific transcription and signal transduction in yeast, is part of protein-DNA complexes. Errede B; Ammerer G Genes Dev 3: 1349-61 (1989) The STE12 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for the expression of genes required for mating, such as those involved in pheromone response, and for genes unrelated to mating but regulated b90108684 Cytoplasmic activation of ISGF3, the positive regulator of interferon-alpha-stimulated transcription, reconstituted in vitro. Levy DE; Kessler DS; Pine R; Darnell JE Jr Genes Dev 3: 1362-71 (1989) The signal transduction pathway through which interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) stimulates transcription of a defined set of genes involves activation of DNA-binding factors specific for the IFN alpha-stim90108685 Identification of the sigma E subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: a second alternate sigma factor involved in high-temperature gene expression. Erickson JW; Gross CA Genes Dev 3: 1462-71 (1989) The rpoH gene of Escherichia coli encodes sigma 32, the 32-kD sigma-factor responsible for the heat-inducible transcription of the heat shock genes. rpoH is transcribed from at least three promoters. 90108693 [Gene structure and gene expression regulation of cholecystokinin and processing of the precursors] Takahashi Y; Kuwano R; Araki K; Usui H; Hasegawa M Nippon Rinsho 47: 2255-9 (1989) 90112850 Localization and functional analysis of the regulated promoter from the Streptomyces glaucescens mel operon. Geistlich M; Irniger S; Hutter R Mol Microbiol 3: 1061-9 (1989) The transcription initiation site of the mel operon from Streptomyces glaucescens, determined by S1 mapping and primer elongation experiments, lies 32 to 34 bp upstream of the translation initiation c90113887 Glucocorticoid-induced stimulation of ribosomal gene transcription in rat hepatoma cells is mediated by modification of RNA polymerase I or an associated factor. Webb ML; Mealey-Cavender JF; Jacob ST Mol Endocrinol 3: 1861-8 (1989) An in vitro transcription system was developed from H411EC3 (H4) hepatoma cells, which mimics the in vivo up-regulation by glucocorticoid hormones on ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis. Ribosomal DNA (rDN90114192 Biochemical analysis of transcriptional activation by Jun: differential activity of c- and v-Jun. Bohmann D; Tjian R Cell 59: 709-17 (1989) The human proto-oncogene product, c-Jun, is a member of the AP-1 family of transcription factors, which mediate the regulation of gene expression in response to extracellular signaling. Comparison of 90058654 Regulation of proto-oncogene fos: a paradigm for early response genes. Sassone-Corsi P; Lamph WW; Verma IM Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 749-60 (1988) 89337539 Human interleukin-3 mRNA accumulation is controlled at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level. Ryan GR; Milton SE; Lopez AF; Bardy PG; Vadas MA; Shannon MF Blood 77: 1195-202 (1991) Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a hematopoietic growth factor that regulates the differentiation of multilineage and committed progenitor cells and the functions of some mature blood cells. The expression of 91159622 Platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated c-myc RNA accumulation in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells is independent of both protein kinase A and protein kinase C. Frick KK; Scher CD Mol Cell Biol 10: 184-92 (1990) Treatment of quiescent MG-63 cells with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates the rapid accumulation of c-myc RNA. We have now determined that 90097827 Effect of nerve growth factor and fibroblast growth factor on SCG10 and c-fos expression and neurite outgrowth in protein kinase C-depleted PC12 cells. Sigmund O; Naor Z; Anderson DJ; Stein R J Biol Chem 265: 2257-61 (1990) The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in mediating nerve growth factor (NGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-stimulated SCG10 and c-fos expression as well as neurite outgrowth was studied in PC190130483 E1a transactivation of human HSP70 gene promoter substitution mutants is independent of the composition of upstream and TATA elements. Taylor IC; Kingston RE Mol Cell Biol 10: 176-83 (1990) We have analyzed 41 deletion, linker scan, and substitution mutants of the human HSP70 gene promoter for activation by the adenovirus E1a region. No natural element of the HSP70 gene promoter was requ90097826 Use of saturation mutagenesis to localize probable functional domains in the NahR protein, a LysR-type transcription activator. Schell MA; Brown PH; Raju S J Biol Chem 265: 3844-50 (1990) The NahR protein of the Pseudomonas naphthalene degradation plasmid NAH7 encodes a 300-residue transcription activator which is very similar to the NodD transcription activator of Rhizobium and other 90154067 Site-directed mutations in the repA C-terminal region of plasmid Rts1: pleiotropic effects on the replication and autorepressor functions. Zeng H; Hayashi T; Terawaki Y J Bacteriol 172: 2535-40 (1990) We induced site-directed mutations near the 3' terminus of the gene repA, which encodes the protein of 288 amino acid residues essential for plasmid Rts1 replication, and obtained seven repA mutants. 90236914 Cloning and sequence analysis of the ntrA (rpoN) gene of Pseudomonas putida. Inouye S; Yamada M; Nakazawa A; Nakazawa T Gene 85: 145-52 (1989) The gene encoding a sigma factor NtrA (RpoN) was cloned from Pseudomonas putida by cross-hybridization with a probe containing a part of the corresponding Escherichia coli gene. The cloned gene comple90152355 Quaternary structure and function in phage lambda repressor: 1H-NMR studies of genetically altered proteins. Weiss MA; Karplus M; Sauer RT J Biomol Struct Dyn 5: 539-56 (1987) The quaternary structure and dynamics of phage lambda repressor are investigated in solution by 1H-NMR methods. lambda repressor contains two domains separable by proteolysis: an N-terminal domain tha90148414 Differential induction of transcription for glucocorticoid-responsive genes in cultured rat hepatocytes. Nebes VL; DeFranco D; Morris SM Jr Biochem Biophys Res Commun 166: 133-8 (1990) Dexamethasone rapidly stimulated transcription of the tyrosine aminotransferase and metallothionein-I genes--but not of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene--in rat hepatocytes cultured in serum90147690 Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of macrophage-specific colony stimulating factor gene expression by tumor necrosis factor. Involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites. Sherman ML; Weber BL; Datta R; Kufe DW J Clin Invest 85: 442-7 (1990) The effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the regulation of macrophage-specific colony stimulating factor (CSF-1) gene expression have been studied in HL-60 cells during monocytic differentiation.90131110 Lipopolysaccharide-unresponsive mutant pre-B-cell lines blocked in NF-kappa B activation. Briskin M; Damore M; Law R; Lee G; Kincade PW; Sibley CH; Kuehl M; Wall R Mol Cell Biol 10: 422-5 (1990) NF-kappa B activation is a crucial late step in the induction of immunoglobulin kappa light-chain gene expression in pre-B cells by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We have analyzed NF-kappa B activation in 90097860 Synaptic regulation of transcription factor mRNA in the rat hippocampus. Cole AJ; Saffen DW; Baraban JM; Worley PF Adv Neurol 51: 103-8 (1990) 90102131 Type beta 1 transforming growth factor gene expression. A corrected mRNA structure reveals a downstream phorbol ester responsive element in human cells. Scotto L; Vaduva PI; Wager RE; Assoian RK J Biol Chem 265: 2203-8 (1990) A combined approach of cDNA cloning and direct oligonucleotide mapping of TGF-beta 1 mRNA from several human cell lines has revealed that the major human TGF-beta 1 transcript is 381 bases shorter tha90130476 The cell-specific transcription factor PTF1 contains two different subunits that interact with the DNA. Roux E; Strubin M; Hagenbuchle O; Wellauer PK Genes Dev 3: 1613-24 (1989) The cognate sequence of transcription factor PTF1, which plays a key role in pancreas-specific gene expression, has a bipartite organization. Two separate DNA domains, the A and the B boxes, are requi90128261 Regulation of human T cell leukemia virus expression. Green PL; Chen IS FASEB J 4: 169-75 (1990) Retroviruses of the type C morphology have been implicated in a wide variety of diseases in animals and humans. The human T cell leukemia viruses types I (HTLV-I) and II (HTLV-II), the prototypic huma90127900 Carcinogen-induced DNA amplification in vitro: overreplication of the simian virus 40 origin region in extracts from carcinogen-treated CO60 cells. Berko-Flint Y; Karby S; Hassin D; Lavi S Mol Cell Biol 10: 75-83 (1990) An in vitro system to study carcinogen-induced amplification in simian virus 40 (SV40)-transformed Chinese hamster (CO60) cells is described. SV40 amplification in this system resembled in many aspect90097866 Cooperative DNA binding by Xenopus transcription factor IIIA. Use of a 66-base pair DNA fragment containing the intragenic control region of the 5 S RNA gene to study specific and nonspecific interactDaly TJ; Wu CW J Biol Chem 264: 20394-402 (1989) The interaction of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) with a synthetic 66-base pair DNA fragment containing the intragenic control region (ICR) of the 5 S RNA gene was investigated by mobility90062170 Identification of a cis-acting element controlling induction of early gene expression in Dictyostelium discoideum. May T; Kern H; Muller-Taubenberger A; Nellen W Mol Cell Biol 9: 4653-9 (1989) Using a new promoter analysis transformation vector for Dictyostelium discoideum (PAV-CAT), we have defined cis-acting elements in the promoter of the cyclic AMP-induced early-expressed gene A11H2, wh90097876 Phosphorylation of NS protein by vesicular stomatitis virus nucleocapsids: lack of effect during RNA synthesis and separation of kinase from L protein. Massey DM; Deans N; Lenard J J Virol 64: 3259-64 (1990) The relationship between NS protein phosphorylation and RNA polymerase activities was determined in nucleocapsids purified from vesicular stomatitis virus grown in BHK cells. Phosphate incorporation i90279055 Nucleotide sequence of Xenopus laevis Oct-1 cDNA. Smith DP; Old RW Nucleic Acids Res 18: 369 (1990) 90221827 Identification of Bacillus subtilis genes expressed early during sporulation. Mathiopoulos C; Sonenshein AL Mol Microbiol 3: 1071-81 (1989) Labelled cDNA transcribed in vitro from early-sporulation RNA was enriched for sporulation-specific sequences by subtractive hybridization to an excess of vegetative RNA and used to probe libraries of90113888 Structural and regulatory analysis of the male-specific rat liver cytochrome P-450 g: repression by continuous growth hormone administration. Zaphiropoulos PG; Strom A; Robertson JA; Gustafsson JA Mol Endocrinol 4: 53-8 (1990) Complementary DNA clones encoding the male-specific rat liver cytochrome P-450 g have been isolated by cross-hybridization with sequences from the female-specific rat liver cytochrome P-450 15 beta. T90220650 Translation initiation at a downstream AUG occurs with increased efficiency when the upstream AUG is located very close to the 5' cap. Sedman SA; Gelembiuk GW; Mertz JE J Virol 64: 453-7 (1990) The major late 16S mRNA species of simian virus 40 encodes both a 61-amino-acid protein, LP1, and the major virion protein, VP1. Although the initiation signal GCCAUGG is usually utilized at high effi90080158 Structure, chromosome mapping and regulation of the mouse zinc-finger gene Krox-24; evidence for a common regulatory pathway for immediate-early serum-response genes. Janssen-Timmen U; Lemaire P; Mattei MG; Revelant O; Charnay P Gene 80: 325-36 (1989) The structure of Krox-24, a mouse zinc-finger-encoding gene that is transiently activated during G0/G1 transition, has been established. Krox-24 is located on mouse chromosome 18, bands C-D. The gene 90060781 The POU-specific domain of Pit-1 is essential for sequence-specific, high affinity DNA binding and DNA-dependent Pit-1-Pit-1 interactions. Ingraham HA; Flynn SE; Voss JW; Albert VR; Kapiloff MS; Wilson L; Rosenfeld MG Cell 61: 1021-33 (1990) Pit-1 is a member of a family of transcription factors sharing two regions of homology: a highly conserved POU-specific (POUS) domain and a more divergent homeodomain (POUHD). Analysis of mutant Pit-190275599 The 1990 catalog of mapped genes and report of the nomenclature committee. McAlpine PJ; Stranc LC; Boucheix C; Shows TB Cytogenet Cell Genet 55: 5-76 (1990) 91160358 Yeast alpha 2 repressor positions nucleosomes in TRP1/ARS1 chromatin. Roth SY; Dean A; Simpson RT Mol Cell Biol 10: 2247-60 (1990) The yeast alpha 2 repressor suppresses expression of a-mating-type-specific genes in haploid alpha and diploid a/alpha cell types. We inserted the alpha 2-binding site into the multicopy TRP1/ARS1 yea90220610 Two distinct cellular proteins interact with the EIa-responsive element of an adenovirus early promoter. Jansen-Durr P; Wintzerith M; Reimund B; Hauss C; Kedinger C J Virol 64: 2384-7 (1990) EIa-dependent transactivation of the adenovirus EIIa early (EIIaE) promoter is correlated with the activation of the cellular transcription factor E2F. In this study we identified a cellular protein, 90219242 The segment-specific gene Krox-20 encodes a transcription factor with binding sites in the promoter region of the Hox-1.4 gene. Chavrier P; Vesque C; Galliot B; Vigneron M; Dolle P; Duboule D; Charnay P EMBO J 9: 1209-18 (1990) Krox-20 is a mouse zinc finger gene expressed in a segment-specific manner in the early central nervous system, which makes it a potential developmental control gene. In this report, we show that the 90214631 Carboxy-terminal determinants of intracellular protein degradation. Parsell DA; Silber KR; Sauer RT Genes Dev 4: 277-86 (1990) Using the amino-terminal domain of lambda repressor as a model system, we show that residues in an unstructured region at the extreme carboxyl terminus of the protein are important for determining its90249733 Structure and evolution of a human erythroid transcription factor. Trainor CD; Evans T; Felsenfeld G; Boguski MS Nature 343: 92-6 (1990) Vertebrate erythroid cells contain a tissue-specific transcription factor referred to as Eryf 1 (ref. 1), GF-1 (ref. 2) or NF-E1 (ref. 3), for which binding sites are widely distributed in the promote90114418 TNF stimulates expression of mouse MHC class I genes by inducing an NF kappa B-like enhancer binding activity which displaces constitutive factors. Israel A; Le Bail O; Hatat D; Piette J; Kieran M; Logeat F; Wallach D; Fellous M; Kourilsky P EMBO J 8: 3793-800 (1989) We have dissected the mouse H-2Kb gene promoter in order to define the sequences responsible for induction by tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). An enhancer element (-187 to -158) composed of two imp90059981 Differentiation-induced gene expression in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein interacts with and activates the promoters of two adipocyte-specific genes. Christy RJ; Yang VW; Ntambi JM; Geiman DE; Landschulz WH; Friedman AD; Nakabeppu Y; Kelly TJ; Lane MD Genes Dev 3: 1323-35 (1989) Previous studies have shown that differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes leads to the transcriptional activation of a group of adipose-specific genes. As an approach to defining the mechanism responsi90108682 Expression cloning of a receptor for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Gearing DP; King JA; Gough NM; Nicola NA EMBO J 8: 3667-76 (1989) Two cDNA clones encoding a receptor for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (hGM-CSF-R) were isolated by expression screening of a library made from human placental mRNA. Pools of r90059966 In vivo transformation of factor-dependent hemopoietic cells: role of intracisternal A-particle transposition for growth factor gene activation. Duhrsen U; Stahl J; Gough NM EMBO J 9: 1087-96 (1990) Cells of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or multi-lineage colony stimulating factor (Multi-CSF) dependent line FDC-P1 undergo leukemic transformation after injection into90214617 Transcriptional regulation of the neuropeptide Y gene by nerve growth factor: antagonism by glucocorticoids and potentiation by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate and phorbol ester. Sabol SL; Higuchi H Mol Endocrinol 4: 384-92 (1990) The regulation of the preproneuropeptide Y gene (NPY gene) by nerve growth factor (NGF) and second messenger systems in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells was studied by means of steady state NPY mRNA an90258931 Identification of a yeast protein homologous in function to the mammalian general transcription factor, TFIIA. Hahn S; Buratowski S; Sharp PA; Guarente L EMBO J 8: 3379-82 (1989) The yeast homolog of the mammalian RNA polymerase II general transcription factor TFIIA has been identified by complementation of a mammalian in vitro transcription system depleted for TFIIA. Like the90059932 Structural motif of the GCN4 DNA binding domain characterized by affinity cleaving. Oakley MG; Dervan PB Science 248: 847-50 (1990) The NH2-terminal locations of a dimer containing the DNA binding domain of the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4 have been mapped on the binding sites 5'-CTGACTAAT-3' and 5'-ATGACTCTT-3'. Affinity 90260627 Cooperative binding of two E2F molecules to an Ela-responsive promoter is triggered by the adenovirus Ela, but not by a cellular Ela-like activity. Jansen-Durr P; Boeuf H; Kedinger C EMBO J 8: 3365-70 (1989) The binding of the cellular E2F transcription factor to the central EIa-responsive element of the adenovirus EIIa early promoter (EIIaE) was compared in extracts of HeLa cells which had been infected 90059930 A cell type-preferred silencer element that controls the neural-specific expression of the SCG10 gene. Mori N; Stein R; Sigmund O; Anderson DJ Neuron 4: 583-94 (1990) SCG10 is a growth-associated protein that is expressed early in the development of neuronal derivatives of the neural crest. We describe here the isolation of the SCG10 chromosomal gene and the identi90211974 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 alpha belongs to a gene family in mammals that is homologous to the Drosophila homeotic gene fork head. Lai E; Prezioso VR; Tao WF; Chen WS; Darnell JE Jr Genes Dev 5: 416-27 (1991) By analysis of cDNA clones that cross-hybridized with a portion of the cDNA encoding the recently described rat protein hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 alpha (HNF-3 alpha, previously called HNF-3A), we no91160974 AGL1-AGL6, an Arabidopsis gene family with similarity to floral homeotic and transcription factor genes. Ma H; Yanofsky MF; Meyerowitz EM Genes Dev 5: 484-95 (1991) The predicted products of floral homeotic genes, AGAMOUS (AG) from Arabidopsis thaliana and DEFICIENS A (DEF A) from Antirrhinum majus, have been shown previously to share strong sequence similarity w91160981 Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and transforming growth factor-beta 1 in acute liver injury. Czaja MJ; Flanders KC; Biempica L; Klein C; Zern MA; Weiner FR Growth Factors 1: 219-26 (1989) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) have a number of in vitro functions that could be important in vivo in acute liver injury and repair. Therefo90198404 Macrophage growth and stimulating factor, M-CSF. Ralph P; Sampson-Johannes A Prog Clin Biol Res 338: 43-63 (1990) 90265808 cis and trans-acting factors regulating gamma and beta globin gene expression in K562 cells. Donovan-Peluso M; Acuto S; O'Neill D; Kaysen J; Hom A; Bank A Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 163-77 (1989) 90083348 Density-dependent nerve growth factor regulation of Gs-alpha RNA in pheochromocytoma 12 cells. Tjaden G; Aguanno A; Kumar R; Benincasa D; Gubits RM; Yu H; Dolan KP Mol Cell Biol 10: 3277-9 (1990) Nerve growth factor (NGF) affects levels of the alpha subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gs-alpha) in pheochromocytoma 12 cells in a bidirectional, density-dependent manner. Cells grown at high den90258925 The gene for the ubiquitous octamer-binding protein Oct-1 is on human chromosome 1, region cen-q32, and near Ly-22 and Ltw-4 on mouse chromosome 1. Hsieh CL; Sturm R; Herr W; Francke U Genomics 6: 666-72 (1990) Oct-1 is a sequence-specific transcription and DNA replication factor that recognizes the octameric sequence ATGCAAAT. This protein shares an extended region of sequence similarity, called the POU dom90256177 Does NF-kappa B relieve the transcription block in c-myc? Renan MJ Cancer Lett 47: 1-9 (1989) In this report, it is shown that the mRNA of the c-myc oncogene is capable of forming an extensive stem-and-loop structure, with a free energy of delta G (25 degrees C) = -34 kcal. This secondary stru90254597 Turnover of carnitine palmitoyltransferase mRNA and protein in H4IIE cells. Effect of cyclic AMP and insulin. Wang L; Brady PS; Brady LJ Biochem J 263: 703-8 (1989) Regulation of the 68 kDa carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) synthesis by (chlorophenylthio) cyclic AMP (cAMP) and insulin was studied in H4IIE cells in culture. Addition of 0.1 mM- or 1.0 mM-(chloro90088413 Regulation of human synovial fibroblast collagenase messenger RNA by interleukin-1. McCachren SS; Greer PK; Niedel JE Arthritis Rheum 32: 1539-45 (1989) Interleukin-1 (IL-1) may contribute to tissue destruction in rheumatoid arthritis, in part, by inducing messenger RNA (mRNA) that encodes interstitial collagenase. In human synovial fibroblasts in vit90088617 Retroviral integration in murine myeloid tumors to identify Evi-1, a novel locus encoding a zinc-finger protein. Copeland NG; Jenkins NA Adv Cancer Res 54: 141-57 (1990) 90119010 Transcription factors and the control of Drosophila development. Biggin MD; Tjian R Trends Genet 5: 377-83 (1989) Drosophila is a uniquely advantageous system for carrying out both biochemical and genetic analyses of proteins that regulate spatial and temporal patterns of transcription. Here we discuss what is kn90117656 Immediate-early genes, kindling and long-term potentiation. Dragunow M; Currie RW; Faull RL; Robertson HA; Jansen K Neurosci Biobehav Rev 13: 301-13 (1989) The mechanism(s) by which long-term changes are induced and maintained in the nervous system are poorly understood. Kindling is an example of a permanent change in brain function that results from rep90114753 [Specific interaction of a nuclear protein factor from the CTF/NF-I family with 2 different promoter regions of the rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene] Klenova EM; Adler VV; Gribanovskii VA; Gorodetskii SI; Bogdanova NN; Lobanenkov VV Mol Biol (Mosk) 23: 1400-15 (1989) Using gel-retardation and DNase I footprinting assays, we have analysed sequence-specific DNA-protein interactions within proximal promoter fragment (from -2 to -210 bp relative to the transcription s90114145 [Protein factors specifically binding to the regulatory elements of non-transcribed spacer of rat ribosomal genes] Bogomolova AE; Braga EA; Nikolaev LG Mol Biol (Mosk) 23: 1332-9 (1989) Mouse, rat and human protein factors recognizing regulatory elements of nontranscribed spacer of rat ribosomal genes were studied by gel retardation assay. Protein factors bind specifically to the DNA90114137 Mechanism of suppression of the long terminal repeat of Moloney leukemia virus in mouse embryonal carcinoma cells. Tsukiyama T; Niwa O; Yokoro K Mol Cell Biol 9: 4670-6 (1989) Sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that bind to the long terminal repeat (LTR) of Moloney leukemia virus in undifferentiated and differentiated mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells were identified90097878 The c-ets proto-oncogenes encode transcription factors that cooperate with c-Fos and c-Jun for transcriptional activation. Wasylyk B; Wasylyk C; Flores P; Begue A; Leprince D; Stehelin D Nature 346: 191-3 (1990) Cell transformation by oncogenes leads to changes in gene expression. A key event in this process seems to be activation of the transcription factors AP-1 and PEA 3. Their synergistic activities are r90309995 Minimally modified low density lipoprotein induces monocyte chemotactic protein 1 in human endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. Cushing SD; Berliner JA; Valente AJ; Territo MC; Navab M; Parhami F; Gerrity R; Schwartz CJ; Fogelman AM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5134-8 (1990) After exposure to low density lipoprotein (LDL) that had been minimally modified by oxidation (MM-LDL), human endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) cultured separately or together produ90311357 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein activates the promoter of the serum albumin gene in cultured hepatoma cells. Friedman AD; Landschulz WH; McKnight SL Genes Dev 3: 1314-22 (1989) An expression vector capable of encoding full-length CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) has been constructed and tested in transient transfection assays for its capacity to activate transcription 90108681 Allergen-directed expression of Fc receptors for IgE (CD23) on human T lymphocytes is modulated by interleukin 4 and interferon-gamma. Prinz JC; Baur X; Mazur G; Rieber EP Eur J Immunol 20: 1259-64 (1990) T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors (FcR) for immunoglobulins are known to have immunoglobulin class-specific regulatory functions. Here we report that expression on T cells of the low-affinity FcR for90316167 Purification of a set of cellular polypeptides that bind to the purine-rich cis-regulatory element of herpes simplex virus immediate early genes. LaMarco KL; McKnight SL Genes Dev 3: 1372-83 (1989) Expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) immediate early (IE) genes is activated by a polypeptide component of the mature virion termed viral protein 16 (VP16). Stimulation of IE expression by90108686 Inducible nuclear factor binding to the kappa B elements of the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer in T cells can be blocked by cyclosporin A in a signal-dependent manner. Schmidt A; Hennighausen L; Siebenlist U J Virol 64: 4037-41 (1990) Cyclosporin A (CsA) is thought to exert its immunosuppressive effects by inhibiting the expression of a distinct set of lymphokine genes which are induced upon T-cell activation, among them the gene c90317911 Construction of linker-scanning mutations using a kanamycin-resistance cassette with multiple symmetric restriction sites. Smith ML; Crouse GF Gene 84: 159-64 (1989) We demonstrate how a kanamycin-resistance (KmR) cassette flanked by polylinkers with multiple restriction sites can be used to introduce nucleotide (nt) sequence replacements into a region of interest90108703 Differential gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis: regulation of the spoVJ gene. Errington J; Wootten L; Dunkerley JC; Foulger D Mol Microbiol 3: 1053-60 (1989) The process of spore formation in the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis is a simple developmental system controlled by 50 or more genes. The complex pattern of regulatory interactions between 90113886 Effect of amino acid alterations in the tryptophan-binding site of the trp repressor. He JJ; Matthews KS J Biol Chem 265: 731-7 (1990) Mutations in the tryptophan-binding site of the trp repressor have been generated using site-directed mutagenesis. The selection of sites for alteration was based on the three-dimensional x-ray crysta90110129 A helix-loop-helix protein related to the immunoglobulin E box-binding proteins. Carr CS; Sharp PA Mol Cell Biol 10: 4384-8 (1990) A human cDNA encoding a novel protein in the helix-loop-helix family has been isolated by screening a bacteriophage expression library with a probe containing the binding site for major late transcrip90318407 The B subunit of a rat heteromeric CCAAT-binding transcription factor shows a striking sequence identity with the yeast Hap2 transcription factor. Maity SN; Vuorio T; de Crombrugghe B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5378-82 (1990) CBF is a heteromeric mammalian transcription factor that binds to CCAAT sequences in a number of promoters such as the two type I collagen promoters, the albumin promoter, the major histocompatibility90319116 Mode of interaction of the zinc finger protein TFIIIA with a 5S RNA gene of Xenopus. Churchill ME; Tullius TD; Klug A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5528-32 (1990) The zinc finger protein TFIIIA, a positive transcription factor of the 5S RNA gene, binds to an internal control region of 50 nucleotides. Two modes of binding have been considered for the TFIIIA-DNA 90319145 ToxR regulates the production of lipoproteins and the expression of serum resistance in Vibrio cholerae. Parsot C; Taxman E; Mekalanos JJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 1641-5 (1991) The genes encoding three lipoproteins of Vibrio cholerae were identified by a combination of DNA sequence analysis and [3H]palmitate labeling of hybrid proteins encoded by TnphoA gene fusions. The exp91156664 Host-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cell clones isolated from a human chimera produce IL-5, IL-2, IFN-gamma and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor but not IL-4. Bacchetta R; de Waal Malefijt R; Yssel H; Abrams J; de Vries JE; Spits H; Roncarolo MG J Immunol 144: 902-8 (1990) In the present study, we investigated the lymphokine production patterns in a series of CD4+ and CD8+ host-reactive T cell clones isolated from PBL of a SCID patient, who was immunologically reconstit90111140 Anti-Ro(SSA) autoantibodies are associated with T cell receptor beta genes in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Frank MB; McArthur R; Harley JB; Fujisaku A J Clin Invest 85: 33-9 (1990) Several of the heterogeneous clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus have been associated with specific autoantibodies. Associations between HLA class II antigens and autoantibodies to90110496 Transcription factor IIIA gene expression in Xenopus oocytes utilizes a transcription factor similar to the major late transcription factor. Hall RK; Taylor WL Mol Cell Biol 9: 5003-11 (1989) Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) gene expression is stringently regulated during development. The steady-state level of TFIIIA mRNA in a somatic cell is approximately 10(6) times less than i90097917 IL-1 transcriptionally activates the neutrophil chemotactic factor/IL-8 gene in endothelial cells. Sica A; Matsushima K; Van Damme J; Wang JM; Polentarutti N; Dejana E; Colotta F; Mantovani A Immunology 69: 548-53 (1990) Leucocytes and vascular cells interact closely in inflammation and immunity and cytokines are important mediators of this interaction. The present study was designed to define the capacity of human en90243300 The role of the c-fms oncogene in the regulation of HL-60 cell differentiation. Wu J; Zhu JQ; Han KK; Zhu DX Oncogene 5: 873-7 (1990) Human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages by PMA (phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate), 1-alpha-25-(OH)2D3(1-alpha-25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, hrGM-CSF (human rec90295281 Temporal and spatial control of the mother-cell regulatory gene spoIIID of Bacillus subtilis. Kunkel B; Kroos L; Poth H; Youngman P; Losick R Genes Dev 3: 1735-44 (1989) Gene expression during endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis is compartmentalized between the mother-cell and forespore chambers of the sporangium, which follow separate pathways of cellular differ90108669 A 65-kD subunit of active NF-kB is required for inhibition of NF-kB by I kB. Baeuerle PA; Baltimore D Genes Dev 3: 1689-98 (1989) The NF-kB transcription factor was affinity-purified from deoxycholate (DOC)-treated cytosol of HeLa cells and shown to contain both a 50-kD polypeptide (p50) with a DNA-binding specificity identical 90108665 Interleukin 6 induces human immunodeficiency virus expression in infected monocytic cells alone and in synergy with tumor necrosis factor alpha by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Poli G; Bressler P; Kinter A; Duh E; Timmer WC; Rabson A; Justement JS; Stanley S; Fauci AS J Exp Med 172: 151-8 (1990) The immunoregulatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) directly upregulates production of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in acutely as well as in chronically infected cells of monocytic lineage. In ad90293675 Fibroin gene promoter contains a cluster of homeodomain binding sites that interact with three silk gland factors. Hui CC; Matsuno K; Suzuki Y J Mol Biol 213: 651-70 (1990) By nuclease protection and mobility shift assays, we have shown that the 5' flanking sequence of the Bombyx mori fibroin gene, which is known to be required for a maximal level of transcription in vit90294285 A cDNA encoding a human CCAAT-binding protein cloned by functional complementation in yeast. Becker DM; Fikes JD; Guarente L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 1968-72 (1991) We constructed a comprehensive cDNA library from HeLa cell mRNA in a vector that directs expression of the cDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We used this library to clone the human counterpart of the 91156727 The adenovirus early region 4 open reading frame 6/7 protein regulates the DNA binding activity of the cellular transcription factor, E2F, through a direct complex. Huang MM; Hearing P Genes Dev 3: 1699-710 (1989) Nuclear factor E2F is a cellular protein that binds to the adenovirus E2 promoter and E1A enhancer regions and to the cellular c-myc P2 promoter region. The DNA binding activity of E2F, detected in vi90108666 Patterns of expression of murine Vgr-1 and BMP-2a RNA suggest that transforming growth factor-beta-like genes coordinately regulate aspects of embryonic development. Lyons KM; Pelton RW; Hogan BL Genes Dev 3: 1657-68 (1989) The murine Vgr-1 (Vg-related) and BMP-2a (bone morphogenetic protein 2a) genes are members of the decapentaplegic subgroup of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) superfamily. Although genet90108662 Expression of transforming growth factor beta 2 during the differentiation of murine embryonal carcinoma and embryonic stem cells. Mummery CL; Slager H; Kruijer W; Feijen A; Freund E; Koornneef I; van den Eijnden-van Raaij AJ Dev Biol 137: 161-70 (1990) Transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF beta 2) mRNA expression was studied by Northern blot analysis in a range of feeder-independent murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells and in feeder-dependent EC a90108416 Functional relevance of specific interactions between herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP4 and sequences from the promoter-regulatory domain of the viral thymidine kinase gene. Imbalzano AN; Shepard AA; DeLuca NA J Virol 64: 2620-31 (1990) The herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 immediate-early regulatory protein ICP4 is required for induced expression of HSV early and late genes, yet the mechanism by which this occurs is not known. We ex90244373 Differential gene expression during sporulation in Bacillus subtilis: structure and regulation of the spoIIID gene. Stevens CM; Errington J Mol Microbiol 4: 543-51 (1990) The gene spoIIID, which is essential for spore formation in Bacillus subtilis, was cloned and sequenced. It consists of one open reading frame which would encode a 93-amino-acid protein with a classic90279496 A liver-specific nuclear factor interacts with the promoter region of the large surface protein gene of human hepatitis B virus. Chang HK; Wang BY; Yuh CH; Wei CL; Ting LP Mol Cell Biol 9: 5189-97 (1989) The outer envelope of the 42-nm virion of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) is composed of the large, the middle, and the major surface proteins. Whereas the middle and the major surface proteins are 90097936 Characterization of the autoantigen La as a nucleic acid-dependent ATPase/dATPase with melting properties. Bachmann M; Pfeifer K; Schroder HC; Muller WE Cell 60: 85-93 (1990) The autoantigen La, a known transcription termination factor of RNA polymerase III, was purified to homogeneity from mouse 3T3 cells and calf thymus by different isolation procedures. The La protein f90106647 Yeast repressor alpha 2 binds to its operator cooperatively with yeast protein Mcm1. Keleher CA; Passmore S; Johnson AD Mol Cell Biol 9: 5228-30 (1989) To bring about repression of a family fo genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae called the a-specific genes, two transcriptional regulatory proteins, alpha 2 and GRM (general regulator of matin type), bind90097942 Crosslinking of transcription factor TFIIIA to ribosomal 5S RNA from X. laevis by trans-diamminedichloroplatinum (II). Baudin F; Romby P; Romaniuk PJ; Ehresmann B; Ehresmann C Nucleic Acids Res 17: 10035-46 (1989) Trans-diamminnedichloroplatinum (II) was used to induce reversible crosslinks between 5S rRNA and TFIIIA within the 7S RNP particle from X. laevis immature oocyte. The crosslinked fragments have been 90098768 A tissue-specific nuclear factor binds to multiple sites in the human insulin-gene enhancer. Boam DS; Docherty K Biochem J 264: 233-9 (1989) Sequence-specific binding of proteins from an insulin-secreting cell line (RINm-5F) to the human insulin-gene 5' region were examined by gel-retardation and methylation-interference analysis. Specific90104279 The maintenance of colchicine-arrested metaphases in plants requires protein synthesis. Sans J; Utrilla L; De la Torre C Cell Tissue Kinet 22: 319-31 (1989) With the aim of finding out factors involved in chromosomal condensation, the kinetics of both metaphase accumulation and the subsequent formation of restitution nuclei in the presence of 1 mM colchic90106608 Proteins binding to the liver-specific pyruvate kinase gene promoter. A unique combination of known factors. Vaulont S; Puzenat N; Levrat F; Cognet M; Kahn A; Raymondjean M J Mol Biol 209: 205-19 (1989) A 183 base-pair fragment of the liver-specific promoter of the L-type puruvate kinase (L-PK) gene has been shown by transfection assay to be sufficient to confer a tissue-specific expression to a repo90064486 The homeodomain of the transcription factor LF-B1 has a 21 amino acid loop between helix 2 and helix 3 [letter] Finney M Cell 60: 5-6 (1990) 90106643 Differential effects of chromium(VI) on constitutive and inducible gene expression in chick embryo liver in vivo and correlation with chromium(VI)-induced DNA damage. Hamilton JW; Wetterhahn KE Mol Carcinog 2: 274-86 (1989) The effect of DNA damage induced by the carcinogen chromium(VI) on the function of DNA as a template for transcription of constitutive and inducible genes was examined in chick embryo liver in vivo. C90104545 Mutations in 5S DNA and 5S RNA have different effects on the binding of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA. You QM; Veldhoen N; Baudin F; Romaniuk PJ Biochemistry 30: 2495-500 (1991) The effects on TFIIIA binding affinity of a series of substitution mutations in the Xenopus laevis oocyte 5S RNA gene were quantified. These data indicate that TFIIIA binds specifically to 5S DNA by f91159432 Derepression of ferritin messenger RNA translation by hemin in vitro. Lin JJ; Daniels-McQueen S; Patino MM; Gaffield L; Walden WE; Thach RE Science 247: 74-7 (1990) Incubation of a 90-kilodalton ferritin repressor protein (FRP), either free or complexed with an L-ferritin transcript, with hemin or Co3+-protoporphyrin IX prevented subsequent repression of ferritin90100564 Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the RpoN sigma-factor of Pseudomonas putida. Kohler T; Cayrol JM; Ramos JL; Harayama S Nucleic Acids Res 17: 10125 (1989) 90098799 An amino-terminal fragment of GAL4 binds DNA as a dimer. Carey M; Kakidani H; Leatherwood J; Mostashari F; Ptashne M J Mol Biol 209: 423-32 (1989) GAL4 is a yeast transcriptional activator protein that binds to specific 2-fold rotationally symmetric sites on DNA and stimulates transcription of the genes required for galactose catabolism. The DNA90064503 Increased Sp1 binding mediates erythroid-specific overexpression of a mutated (HPFH) gamma-globulin promoter. Ronchi A; Nicolis S; Santoro C; Ottolenghi S Nucleic Acids Res 17: 10231-41 (1989) The -198 T----C mutation in the promoter of the A gamma-globin gene increases 20-30 fold the expression of this gene in adult erythroid cells of patients (Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin, H90098865 The identification of a second cell cycle control on the HO promoter in yeast: cell cycle regulation of SW15 nuclear entry. Nasmyth K; Adolf G; Lydall D; Seddon A Cell 62: 631-47 (1990) HO encodes a site-specific endonuclease that initiates mating type switching in S. cerevisiae. It is expressed only transiently during the cell cycle of mother cells, as they undergo Start, but not in90352699 Effects of anti-IgM suppression on polyclonally activated murine B cells: analysis of immunoglobulin mRNA, gene specific nuclear factors and cell cycle distribution. Marcuzzi A; Van Ness B; Rouse T; Lafrenz D Nucleic Acids Res 17: 10455-72 (1989) Polyclonal activation of murine B cells with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dextran sulfate (DxS) results in cell proliferation as well as increased immunoglobulin gene transcription and antib90098880 Internal deletion mutants of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA. Hanas JS; Littell RM; Gaskins CJ; Zebrowski R Nucleic Acids Res 17: 9861-70 (1989) Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) or TFIIIA mutants with internal deletions were expressed in E. coli utilizing a bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase system. TFIIIA or deletion mutant TFIIIAs, is90098849 A cellular factor binds to the herpes simplex virus type 1 transactivator Vmw65 and is required for Vmw65-dependent protein-DNA complex assembly with Oct-1. Xiao P; Capone JP Mol Cell Biol 10: 4974-7 (1990) The herpes simplex virus transactivator Vmw65 assembles into a multicomponent protein-DNA complex along with the octamer binding protein Oct-1. Using affinity chromatography on columns conjugated with90356019 Nucleotide sequence of katF of Escherichia coli suggests KatF protein is a novel sigma transcription factor. Mulvey MR; Loewen PC Nucleic Acids Res 17: 9979-91 (1989) The katF gene of Escherichia coli has been sequenced revealing a 1086 base pair open reading frame from which the sequence of a 362 amino acid protein has been deduced. The direction of transcription 90098856 A gamma interferon-unresponsive variant of cell line 70Z/3, IFN-4, can be partially rescued by phorbol myristate acetate. Emery DW; Rooney JW; Sibley CH Mol Cell Biol 9: 5231-3 (1989) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induce kappa transcription in 70Z/3 cells by different mechanisms; LPS treatment induces both NF-kappa B and OTF-2 transcription factors, but 90097943 trans activation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the interleukin-2 receptor in transgenic mice carrying the human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 tax gene. Green JE; Begley CG; Wagner DK; Waldmann TA; Jay G Mol Cell Biol 9: 4731-7 (1989) Three lines of transgenic mice carrying the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 tax gene have previously been reported to develop neurofibromas composed of perineural fibroblasts (S. H. Hinrichs, M90097885 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PUT3 activator protein associates with proline-specific upstream activation sequences. Siddiqui AH; Brandriss MC Mol Cell Biol 9: 4706-12 (1989) The PUT1 and PUT2 genes encoding the enzymes of the proline utilization pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are induced by proline and activated by the product of the PUT3 gene. Two upstream activatio90097882 Cell type-specific protein-DNA interactions in the human zeta-globin upstream promoter region: displacement of Sp1 by the erythroid cell-specific factor NF-E1. Yu CY; Chen J; Lin LI; Tam M; Shen CK Mol Cell Biol 10: 282-94 (1990) The protein-DNA interactions of the upstream promoter region of the human embryonic zeta-globin gene in nuclear extracts of erythroid K562 cells and nonerythroid HeLa cells were analyzed by DNase I fo90097838 ras oncogene activation of a VL30 transcriptional element is linked to transformation. Owen RD; Bortner DM; Ostrowski MC Mol Cell Biol 10: 1-9 (1990) The activity of a murine VL30 transcriptional element was increased 20-fold in transient assays by coexpression of mutant ras genes. The cis element did not respond to ras in a revertant cell line tha90097815 Platelet-activating factor stimulates a fos/jun/AP-1 transcriptional signaling system in human neuroblastoma cells. Squinto SP; Block AL; Braquet P; Bazan NG J Neurosci Res 24: 558-66 (1989) Platelet-activating factor (PAF) elicits a rapid and transient activation of the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, but only to a minor extent in Molt-4 T-lymphocytes. Thi90096199 Cleavage by RNase III in the transcripts of the met Y-nus-A-infB operon of Escherichia coli releases the tRNA and initiates the decay of the downstream mRNA. Regnier P; Grunberg-Manago M J Mol Biol 210: 293-302 (1989) The metY gene coding for a minor form of the initiator tRNA is the first gene of a complex polycistronic operon also encoding the transcription termination factor NusA and the translation initiation f90096153 Genetic analysis of the switch that controls porin gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12. Slauch JM; Silhavy TJ J Mol Biol 210: 281-92 (1989) The two-component regulatory system, OmpR and EnvZ, in Escherichia coli controls the differential expression of ompF and ompC in response to medium osmolarity. Previous studies suggest that EnvZ funct90096152 Mutations that increase the activity of a transcriptional activator in yeast and mammalian cells. Gill G; Sadowski I; Ptashne M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 2127-31 (1990) Activating region I of GAL4 protein is a stretch of amino acids, positioned adjacent to the DNA-binding region, that activates transcription in yeast and, as we show here, in mammalian cells. Here we 90192760 Interaction of enhancer-binding protein EBP1 (NF-kappa B) with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer. Clark L; Matthews JR; Hay RT J Virol 64: 1335-44 (1990) Human EBP1, isolated from HeLa cells, binds to a 10-base-pair (bp) sequence in cellular and viral enhancers that is also recognized by the inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B. Here we describe t90156535 Mutations in genes downstream of the rpoN gene (encoding sigma 54) of Klebsiella pneumoniae affect expression from sigma 54-dependent promoters. Merrick MJ; Coppard JR Mol Microbiol 3: 1765-75 (1989) Two open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF95 and ORF162, downstream of the Klebsiella pneumoniae sigma 54 structural gene (rpoN) have been sequenced and shown to encode polypeptides of 12 kD and 190158124 Suppression of host mRNA in human smooth muscle cells by a virion competent factor in herpes simplex virus type 1. London FS; Brinker JM; Ziaie Z; Kefalides NA Lab Invest 62: 189-95 (1990) Herpes simplex virus type 1 produces an early decrease in protein synthesis in cultured smooth muscle cells isolated from human umbilical artery. To confirm that suppression of host protein synthesis 90157386 PC12 cells differentiate into chromaffin cell-like phenotype in coculture with adrenal medullary endothelial cells. Mizrachi Y; Naranjo JR; Levi BZ; Pollard HB; Lelkes PI Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 6161-5 (1990) Previously we described specific in vitro interactions between PC12 cells, a cloned, catecholamine-secreting pheochromocytoma cell line derived from the rat adrenal medulla, and bovine adrenal medulla90349574 Alternative mRNA structures of the cIII gene of bacteriophage lambda determine the rate of its translation initiation. Altuvia S; Kornitzer D; Teff D; Oppenheim AB J Mol Biol 210: 265-80 (1989) The bacteriophage lambda cIII gene product has a regulatory function in the lysis-lysogeny decision following infection. The availability of a set of cIII expression mutants allowed us to establish th90096151 Cloning and DNA sequence of the gene coding for the major sigma factor from Myxococcus xanthus. Inouye S J Bacteriol 172: 80-5 (1990) The gene for a sigma factor (rpoD) was cloned from Myxococcus xanthus, a soil bacterium which differentiates to form fruiting bodies upon starvation for nutrients. The DNA sequence of the gene was det90094274 The myb and myc nuclear oncogenes as transcriptional activators. Cole MD Curr Opin Cell Biol 2: 502-8 (1990) 90334896 Pituitary cell phenotypes involve cell-specific Pit-1 mRNA translation and synergistic interactions with other classes of transcription factors. Simmons DM; Voss JW; Ingraham HA; Holloway JM; Broide RS; Rosenfeld MG; Swanson LW Genes Dev 4: 695-711 (1990) Development of the anterior pituitary gland involves proliferation and differentiation of ectodermal cells in Rathke's pouch to generate five distinct cell types that are defined by the trophic hormon90337309 Control of the adipsin gene in adipocyte differentiation. Identification of distinct nuclear factors binding to single- and double-stranded DNA. Wilkison WO; Min HY; Claffey KP; Satterberg BL; Spiegelman BM J Biol Chem 265: 477-82 (1990) The mouse adipsin gene encodes a serine protease with complement factor D activity that is expressed during adipocyte differentiation and is deficient in several animal models of obesity. We have inve90094442 Transforming growth factor-beta switches the pattern of integrins expressed in MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells and causes a selective loss of cell adhesion to laminin. Heino J; Massague J J Biol Chem 264: 21806-11 (1989) Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induces a marked decrease in adhesion of MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells to laminin-coated surfaces, but does not significantly alter adhesion to fibronectin-90094358 jun-B inhibits and c-fos stimulates the transforming and trans-activating activities of c-jun. Schutte J; Viallet J; Nau M; Segal S; Fedorko J; Minna J Cell 59: 987-97 (1989) We have cloned the human jun-B gene and determined its sequence and transforming and trans-activating activities. jun-B is less potent that c-jun in transforming and immortalizing primary rat embryo c90090625 Cytoplasmic anchoring proteins and the control of nuclear localization. Hunt T Cell 59: 949-51 (1989) 90090620 Expression of and response to growth regulatory peptides by two human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. Beauchamp RD; Lyons RM; Yang EY; Coffey RJ Jr; Moses HL Pancreas 5: 369-80 (1990) Two human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (PANC 1 and MIA PACA 2) were examined for expression of growth factors that could potentially play a role either in growth regulation of the tumor cells,90341193 Jun-B differs in its biological properties from, and is a negative regulator of, c-Jun. Chiu R; Angel P; Karin M Cell 59: 979-86 (1989) c-Jun, Jun-B, and Jun-D proteins bind to the TPA response element (TRE) either as homodimers or as Jun-Fos heterodimers. We demonstrate that c-Jun and Jun-B nevertheless differ markedly in their abili90090624 Functional cooperation of lens-specific and nonspecific elements in the delta 1-crystallin enhancer. Goto K; Okada TS; Kondoh H Mol Cell Biol 10: 958-64 (1990) The expression of the chicken delta 1-crystallin gene is primarily regulated by the action of a lens-specific enhancer 1 kilobase long and located in the third intron of the gene (S. Hayashi, K. Goto,90158611 Early gene induction by growth factors. Woodgett JR Br Med Bull 45: 529-40 (1989) The mechanisms by which growth factors elicit their cellular effects include the rapid transcriptional activation of a set of genes. In the past five years much has been learned of the number, identit90089986 Control of type I collagen genes in scleroderma and normal fibroblasts. de Crombrugghe B; Vuorio T; Karsenty G Rheum Dis Clin North Am 16: 109-23 (1990) Increased gene transcription is a mechanism responsible for the exaggerated accumulation of type I and III collagens in scleroderma and other fibrotic syndromes. We review recent studies on the mechan90161261 Genes of the Escherichia coli pur regulon are negatively controlled by a repressor-operator interaction. He B; Shiau A; Choi KY; Zalkin H; Smith JM J Bacteriol 172: 4555-62 (1990) Fusions of lacZ were constructed to genes in each of the loci involved in de novo synthesis of IMP. The expression of each pur-lacZ fusion was determined in isogenic purR and purR+ strains. These meas90330566 Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of shl, a new gene in the 2-minute region of the genetic map of Escherichia coli. Leclerc G; Noel G; Drapeau GR J Bacteriol 172: 4696-700 (1990) Cells of Escherichia coli that harbor supH (an allele of the wild-type gene serU) are sensitive to UV irradiation and temperature and appear to have an impaired cell division control mechanism. We fou90330585 Communication between mitochondria and the nucleus in regulation of cytochrome genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Forsburg SL; Guarente L Annu Rev Cell Biol 5: 153-80 (1989) 90089039 Structure of Arc repressor in solution: evidence for a family of beta-sheet DNA-binding proteins. Breg JN; van Opheusden JH; Burgering MJ; Boelens R; Kaptein R Nature 346: 586-9 (1990) The Arc repressor, which is involved in the switch between lysis and lysogeny of Salmonella bacteriophage P22, does not belong to any of the known classes of DNA-binding proteins. Mutagenesis studies 90332048 Enhancer function in viral and cellular gene regulation. Marriott SJ; Brady JN Biochim Biophys Acta 989: 97-110 (1989) 90089432 Mechanisms of cytomegalovirus-mediated myelosuppression: perturbation of stromal cell function versus direct infection of myeloid cells. Simmons P; Kaushansky K; Torok-Storb B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1386-90 (1990) Infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) continues to be one of the most common complications following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. To study the role of CMV in the suppression of hemopoiesis t90160333 Sequence-specific [1H]NMR resonance assignments and secondary structure identification for 1- and 2-zinc finger constructs from SW15. A hydrophobic core involving four invariant residues. Neuhaus D; Nakaseko Y; Nagai K; Klug A FEBS Lett 262: 179-84 (1990) Complete [1H]NMR resonance assignments are presented for the second of the three zinc fingers from SW15 as it appears in both 1- and 2-finger constructs. Signals from finger 2 are unaffected by the pr90242922 Transactivation by the hepatitis B virus X protein depends on AP-2 and other transcription factors. Seto E; Mitchell PJ; Yen TS Nature 344: 72-4 (1990) The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene product (pX) could be important in disease pathogenesis because it is known to transactivate transcription from many viral and cellular gene promoters, including the90158838 An NMR-based molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction of the lac repressor headpiece and its operator in aqueous solution. de Vlieg J; Berendsen HJ; van Gunsteren WF Proteins 6: 104-27 (1989) The results of a 125 psec molecular dynamics simulation of a lac headpiece-operator complex in aqueous solution are reported. The complex satisfies essentially all experimental distance information de90160277 Two DNA-binding proteins discriminate between the promoters of different members of the major histocompatibility complex class II multigene family. Kobr M; Reith W; Herrero-Sanchez C; Mach B Mol Cell Biol 10: 965-71 (1990) The regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II gene expression is a key feature of the control of normal and abnormal immune responses. In humans, class II alpha - and beta-chain ge90158612 Octamer-binding proteins in diverse hemopoietic cells. Cockerill PN; Klinken SP Mol Cell Biol 10: 1293-6 (1990) The immunoglobulin genes have B-cell-specific promoter and enhancer elements. The regulation of these elements is thought to be mediated to a large degree by the trans-activating factor oct-2, which b90158598 Similarities between the homeodomain and the Hin recombinase DNA-binding domain [letter] Affolter M; Percival-Smith A; Muller M; Billeter M; Qian YQ; Otting G; Wuthrich K; Gehring WJ Cell 64: 879-80 (1991) 91160051 Extinction and activation of the thyroglobulin promoter in hybrids of differentiated and transformed thyroid cells. Bonapace IM; Sanchez M; Obici S; Gallo A; Garofalo S; Gentile R; Cocozza S; Avvedimento EV Mol Cell Biol 10: 1033-40 (1990) Thyroglobulin gene expression was repressed in a rat thyroid cell line transformed with Kirsten murine sarcoma virus. Expression of a dominant selectable marker driven by the thyroglobulin promoter wa90158565 Post-transcriptional regulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor synthesis in murine T cells. Bickel M; Cohen RB; Pluznik DH J Immunol 145: 840-5 (1990) The granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) gene is known to be controlled at a variety of levels in different cell types. We showed previously that GM-CSF production by lectin or phorbol ester (12-O-tetr90324598 Identification, nuclear localization, and DNA-binding activity of the zinc finger protein encoded by the Evi-1 myeloid transforming gene. Matsugi T; Morishita K; Ihle JN Mol Cell Biol 10: 1259-64 (1990) Activation of the Evi-1 zinc finger gene is a common event associated with transformation of murine myeloid leukemias. To characterize the gene product, we developed antisera against various protein d90158592 Promoter and 11-kilobase upstream enhancer elements responsible for hepatoma cell-specific expression of the rat ornithine transcarbamylase gene. Murakami T; Nishiyori A; Takiguchi M; Mori M Mol Cell Biol 10: 1180-91 (1990) The gene for ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC; EC 2.1.3.3), a urea cycle enzyme, is expressed almost exclusively in the liver and small intestine. To identify DNA elements regulating transcription of t90158581 Serum stimulation of the c-fos enhancer induces reversible changes in c-fos chromatin structure. Feng JL; Villeponteau B Mol Cell Biol 10: 1126-33 (1990) Transcription of the proto-oncogene c-fos is known to be activated by growth factors in serum and subsequently repressed by the Fos protein. We show that generalized DNase I sensitivity of c-fos chrom90158575 Roles of fetal G gamma-globin promoter elements and the adult beta-globin 3' enhancer in the stage-specific expression of globin genes. Perez-Stable C; Costantini F Mol Cell Biol 10: 1116-25 (1990) The human fetal G gamma-globin and adult beta-globin genes are expressed in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific pattern in transgenic mice: the G gamma gene in embryonic cells and the beta gene90158574 1.3E2, a variant of the B lymphoma 70Z/3, defective in activation of NF-kappa B and OTF-2. Rooney JW; Emery DW; Sibley CH Immunogenetics 31: 73-8 (1990) The mouse B-cell cell lymphoma 70Z/3 is a convenient model system in which to study the regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis. Three transcriptional activators of kappa (kappa) light chain synthesis 90152764 Alteration of the major phosphorylation site of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 4E prevents its association with the 48 S initiation complex. Joshi-Barve S; Rychlik W; Rhoads RE J Biol Chem 265: 2979-83 (1990) Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace the serine residue at the primary phosphorylation site of human eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E with an alanine residue. The mutated cDNA was transc90153933 Cooperative stimulation of specific gene transcription by epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor type beta 1. Ranganathan G; Getz MJ J Biol Chem 265: 3001-4 (1990) Transforming growth factor type beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a pleiotropic regulator of cell growth and differentiation which can potentiate or otherwise modify cellular responses to different growth factor90153938 Chromosomal translocation t(1;19) results in synthesis of a homeobox fusion mRNA that codes for a potential chimeric transcription factor. Nourse J; Mellentin JD; Galili N; Wilkinson J; Stanbridge E; Smith SD; Cleary ML Cell 60: 535-45 (1990) The gene (E2A) for enhancer binding transcription factors E12 and E47 maps to the t(1;19) chromosomal translocation breakpoint in pre-B cell leukemias. Altered E2A transcripts lacking sequences coding90150281 Characterization of a bipartite activator domain in transcription factor CREB. Yamamoto KK; Gonzalez GA; Menzel P; Rivier J; Montminy MR Cell 60: 611-7 (1990) In this paper, we characterize a trans-activating region in CREB, termed alpha, that interacts cooperatively with the kinase A phosphorylation motif to stimulate transcription. The alpha region appear90150288 A new homeobox gene contributes the DNA binding domain of the t(1;19) translocation protein in pre-B ALL. Kamps MP; Murre C; Sun XH; Baltimore D Cell 60: 547-55 (1990) It was previously shown that the chromosome 19 breakpoint of the t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) translocation, found in human pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias, is within the E2A transcription factor gene 90150282 High resolution structural studies of Cro repressor protein and implications for DNA recognition. Ohlendorf DH; Anderson WF; Takeda Y; Matthews BW J Biomol Struct Dyn 1: 553-63 (1983) Cro repressor is a small dimeric protein that binds to specific sites on the DNA of bacteriophage lambda. The structure of Cro has been determined and suggests that the protein binds to its sequence-s90148245 Recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 1 alpha increase expression of c-abl protooncogene mRNA in cultured human marrow stromal cells. Andrews DF 3d; Nemunaitis JJ; Singer JW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 6788-92 (1989) Analysis of protooncogene RNA expression in marrow stromal cells from long-term marrow culture demonstrated high levels of c-abl 5-, 6-, and 7-kilobase (kb) RNA transcripts. In experiments on three in89367334 Selection of DNA binding sites by regulatory proteins. Functional specificity and pseudosite competition. Berg OG J Biomol Struct Dyn 6: 275-97 (1988) The frequency of base-pair occurrence in a set of recognition sequences for a particular DNA-binding protein is strongly related to the contributions to the binding free energy from the individual bas90148476 The lambda and P22 phage repressors. Sauer RT; Nelson HC; Hehir K; Hecht MH; Gimble FS; DeAnda J; Poteete AR J Biomol Struct Dyn 1: 1011-22 (1983) The lambda cI repressor and the P22 c2 repressor contain two structural domains. In both proteins, the N-terminal domains mediate operator recognition and positive control of transcription, and the C-90148267 Prediction of 3-D structure of the Cro protein from phage 434. Cygler M; Anderson WF J Biomol Struct Dyn 3: 1055-66 (1986) A comparative model building process has been utilized to predict the three-dimensional structure of the bacteriophage 434 Cro protein. Amino acid sequence similarities between the 434 Cro protein and90148323 NMR studies of DNA recognition sequences and their interaction with proteins. The phage lambda OR1 operator, a symmetric lac operator and their specific complexes with cro protein and lac repressor "hBuck F; Hahn KD; Brill W; Ruterjans H; Chernov BK; Skryabin KG; Kirpichnikov MP; Bayev AA J Biomol Struct Dyn 3: 899-911 (1986) The phage lambda operator OR1 and a 18 base pair symmetric lac operator have been studied by high resolution NMR. The imino proton resonances and the resonances of the unexchangeable protons (except t90148316 Erythroid heterokaryons: a system for investigating the functional role of trans-acting factors in developmental hemoglobin switching. Broyles RH; Barker-Harrel J; Ramseyer LT; McBride KA; Sexton DL Prog Clin Biol Res 316B: 83-96 (1989) We have shown that erythroid cells from widely divergent species such as amphibians and mammals can be efficiently fused using either calcium phosphate bridges or polyethylene glycol. Transient hetero90139070 Characterization of chicken octamer-binding proteins demonstrates that POU domain-containing homeobox transcription factors have been highly conserved during vertebrate evolution. Petryniak B; Staudt LM; Postema CE; McCormack WT; Thompson CB Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1099-103 (1990) The DNA sequence motif ATTTGCAT (octamer) or its inverse complement has been identified as an evolutionarily conserved element in the promoter region of immunoglobulin genes. Two major DNA-binding pro90138945 Expression and purification of the leucine zipper and DNA-binding domains of Fos and Jun: both Fos and Jun contact DNA directly. Abate C; Luk D; Gentz R; Rauscher FJ 3d; Curran T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1032-6 (1990) The protein products of the fos and jun protooncogenes interact cooperatively in the form of a heterodimer with the activator protein 1 (AP-1) regulatory element. To characterize the properties of the90138931 Involvement of a NF-kappa B-like transcription factor in the activation of the interleukin-6 gene by inflammatory lymphokines. Shimizu H; Mitomo K; Watanabe T; Okamoto S; Yamamoto K Mol Cell Biol 10: 561-8 (1990) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the major mediators of inflammation, and its expression is inducible by the other inflammatory lymphokines, interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alp90136569 Specificity of spontaneous mutation in the lacI gene cloned into bacteriophage M13. Yatagai F; Glickman BW Mutat Res 243: 21-8 (1990) We have studied the specificity of spontaneous mutation in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli cloned into bacteriophage M13. The comparison of the spectrum of 85 spontaneous mutations with that of the 90136686 Regulation of interleukin 3 mRNA expression in mast cells occurs at the posttranscriptional level and is mediated by calcium ions. Wodnar-Filipowicz A; Moroni C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 777-81 (1990) Interleukin 3 (IL-3) is transiently produced by murine bone marrow-derived mast cells in response to antigen stimulation of the high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptors. We have studied the postrecept90138910 Binding of a Drosophila POU-domain protein to a sequence element regulating gene expression in specific dopaminergic neurons. Johnson WA; Hirsh J Nature 343: 467-70 (1990) Several genes have been identified that affect the specification of unique neuronal identities during development of the Drosophila central nervous system. At least two of these genes, fushi tarazu (f90136944 NF-kB and HIV [letter] Hennighausen L; Furth PA Nature 343: 218-9 (1990) 90136892 Cryptic initiation sequence revealed [letter] Nature 343: 417-8 (1990) 90136936 Mutations in the genes for mitochondrial RNA polymerase and a second mitochondrial transcription factor of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lisowsky T; Michaelis G Mol Gen Genet 219: 125-8 (1989) In our previous work (Lisowsky et al. 1987; Lisowsky and Michaelis 1988) we have identified two nuclear pet genes of yeast that are required for mitochondrial transcription. In this report we show tha90136499 pH-regulated gene expression in Salmonella: genetic analysis of aniG and cloning of the earA regulator. Foster JW; Aliabadi Z Mol Microbiol 3: 1605-15 (1989) The recently described aniG locus exhibits a series of unique regulatory features. The gene is exogenously coinduced by acid and D-mannose, its expression is maximal under anaerobiosis, and the system90136090 Similarities in transthyretin gene expression and differences in transcription factors: liver and yolk sac compared to choroid plexus. Costa RH; Van Dyke TA; Yan C; Kuo F; Darnell JE Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 6589-93 (1990) The serum thyroxine-binding protein, transthyretin (TTR), is made by hepatocytes and by choroid plexus epithelium in adults and by yolk sac cells in embryogenesis. Four hepatocyte nuclear factors (HNF90370831 The gene family encoding the Arabidopsis thaliana translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha: molecular cloning, characterization and expression. Axelos M; Bardet C; Liboz T; Le Van Thai A; Curie C; Lescure B Mol Gen Genet 219: 106-12 (1989) The gene family encoding the Arabidopsis thaliana translation elongation factor (EF-1 alpha) was analysed. This family contains four genes (A1-A4) organized in a similar manner in different varieties 90136496 The Escherichia coli regulatory protein MetJ binds to a tandemly repeated 8 bp palindrome. Davidson BE; Saint Girons I Mol Microbiol 3: 1639-48 (1989) Site-directed oligonucleotide mutagenesis has been used to isolate thirty four new mutants in the regulatory region of the Escherichia coli K12 gene, metF. The mutants include single base pair (bp) su90136093 TraY proteins of F and related episomes are members of the Arc and Mnt repressor family. Bowie JU; Sauer RT J Mol Biol 211: 5-6 (1990) Amino acid changes known to be structurally allowed in Arc repressor were used to aid in the identification of proteins with sequence similarity to Arc and the related Mnt repressor. The sequences of 90133960 Intermediates in the formation of the open complex by RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing the sigma factor sigma 32 at the groE promoter. Cowing DW; Mecsas J; Record MT Jr; Gross CA J Mol Biol 210: 521-30 (1989) The interaction of E sigma 32 with the groE promoter at temperatures between 0 degrees C and 37 degrees C was studied using DNase I footprinting and dimethyl sulfate methylation. Three distinct comple90133906 Interaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing sigma 32 with heat shock promoters. DNase I footprinting and methylation protection. Cowing DW; Gross CA J Mol Biol 210: 513-20 (1989) The DNase I protection pattern of E sigma 32 was assayed on three heat shock promoters, the E sigma 32 promoter for the groESL operon, P2 of the dnaKJ operon, and rpoD PHS, the E sigma 32 promoter ups90133905 DNA sequence analysis of artificially evolved ebg enzyme and ebg repressor genes. Hall BG; Betts PW; Wootton JC Genetics 123: 635-48 (1989) The ebg system has been used as a model to study the artificial selection of new catalytic functions of enzymes and of inducer specificities of repressors. A series of mutant enzymes with altered cata90128218 Autoregulation of PurR repressor synthesis and involvement of purR in the regulation of purB, purC, purL, purMN and guaBA expression in Escherichia coli. Meng LM; Kilstrup M; Nygaard P Eur J Biochem 187: 373-9 (1990) The purR gene encodes a repressor (PurR) controlling the synthesis of the enzymes of purine biosynthesis. The subunit of PurR was identified as a 38-kDa polypeptide by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electroph90126847 Fetal and adult localization of C/EBP: evidence for combinatorial action of transcription factors in cell-specific gene expression. Kuo CF; Xanthopoulos KG; Darnell JE Jr Development 109: 473-81 (1990) C/EBP is a positive-acting transcription factor important for hepatocyte-specific expression present not only in hepatocytes but also a limited number of other cell types in adult mice. By Northern bl90382261 Binding of nuclear factors to the 5'-interferon consensus sequence of the HLA-A2 class I gene. Le Bouteiller P; Bogarad LD; Roberts MR; Barbosa JA; Ruddle FH Exp Cell Res 186: 203-9 (1990) To investigate the regulatory role of the conserved interferon consensus sequence (ICS) found in the 5' flanking region of HLA class I genes, we studied the binding of nuclear proteins to the ICS of H90127094 The Drosophila seven-up gene, a member of the steroid receptor gene superfamily, controls photoreceptor cell fates. Mlodzik M; Hiromi Y; Weber U; Goodman CS; Rubin GM Cell 60: 211-24 (1990) The Drosophila seven-up (svp) gene was isolated as a lethal insertion in an "enhancer trap" screen. It is expressed and required in photoreceptor cell precursors R1, R3, R4, and R6 during eye developm90124631 The -175T----C mutation increases promoter strength in erythroid cells: correlation with evolutionary conservation of binding sites for two trans-acting factors. Gumucio DL; Lockwood WK; Weber JL; Saulino AM; Delgrosso K; Surrey S; Schwartz E; Goodman M; Collins FS Blood 75: 756-61 (1990) A point mutation at position -175 has been detected in Agamma as well as Ggamma globin genes in individuals with hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). To prove that this single point muta90123196 DNA gains, losses, and rearrangements in eukaryotes. Prescott DM Dev Biol (N Y 1985) 6: 13-29 (1989) 90166319 SCIP: a glial POU domain gene regulated by cyclic AMP. Monuki ES; Weinmaster G; Kuhn R; Lemke G Neuron 3: 783-93 (1989) We have isolated cDNA clones encoding SCIP, a POU domain gene expressed by myelin-forming glial of the central and peripheral nervous systems. In purified Schwann cells cultured in the absence of neur90380420 Lac repressor-operator interaction: DNA length dependence. Khoury AM; Lee HJ; Lillis M; Lu P Biochim Biophys Acta 1087: 55-60 (1990) The interaction of the E. coli lac operon repressor with its operator DNA has been directly examined as a function of the length of operator-containing DNA. The apparent bimolecular association rate c90381314 Sequence-specific 1H NMR assignment and secondary structure of the Arc repressor of bacteriophage P22, as determined by two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. Breg JN; Boelens R; George AV; Kaptein R Biochemistry 28: 9826-33 (1989) The Arc repressor of bacteriophage P22 is a DNA binding protein that does not belong to any of the known classes of such proteins. We have undertaken a 1H NMR study of the protein with the aim of eluc90122870 NF-kappa B activation of the cytomegalovirus enhancer is mediated by a viral transactivator and by T cell stimulation. Sambucetti LC; Cherrington JM; Wilkinson GW; Mocarski ES EMBO J 8: 4251-8 (1989) The expression of cytomegalovirus alpha (immediate early) genes is under control of an enhancer that carries signals for strong constitutive expression as well as response elements for transactivation90076147 Age-dependent decrease in the heat-inducible DNA sequence-specific binding activity in human diploid fibroblasts. Choi HS; Lin Z; Li BS; Liu AY J Biol Chem 265: 18005-11 (1990) In order to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the attenuated heat shock response in aging diploid fibroblasts (Liu, A. Y.-C., Lin, Z., Choi, H.-S., Sorhage, F., and Li, B. (19891009272 NMR studies of Arc repressor mutants: proton assignments, secondary structure, and long-range contacts for the thermostable proline-8----leucine variant of Arc. Zagorski MG; Bowie JU; Vershon AK; Sauer RT; Patel DJ Biochemistry 28: 9813-25 (1989) Arc repressor is a 53-residue sequence-specific DNA binding protein. We report the assignment of the proton NMR spectrum and the secondary structure for the thermostable PL8 variant of Arc. This mutan90122869 Absence of substantial bending in Xenopus laevis transcription factor IIIA-DNA complexes. Zwieb C; Brown RS Nucleic Acids Res 18: 583-7 (1990) The extent and location of DNA-bending induced in the Xenopus laevis transcription factor IIIA-oocyte 5S RNA gene complex was determined by the gel retardation method. The electrophoretic mobilities o90174981 The octamer-binding proteins form multi-protein--DNA complexes with the HSV alpha TIF regulatory protein. Kristie TM; LeBowitz JH; Sharp PA EMBO J 8: 4229-38 (1989) The herpes simplex virus transactivator, alpha TIF, stimulates transcription of the alpha/immediate early genes via a cis-acting site containing an octamer element and a conserved flanking sequence. T90076145 Domains of the SFL1 protein of yeasts are homologous to Myc oncoproteins or yeast heat-shock transcription factor. Fujita A; Kikuchi Y; Kuhara S; Misumi Y; Matsumoto S; Kobayashi H Gene 85: 321-8 (1989) We identified a yeast suppressor gene for flocculation (SFL1), which complemented a newly isolated sfl1 mutant. This mutation causes asexual cell aggregation. SFL1 encodes a 767-amino acid protein whi90185205 lac repressor: crystallization of intact tetramer and its complexes with inducer and operator DNA. Pace HC; Lu P; Lewis M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1870-3 (1990) The intact lac repressor tetramer, which regulates expression of the lac operon in Escherichia coli, has been crystallized in the native form, with an inducer, and in a ternary complex with operator D90175398 HTLV-I trans-activator protein, tax, is a trans-repressor of the human beta-polymerase gene. Jeang KT; Widen SG; Semmes OJ 4th; Wilson SH Science 247: 1082-4 (1990) Human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiological agent for adult T cell leukemia (ATL). The HTLV-I trans-activator protein Tax can activate the expression of its own long terminal repeat90176437 The absence of non-local conformational changes in OR3 operator DNA on complexing with the cro repressor. Kirpichnikov MP; Yartzev AP; Minchenkova LE; Chernov BK; Ivanov VI J Biomol Struct Dyn 3: 529-36 (1985) The Interaction of the cro protein of lambda phage with a synthetic OR3 operator having 17 base pairs in length and with its 9 bp fragment has been studied using the circular dichroism (CD) method. In90121875 Retroviral v-myc infection of primary fetal liver cells: transformation of monocytes in vitro. Birchenall-Roberts MC; Engelmann GL; Keller JR; Lohrey N; Ruscetti FW Oncogene 4: 731-5 (1989) Oncogenes carried by retroviruses can alter the growth properties of many cell types. We examined the molecular mechanism by which a retrovirus containing one or a combination of oncogenes can transfo89282206 Zinc release from Xenopus transcription factor IIIA induced by chemical modifications. Shang Z; Liao YD; Wu FY; Wu CW Biochemistry 28: 9790-5 (1989) Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) contains two tightly bound intrinsic Zn2+ ions that are released through treatment with either p-(hydroxymercuri)benzenesulfonate (PMPS) or diethyl pyrocarbo90122865 Characterization of the Escherichia coli transcription factor sigma 70: localization of a region involved in the interaction with core RNA polymerase. Lesley SA; Burgess RR Biochemistry 28: 7728-34 (1989) A set of internal deletions and frame-shift mutations was made in the structural gene for the major sigma factor of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (sigma 70). The truncated proteins from these variou90122752 Transcription factors. Parker CS Curr Opin Cell Biol 1: 512-8 (1989) 90180669 Absence of the type I IFN system in EC cells: transcriptional activator (IRF-1) and repressor (IRF-2) genes are developmentally regulated. Harada H; Willison K; Sakakibara J; Miyamoto M; Fujita T; Taniguchi T Cell 63: 303-12 (1990) Interferons (IFNs) are a heterogeneous family of cytokines that exhibits multiple biological activities. Upon viral infection, expression of type I IFNs (i.e., IFN-alpha and IFN-beta) is induced in a 91004238 A regulatory gene, angR, of the iron uptake system of Vibrio anguillarum: similarity with phage P22 cro and regulation by iron. Farrell DH; Mikesell P; Actis LA; Crosa JH Gene 86: 45-51 (1990) The angR locus in Vibrio anguillarum encodes a trans-acting transcriptional activator which modulates several Fe2(+)-regulated loci in the anguibactin biosynthesis gene cluster. In this paper, the com90185247 Photoregulated gene expression may involve ubiquitous DNA binding proteins. Schindler U; Cashmore AR EMBO J 9: 3415-27 (1990) Several promoter elements have previously been shown to influence the expression of the cab-E gene in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Here we demonstrate, by electrophoretic mobility shift and methylation 91006038 Transcription factor TFIIIA stimulates DNA supercoiling promoted by a fractionated cell-free extract from Xenopus laevis. Sekiguchi JA; Cole AD; Gardner KH; Kmiec EB Eur J Biochem 192: 311-20 (1990) An activity that can introduce negative supercoils into relaxed covalently closed DNA molecules has been isolated from a Xenopus laevis cell-free extract (S-150) and purified over 200-fold. The exogen91006115 Use of "loss-of-contact" substitutions to identify residues involved in an amino acid-base pair contact: effect of substitution of Gln18 of lac repressor by Gly, Ser, and Leu. Ebright RH J Biomol Struct Dyn 3: 281-97 (1985) A procedure to identify which base pair of lac operator (lacO) a suspected contacting amino acid of Lac repressor (LacR) interacts with is presented. The procedure is to eliminate the ability of the a90121856 Fibroblast growth factor-dependent mitogenic signal transduction pathway in chemically transformed mouse fibroblasts is similar to but distinct from that initiated by phorbol esters. Buchou T; Mester J J Cell Physiol 142: 559-65 (1990) Treatment of the quiescent, chemically transformed Balb/c mouse 3T3 cells (BP-A31) with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) leads to reinitiation of the cell division cycle in a large proportion of the cel90186857 GAL4 transcription factor is not a "zinc finger" but forms a Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster. Pan T; Coleman JE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 2077-81 (1990) The DNA-binding domain of the transcription factor GAL4, consisting of the 62 N-terminal residues and denoted GAL4(62*), contains a Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa6-Cys-Xaa6-Cys-Xaa2-Cys-Xaa6+ ++-Cys motif, which ha90192750 Hydrogen exchange of individual amide protons in the E. coli lac repressor DNA-binding domain: a nuclear magnetic resonance study. Boelens R; Gros P; Scheek RM; Verpoorte JA; Kaptein R J Biomol Struct Dyn 3: 269-80 (1985) Proton exchange in lac repressor headpiece was studied by COSY and 2D NOE spectroscopy. The exchange rates of amide protons, stabilized by the hydrogen bonds of the three alpha-helices of the headpiec90121855 Conserved residues make similar contacts in two repressor-operator complexes. Pabo CO; Aggarwal AK; Jordan SR; Beamer LJ; Obeysekare UR; Harrison SC Science 247: 1210-3 (1990) Comparison of a lambda repressor-operator complex and a 434 repressor-operator complex reveals that three conserved residues in the helix-turn-helix (HTH) region make similar contacts in each of the c90193679 Diffusion-collision model for the folding kinetics of the lambda-repressor operator-binding domain. Bashford D; Weaver DL; Karplus M J Biomol Struct Dyn 1: 1243-55 (1984) The operator-binding domain of the lambda-repressor contains five alpha-helices and an extended N-terminal arm in the crystal structure determined by Pabo and Lewis reported in Nature 298, 443, 1982 (90121817 Conformational energy analysis of the leucine repeat regions of C/EBP, GCN4, and the proteins of the myc, jun, and fos oncogenes. Brandt-Rauf PW; Pincus MR; Chen JM; Lee G J Protein Chem 8: 679-88 (1989) It has been recently proposed that certain DNA binding proteins (including C/EBP, GCN4 and the myc, jun, and fos oncogene proteins) share a common structural motif based on helix-promoting regions con90121578 Calcium and proto-oncogene involvement in the immediate-early response in the nervous system. Morgan JI; Curran T Ann N Y Acad Sci 568: 283-90 (1989) Depolarization of neurons either in culture or in vivo results in the rapid, calcium-dependent induction of several, so-called, immediate-early genes; the prototypes being c-fos and c-jun. The protein90196815 A mutation in the Zn-finger of the GAL4 homolog LAC9 results in glucose repression of its target genes. Kuger P; Godecke A; Breunig KD Nucleic Acids Res 18: 745-51 (1990) The transcriptional activator LAC9, a GAL4 homolog of Kluyveromyces lactis which mediates lactose and galactose-dependent activation of genes involved in the utilization of these sugars can also confe90192144 Reverse hydrophobic effects relieved by amino-acid substitutions at a protein surface. Pakula AA; Sauer RT Nature 344: 363-4 (1990) It is rare for amino-acid substitutions on the surface of proteins to have large stabilizing or destabilizing effects. Nevertheless, one substitution of this type, the Tyr 26----Cys mutation in lambda90190873 Reaction parameters of TFIIIA-induced supercoiling catalyzed by a Xenopus laevis cell-free extract. Sekiguchi JA; Kmiec EB Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1021-9 (1990) In addition to its fundamental role of nucleating the formation of stable transcription complexes, the Xenopus laevis 5S RNA specific transcription factor, TFIIIA, promotes a variety of DNA-associated90192083 Heterodimer formation between CREB and JUN proteins. Benbrook DM; Jones NC Oncogene 5: 295-302 (1990) DNA binding protein families have been identified that contain a leucine zipper dimerization motif preceded by a conserved, highly basic domain involved in direct specific interaction with DNA. Member90191714 Cross-talk in signal transduction: TPA-inducible factor jun/AP-1 activates cAMP-responsive enhancer elements. Sassone-Corsi P; Ransone LJ; Verma IM Oncogene 5: 427-31 (1990) The product of the jun proto-oncogene has been identified as one form of the transcription factor AP-1. The p55fos protein associates with jun/AP-1 by means of a heterodimer which requires intact 'leu90191731 2-Aminopurine abolishes EGF- and TPA-stimulated pp33 phosphorylation and c-fos induction without affecting the activation of protein kinase C. Mahadevan LC; Wills AJ; Hirst EA; Rathjen PD; Heath JK Oncogene 5: 327-35 (1990) Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Tetradecanoyl Phorbol Acetate (TPA) initiate signalling cascades in C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts by primarily activating distinct protein kinases, the EGF receptor tyrosine90191718 Complexity of the immediate early response of myeloid cells to terminal differentiation and growth arrest includes ICAM-1, Jun-B and histone variants. Lord KA; Hoffman-Liebermann B; Liebermann DA Oncogene 5: 387-96 (1990) Differentiation inducible leukemic as well as normal myeloid precursors treated with physiological myeloid differentiation inducer have been used to explore the immediate early genetic response of cel90191725 In vitro reconstitution of functional yeast U2 snRNPs. McPheeters DS; Fabrizio P; Abelson J Genes Dev 3: 2124-36 (1989) A system for the functional reconstitution of yeast U2 snRNPs using synthetic U2 RNAs is described. We use oligonucleotide-directed RNase H cleavage to specifically deplete yeast extracts of their end90185191 Association of nuclear oncoproteins fos and jun. Ransone LJ; Verma IM Curr Opin Cell Biol 1: 536-40 (1989) 90180673 Different requirements for formation of Jun: Jun and Jun: Fos complexes. Smeal T; Angel P; Meek J; Karin M Genes Dev 3: 2091-100 (1989) The cFos proto-oncoprotein associates with cJun to form a heterodimer with increased DNA binding and transcriptional activities. It has been suggested that dimerization of these proteins is mediated b90185188 Transcription factor ATF cDNA clones: an extensive family of leucine zipper proteins able to selectively form DNA-binding heterodimers. Hai TW; Liu F; Coukos WJ; Green MR Genes Dev 3: 2083-90 (1989) An activating transcription factor (ATF)-binding site (consensus sequence 5'-GTGACGTACAG-3') is a promoter element present in a wide variety of viral and cellular genes. The two best-characterized cla90185187 Protein recognition sites in polyomavirus enhancer: formation of a novel site for NF-1 factor in an enhancer mutant and characterization of a site in the enhancer D domain. Caruso M; Iacobini C; Passananti C; Felsani A; Amati P EMBO J 9: 947-55 (1990) Polyomavirus mutants selected for modified host range exhibit DNA sequence alterations in the regulatory region, which consist mainly of duplications and/or deletions. Single base pair mutations have 90183996 An element of symmetry in yeast TATA-box binding protein transcription factor IID. Consequence of an ancestral duplication? Stucka R; Feldmann H FEBS Lett 261: 223-5 (1990) TATA-box binding factor TFIID is one of the key factors in transcriptional activation. Surprisingly, the yeast TFDII protein [(1989) Nature 341, 299-303; (1989) Cell 56, 1173-1181; (1989) Proc. Natl. 90184449 TGF-beta 1 inhibition of transin/stromelysin gene expression is mediated through a Fos binding sequence. Kerr LD; Miller DB; Matrisian LM Cell 61: 267-78 (1990) Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) inhibits the growth factor and oncogene induction of transin/stromelysin, a secreted matrix-degrading metalloprotease. We demonstrate that a 10 bp elemen90235276 Characterization of a B cell helper factor(s) derived from CD5+ B cell hybridomas. Hardin JA; Gibson M; Kawano Y; Spielberg S; Martin C; Collins M; Dorf ME; Sherr DH Cell Immunol 126: 304-21 (1990) Work from our laboratory suggests that the selective advantage of frequently autoreactive CD5+ B cells is to provide activation signals to CD5- antigen-specific B cells. This hypothesis is supported b90182681 The SNF5 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a glutamine- and proline-rich transcriptional activator that affects expression of a broad spectrum of genes. Laurent BC; Treitel MA; Carlson M Mol Cell Biol 10: 5616-25 (1990) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF5 gene affects expression of both glucose- and phosphate-regulated genes and appears to function in transcription. We report the nucleotide sequence, which predicts tha91042489 Deficiens, a homeotic gene involved in the control of flower morphogenesis in Antirrhinum majus: the protein shows homology to transcription factors. Sommer H; Beltran JP; Huijser P; Pape H; Lonnig WE; Saedler H; Schwarz-Sommer Z EMBO J 9: 605-13 (1990) Deficiens (defA+) is a homeotic gene involved in the genetic control of Antirrhinum majus flower development. Mutation of this gene (defA-1) causes homeotic transformation of petals into sepals and of90183955 Adherence-dependent increase in human monocyte PDGF(B) mRNA is associated with increases in c-fos, c-jun, and EGR2 mRNA. Shaw RJ; Doherty DE; Ritter AG; Benedict SH; Clark RA J Cell Biol 111: 2139-48 (1990) Adherence is an important initial step in the transition of a circulating monocyte to a tissue macrophage. This differentiation is accompanied by an augmented capacity to generate growth factors. We h91035625 Extinction of Ig genes expression in myeloma x fibroblast somatic cell hybrids is accompanied by repression of the oct-2 gene encoding a B-cell specific transcription factor. Bergman Y; Strich B; Sharir H; Ber R; Laskov R EMBO J 9: 849-55 (1990) In most instances, fusion of differentiated cell types with fibroblasts has resulted in the extinction of differentiation-specific traits of the nonfibroblast parental cell. To explore the genetic bas90183985 Mutant lac repressors with new specificities hint at rules for protein--DNA recognition. Lehming N; Sartorius J; Kisters-Woike B; von Wilcken-Bergmann B; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 9: 615-21 (1990) Proteins which recognize specific sequences of DNA play a fundamental role in the regulation of protein synthesis in all organisms. A particular helix of the bacterial protein lac repressor recognizes90183956 Abnormal T cells from lpr mice down-regulate transcription of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in vitro. Murray L; Martens C Cell Immunol 126: 367-76 (1990) We have studied the ability of isolated T cell subpopulations from the autoimmune mouse MRL/MPJ/lpr/lpr (lpr) to proliferate and to undergo changes in cytokine gene transcription in vitro, in the pres90182686 DNA methylation and specific protein-DNA interactions. Molloy PL; Watt F Philos Trans R Soc Lond [Biol] 326: 267-75 (1990) The effect of site-specific CpG methylation on the binding of a HeLa cell transcription factor (MLTF) has been studied. Methylation at a central site within the binding sequence for the factor is foun90175652 Differential regulation of interleukin-6 expression in human fibroblasts by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lymphotoxin. Mantovani L; Henschler R; Brach MA; Wieser R; Lubbert M; Lindemann A; Mertelsmann RH; Herrmann F FEBS Lett 270: 152-6 (1990) The treatment of human diploid fibroblasts with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and with lymphotoxin (LT) is associated with induction of interleukin-6 (IL-6) transcripts with TNF-alpha being 10-fol91032001 Identification of the metalloregulatory element of the plasmid-encoded arsenical resistance operon. San Francisco MJ; Hope CL; Owolabi JB; Tisa LS; Rosen BP Nucleic Acids Res 18: 619-24 (1990) The regulatory region of the plasmid-encoded arsenical resistance (ars) operon was cloned as a 727-bp EcoRI-HindIII fragment. When cloned into a promoter probe vector this fragment conferred arsenite 90174986 Regulation of amylase gene expression in diabetic mice is mediated by a cis-acting upstream element close to the pancreas-specific enhancer. Keller SA; Rosenberg MP; Johnson TM; Howard G; Meisler MH Genes Dev 4: 1316-21 (1990) We localized the cis-acting sequences that mediate the regulation of a pancreatic amylase gene, Amy-2.2, in diabetic mice. We constructed three hybrid genes containing sequences from the 5'-flanking r91032983 Vitamin D-mediated modifications in protein-DNA interactions at two promoter elements of the osteocalcin gene. Markose ER; Stein JL; Stein GS; Lian JB Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1701-5 (1990) By the combined use of DNase I footprinting, electrophoretic mobility-shift assay, and methylation interference analysis, we have identified a series of sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions in t90175364 Sequence of the cDNA encoding ITF-2, a positive-acting transcription factor. Henthorn P; McCarrick-Walmsley R; Kadesch T Nucleic Acids Res 18: 678 (1990) 90175016 Sequence of the cDNA encoding ITF-1, a positive-acting transcription factor. Henthorn P; McCarrick-Walmsley R; Kadesch T Nucleic Acids Res 18: 677 (1990) 90175015 Effects of growth hormone on the expression of c-myc and c-fos during early stages of sex-differentiated rat liver carcinogenesis in the resistant hepatocyte model. Hallstrom IP; Gustafsson JA; Blanck A Carcinogenesis 10: 2339-43 (1989) The expression of the oncogenes c-myc and c-fos was studied in Wistar rats treated according to the resistant hepatocyte model. During early phases of promotion, i.e. the first 4 days after partial he90075337 The ETS-domain: a new DNA-binding motif that recognizes a purine-rich core DNA sequence [letter] Karim FD; Urness LD; Thummel CS; Klemsz MJ; McKercher SR; Celada A; Van Beveren C; Maki RA; Gunther CV; Nye JA; et al Genes Dev 4: 1451-3 (1990) 91071573 The temporal order of appearance of transcripts from unrearranged and rearranged Ig genes in murine fetal liver. Lennon GG; Perry RP J Immunol 144: 1983-7 (1990) The developmental time course of RNA transcribed from unrearranged (germ-line) and rearranged Ig genes in murine fetal liver was determined by a quantitative Northern blot analysis. Sterile Cmu transc90171599 Binding of NF-KB-like factors to regulatory sequences of the c-myc gene. Duyao MP; Kessler DJ; Spicer DB; Sonenshein GE Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 166: 211-20 (1990) 91160287 Purified bovine NF-kappa B recognizes regulatory sequences in multiple genes expressed during activation of T- and B-lymphocytes. Lenardo MJ; Kuang A; Gifford A; Baltimore D Hamatol Bluttransfus 32: 411-5 (1989) To characterize the NF-kappa B binding factor in molecular terms and to facilitate the cloning of its gene, we have purified this protein from bovine spleen tissue. We have found it is a 42,000-dalton90169652 Octamer transcription factors and the cell type-specificity of immunoglobulin gene expression. Kemler I; Schaffner W FASEB J 4: 1444-9 (1990) Antibodies are produced exclusively in B lymphocytes. The expression of the antibody-encoding genes, the immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, is also restricted to B cells. The octamer sequence ATGCAAAT is pres90169371 Rat tracheal epithelial cells produce granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Smith SM; Lee DK; Lacy J; Coleman DL Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2: 59-68 (1990) It is unknown whether local resident cells of the upper airway are able to regulate the number and function of phagocytic cells by the secretion of cytokines. We undertook to determine if tracheal epi90166684 The NGF-inducible SCG10 mRNA encodes a novel membrane-bound protein present in growth cones and abundant in developing neurons. Stein R; Mori N; Matthews K; Lo LC; Anderson DJ Neuron 1: 463-76 (1988) We have characterized and sequenced cDNA clones corresponding to the neural-specific SCG10 mRNA. The predicted amino acid sequence is novel and not strongly homologous to that of any known polypeptide90166527 Isolation and functional characterization of TIF-IB, a factor that confers promoter specificity to mouse RNA polymerase I. Schnapp A; Clos J; Hadelt W; Schreck R; Cvekl A; Grummt I Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1385-93 (1990) The murine ribosomal gene promoter contains two cis-acting control elements which operate in concert to promote efficient and accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase I. The start site prox90221859 Effects of colony-stimulating factors on leukemia progenitor cells and oncogene expression. Watson JD; Barber KE; Crosier PS Behring Inst Mitt 48: 154-64 (1988) Realising the therapeutic potential of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) depends upon understanding the biological responses elicited by these regulators in target hemopoietic cells, and determining t89193287 Mechanisms regulating transient expression of mammalian cytokine genes and cellular oncogenes. Reeves R; Magnuson NS Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 38: 241-82 (1990) 90222543 Mapping of functional domains in Fos and Jun proteins using epitope-specific antibodies. Adamkiewicz J; Bruller HJ; Gausepohl H; Frank R; Muller R Oncogene 5: 525-33 (1990) A panel of epitope-specific antibodies, directed against c-Fos, c-Jun, and FosB derived oligopeptide sequences, was generated and used to study the interaction of Fos and Jun proteins and the binding 90221592 Direct cloning of leucine zipper proteins: Jun binds cooperatively to the CRE with CRE-BP1. Macgregor PF; Abate C; Curran T Oncogene 5: 451-8 (1990) The proto-oncogene products Fos and Jun form a stable heterodimeric complex that functions in transcriptional regulation by interacting with the DNA sequence known as the AP-1 site. Dimer formation oc90221582 Activation of interleukin-6 gene expression through the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Libermann TA; Baltimore D Mol Cell Biol 10: 2327-34 (1990) The promoter region of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene has a putative NF-kappa B-binding site. We found that a fragment of the IL-6 promoter containing the site specifically binds highly purified NF-kap90220618 A negative element involved in vimentin gene expression. Farrell FX; Sax CM; Zehner ZE Mol Cell Biol 10: 2349-58 (1990) Vimentin is one member of the intermediate filament multigene family which exhibits both tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression. In vivo, vimentin is expressed in cells of mesenchymal ori90220621 Molecular analysis of the mitochondrial transcription factor mtf2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lisowsky T Mol Gen Genet 220: 186-90 (1990) The nuclear gene for a new mitochondrial transcription factor (mtf2) was isolated by transformation of mutant pet-ts3504. It was localized on a 6.4 kb fragment of yeast genomic DNA by subcloning and c90220489 Regulation of granulocyte- and monocyte-colony stimulating factor mRNA levels in human blood monocytes is mediated primarily at a post-transcriptional level. Ernst TJ; Ritchie AR; Demetri GD; Griffin JD J Biol Chem 264: 5700-3 (1989) Human blood monocytes secrete a number of cytokines following activation including two hematopoietic growth factors, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and monocyte/macrophage-colony stimul89174622 [Synthesis of nonlinear DNA-binding peptide with binding specificity determinants close to those of 434 Cro-repressor] Grokhovskii SL; Surovaia AN; Sidorova NIu; Gurskii GV Mol Biol (Mosk) 23: 1558-80 (1989) Design, synthesis and DNA binding activity of a nonlinear 102 residue peptide are reported. The peptide contains four sequence-specific DNA binding domains of 434 Cro protein. These four domains were 90220549 Preparation and characterization of yeast nuclear extracts for efficient RNA polymerase B (II)-dependent transcription in vitro. Verdier JM; Stalder R; Roberge M; Amati B; Sentenac A; Gasser SM Nucleic Acids Res 18: 7033-9 (1990) We present a reproducible method for the preparation of nuclear extracts from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that support efficient RNA polymerase B (II)-dependent transcription. Extracts from bot91088281 Synthesis of a novel cytokine and its gene (LD78) expressions in hematopoietic fresh tumor cells and cell lines. Yamamura Y; Hattori T; Obaru K; Sakai K; Asou N; Takatsuki K; Ohmoto Y; Nomiyama H; Shimada K J Clin Invest 84: 1707-12 (1989) The gene coding for the protein LD78 was isolated from stimulated human tonsillar lymphocytes by differential hybridization. The gene product consisted of 92 amino acids with characteristics of cytoki90078625 Adenovirus 12S E1A gene represses differentiation of F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Weigel RJ; Devoto SH; Nevins JR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9878-82 (1990) The F9 teratocarcinoma cell line differentiates in vitro after treatment with retinoic acid and cAMP and has been a widely used model system for the study of the molecular events that are responsible 91088615 Differential regulation of the N-myc gene in transfected cells and transgenic mice. Zimmerman K; Legouy E; Stewart V; Depinho R; Alt FW Mol Cell Biol 10: 2096-103 (1990) The N-myc gene is expressed specifically in the early developmental stages of numerous cell lineages. To assay for sequences that could potentially regulate N-myc expression, we transfected constructs90220595 Identification of a growth hormone gene promoter repressor element and its cognate double- and single-stranded DNA-binding proteins. Pan WT; Liu QR; Bancroft C J Biol Chem 265: 7022-8 (1990) In previous investigations, cell fusion was found to silence either the endogenous rat growth hormone (GH) gene or a transfected rat GH gene promoter, implying that repression plays a role in regulati90216740 Molecular mechanisms of regulation of HTLV-1 gene expression and its association with leukemogenesis. Yoshida M; Inoue J; Fujisawa J; Seiki M Genome 31: 662-7 (1989) Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) has two trans-acting regulator genes, tax and rex, in the pX region. The tax gene is a trans-acting transcriptional activator of the long terminal repeat (L90215248 Secondary structure of a leucine zipper determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Oas TG; McIntosh LP; O'Shea EK; Dahlquist FW; Kim PS Biochemistry 29: 2891-4 (1990) Previous work has shown that a synthetic peptide corresponding to the leucine zipper region of the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4 forms a stable dimer of alpha-helices and that the helices are o90248364 Thermal unfolding studies of a leucine zipper domain and its specific DNA complex: implications for scissor's grip recognition. Weiss MA Biochemistry 29: 8020-4 (1990) A newly recognized class of eukaryotic transcription factors is characterized by a bipartite sequence motif, consisting of a C-terminal dimerization region (the leucine zipper) and an N-terminal basic91084469 Tissue-specific activity of the pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene and repression by glucocorticoids. Drouin J; Nemer M; Charron J; Gagner JP; Jeannotte L; Sun YL; Therrien M; Tremblay Y Genome 31: 510-9 (1989) The gene encoding pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is specifically expressed in two different cell types of the pituitary gland. We have defined the regulatory DNA sequences of the POMC gene that are respo90215231 Increase in abundance of a transcript hybridizing to elongation factor I alpha during cellular senescence and quiescence. Giordano T; Kleinsek D; Foster DN Exp Gerontol 24: 501-13 (1989) We have isolated a senescence-specific clone (pSEN) from a cDNA library constructed from late passage WI-38 human diploid fibroblast that accounts for approximately 1% of the recombinants. Nucleotide 90214767 Cloning and molecular characterization of a cDNA clone to statin, a protein specifically expressed in nonproliferating quiescent and senescent fibroblasts. Wang E; Moutsatsos IK; Nakamura T Exp Gerontol 24: 485-99 (1989) 90214766 The three operators of the lac operon cooperate in repression. Oehler S; Eismann ER; Kramer H; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 9: 973-9 (1990) We tested the effect of systematic destruction of all three lac operators of the chromosomal lac operon of Escherichia coli on repression by Lac repressor. Absence of just one 'pseudo-operator' O2 or 90214646 The stereochemistry and biochemistry of the trp repressor-operator complex. Luisi BF; Sigler PB Biochim Biophys Acta 1048: 113-26 (1990) 90212641 Differential expression of immediate early genes in the hippocampus and spinal cord. Wisden W; Errington ML; Williams S; Dunnett SB; Waters C; Hitchcock D; Evan G; Bliss TV; Hunt SP Neuron 4: 603-14 (1990) We have demonstrated that immediate early genes can be differentially activated within the central nervous system. We examined the effects of tetanic stimulation in the hippocampus and of noxious sens90211976 Structural and functional properties of the segments of lambda cro mRNA that interact with transcription termination factor Rho. Faus I; Richardson JP J Mol Biol 212: 53-66 (1990) Termination of transcription at tR1, the Rho-dependent terminator between genes cro and cII of bacteriophage lambda, is dependent upon the structure of segments near the 3' end of the nascent cro gene90204546 Expression of the brown fat mitochondria uncoupling protein in Xenopus oocytes and important into mitochondrial membrane. Klaus S; Casteilla L; Bouillaud F; Raimbault S; Ricquier D Biochem Biophys Res Commun 167: 784-9 (1990) Non shivering thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue is due to the uncoupling protein (UCP), located in the inner mitochondrial membrane, which functions as a proton translocator and can thus uncouple 90211262 A new member of the leucine zipper class of proteins that binds to the HLA DR alpha promoter. Liou HC; Boothby MR; Finn PW; Davidon R; Nabavi N; Zeleznik-Le NJ; Ting JP; Glimcher LH Science 247: 1581-4 (1990) Several mutants derived from transformed human B cell lines are defective in expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes. The failure to express a class II gene in at least one su90208323 Nucleotide sequence of a putative transcription factor recognizing the thyroglobulin promoter. Javaux F; Vassart G; Christophe D Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1301 (1990) 90206807 [The archaebacterial ribosome] Itoh T Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 35: 130-40 (1990) 90207658 Analysis of cytokine mRNA and DNA: detection and quantitation by competitive polymerase chain reaction. Gilliland G; Perrin S; Blanchard K; Bunn HF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 2725-9 (1990) The expression of two cytokines, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3), has been investigated in MLA-144 cells before and after induction with phorbol 12-m90207270 Translation and a 42-nucleotide segment within the coding region of the mRNA encoded by the MAT alpha 1 gene are involved in promoting rapid mRNA decay in yeast. Parker R; Jacobson A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 2780-4 (1990) In yeast, the mRNA encoded by the MAT alpha 1 gene is unstable (t1/2 = 5 min) and the mRNAs encoded by the ACT1 gene (t1/2 = 30 min) and the PGK1 gene (t1/2 = 45 min) are stable. To understand the RNA90207281 Mitogenesis induced by pp60v-src is not accompanied by increased expression of immediate early response genes. Welham MJ; Wyke JA; Lang A; Wyke AW Oncogene 5: 161-9 (1990) Rat-1 cells infected with a temperature sensitive mutant of RSV (ts LA 29 Rat-1) can be rendered quiescent by serum deprivation at restrictive temperature. Shift to permissive conditions activates the90206617 Transcriptional and posttranscriptional modulation of myeloid colony-stimulating factor expression by tumor necrosis factor and other agents. Koeffler HP; Gasson J; Tobler A Mol Cell Biol 8: 3432-8 (1988) Granulocyte (G) and granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colony-stimulating factors (CSF) are necessary for proliferation and differentiation of myeloid hematopoietic cells. Fibroblasts stimulated by tumor nec89096936 Differential processing of colony-stimulating factor 1 precursors encoded by two human cDNAs. Rettenmier CW; Roussel MF Mol Cell Biol 8: 5026-34 (1988) The biosynthesis of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) was examined in mouse NIH-3T3 fibroblasts transfected with a retroviral vector expressing the 554-amino-acid product of a human 4-kil89096876 Retinoic acid causes a decline in TGF-alpha expression, cloning efficiency, and tumorigenicity in a human embryonal cancer cell line. Dmitrovsky E; Moy D; Miller WH Jr; Li A; Masui H Oncogene Res 5: 233-9 (1990) The human teratocarcinoma NTERA-2 cl. D1 (NT2/D1) cell is a cloned multipotential embryonal cancer cell line that differentiates into a neuronal phenotype and other cellular lineages with retinoic aci90206635 brlA requires both zinc fingers to induce development. Adams TH; Deising H; Timberlake WE Mol Cell Biol 10: 1815-7 (1990) Expression of the Aspergillus nidulans brlA gene induces a developmental pathway leading to the production of asexual spores. We have introduced mutations into brlA that are expected to disrupt either90205867 c-fos mediated stimulation of an AP-1 DNA binding activity in undifferentiated teratocarcinoma cell lines. Caceres J; Glikin G; Bravo R; Weinmann R Oncogene 5: 59-67 (1990) Undifferentiated F9 and PCC4 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells contain low levels of AP-1 DNA binding activity. Upon differentiation induced by retinoic acid and cyclic AMP or in differentiated cell line90206612 A tumor promoting phorbol ester, TPA, enhances polyomavirus DNA replication by activating the function of the viral enhancer. Murakami Y; Asano M; Satake M; Ito Y Oncogene 5: 5-13 (1990) The effect of tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) on enhancer dependent polyomavirus (Py) DNA replication was examined in cells expressing Py large T antigen. The results showed90206610 Both Jun and Fos contribute to transcription activation by the heterodimer. Hirai S; Bourachot B; Yaniv M Oncogene 5: 39-46 (1990) Comparison of the amino acid sequence of the three members of the mouse jun proto-oncogene family, c-jun, jun B and jun D, reveals several homologous segments. The most C-terminal of them including a 90206608 Nuclear proteins which bind the human gamma-globin gene. Gumucio DL; Gray TA; Rood KL; Blanchard KL; Collins FS Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 129-38 (1989) 90083344 Chromosomal localization of the three members of the jun proto-oncogene family in mouse and man. Mattei MG; Simon-Chazottes D; Hirai S; Ryseck RP; Galcheva-Gargova Z; Guenet JL; Mattei JF; Bravo R; Yaniv M Oncogene 5: 151-6 (1990) The three members of the jun proto-oncogene family c-jun, jun b and jun D were mapped on the mouse chromosome by in situ hybridization. The c-jun locus is on chromosome 4 subregion C5----C7, whereas j90206604 Transforming growth factor-beta represses transcription of the mouse mammary tumour virus DNA in cultured mouse mammary cells. Cato AC; Mink S; Nierlich B; Ponta H; Schaap D; Schuuring E; Sonnenberg A Oncogene 5: 103-10 (1990) Increased expression of mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) is associated with hyperplastic alveolar growth and subsequent development of mammary cancers in the mouse. The expression of this virus is re90206596 Specific interaction of the murine transcription termination factor TTF I with class-I RNA polymerases. Kuhn A; Bartsch I; Grummt I Nature 344: 559-62 (1990) The 18-base-pair sequence element AGGTCGACCAGTACTCCG (the Sal box) signals termination of mouse ribosomal gene transcription. This sequence is recognized by a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein, TT90206081 Purification and characterization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor TFIIIC. Polypeptide composition defined with polyclonal antibodies. Parsons MC; Weil PA J Biol Chem 265: 5095-103 (1990) The class III gene transcription factor termed TFIIIC has been extensively purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Three polypeptides of 138, 131, and 95 kDa consistently copurified with TFIIIC transc90202991 Binary system for regulating transgene expression in mice: targeting int-2 gene expression with yeast GAL4/UAS control elements. Ornitz DM; Moreadith RW; Leder P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 698-702 (1991) We have developed a binary transgenic system that activates an otherwise silent transgene in the progeny of a simple genetic cross. The system consists of two types of transgenic mouse strains, target91126063 Genetic studies of the lac repressor. XIII. Extensive amino acid replacements generated by the use of natural and synthetic nonsense suppressors. Kleina LG; Miller JH J Mol Biol 212: 295-318 (1990) We have altered the amino acid sequence of the lac repressor one residue at a time by utilizing a collection of nonsense suppressors that permit the insertion of 13 different amino acids in response t90204557 Inhibition of PDGF-induced c-jun and c-fos expression by a tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor. Zwiller J; Sassone-Corsi P; Kakazu K; Boynton AL Oncogene 6: 219-21 (1991) The expression of the proto-oncogenes c-fos, c-jun, jun B and jun D was monitored in quiescent C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts after stimulation with PDGF. The mRNA level of c-fos, c-jun and jun B, but not of j91156294 Identification of Schizosaccharomyces pombe transcription factor PGA4, which binds cooperatively to Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4-binding sites. Ruden DM Mol Cell Biol 10: 1432-8 (1990) When the DNA-binding site for the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription activator GAL4 is placed upstream of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe ADH1 TATA box, transcription of the ADH1 gene is activated i90205820 The function of isolated domains and chimaeric proteins constructed from the transcriptional activators NifA and NtrC of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Drummond MH; Contreras A; Mitchenall LA Mol Microbiol 4: 29-37 (1990) A model for the domain structure of sigma 54-dependent transcriptional activators, based on sequence data, has been tested by examining the function of truncated and chimaeric proteins. Removal of the90205624 Isolation of intact FNR protein (Mr 30,000) of Escherichia coli. Trageser M; Spiro S; Duchene A; Kojro E; Fahrenholz F; Guest JR; Unden G Mol Microbiol 4: 21-7 (1990) FNR, the activator of anaerobic respiratory genes of Escherichia coli, has previously only been isolated as a protein of Mr 29,000, which lacks nine N-terminal amino acid residues. The underlying prot90205623 Promoter-specific trans activation and repression by human cytomegalovirus immediate-early proteins involves common and unique protein domains. Stenberg RM; Fortney J; Barlow SW; Magrane BP; Nelson JA; Ghazal P J Virol 64: 1556-65 (1990) trans activation of promoters by viral regulatory proteins provides a useful tool to study coordinate control of gene expression. Immediate-early (IE) regions 1 and 2 of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) co90204665 Vaccinia virus gene encoding a component of the viral early transcription factor. Broyles SS; Fesler BS J Virol 64: 1523-9 (1990) The gene product of the vaccinia virus open reading frame D6R was synthesized in bacteria and used to raise antiserum against the protein. Using the antiserum as a probe, we demonstrated that the D6R 90204661 Transcriptional activation and repression by cellular DNA-binding protein C/EBP. Pei DQ; Shih CH J Virol 64: 1517-22 (1990) A putative transcription factor, C/EBP, isolated from rat liver nuclei, has been shown to bind to at least two different sequence motifs: the CCAAT promoter domain and a core sequence [GTGG(T/A)(T/A)(90204660 Translational repression by bacteriophage MS2 coat protein expressed from a plasmid. A system for genetic analysis of a protein-RNA interaction. Peabody DS J Biol Chem 265: 5684-9 (1990) The coat protein of bacteriophage MS2 is a translational repressor. It inhibits the synthesis of the viral replicase by binding a specific RNA structure that contains the replicase translation initiat90202812 Specificity and efficiency of rho-factor helicase activity depends on magnesium concentration and energy coupling to NTP hydrolysis. Brennan CA; Steinmetz EJ; Spear P; Platt T J Biol Chem 265: 5440-7 (1990) The RNA-DNA helicase activity of Escherichia coli transcription termination factor rho can be significantly enhanced at lower potassium chloride and magnesium acetate concentrations than previously us90202775 A mutation in P23, the first gene in the RNA polymerase sigma A (sigma 43) operon, affects sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Zuberi AR; Doi RH J Bacteriol 172: 2175-7 (1990) Mutations within P23, the first gene of the Bacillus subtilis sigma A operon, were not detrimental to vegetative growth or sporulation. One deletion of P23 resulted in a strain that sporulated earlier90202742 Identification and characterization of a new Escherichia coli gene that is a dosage-dependent suppressor of a dnaK deletion mutation. Kang PJ; Craig EA J Bacteriol 172: 2055-64 (1990) We report the isolation and characterization of a previously unidentified Escherichia coli gene that suppresses the temperature-sensitive growth and filamentation of a dnaK deletion mutant strain. Int90202727 [CCCTC-binding protein: a new nuclear protein factor which interaction with 5'-flanking sequence of chicken c-myc oncogene correlates with repression of the gene] Lobanenkov VV; Gudvin GG Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 309: 741-5 (1989) 90200757 Ubiquitous transcription factor OTF-1 mediates induction of the MMTV promoter through synergistic interaction with hormone receptors. Bruggemeier U; Kalff M; Franke S; Scheidereit C; Beato M Cell 64: 565-72 (1991) Steroid hormones induce transcription from the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter by complex mechanisms requiring binding of the hormone receptors to the hormone responsive element (HRE) of the91121513 Cell-cell interactions trigger the rapid induction of a specific high mobility group-like protein during early stages of conjugation in Tetrahymena. Schulman IG; Wang TT; Stargell LA; Gorovsky MA; Allis CD Dev Biol 143: 248-57 (1991) Conjugation in Tetrahymena represents an ordered developmental pathway which represents the sexual phase of the ciliate life cycle. This pathway is initiated when starved cells of opposite mating type91122439 A developmentally regulated trans-acting factor recognizes dissimilar G/C-rich elements controlling a class of cAMP-inducible Dictyostelium genes. Hjorth AL; Pears C; Williams JG; Firtel RA Genes Dev 4: 419-32 (1990) Transcriptional response elements involved in the cAMP-inducible and developmentally regulated expression of the Dictyostelium aggregate-stage gene pst-cath/CP2 have been shown to include a G/C-rich s90249746 The Schizosaccharomyces pombe homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae HAP2 reveals selective and stringent conservation of the small essential core protein domain. Olesen JT; Fikes JD; Guarente L Mol Cell Biol 11: 611-9 (1991) The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is immensely diverged from budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on an evolutionary time scale. We have used a fission yeast library to clone a homolog o91117227 Characterization of malT mutants that constitutively activate the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli. Dardonville B; Raibaud O J Bacteriol 172: 1846-52 (1990) The expression of the maltose regulon of Escherichia coli is controlled by a transcriptional activator, the product of the malT gene, and is induced by the presence of maltose or maltodextrins in the 90202701 The -24/-12 promoter comes of age. Thony B; Hennecke H FEMS Microbiol Rev 5: 341-57 (1989) A new bacterial promoter type has been identified in the last few years. Originally designated as nif (= nitrogen fixation) or ntr (= nitrogen regulation) consensus promoter, it is now evident that th90198529 Homologue of TFIIS in yeast [letter] Davies CJ; Trgovcich J; Hutchison CA 3d Nature 345: 298 (1990) 90259068 DNA-binding activity of Jun is increased through its interaction with Fos. Allegretto EA; Smeal T; Angel P; Spiegelman BM; Karin M J Cell Biochem 42: 193-206 (1990) Transcription factor AP-1 mediates induction of a set of genes in response to the phorbol ester tumor promoter TPA. Recently, AP-1 preparations from HeLa cells were shown to contain a product of the c90256925 Regulation of nerve growth factor receptor gene expression by nerve growth factor in the developing peripheral nervous system. Miller FD; Mathew TC; Toma JG J Cell Biol 112: 303-12 (1991) Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a target-derived neurotrophic protein that promotes the survival and growth of developing sympathetic and sensory neurons. We have examined NGF receptor gene expression in91107729 [Molecular cell biology of the heat stress response. II] Nover L Naturwissenschaften 77: 359-65 (1990) The coordinate induction of distinct genes by heat stress and a considerable number of chemical stressors depend on a common regulatory element in the promoter found in front of related genes of all e91109833 The IFN-gamma response of the murine invariant chain gene is mediated by a complex enhancer that includes several MHC class II consensus elements. Eades AM; Litfin M; Rahmsdorf HJ J Immunol 144: 4399-409 (1990) IFN-gamma induces the expression of the MHC class II-associated invariant chain (IN) protein in a variety of cells of nonlymphoid origin. Here we analyze the transcription from the murine invariant ch90257363 Genetics and biochemistry of the embryonic to adult switch in the chicken epsilon- and beta-globin genes. Engel JD; Choi OR; Endean DJ; Foley KP; Gallarda JL; Yang ZY Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 89-103 (1989) 90083370 Hormonal control of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase gene expression in rat hepatoma cells. Cifuentes ME; Espinet C; Lange AJ; Pilkis SJ; Hod Y J Biol Chem 266: 1557-63 (1991) The hormonal control of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase gene expression was studied in the rat hepatoma cells, FTO-2B. In contrast to another hepatoma cell line (HTC), the enzyme 91107648 Multiple hematopoietic growth factors signal through tyrosine phosphorylation. Isfort RJ; Ihle JN Growth Factors 2: 213-20 (1990) The role of tyrosine phosphorylation in the signal transduction of four hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (IL-3, IL-4, G-CSF, and GM-CSF) in myeloid cells was investigated. In DA-3 cells, both 90253813 Regulatory protein action in the neighborhood of chicken globin genes during development. Felsenfeld G; Evans T; Jackson PD; Knezetic J; Lewis C; Nickol J; Reitman M Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 73-87 (1989) 90083369 The BZLF1 protein of EBV has a coiled coil dimerisation domain without a heptad leucine repeat but with homology to the C/EBP leucine zipper. Kouzarides T; Packham G; Cook A; Farrell PJ Oncogene 6: 195-204 (1991) The EBV transactivator protein BZLF1 can bind many sites in the EBV genome, most of which have homology to a consensus AP-1 site, the binding site for the fos/jun family of transcription factors. Here91156291 Transforming growth factor-beta expression in fibropapillomas induced by bovine papillomavirus type 1, in normal bovine skin, and in BPV-1-transformed cells. Van Obberghen-Schilling E; Thompson NL; Flanders KC; Sporn MB; Lambert PF; Baker CC Growth Factors 2: 111-21 (1990) There is substantial evidence to suggest that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) plays an important role in wound healing and tissue repair as well as in carcinogenesis. It has also been obser90253804 The homeobox in vertebrate development. Goulding MD; Gruss P Curr Opin Cell Biol 1: 1088-93 (1989) 90253785 Extracellular signals and intracellular transduction pathways regulating Dictyostelium development. Williams JG Curr Opin Cell Biol 1: 1132-8 (1989) 90253792 Regulated expression of the erythroid-specific-promoter of the human PBG-D gene during erythroid differentiation. Romeo PH; Mignotte V; Raich N; Dubart A; Beaupain D; Romana M; Chabret C; Wall L; deBoer E; Grosveld F Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 359-66 (1989) 90083365 Transcriptional regulatory factors may control the relative expression of human alpha 1 and alpha 2-globin genes in erythroleukemia cells. Mamalaki A; Moschonas N Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 335-42 (1989) 90083363 Altered binding to the gamma-globin promoter of two erythroid specific nuclear proteins in different HPFH syndromes. Ottolenghi S; Mantovani R; Nicolis S; Ronchi A; Malgaretti N; Giglioni B; Gilman J Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 229-36 (1989) 90083353 Three trans-acting regulatory functions control hydrogenase synthesis in Alcaligenes eutrophus. Eberz G; Friedrich B J Bacteriol 173: 1845-54 (1991) Random Tn5 mutagenesis of the regulatory region of megaplasmid pHG1 of Alcaligenes eutrophus led to the identification of three distinct loci designated hoxA, hoxD, and hoxE. Sequencing of the hoxA lo91161495 Molecular characterization of germ-line immunoglobulin A transcripts produced during transforming growth factor type beta-induced isotype switching. Lebman DA; Nomura DY; Coffman RL; Lee FD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3962-6 (1990) The addition of transforming growth factor type beta to lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine B-cell cultures enhances isotype switching to IgA and induces the appearance of two sizes of alpha mRNA tra90251677 Enhanced expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor gene in acute myelocytic leukemia cells following in vitro blast cell enrichment. Kaufman DC; Baer MR; Gao XZ; Wang ZQ; Preisler HD Blood 72: 1329-32 (1988) Expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene in acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) was assayed by Northern blot analysis. GM-CSF messenger RNA (mRNA) was detected in t89001195 Differential expression of human placental growth-hormone variant and chorionic somatomammotropin in culture. Nickel BE; Kardami E; Cattini PA Biochem J 267: 653-8 (1990) Regulation of human placental growth-hormone variant (hGH-V) in the presence of its own promoter has been studied. At term, 10-20% of placental mRNA is specific for chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS-A 90253375 Alkylation interference identifies essential DNA contacts for sequence-specific binding of the eukaryotic transcription factor C/EBP. Nye JA; Graves BJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3992-6 (1990) Transcriptional regulators containing a "leucine zipper" and a flanking basic domain belong to a recently identified class of DNA-binding proteins. We have mapped the essential DNA contacts of one mem90251683 Trans-dominant negative mutants of Fos and Jun. Ransone LJ; Visvader J; Wamsley P; Verma IM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3806-10 (1990) Jun and Fos nuclear oncoproteins form a complex that regulates transcription from promoters containing activator protein AP-1 binding sites. The leucine-zipper and basic-region domains of both Fos and90251646 Nuclear proteins of a human erythroleukemic cell line that bind to the promoter region of normal and nondeletion HPFH gamma-globin genes. Metherall JE; Gillespie FP; Forget BG Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 247-60 (1989) 90083355 Nature of the Zn2+ requirement for DNA synthesis by 3T3 cells. Chesters JK; Boyne R Exp Cell Res 192: 631-4 (1991) Transit of 3T3 cells from quiescence to S phase requires an adequate supply of Zn2+ during the second half of the transition. The nature of this requirement has been investigated. Completion of the Zn91106497 An interferon gamma-regulated protein that binds the interferon-inducible enhancer element of major histocompatibility complex class I genes. Driggers PH; Ennist DL; Gleason SL; Mak WH; Marks MS; Levi BZ; Flanagan JR; Appella E; Ozato K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3743-7 (1990) Interferons (IFNs) induce transcription of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes through the conserved IFN consensus sequence (ICS) that contains an IFN response motif shared by many IF90251633 Transforming growth factor beta 1 suppression of c-myc gene transcription: role in inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation. Pietenpol JA; Holt JT; Stein RW; Moses HL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3758-62 (1990) Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) is a potent growth inhibitor for many cell types, including most epithelial cells. However, the mechanism of growth inhibition is unknown. In skin kerati90251636 In vitro activation of heat shock transcription factor DNA-binding by calcium and biochemical conditions that affect protein conformation. Mosser DD; Kotzbauer PT; Sarge KD; Morimoto RI Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3748-52 (1990) The transcription of heat shock genes in response to physiological stress requires activation of heat shock transcription factor (HSF). Although the transcriptional response is most commonly induced b90251634 Yeast general transcription factor GFI: sequence requirements for binding to DNA and evolutionary conservation. Dorsman JC; van Heeswijk WC; Grivell LA Nucleic Acids Res 18: 2769-76 (1990) GFI is an abundant DNA binding protein in the yeast S. cerevisiae. The protein binds to specific sequences in both ARS elements and the upstream regions of a large number of genes and is likely to pla90251453 Mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis: mutations in the muc loci affect transcription of the algR and algD genes in response to environmental stimuli. Deretic V; Govan JR; Konyecsni WM; Martin DW Mol Microbiol 4: 189-96 (1990) Increased levels of alginate biosynthesis cause mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a virulence factor of particular importance in cystic fibrosis. The algR gene product, which controls transcription o90251159 A human gamma globin gene variant binds SP1. Sykes K; Kaufman R Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 237-46 (1989) 90083354 Detection of cytokine mRNA in astrocyte cultures using the polymerase chain reaction. Wesselingh SL; Gough NM; Finlay-Jones JJ; McDonald PJ Lymphokine Res 9: 177-85 (1990) To clarify which cytokines could potentially be produced by astrocytes, we have assessed the presence of mRNA for a number of cytokines in astrocyte-enriched brain cultures. The cultures were derived 90250962 An erythroid-specific DNA binding factor mediates increased gamma-globin expression in hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH). Martin DI; Orkin SH Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 217-28 (1989) 90083352 DNase I-hypersensitive sites and transcription factor-binding motifs within the mouse E beta meiotic recombination hot spot. Shenkar R; Shen MH; Arnheim N Mol Cell Biol 11: 1813-9 (1991) The second intron of the E beta gene in the mouse major histocompatibility complex is the site of a meiotic recombination hot spot. We detected two DNase I-hypersensitive sites in this intron in meiot91172164 Human DNA polymerase alpha gene: sequences controlling expression in cycling and serum-stimulated cells. Pearson BE; Nasheuer HP; Wang TS Mol Cell Biol 11: 2081-95 (1991) We have investigated the DNA polymerase alpha promoter sequence requirements for the expression of a heterologous gene in actively cycling cells and following serum addition to serum-deprived cells. A91172197 GAL11 (SPT13), a transcriptional regulator of diverse yeast genes, affects the phosphorylation state of GAL4, a highly specific transcriptional activator. Long RM; Mylin LM; Hopper JE Mol Cell Biol 11: 2311-4 (1991) The GAL4 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a DNA-binding transcriptional activator that is highly specific for the GAL genes. In vivo levels of GAL gene transcription are closely correlated with 91172223 Chronic electroconvulsive seizures down-regulate expression of the immediate-early genes c-fos and c-jun in rat cerebral cortex. Winston SM; Hayward MD; Nestler EJ; Duman RS J Neurochem 54: 1920-5 (1990) Acute seizures and other stimuli that increase neuronal activity cause a rapid induction of the immediate-early genes c-fos and c-jun, also referred to as nuclear proto-oncogenes, in the nervous syste90250433 Proteins binding to regulatory elements 5' to the human beta-globin gene. Berg PE; Williams DM; Qian RL; Cohen RB; Mittelman M; Schechter AN Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 193-202 (1989) 90083350 The E2 trans-activator can act as a repressor by interfering with a cellular transcription factor. Stenlund A; Botchan MR Genes Dev 4: 476 (1990) 90249750 Binding of an erythroid-specific factor to enhancer regions of human globin genes. Gong QH; Dean A Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 179-91 (1989) 90083349 Sites I and II upstream of the A gamma globin gene bind nuclear factors and affect gene expression. Lloyd JA; Lee RF; Menon AG; Lingrel JB Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 139-48 (1989) Five broad regions in and near the A gamma globin gene specifically bind proteins in K562 nuclear extracts. Two are located 5' of the gene, one between -1349 and -1094, and the other between -384 and 90083345 IFN-gamma inhibits c-myc gene expression by impairing the splicing process in a colony-stimulating factor dependent murine myeloid cell line. Harel-Bellan A; Brini AT; Farrar WL J Immunol 141: 1012-7 (1988) Proliferation of NSF-60.8 cells, a CSF-dependent murine myeloid cell line, is strongly inhibited by murine IFN-gamma. Northern analysis of growth arrested, NSF-60.8 cells activated by addition of CSF 88285658 Alteration of amino-terminal codons of human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor increases expression levels and allows efficient processing by methionine aminopeptidase in Escherichia coli. Devlin PE; Drummond RJ; Toy P; Mark DF; Watt KW; Devlin JJ Gene 65: 13-22 (1988) We have improved the expression of recombinant human granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), produced by either pL or trpP expression vectors in Escherichia coli, by altering the sequence at th88284374 The regulation of the human gamma- and beta -globin domain. Wall L; Catala F; Antoniou M; deBoer E; Grosveld F Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 1-13 (1989) 90083341 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates the expression of a lymphokine (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) posttranscriptionally. Tobler A; Miller CW; Norman AW; Koeffler HP J Clin Invest 81: 1819-23 (1988) We recently showed that 1,25(OH)2D3 sensitively inhibited the expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in normal human mitogen-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes and88257449 Identification of genes involved in growth autonomy of hematopoietic cells by analysis of factor-independent mutants. Stocking C; Loliger C; Kawai M; Suciu S; Gough N; Ostertag W Cell 53: 869-79 (1988) The factor-dependent myeloid precursor cell line D35 mutates spontaneously at a frequency greater than 2.4 x 10(-7) to growth factor autonomy. This frequency could be increased at least 20-fold by ret88253407 HNF-1 shares three sequence motifs with the POU domain proteins and is identical to LF-B1 and APF. Baumhueter S; Mendel DB; Conley PB; Kuo CJ; Turk C; Graves MK; Edwards CA; Courtois G; Crabtree GR Genes Dev 4: 372-9 (1990) The coordinate expression of genes during development and differentiation is thought to be accomplished by common transcription factors operating on the promoters of families of coexpressed genes. HNF90249741 Genetic and biochemical analysis of the mouse beta-major globin promoter. Myers RM; Cowie A; Stuve L; Hartzog G; Gaensler K Prog Clin Biol Res 316A: 117-27 (1989) 90083343 Increased erythroid potentiating activity/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases and jun/fos transcription factor complex characterize tumor promoter-induced megakaryoblastic differentiation of K562 lAlitalo R; Partanen J; Pertovaara L; Holtta E; Sistonen L; Andersson L; Alitalo K Blood 75: 1974-82 (1990) Molecular cloning has revealed that erythroid potentiating activity (EPA) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) represent two distinct activities of a single protein. We have studied the e90248567 Dissection of functional domains of the pituitary-specific transcription factor GHF-1. Theill LE; Castrillo JL; Wu D; Karin M Nature 342: 945-8 (1989) The specific expression of growth hormone (GH) in the somatotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary is largely attributable to a short promoter in the 5' flanking region of the GH gene. This promoter 90081880 P22 repressor mutants deficient in co-operative binding and DNA loop formation. Valenzuela D; Ptashne M EMBO J 8: 4345-50 (1989) We show here, both in vivo and in vitro, that P22 repressor binds co-operatively to operator sites separated by an integral number of turns of the DNA helix. We measure this co-operativity in vivo usi90076158 Interleukin 1 stimulates T lymphocytes to produce granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor. Herrmann F; Oster W; Meuer SC; Lindemann A; Mertelsmann RH J Clin Invest 81: 1415-8 (1988) T lymphocytes are thought to cooperatively interact with monocytes to produce colony-stimulating factors (CSF). However, little is known about monocyte-mediated signals leading to CSF-secretion by T l88213689 Expression of the CSF-1 gene in the blast cells of acute myeloblastic leukemia: association with reduced growth capacity. Wang C; Kelleher CA; Cheng GY; Miyauchi J; Wong GG; Clark SC; Minden MD; McCulloch EA J Cell Physiol 135: 133-8 (1988) Myelopoietic growth factors are known to influence the growth in culture of malignant blast cells from human Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia (AML). We have used cDNA clones for the factor CSF-1 and its re88213440 Sequence, expression and mutational analysis of BAF1, a transcriptional activator and ARS1-binding protein of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Halfter H; Kavety B; Vandekerckhove J; Kiefer F; Gallwitz D EMBO J 8: 4265-72 (1989) We report the cloning and sequence analysis of the yeast BAF1 gene which encodes an abundant protein previously shown to act as a transcription activator in the YPT1-TUB2 intergene region. As predicte90076149 Dimers, leucine zippers and DNA-binding domains. Busch SJ; Sassone-Corsi P Trends Genet 6: 36-40 (1990) Transcription factors can be divided into classes on the basis of their mode of interaction with the target promoter sequence. Different protein domains responsible for DNA recognition have been ident90246531 Expression of the macrophage colony-stimulating factor and c-fms genes in human acute myeloblastic leukemia cells. Rambaldi A; Wakamiya N; Vellenga E; Horiguchi J; Warren MK; Kufe D; Griffin JD J Clin Invest 81: 1030-5 (1988) Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1; M-CSF) is a growth factor required for growth and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. The effects of CSF-1 are mediated through binding to specific,88170029 The structure and assembly of active chromatin. Svaren J; Chalkley R Trends Genet 6: 52-6 (1990) Much effort has been expended towards understanding the details of how nucleosomes are established on newly replicated DNA. More recently it has begun to be possible to study the binding of both trans90246534 A molecular view of the Ultrabithorax homeotic gene of Drosophila. Beachy PA Trends Genet 6: 46-51 (1990) The pioneering work of E.B. Lewis drew attention early on to the developmental role of Ultrabithorax (Ubx), one of a group of homeotic genes that specify the distinguishing features of Drosophila segm90246533 Molecular cloning and characterization of a human DNA binding factor that represses transcription. Kageyama R; Pastan I Cell 59: 815-25 (1989) Several transcription factors interact with GC-rich sequences and positively regulate both housekeeping genes and cellular oncogenes. We have cloned a human cDNA that encodes a factor that binds to th90075226 Control of ColE1 plasmid replication. Intermediates in the binding of RNA I and RNA II. Tomizawa J J Mol Biol 212: 683-94 (1990) Replication of plasmid ColE1 is regulated by a plasmid-specified small RNA (RNA I). RNA I binds to the precursor (RNA II) of the primer for DNA synthesis and inhibits primer formation. The process of 90230306 Differential mRNA stability controls relative gene expression within the plasmid-encoded arsenical resistance operon. Owolabi JB; Rosen BP J Bacteriol 172: 2367-71 (1990) The arsenical resistance (ars) operon of the conjugative plasmid R773 encodes an ATP-driven anion extrusion pump, conferring bacterial resistance to arsenicals. The operon contains a regulatory gene, 90236891 Transcripts for transforming growth factors in human breast cancer: clinical correlates. Barrett-Lee P; Travers M; Luqmani Y; Coombes RC Br J Cancer 61: 612-7 (1990) The levels of mRNA for transforming growth factors (TGF alpha and beta) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were determined in 69 human breast carcinomas and 20 biopsies of non-neoplastic 90234656 Sequence variation in transcription factor IIIA. Gaskins CJ; Hanas JS Nucleic Acids Res 18: 2117-23 (1990) Previous studies characterized macromolecular differences between Xenopus and Rana transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) (Gaskins et al., 1989, Nucl. Acids Res. 17, 781-794). In the present study, cDNAs 90245658 A finger protein structurally similar to TFIIIA that binds exclusively to 5S RNA in Xenopus. Joho KE; Darby MK; Crawford ET; Brown DD Cell 61: 293-300 (1990) A 5S RNA binding protein (p43) in Xenopus is a major constituent of oocytes and comprises part of a 42S ribonucleoprotein storage particle. We have cloned and sequenced p43 cDNA from X. laevis and X. 90235278 Protein-DNA interactions upstream from the human A gamma globin gene. O'Neill D; Kaysen J; Donovan-Peluso M; Castle M; Bank A Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1977-82 (1990) We have used DNAase I footprinting and the gel mobility shift assay to study proteins which bind to promoter elements located between -140 and -382 upstream of the human A gamma globin gene. Footprint90245638 A polymerase chain reaction-based approach to cloning sigma factors from eubacteria and its application to the isolation of a sigma-70 homolog from Chlamydia trachomatis. Engel JN; Ganem D J Bacteriol 172: 2447-55 (1990) Taking advantage of the known sequence conservation of portions of bacterial sigma factor proteins, we have designed degenerate oligonucleotides corresponding to these domains and used these synthetic90236902 Correlation between CSF-1 responsiveness and expression of (CSF-1 receptor) c-fms in purified murine granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM). Bicknell DC; Williams DE; Broxmeyer HE Exp Hematol 16: 88-91 (1988) The gene product of the viral proto-oncogene v-fms, associated with the feline sarcoma virus (SM-FeSV), is a glycoprotein of 170 kd with associated tyrosine kinase activity. The murine c-fms proto-onc88083274 Target Detection Assay (TDA): a versatile procedure to determine DNA binding sites as demonstrated on SP1 protein. Thiesen HJ; Bach C Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3203-9 (1990) We developed a rapid method designated Target Detection Assay (TDA) to determine DNA binding sites for putative DNA binding proteins. A purified, functionally active DNA binding protein and a pool of 90287694 An RNA polymerase-binding protein that is required for communication between an enhancer and a promoter. Herendeen DR; Williams KP; Kassavetis GA; Geiduschek EP Science 248: 573-8 (1990) Although bacteriophage T4 late promoters are selectively recognized by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase bearing a single protein encoded by T4 gene 55 (gp55), efficient transcription at these promoters90239546 Protein kinase C-independent activation of nuclear factor kappa B by tumor necrosis factor. Meichle A; Schutze S; Hensel G; Brunsing D; Kronke M J Biol Chem 265: 8339-43 (1990) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is one of the few physiological inducers of the pleiotropic transcription factor NF kappa B. NF kappa B may play a central role in mediating TNF's gene regulatory action; h90243720 Development of a retroviral vector for inducible expression of transforming growth factor beta 1. McGeady ML; Arthur PM; Seidman M J Virol 64: 3527-31 (1990) A retroviral vector system for the expression of exogenous genes under the control of an inducible promoter was developed. By utilizing this system, the cDNA for human transforming growth factor beta 90279087 The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ORI1yt enhancer is not B-cell specific and does not respond synergistically to the EBV transcription factors R and Z. Gruffat H; Moreno N; Sergeant A J Virol 64: 2810-8 (1990) The Epstein-Barr virus DR promoter is located upstream of the PstI repeats, and in addition to the TATA box, it contains an upstream region (positions -69 to -220) responsive to EB1 (Z) (the BZLF1-enc90244395 Structural requirements in the herpes simplex virus type 1 transactivator Vmw65 for interaction with the cellular octamer-binding protein and target TAATGARAT sequences. Greaves RF; O'Hare P J Virol 64: 2716-24 (1990) Herpes simplex virus type 1 virion protein Vmw65 forms a complex (TRF.C) with TAATGARAT sequences and the cellular transcription factor oct-1, which has been implicated as an intermediate in the activ90244384 Effects of anti-alpha monoclonal antibodies on initiation and elongation by the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Venezia ND; Krakow JS J Biol Chem 265: 8122-6 (1990) Anti-alpha monoclonal antibodies have been used to investigate the role of the alpha subunit of RNA polymerase in initiation and elongation. The four inhibitory monoclonal antibodies studied strongly 90243689 Enhanced operator binding by trp superrepressors of Escherichia coli. Hurlburt BK; Yanofsky C J Biol Chem 265: 7853-8 (1990) The trp repressor of Escherichia coli binds to the operators of three operons concerned with tryptophan biosynthesis and regulates their expression. trp superrepressors can repress expression of the t90243652 Interaction of the Escherichia coli Gal repressor protein with its DNA operators in vitro. Brenowitz M; Jamison E; Majumdar A; Adhya S Biochemistry 29: 3374-83 (1990) The binding of Escherichia coli Gal repressor to linear DNA fragments containing two binding sites (OE and OI) within the gal operon was analyzed in vitro with quantitative footprint and mobility-shif90241918 Estrogen induced expression of the C-jun proto-oncogene in the immature and mature rat uterus. Webb DK; Moulton BC; Khan SA Biochem Biophys Res Commun 168: 721-6 (1990) The expression of the proto-oncogene c-jun in response to estradiol treatment in immature and mature rat uterine tissue was measured using a cDNA encoding the mouse c-jun proto-oncogene. This probe hy90241245 Increased intracellular Ca2+ is necessary for maximal expression of the proto-oncogene c-jun in the Jurkat T-cell line. Vandenplas ML; Mouton WL; Vandenplas S; Bester AJ; Ricketts MH Biochem J 267: 349-51 (1990) The time course and signal-transduction requirements for proto-oncogene c-jun expression in T-cells were investigated. Expression of c-jun mRNA was evident at 30 min after stimulation. Both the activa90241139 The NGFI-B gene, a transcriptionally inducible member of the steroid receptor gene superfamily: genomic structure and expression in rat brain after seizure induction. Watson MA; Milbrandt J Mol Cell Biol 9: 4213-9 (1989) The NGFI-B cDNA was previously isolated by virtue of its induction by nerve growth factor (NGF) in PC12 cells. It encodes a 61-kilodalton protein that has two regions of extensive homology with member90066426 Transcription factor IIA of wheat and human interacts similarly with the adenovirus-2 major late promoter. Yu XB; Burke C; Zhang J; Marchitelli LJ; Davis EA; Ackerman S Biochem Biophys Res Commun 168: 498-505 (1990) Transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) is a necessary component of many RNA polymerase II transcription complexes. Assembly of the transcription complex begins when TFIIA interacts with the promoter. We hav90241213 The LexA repressor and its isolated amino-terminal domain interact cooperatively with poly[d(A-T)], a contiguous pseudo-operator, but not with random DNA: a circular dichroism study. Hurstel S; Granger-Schnarr M; Schnarr M Biochemistry 29: 1961-70 (1990) The interaction of the entire LexA repressor and its amino-terminal DNA binding domain with poly[d(A-T)] and random DNA has been studied by circular dichroism. Binding of both protein species induces 90234718 Lipopolysaccharide, but not IFN-gamma, down-regulates c-fms mRNA proto-oncogene expression in murine macrophages. Gusella GL; Ayroldi E; Espinoza-Delgado I; Varesio L J Immunol 144: 3574-80 (1990) In the present study we analyzed the effects of two macrophage activators, bacterial LPS and IFN-gamma, on the expression of the c-fms proto-oncogene in the immortalized murine macrophage cell line AN90229753 Complex regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1, beta 2, and beta 3 mRNA expression in mouse fibroblasts and keratinocytes by transforming growth factors beta 1 and beta 2. Bascom CC; Wolfshohl JR; Coffey RJ Jr; Madisen L; Webb NR; Purchio AR; Derynck R; Moses HL Mol Cell Biol 9: 5508-15 (1989) Regulation of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1), TGF beta 2, and TGF beta 3 mRNAs in murine fibroblasts and keratinocytes by TGF beta 1 and TGF beta 2 was studied. In quiescent AKR-2B fib90066503 The human Na, K-ATPase alpha 1 gene: characterization of the 5'-flanking region and identification of a restriction fragment length polymorphism. Shull MM; Pugh DG; Lingrel JB Genomics 6: 451-60 (1990) We have determined the sequence of the 5'-flanking region and first three exons of the human Na,K-ATPase alpha 1 gene, ATP1A1. Primer extension and S1 nuclease protection analyses of RNA from human ki90228961 The role of the delta-lysin gene (hld) in the regulation of virulence genes by the accessory gene regulator (agr) in Staphylococcus aureus. Janzon L; Arvidson S EMBO J 9: 1391-9 (1990) The synthesis of at least 14 extracellular toxins and enzymes in Staphylococcus aureus is regulated by a set of trans-acting elements from the agr (accessory gene regulator) locus. We have shown that 90228335 Transcription factor Oct-2A contains functionally redundant activating domains and works selectively from a promoter but not from a remote enhancer position in non-lymphoid (HeLa) cells. Muller-Immergluck MM; Schaffner W; Matthias P EMBO J 9: 1625-34 (1990) In non-lymphoid cells such as HeLa cells, ectopic expression of the lymphocyte-specific transcription factor Oct-2A can activate reporter genes whose promoters consist of a single octamer sequence (AT90228363 The cell type-specific octamer transcription factor OTF-2 has two domains required for the activation of transcription. Gerster T; Balmaceda CG; Roeder RG EMBO J 9: 1635-43 (1990) Many studies indicate that the cell type-specific transcription factor OTF-2 plays a central role in the lymphoid-specific transcription of immunoglobulin genes. In order to better understand the mech90228364 Transient expression directed by homologous and heterologous promoter and enhancer sequences in fish cells. Friedenreich H; Schartl M Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3299-305 (1990) In order to construct fish specific expression vectors for studies on gene regulation in vitro and in vivo a variety of heterologous enhancers and promoters from mammals and from viruses of higher ver90287707 Affinity purification of specific DNA fragments using a lac repressor fusion protein. Lundeberg J; Wahlberg J; Uhlen M Genet Anal Tech Appl 7: 47-52 (1990) A new method for purification of specific DNA sequences using a solid phase technique has been developed based on a fusion between the Escherichia coli lac repressor gene (lacI) and the staphylococcal90226848 Nucleotide sequence of rat c-jun protooncogene. Kitabayashi I; Saka F; Gachelin G; Yokoyama K Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3400 (1990) 90287724 Regulated expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA repair gene RAD7 in response to DNA damage and during sporulation. Jones JS; Prakash L; Prakash S Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3281-5 (1990) The RAD7 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae affects the proficiency of excision repair of DNA damaged by UV light. Here, we report our studies on the regulation of the RAD7 gene in response to UV irradi90287704 rUBF, an RNA polymerase I transcription factor from rats, produces DNase I footprints identical to those produced by xUBF, its homolog from frogs. Pikaard CS; Smith SD; Reeder RH; Rothblum L Mol Cell Biol 10: 3810-2 (1990) Rat cells contain a DNA-binding polymerase I transcription factor, rUBF, with properties similar to UBF homologs that have been purified from both human (hUBF) and frog (xUBF) cells. In this note we r90287175 Identification of an octamer-binding site in the mouse kappa light-chain immunoglobulin enhancer. Currie RA; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 9: 4239-47 (1989) A 215-base-pair (bp) region of the mouse MOPC 41 kappa light-chain immunoglobulin gene enhancer has been analyzed for specific binding of lymphoid and nonlymphoid nuclear factors. Mobility shift assay90066429 Tissue-specific transcription of the mouse alpha-fetoprotein gene promoter is dependent on HNF-1. Feuerman MH; Godbout R; Ingram RS; Tilghman SM Mol Cell Biol 9: 4204-12 (1989) Previous work identified four upstream cis-acting elements required for tissue-specific expression of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene: three distal enhancers and a promoter. To further define the rol90066425 Indirect binding of human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax1 to a responsive element in the viral long terminal repeat. Marriott SJ; Boros I; Duvall JF; Brady JN Mol Cell Biol 9: 4152-60 (1989) Several laboratories have demonstrated that tandem copies of the human T-cell leukemia virus type I 21-base-pair (bp) repeat cloned upstream of either a homologous or heterologous promoter increase tr90066419 Low-affinity placenta-derived receptors for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor can deliver a proliferative signal to murine hemopoietic cells. Metcalf D; Nicola NA; Gearing DP; Gough NM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 4670-4 (1990) Retrovirally mediated introduction of a cDNA encoding a placenta-derived low-affinity receptor for human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) into murine FDC-P1 hemopoietic cells 90280437 Interaction of an NF-kappa B-like factor with a site upstream of the c-myc promoter. Duyao MP; Buckler AJ; Sonenshein GE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 4727-31 (1990) The c-myc protooncogene has been implicated in control of growth and differentiation of mammalian cells. For instance, growth arrest is often preceded by reduction in c-myc mRNA and gene transcription90280448 The regulatory role of the IS1-encoded InsA protein in transposition. Zerbib D; Polard P; Escoubas JM; Galas D; Chandler M Mol Microbiol 4: 471-7 (1990) We show here that the protein InsA, which is encoded by IS1 and binds specifically to the terminal inverted repeats of this insertion sequence, negatively regulates IS1 transposition activity. We demo90286923 Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factors IIIB and IIIC bend the DNA of a tRNA(Gln) gene. Leveillard T; Kassavetis GA; Geiduschek EP J Biol Chem 266: 5162-8 (1991) The ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factors IIIC and IIIB to bend DNA at their binding sites in a tRNA(Gln) gene has been analyzed by two methods that are based on the anomalous elec91161610 Regulation of gene expression in vivo by liposome-mediated delivery of a purified transcription factor. Debs RJ; Freedman LP; Edmunds S; Gaensler KL; Duzgunes N; Yamamoto KR J Biol Chem 265: 10189-92 (1990) We describe a procedure for assessing the functional activity in vivo of a glucocorticoid receptor derivative, T7X556, a mammalian transcriptional regulator that has been overexpressed in Escherichia 90285130 Mutant rho factors with increased transcription termination activities. II. Identification and functional dissection of amino acid changes. Mori H; Imai M; Shigesada K J Mol Biol 210: 39-49 (1989) We have determined the nucleotide sequences of three mutant rho genes encoding hyperfunctional rho proteins (rho S) together with their parent allele, rho-ts702. These mutant rho factors contain the f90064555 Identification and characterization of an enhancer in the coding region of the genome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Verdin E; Becker N; Bex F; Droogmans L; Burny A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 4874-8 (1990) Transcription of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is regulated by cis-acting DNA elements located in the viral long terminal repeats, by viral transregulatory proteins, and by cellular tran90280479 Phosphorylation sites of the E2 transcriptional regulatory proteins of bovine papillomavirus type 1. McBride AA; Bolen JB; Howley PM J Virol 63: 5076-85 (1989) The E2 open reading frame of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) encodes three transcriptional regulatory proteins. The full-length open reading frame encodes a protein of 410 amino acids which funct90064770 The repressing and enhancing functions of the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP27 map to C-terminal regions and are required to modulate viral gene expression very early in infection. McMahan L; Schaffer PA J Virol 64: 3471-85 (1990) The phenotypic properties of ICP27 temperature-sensitive and deletion mutants and the results of transient expression assays have demonstrated that ICP27 has a modulatory effect on viral gene expressi90279080 In vivo studies on the interaction of RNA polymerase-sigma 54 with the Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium meliloti nifH promoters. The role of NifA in the formation of an open promoter complex. Morett E; Buck M J Mol Biol 210: 65-77 (1989) Transcription from the Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium meliloti nifH promoters requires the positive control protein NifA and the alternative sigma factor sigma 54, encoded by the rpoN gene. Trans90064557 Mutant rho factors with increased transcription termination activities. I. Functional correlations of the primary and secondary polynucleotide binding sites with the efficiency and site-selectivity ofTsurushita N; Shigesada K; Imai M J Mol Biol 210: 23-37 (1989) We have characterized rho proteins from mutants of Escherichia coli, rho s-81 and rho s-82, which are hyperactive in termination. The two mutant rho proteins are differentially altered both in termina90064550 Expression of a novel 3.5-kb macrophage colony-stimulating factor transcript in human myeloma cells. Nakamura M; Merchav S; Carter A; Ernst TJ; Demetri GD; Furukawa Y; Anderson K; Freedman AS; Griffin JD J Immunol 143: 3543-7 (1989) Macrophage CSF (M-CSF) induces proliferation of monocyte/macrophage progenitor cells and can also activate some functions of mature cells. Three different human M-CSF cDNA (4.0, 3 to 3.5, and 1.5 kb) 90063039 The Epstein-Barr virus Zta transactivator: a member of the bZIP family with unique DNA-binding specificity and a dimerization domain that lacks the characteristic heptad leucine zipper motif. Chang YN; Dong DL; Hayward GS; Hayward SD J Virol 64: 3358-69 (1990) Introduction of the zta gene of Epstein-Barr virus into latently infected B cells leads to induction of the entire lytic cycle program of the virus. The Zta gene product is a sequence-specific DNA-bin90279067 Infectious cycle of human papillomavirus type 11 in human foreskin xenografts in nude mice. Stoler MH; Whitbeck A; Wolinsky SM; Broker TR; Chow LT; Howett MK; Kreider JW J Virol 64: 3310-8 (1990) We have performed the first molecular analysis of a time course of infection by a papillomavirus. The Hershey isolate of the human papillomavirus type 11 was used to infect human foreskin tissues, whi90279062 Regulation of hepatocyte gene expression: progress on the horizon [editorial] Malter JS; Gerber MA Hepatology 10: 1017-8 (1989) 90061160 Epidermal growth factor induces the expression of its receptor gene in human gastric carcinoma cell line TMK-1. Yoshida K; Takanashi A; Kyo E; Ito M; Ito H; Niimoto M; Hattori T; Tahara E Jpn J Cancer Res 80: 743-6 (1989) To ascertain the possible autocrine pathway in the growth promotion of gastric carcinomas, a study was made on the effects of exogenous human epidermal growth factor (hEGF) on the expression of mRNA f90061912 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces a kappa B sequence-specific DNA-binding protein in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. Banerjee R; Karpen S; Siekevitz M; Lengyel G; Bauer J; Acs G Hepatology 10: 1008-13 (1989) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha is an inducer of acute-phase protein synthesis in liver cells. The mechanism by which tumor necrosis factor-alpha alters gene expression in these cells is largely unknown. 90061158 An improved vector for the expression of proteins in all three translational reading frames. Seth A; Thompson D; Chen SM; Papas TS Gene Anal Tech 6: 97-100 (1989) We have constructed a novel vector (pN-7) that is capable of producing large amounts of recombinant proteins in E. coli and requires minimal manipulation for the construction of recombinant expression90061112 Restricted V-(D)-J junctional regions in the T cell response to lambda-repressor. Identification of residues critical for antigen recognition. Lai MZ; Jang YJ; Chen LK; Gefter ML J Immunol 144: 4851-6 (1990) The T cell response to lambda-repressor is directed to a 15 amino acid peptide (P12-26) of the protein in A/J mice. Previous studies have demonstrated a preferential use of V alpha 2 and V beta 1 amon90278099 Studies on the domain structure of the Salmonella typhimurium AraC protein. Lauble H; Georgalis Y; Heinemann U Eur J Biochem 185: 319-25 (1989) The Salmonella typhimurium araC gene product is known to be susceptible to proteolytic degradation. Limited cleavage by trypsin, kallikrein, elastase and pronase E yields stable fragments comprising a90060116 Developmental expression of the putative transcription factor Egr-1 suggests that Egr-1 and c-fos are coregulated in some tissues. McMahon AP; Champion JE; McMahon JA; Sukhatme VP Development 108: 281-7 (1990) We have investigated developmental expression of the gene Egr-1, which encodes a protein containing three zinc fingers. Egr-1 like c-fos is a serum inducible, early response gene, which is co-induced 90276250 Expression of the sulfonamide resistance gene from plasmid R46. Guerineau F; Brooks L; Mullineaux P Plasmid 23: 35-41 (1990) The expression of the sul I gene from plasmid R46, a wide host range plasmid of the IncN incompatibility group, was studied in Escherichia coli. Using a promoter test vector, a promoter was detected u90272799 Nuclear oncoproteins determine the genetic program in response to external stimuli. Schonthal A; Gebel S; Stein B; Ponta H; Rahmsdorf HJ; Herrlich P Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 53 Pt 2: 779-87 (1988) 89337542 cAMP-dependent phosphorylation and inactivation of yeast transcription factor ADR1 does not affect DNA binding. Taylor WE; Young ET Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 4098-102 (1990) Transcription factor ADR1 increases the level of ADH2 gene expression 200-fold by binding to a palindromic upstream activation sequence (UAS1) in the glucose-repressible ADH2 promoter in Saccharomyces90272661 The basic region of Fos mediates specific DNA binding. Nakabeppu Y; Nathans D EMBO J 8: 3833-41 (1989) The DNA-binding domains of the members of the Fos and Jun families of proteins consist of a basic region followed by a dimerizing segment with heptad repeats of leucine. Fos-Jun heterodimers and Jun a90059986 Renaturation of denatured lambda repressor requires heat shock proteins. Gaitanaris GA; Papavassiliou AG; Rubock P; Silverstein SJ; Gottesman ME Cell 61: 1013-20 (1990) The temperature-sensitive bacteriophage lambda cI857 repressor protein rapidly renatures after thermal inactivation. E. coli mutants in the heat shock protein genes dnaK, dnaJ, and grpE do not efficie90275598 Combinatorial associations of regulatory proteins and the control of cell type in yeast. Sprague GF Jr Adv Genet 27: 33-62 (1990) 90273889 Regulated splicing of the Drosophila P transposable element third intron in vitro: somatic repression. Siebel CW; Rio DC Science 248: 1200-8 (1990) In eukaryotic cells alternative splicing of messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNA's) is a means of regulating gene expression. Although a number of the components that participate in regulating some alte90273176 Light pulses that shift rhythms induce gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Rusak B; Robertson HA; Wisden W; Hunt SP Science 248: 1237-40 (1990) Lighting cycles synchronize (entrain) mammalian circadian rhythms by altering activity of cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, a circadian pacemaker. Exposure of hamsters an90273184 Asymmetrical recognition of the palindromic AP1 binding site (TRE) by Fos protein complexes. Risse G; Jooss K; Neuberg M; Bruller HJ; Muller R EMBO J 8: 3825-32 (1989) Fos and Jun proteins form a tight complex which binds specifically to the AP1 recognition sequence, a palindromic DNA element also referred to as the TPA responsive element (TRE). To elucidate the mec90059985 The two DNA-binding domains of yeast transcription factor tau as observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy. Schultz P; Marzouki N; Marck C; Ruet A; Oudet P; Sentenac A EMBO J 8: 3815-24 (1989) Yeast transcription factor tau interacts with the intragenic promoter of tRNA genes, binding to both the A and B block elements. Affinity-purified tau factor and tau-tDNA complexes were examined by sc90059984 Post-transcriptional control of negative acute phase genes by transforming growth factor beta. Morrone G; Cortese R; Sorrentino V EMBO J 8: 3767-71 (1989) During the acute phase (AP) reaction the expression of a series of liver-specific genes coding for secretory proteins is either stimulated or suppressed by different cytokines released by activated mo90059978 Identification of a TFIIIA binding site on the 5' flanking region of the TFIIIA gene. Hanas JS; Smith JF Nucleic Acids Res 18: 2923-8 (1990) Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) regulates 5S ribosomal RNA gene transcription in a positive manner by binding to the internal control region (ICR) of the 5S RNA gene. The present study repo90272396 Isolation of two tissue-specific Drosophila paired box genes, Pox meso and Pox neuro. Bopp D; Jamet E; Baumgartner S; Burri M; Noll M EMBO J 8: 3447-57 (1989) Two new paired domain genes of Drosophila, Pox meso and Pox neuro, are described. In contrast to the previously isolated paired domain genes, paired and gooseberry, which contain both a paired and a h90059940 How Trp repressor binds to its operator. Staacke D; Walter B; Kisters-Woike B; von Wilcken-Bergmann B; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 9: 1963-7 (1990) We propose that the generally accepted model of a single Trp repressor dimer binding to a center of symmetry in the natural trp operator (Otwinowski et al., 1988) is wrong. We show here that the Trp r90269233 Quantitative analysis of Tn10 Tet repressor binding to a complete set of tet operator mutants. Sizemore C; Wissmann A; Gulland U; Hillen W Nucleic Acids Res 18: 2875-80 (1990) A saturating oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of both tet operators in the tet regulatory sequence was performed yielding mutants with four identical base pair exchanges at equivalent positions in90272389 Sequence analysis and acute pathogenicity of molecularly cloned SIVSMM-PBj14 [see comments] Dewhurst S; Embretson JE; Anderson DC; Mullins JI; Fultz PN Nature 345: 636-40 (1990) The PBj14 isolate of simian immunodeficiency virus from sooty mangabey monkeys (SIVSMM-PBj14) is the most acutely pathogenic primate lentivirus so far described, always causing fatal disease in pig-ta90272009 Regulation of interleukin 1 generation in immune-activated fibroblasts. Huleihel M; Douvdevani A; Segal S; Apte RN Eur J Immunol 20: 731-8 (1990) In the present study we have demonstrated that fibroblasts can generate the inflammatory cytokine interleukin 1 (IL 1) under conditions similar to those abundant in cellular immune responses. Thus, in90269322 Analysis of a CR1 (chicken repeat) sequence flanking the 5' end of the gene encoding alpha-skeletal actin. French BA; Bergsma DJ; Schwartz RJ Gene 88: 173-80 (1990) Genomic Southern blots of chicken DNA, probed with radiolabeled DNA fragments that flank the 5'-end of the asa gene encoding chicken alpha-skeletal actin, indicate the presence of repetitive nucleotid90269605 Suppression of MHC class I gene expression by N-myc through enhancer inactivation. Lenardo M; Rustgi AK; Schievella AR; Bernards R EMBO J 8: 3351-5 (1989) Amplification of the N-myc oncogene in human neuroblastoma is associated with increased metastatic ability. We previously found that over-expression of N-myc in rat neuroblastoma tumor cells causes a 90059928 The KROX-24 protein, a new transcription regulating factor: expression in the rat central nervous system following afferent somatosensory stimulation. Herdegen T; Walker T; Leah JD; Bravo R; Zimmermann M Neurosci Lett 120: 21-4 (1990) The expression of the protein product encoded by the Krox-24 gene was investigated immunocytochemically in the central nervous system of adult rats. Immunoreactivity (IR) of the KROX-24 protein which 91156165 Heat shock and the sorting of luminal ER proteins. Pelham HR EMBO J 8: 3171-6 (1989) 90059906 Receptor interconversion model of hormone action. 3. Estrogen receptor mediated repression of reporter gene activity in A431 cells. Nag A; Park I; Krust A; Smith RG Biochemistry 29: 2699-702 (1990) The chicken estrogen receptor exists in three interconvertible forms, two of which bind estradiol with high affinity and one which lacks the capacity to bind estradiol. Interconversion is regulated by90268019 Ectopic expression of c-jun leads to differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. de Groot RP; Kruyt FA; van der Saag PT; Kruijer W EMBO J 9: 1831-7 (1990) The product of the c-jun proto-oncogene, a major component of the transcription factor AP1, has been implicated in both positive and negative transcriptional control as well as in transformation. The 90269217 The DNA binding domain (POU domain) of transcription factor oct-1 suffices for stimulation of DNA replication. Verrijzer CP; Kal AJ; Van der Vliet PC EMBO J 9: 1883-8 (1990) Oct-1, also referred to as NFIII, OTF-1, OBP100 or NF-A1, is a ubiquitous sequence-specific DNA binding protein that activates transcription and adenovirus DNA replication. The protein contains a cons90269223 Role of cAMP in interleukin-1-induced kappa light chain gene expression in murine B cell line. Bomsztyk K; Toivola B; Emery DW; Rooney JW; Dower SK; Rachie NA; Sibley CH J Biol Chem 265: 9413-7 (1990) The murine lymphoid cell line 70Z/3 has been extensively used to study the intracellular mechanisms of interleukin-1 (IL-1) action. In these cells IL-1 is known to induce kappa gene expression but the90264440 Studies of sigma D-dependent functions in Bacillus subtilis. Marquez LM; Helmann JD; Ferrari E; Parker HM; Ordal GW; Chamberlin MJ J Bacteriol 172: 3435-43 (1990) Gene expression in Bacillus subtilis can be controlled by alternative forms of RNA polymerase programmed by distinct sigma factors. One such factor, sigma D (sigma 28), is expressed during vegetative 90264343 Localization by mutational analysis of transcription factor binding sequences in the U3 region of Rous sarcoma virus LTR. Kenny S; Guntaka RV Virology 176: 483-93 (1990) The transcription factor binding sequences in the U3 region of Rous Sarcoma virus LTR have been determined by gel retardation assays using mutant synthetic oligonucleotides. The results indicate that 90266464 Involvement of "hinge" nucleotides of Xenopus laevis 5 S rRNA in the RNA structural organization and in the binding of transcription factor TFIIIA. Baudin F; Romaniuk PJ; Romby P; Brunel C; Westhof E; Ehresmann B; Ehresmann C J Mol Biol 218: 69-81 (1991) Nucleotides in the bifurcation region of the 5 S rRNA, the junction of the three helical domains, play a central role in determining the coaxial stacking interactions and tertiary structure of the RNA91162652 Role of the purine repressor in the regulation of pyrimidine gene expression in Escherichia coli K-12. Wilson HR; Turnbough CL Jr J Bacteriol 172: 3208-13 (1990) The pyrC and pyrD genes of Escherichia coli K-12 encode the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes dihydroorotase and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, respectively. A highly conserved sequence in the promoter r90264314 Deletion analyses of 5'-flanking region of the human elastin gene. Delineation of functional promoter and regulatory cis-elements. Kahari VM; Fazio MJ; Chen YQ; Bashir MM; Rosenbloom J; Uitto J J Biol Chem 265: 9485-90 (1990) To delineate cis-acting regulatory elements of the human elastin gene, several elastin promoter region/chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene constructs were developed. The spectrum of insert90264451 In vivo phosphorylation of OmpR, the transcription activator of the ompF and ompC genes in Escherichia coli. Forst S; Delgado J; Rampersaud A; Inouye M J Bacteriol 172: 3473-7 (1990) An in vivo approach was taken to assess whether the phosphorylated state of the transcription activator OmpR was affected by changes in the osmolarity of the growth medium or by mutations in envZ, the90264348 Blue light regulates the accumulation of two psbD-psbC transcripts in barley chloroplasts. Gamble PE; Mullet JE EMBO J 8: 2785-94 (1989) Synthesis of D2, a Photosystem II reaction center protein encoded by psbD, is differentially maintained during light-induced chloroplast maturation. The continued synthesis of D2 is paralleled by sele90059859 Regulation of Escherichia coli pyrC by the purine regulon repressor protein. Choi KY; Zalkin H J Bacteriol 172: 3201-7 (1990) The purine regulon repressor, PurR, was identified as a component of the Escherichia coli regulatory system for pyrC, the gene that encodes dihydroorotase, an enzyme in de novo pyrimidine nucleotide s90264313 The A-factor-binding protein of Streptomyces griseus negatively controls streptomycin production and sporulation. Miyake K; Kuzuyama T; Horinouchi S; Beppu T J Bacteriol 172: 3003-8 (1990) A-factor, 2-(6'-methylheptanoyl)-3R-hydroxymethyl-4-butanolide, is an autoregulator essential for streptomycin production and sporulation in Streptomyces griseus. S. griseus 2247 that requires no A-fa90264288 Phytochrome activation of two nuclear genes requires cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Lam E; Green PJ; Wong M; Chua NH EMBO J 8: 2777-83 (1989) We have investigated the effects of protein synthesis inhibitors on light-induced expression of two plant nuclear genes, Cab and rbcS, in wheat, pea and transgenic tobacco. Light activation of these t90059858 SUP-HD1: a new Hodgkin's disease-derived cell line with lymphoid features produces interferon-gamma. Naumovski L; Utz PJ; Bergstrom SK; Morgan R; Molina A; Toole JJ; Glader BE; McFall P; Weiss LM; Warnke R; et al Blood 74: 2733-42 (1989) A new cell line, SUP-HD1, was established from the pleural effusion of a patient with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease (NSHD). The SUP-HD1 cells had the characteristic morphology of Reed-Sternberg90057687 Equilibrium dissociation and unfolding of the Arc repressor dimer. Bowie JU; Sauer RT Biochemistry 28: 7139-43 (1989) The equilibrium unfolding reaction of Arc repressor, a dimeric DNA binding protein encoded by bacteriophage P22, can be monitored by fluorescence or circular dichroism changes. The stability of Arc is90057401 TGF-beta 1 inhibition of c-myc transcription and growth in keratinocytes is abrogated by viral transforming proteins with pRB binding domains. Pietenpol JA; Stein RW; Moran E; Yaciuk P; Schlegel R; Lyons RM; Pittelkow MR; Munger K; Howley PM; Moses HL Cell 61: 777-85 (1990) TGF-beta 1 is demonstrated to inhibit skin keratinocyte proliferation when added during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Human foreskin keratinocytes transformed with either HPV-16 or -18 or SV40, howe90263103 Immediate induction of c-fos and c-myc transcripts following unilateral nephrectomy. Sawczuk IS; Olsson CA; Hoke G; Buttyan R Nephron 55: 193-5 (1990) Unilateral nephrectomy in the rat results in contralateral compensatory renal growth. The immediate molecular events which occur in the remaining renal unit were studied by examining RNA isolated from90301192 Unusual c-fos induction upon chromaffin PC12 differentiation by sodium butyrate: loss of fos autoregulatory function. 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In each of the transfected cell lines, DNA synthesis was stimulated by epidermal growth factor 90315260 Transmission of signals from the T lymphocyte antigen receptor to the genes responsible for cell proliferation and immune function: the missing link. Ullman KS; Northrop JP; Verweij CL; Crabtree GR Annu Rev Immunol 8: 421-52 (1990) 90262674 trans-dominant inhibition of herpes simplex virus transcriptional regulatory protein ICP4 by heterodimer formation. Shepard AA; Tolentino P; DeLuca NA J Virol 64: 3916-26 (1990) Herpes simplex virus encodes a 175-kilodalton immediate-early transactivating protein referred to as ICP4. A mutant ICP4 molecule expressed from a stable transformed cell line lacks the sequences requ90317890 Tumor necrosis factor alpha regulates expression of the major histocompatibility complex class II-associated invariant chain by binding of an NF-kappa B-like factor to a promoter element. 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Shibasaki Y; Sakura H; Takaku F; Kasuga M Biochem Biophys Res Commun 170: 314-21 (1990) Insulin gene expression is restricted to pancreatic B cells and the 5' flanking region is responsible for the tissue specificity. The GCCATCTG motif in this region of the rat insulin 1 gene functions 90321246 Transcription factor levels in medullary thyroid carcinoma cells differentiated by Harvey ras oncogene: c-jun is increased. Nelkin BD; Borges M; Mabry M; Baylin SB Biochem Biophys Res Commun 170: 140-6 (1990) In the TT cell line of human medullary thyroid carcinoma, the viral Harvey ras (v-rasH) oncogene induces differentiation, marked by morphological changes, diminution of growth, and increased expressio90321218 Ovarian adenocarcinomas express fms-complementary transcripts and fms antigen, often with coexpression of CSF-1. Kacinski BM; Carter D; Mittal K; Yee LD; Scata KA; Donofrio L; Chambers SK; Wang KI; Yang-Feng T; Rohrschneider LR; et al Am J Pathol 137: 135-47 (1990) In earlier studies of oncogene expression in ovarian and endometrial neoplasms, the authors reported that high tumor levels of fms-complementary transcripts correlate with high histologic grade and ad90320777 Hierarchic and cooperative binding of the rat liver nuclear protein C/EBP at the hepatitis B virus enhancer. Dikstein R; Faktor O; Shaul Y Mol Cell Biol 10: 4427-30 (1990) We used the enhancer-binding protein C/EBP as a model to study the nature and the complexity of interaction of an enhancer-binding protein with its target DNA. We found that bacterially expressed C/EB90318416 Two distinct forms of active transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element binding protein). Berkowitz LA; Gilman MZ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5258-62 (1990) Mammalian cells express two distinct forms of transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element binding protein) that are apparently the products of alternative splicing of the CREB gene transcript. Th90319091 Synergism between distinct enhanson domains in viral induction of the human beta interferon gene. Leblanc JF; Cohen L; Rodrigues M; Hiscott J Mol Cell Biol 10: 3987-93 (1990) This study demonstrates distinct virus-inducible enhanson properties for three regions of the human beta interferon (IFN-beta) promoter; maximum virus inducibility required syngerism among all three e90318363 A cis-acting element present in multiple genes serves as a repressor protein binding site for the yeast CAR1 gene. Luche RM; Sumrada R; Cooper TG Mol Cell Biol 10: 3884-95 (1990) Induction of the arginase (CAR1) gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has previously been shown to require participation of a cis-dominantly regulated upstream repression sequence (URS). Deleti90318353 Lambda repressor: a model system for understanding protein-DNA interactions and protein stability. Sauer RT; Jordan SR; Pabo CO Adv Protein Chem 40: 1-61 (1990) 90313534 The human cytomegalovirus immediate early enhancer-promoter is responsive to activation by the adenovirus-5 13S E1A gene. Olive DM; al-Mulla W; Simsek M; Zarban S; al-Nakib W Arch Virol 112: 67-80 (1990) The stimulatory effects of the 13S adenovirus E1A gene product on the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate early (IE) enhancer were examined. Chimeric plasmids containing cloned portions of th90314797 The E2 protein of human papillomavirus type 16. Over-expression and purification of an active transcriptional regulator. Lees EM; Driessen HP; Crawford LV; Clarke AR Eur J Biochem 190: 85-92 (1990) The E2 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 16 was inserted into the Escherichia coli vector pKK223-3, and expressed to greater than 15% of total cellular protein when induced with isopropy90306016 The protein encoded by the Arabidopsis homeotic gene agamous resembles transcription factors. Yanofsky MF; Ma H; Bowman JL; Drews GN; Feldmann KA; Meyerowitz EM Nature 346: 35-9 (1990) Mutations in the homeotic gene agamous of the plant Arabidopsis cause the transformation of the floral sex organs. Cloning and sequence analysis of agamous suggest that it encodes a protein with a hig90309968 Early changes in gene expression during liver regeneration: what do they mean? DuBois RD Hepatology 11: 1079-82 (1990) 90306898 Site-directed mutagenesis of arginine 246, glutamic acid 247, and histidine 248 in the eukaryotic transcription factor S-II. Horikoshi N; Sekimizu K; Natori S J Biol Chem 265: 11854-7 (1990) When His248 of the transcription factor S-II was replaced by alanine or tyrosine, the activity of the resulting mutants was less than 30% of that of the wild-type S-II. When Arg246, Glu247, and His24890307711 Transcriptional control of c-myc gene expression during stimulation of murine B lymphocytes. Buckler AJ; Rothstein TL; Sonenshein GE J Immunol 145: 732-6 (1990) The binding of ligand to surface IgR results in the initial activation of B cells. As shown by experiments in which B cells are polyclonally stimulated with anti-Ig antibody, this includes an early in90308319 [Distribution and transcription of determinants homologous to the alpha-hemolysin (hlY) gene in the genomes of HLY- and HLY+ staphylococci] Meshveliani DK; Adamiia RSh; Kvachadze LI; Vashakidze RP; Mamulashvili NA Mol Gen Mikrobiol Virusol 4: 8-10 (1990) The molecular organization of the alpha-hemolysin gene from Staphylococcus aureus strain O15 has been studied. Hybridization of the DNA from this strain with the [32P]-labeled cloned fragment containi90309808 Orientation of the carboxyl terminus of the transposon Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance protein in Escherichia coli. Yamaguchi A; Adachi K; Sawai T FEBS Lett 265: 17-9 (1990) A site-directed antibody was generated against a synthetic polypeptide corresponding to the 14 amino acid residues of the carboxyl terminus of the Tn10 TetA protein. The antibody reacted preferentiall90306307 Haloperidol treatment increases D2 dopamine receptor protein independently of RNA levels in mice. Goss JR; Kelly AB; Johnson SA; Morgan DG Life Sci 48: 1015-22 (1991) Haloperidol, administered to mice in their drinking water, produced a 21% increase in striatal D2 dopamine receptor density after seven days of continuous exposure. The steady-state D2 receptor RNA pr91155702 Evidence for posttranscriptional regulation of synthesis of the Bacillus subtilis Gnt repressor. Fujita Y; Fujita T; Miwa Y FEBS Lett 267: 71-4 (1990) Transcription of the Bacillus subtilis gnt operon results in a polycistronic mRNA that encodes from the 5' end the Gnt repressor, gluconate kinase and permease. The RNA is drastically induced through 90306412 Macromolecular binding equilibria in the lac repressor system: studies using high-pressure fluorescence spectroscopy. Royer CA; Chakerian AE; Matthews KS Biochemistry 29: 4959-66 (1990) High hydrostatic pressure coupled with fluorescence polarization has been used to investigate protein subunit interactions and protein-operator association in lac repressor labeled with a long-lived f90304133 Zinc finger domains: hypotheses and current knowledge. Berg JM Annu Rev Biophys Biophys Chem 19: 405-21 (1990) Many of the hypotheses are clearly correct that are based on the initial observation that TFIIIA has an approximately periodic structure with invariant pairs of cysteines and histidines apparently cap90303434 Cloning and characterization of the proximal promoter region of the rat insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor gene. Werner H; Stannard B; Bach MA; LeRoith D; Roberts CT Jr Biochem Biophys Res Commun 169: 1021-7 (1990) We have isolated genomic clones that contain the promoter region of the rat IGF-I receptor gene. A unique transcriptional start site was suggested by the results of primer extension and RNase protecti90303284 Solution structure of a zinc finger domain of yeast ADR1. Klevit RE; Herriott JR; Horvath SJ Proteins 7: 215-26 (1990) The "zinc finger" is a 30-residue repeating motif that has been identified in a variety of eukaryotic transcription factors. Each domain is capable of binding a Zn2+ ion through invariant Cys and His 90301762 The Escherichia coli K-12 metJ193 allele contains a point mutation which alters the hydrophobic pocket responsible for in vitro binding of S-adenosylmethionine: effects on cell growth and induction ofCollier CD; Johnson JR J Bacteriol 172: 3918-24 (1990) The metJ193 allele encodes one of two identified temperature-sensitive Escherichia coli K-12 met repressors. The nucleotide sequence of the metJ193 allele was determined. The point mutation was a T to90299817 Repression and catabolite repression of the lactose operon of Staphylococcus aureus. Oskouian B; Stewart GC J Bacteriol 172: 3804-12 (1990) The lacR gene encodes the repressor of the lactose operon of S. aureus. The nucleotide sequence of this gene and the promoter-operator region of the operon are reported. The lacR gene encodes a protei90299802 Rhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum dctD gene products bind to tandem sites in an activation sequence located upstream of sigma 54-dependent dctA promoters. Ledebur H; Gu B; Sojda J 3d; Nixon BT J Bacteriol 172: 3888-97 (1990) Free-living rhizobia transport external C4-dicarboxylates to use as sole carbon sources, and uptake of these compounds is essential for nitrogen fixation by rhizobial bacteroids. In both Rhizobium leg90299813 Positive FNR-like control of anaerobic arginine degradation and nitrate respiration in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Galimand M; Gamper M; Zimmermann A; Haas D J Bacteriol 173: 1598-606 (1991) A mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was characterized which could not grow anaerobically with nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor or with arginine as the sole energy source. In this anr mutant, n91154113 SV40 stimulates expression of the transacting factor Sp1 at the mRNA level. Saffer JD; Jackson SP; Thurston SJ Genes Dev 4: 659-66 (1990) Expression of the trans-acting transcription factor Sp1 increased almost 10-fold after infection of cells by simian virus 40. This alteration, attributable to an early viral protein, occurred at the m90299136 A sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that activates fushi tarazu segmentation gene expression. Ueda H; Sonoda S; Brown JL; Scott MP; Wu C Genes Dev 4: 624-35 (1990) The Drosophila segmentation gene fushi tarazu (ftz) is expressed at the cellular blastoderm stage in a pattern of seven transverse stripes; the stripes lie out of register with the segmental primordia90299133 Regulation of the Escherichia coli glyA gene by the purR gene product. Steiert JG; Rolfes RJ; Zalkin H; Stauffer GV J Bacteriol 172: 3799-803 (1990) The purine regulon repressor protein, PurR, was shown to be a purine component involved in glyA regulation in Escherichia coli. Expression of glyA, encoding serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity, w90299801 Rhizobium meliloti suhR suppresses the phenotype of an Escherichia coli RNA polymerase sigma 32 mutant. Bent AF; Signer ER J Bacteriol 172: 3559-68 (1990) sigma 32, the product of the Escherichia coli rpoH locus, is an alternative RNA polymerase sigma factor utilized to express heat shock genes upon a sudden rise in temperature. E. coli K165 [rpoH165(Am90299772 Sequence-specific DNA binding of the proto-oncoprotein ets-1 defines a transcriptional activator sequence within the long terminal repeat of the Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Gunther CV; Nye JA; Bryner RS; Graves BJ Genes Dev 4: 667-79 (1990) The ets proto-oncogene family is a group of sequence-related genes whose normal cellular function is unknown. In a study of cellular proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of murine retro90299137 High-level expression of human c-jun gene causes cellular transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts. Suzuki T; Hashimoto Y; Okuno H; Sato H; Nishina H; Iba H Jpn J Cancer Res 82: 58-64 (1991) To analyze the transforming activity of c-jun, a Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) variant that carries human c-jun instead of v-src (JH1) was constructed. After infection onto chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF)91153980 Mapping the gene encoding the human erythroid transcriptional factor NFE1-GF1 to Xp11.23. Caiulo A; Nicolis S; Bianchi P; Zuffardi O; Bardoni B; Maraschio P; Ottolenghi S; Camerino G; Giglioni B Hum Genet 86: 388-90 (1991) The X-linked NFE1 gene encodes an erythroid factor involved in globin gene transcription. Using a human cDNA clone encoding this factor, we show, by in situ hybridization and by analysis of human-rode91153811 The Bacillus subtilis gene for the development transcription factor sigma K is generated by excision of a dispensable DNA element containing a sporulation recombinase gene. Kunkel B; Losick R; Stragier P Genes Dev 4: 525-35 (1990) The structural gene (sigK) for the mother-cell RNA polymerase sigma-factor sigma K in Bacillus subtilis is a composite of two truncated genes, named spoIVCB and spoIIIC, which are brought together by 90299125 Myogenin resides in the nucleus and acquires high affinity for a conserved enhancer element on heterodimerization. Brennan TJ; Olson EN Genes Dev 4: 582-95 (1990) Myogenin is a member of a family of muscle-specific factors that can activate the muscle differentiation program in nonmyogenin cells. Using antibodies directed against unique domains of myogenin, we 90299130 Cell type specific expression of the growth hormone gene and its control by GHF-1. Karin M; Theill L; Castrillo JL; McCormick A; Brady H Nippon Naibunpi Gakkai Zasshi 66: 1205-20 (1990) 91153514 Direct and selective binding of an acidic transcriptional activation domain to the TATA-box factor TFIID. Stringer KF; Ingles CJ; Greenblatt J Nature 345: 783-6 (1990) The potent transactivation domain of the herpes simplex virion protein VP16 was used as a column ligand for affinity chromatography. VP16 binds strongly and highly selectively to the human and yeast T90294923 Interaction of nuclear factor EF-1A with the polyomavirus enhancer region. Bolwig GM; Hearing P J Virol 65: 1884-92 (1991) Enhancer factor 1A (EF-1A) is a mammalian nuclear protein that previously was shown to bind cooperatively to the repeated core enhancer element I sequence in the adenovirus E1A enhancer region. We now91162738 Analysis of dimerization and DNA binding functions in Fos and Jun by domain-swapping: involvement of residues outside the leucine zipper/basic region. Cohen DR; Curran T Oncogene 5: 929-39 (1990) The products of two cellular proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun form a heterodimeric complex that contribute to the DNA-binding activity referred to as AP-1 (activator protein-1). Two domains have been p90295290 Short exposure of rat pancreatic islets to interleukin-1 beta induces a sustained but reversible impairment in beta-cell function: influence of protease activation, gene transcription, and protein synEizirik DL; Bendtzen K; Sandler S Endocrinology 128: 1611-6 (1991) In an attempt to gain further knowledge about the mechanism of action of recombinant interleukin-1 beta (rIL-1 beta) on rat pancreatic beta-cells, we studied the effects of short term rIL-1 beta expos91153258 lac repressor forms stable loops in vitro with supercoiled wild-type lac DNA containing all three natural lac operators. Eismann ER; Muller-Hill B J Mol Biol 213: 763-75 (1990) We have analyzed protein-DNA complexes formed between lac repressor and linear or differently supercoiled lac DNA (802 or 816 base-pairs in length), which carry all three natural lac operators (O1, O290294294 A POU-domain transcription factor in early stem cells and germ cells of the mammalian embryo. Rosner MH; Vigano MA; Ozato K; Timmons PM; Poirier F; Rigby PW; Staudt LM Nature 345: 686-92 (1990) The murine oct-3 gene encodes a transcription factor containing a POU-specific domain and a homeodomain. In marked contrast to other homeodomain-encoding genes, oct-3 is expressed in the totipotent an90294899 Structure of the human type IV collagenase gene. Huhtala P; Chow LT; Tryggvason K J Biol Chem 265: 11077-82 (1990) The structure of the gene for human 70-kDa type IV collagenase (gelatinase) was determined. Three overlapping genomic clones were isolated and shown to contain 0.4 kilobase (kb) of the 5'-flanking reg90293047 Alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors bind immediately adjacent to the rat growth hormone gene TATA box in a negatively hormone-responsive promoter region. Crone DE; Kim HS; Spindler SR J Biol Chem 265: 10851-6 (1990) We report that alpha and beta type rat thyroid hormone receptors bind specifically and with high affinity to the 10-base pair sequence immediately 3' of the rat growth hormone TATA box (positions -25 90293012 The collagenase gene promoter contains a TPA and oncogene-responsive unit encompassing the PEA3 and AP-1 binding sites. Gutman A; Wasylyk B EMBO J 9: 2241-6 (1990) PEA3 is a transcription factor which binds to the polyoma virus enhancer and whose activity is regulated by the expression of a number of oncogenes. We show here that PEA3 also binds specifically to t90291989 Oct-4: a germline-specific transcription factor mapping to the mouse t-complex. Scholer HR; Dressler GR; Balling R; Rohdewohld H; Gruss P EMBO J 9: 2185-95 (1990) Oct-4 is a maternally expressed octamer-binding protein encoded by the murine Oct-4 gene. It is present in unfertilized oocytes, but also in the inner cell mass and in primordial germ cells. Here we s90291983 Ubiquitous and cell-type-specific protein interactions with human papillomavirus type 16 and type 18 enhancers. Nakshatri H; Pater MM; Pater A Virology 178: 92-103 (1990) We have studied the protein-DNA interactions of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 constitutive enhancer elements using DNasel footprinting experiments with nuclear extracts from four cervical carci90357796 Infection of CV1 cells expressing the polyoma virus middle T antigen or the SV40 agnogene product with simian virus 40 host-range mutants. Spence SL; Tack LC; Wright JH; Carswell S; Pipas JM In Vitro Cell Dev Biol 26: 604-11 (1990) SV40 viruses bearing mutations at the carboxy-terminus of large T antigen exhibit a host-range phenotype: such viruses are able to grow in BSC monkey kidney cells at 37 degrees C, but give at least 1090292965 Transforming growth factor-alpha messenger RNA localization in the developing adult rat and human mammary gland by in situ hybridization. Liscia DS; Merlo G; Ciardiello F; Kim N; Smith GH; Callahan R; Salomon DS Dev Biol 140: 123-31 (1990) Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) has been implicated in the autocrine growth control of a number of different rodent and human tumor cells, including breast cancer cells. Although TGF alph90292332 The subunit structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor IIIC probed with a novel photocrosslinking reagent. Bartholomew B; Kassavetis GA; Braun BR; Geiduschek EP EMBO J 9: 2197-205 (1990) A photocrosslinking nucleotide, 5-[N-(p-azidobenzoyl)-3-aminoallyl]-deoxyuridine monophosphate (N3Rd-UMP), has been used to identify four polypeptides that are associated with the large Saccharomyces 90291984 A 6700 MW membrane protein is encoded by region E3 of adenovirus type 2. Wilson-Rawls J; Saha SK; Krajcsi P; Tollefson AE; Gooding LR; Wold WS Virology 178: 204-12 (1990) There is an open reading frame between ATG1022 and TGA1205 in the E3 transcription unit of adenovirus 2 that could encode a protein of MW 6700 (6.7K) (61 amino acids). To address whether this protein 90357766 Evidence of changes in protease sensitivity and subunit exchange rate on DNA binding by C/EBP. Shuman JD; Vinson CR; McKnight SL Science 249: 771-4 (1990) The transcription factor C/EBP uses a bipartite structural motif to bind DNA. Two protein chains dimerize through a set of amphipathic alpha helices termed the leucine zipper. Highly basic polypeptide90357025 The major transcriptional regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 includes a protease resistant DNA binding domain. Everett RD; Paterson T; Elliott M Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4579-85 (1990) Herpes simplex virus type 1 expresses five immediate-early (IE) polypeptides. In the absence of functional Vmw175 (the product of IE gene 3) activation of transcription of later classes of viral genes90356394 Sequence-specific DNA binding by a short peptide dimer. Talanian RV; McKnight CJ; Kim PS Science 249: 769-71 (1990) A recently described class of DNA binding proteins is characterized by the "bZIP" motif, which consists of a basic region that contacts DNA and an adjacent "leucine zipper" that mediates protein dimer90357024 Domain swapping reveals the modular nature of Fos, Jun, and CREB proteins. Ransone LJ; Wamsley P; Morley KL; Verma IM Mol Cell Biol 10: 4565-73 (1990) The products of the Jun and Fos proto-oncogenes form a heterodimer that binds to and activates transcription from 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive promoter elements (TGACTCA) and AP-1-b90355970 Regulatory anatomy of the murine interleukin-2 gene. Novak TJ; White PM; Rothenberg EV Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4523-33 (1990) We have cloned the mouse IL2 gene and sequenced 2800 bp of 5' flanking DNA. Comparison to the previously reported human sequence revealed extensive identity (approximately 86%) between the two genes f90356388 On the flexible interaction of yeast factor tau with the bipartite promoter of tRNA genes. Camier S; Baker RE; Sentenac A Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4571-8 (1990) Yeast transcription factor tau (analogous to vertebrate TFIIIC) interacts specifically with the internal split promoter of tRNA genes. Binding to the two promoter elements (A block and B block) occurs90356393 A specific cis-acting element regulates in vitro transcription of sex-dependent mouse steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase (C-P450(16 alpha)) gene. Yoshioka H; Lang M; Wong G; Negishi M J Biol Chem 265: 14612-7 (1990) The mouse steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase (C-P450(16 alpha)) family consists of structurally similar genes with very divergent expressions (Wong, G., Itakura, T., Kawajiri, K., Skow, L., and Negishi, M. 90354459 Minimal subenhancer requirements for high-level polyomavirus DNA replication: a cell-specific synergy of PEA3 and PEA1 sites. Rochford R; Davis CT; Yoshimoto KK; Villarreal LP Mol Cell Biol 10: 4996-5001 (1990) The cell-specific regulation of DNA replication has important implications for the molecular strategy of cellular gene control. Mouse polyomavirus (Py) DNA replication is examined as a model of cell-s90356024 Effect of diabetes and insulin treatment of diabetic rats on total RNA, poly(A)+ RNA, and mRNA in skeletal muscle. Kent JD; Kimball SR; Jefferson LS Am J Physiol 260: C409-16 (1991) We have assessed the time course of alterations in several biochemical parameters and expression of specific mRNAs in gastrocnemius muscle following both the induction of diabetes and the administrati91165928 Effect of myogenic and adipogenic differentiation on expression of colony-stimulating factor genes. Harrington MA; Falkenburg JH; Daub R; Broxmeyer HE Mol Cell Biol 10: 4948-52 (1990) The influence of cellular differentiation on colony-stimulating factor gene expression was examined in myogenically and adipogenically determined cell lines derived from 5-azacytidine-treated C3H10T1/90356013 The genes for leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin-6 are expressed in mouse blastocysts prior to the onset of hemopoiesis. Murray R; Lee F; Chiu CP Mol Cell Biol 10: 4953-6 (1990) We have investigated the role that hemopoietic regulatory molecules may play in mouse embryogenesis prior to the appearance of hemopoietic stem cells or their microenvironments. Using polymerase chain90356014 A DNA motif related to the cAMP-responsive element and an exon-located activator protein-2 binding site in the human tissue-type plasminogen activator gene promoter cooperate in basal expression and cMedcalf RL; Ruegg M; Schleuning WD J Biol Chem 265: 14618-26 (1990) Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) gene expression is regulated by the tumor-promoting phorbol ester, phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), by cyclic AMP analogues, and the cAMP agonist, forsko90354460 The arcB gene of Escherichia coli encodes a sensor-regulator protein for anaerobic repression of the arc modulon. Iuchi S; Matsuda Z; Fujiwara T; Lin EC Mol Microbiol 4: 715-27 (1990) The arcA (dye) and arcB genes of Escherichia coli are responsible for anaerobic repression of target operons and regulons of aerobic function (the arc modulon). The amino acid sequence of ArcA (Dye) i90355832 Establishment of de novo DNA methylation patterns. Transcription factor binding and deoxycytidine methylation at CpG and non-CpG sequences in an integrated adenovirus promoter. Toth M; Muller U; Doerfler W J Mol Biol 214: 673-83 (1990) The establishment of de novo patterns of DNA methylation in mammalian genomes is characterized by the gradual spreading of methylation, which has been documented to occur across an entire integrated a90355184 MDR1 transcript levels as an indication of resistant disease in acute myelogenous leukaemia. Sato H; Preisler H; Day R; Raza A; Larson R; Browman G; Goldberg J; Vogler R; Grunwald H; Gottlieb A; et al Br J Haematol 75: 340-5 (1990) The expression of the MDR1 gene was studied by Northern blot analysis in leukaemic cell specimens obtained from 74 patients with acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). No relationship was found between MD90352266 Protooncogene c-fos as a transcription factor. Distel RJ; Spiegelman BM Adv Cancer Res 55: 37-55 (1990) 90350580 Jun-B gene expression mediated by the surface immunoglobulin receptor of primary B lymphocytes. Tilzey JF; Chiles TC; Rothstein TL Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175: 77-83 (1991) Stimulation of primary B lymphocytes induces the nuclear expression of TPA response element binding proteins that are recognized by anti-Jun antisera. To evaluate the profile of jun gene expression, R91151380 Characterization of a dimerization motif in AP-2 and its function in heterologous DNA-binding proteins. Williams T; Tjian R Science 251: 1067-71 (1991) The mammalian transcription factor AP-2 is a retinoic acid inducible sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that is developmentally regulated. In this report, the functional domains necessary for AP-2 91149909 jun: oncogene and transcription factor. Vogt PK; Bos TJ Adv Cancer Res 55: 1-35 (1990) 90350577 Drosophila homolog of the mammalian jun oncogene is expressed during embryonic development and activates transcription in mammalian cells. Zhang K; Chaillet JR; Perkins LA; Halazonetis TD; Perrimon N Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 6281-5 (1990) By means of low-stringency cross-species hybridization to Southern DNA blots, human c-jun sequences were used to identify a unique Drosophila melanogaster locus (Djun). The predicted DJun protein is h90349599 Activation of the heat shock transcription factor by hypoxia in mammalian cells. Benjamin IJ; Kroger B; Williams RS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 6263-7 (1990) Members of the stress protein family such as HSP70 are induced in ischemic tissues and may contribute to the ability of cells to survive episodes of transient circulatory insufficiency. However, the b90349595 Analysis of E1A-mediated growth regulation functions: binding of the 300-kilodalton cellular product correlates with E1A enhancer repression function and DNA synthesis-inducing activity. Stein RW; Corrigan M; Yaciuk P; Whelan J; Moran E J Virol 64: 4421-7 (1990) Adenovirus E1A transforming function requires two distinct regions of the protein. Transforming activity is closely linked with the presence of a region designated conserved domain 2 and the ability o90347839 The homeo domain protein rough is expressed in a subset of cells in the developing Drosophila eye where it can specify photoreceptor cell subtype. Kimmel BE; Heberlein U; Rubin GM Genes Dev 4: 712-27 (1990) The Drosophila homeo box gene rough is required in photoreceptor cells R2 and R5 for normal eye development. We show here that rough protein expression is limited to a subset of cells in the developin90337310 Copper-induced binding of cellular factors to yeast metallothionein upstream activation sequences. Huibregtse JM; Engelke DR; Thiele DJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 65-9 (1989) Copper-inducible transcription of the yeast metallothionein gene (CUP1) occurs by means of cis-acting upstream activation sequences (UAS) and trans-acting cellular factors. We have used a high-resolut89098931 A novel enhancer in the immunoglobulin lambda locus is duplicated and functionally independent of NF kappa B. Hagman J; Rudin CM; Haasch D; Chaplin D; Storb U Genes Dev 4: 978-92 (1990) As a first step toward defining the elements necessary for lambda immunoglobulin gene regulation, DNase I hypersensitive sites were mapped in the mouse lambda locus. A hypersensitive site found 15.5 k90346296 Molecular characterization of the GCN4-DNA complex. Gartenberg MR; Ampe C; Steitz TA; Crothers DM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 6034-8 (1990) We report studies of the DNA complex formed by GCN4, a transcriptional activator of eukaryotic amino acid biosynthetic operons. The DNA thermodynamic binding domain, defined by primer extension analys90349549 Regulated GAL4 expression cassette providing controllable and high-level output from high-copy galactose promoters in yeast. Mylin LM; Hofmann KJ; Schultz LD; Hopper JE Methods Enzymol 185: 297-308 (1990) 90340126 Negative regulation of human c-fos expression by the retinoblastoma gene product. Robbins PD; Horowitz JM; Mulligan RC Nature 346: 668-71 (1990) Inactivation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB-1) has been associated with the aetiology of many types of human cancers, leading to the classification of RB-1 as an anti-oncogene or tumour90348970 Tandem AP-1-binding sites within the human beta-globin dominant control region function as an inducible enhancer in erythroid cells. Ney PA; Sorrentino BP; McDonagh KT; Nienhuis AW Genes Dev 4: 993-1006 (1990) A powerful enhancer has been mapped to an 18-bp DNA segment located 11 kb 5' to the human epsilon-globin gene within the dominant control or locus-activating region. This enhancer is inducible in K56290346297 The human cytomegalovirus 2.7-kilobase RNA promoter contains a functional binding site for the adenovirus major late transcription factor. Klucher KM; Spector DH J Virol 64: 4189-98 (1990) We have examined the factors which influence the expression of a major 2.7-kilobase (kb) early transcript encoded by the long repeat of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain AD169 genome. Previously90347811 Co-operative interactions between the catabolite gene activator protein and the lac repressor at the lactose promoter. Hudson JM; Fried MG J Mol Biol 214: 381-96 (1990) The catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) and the lac repressor regulate the transcriptional activity of the lactose operon. An early step in the regulatory functions of these proteins is their bind90339483 Sequence-specific binding of a transcription factor TFID to the promoter region of mouse ribosomal RNA gene. Tanaka N; Kato H; Ishikawa Y; Hisatake K; Tashiro K; Kominami R; Muramatsu M J Biol Chem 265: 13836-42 (1990) The binding sites of TFID, a species-dependent transcription factor, on the mouse ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) have been analyzed by DNase I footprinting using partially purified TFID. The region -12 to 90338000 Pan: a transcriptional regulator that binds chymotrypsin, insulin, and AP-4 enhancer motifs. Nelson C; Shen LP; Meister A; Fodor E; Rutter WJ Genes Dev 4: 1035-43 (1990) Two cDNAs were cloned that encode proteins (Pan-1 and Pan-2, with predicted molecular masses of 67.4 and 67.7 kD, respectively) that bind to a conserved transcriptional regulatory element present in p90346284 Alternating zinc-finger motifs in the human male-associated protein ZFY. Weiss MA; Mason KA; Dahl CE; Keutmann HT Biochemistry 29: 5660-4 (1990) ZFY, a putative transcription factor encoded by the human Y chromosome, contains a distinctive two-finger repeat: odd-numbered and even-numbered CC/HH metal-binding motifs exhibit systematic alternati90344784 Expression of human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat in the human promonocyte cell line U937: effect of endotoxin and cytokines. Latham PS; Lewis AM; Varesio L; Pavlakis GN; Felber BK; Ruscetti FW; Young HA Cell Immunol 129: 513-8 (1990) Phagocytic macrophages are known to support noncytopathic, chronic infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Regulation of viral replication in such cells with either chronic low-grade or late90345469 Functionally acceptable substitutions in two alpha-helical regions of lambda repressor. Reidhaar-Olson JF; Sauer RT Proteins 7: 306-16 (1990) A method of targeted random mutagenesis has been used to investigate the informational content of 25 residue positions in two alpha-helical regions of the N-terminal domain of lambda repressor. Examin90341214 Heat shock induction of HIV production from chronically infected promonocytic and T cell lines. Stanley SK; Bressler PB; Poli G; Fauci AS J Immunol 145: 1120-6 (1990) HIV infection is associated with a long period of clinical latency before the development of symptoms and HIV-related disease. Two chronically HIV-infected cell lines, U1 (promonocytic) and ACH-2 (T-l90338743 Transforming growth factor-beta 1 modulates basic fibroblast growth factor-induced proteolytic and angiogenic properties of endothelial cells in vitro. Pepper MS; Belin D; Montesano R; Orci L; Vassalli JD J Cell Biol 111: 743-55 (1990) Tightly controlled proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix by invading microvascular endothelial cells is believed to be a necessary component of the angiogenic process. We have previously90338128 Modulation of NCAM expression by transforming growth factor-beta, serum, and autocrine factors. Roubin R; Deagostini-Bazin H; Hirsch MR; Goridis C J Cell Biol 111: 673-84 (1990) The expression of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule) is precisely regulated in terms of cell type specificity and developmental control. We searched for extracellular factors that may be involved in90338122 Phorbol ester-induced inhibition of collagen accumulation by human lung fibroblasts. Goldstein RH; Fine A; Farnsworth LJ; Poliks C; Polgar P J Biol Chem 265: 13623-8 (1990) The effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on collagen accumulation by human embryonic lung fibroblasts was determined. PMA (10 nM) dramatically inhibited collagen formation in cultures that 90337970 The Drosophila Fos-related AP-1 protein is a developmentally regulated transcription factor. Perkins KK; Admon A; Patel N; Tjian R Genes Dev 4: 822-34 (1990) Drosophila AP-1 consists of two proteins (dFRA and dJRA) that have functional and structural properties in common with mammalian Fos and Jun proto-oncogene products. Here, we report the isolation and 90337318 A novel B-cell lineage-specific transcription factor present at early but not late stages of differentiation. Barberis A; Widenhorn K; Vitelli L; Busslinger M Genes Dev 4: 849-59 (1990) A novel B-cell-specific transcription factor, BSAP, was identified as a mammalian homolog of the sea urchin protein TSAP, which interacts with the promoters of four tissue-specific late histone H2A-2 90337320 Achilles' heel cleavage: creation of rare restriction sites in lambda phage genomes and evaluation of additional operators, repressors and restriction/modification systems. Grimes E; Koob M; Szybalski W Gene 90: 1-7 (1990) A novel technique for the creation of rare restriction sites was described by Koob et al. [Science 241 (1988) 1084-1086]. This technique, Achilles' heel cleavage (AC), relies on the use of a bound rep90337328 Mechanism of the inhibition by insulin of the glucagon-dependent activation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in rat hepatocyte cultures. Action on gene transcription, mRNA level and -stabChrist B; Nath A; Jungermann K Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler 371: 395-402 (1990) The mechanism of the antagonistic action of insulin on the glucagon-dependent stimulation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene was studied in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Gene90334742 Homeodomain proteins and the regulation of gene expression. Affolter M; Schier A; Gehring WJ Curr Opin Cell Biol 2: 485-95 (1990) 90334894 DNA replication. Virshup DM Curr Opin Cell Biol 2: 453-60 (1990) 90334889 Structural and functional comparisons of the Drosophila virilis and Drosophila melanogaster rough genes. Heberlein U; Rubin GM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5916-20 (1990) We have isolated the homeobox gene rough (ro) from Drosophila virilis. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of the D. melanogaster and D. virilis rough proteins reveals that domains of hig90332693 Screening the Rickettsia prowazekii genome for rpoD homologs. Marks GL; Wood DO Ann N Y Acad Sci 590: 478-82 (1990) 90334358 LIM domains [letter] Rabbitts TH; Boehm T Nature 346: 418 (1990) 90331999 Hypervariable individual-specific DNA band patterns revealed by a 22mer promoter-specific oligonucleotide probe containing an SP1 site. Menzel A; Lagoda PJ; Issinger OG Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4287 (1990) 90332458 DNA octamer element can confer E1A trans-activation, and adenovirus infection results in a stimulation of the DNA-binding activity of OTF-1/NFIII factor. Chellappan SP; Nevins JR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5878-82 (1990) Adenovirus E1A-dependent trans-activation of viral transcription involves the utilization and alteration of multiple sequence-specific transcription factors. Cellular genes are also activated by E1A, 90332686 The human interleukin-2 receptor beta-chain gene: genomic organization, promoter analysis and chromosomal assignment. Shibuya H; Yoneyama M; Nakamura Y; Harada H; Hatakeyama M; Minamoto S; Kono T; Doi T; White R; Taniguchi T Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3697-703 (1990) The chromosomal gene for the human interleukin-2 receptor beta-chain (IL-2R beta) was isolated and characterized. The entire IL-2R beta gene is composed of ten exons spanning about 24.3 kilobases, in 90326487 Mechanism of elongation of primed DNA by DNA polymerase delta, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and activator 1. Lee SH; Hurwitz J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5672-6 (1990) In the presence of a single-stranded-DNA-binding protein (SSB), the elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta (pol delta) is dependent on ATP and two protein factors, activator 1 (A1)90332643 Reaction of LexA repressor with diisopropyl fluorophosphate. A test of the serine protease model. Roland KL; Little JW J Biol Chem 265: 12828-35 (1990) The LexA repressor of Escherichia coli modulates the expression of the SOS regulon. In the presence of DNA damaging agents in vivo, the 202-amino acid LexA repressor is inactivated by specific RecA-me90330614 Complementation of Escherichia coli sigma 54 (NtrA)-dependent formate hydrogenlyase activity by a cloned Thiobacillus ferrooxidans ntrA gene. Berger DK; Woods DR; Rawlings DE J Bacteriol 172: 4399-406 (1990) The ntrA gene of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans was cloned by complementation of an Escherichia coli ntrA mutant that was unable to produce gas via the sigma 54 (NtrA)-dependent formate hydrogenlyase pathw90330545 Transcriptional control of expression of the TGF-betas. Roberts AB; Kim SJ; Kondaiah P; Jakowlew SB; Denhez F; Glick AB; Geiser AG; Watanabe S; Noma T; Lechleider R; et al Ann N Y Acad Sci 593: 43-50 (1990) 90328660 Phenotypes of Bacillus subtilis mutants altered in the precursor-specific region of sigma E. Jonas RM; Peters HK 3d; Haldenwang WG J Bacteriol 172: 4178-86 (1990) sigma E is a sporulation-specific sigma factor of Bacillus subtilis that is synthesized from an inactive precursor protein (P31). The structural gene (sigE) for P31 was reengineered by oligonucleotide90330518 DNA recognition by proteins with the helix-turn-helix motif. Harrison SC; Aggarwal AK Annu Rev Biochem 59: 933-69 (1990) 90328766 RNA polymerase B (II) and general transcription factors. Sawadogo M; Sentenac A Annu Rev Biochem 59: 711-54 (1990) 90328759 The rhombotin gene belongs to a class of transcriptional regulators with a potential novel protein dimerisation motif. Boehm T; Foroni L; Kennedy M; Rabbitts TH Oncogene 5: 1103-5 (1990) The derived protein sequence of the presumptive oncogene rhombotin is virtually identical between human and mouse (Boehm et al., 1990), rendering it difficult to identify functionally important region90326416 [Molecular mechanisms of SOS response of E. coli] Ogawa T; Ogawa H Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 35: 893-904 (1990) 90326799 The tL structure within the leader region of Escherichia coli ribosomal RNA operons has post-transcriptional functions. Theissen G; Eberle J; Zacharias M; Tobias L; Wagner R Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3893-901 (1990) We have investigated a series of mutations within a plasmid encoded E. coli ribosomal RNA leader region. The mutations are localized within a structure known as tL, which has been shown to mediate RNA90326511 Integrity of FOS B leucine zipper is essential for its interaction with JUN proteins. Ryseck RP; Kovary K; Bravo R Oncogene 5: 1091-3 (1990) fos B encodes a nuclear protein with 70% homology to c-fos, whose expression is transiently induced during the G0/G1 transition. Immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that FOS B protein forms a com90326413 Arabidopsis thaliana contains two genes for TFIID. Gasch A; Hoffmann A; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG; Chua NH Nature 346: 390-4 (1990) The general transcription initiation factor TFIID plays a primary part in the activation of eukaryotic genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Binding of TFIID to the TATA box initiates the assembly o90326196 Highly conserved core domain and unique N terminus with presumptive regulatory motifs in a human TATA factor (TFIID). Hoffman A; Sinn E; Yamamoto T; Wang J; Roy A; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Nature 346: 387-90 (1990) The factor TFIID is one of several general factors that are necessary and sufficient for transcription initiation by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Stable interactions with the common TATA element lead 90326195 Striking conservation of TFIID in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Fikes JD; Becker DM; Winston F; Guarente L Nature 346: 291-4 (1990) Eukaryotic promoters contain binding sites for basic transcription factors and gene-specific activator proteins. The transcription factors interact at the TATA box, which lies close to the position of90326164 Symmetric lac operator derivatives: effects of half-operator sequence and spacing on repressor affinity. Sasmor HM; Betz JL Gene 89: 1-6 (1990) We have analyzed lac repressor binding in vivo and in vitro to several symmetric lac operator sequences. Two features of the operator appear to be important for repressor binding: sequence, both of th90323591 A mechanism of formation of a persistent hybrid between elongating RNA and template DNA. Masukata H; Tomizawa J Cell 62: 331-8 (1990) At the replication origin of ColE1 plasmid, a persistent hybrid is formed between the primer precursor (RNA II) and its template DNA. The wild-type sequence in the region 13 to 20 bp upstream (-20 reg90322429 fos-jun conspiracy: implications for the cell. Verma IM; Ransone LJ; Visvader J; Sassone-Corsi P; Lamph WW Ciba Found Symp 150: 128-37; discussion 137-46 (1990) Two nuclear oncoproteins, fos and jun (AP-1), cooperate in forming a very stable heterodimeric complex that binds to the AP-1 site on DNA with high affinity. The 'leucine zipper' domain of both fos an90322836 N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene-induced mutagenesis in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli. Schaaper RM; Koffel-Schwartz N; Fuchs RP Carcinogenesis 11: 1087-95 (1990) To study the mechanisms of mutagenesis by the carcinogen N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (AAF), we determined by DNA sequencing the spectrum of mutations in the Escherichia coli lacI gene induced by the ulti90322519 Assembly of Xenopus transcription factor III A-5S RNA complex. Callaci TP; Cai GZ; Lee JC; Daly TJ; Wu CW Biochemistry 29: 4653-9 (1990) The regulation of Xenopus 5S rRNA gene expression involves multiple protein factors, among which is transcription factor III A (TFIIIA). This factor can be isolated as a protein-RNA complex. The assem90321923 Oct-3 is a maternal factor required for the first mouse embryonic division. Rosner MH; De Santo RJ; Arnheiter H; Staudt LM Cell 64: 1103-10 (1991) Oct-3 is a POU domain transcription factor that binds the octamer DNA motif and is present in mouse oocytes before and after fertilization. When fertilized oocytes were injected with antisense Oct-3 o91168258 Cloning of the murine c-fgr proto-oncogene cDNA and induction of c-fgr expression by proliferation and activation factors in normal bone marrow-derived monocytic cells. Yi TL; Willman CL Oncogene 4: 1081-7 (1989) Normal murine bone marrow-derived monocytic cells were found to contain transcripts for c-fgr and hck, two members of the src family of proto-oncogene tyrosine kinases. While hck transcripts were incr89385605 Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of the yeast transcriptional activator protein GCN4. Saudek V; Pastore A; Castiglione Morelli MA; Frank R; Gausepohl H; Gibson T; Weih F; Roesch P Protein Eng 4: 3-10 (1990) The solution structure of an active synthetic peptide containing both the leucine zipper and the adjacent basic domain of the yeast transcription factor GCN4 (residues 220-280) was determined by NMR. 91149345 Identification and characterisation of the egr-1 gene product as an inducible, short-lived, nuclear phosphoprotein. Waters CM; Hancock DC; Evan GI Oncogene 5: 669-74 (1990) The egr-1 gene (also termed NGFI-A, zif/268 and Krox24) is predicted to encode a protein with three 'zinc finger' domains. Analogous DNA-binding motifs are present in several putative transcriptional 90265607 ACE1 regulates expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein gene. Thiele DJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 2745-52 (1988) Copper resistance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mediated, in large part, by the CUP1 locus, which encodes a low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich metal-binding protein. Expression of the CUP1 gene is r88302192 Interleukin-1 stimulation stabilizes GM-CSF mRNA in human vascular endothelial cells: preliminary studies on the role of the 3' AU rich motif. Bagby GC; Shaw G; Heinrich MC; Hefeneider S; Brown MA; DeLoughery TG; Segal GM; Band L Prog Clin Biol Res 352: 233-9 (1990) To date, the notion that the AU rich motif in the 3' UT of GM-CSF mRNA can function as an IL-1 response element has not been adequately examined. We suspect that it must play some role because virtual90385022 Globin gene switching: insights from studies in somatic heterospecific hybrids and in transgenic mice. Papayannopoulou T; Brice M; Enver T; Stamatoyannopoulos G Prog Clin Biol Res 352: 323-8 (1990) 90385032 Crystallization of the met repressor from Escherichia coli. Rafferty JB; Phillips SE; Rojas C; Boulot G; Saint-Girons I; Guillou Y; Cohen GN J Mol Biol 200: 217-9 (1988) The met repressor from Escherichia coli has been crystallized in space group P21, with unit cell dimensions a = 35.6 A, b = 62.6 A, c = 44.5 A, beta = 102.4 degrees and one aporepressor dimer per asym88245188 Transforming growth-factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibits albumin synthesis in normal human hepatocytes and in hepatoma HepG2 cells. Busso N; Chesne C; Delers F; Morel F; Guillouzo A Biochem Biophys Res Commun 171: 647-54 (1990) We explored the effect of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), a cytokine that appears to play a central role in inflammatory events, on albumin expression by normal adult human hepatocytes and90386635 Phorbol esters, lipopolysaccharides and colony stimulating factor production. Pluznik DH; Bickel M Prog Clin Biol Res 352: 205-13 (1990) 90385017 A novel C-T transition within the distal CCAAT motif of the G gamma-globin gene in the Japanese HPFH: implication of factor binding in elevated fetal globin expression. Fucharoen S; Shimizu K; Fukumaki Y Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5245-53 (1990) Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) is a condition characterized by the continued expression of the fetal globin gene in adulthood. Both deletional and nondeletional forms have been desc90384826 Somatotroph- and lactotroph-specific interactions with the homeobox protein binding sites in the rat growth hormone gene promoter. Schaufele F; West BL; Reudelhuber T Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5235-43 (1990) Nuclear extracts prepared from growth hormone-secreting (GC) and prolactin-secreting (235-1) rat anterior pituitary cell lines were compared for their ability to bind to the DNA sequences conferring t90384825 Transcription factor PEA3 participates in the induction of urokinase plasminogen activator transcription in murine keratinocytes stimulated with epidermal growth factor or phorbol-ester. Rorth P; Nerlov C; Blasi F; Johnsen M Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5009-17 (1990) Keratinocytes in culture represent cells which exhibit continued and controlled growth in the organism. We have investigated the synthesis of urokinase plasminogen activator mRNA in exponentially grow90384794 Colony-stimulating factor gene expression in human acute myeloblastic leukemia cells is posttranscriptionally regulated. Ernst TJ; Ritchie AR; O'Rourke R; Griffin JD Leukemia 3: 620-5 (1989) Normal human myeloid cells require certain colony stimulating factors (CSFs) for growth and differentiation. These CSFs are normally produced exogenously by accessory cells. However, human acute myelo89343300 Genetic evidence for similar negative regulatory domains in the yeast transcription activators GAL4 and LAC9. Dickson RC; Gerardot CJ; Martin AK Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5213-7 (1990) The GAL4 protein of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the LAC9 protein of Kluyveromyces lactis are transcription activator proteins with similar structure and function. Greatest similarity occurs in the C 90384822 The effects of disrupting 5S RNA helical structures on the binding of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA. You QM; Romaniuk PJ Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5055-62 (1990) Block mutations were constructed in helical stems II, III, IV and V of Xenopus laevis oocyte 5S RNA. The affinities of these mutants for binding to transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) were determined u90384801 The zinc finger protein NGFI-A exists in both nuclear and cytoplasmic forms in nerve growth factor-stimulated PC12 cells. Day ML; Fahrner TJ; Aykent S; Milbrandt J J Biol Chem 265: 15253-60 (1990) The NGFI-A gene, which encodes a zinc finger protein with a predicted molecular mass of congruent to 54 kDa, is rapidly activated in PC12 cells by nerve growth factor (NGF). As a transcription factor,90368710 Redox regulation of fos and jun DNA-binding activity in vitro. Abate C; Patel L; Rauscher FJ 3d; Curran T Science 249: 1157-61 (1990) The proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun function cooperatively as inducible transcription factors in signal transduction processes. Their protein products, Fos and Jun, form a heterodimeric complex that i90371323 Proton-linked contributions to site-specific interactions of lambda cI repressor and OR. Senear DF; Ackers GK Biochemistry 29: 6568-77 (1990) The effects of proton activity on the site-specific interactions of cI repressors with operator sites OR were studied by using DNase I footprint titration. Individual-site binding isotherms were obtai90373763 [Degree of chromatin activity and the RNA level in lymphocytes of popliteal lymph nodes of dogs after administration of an antigen] Golovatskii AS Arkh Anat Gistol Embriol 98: 61-6 (1990) In the experiment performed on 127 dogs by means of cytospectrofluorometric analysis, using fluorochrome acridine orange in dynamics up to 1 year, changes in the level of chromatin activation and RNA 90372798 Characteristics of the cAMP response unit. Montminy MR; Gonzalez GA; Yamamoto KK Metabolism 39: 6-12 (1990) Cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediates the hormonal stimulation of numerous cellular processes by regulating the phosphorylation of critical target proteins. In this report, we review current work suggesting that90384400 Wilms tumour: a developmental anomaly. Hastie ND; Bickmore W; Pritchard-Jones K; Porteous DJ; van Heyningen V Int Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund 20: 145-50 (1989) Wilms tumour (WT) is a developmental anomaly of the kidney which results from loss of function of at least one so called tumour suppressor gene on chromosome 11. The position of the gene at chromosome91170145 Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional analysis of the nosiheptide-resistance gene from Streptomyces actuosus. Li Y; Dosch DC; Strohl WR; Floss HG Gene 91: 9-17 (1990) The nucleotide (nt) sequence of a 2326-bp BamHI-PstI DNA fragment previously isolated from Streptomyces actuosus ATCC25421 that confers resistance to the thiopeptide antibiotics, nosiheptide (Nh) and 90382703 Characterization of a cAMP-regulated enhancer-binding protein. Habener JF; Meyer TE; Yun Y; Waeber G; Hoeffler JP Metabolism 39: 13-6 (1990) The transcription regulation of many hormone genes is modulated by intracellular second messengers such as cAMP. The cAMP response element binding protein, CREB, binds to the 8 base pair CRE enhancer,90384378 Transcriptional control of the expression of lipoprotein lipase gene by growth hormone in preadipocyte Ob1771 cells. Padines-Figueres A; Barcellini-Couget S; Dani C; Vannier C; Ailhaud G J Lipid Res 31: 1283-91 (1990) A direct and modulating effect of growth hormone (GH) on the regulation of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene has been shown in preadipocyte Ob1771 cells. Growth hormone acts as a modulator within the 90383612 Purification of the upstream element factor of the adenovirus-2 major late promoter from HeLa and yeast by sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography. Moncollin V; Gerard M; Egly JM J Chromatogr 510: 243-50 (1990) The purification to homogeneity of the Adenovirus-2 major late promoter (MLP) upstream element factor (UEF), a sequence specific transcription factor, which binds to upstream elements of various class90383256 Effect of a dominant inhibitory Ha-ras mutation on mitogenic signal transduction in NIH 3T3 cells. Cai H; Szeberenyi J; Cooper GM Mol Cell Biol 10: 5314-23 (1990) We used a dominant inhibitory mutation of c-Ha-ras which changes Ser-17 to Asn-17 in the gene product p21 [p21(Asn-17)Ha-ras] to investigate ras function in mitogenic signal transduction. An NIH 3T3 c90377221 Linkage of the erythroid transcription factor gene (Gf-1) to the proximal region of the X chromosome of mice. Chapman VM; Stephenson DA; Mullins LJ; Keitz BT; Disteche C; Orkin SH Genomics 9: 309-13 (1991) We have used a cDNA probe for mouse Gf-1 gene that encodes the erythroid cell transcription factor to identify genetic variation in genomic DNA between Mus species. The segregation of Gf-1 DNA variati91169535 A 22-amino-acid peptide restores DNA-binding activity to dimerization-defective mutants of the estrogen receptor. Lees JA; Fawell SE; White R; Parker MG Mol Cell Biol 10: 5529-31 (1990) We have identified residues within the estrogen receptor that are required for dimerization and high-affinity DNA binding. A 22-amino-acid peptide encompassing these residues was sufficient to restore90377245 Developmental regulation of expression of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) multigene family during mouse spermatogenesis. Thomas K; Del Mazo J; Eversole P; Bellve A; Hiraoka Y; Li SS; Simon M Development 109: 483-93 (1990) Expression of the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) genes during various stages of spermatogenesis was studied by using a combination of Northern blot analyses and in situ hybridization techniques. These st90382262 The promoter of the human interleukin-2 gene contains two octamer-binding sites and is partially activated by the expression of Oct-2. Kamps MP; Corcoran L; LeBowitz JH; Baltimore D Mol Cell Biol 10: 5464-72 (1990) The gene encoding interleukin-2 (IL-2) contains a sequence 52 to 326 nucleotides upstream of its transcriptional initiation site that promotes transcription in T cells that have been activated by cost90377237 Expression and activity of the POU transcription factor SCIP. Monuki ES; Kuhn R; Weinmaster G; Trapp BD; Lemke G Science 249: 1300-3 (1990) POU proteins have been shown to transcriptionally active cell-specific genes and to participate in the determination of cell fate. It is therefore thought that these proteins function in development t90378306 Dynamic alterations occur in the levels and composition of transcription factor AP-1 complexes after seizure. Sonnenberg JL; Macgregor-Leon PF; Curran T; Morgan JI Neuron 3: 359-65 (1989) Seizure causes a rapid and protracted increase in transcription factor AP-1 levels in the brain. The composition of AP-1 nucleoprotein complexes changes with time after seizure as a result of the sequ90380378 Interferon affects nuclear proteins in cells of clinically sensitive chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. Howard OM; Talpaz M; Kantarjian H; Seong D; Wedrychowski A; Paslidis N; Hester J; Cork A; Turpin J; Lopez-Berestein G; et al Blood 76: 1117-30 (1990) Cytoplasmic protein extracts from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells contained an activity that altered the electrophoretic mobility of complexes formed between nuclear proteins and the transcri90381353 Blood coagulation factors in human embryonic-fetal development: preferential expression of the FVII/tissue factor pathway. Hassan HJ; Leonardi A; Chelucci C; Mattia G; Macioce G; Guerriero R; Russo G; Mannucci PM; Peschle C Blood 76: 1158-64 (1990) The expression of a number of blood coagulation factors (F) (FX, FIX, FVIII, FVII, alpha-, beta-, gamma-fibrinogen chains, protein C, and antithrombin III [AT III]) was analyzed at RNA and protein lev90381357 Steroid receptors, transcription factors, and gene expression. AACR special conference in cancer research. Denner L; Ji HJ; Owen RD; Kato GJ; Clarke CL; Lee HY; Richardson PM; Pati UK Cancer Res 50: 6430-5 (1990) 90381729 Increased expression and DNA-binding activity of transcription factor Sp1 in doxorubicin-resistant HL-60 leukemia cells. Borellini F; Aquino A; Josephs SF; Glazer RI Mol Cell Biol 10: 5541-7 (1990) The processes responsible for the multidrug-resistant (Mdr) phenotype in Adriamycin (doxorubicin)-resistant HL-60 leukemia cells (HL-60/AR) are not defined. Since enhanced transcription of resistance-90377248 Regulated expression of nuclear genes by T3 RNA polymerase and lac repressor, using recombinant vaccinia virus vectors. Rodriguez D; Zhou YW; Rodriguez JR; Durbin RK; Jimenez V; McAllister WT; Esteban M J Virol 64: 4851-7 (1990) Recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the bacteriophage T3 RNA polymerase (VV-T3pol) or the Escherichia coli lac repressor (VV-lacI) under control of the early-late vaccinia promoter P7.5 were con90376439 fos-jun Conspiracy: implications for the cell. Verma IM; Ransone LJ; Visvader J; Sassone-Corsi P; Lamph WW Int Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund 20: 119-26 (1989) Two nuclear oncoproteins, fos and jun (AP-1), cooperate in forming a very stable heterodimeric complex that binds to the AP-1 site with increased affinity. The 'leucine zipper' domain of both fos and 91170142 GLI3 encodes a 190-kilodalton protein with multiple regions of GLI similarity. Ruppert JM; Vogelstein B; Arheden K; Kinzler KW Mol Cell Biol 10: 5408-15 (1990) The GLI oncogene, discovered by virtue of its amplification in human tumors, encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein containing five zinc fingers. We have now characterized one member of a fam90377231 The relationship of growth rate and catabolite repression with WHI2 expression and cell size in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mountain HA; Sudbery PE J Gen Microbiol 136 ( Pt 4): 733-7 (1990) Mixtures of D-glucosamine and glucose were used to slow the growth of wild-type and whi2 mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae without affecting the level of catabolite repression. The following 90376073 Gene transcription during in vitro activation of human B lymphocytes with Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain. Boumpas DT; Anastassiou ED; Tsokos GC; Thyphronitis G; Balow JE J Immunol 145: 2701-5 (1990) With the use of nuclear transcription run-off assays we have determined the kinetics of transcriptional activity for the c-fos, c-myc, DR beta, DQ beta, (TfR), Blast-1, and Ig kappa genes in human ton91010750 Transforming growth factors beta 1 and 2 transcriptionally regulate human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 early gene expression in HPV-immortalized human genital epithelial cells. Woodworth CD; Notario V; DiPaolo JA J Virol 64: 4767-75 (1990) Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) early proteins E6 and E7 have been implicated in maintenance of the malignant phenotype in cervical cancer. Transforming growth factors beta one and two (TGF betas90376429 Purification of a mouse nuclear factor that binds to both the A and B cores of the polyomavirus enhancer. Kamachi Y; Ogawa E; Asano M; Ishida S; Murakami Y; Satake M; Ito Y; Shigesada K J Virol 64: 4808-19 (1990) We have previously identified a protein factor, PEBP2 (polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein), in the nuclear extract from mouse NIH 3T3 cells which binds to the sequence motif, PEA2, located within t90376434 Cloning, sequence, and photoregulation of al-1, a carotenoid biosynthetic gene of Neurospora crassa. Schmidhauser TJ; Lauter FR; Russo VE; Yanofsky C Mol Cell Biol 10: 5064-70 (1990) Carotenoid biosynthesis is regulated by blue light during growth of Neurospora crassa mycelia. We have cloned the al-1 gene of N. crassa encoding the carotenoid-biosynthetic enzyme phytoene dehydrogen90377195 The oncogenicity of jun. Vogt PK; Bos TJ; Mitsunobu F; Nishimura T; Monteclaro FS; Su HY Int Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund 20: 127-34 (1989) The oncogenic transforming potential of the jun oncogene was investigated with viral constructs that contain various terminal deletions of v-jun, c-jun and recombinants between the viral and cellular 91170143 The C6 zinc finger and adjacent amino acids determine DNA-binding specificity and affinity in the yeast activator proteins LAC9 and PPR1. Witte MM; Dickson RC Mol Cell Biol 10: 5128-37 (1990) LAC9 is a DNA-binding protein that regulates transcription of the lactose-galactose regulon in Kluyveromyces lactis. The DNA-binding domain is composed of a zinc finger and nearby amino acids (M. M. W90377202 DNA repair at the level of the gene: molecular and clinical considerations. Bohr VA J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 116: 384-91 (1990) DNA repair is an important process. It is as essential for the cell as is transcription and replication. There is evidence that deficient DNA repair processes lead to human disease including cancer, a90361724 31P NMR spectra of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide duplex lac operator-repressor headpiece complex. Karslake C; Schroeder S; Wang PL; Gorenstein DG Biochemistry 29: 6578-84 (1990) The interaction of a symmetric lac operator duplex, d(TGTGAGCGCTCACA)2, with the N-terminal 56-residue headpiece fragment of the lac repressor protein was monitored by 31P NMR spectroscopy. The change90373764 A point mutation at tyrosine-809 in the human colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor impairs mitogenesis without abrogating tyrosine kinase activity, association with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, or iRoussel MF; Shurtleff SA; Downing JR; Sherr CJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 6738-42 (1990) Substitution of phenylalanine for tyrosine-809 in the human colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF-1R) inhibited its ability to transduce ligand-dependent mitogenic signals in mouse NIH 3T3 cells. 90370860 [The role of inducing factors in early embryonic development] Grunz H Ontogenez 21: 229-41 (1990) In the field of early embryonic induction and differentiation we can observe an exponential increase of research activities over the last three years. The reasons for this rapid exploration are the ap90370353 NF-kappa B, KBF1, dorsal, and related matters. Gilmore TD Cell 62: 841-3 (1990) 90367115 Interleukin 1 inhibits insulin secretion from isolated rat pancreatic islets by a process that requires gene transcription and mRNA translation. Hughes JH; Colca JR; Easom RA; Turk J; McDaniel ML J Clin Invest 86: 856-63 (1990) Recombinant human IL 1 beta inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets and from purified beta-cells obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of dispersed 90369004 Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the repressor for the histidine utilization genes of Pseudomonas putida. Allison SL; Phillips AT J Bacteriol 172: 5470-6 (1990) The hutC gene of Pseudomonas putida encodes a repressor which, in combination with the inducer urocanate, regulates expression of the five structural genes necessary for conversion of histidine to glu90368610 Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the repressor for the histidine utilization genes of Klebsiella aerogenes. Schwacha A; Bender RA J Bacteriol 172: 5477-81 (1990) The hutC gene of Klebsiella aerogenes encodes a repressor that regulates expression of the histidine utilization (hut) operons. The DNA sequence of a region known to contain hutC was determined and sh90368611 Tumor necrosis factors-alpha and -beta bind to the same two types of tumor necrosis factor receptors and maximally activate the transcription factor NF-kappa B at low receptor occupancy and within minHohmann HP; Remy R; Poschl B; van Loon AP J Biol Chem 265: 15183-8 (1990) HL60 cells have types A and B tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors whereas HEp2 cells have only the type B receptor (Hohmann, H.-P., Remy, R., Brockhaus, M., and van Loon, A.P.G.M. (1989) J. Biol. Ch90368700 Are myc proteins transcription factors? Collum RG; Alt FW Cancer Cells 2: 69-75 (1990) Expression of the myc family of cellular proto-oncogenes is critical for determining the proliferative, differentiative, and oncogenic potential of a wide variety of cell types. Despite a large body o90359487 How Trp repressor binds to its operator. Staacke D; Walter B; Kisters-Woike B; v. Wilcken-Bergman B; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 9: 3023 (1990) 90361018 Behind the Fos and Jun leucine zipper. Kouzarides T; Ziff E Cancer Cells 1: 71-6 (1989) The production of the nuclear oncoproteins Fos and Jun is rapidly induced in response to extracellular signals. In the nucleus, the two proteins combine to form a tight complex via leucine zipper doma90366179 Tissue-specific expression of the heat shock protein HSP27 during Drosophila melanogaster development. Pauli D; Tonka CH; Tissieres A; Arrigo AP J Cell Biol 111: 817-28 (1990) The alpha-crystallin-related heat shock (stress) protein hsp27 is expressed in absence of heat shock during Drosophila melanogaster development. Here, we describe the tissue distribution of this prote90361760 A new transcription element in the JC virus enhancer. Tamura T; Aoyama A; Inoue T; Miura M; Mikoshiba K J Gen Virol 71 ( Pt 8): 1829-33 (1990) The enhancer of JC virus restricts its gene expression to the brain. In a previous study, we demonstrated an enhancer element, nuclear factor I (NFI) motif, in the middle of the enhancer. Here, we dem90362072 A prominent serine-rich region in Vmw175, the major transcriptional regulator protein of herpes simplex virus type 1, is not essential for virus growth in tissue culture. Paterson T; Everett RD J Gen Virol 71 ( Pt 8): 1775-83 (1990) Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes five immediate early (IE) genes of which at least three are involved in the transcriptional regulation of later classes of viral genes. Perhaps the most imp90362064 A distal dimerization domain is essential for DNA-binding by the atypical HNF1 homeodomain. Chouard T; Blumenfeld M; Bach I; Vandekerckhove J; Cereghini S; Yaniv M Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5853-63 (1990) Hepatic Nuclear Factor 1 (HNF1, also referred to as LFB1, HP1 or APF) is a liver-specific transcription factor required for the expression of many hepatocyte specific genes. We report here the purific91016926 The interaction of a c-Jun/Fos related protein factor with the U3 sequences of the mouse mammary tumor virus LTR. Siddique HR; Sarkar NH Biochem Biophys Res Commun 172: 348-56 (1990) Using polyacrylamide gel mobility shift assay we have detected a nuclear factor (NF-S) in a mouse mammary tumor cell line (GR) that binds to an upstream sequence domain (-766 to -737) near the 5'-end 91025066 Estrous cycle dependent regulation of peptidylarginine deiminase transcripts in female rat pituitary. Watanabe K; Hikichi K; Nagata S; Senshu T Biochem Biophys Res Commun 172: 28-34 (1990) Northern blot hybridization demonstrated 4.5-5.0 kilobase peptidylarginine deiminase mRNA in poly (A)+ RNA-enriched fractions of both male and female pituitaries. Dot blot analysis of total RNA fracti91025055 Decreased heat shock response upon adipose differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. Liu AY; Choi HS; Bae-Lee MS Biochem Biophys Res Commun 172: 1-7 (1990) In order to gain a better understanding of the regulation of heat shock gene (hsp) expression in terminal cell differentiation, we evaluated the effects of heat shock on the synthesis of HSPs, the abu91025025 Regulation of human renin expression in chorion cell primary cultures. Duncan KG; Haidar MA; Baxter JD; Reudelhuber TL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 7588-92 (1990) The human renin gene is expressed in the kidney, placenta, and several other sites. The release of renin or its precursor, prorenin, can be affected by several regulatory agents. In this study, primar91017550 Transcriptional control. Scissors and helical forks [news; comment] Sauer RT Nature 347: 514-5 (1990) 91015352 Astrocytes and glioblastoma cells express novel octamer-DNA binding proteins distinct from the ubiquitous Oct-1 and B cell type Oct-2 proteins. Schreiber E; Harshman K; Kemler I; Malipiero U; Schaffner W; Fontana A Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5495-503 (1990) The 'octamer' sequence, ATGCAAAT or its complement ATTTGCAT, is a key element for the transcriptional regulation of immunoglobulin genes in B-lymphocytes as well as a number of housekeeping genes in a91016834 Dwarf locus mutants lacking three pituitary cell types result from mutations in the POU-domain gene pit-1. Li S; Crenshaw EB 3d; Rawson EJ; Simmons DM; Swanson LW; Rosenfeld MG Nature 347: 528-33 (1990) Mutations at the mouse dwarf locus (dw) interrupt the normal development of the anterior pituitary gland, resulting in the loss of expression of growth hormone, prolactin and thyroid-stimulating hormo91015356 ARS binding factor 1 binds adjacent to RAP1 at the UASs of the yeast glycolytic genes PGK and PYK1. Chambers A; Stanway C; Tsang JS; Henry Y; Kingsman AJ; Kingsman SM Nucleic Acids Res 18: 5393-9 (1990) The UAS of the yeast gene encoding the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) contains several different sequence elements involved in transcriptional activation. These elements include the a91016820 Altered protein conformation on DNA binding by Fos and Jun[see comments] Patel L; Abate C; Curran T Nature 347: 572-5 (1990) The protein products of the c-fos and c-jun proto-oncogenes (Fos and Jun, respectively) form a heterodimeric protein complex that interacts with the activator protein-1 (AP-1) binding site and regulat91015365 Folding transition in the DNA-binding domain of GCN4 on specific binding to DNA [see comments] Weiss MA; Ellenberger T; Wobbe CR; Lee JP; Harrison SC; Struhl K Nature 347: 575-8 (1990) Protein-DNA recognition is often mediated by a small domain containing a recognizable structural motif, such as the helix-turn-helix or the zinc-finger. These motifs are compact structures that dock a91015366 A potential role for c-jun in cell cycle progression through late G1 and S. Carter R; Cosenza SC; Pena A; Lipson K; Soprano DR; Soprano KJ Oncogene 6: 229-35 (1991) When the level of c-jun mRNA was analyzed in WI-38 human fibroblasts exciting short- and long-term quiescence, two peaks of c-jun mRNA accumulation were found. The first occurred one hour after stimul91156296 Transcription factors NFI and NFIII/oct-1 function independently, employing different mechanisms to enhance adenovirus DNA replication. Mul YM; Verrijzer CP; van der Vliet PC J Virol 64: 5510-8 (1990) Initiation of adenovirus DNA replication is strongly enhanced by two transcription factors, nuclear factor I (NFI) and nuclear factor III (NFIII/oct-1). These proteins bind to two closely spaced recog91012796 Immunoglobulin VH gene expression following hemorrhage. Abraham E; Andrade L; Freitas AA Mol Immunol 27: 921-7 (1990) Hemorrhage has multiple effects on immunologic response, including alteration of B cell repertoires. In limiting dilution studies, decreased absolute frequencies of splenic clonal precursors specific 91015094 Regulation of the human C-reactive protein gene, a major marker of inflammation and cancer. Toniatti C; Arcone R; Majello B; Ganter U; Arpaia G; Ciliberto G Mol Biol Med 7: 199-212 (1990) Human C-reactive protein (CRP) is the major acute phase reactant during inflammation. Regulation of CRP gene expression has been studied in two experimental systems: transgenic mice and human hepatoma91014671 Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) is expressed by spontaneously outgrown EBV-B cell lines and activated normal B lymphocytes. Reisbach G; Sindermann J; Kremer JP; Hultner L; Wolf H; Dormer P Blood 74: 959-64 (1989) Human B lymphocytes activated by mitogens or infected by Epstein Barr virus (EBV) have previously been shown to release colony-stimulating activity (CSA) supporting the growth of normal human bone mar89323487 Expression of colony-stimulating factor genes by normal human mesothelial cells and human malignant mesothelioma cells lines in vitro. Demetri GD; Zenzie BW; Rheinwald JG; Griffin JD Blood 74: 940-6 (1989) We investigated normal human mesothelial cells and human malignant mesothelioma cell lines for the ability to produce hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in culture. Early passage cultures89323484 Sequence and chromosomal location of the I-309 gene. Relationship to genes encoding a family of inflammatory cytokines. Miller MD; Wilson SD; Dorf ME; Seuanez HN; O'Brien SJ; Krangel MS J Immunol 145: 2737-44 (1990) We previously reported the isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone, I-309, that encodes a small secreted protein produced by activated human T lymphocytes. This protein is structurally related 91010756 Expression of ras oncogenes in cultured human cells alters the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of cytokine genes. Demetri GD; Ernst TJ; Pratt ES 2d; Zenzie BW; Rheinwald JG; Griffin JD J Clin Invest 86: 1261-9 (1990) Autonomous production of cytokines such as the hematopoietic colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), IL-1, or IL-6 has been demonstrated in numerous human and murine neoplasms, and may be involved in the p91009833 Butyrate blocks the accumulation of CDC2 mRNA in late G1 phase but inhibits both the early and late G1 progression in chemically transformed mouse fibroblasts BP-A31. Charollais RH; Buquet C; Mester J J Cell Physiol 145: 46-52 (1990) Sodium butyrate (6 mM) blocks the resumption of the cell division cycle in serum-deprived chemically transformed Balb/c-3T3 mouse fibroblasts (BP-A31). The inhibition of G1 progression by sodium butyr91009521 Triiodothyronine stimulates transcription of the fatty acid synthase gene in chick embryo hepatocytes in culture. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor amplify that effect. Stapleton SR; Mitchell DA; Salati LM; Goodridge AG J Biol Chem 265: 18442-6 (1990) Hepatic fatty acid synthase is regulated by nutritional state. Starvation decreases and refeeding increases the activity of avian fatty acid synthase, principally by regulating transcription of the ge91009341 Characterization of the equilibrium binding of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA to the 5 S RNA gene. Romaniuk PJ J Biol Chem 265: 17593-600 (1990) A nitrocellulose filter-binding assay has been developed to study the interaction of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) with its specific binding site on the 5 S RNA gene. The protein binds to91009214 A novel transglutaminase-mediated post-translational modification of phospholipase A2 dramatically increases its catalytic activity. Cordella-Miele E; Miele L; Mukherjee AB J Biol Chem 265: 17180-8 (1990) Transglutaminases (TG), which include coagulation Factor XIIIa, are calcium-dependent ubiquitous enzymes. TGs catalyze the formation of an isopeptide bond by cross-linking a specific glutamine and a l91009149 Expression of IL-6 in normal individuals and in patients with autoimmune disease. Tovey MG; Gresser I; Blanchard B; Guymarho J Ann N Y Acad Sci 557: 363-71; discussion 371-3 (1989) 89285908 Role of myc in the abrogation of IL3 dependence of myeloid FDC-P1 cells. Dean M; Cleveland JL; Rapp UR; Ihle JN Oncogene Res 1: 279-96 (1987) We have constructed a recombinant retrovirus containing the murine c-myc and the neo gene and introduced the virus into the interleukin-3 (IL3) dependent myeloid cell line FDC-P1. Unregulated expressi88217327 Characterization of a new erythroid/megakaryocyte-specific nuclear factor that binds the promoter of the housekeeping human glycophorin C gene. Colin Y; Joulin V; Le Van Kim C; Romeo PH; Cartron JP J Biol Chem 265: 16729-32 (1990) Human glycophorin C (GPC) is an integral membrane protein found in many cell types but which exhibits increased expression in red cells. We have investigated the in vitro binding of nuclear protein fa91009082 CSF-1-induced gene expression in macrophages: dissociation from the mitogenic response. Orlofsky A; Stanley ER EMBO J 6: 2947-52 (1987) Early gene expression associated with the mitogenic response to colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) has been examined in BAC1.2F5, a CSF-1-dependent murine macrophage cell line. Stimulation of arreste88082665 Mutational analysis of the VirG protein, a transcriptional activator of Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence genes. Roitsch T; Wang H; Jin SG; Nester EW J Bacteriol 172: 6054-60 (1990) The VirG protein of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is required in conjunction with the VirA protein for transcriptional activation of the virulence (vir) genes in response to plant phenolic compounds. Thes91008985 Mutations in the Drosophila gene extradenticle affect the way specific homeo domain proteins regulate segmental identity. Peifer M; Wieschaus E Genes Dev 4: 1209-23 (1990) We characterized a gene, extradenticle, which seems to interact with a specific subset of Drosophila homeo domain proteins, possibly affecting their target specificity. This interpretation is based on91007264 Cloning of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe TFIID gene reveals a strong conservation of functional domains present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae TFIID. Hoffmann A; Horikoshi M; Wang CK; Schroeder S; Weil PA; Roeder RG Genes Dev 4: 1141-8 (1990) The gene encoding the Schizosaccharomyces pombe TATA box-binding factor (TFIID) was cloned and sequenced. The gene contains three introns and codes for a polypeptide of 231 amino acids. The cDNA-expre91007258 Human CSF-1: gene structure and alternative splicing of mRNA precursors. Ladner MB; Martin GA; Noble JA; Nikoloff DM; Tal R; Kawasaki ES; White TJ EMBO J 6: 2693-8 (1987) Bone marrow progenitor cells differentiate into mononuclear phagocytes in the presence of colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). Characterization of the human CSF-1 gene shows that it contains 10 exons 88054965 The complete primary structure of two distinct forms of human alpha 1 (IX) collagen chains. Muragaki Y; Kimura T; Ninomiya Y; Olsen BR Eur J Biochem 192: 703-8 (1990) Type IX collagen molecules contain three genetically distinct subunits. One of the subunits, alpha 2(IX), contains a covalently attached glycosaminoglycan side chain. A second subunit, alpha 1 (IX), h91006164 Chromosomal gene structure of human myeloperoxidase and regulation of its expression by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Morishita K; Tsuchiya M; Asano S; Kaziro Y; Nagata S J Biol Chem 262: 15208-13 (1987) By using the full-length cDNA as a probe, the chromosomal gene for human myeloperoxidase was isolated from a human gene library. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of the chromosomal gene with that88033106 Proteins that bind to Drosophila chorion cis-regulatory elements: a new C2H2 zinc finger protein and a C2C2 steroid receptor-like component. Shea MJ; King DL; Conboy MJ; Mariani BD; Kafatos FC Genes Dev 4: 1128-40 (1990) Gel mobility-shift assays have been used to identify proteins that bind specifically to the promoter region of the Drosophila s15 chorion gene. These proteins are present in nuclear extracts of ovaria91007257 The hematopoietic growth factor KL is encoded by the Sl locus and is the ligand of the c-kit receptor, the gene product of the W locus. Huang E; Nocka K; Beier DR; Chu TY; Buck J; Lahm HW; Wellner D; Leder P; Besmer P Cell 63: 225-33 (1990) Mutations at the steel locus (Sl) of the mouse affect the same cellular targets as mutations at the white spotting locus (W), which is allelic with the c-kit proto-oncogene. We show that KL, a hematop91004221 Developmental ocular disease in GM-CSF transgenic mice is mediated by autostimulated macrophages. Cuthbertson RA; Lang RA Dev Biol 134: 119-29 (1989) The eyes of transgenic mice aberrantly expressing the murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene contain an additional population of phagocytic cells which perturb ocular de89276718 Release of tumor necrosis factor by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Djeu JY; Serbousek D; Blanchard DK Blood 76: 1405-9 (1990) Evidence is presented that human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) can be induced to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Other investigators have previously reported that TNF has been induced from 91002896 Identification of a ligand for the c-kit proto-oncogene. Williams DE; Eisenman J; Baird A; Rauch C; Van Ness K; March CJ; Park LS; Martin U; Mochizuki DY; Boswell HS; et al Cell 63: 167-74 (1990) We report the purification and N-terminal amino acid sequence of a novel mast cell growth factor, termed MGF, from the supernatants of a murine stromal cell line. A panel of interleukin 3-dependent ce91004215 A novel transcriptional regulatory factor that binds to the polyoma virus enhancer in a developmental stage-specific manner. Hirano T; Iwakura Y Biochimie 72: 327-36 (1990) By using gel mobility shift assay, it was shown that the nuclear extract from F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells contains a novel transcriptional regulatory factor, BF-H, that binds to the 5' upstream 91002720 Selective regulation of the activity of different hematopoietic regulatory proteins by transforming growth factor beta 1 in normal and leukemic myeloid cells. Lotem J; Sachs L Blood 76: 1315-22 (1990) The viability of normal bone marrow myeloid precursor cells induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-1 alpha and the ability of IL-6 and IL-1 alpha to induce the formation of colonies of granulocytes, ma91002882 Translation initiation factor-dependent extracts from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Altmann M; Blum S; Pelletier J; Sonenberg N; Wilson TM; Trachsel H Biochim Biophys Acta 1050: 155-9 (1990) Translation initiation factor 4A- and 4E-dependent extracts were developed from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and used to study factor requirements for translation of individual mRNAs in vitro. Whereas all91002634 Expression of the M-CSF (CSF-1) gene by human monocytes. Rambaldi A; Young DC; Griffin JD Blood 69: 1409-13 (1987) Monocyte colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF, CSF-1) is a macrophage lineage-specific growth factor. Northern blot analysis using a human M-CSF cDNA probe and a specific bioassay for human M-CSF were use87185829 cis-acting sequences involved in the translational control of GCN4 expression. Miller PF; Hinnebusch AG Biochim Biophys Acta 1050: 151-4 (1990) Four short upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the mRNA leader are required for the translational control of GCN4 expression in response to amino acid availability. Data are reviewed demonstrating91002633 Replication of sonchus yellow net virus in infected protoplasts. Jones RW; Jackson AO Virology 179: 815-20 (1990) Tobacco (Nicotiana edwardsonii and N. benthamiana) protoplasts infected with the plant rhabdovirus sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV) were found to be suitable for studies of replication. SYNV messenger 91049448 Cloning and tissue-specific expression of mouse macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA. Rajavashisth TB; Eng R; Shadduck RK; Waheed A; Ben-Avram CM; Shively JE; Lusis AJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 1157-61 (1987) Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) stimulates the production of macrophages from bone marrow progenitor cells. We have identified a cDNA clone for murine CSF-1 by antibody screening of a mou87147232 Ultraviolet B radiation induction of ornithine decarboxylase gene expression in mouse epidermis. Rosen CF; Gajic D; Jia Q; Drucker DJ Biochem J 270: 565-8 (1990) The cellular effects of u.v. radiation have been studied by using a hairless-mouse model in vivo. U.v. B radiation (u.v.B) induced the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in mouse epi91054341 The regulation and expression of MHC class I genes. David-Watine B; Israel A; Kourilsky P Immunol Today 11: 286-92 (1990) The expression of mouse MHC class I genes and their products in vivo reveals complex patterns of regulation. Different promoter elements, which are required for gene activation or modulation in respon91000202 Expression of the macrophage specific colony-stimulating factor (CSF-1) during human monocytic differentiation. Horiguchi J; Warren MK; Ralph P; Kufe D Biochem Biophys Res Commun 141: 924-30 (1986) We and others have previously demonstrated expression of the co-fms proto-oncogene during human monocytic differentiation. The c-fms gene has since been shown to encode for the macrophage specific col87128060 Rap gene products mobilize a different metabolic pathway than P21 ras proteins. Schweighoffer F; Rey I; Barlat I; Soubigou P; Mayaux JF; Tocque B Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res 24: 329-34 (1990) 91000908 Translation initiation factors that function as RNA helicases from mammals, plants and yeast. Jaramillo M; Browning K; Dever TE; Blum S; Trachsel H; Merrick WC; Ravel JM; Sonenberg N Biochim Biophys Acta 1050: 134-9 (1990) Ribosome binding to eukaryotic mRNAs requires the concerted action of three eukaryotic initiation factors: eIF-4A, eIF-4B and eIF-4F as well as the hydrolysis of ATP. These initiation factors are impl91002629 Cellular and molecular biology of hepatocyte growth, regeneration and gene expression. Leffert HL; Koch KS; Lu XP; Brenner DA; Karin M; Skelly HF; Rippe RA; Fey G; Chojkier M Adv Second Messenger Phosphoprotein Res 24: 352-8 (1990) 91000912 Amaizing results. Birchler J Trends Genet 6: 231-3 (1990) 91048850 Interleukin-3 and phorbol esters induce different patterns of immediate-early gene expression in an interleukin-3 dependent cell line. McCubrey JA; Steelman LS; McKearn JP Oncogene Res 6: 1-12 (1991) The myeloid interleukin-3 (IL-3) dependent cell line, FDC-P1, enters the G0 stage of the cell cycle after IL-3 deprivation for 24 hr. The expression of 13 protooncogenes and immediate-early genes was 91149074 Regulation of gene expression with double-stranded phosphorothioate oligonucleotides. Bielinska A; Shivdasani RA; Zhang LQ; Nabel GJ Science 250: 997-1000 (1990) Alteration of gene transcription by inhibition of specific transcriptional regulatory proteins is necessary for determining how these factors participate in cellular differentiation. The functions of 91048014 Region-specific neural induction of an engrailed protein by anterior notochord in Xenopus. Hemmati-Brivanlou A; Stewart RM; Harland RM Science 250: 800-2 (1990) Anterior-specific neural induction can be assayed by means of an antibody that recognizes the Xenopus homeobox-containing protein En-2. The En-2 antigen is an excellent early marker, since it is prese91047991 Development and cancer: common themes? [editorial] Levens D Lab Invest 63: 429-31 (1990) 91040692 Differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells induced by the c-jun and activated c-Ha-ras oncogenes. Yamaguchi-Iwai Y; Satake M; Murakami Y; Sakai M; Muramatsu M; Ito Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 8670-4 (1990) The activated c-Ha-ras oncogene induced AP1-site DNA-binding activity in F9 cells. This induction appeared to be due, at least in part, to the induction of c-jun transcription. Both activated c-Ha-ras91046056 DNA-binding and dimerization domains of adenosine 3',5'- cyclic monophosphate-responsive protein CREB reside in the carboxyl-terminal 66 amino acids. Yun YD; Dumoulin M; Habener JF Mol Endocrinol 4: 931-9 (1990) The expression of genes in response to cAMP is mediated by one or more trans-activator proteins, CREBs, that bind to cAMP-responsive enhancers (CREs) of the general motif 5'-TGACGTCA-3'. The carboxyl-91042628 Interleukin 1 induces beta-endorphin secretion via Fos and Jun in AtT-20 pituitary cells. Fagarasan MO; Aiello F; Muegge K; Durum S; Axelrod J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 7871-4 (1990) Previous work had shown that interleukin 1 (IL-1), after a long period of treatment, stimulates beta-endorphin release and potentiates the effects of secretagogues in AtT-20 cells, a mouse anterior pi91045899 Introduction of nerve growth factor (NGF) receptors into a medulloblastoma cell line results in expression of high- and low-affinity NGF receptors but not NGF-mediated differentiation. Pleasure SJ; Reddy UR; Venkatakrishnan G; Roy AK; Chen J; Ross AH; Trojanowski JQ; Pleasure DE; Lee VM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 8496-500 (1990) Expression of the cloned human nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) cDNA in cell lines can generate both high- and low-affinity binding sites. Since the inability to respond appropriately to differenti91046024 Protein-DNA conformational changes in the crystal structure of a lambda Cro-operator complex. Brennan RG; Roderick SL; Takeda Y; Matthews BW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 8165-9 (1990) The structure of a complex of bacteriophage lambda Cro protein with a 17-base-pair operator has been determined at 3.9-A resolution. Isomorphous derivatives obtained by the synthesis of site-specific 91045958 Estrogen receptor level determines sex-specific in vitro transcription from the Xenopus vitellogenin promoter. Corthesy B; Claret FX; Wahli W Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 7878-82 (1990) Female-specific expression of the Xenopus laevis vitellogenin gene was reconstituted in vitro by addition of recombinant vaccinia-virus-produced estrogen receptor to nuclear extracts from male livers,91045900 Inducibility of the HS II enhancer depends on binding of an erythroid specific nuclear protein. Ney PA; Sorrentino BP; Lowrey CH; Nienhuis AW Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6011-7 (1990) An erythroid specific, inducible enhancer associated with hypersensitive site II (HS II) plays a central role in the function of the human beta globin dominant control region. The HS II enhancer consi91045061 Differential effects of the adenovirus E1A oncogene on members of the AP-1 transcription factor family. van Dam H; Offringa R; Meijer I; Stein B; Smits AM; Herrlich P; Bos JL; van der Eb AJ Mol Cell Biol 10: 5857-64 (1990) The adenovirus early region 1A (E1A) oncogene interferes with the expression level and activity of the AP-1 transcription factor family. E1A abolished the transactivating function of AP-1 (Jun/Fos), w91042515 Regulation of lymphokine messenger RNA stability by a surface-mediated T cell activation pathway. Lindstein T; June CH; Ledbetter JA; Stella G; Thompson CB Science 244: 339-43 (1989) Quiescent T cells can be induced to express many genes by mitogen or antigen stimulation. The messenger RNAs of some of these genes undergo relatively rapid degradation compared to messenger RNAs from89222447 NF-X2 that binds to the DRA X2-box is activator protein 1. Expression cloning of c-Jun. Andersson G; Peterlin BM J Immunol 145: 3456-62 (1990) Human class II MHC Ag are a family of cell surface glycoproteins. Their constitutive expression is limited to B lymphocytes and thymic epithelial cells. In many other cells their expression can be ind91036996 Interferon-alpha regulates nuclear translocation and DNA-binding affinity of ISGF3, a multimeric transcriptional activator. Kessler DS; Veals SA; Fu XY; Levy DE Genes Dev 4: 1753-65 (1990) The interaction of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) with a specific cell-surface receptor elicits physiological changes that rely on rapid transcriptional activation of a group of IFN-alpha-stimulated gen91065521 In vivo and in vitro mutants of FNR the anaerobic transcriptional regulator of E. coli. Sharrocks AD; Green J; Guest JR FEBS Lett 270: 119-22 (1990) FNR regulates the expression of target genes in response to anaerobiosis. It resembles the catabolite gene activator or cAMP-receptor protein (CRP) except for the presence of an N-terminal cysteine cl91031992 Expression and characterization of an active human estrogen receptor as a ubiquitin fusion protein from Escherichia coli. Wittliff JL; Wenz LL; Dong J; Nawaz Z; Butt TR J Biol Chem 265: 22016-22 (1990) The gene coding for the human estrogen receptor protein was expressed as a ubiquitin fusion under the control of the lambda PL promoter in Escherichia coli. Analysis of extracts by Western blot showed91072415 In vivo footprint and methylation analysis by PCR-aided genomic sequencing: comparison of active and inactive X chromosomal DNA at the CpG island and promoter of human PGK-1. Pfeifer GP; Tanguay RL; Steigerwald SD; Riggs AD Genes Dev 4: 1277-87 (1990) The promoter region of the X-linked human phosphoglycerate kinase-1 (PGK-1) gene is a CpG island, similar to those often found near autosomal genes. We used ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction91032980 Phosphate control of pabS gene transcription during candicidin biosynthesis. Asturias JA; Liras P; Martin JF Gene 93: 79-84 (1990) The pabS gene of Streptomyces griseus IMRU3570 encodes the enzyme p-aminobenzoic acid synthase, which synthesizes p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a precursor of the antibiotic candicidin (Cd). The pabS tr91033020 Structure and methylation patterns of the gene encoding human carbonic anhydrase I. Lowe N; Brady HJ; Barlow JH; Sowden JC; Edwards M; Butterworth PH Gene 93: 277-83 (1990) The gene (CAI) encoding human carbonic anhydrase I (CAI) has been isolated and shown to have a total length of 50 kb. Some 36 kb of this consists of a large intron separating the erythroid-specific pr91033039 Pretranslational control by thyroid hormone of rat liver steroid 5 alpha-reductase and comparison to the thyroid dependence of two growth hormone-regulated CYP2C mRNAs. Ram PA; Waxman DJ J Biol Chem 265: 19223-9 (1990) The sexually differentiated microsomal enzyme steroid 5 alpha-reductase (NADPH: delta 4-3-oxosteroid 5 alpha-oxido-reductase, EC 1.3.99.5) catalyzes the NADPH-dependent conversion of testosterone to 591035456 Increased levels of junB and c-jun mRNAs in male germ cells following testicular cell dissociation. Maximal stimulation in prepuberal animals. Alcivar AA; Hake LE; Hardy MP; Hecht NB J Biol Chem 265: 20160-5 (1990) We have examined the relative transcript levels of the junB and c-jun proto-oncogenes during development of the mouse testis. junB and c-jun mRNA levels are low in total RNA from intact immature or ma91056053 The fork head domain: a novel DNA binding motif of eukaryotic transcription factors? [letter] Weigel D; Jackle H Cell 63: 455-6 (1990) 91029477 Structural analysis of the rabbit TNF locus, containing the genes encoding TNF-beta (lymphotoxin) and TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor). Shakhov AN; Kuprash DV; Azizov MM; Jongeneel CV; Nedospasov SA Gene 95: 215-21 (1990) The genes coding for 20-kDa lymphotoxin (TNF-beta) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) have been cloned from a rabbit genomic library. The two genes are tandemly arranged and separated by only 1 kb 91065534 Differential response of nontumorigenic and tumorigenic human papillomavirus type 16-positive epithelial cells to transforming growth factor beta 1. Braun L; Durst M; Mikumo R; Gruppuso P Cancer Res 50: 7324-32 (1990) The transforming growth factor (TGF) beta s are multifunctional polypeptide growth factors with diverse biological effects, including inhibition of epithelial cell proliferation both in vitro and in v91029204 Promoter of the adenovirus polypeptide IX gene: similarity to E1B and inactivation by substitution of the simian virus 40 TATA element. Babiss LE; Vales LD J Virol 65: 598-605 (1991) The promoter of the adenovirus polypeptide IX (pIX) gene consists of an SP1 binding site and a TATA box and is remarkably similar to the promoter of the E1B gene in which it is nested. Plasmid constru91101267 Induction of the c-fos proto-oncogene during opiate withdrawal in the locus coeruleus and other regions of rat brain. Hayward MD; Duman RS; Nestler EJ Brain Res 525: 256-66 (1990) Opiate regulation of the nuclear proto-oncogene c-fos was studied in the locus coeruleus (LC) and other regions of rat brain by immunoblotting, northern blotting, and in situ hybridization procedures.91070241 Overexpression of avian or mouse c-jun in primary chick embryo fibroblasts confers a partially transformed phenotype. Castellazzi M; Dangy JP; Mechta F; Hirai S; Yaniv M; Samarut J; Lassailly A; Brun G Oncogene 5: 1541-7 (1990) The coding sequences of avian (quail) or murine c-jun proto-oncogenes were introduced into a non-defective retroviral vector derived from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) in which c-jun replaces v-src. Primar91067190 Expression of homeobox genes in human erythroleukemia cells. Shen WF; Largman C; Lowney P; Hack FM; Lawrence HJ Adv Exp Med Biol 271: 211-9 (1989) Because homeobox-containing genes play a major role in embryogenesis and tissue identity in Drosophila and because similar genes encode tissue-specific transcription factors in mammalian cells, we hyp91076029 Expression in the central nervous system of a subset of the yema maternally acting genes during Drosophila embryogenesis. Post-embryonic expression extends to imaginal discs and spermatocytes. Ait-Ahmed O; Thomas-Cavallin M; Joblet C; Capri M Cell Differ Dev 31: 53-65 (1990) The yema gene region of Drosophila melanogaster is a cluster of maternally acting genes isolated in differential screens. At least ten transcripts are encoded by the yema gene region; most of them are91028806 Multiple mechanisms in the regulation of ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450IIE1. Koop DR; Tierney DJ Bioessays 12: 429-35 (1990) Cytochrome P450IIE1 is involved in the metabolic activation of many xenobiotics involved with human toxicity. In particular, cellular concentrations of P450IIE1 are significantly induced by the most w91076832 Promoter function and in situ protein/DNA interactions upstream of the yeast HSP90 heat shock genes. Gross DS; Adams CC; English KE; Collins KW; Lee S Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 58: 175-86 (1990) We have mapped in vivo protein/DNA interactions within the upstream regulatory regions of the two yeast HSP90 genes, and have begun mutagenizing footprinted sequences in an effort to identify the cis-91076511 Disruption of the human SCL locus by "illegitimate" V-(D)-J recombinase activity. Aplan PD; Lombardi DP; Ginsberg AM; Cossman J; Bertness VL; Kirsch IR Science 250: 1426-9 (1990) A fusion complementary DNA in the T cell line HSB-2 elucidates a provocative mechanism for the disruption of the putative hematopoietic transcription factor SCL. The fusion cDNA results from an inters91075236 Sequence requirements for coiled-coils: analysis with lambda repressor-GCN4 leucine zipper fusions. Hu JC; O'Shea EK; Kim PS; Sauer RT Science 250: 1400-3 (1990) A genetic system was developed in Escherichia coli to study leucine zippers with the amino-terminal domain of bacteriophage lambda repressor as a reporter for dimerization. This system was used to ana91075226 [Gene regulation and proto-oncogenes] Todokoro K; Ikawa Y Nippon Rinsho 48: 13-20 (1990) 91073707 [c-fos gene, c-jun gene] Nomura N Nippon Rinsho 48: 47-53 (1990) 91073734 [Functional characterization of c-myb gene product] Nakagoshi H; Nagase T; Ishii S Nippon Rinsho 48: 41-6 (1990) 91073733 Immediate-early gene expression differs between regenerating liver, insulin-stimulated H-35 cells, and mitogen-stimulated Balb/c 3T3 cells. Liver-specific induction patterns of gene 33, phosphoenolpyrMohn KL; Laz TM; Melby AE; Taub R J Biol Chem 265: 21914-21 (1990) Immediate-early genes, whose expression increases independent of de novo protein synthesis during the transition from quiescence to proliferation, are postulated to play important regulatory roles in 91072399 Primary structure of AfsR, a global regulatory protein for secondary metabolite formation in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). Horinouchi S; Kito M; Nishiyama M; Furuya K; Hong SK; Miyake K; Beppu T Gene 95: 49-56 (1990) The afsR gene of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) complements afsB mutations affecting production of pigmented antibiotics. It also directs pigment production in Streptomyces lividans when carried on a p91071605 Synergistic enhancement of globin gene expression by activator protein-1-like proteins. Moi P; Kan YW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9000-4 (1990) DNA sequences corresponding to the four major DNase I hypersensitive sites upstream of the beta-globin gene cluster are essential for the achievement of high levels of globin gene expression and devel91062407 A cis-acting element located between the cAMP response elements and CCAAT box augments cell-specific expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit gene. Andersen B; Kennedy GC; Nilson JH J Biol Chem 265: 21874-80 (1990) Several cis-acting elements interact through their cognate trans-acting factors to confer placenta-specific expression to the alpha subunit gene of glycoprotein hormones. These elements include two ta91072394 The translational activator GCN3 functions downstream from GCN1 and GCN2 in the regulatory pathway that couples GCN4 expression to amino acid availability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hannig EM; Williams NP; Wek RC; Hinnebusch AG Genetics 126: 549-62 (1990) The GCN4 protein of S. cerevisiae is a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes which are subject to general amino acid control. GCN3, a positive regulator required for increased GCN91065492 The transcription factor LAC9 from Kluyveromyces lactis-like GAL4 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae forms a Zn(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster. Pan T; Halvorsen YD; Dickson RC; Coleman JE J Biol Chem 265: 21427-9 (1990) The DNA binding domain of the transcription factor LAC9 contains 6 cysteine residues with spacing in the primary peptide sequence identical to that found in the DNA binding domain of the GAL4 transcri91072328 MHC class II regulatory factor RFX has a novel DNA-binding domain and a functionally independent dimerization domain. Reith W; Herrero-Sanchez C; Kobr M; Silacci P; Berte C; Barras E; Fey S; Mach B Genes Dev 4: 1528-40 (1990) The regulation of MHC class II gene expression controls T-cell activation and, hence, the immune response. Among the nuclear factors observed to bind to conserved DNA sequences in human leukocyte anti91071581 Fos, Jun and CREB basic-domain peptides have intrinsic DNA-binding activity enhanced by a novel stabilizing factor. Busch SJ; Sassone-Corsi P Oncogene 5: 1549-56 (1990) Transcription factors with a 'leucine zipper' (LZ) domain bind to DNA cis-elements, often with palindromic structures. DNA-binding by such factors requires the presence of highly basic regions in the 91067191 The promoter of the human gene for insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1. Basal promoter activity in HEP G2 cells depends upon liver factor B1. Suwanichkul A; Cubbage ML; Powell DR J Biol Chem 265: 21185-93 (1990) Characterization of the human insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) promoter was initiated to facilitate study of developmental and hormonal factors regulating IGFBP-1 production. The91065933 The HAP2 subunit of yeast CCAAT transcriptional activator contains adjacent domains for subunit association and DNA recognition: model for the HAP2/3/4 complex. Olesen JT; Guarente L Genes Dev 4: 1714-29 (1990) Budding yeast HAP2 is required in concert with HAP3 and HAP4 to form a heterotrimeric CCAAT-binding transcriptional activation complex at the UAS2 element of CYC1. Functional homologs of HAP2 and HAP391065518 A polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein, PEBP5, responsive to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate but distinct from AP-1. Asano M; Murakami Y; Furukawa K; Yamaguchi-Iwai Y; Satake M; Ito Y J Virol 64: 5927-38 (1990) Element I, homologous to the adenovirus type 5 E1A enhancer core, is a 10-bp sequence in the A core of the polyomavirus enhancer and was shown previously to be responsive to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-91056562 Specific in vitro amplified probe detects the E2A gene rearrangement in the t(1;19) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Jonveaux P; Bernard O; Hillion J; Berger R Leukemia 4: 808-10 (1990) Molecular studies have recently demonstrated that the E2A transcription factor gene was consistently located on chromosome 19 at the breakpoint of the 1;19(q23;p13) translocation, which characterizes 91056734 Two adjacent C/EBP-binding sequences that participate in the cell-specific expression of the mouse serum amyloid A3 gene. Li XX; Huang JH; Rienhoff HY Jr; Liao WS Mol Cell Biol 10: 6624-31 (1990) Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute-phase protein synthesized primarily in the liver. Its expression, very low in normal animals, is increased several hundredfold following acute inflammation. To e91061771 Gene for the ADP-ribosylatable elongation factor 2 from the extreme thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Cloning, sequencing, comparative analysis. Schroder J; Klink F Eur J Biochem 195: 321-7 (1991) The gene coding for ADP-ribosylatable elongation factor 2 (EF-2) from the extreme thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius has been cloned and its sequence is reported. Amino acid s91146567 Two genes encode factors with NF-kappa B- and H2TF1-like DNA-binding properties. Rustgi AK; Van 't Veer LJ; Bernards R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 8707-10 (1990) NF-kappa B and H2TF1 are transcription factors that bind to related DNA sequence motifs. NF-kappa B is a constitutive factor in mature B lymphocytes and is inducible in immature B cells and nonlymphoi91062349 The promoter of the latency-associated transcripts of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a functional cAMP-response element: role of the latency-associated transcripts and cAMP in reactivation of viLeib DA; Nadeau KC; Rundle SA; Schaffer PA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 48-52 (1991) A 203-base-pair sequence 5' of the latency-associated transcripts (LATs) of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains a 7-base consensus sequence TGCGTCA that is identical to the cAMP-response element of t91095455 Interleukin-4 induces secretion of CSF for granulocytes and CSF for macrophages by peripheral blood monocytes. Wieser M; Bonifer R; Oster W; Lindemann A; Mertelsmann R; Herrmann F Blood 73: 1105-8 (1989) T cells are known to interact cooperatively with monocytes to produce Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSF), although T cell-mediated signals leading to CSF secretion by monocytes are not completely unders89194350 Denervation of mouse skeletal muscle differentially affects the expression of the jun and fos proto-oncogenes. Bessereau JL; Fontaine B; Changeux JP New Biol 2: 375-83 (1990) The mRNA levels of the jun and fos proto-oncogenes, whose products are part of the transcription regulatory complex AP1, were investigated after denervation of the lower-leg muscles of adult mice. The91145340 Efficient transformation of chicken embryo fibroblasts by c-Jun requires structural modification in coding and noncoding sequences. Bos TJ; Monteclaro FS; Mitsunobu F; Ball AR Jr; Chang CH; Nishimura T; Vogt PK Genes Dev 4: 1677-87 (1990) To assess the transforming capability of the c-Jun protein, we introduced the chicken c-jun proto-oncogene into a replication competent avian retroviral expression vector (RCAS). Viral Jun efficiently91065515 Activity and tissue-specific expression of the transcription factor NF-E1 multigene family. Yamamoto M; Ko LJ; Leonard MW; Beug H; Orkin SH; Engel JD Genes Dev 4: 1650-62 (1990) NF-E1, a DNA-binding protein that recognizes the general consensus motif WGATAR, is the first tissue-specific factor to be identified in erythroid cells. Using a probe from the murine GF-1 (NF-E1) cDN91065513 Egr-1 expression in surface Ig-mediated B cell activation. Kinetics and association with protein kinase C activation. Seyfert VL; McMahon S; Glenn W; Cao XM; Sukhatme VP; Monroe JG J Immunol 145: 3647-53 (1990) We have studied the expression of an immediate/early type gene, Egr-1, in murine B lymphocyte responses to Ag receptor-generated signals. The Egr-1 gene encodes a zinc finger protein with sequence-spe91060941 Nerve growth factor rapidly induces expression of the 68-kDa neurofilament gene by posttranscriptional modification in PC12h-R cells. Ikenaka K; Nakahira K; Takayama C; Wada K; Hatanaka H; Mikoshiba K J Biol Chem 265: 19782-5 (1990) We have isolated a subclonal cell line of PC12, PC12h-R, which is characterized by its rapid response to nerve growth factor (NGF) in extending its neurites. The mRNA levels of the 68-kDa neurofilamen91060591 Cornea derived neutrophil chemotactic factors: intracellular synthesis and release. Elgebaly SA; Miano DC; Kreutzer DL; Fishman JB Curr Eye Res 9: 839-45 (1990) The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the release of neutrophil chemotactic factors (NCF) from isolated corneas following hydrogen peroxide stimulation requires specific intracell91059660 Changes in rasT24 expression do not induce changes in c-jun, jun-B, or jun-D RNA levels in rat liver epithelial cells. Krizman DB; Lebovitz RM; Lieberman MW Mol Carcinog 3: 264-7 (1990) We used a series of rat liver epithelial (RLE) cell lines that carry a zinc-regulatable metallothionein/rasT24 fusion gene (MTrasT24) to investigate the relation of ras oncogene expression to steady-s91058636 Binding of the Wilms' tumor locus zinc finger protein to the EGR-1 consensus sequence. Rauscher FJ 3d; Morris JF; Tournay OE; Cook DM; Curran T Science 250: 1259-62 (1990) The Wilms' tumor locus (WTL) at 11p13 contains a gene that encodes a zinc finger-containing protein that has characteristics of a DNA-binding protein. However, binding of this protein to DNA in a sequ91057660 Induction of genes for transcription factors by normal hematopoietic regulatory proteins in the differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. Shabo Y; Lotem J; Sachs L Leukemia 4: 797-801 (1990) Induction of differentiation to macrophages in two different clones of myeloid leukemic cells by the hematopoietic regulatory proteins interleukin-6 (IL-6), or by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimula91056732 Stable, monomeric variants of lambda Cro obtained by insertion of a designed beta-hairpin sequence. Mossing MC; Sauer RT Science 250: 1712-5 (1990) lambda Cro is a dimeric DNA binding protein. Random mutagenesis and a selection for Cro activity have been used to identify the contacts between Cro subunits that are crucial for maintenance of a stab91102547 Expression of defective virus and cytokine genes in murine AIDS. Cheung SC; Chattopadhyay SK; Morse HC 3d; Pitha PM J Virol 65: 823-8 (1991) A syndrome characterized by severe immunodeficiency and lymphoproliferation develops in susceptible strains of mice infected with a mixture of murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) designated LP-BM5 MuLV. T91101292 Targeting the E1 replication protein to the papillomavirus origin of replication by complex formation with the E2 transactivator. Mohr IJ; Clark R; Sun S; Androphy EJ; MacPherson P; Botchan MR Science 250: 1694-9 (1990) The mechanism by which transcription factors stimulate DNA replication in eukaryotes is unknown. Bovine papillomavirus DNA synthesis requires the products of the viral E1 gene and the transcriptional 91102544 Erythroid differentiation in chimaeric mice blocked by a targeted mutation in the gene for transcription factor GATA-1. Pevny L; Simon MC; Robertson E; Klein WH; Tsai SF; D'Agati V; Orkin SH; Costantini F Nature 349: 257-60 (1991) The zinc-finger transcription factor GATA-1 (previously known as GF-1, NF-E1 or Eryf 1 binds to GATA consensus elements in regulatory regions of the alpha- and beta-globin gene clusters and other eryt91101702 Heat shock-induced interactions of heat shock transcription factor and the human hsp70 promoter examined by in vivo footprinting. Abravaya K; Phillips B; Morimoto RI Mol Cell Biol 11: 586-92 (1991) Genomic footprinting of the human hsp70 promoter reveals that heat shock induces a rapid binding of a factor, presumably heat shock transcription factor, to a region encompassing five contiguous NGAAN91094879 The NF kappa B independent cis-acting sequences in HIV-1 LTR responsive to T-cell activation. Lu YC; Touzjian N; Stenzel M; Dorfman T; Sodroski JG; Haseltine WA J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 4: 173-7 (1991) The rate of transcription initiation directed by the long terminal repeat (LTR) of HIV-1 increases in response to mitogenic stimuli of T cells. Here we show that the response of the HIV-1 LTR may be g91101115 Fnr mutants that activate gene expression in the presence of oxygen. Kiley PJ; Reznikoff WS J Bacteriol 173: 16-22 (1991) The regulatory protein Fnr is required for anaerobic expression of several anaerobic respiratory enzymes in Escherichia coli. To gain insight into how Fnr activity is regulated by oxygen, we have isol91100277 Neurokinin A induces c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc expression in L6 rat myoblasts. Rahm M; Hultgardh-Nilsson A Biochem Biophys Res Commun 173: 1322-30 (1990) Neurokinin A (NKA), a neuropeptide belonging to the tachykinin family, induced c-fos proto-oncogene mRNA expression in serum-deprived L6J1 rat skeletal myoblasts in vitro. The marked increase reached 91097568 A pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulus is required to increase transcription of the gonadotropin subunit genes: evidence for differential regulation of transcription by pulse frequency inHaisenleder DJ; Dalkin AC; Ortolano GA; Marshall JC; Shupnik MA Endocrinology 128: 509-17 (1991) Previous results have shown that the pattern of GnRH pulses (amplitude and frequency) can differentially regulate expression of gonadotropin subunit cytoplasmic messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations. Th91099190 An in vitro globin gene switching model based on differentiated embryonic stem cells. Lindenbaum MH; Grosveld F Genes Dev 4: 2075-85 (1990) We used mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells to study globin gene expression and switching in vitro. We show that ES-derived embryoid bodies express the full complement of mouse embryonic globin genes in t91099657 Cyclosporin A inhibits the interleukin 2 receptor alpha chain gene transcription but not its cell surface expression: the alpha chain stability can explain this discrepancy. Hemar A; Dautry-Varsat A Eur J Immunol 20: 2629-35 (1990) The effect of the immunosuppressor cyclosporin A (CsA) on the expression of interleukin (IL) 2 receptors was investigated in a human T cell line IARC301 which constitutively expresses such receptors. 91099409 Neurokinin A induces expression of the c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc genes in rat smooth muscle cells. Hultgardh-Nilsson A; Larsson SH; Jin P; Sejersen T; Ringertz NR Eur J Biochem 194: 527-32 (1990) Neurokinin A, a member of the tachykinin family of neuropeptides, has been identified as a mitogen for cultured smooth muscle cells. Tachykinin-induced DNA synthesis has previously been shown to be me91099328 Role of GM-CSF in phagocyte recruitment and regulation of c-fos protooncogene expression. Wang JM; Chen ZG; Colotta F; Mantovani A Behring Inst Mitt 48: 270-3 (1988) Recombinant GM-CSF induced migration across polycarbonate filters of monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Checkerboard analysis revealed that induction of phagocyte migration involved actual ch89193304 Expression of messenger RNA for GM-CSF by blood mononuclear cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Atkinson K; Altavilla V; Cooley M Behring Inst Mitt 48: 330-4 (1988) We examined blood mononuclear cells from six recipients of HLA-identical sibling marrow transplants for their ability to express messenger (m) RNA for granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor 89193316 Induction of antigen presentation capacity and MHC class II gene expression in bone marrow macrophages derived from GM-CSF-supplemented in vitro cultures. Reske-Kunz AB; Fischer HG; Reske K Behring Inst Mitt 48: 258-64 (1988) In this study we show that bone marrow macrophages (BMM phi), derived by culturing bone marrow stem cells in macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-containing medium, and activated by an optimal89193301 Muscle-specific expression of the troponin I gene requires interactions between helix-loop-helix muscle regulatory factors and ubiquitous transcription factors. Lin H; Yutzey KE; Konieczny SF Mol Cell Biol 11: 267-80 (1991) The quail fast skeletal troponin I (TnI) gene is a member of the contractile protein gene set and is expressed exclusively in differentiated skeletal muscle cells. TnI gene transcription is controlled91094840 Effects of mutations at amino acid 61 in the arm of TF1 on its DNA-binding properties. Sayre MH; Geiduschek EP J Mol Biol 216: 819-33 (1990) Transcription factor 1 (TF1) is the Bacillus subtilis phage SPO1-encoded member of the family of bacterial DNA-binding proteins that includes Escherichia coli HU and integration host factor (IHF). We 91094044 The same CCAAT box-binding factor binds to the promoter of two coordinately regulated major histocompatibility complex class II genes. Kern MJ; Woodward JG Mol Cell Biol 11: 578-81 (1991) Using competition mobility shift, methylation interference, and proteolytic clipping DNA binding assays, we demonstrate that the protein binding the major histocompatibility complex A beta CCAAT box i91094877 Suppression of ribosomal reinitiation at upstream open reading frames in amino acid-starved cells forms the basis for GCN4 translational control. Abastado JP; Miller PF; Jackson BM; Hinnebusch AG Mol Cell Biol 11: 486-96 (1991) GCN4 encodes a transcriptional activator of amino acid-biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae that is regulated at the translational level by upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in its mRNA l91094865 Proline-independent binding of PUT3 transcriptional activator protein detected by footprinting in vivo. Axelrod JD; Majors J; Brandriss MC Mol Cell Biol 11: 564-7 (1991) The PUT3 gene product is a transcriptional activator required for expression of the enzymes of the proline utilization pathway. Using two methods of footprinting in vivo, we have determined that PUT3 91094874 Tumorigenic latency and separable stages during fibrosarcoma development in transgenic mice carrying papillomavirus genomes. Hanahan D; Wetzel E; Skowronski J; Sippola-Thiele M; Lindgren V; Howley P Int Symp Princess Takamatsu Cancer Res Fund 20: 289-96 (1989) Transgenic mice have been established carrying the genomes of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1), and human papillomaviruses types 5 and 18. Transcriptional dormancy is characteristic of all three v91170162 The Xenopus B1 factor is closely related to the mammalian activator USF and is implicated in the developmental regulation of TFIIIA gene expression. Kaulen H; Pognonec P; Gregor PD; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 11: 412-24 (1991) The Xenopus laevis TFIIIA promoter contains a motif that has been implicated in promoter activation in late-stage oocytes and contains the sequence (-269) CACGTG (-264). A cDNA encoding a protein (B1)91094857 The immediate-early growth response in regenerating liver and insulin-stimulated H-35 cells: comparison with serum-stimulated 3T3 cells and identification of 41 novel immediate-early genes. Mohn KL; Laz TM; Hsu JC; Melby AE; Bravo R; Taub R Mol Cell Biol 11: 381-90 (1991) Liver regeneration provides a unique system for analysis of mitogenesis in intact, fully developed animals. Cellular immediate-early genes likely play an important role in cell cycle regulation and ha91094854 Multiple interactions between tissue-specific nuclear proteins and the promoter of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene for C4 photosynthesis in Zea mays. Yanagisawa S; Izui K Mol Gen Genet 224: 325-32 (1990) The expression of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) gene involved in C4 photosynthesis is regulated in a highly organized manner. Nuclear factors interacting with DNA fragments from the 5' fl91094768 Multiple transforming growth factor-beta-inducible elements regulate expression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene in Hep G2 cells. Westerhausen DR Jr; Hopkins WE; Billadello JJ J Biol Chem 266: 1092-100 (1991) Regulation of plasminogen activation by plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a critical feature of many biological processes. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) induces PAI-1 mRNA91093217 Studies on the activator 1 protein complex, an accessory factor for proliferating cell nuclear antigen-dependent DNA polymerase delta. Lee SH; Kwong AD; Pan ZQ; Hurwitz J J Biol Chem 266: 594-602 (1991) Activator 1 (A1) is a multiprotein complex which is essential for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-dependent DNA polymerase delta (pol delta) activity and efficient in vitro DNA synthesis in 91093187 Three tomato genes code for heat stress transcription factors with a region of remarkable homology to the DNA-binding domain of the yeast HSF. Scharf KD; Rose S; Zott W; Schoff F; Nover L EMBO J 9: 4495-501 (1990) Heat stress (hs) treatment of cell cultures of Lycopersicon peruvianum (Lp, tomato) results in activation of preformed transcription factor(s) (HSF) binding to the heat stress consensus element (HSE).91092274 Purification and molecular cloning of the "A" chain of a rat heteromeric CCAAT-binding protein. Sequence identity with the yeast HAP3 transcription factor. Vuorio T; Maity SN; de Crombrugghe B J Biol Chem 265: 22480-6 (1990) CCAAT-binding factor (CBF) is a heteromeric mammalian transcription factor which binds to sequences containing a CCAAT motif in a number of promoters such as those for type I collagen, albumin, MHC Cl91093096 Repressive effect of the nef cDNA of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 on the promoter activity of the viral long terminal repeat. Mori S; Takada R; Shimotohno K; Okamoto T Jpn J Cancer Res 81: 1124-31 (1990) The nef gene product of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been implicated as a negative factor for viral replication and is suspected to play an important role in the maintenance of vira91092972 Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for the CCAAT transcription factor EFIA reveals a novel structural motif. Ozer J; Faber M; Chalkley R; Sealy L J Biol Chem 265: 22143-52 (1990) Enhancer factor I (EFI) is a trans-acting factor which binds to the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat enhancer and promoter at two inverted CCAAT-box motifs. We demonstrate that two forms of EFI91093048 The extinction of erythroid genes after tetradecanoylphorbol acetate treatment of erythroleukemic cells correlates with down-regulation of the tissue-specific factors NF-E1 and NF-E2. Mignotte V; Navarro S; Eleouet JF; Zon LI; Romeo PH J Biol Chem 265: 22090-2 (1990) We have studied the elements involved in the tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA)-mediated extinction of erythroid-specific genes. We show that transcription driven by a -714/+78-base pair DNA fragment 91093039 A tripartite structure of the signals that determine protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Haeuptle MT; Flint N; Gough NM; Dobberstein B J Cell Biol 108: 1227-36 (1989) Multilineage colony stimulating factor is a secretory protein with a cleavable signal sequence that is unusually long and hydrophobic. Using molecular cloning techniques we exchanged sequences NH2- or89174959 Synergistic trans-activation of the human C-reactive protein promoter by transcription factor HNF-1 binding at two distinct sites. Toniatti C; Demartis A; Monaci P; Nicosia A; Ciliberto G EMBO J 9: 4467-75 (1990) The promoter region of the human C-reactive protein (CRP) gene comprises two distinct regions (APREs, for Acute Phase Responsive Elements) each one containing information necessary and sufficient for 91092271 Erythropoietin mRNA levels are governed by both the rate of gene transcription and posttranscriptional events. Goldberg MA; Gaut CC; Bunn HF Blood 77: 271-7 (1991) The human hepatoma cell line, Hep3B, synthesizes large quantities of erythropoietin (Epo) mRNA and protein in a regulated manner in response to hypoxia and cobaltous chloride (CoCl2). To further under91091517 The actions of cyclosporin A and FK506 suggest a novel step in the activation of T lymphocytes. Mattila PS; Ullman KS; Fiering S; Emmel EA; McCutcheon M; Crabtree GR; Herzenberg LA EMBO J 9: 4425-33 (1990) Cyclosporin A and FK506 are immunosuppressive compounds that have similar inhibitory effects on the expression of several lymphokines produced by T lymphocytes. Despite their similar effects the drugs91092267 Change of serine309 into proline causes temperature sensitivity of the nuclear NAM1/MTF2 gene product for yeast mitochondria. Lisowsky T; Riemen G; Michaelis G Nucleic Acids Res 18: 7163 (1990) 91088324 Dexamethasone regulation of the expression of cytokine mRNAs induced by interleukin-1 in the astrocytoma cell line U373MG. Nishida T; Nakai S; Kawakami T; Aihara K; Nishino N; Hirai Y FEBS Lett 243: 25-9 (1989) BSF-2/IL-6, GM-CSF and IL-1 beta mRNAs were induced by recombinant IL-1 in human astrocytoma cell line U373MG. The induction of BSF-2/IL-6 and IL-1 beta mRNAs did not require de novo protein synthesis89153543 Progressive inactivation of the expression of an erythroid transcriptional factor in GM- and G-CSF-dependent myeloid cell lines. Crotta S; Nicolis S; Ronchi A; Ottolenghi S; Ruzzi L; Shimada Y; Migliaccio AR; Migliaccio G Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6863-9 (1990) The transcriptional binding protein NFE-1 (also called GF-1 and Ery-f1) is thought to play a necessary, but not sufficient, role in the regulation of differentiation-related gene expression in a subse91088258 The enhancer factor R of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein. Gruffat H; Manet E; Rigolet A; Sergeant A Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6835-43 (1990) In cells latently infected with EBV, the switch from latency to productive infection is linked to the expression of two EBV transcription factors called EB1 (or Z) and R. EB1 is an upstream element fa91088254 COUP-TF gene: a structure unique for the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily. Ritchie HH; Wang LH; Tsai S; O'Malley BW; Tsai MJ Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6857-62 (1990) Two different genomic genes for the COUP-transcription factor, COUP-TF I and COUP-TF II, have been isolated from a human cosmid genomic library using a [32P]-labeled cDNA probe. Data obtained from Sou91088257 The Sfpi-1 proviral integration site of Friend erythroleukemia encodes the ets-related transcription factor Pu.1. Paul R; Schuetze S; Kozak SL; Kozak CA; Kabat D J Virol 65: 464-7 (1991) Previous studies identified a common site (Sfpi-1) for proviral integration in immortalized Friend erythroleukemias. cDNAs corresponding to a 1.5-kb Sfpi-1 mRNA were isolated and sequenced. These were91087319 Molecular definition and sequence motifs of the 52-kD component of human SS-A/Ro autoantigen. Chan EK; Hamel JC; Buyon JP; Tan EM J Clin Invest 87: 68-76 (1991) Serum SS-A/Ro autoantibodies are commonly found in patients with Sjogren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, neonatal lupus, and subacute cutaneous lupus. Two proteins of 60 and 52 kD have been 91086480 The viral erbA oncogene protein, a constitutive repressor in animal cells, is a hormone-regulated activator in yeast. Privalsky ML; Sharif M; Yamamoto KR Cell 63: 1277-86 (1990) The v-erbA oncogene is a retrovirus-transduced and altered copy of a cellular gene for a thyroid hormone receptor. In animal cells, the v-erbA protein fails to respond to hormone and acts as a dominan91084856 Prolonged ethanol inhalation decreases gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor alpha subunit mRNAs in the rat cerebral cortex. Montpied P; Morrow AL; Karanian JW; Ginns EI; Martin BM; Paul SM Mol Pharmacol 39: 157-63 (1991) Ethanol administration to rats by ethanol vapor inhalation (14 days) results in a 40-50% reduction in the level of gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor alpha 1 subunit mRNAs [4.4 and 4.8 kilobase91141441 Induction of c-jun expression in the myeloid leukemia cell line KG-1 by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Henschler R; Brennscheidt U; Mertelsmann R; Herrmann F Mol Pharmacol 39: 171-6 (1991) c-Jun/AP-1 is a transcription factor commonly induced in mammalian cells by serum, phorbol compounds, or peptide growth factors. We show that c-Jun/AP-1 is inducible as well as coordinately regulated,91141443 An "attenuator domain" is sandwiched by two distinct transactivation domains in the transcription factor C/EBP. Pei DQ; Shih CH Mol Cell Biol 11: 1480-7 (1991) C/EBP is a rat liver DNA-binding protein which can act as a transcription factor. Its N-terminal portion contains three distinct domains. The first domain (amino acids 1 to 107) appears to be a highly91141497 Interaction of a lens cell transcription factor with the proximal domain of the mouse gamma F-crystallin promoter. Liu QR; Tini M; Tsui LC; Breitman ML Mol Cell Biol 11: 1531-7 (1991) The elements regulating lens-specific expression of the mouse gamma F-crystallin gene were examined. Here we show that mouse gamma F-crystallin sequences -67 to +45 contain a low basal level of lens-s91141502 Activation of the ovalbumin gene by the estrogen receptor involves the fos-jun complex. Gaub MP; Bellard M; Scheuer I; Chambon P; Sassone-Corsi P Cell 63: 1267-76 (1990) The proximal region of the ovalbumin gene promoter contains a half-palindromic estrogen-responsive element (ERE) that mediates cell-specific trans-activation by the estrogen receptor (ER). We show tha91084855 Ribosomal 5S RNA from Xenopus laevis oocytes: conformation and interaction with transcription factor IIIA. Romby P; Baudin F; Brunel C; Leal de Stevenson I; Westhof E; Romaniuk PJ; Ehresmann C; Ehresmann B Biochimie 72: 437-52 (1990) This review describes extensive studies on 5S rRNA from X laevis oocytes combining conformational analyses in solution (using a variety of chemical and enzymatic probes), computer modeling, site-direc91077398 Transcriptional activation of IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha genes by MHC class II ligands. Trede NS; Geha RS; Chatila T J Immunol 146: 2310-5 (1991) Ligands that bind MHC class II (Ia) molecules, including staphylococcal exotoxins (SE) and mAb induce IL-1 and TNF secretion in human monocytes and monocytic cell lines. In this study, we have analyze91170787 Use of a selectable reporter for the isolation of mammalian regulatory genes. Morris AE; Jiang YJ; McChesney RE; Jackson AE; Bancroft C; Chasin LA Gene 94: 289-94 (1990) A general method is described for isolating the genes encoding differentiation-specific activators of transcription using genetic selection. Employing regulation of the prolactin encoding gene (PRL) a91078652 The octamer binding factor Oct6: cDNA cloning and expression in early embryonic cells. Meijer D; Graus A; Kraay R; Langeveld A; Mulder MP; Grosveld G Nucleic Acids Res 18: 7357-65 (1990) We have cloned a cDNA encoding a novel octamer binding factor Oct6 that is expressed in undifferentiated ES cells. Expression of the Oct6 gene is downregulated upon differentiation of these cells by a91081324 Activation of human CD4 T lymphocytes. Interaction of fibronectin with VLA-5 receptor on CD4 cells induces the AP-1 transcription factor. Yamada A; Nikaido T; Nojima Y; Schlossman SF; Morimoto C J Immunol 146: 53-6 (1991) Fibronectin synergized with anti-CD3 antibody to promote CD4 cell proliferation in a serum-free culture system whereas no proliferation was observed when CD4 cells were cultured with anti-CD3 alone or91079583 Aberrant expression of cytokine genes in peritoneal macrophages from mice infected with LP-BM5 MuLV, a murine model of AIDS. Cheung SC; Chattopadhyay SK; Hartley JW; Morse HC 3d; Pitha PM J Immunol 146: 121-7 (1991) Mice infected with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) develop a syndrome denoted as murine AIDS. Macrophages harvested from the peritoneal cavities of these mice at 4 or 9 wk postinoculation with LP-91079535 Cross-linking of surface Ig receptors on murine B lymphocytes stimulates the expression of nuclear tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-response element-binding proteins. Chiles TC; Liu JL; Rothstein TL J Immunol 146: 1730-5 (1991) Cross-linking of sIg on primary B lymphocytes leads to increased nuclear DNA-binding activity specific for the tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate-response element (TRE), as judged by gel mobility shift ass91170705 The zinc finger protein GLI transforms primary cells in cooperation with adenovirus E1A. Ruppert JM; Vogelstein B; Kinzler KW Mol Cell Biol 11: 1724-8 (1991) The GLI gene was previously isolated by virtue of its amplification in human glioblastomas. We have now found that GLI expression can result in the in vitro transformation of both primary and secondar91141525 Extinction of insulin gene expression in hybrids between beta cells and fibroblasts is accompanied by loss of the putative beta-cell-specific transcription factor IEF1. Leshkowitz D; Walker MD Mol Cell Biol 11: 1547-52 (1991) Insulin-producing cells and fibroblasts were fused to produce hybrid lines. In hybrids derived from both hamster and rat insulinoma cells, no insulin mRNA could be detected in any of seven lines exami91141504 Multicomponent differentiation-regulated transcription factors in F9 embryonal carcinoma stem cells. Shivji MK; La Thangue NB Mol Cell Biol 11: 1686-95 (1991) Murine F9 embryonal carcinoma (F9 EC) stem cells have an E1a-like transcription activity that is down-regulated as these cells differentiate to parietal endoderm. For the adenovirus E2A promoter, this91141520 CAP is a bifunctional component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae adenylyl cyclase complex. Gerst JE; Ferguson K; Vojtek A; Wigler M; Field J Mol Cell Biol 11: 1248-57 (1991) CAP, a protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that copurifies with adenylyl cyclase, appears to be required for yeast cells to be fully responsive to RAS proteins. CAP also appears to be required for n91141473 Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of CSF-1 gene expression in human monocytes. Horiguchi J; Sariban E; Kufe D Mol Cell Biol 8: 3951-4 (1988) Regulation of CSF-1 gene expression was investigated in human monocytes. CSF-1 transcripts were at low or undetectable levels in resting monocytes. However, in monocytes treated with 12-O-tetradecanoy89127240 Platelet-activating factor induces phospholipid turnover, calcium flux, arachidonic acid liberation, eicosanoid generation, and oncogene expression in a human B cell line. Schulam PG; Kuruvilla A; Putcha G; Mangus L; Franklin-Johnson J; Shearer WT J Immunol 146: 1642-8 (1991) Platelet-activating factor is a potent mediator of the inflammatory response. Studies of the actions of platelet-activating factor have centered mainly around neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets. In91132035 How Escherichia coli RNA polymerase can negatively regulate transcription from a constitutive promoter. Duval-Valentin G; Reiss C Mol Microbiol 4: 1465-75 (1990) We previously described the structures and functions of specific complexes between the bla promoter from Tn3 (present in pBR322) and RNA polymerase (RNAP), showing that, at excess RNAP, complexes can 91141298 Cloning and physical mapping of the sor genes for L-sorbose transport and metabolism from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Wohrl BM; Lengeler JW Mol Microbiol 4: 1557-65 (1990) The sor genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae KAY2026, which enable the bacterium to metabolize the ketose L-sorbose, have been cloned on an 8.3kb DNA fragment into the multicopy plasmid, pACYC184. The genes91141308 Association of a major transcriptional regulatory protein, ICP4, of herpes simplex virus type 1 with the plasma membrane of virus-infected cells. Yao F; Courtney RJ J Virol 65: 1516-24 (1991) A major transcriptional regulatory protein, ICP4, of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is localized primarily within the nucleus soon after its synthesis. Recent studies have shown that approximatel91140745 Interleukin-1 stimulates and all-trans-retinoic acid inhibits collagenase gene expression through its 5' activator protein-1-binding site. Lafyatis R; Kim SJ; Angel P; Roberts AB; Sporn MB; Karin M; Wilder RL Mol Endocrinol 4: 973-80 (1990) Collagenase production by synovial fibroblast-like cells (synoviocytes) plays a major role in cartilage and bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) increases collagenase secreti91133446 Accumulation of MVM gene products is differentially regulated by transcription initiation, RNA processing and protein stability. Schoborg RV; Pintel DJ Virology 181: 22-34 (1991) The accumulation and stability of minute virus of mice (MVMp) RNA and protein as well as comparative strengths of the two viral promoters have been analyzed in highly synchronous infections of murine 91134985 Identification of functional domains in the maize transcriptional activator C1: comparison of wild-type and dominant inhibitor proteins. Goff SA; Cone KC; Fromm ME Genes Dev 5: 298-309 (1991) Genes encoding fusions between the maize regulatory protein C1 and the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4 and mutant C1 proteins were assayed for their ability to trans-activate anthocyanin biosynth91138963 Analysis of the Escherichia coli nusA10(Cs) allele: relating nucleotide changes to phenotypes. Craven MG; Friedman DI J Bacteriol 173: 1485-91 (1991) The Escherichia coli nusA gene product, known to influence transcription elongation, is essential for both bacterial viability and growth of lambdoid phages. We report the cloning and sequencing of th91139591 Effect of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F on AUG selection in a bicistronic mRNA. Tahara SM; Dietlin TA; Dever TE; Merrick WC; Worrilow LM J Biol Chem 266: 3594-601 (1991) Artificial bicistronic mRNAs based on rabbit beta-globin and bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase protein-coding sequences were tested for translation activity in a mouse astrocytoma cell-free 91139647 Genetic interaction between the beta' subunit of RNA polymerase and the arginine-rich domain of Escherichia coli nusA protein. Ito K; Egawa K; Nakamura Y J Bacteriol 173: 1492-501 (1991) The nusA11 mutation causes reduced transcription termination and temperature-sensitive growth of Escherichia coli. Suppressor mutations that restored growth of nusA11 mutant cells were isolated and na91139592 The Pit-1 transcription factor gene is a candidate for the murine Snell dwarf mutation. Camper SA; Saunders TL; Katz RW; Reeves RH Genomics 8: 586-90 (1990) Two nonallelic mouse mutations with severe dwarf phenotypes are characterized by a lack of growth hormone, prolactin, and thyroid stimulating hormone. The cells that normally synthesize these pituitar91139132 An arginine to lysine substitution in the bZIP domain of an opaque-2 mutant in maize abolishes specific DNA binding. Aukerman MJ; Schmidt RJ; Burr B; Burr FA Genes Dev 5: 310-20 (1991) The opaque-2 (o2) locus in maize encodes a transcription factor involved in the regulation of zein storage proteins. We have shown previously that the O2 protein contains a leucine zipper domain that 91138964 Involvement of a common transcription factor in the regulated expression of IL-2 and IL-2 receptor genes. Shibuya H; Yoneyama M; Taniguchi T Int Immunol 1: 43-9 (1989) Interleukin-2 (IL-2) plays an essential role in the clonal expansion of antigen-activated T lymphocytes (T cells). In fact, the expression of both IL-2 and IL-2 receptor (IL-2R, p55, CD25) genes is tr91137486 Hormonal control of gene expression: interactions between two trans-acting regulators in Drosophila. Nelson RJ; Odell GM; Christiansen AE; Laird CD Dev Biol 144: 152-66 (1991) The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) and the Broad-Complex locus (BRC) are involved in regulating developmental changes in gene expression around the time of metamorphosis in Drosophila. We h91138868 RNA-protein interactions of stored 5S RNA with TFIIIA and ribosomal protein L5 during Xenopus oogenesis. Allison LA; Romaniuk PJ; Bakken AH Dev Biol 144: 129-44 (1991) We studied the pathway of 5S RNA during oogenesis in Xenopus laevis from its storage in the cytoplasm to accumulation in the nucleus, the sequence requirements for the 5S RNA to follow that pathway, a91138866 Kappa B binding proteins are constitutively expressed in an IL-2 autocrine human T cell line. Hemar A; Cereghini S; Cornet V; Blank V; Israel A; Greene WC; Dautry-Varsat A J Immunol 146: 2409-16 (1991) The IL-2 and the IL-2-R alpha genes are both expressed transiently in normal T lymphocytes after Ag or mitogen activation. In contrast, the human T cell line, IARC 301, expresses these two genes const91170801 Conformational studies of the nucleic acid binding sites for Xenopus transcription factor IIIA. Huber PW; Blobe GC; Hartmann KM J Biol Chem 266: 3278-86 (1991) The CD spectrum of a restriction fragment that contains a single copy of a Xenopus borealis somatic 5 S rRNA gene, like those of two smaller fragments from the binding site for transcription factor II91131637 Influence of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase on the enzymatic synthesis of SV40 DNA. Eki T; Hurwitz J J Biol Chem 266: 3087-100 (1991) The influence of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) on the replication of DNA containing the SV40 origin of replication has been examined. Extensive replication of SV40 DNA can be carried out in the p91131610 Transcription factor phosphorylation: a link between signal transduction and the regulation of gene expression. Bohmann D Cancer Cells 2: 337-44 (1990) Changes in cellular gene transcription patterns induced by extracellular signals are thought to be important for many biological processes, including the control of cell growth. The transmission of ge91128837 Transcription of endogenous and injected cytoskeletal actin genes during early embryonic development in Xenopus laevis. Brennan SM Differentiation 44: 111-21 (1990) The transcriptional regulation of a cytoskeletal actin gene during Xenopus laevis embryonic development has been investigated. New transcripts of this gene begin to accumulate at approximately the mid91130740 Delineation of electric and magnetic field effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation on transcription. Greene JJ; Skowronski WJ; Mullins JM; Nardone RM; Penafiel M; Meister R Biochem Biophys Res Commun 174: 742-9 (1991) The relative effects of the electric and magnetic field components of extremely low frequency electromagnetic radiation (ELF) on transcription were examined in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Delineation 91128411 Tissue distribution of murine hemopoietic growth factor mRNA production. Troutt AB; Lee F J Cell Physiol 138: 38-44 (1989) We have studied the tissue distribution of interleukin (IL) and hemopoietic colony-stimulating factor (CSF) transcripts in mice by S1-nuclease protection analysis. Accumulation of several of these mRN89093259 The mobilization and origin of transfer regions of a Thiobacillus ferrooxidans plasmid: relatedness to plasmids RSF1010 and pSC101. Drolet M; Zanga P; Lau PC Mol Microbiol 4: 1381-91 (1990) The components for the mobilization function of a plasmid DNA during conjugation include a cis-acting sequence (the origin of transfer, oriT) and a transacting sequence coding for mobilization (Mob) p91125140 Transactivation of the human insulin receptor gene by the CAAT/enhancer binding protein. McKeon C; Pham T Biochem Biophys Res Commun 174: 721-8 (1991) Within human insulin receptor gene there are three consensus binding sites for the CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP). Two sites are located in the 5' flanking region and the other is in the first 91128408 A quantitative assessment for transcriptional pausing of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases in vitro. Theissen G; Pardon B; Wagner R Anal Biochem 189: 254-61 (1990) A simple definition for pause strength (tau i) has been given, quantitatively describing transcriptional pausing of RNA polymerases. It permits derivation of practical assessments, based on single-rou91127810 An alpha-subunit-secreting cell line derived from a mouse thyrotrope tumor. Akerblom IE; Ridgway EC; Mellon PL Mol Endocrinol 4: 589-96 (1990) The anterior pituitary contains multiple distinct endocrine cell types that secrete individual hormones. To derive a pure cell culture population in which to study the regulation of the alpha-subunit 91125366 Tissue-specific expression of the growth hormone gene and its control by growth hormone factor-1. Karin M; Theill L; Castrillo JL; McCormick A; Brady H Recent Prog Horm Res 46: 43-57; discussion 57-8 (1990) 91126287 Rapid induction of the c-jun protooncogene in the avian oviduct by the antiestrogen tamoxifen. Lau CK; Subramaniam M; Rasmussen K; Spelsberg TC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 829-33 (1991) This report describes a rapid regulation of the expression of the c-jun protooncogene by the antiestrogen tamoxifen (Tam). The c-jun protooncogene codes for an important component of the AP-1 transcri91126088 Zinc fingers, zinc clusters, and zinc twists in DNA-binding protein domains. Vallee BL; Coleman JE; Auld DS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 999-1003 (1991) We now recognize three distinct motifs of DNA-binding zinc proteins: (i) zinc fingers, (ii) zinc clusters, and (iii) zinc twists. Until very recently, x-ray crystallographic or NMR three-dimensional s91126121 Identification and sequence analysis of the gene encoding the transcriptional activator of the formate hydrogenlyase system of Escherichia coli. Schlensog V; Bock A Mol Microbiol 4: 1319-27 (1990) Through complementation of a trans-acting regulatory mutation a gene has been cloned whose product is required for the formate induction of the anaerobic expression of the formate hydrogenlyase struct91125134 GM-CSF and oncogene mRNA stabilities are independently regulated in trans in a mouse monocytic tumor. Schuler GD; Cole MD Cell 55: 1115-22 (1988) Regulation of mRNA turnover has emerged as an important control point in lymphokine and oncogene expression. We have studied a monocytic tumor in which activation of GM-CSF expression results from the89077540 Putting the finger on DNA. Zinc Finger Gene Meeting sponsored by the Imperical Cancer Research Fund, London, UK, February 15-16, 1990. Bray P; Thiesen HJ New Biol 2: 325-7 (1990) 91145333 Dissection of the immediate early response of myeloid leukemia cells to terminal differentiation and growth inhibitory stimuli. Lord KA; Abdollahi A; Hoffman-Liebermann B; Liebermann DA Cell Growth Differ 1: 637-45 (1990) To better understand the immediate early genetic response of myeloid cells to terminal differentiation and growth inhibitory stimuli, complementary DNA clones of myeloid differentiation primary respon91145185 Two tumor promoters, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and thapsigargin, act synergistically via distinct signaling pathways to stimulate gene expression. Lenormand P; Muldoon LL; Enslen H; Rodland KD; Magun BE Cell Growth Differ 1: 627-35 (1990) The transcriptionally active RVL3-VL30 element contains a triple repeat of TGACTCC, a sequence nearly identical to the AP-1 binding site. However, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulatio91145184 Coexpression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, gamma interferon, and interleukins 3 and 4 is random in murine alloreactive T-lymphocyte clones. Kelso A; Gough NM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 9189-93 (1988) Lymphokine gene expression was examined in a panel of 116 short-term murine T-lymphocyte clones derived by single-cell micromanipulation from allogeneic mixed leukocyte cultures. About 30% of clonable89057901 mos-induced inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor function is mediated by Fos. Touray M; Ryan F; Saurer S; Martin F; Jaggi R Oncogene 6: 211-7 (1991) Activation of glucocorticoid hormone-dependent transcription involves the binding of the glucocorticoid hormone to its receptor followed by a specific interaction of the hormone/receptor complex with 91156293 Antimitogenic and mitogenic actions of interleukin-1 in diverse cell types are associated with induction of gro gene expression. Rangnekar VV; Waheed S; Davies TJ; Toback FG; Rangnekar VM J Biol Chem 266: 2415-22 (1991) Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is an antiproliferative factor for growing human melanoma A375-C6 cells. To define the molecular basis for the action of IL-1, we set out to identify early genes induced by the cy91115863 Transcription and initiation of ColE1 DNA replication in Escherichia coli K-12. Inoue N; Uchida H J Bacteriol 173: 1208-14 (1991) By S1 nuclease protection mapping, we characterized RNA transcripts and nascent ColE1 DNA synthesized in wild-type Escherichia coli cells after infection with lambda-mini-ColE1 hybrid bacteriophages. 91123196 Dexamethasone inhibits the induction of monocyte chemotactic-activating factor production by IL-1 or tumor necrosis factor. Mukaida N; Zachariae CC; Gusella GL; Matsushima K J Immunol 146: 1212-5 (1991) Recently purified and molecularly cloned monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) may play a major role in recruiting and activating monocytes in the inflammatory process. We examined the eff91123691 Interactions of the Oct-1 POU subdomains with specific DNA sequences and with the HSV alpha-trans-activator protein. Kristie TM; Sharp PA Genes Dev 4: 2383-96 (1990) Trans-activation by the herpes simplex virus (HSV) protein, alpha TIF (VP16), is dependent on an inducible enhancer sequence that contains a homolog of the octamer element. An ordered series of multip91122640 Transcriptional analysis, translational analysis, and sequence of the kilA-tellurite resistance region of plasmid RK2Ter. Walter EG; Thomas CM; Ibbotson JP; Taylor DE J Bacteriol 173: 1111-9 (1991) The tellurite resistance (Ter) determinant of the IncP alpha plasmid RK2Ter, a variant of RK2 (also called RP4), is located between the kilA and korA genes involved in plasmid replication control. Tra91123183 A conserved heptapeptide restrains the activity of the yeast heat shock transcription factor. Jakobsen BK; Pelham HR EMBO J 10: 369-75 (1991) In yeast, expression of heat shock genes is regulated by a factor (HSF) which binds constitutively to DNA, but activates transcription efficiently only after heat shock. We have compared the HSFs from91122044 Cell cycle-regulated gene expression in transgenic plant cells. Kawata T; Nakayama T; Ohtsubo N; Tabata T; Iwabuchi M Dev Genet 11: 205-13 (1990) A majority of histone genes are expressed in the S phase during the cell cycle. Using the gene expression system of transformed sunflower cells into which wheat histone H3 gene was introduced by the T91121789 Activation of protein kinase C decreases phosphorylation of c-Jun at sites that negatively regulate its DNA-binding activity. Boyle WJ; Smeal T; Defize LH; Angel P; Woodgett JR; Karin M; Hunter T Cell 64: 573-84 (1991) In resting human epithelial and fibroblastic cells, c-Jun is phosphorylated on serine and threonine at five sites, three of which are phosphorylated in vitro by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3). The91121514 Cooperative binding of Drosophila heat shock factor to arrays of a conserved 5 bp unit. Xiao H; Perisic O; Lis JT Cell 64: 585-93 (1991) Drosophila heat shock factor (HSF) exists as a multimer in solution and when bound to its regulatory element (HSE). We have previously reported evidence that subunits of HSF associate to form homotrim91121515 Intracellular leucine zipper interactions suggest c-Myc hetero-oligomerization. Dang CV; Barrett J; Villa-Garcia M; Resar LM; Kato GJ; Fearon ER Mol Cell Biol 11: 954-62 (1991) The physiological significance of in vitro leucine zipper interactions was studied by the use of two strategies which detect specific protein-protein interactions in mammalian cells. Fusion genes were91117263 Functional characterization of the developmentally controlled immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer: regulation by Id, a repressor of helix-loop-helix transcription factors. Pongubala JM; Atchison ML Mol Cell Biol 11: 1040-7 (1991) We have functionally characterized an enhancer element (kappa E3') which lies 8.5 kb downstream of the immunoglobulin kappa gene. The activity of this enhancer is developmentally controlled. It is ina91117206 Complex complexes in Cambridge. The 1989 DNA Tumour Virus Meeting sponsored by the Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Churchill College Cambridge, Cambridge, UK July 24-29, 1989. Lane DP New Biol 1: 252-5 (1989) 91120688 Solution structure of the basic region from the transcriptional activator GCN4. Saudek V; Pasley HS; Gibson T; Gausepohl H; Frank R; Pastore A Biochemistry 30: 1310-7 (1991) The structure of the basic region (i.e., the region responsible for sequence-specific binding to DNA) of the transcriptional activator GCN4 was studied. Two peptide fragments containing either the bas91120777 Murine c-rel transcription is rapidly induced in T-cells and fibroblasts by mitogenic agents and the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Grumont RJ; Gerondakis S Cell Growth Differ 1: 345-50 (1990) The c-rel protooncogene is here shown to be a member of the early response gene family. Expression induced by different agents is regulated by both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. 91120154 Growth factor-responsive genes in fibroblasts. Bravo R Cell Growth Differ 1: 305-9 (1990) 91120148 Expression of c-jun, jun B and jun D proto-oncogenes in human peripheral-blood granulocytes. Mollinedo F; Vaquerizo MJ; Naranjo JR Biochem J 273: 477-9 (1991) We have found that purified human peripheral-blood granulocytes express constitutively significant levels of proto-oncogenes c-jun, jun B and jun D mRNA. Upon functional activation of granulocytes by 91119580 The transcriptional factor Egr-1 is synthesized by baculovirus-infected insect cells in an active, DNA-binding form. Ragona G; Edwards SA; Mercola DA; Adamson ED; Calogero A DNA Cell Biol 10: 61-6 (1991) The Egr-1 (zfp-6) gene encodes a zinc-finger-containing nuclear protein that is rapidly and transiently induced in quiescent cells treated with mitogens. We have constructed baculovirus vectors that s91119676 Structural features of the human C3 gene: intron/exon organization, transcriptional start site, and promoter region sequence. Vik DP; Amiguet P; Moffat GJ; Fey M; Amiguet-Barras F; Wetsel RA; Tack BF Biochemistry 30: 1080-5 (1991) The third component of human complement (C3) is a key molecule in the activation of the complement cascade. C3 cDNA fragments were used to identify seven cosmid clones that covered all but 1 kilobase 91113687 Identification and cloning of TCF-1, a T lymphocyte-specific transcription factor containing a sequence-specific HMG box. van de Wetering M; Oosterwegel M; Dooijes D; Clevers H EMBO J 10: 123-32 (1991) CD3-epsilon expression is controlled by a downstream T lymphocyte-specific enhancer element. We report the identification of a T cell-specific transcription factor, TCF-1, binding to this element. The91114695 Synergistic interactions between transcription factors control expression of the apolipoprotein AI gene in liver cells. Widom RL; Ladias JA; Kouidou S; Karathanasis SK Mol Cell Biol 11: 677-87 (1991) The gene coding for apolipoprotein AI (apoAI), a plasma protein involved in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids in the plasma, is expressed predominantly in liver and intestine. Previous wor91117233 Transcription factor access is mediated by accurately positioned nucleosomes on the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. Archer TK; Cordingley MG; Wolford RG; Hager GL Mol Cell Biol 11: 688-98 (1991) A fragment of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter was reconstituted from pure histones into a dinucleosome with uniquely positioned octamer cores. Core boundaries for the in vitro-assembled 91117234 The oct-1 homeo domain contacts only part of the octamer sequence and full oct-1 DNA-binding activity requires the POU-specific domain. Verrijzer CP; Kal AJ; van der Vliet PC Genes Dev 4: 1964-74 (1990) The ubiquitous octamer-binding protein oct-1 contains a POU domain required for DNA binding, which can be subdivided into a POU-specific domain and a POU homeo domain. We have overproduced the POU dom91115085 Transcription factor AP-2 is expressed in neural crest cell lineages during mouse embryogenesis. Mitchell PJ; Timmons PM; Hebert JM; Rigby PW; Tjian R Genes Dev 5: 105-19 (1991) We have analyzed the expression pattern of transcription factor AP-2 in mouse embryos to evaluate the potential of AP-2 as a regulator during vertebrate development. A partial cDNA encoding AP-2 was i91115091 Haemopoietic growth factor interactions: in vitro and in vivo preclinical evaluation. Moore MA Cancer Surv 9: 7-80 (1990) Proliferation and differentiation within the haemopoietic system is closely regulated by a family of haemopoietic growth factors. To date, nine interleukins (IL), three colony stimulating factors (CSF91114024 Mechanism of action of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin antagonists: characterization of 6-[125I]methyl-8-iodo-1,3-dichlorodibenzofuran-Ah receptor complexes. Piskorska-Pliszczynska J; Astroff B; Zacharewski T; Harris M; Rosengren R; Morrison V; Safe L; Safe S Arch Biochem Biophys 284: 193-200 (1991) 6-Methyl-8-iodo-1,3,-dichlorodibenzofuran (I-MCDF) and its radiolabeled analog [125I]MCDF have been synthesized and used to investigate the mechanism of action of 1,3,6,8-substituted dibenzofurans as 91112793 Nuclear proto-oncogenes fos and jun. Ransone LJ; Verma IM Annu Rev Cell Biol 6: 539-57 (1990) 91113407 Variable and hypervariable domains are found in the regions of HCV corresponding to the flavivirus envelope and NS1 proteins and the pestivirus envelope glycoproteins. Weiner AJ; Brauer MJ; Rosenblatt J; Richman KH; Tung J; Crawford K; Bonino F; Saracco G; Choo QL; Houghton M; et al Virology 180: 842-8 (1991) Based on the flavi- and pestivirus model of genome organization for the hepatitis C virus (HCV) (1-5), the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the putative envelope (E1) and the junction be91112009 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor necrosis factor-beta (lymphotoxin) stimulate the production of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and IL-1 inKaushansky K; Broudy VC; Harlan JM; Adamson JW J Immunol 141: 3410-5 (1988) A number of cell types have been shown to elaborate hematopoietic growth factors in response to inflammatory mediators in vitro. To determine if this response occurs in vivo, we have administered leve89035460 Characterization of a highly invasive and spontaneously metastatic human malignant melanoma cell line. Welch DR; Bisi JE; Miller BE; Conaway D; Seftor EA; Yohem KH; Gilmore LB; Seftor RE; Nakajima M; Hendrix MJ Int J Cancer 47: 227-37 (1991) Although the incidence of, and deaths due to, malignant melanoma are rising at a rapid rate, few experimental models mimic the highly metastatic properties associated with the pathogenesis of the huma91107110 [The effect of radiation in the magnesium lines on the reverse transcription process] Kondrat'ev KIa; Telegina TA; Fedchenko PP Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 314: 988-90 (1990) 91106302 Products of the fos and jun proto-oncogenes bind cooperatively to the AP1 DNA recognition sequence. Risse G; Neuberg M; Hunter JB; Verrier B; Muller R Environ Health Perspect 88: 133-9 (1990) The products of the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun form a tight protein complex that is a major component of the transcription factor AP1. To analyze the role of fos in the binding of this complex to91106351 The molecular biology of acute myeloid leukemia. Proto-oncogene expression and function in normal and neoplastic myeloid cells. Willman CL; Whittaker MH Clin Lab Med 10: 769-96 (1990) Proto-oncogenes and suppressor genes fall into four functional groups: growth factors, growth factor and hormone receptors, signal transducers, and transcriptional regulatory factors. Many of these ge91106123 Oncogenic conversion by regulatory changes in transcription factors. Lewin B Cell 64: 303-12 (1991) 91105848 An inhibitory domain of E12 transcription factor prevents DNA binding in E12 homodimers but not in E12 heterodimers. Sun XH; Baltimore D Cell 64: 459-70 (1991) The kappa E2 sequence binding proteins, E12 and E47, are generated by alternative splicing of the E2A gene, giving closely related basic and helix-loop-helix structures crucial for DNA binding and dim91105861 The expression and regulation of a potential lymphokine gene (TCA3) in CD4 and CD8 T cell clones. Wilson SD; Burd PR; Billings PR; Martin CA; Dorf ME J Immunol 141: 1563-70 (1988) The TCA3 gene was originally isolated from a cDNA library derived from a TH1 (inflammatory) T cell clone. Expression of TCA3 RNA was limited to cells in the activated state. Based on its expression pr88315759 1H resonance assignment and secondary structure determination of the dimerization domain of transcription factor LFB1. Pastore A; De Francesco R; Barbato G; Castiglione Morelli MA; Motta A; Cortese R Biochemistry 30: 148-53 (1991) We have started the structure determination of the dimerization domain of LFB1 in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance in order to elucidate the way that the LFB1 protein dimerizes and then interact91105074 Coordination of expression of DNA synthesis genes in budding yeast by a cell-cycle regulated trans factor. Lowndes NF; Johnson AL; Johnston LH Nature 350: 247-50 (1991) All of the DNA synthesis genes of budding yeast examined so far are periodically expressed and hence under cell-cycle control (Table 1). Expression occurs near the G1/S phase boundary and the genes se91172323 Circular dichroism study on the conformational stability of the dimerization domain of transcription factor LFB1. De Francesco R; Pastore A; Vecchio G; Cortese R Biochemistry 30: 143-7 (1991) LFB1, a dimeric DNA binding protein, is a major determinant of hepatocyte-specific transcription. The thermal and chemical equilibrium unfolding of a 32-residue alpha-helical peptide comprising its di91105073 Alternating zinc finger motifs in the male-associated protein ZFY: defining architectural rules by mutagenesis and design of an "aromatic swap" second-site revertant. Weiss MA; Keutmann HT Biochemistry 29: 9808-13 (1990) We describe spectroscopic and biochemical studies of native and mutant Zn finger peptides from ZFY, a putative transcription factor encoded by the sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome. The91104887 1H NMR studies of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain: sequential assignments and identification of secondary structure elements. Hard T; Kellenbach E; Boelens R; Kaptein R; Dahlman K; Carlstedt-Duke J; Freedman LP; Maler BA; Hyde EI; Gustafsson JA; et al Biochemistry 29: 9015-23 (1990) Two protein fragments containing the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) have been studied by two-dimensional 1H NMR spectroscopy. The two peptides (93 and 115 residues, respe91104807 Glycosaminoglycans: molecular properties, protein interactions, and role in physiological processes. Jackson RL; Busch SJ; Cardin AD Physiol Rev 71: 481-539 (1991) 91172897 Tumour necrosis factor signal transduction. Kronke M; Schutze S; Scheurich P; Meichle A; Hensel G; Thoma B; Kruppa G; Pfizenmaier K Cell Signal 2: 1-8 (1990) 91104301 The transcriptional regulator LevR of Bacillus subtilis has domains homologous to both sigma 54- and phosphotransferase system-dependent regulators. Debarbouille M; Martin-Verstraete I; Klier A; Rapoport G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 2212-6 (1991) The regulatory gene levR of the levanase operon of Bacillus subtilis was cloned and sequenced. It encodes a polypeptide of Mr 106,064 with two domains homologous to members of two families of bacteria91172782 Protein kinase C mediates x-ray inducibility of nuclear signal transducers EGR1 and JUN. Hallahan DE; Sukhatme VP; Sherman ML; Virudachalam S; Kufe D; Weichselbaum RR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 2156-60 (1991) The cellular response to ionizing radiation includes growth arrest and DNA repair followed by proliferation. Induction of immediate early response genes may participate in signal transduction precedin91172771 Identification of a 70-base-pair cell cycle regulatory unit within the promoter of the human thymidine kinase gene and its interaction with cellular factors. Kim YK; Lee AS Mol Cell Biol 11: 2296-302 (1991) The promoter of the human thymidine kinase gene contains cis-regulatory elements responsible for its cell-cycle-regulated expression. We report here that a 70-bp region between -133 and -64 is suffici91172220 A granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor gene promoter element responsive to inflammatory mediators is functionally distinct from an identical sequence in the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating Kuczek ES; Shannon MF; Pell LM; Vadas MA J Immunol 146: 2426-33 (1991) A number of mesenchymal cells produce hemopoietic growth factors in response to inflammatory mediators in vitro and in vivo. Induced transcription from the hemopoietic growth factor genes is at least 91170803 Identification of base and backbone contacts used for DNA sequence recognition and high-affinity binding by LAC9, a transcription activator containing a C6 zinc finger. Halvorsen YD; Nandabalan K; Dickson RC Mol Cell Biol 11: 1777-84 (1991) The LAC9 protein of Kluyveromyces lactis is a transcriptional regulator of genes in the lactose-galactose regulon. To regulate transcription, LAC9 must bind to 17-bp upstream activator sequences (UASs91172160 Signal transduction during mesoderm induction in Xenopus. Whitman M; Melton DA J Reprod Fertil Suppl 42: 249-54 (1990) 91171241 Molecular genetic analysis of an FNR-dependent anaerobically inducible Escherichia coli promoter. Bell AI; Cole JA; Busby SJ Mol Microbiol 4: 1753-63 (1990) From the effects of 13 deletions and three linker-scanner mutations at the Escherichia coli nirB promoter we have located sequences necessary for FNR-dependent induction of activity by anaerobiosis an91171876 Transcriptional induction by interferon. New protein(s) determine the extent and length of the induction. Larner AC; Chaudhuri A; Darnell JE Jr J Biol Chem 261: 453-9 (1986) Interferon (IFN) treatment of human fibroblasts induces the transcription of two genes, IFN-IND-1 and -2, to a maximal level between 30 min and 2 h. Continued exposure to IFN results in a "desensitiza Transcription initiated by RNA polymerase II and transcription factors from liver. Structure and action of transcription factors epsilon and tau. Conaway JW; Hanley JP; Garrett KP; Conaway RC J Biol Chem 266: 7804-11 (1991) We have fractionated rat liver and identified a set of transcription factors that are essential for accurate initiation by RNA polymerase II. These factors were resolved into five distinct enzyme frac91210305 Concerted stimulation of transcription by glucocorticoid receptors and basal transcription factors: limited transcriptional synergism suggests mediation by coactivators/adaptors. Bastian LS; Nordeen SK Mol Endocrinol 5: 619-27 (1991) Steroid receptors have been reported to stimulate transcription in a manner synergistic with other transcription factors. We have examined this synergism or functional cooperativity between glucocorti91304425 The block to transcription elongation at the minute virus of mice attenuator is regulated by cellular elongation factors. Krauskopf A; Bengal E; Aloni Y Mol Cell Biol 11: 3515-21 (1991) We have previously reported that both in vivo and in vitro, RNA polymerase II pauses or prematurely terminates transcription at a specific attenuation site located 142 to 147 nucleotides downstream fr91260700 Serum response factor affects preinitiation complex formation by TFIID in vitro. Zhu H; Roy AL; Roeder RG; Prywes R New Biol 3: 455-64 (1991) Serum response factor (SRF), a transcription factor that binds to the serum response element (SRE) of the c-fos proto-oncogene, activates transcription of an SRE-containing reporter plasmid in vitro. 91355171 The different tissue transcription patterns of genes for HNF-1, C/EBP, HNF-3, and HNF-4, protein factors that govern liver-specific transcription. Xanthopoulos KG; Prezioso VR; Chen WS; Sladek FM; Cortese R; Darnell JE Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3807-11 (1991) The transcription factors that act in hepatocyte-specific gene expression include proteins that are present mainly in liver cells (HNF-1/LFB1, C/EBP, HNF-3, HNF-4) (HNF, hepatocyte nuclear factor; C/E91219461 Mechanism of promoter selection by RNA polymerase II: mammalian transcription factors alpha and beta gamma promote entry of polymerase into the preinitiation complex. Conaway RC; Garrett KP; Hanley JP; Conaway JW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6205-9 (1991) Productive binding of RNA polymerase II at the core region of TATA box-containing promoters is controlled by the action of the TATA factor and four additional transcription factors, designated alpha, 91296789 Assembly of transcription elongation complexes containing the N protein of phage lambda and the Escherichia coli elongation factors NusA, NusB, NusG, and S10. Mason SW; Greenblatt J Genes Dev 5: 1504-12 (1991) The transcription antitermination protein, N, of bacteriophage lambda; the Escherichia coli elongation factors NusA, NusB, ribosomal protein S10, and NusG; and a DNA template containing a lambda nut (91331320 Yeast TFIIIA + TFIIIC/tau-factor, but not yeast TFIIIA alone, interacts with the Xenopus 5S rRNA gene. Struksnes K; Forus A; Gabrielsen OS; Oyen TB Nucleic Acids Res 19: 565-71 (1991) The successful use of mixed heterologous in vitro transcription systems has suggested that the species specificity of RNA polymerase III transcription is low. To see if this extends to lower eukaryoti91187676 Identification of transcription factors required for the expression of mammalian U6 genes in vitro. Waldschmidt R; Wanandi I; Seifart KH EMBO J 10: 2595-603 (1991) Transcription factors, required for the basal expression of the mouse U6 gene were identified in extracts from HeLa cells. This gene is transcribed at least four times more efficiently than its human 91330884 Oncogenic germ-line mutations in Sp1 and ATF sites in the human retinoblastoma gene. Sakai T; Ohtani N; McGee TL; Robbins PD; Dryja TP Nature 353: 83-6 (1991) The transcription of a eukaryotic gene is a consequence of intricate interactions between members of a set of transcription factors. We describe here evidence indicating that at least two distinct DNA91351319 Cross-family dimerization of transcription factors Fos/Jun and ATF/CREB alters DNA binding specificity. Hai T; Curran T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3720-4 (1991) The Fos/Jun and ATF/CREB families of transcription factors function in coupling extracellular signals to alterations in expression of specific target genes. Like many eukaryotic transcription factors,91219443 A 21-base pair DNA fragment directs transcription attenuation within the simian virus 40 late leader. Kessler M; Ben-Asher E; Resenkov O; Hatini V; Bengal E; Aloni Y J Biol Chem 266: 13019-27 (1991) Transcription through the late simian virus 40 (SV40) sequences have been examined in vivo and in vitro for identifying attenuation signals involved in regulating late RNA transcription. In addition t91302320 A mediator required for activation of RNA polymerase II transcription in vitro. Flanagan PM; Kelleher RJ 3d; Sayre MH; Tschochner H; Kornberg RD Nature 350: 436-8 (1991) Activator proteins bind to enhancer DNA elements and stimulate the initiation of transcription. It has been proposed that activators contact general initiation factors at a promoter, and evidence for 91187117 Isolation of coactivators associated with the TATA-binding protein that mediate transcriptional activation. Dynlacht BD; Hoey T; Tjian R Cell 66: 563-76 (1991) A key step in the regulation of transcription involves interactions between promoter-selective factors and various components of the transcriptional apparatus. Here we report the requirements for tran91330304 Promoter elements and factors required for hepatic transcription of the human ApoA-II gene. Chambaz J; Cardot P; Pastier D; Zannis VI; Cladaras C J Biol Chem 266: 11676-85 (1991) The apolipoprotein A-II (apoA-II) gene regulatory region -911 to +29 strongly promotes the transcription of the promotorless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene in cells of hepatic (HepG2) an91268033 The upstream stimulatory factor binds to and activates the promoter of the rat class I alcohol dehydrogenase gene. Potter JJ; Cheneval D; Dang CV; Resar LM; Mezey E; Yang VW J Biol Chem 266: 15457-63 (1991) The gene encoding rat class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is expressed primarily in the liver. Recent studies in our laboratories indicate that multiple cellular factors present in the rat liver inter91332075 Constitutive expression of zif268 in neocortex is regulated by synaptic activity. Worley PF; Christy BA; Nakabeppu Y; Bhat RV; Cole AJ; Baraban JM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 5106-10 (1991) Transcription factors are rapidly and transiently induced in brain by excitatory stimuli and may be important in coordinating changes in gene expression underlying neuronal plasticity. In contrast to 91271338 Identification of multiple nuclear factors that interact with cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element-binding protein and activating transcription factor-2 by protein-protein interactionHoeffler JP; Lustbader JW; Chen CY Mol Endocrinol 5: 256-66 (1991) Understanding the nature and importance of protein-protein interactions in the mechanisms of eukaryotic gene expression is essential to understanding the normal and aberrant regulation of gene transcr91246224 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Purification and functional analysis of general transcription factor IIE. Inostroza J; Flores O; Reinberg D J Biol Chem 266: 9304-8 (1991) Mammalian RNA polymerase II transcription factor IIE (TFIIE) was purified to apparent homogeneity. The activity copurified with polypeptides of 34 and 56 kDa. The 56-kDa subunit was sufficient for low91225042 Promoters with the octamer DNA motif (ATGCAAAT) can be ubiquitous or cell type-specific depending on binding affinity of the octamer site and Oct-factor concentration. Kemler I; Bucher E; Seipel K; Muller-Immergluck MM; Schaffner W Nucleic Acids Res 19: 237-42 (1991) Immunoglobulin (Ig) gene promoters contain the octamer sequence motif ATGCAAAT which is recognized by cellular transcription factors (Oct factors). Besides the ubiquitous Oct-1 factor, there is also a91195042 Analysis of the molecular mechanisms for the species-specific transcription of Drosophila and human tRNA gene transcription components. Johnson DL; Fan RS; Treinies ML J Biol Chem 266: 16037-43 (1991) The transcription of eucaryotic tRNA genes requires two factors IIIB and IIIC, in addition to RNA polymerase III, to reconstitute this process in vitro. We have examined the functional exchangeability91340752 Escherichia coli sigma 70 and NusA proteins. I. Binding interactions with core RNA polymerase in solution and within the transcription complex. Gill SC; Weitzel SE; von Hippel PH J Mol Biol 220: 307-24 (1991) This paper describes the binding interactions of Escherichia coli transcription factors sigma 70 and NusA with core RNA polymerase, both free in solution and as a part of the functional transcription 91311676 Enhancement of RNA polymerase II initiation complexes by a novel DNA control domain downstream from the cap site of the cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter. Ghazal P; Nelson JA J Virol 65: 2299-307 (1991) The major immediate-early promoter (MIEP) of human cytomegalovirus is a remarkably strong RNA polymerase II transcription control unit. We have identified and characterized a novel regulatory domain a91202567 Redundant elements in the adenovirus type 5 inverted terminal repeat promote bidirectional transcription in vitro and are important for virus growth in vivo. Hatfield L; Hearing P Virology 184: 265-76 (1991) The adenovirus inverted terminal repeat (ITR) contains a number of cis-acting elements that are involved in the initiation of viral DNA replication, as well as multiple binding motifs for the cellular91335757 Induction of cellular transcription factors in trigeminal ganglia of mice by corneal scarification, herpes simplex virus type 1 infection, and explantation of trigeminal ganglia. Valyi-Nagy T; Deshmane S; Dillner A; Fraser NW J Virol 65: 4142-52 (1991) In a mouse model for herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency in which the virus was inoculated via the eye after corneal scarification, HSV-1 replicated in corneal epithelial cells and infected th91303665 HBP-1a and HBP-1b: leucine zipper-type transcription factors of wheat. Tabata T; Nakayama T; Mikami K; Iwabuchi M EMBO J 10: 1459-67 (1991) Wheat transcription factors HBP-1a and HBP-1b bind to the hexamer motif, ACGTCA, of wheat histone gene promoters. HBP-1b also binds to the hexamer motif in the promoter of the 35S RNA gene of cauliflo91224097 The chloroplast transcription apparatus from mustard (Sinapis alba L.). Evidence for three different transcription factors which resemble bacterial sigma factors. Tiller K; Eisermann A; Link G Eur J Biochem 198: 93-9 (1991) A chloroplast protein fraction with sigma-like activity [Bulow, S. & Link, G. (1988) Plant Mol. Biol. 10, 349-357], was further purified and characterized. Chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, DEAE-Se91249819 Promoter elements and factors involved in hepatic transcription of the human ApoA-I gene positive and negative regulators bind to overlapping sites. Papazafiri P; Ogami K; Ramji DP; Nicosia A; Monaci P; Cladaras C; Zannis VI J Biol Chem 266: 5790-7 (1991) DNase I footprinting analysis of the proximal apoA-I promoter sequences with rat liver nuclear extracts identified four protected regions: A, -22 to +17; B, -128 to -77; C, -175 to -148; and D, -220 t91170257 Cooperation between upstream and downstream elements of the adenovirus major late promoter for maximal late phase-specific transcription. Mondesert G; Kedinger C Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3221-8 (1991) Transcription from the adenovirus major late promoter (MLP) is greatly stimulated during lytic infection, after replication of the viral DNA has started. This replication-dependent activation has prev91288197 Evidence for a factor required for transcriptional stimulation by the chimeric acidic activator GAL-VP16 in HeLa cell extracts. White JH; Brou C; Wu J; Burton N; Egly JM; Chambon P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7674-8 (1991) We provide biochemical evidence for the existence of a transcriptional intermediary factor (TIF) in HeLa whole-cell extracts (WCE) that is distinct from the basic transcription factors and that is req91352051 All internal promoter elements of Neurospora crassa 5 S rRNA and tRNA genes, including the A boxes, are functionally gene-specific. Shi YG; Tyler BM J Biol Chem 266: 8015-9 (1991) The internal control elements of Neurospora crassa 5 S genes include an A box and a C box as in Xenopus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, plus a novel element, the Ribo box at position +18 to +34. The Rib91217023 Alternative pathway for induction of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression: involvement of the general transcription machinery. Sakaguchi M; Zenzie-Gregory B; Groopman JE; Smale ST; Kim SY J Virol 65: 5448-56 (1991) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is viable and mitogen inducible in the absence of its binding sites for the inducible transcription factor NF-kappa B. We have investigated alternative mech91374598 Repression of the human glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene by glucocorticoids: evidence for receptor interactions with limiting transcriptional activators. Chatterjee VK; Madison LD; Mayo S; Jameson JL Mol Endocrinol 5: 100-10 (1991) Expression of the glycoprotein hormone alpha gene is regulated divergently by glucocorticoids in different cell types. Coexpression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) with an alpha-CAT reporter gene 91203918 HTLV-1 Tax induces expression of various immediate early serum responsive genes. Fujii M; Niki T; Mori T; Matsuda T; Matsui M; Nomura N; Seiki M Oncogene 6: 1023-9 (1991) Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). We showed here by mobility-shift assay that T-cell lines transformed with the virus contained high l91296379 RNA polymerase II-associated proteins are required for a DNA conformation change in the transcription initiation complex. Buratowski S; Sopta M; Greenblatt J; Sharp PA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7509-13 (1991) Proteins purified on the basis of their affinity for RNA polymerase II effectively substitute for previously defined transcription initiation factors. In two assays, formation of initiation complexes 91352017 RNA polymerase II elongation complex. Elongation complexes purified using an anti-RNA antibody do not contain initiation factor alpha. Reines D J Biol Chem 266: 10510-7 (1991) Gene expression in eukaryotes can be regulated by controlling the efficiency of transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II. The composition of the elongation complex is, however, poorly understood. Pr91244829 Differential transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression of the colony-stimulating factors by interleukin-1 and fetal bovine serum in murine fibroblasts. Falkenburg JH; Harrington MA; de Paus RA; Walsh WK; Daub R; Landegent JE; Broxmeyer HE Blood 78: 658-65 (1991) Colony-stimulating factors (CSF) are important factors in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), and in the survival and activation of mature blood cells. Inter91316278 Transformation suppressor activity of a Jun transcription factor lacking its activation domain. Lloyd A; Yancheva N; Wasylyk B Nature 352: 635-8 (1991) The oncoprotein c-Jun is thought to be a mediator of ras transformation as both its synthesis and activity as a transcription factor are stimulated by ras expression. But c-Jun co-operates with ras in91326101 Transcriptional interference between the EBV transcription factors EB1 and R: both DNA-binding and activation domains of EB1 are required. Giot JF; Mikaelian I; Buisson M; Manet E; Joab I; Nicolas JC; Sergeant A Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1251-8 (1991) The switch from latency to a productive infection in EBV-infected B cells is linked to the expression of two viral sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors called EB1 and R. EB1 shares sequ91232905 Transcription and cancer. Cox PM; Goding CR Br J Cancer 63: 651-62 (1991) The normal growth, development and function of an organism requires precise and co-ordinated control of gene expression. A major part of this control is exerted by regulating messenger RNA (mRNA) prod91248605 Enhancer activation by a single type of transcription factor shows cell type dependence. Forsberg M; Westin G EMBO J 10: 2543-51 (1991) Promoter and enhancer elements contain multiple binding sites for ubiquitous and cell type-specific transcription factors which stimulate transcription synergistically. Here we show that cell type-dep91330877 Role of heat shock transcription factor in yeast metallothionein gene expression. Yang WM; Gahl W; Hamer D Mol Cell Biol 11: 3676-81 (1991) The induction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metallothionein gene transcription by Cu and Ag is mediated by the ACE1 transcription factor. In an effort to detect additional stimuli and factors that regul91260716 The functional BPV-1 E2 trans-activating protein can act as a repressor by preventing formation of the initiation complex. Dostatni N; Lambert PF; Sousa R; Ham J; Howley PM; Yaniv M Genes Dev 5: 1657-71 (1991) The products encoded by the E2 open reading frame of the papillomaviruses are DNA-binding transcription factors involved in the positive or negative regulation of multiple viral promoters. To further 91357480 Mechanisms of complex transcriptional regulation: implications for brain development. He X; Rosenfeld MG Neuron 7: 183-96 (1991) The large number of transcription factors, their diverse sequence-specific interactions with DNA sites and with other transcription factors, and their ability to be modified in response to a variety o91337447 Expression of rat serum amyloid A1 gene involves both C/EBP-like and NF kappa B-like transcription factors. Li XX; Liao WS J Biol Chem 266: 15192-201 (1991) Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute-phase protein synthesized and secreted mainly by the liver. During inflammation, its expression is increased by 1000-fold as the result of greatly increased gene91332040 A liver protein fraction regulating hormone-dependent in vitro transcription from the vitellogenin genes induces their expression in Xenopus oocytes. Corthesy B; Corthesy-Theulaz I; Cardinaux JR; Wahli W Mol Endocrinol 5: 159-69 (1991) Xenopus laevis oocytes were used to assay for trans-acting factors shown previously to be involved in the liver-specific regulation of the vitellogenin genes in vitro. To this end, crude liver nuclear91246213 Molecular characterization of transcription factors that bind to the cAMP responsive region of the substance P precursor gene. cDNA cloning of a novel C/EBP-related factor. Kageyama R; Sasai Y; Nakanishi S J Biol Chem 266: 15525-31 (1991) A cAMP response element (CRE) plays an important role in the cAMP-mediated gene regulation. Several factors that recognize a CRE have been characterized, and it has been shown that they need either co91332085 Beta-casein gene promoter activity is regulated by the hormone-mediated relief of transcriptional repression and a mammary-gland-specific nuclear factor. Schmitt-Ney M; Doppler W; Ball RK; Groner B Mol Cell Biol 11: 3745-55 (1991) Transcription from the beta-casein milk protein gene promoter is induced by the synergistic action of glucocorticoid and prolactin hormones in the murine mammary epithelial cell line, HC11. We analyze91260724 Murine and human T-lymphocyte GATA-3 factors mediate transcription through a cis-regulatory element within the human T-cell receptor delta gene enhancer. Ko LJ; Yamamoto M; Leonard MW; George KM; Ting P; Engel JD Mol Cell Biol 11: 2778-84 (1991) A family of transcriptional activators has recently been identified in chickens; these transcriptional activators recognize a common consensus motif (WGATAR) through a conserved C4 zinc finger DNA-bin91203899 The extracellular matrix coordinately modulates liver transcription factors and hepatocyte morphology. DiPersio CM; Jackson DA; Zaret KS Mol Cell Biol 11: 4405-14 (1991) The extracellular matrix (ECM) promotes tissue morphogenesis, cell migration, and the differentiation of a variety of cell types. However, the mechanisms by which ECM causes differentiated gene expres91342641 Site-directed mutagenesis of hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) binding sites in the mouse transthyretin (TTR) promoter reveal synergistic interactions with its enhancer region. Costa RH; Grayson DR Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4139-45 (1991) The transthyretin (TTR) gene is regulated by two DNA regions which elicit hepatocyte-specific expression: a proximal promoter and distal enhancer. The TTR promoter and enhancer are composed of at leas91334121 The initiator directs the assembly of a transcription factor IID-dependent transcription complex. Carcamo J; Buckbinder L; Reinberg D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 8052-6 (1991) Highly purified RNA polymerase II was found to be able to weakly recognize the initiator (Inr) present in the adenovirus IVa2 and major late promoters. The association of RNA polymerase II with the In91376085 Transcriptional regulation of interferon-stimulated genes. Williams BR Eur J Biochem 200: 1-11 (1991) Interferons (IFN) stimulate the expression of a number of genes following interaction with specific high-affinity plasma membrane receptors. The products of these genes either singly or coordinately m91348025 E1A-mediated activation of the adenovirus E4 promoter can occur independently of the cellular transcription factor E4F. Jones C; Lee KA Mol Cell Biol 11: 4297-305 (1991) The cellular factors E4F and ATF-2 (a member of the activating transcription factor [ATF] family) bind to common sites in the adenovirus E4 promoter and have both been suggested to mediate transcripti91342628 Both Oct-1 and Oct-2A contain domains which can activate the ubiquitously expressed U2 snRNA genes. Yang J; Muller-Immergluck MM; Seipel K; Janson L; Westin G; Schaffner W; Pettersson U EMBO J 10: 2291-6 (1991) The U2 snRNA genes, which are transcribed by RNA polymerase II at high levels in all tissues examined, require both a distal and a proximal sequence element for efficient expression. The distal sequen91293105 Use of in vitro protein synthesis from polymerase chain reaction-generated templates to study interaction of Escherichia coli transcription factors with core RNA polymerase and for epitope mapping of Lesley SA; Brow MA; Burgess RR J Biol Chem 266: 2632-8 (1991) The interaction of two Escherichia coli transcription factors (sigma 54 and sigma 32) with the core RNA polymerase was studied here. We examined the core binding ability of various fragments of these 91115894 Promoter melting by a stage-specific vaccinia virus transcription factor is independent of the presence of RNA polymerase. Vos JC; Sasker M; Stunnenberg HG Cell 65: 105-13 (1991) Fractionation of an extract prepared from HeLa cells infected with vaccinia virus resulted in the separation of factors involved in vaccinia virus intermediate transcription. Two activities, VITF-A an91191549 In vitro analysis of the rat liver-type arginase promoter. Takiguchi M; Mori M J Biol Chem 266: 9186-93 (1991) Genes for urea cycle enzymes including liver-type arginase are expressed mainly in the liver and are regulated developmentally, nutritionally, and hormonally in a coordinated manner. The promoter regi91225026 Transcriptional control by nuclear receptors. Beato M FASEB J 5: 2044-51 (1991) Gene regulation by steroid hormones is accomplished by a variety of different mechanisms leading to induction or repression of particular genes. These mechanisms are all mediated by a single class of 91184576 Thionein (apometallothionein) can modulate DNA binding and transcription activation by zinc finger containing factor Sp1. Zeng J; Heuchel R; Schaffner W; Kagi JH FEBS Lett 279: 310-2 (1991) A number of transcription factors contain so-called zinc finger domains for the interaction with their cognate DNA sequence. It has been shown that removal of the zinc ions complexed in these zinc fin91160740 Facilitated binding of GAL4 and heat shock factor to nucleosomal templates: differential function of DNA-binding domains. Taylor IC; Workman JL; Schuetz TJ; Kingston RE Genes Dev 5: 1285-98 (1991) Regulatory factors must contend with chromatin structure to function. Although nucleosome structure and position on promoters can be important in determining factor access, the intrinsic ability of fa91293588 Differential phosphorylation of the transcription factor Oct1 during the cell cycle. Roberts SB; Segil N; Heintz N Science 253: 1022-6 (1991) Orderly progression through the somatic cell division cycle is accompanied by phase-specific transcription of a variety of different genes. During S phase, transcription of mammalian histone H2B genes91361057 Interactions between adenovirus E1A and members of the AP-1 family of cellular transcription factors. Maguire K; Shi XP; Horikoshi N; Rappaport J; Rosenberg M; Weinmann R Oncogene 6: 1417-22 (1991) We have studied interactions between bacterially produced E1A linked to Sepharose and the various DNA-binding proteins present in HeLa cell nuclear extracts (NE). DNA-binding activities and cross-reac91360276 Degradation of transcription factors, c-Jun and c-Fos, by calpain. Hirai S; Kawasaki H; Yaniv M; Suzuki K FEBS Lett 287: 57-61 (1991) c-Jun protein, and AP1/PEA1 transcription factor component, is a typical short-lived protein, and like other short-lived proteins such as c-Fos, contains PEST regions. Calcium-dependent neutral protea91348230 Differential regulation of hepatocyte-enriched transcription factors explains changes in albumin and transthyretin gene expression among hepatoma cells. Herbst RS; Nielsch U; Sladek F; Lai E; Babiss LE; Darnell JE Jr New Biol 3: 289-96 (1991) To investigate the regulation of genes whose expression is enriched in liver we studied expression of the albumin and transthyretin (TTR) genes in a series of rat hepatoma cell lines (FaO, C2, C2rev7,91346140 Induced factor binding to the interferon-stimulated response element. Interferon-alpha and platelet-derived growth factor utilize distinct signaling pathways. Hannigan GE; Williams BR J Biol Chem 266: 8765-70 (1991) Interferon-alpha (IFN alpha) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) each rapidly stimulate binding of nuclear factors from Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts, to a 29-base pair regulatory sequence derived from91224969 Molecular cloning and characterization of two genes encoding sigma factors that direct transcription from a Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein gene promoter. Adams LF; Brown KL; Whiteley HR J Bacteriol 173: 3846-54 (1991) Two sigma factors, sigma 35 and sigma 28, direct transcription from the Bt I and Bt II promoters of the cryIA(a) gene of Bacillus thuringiensis; this gene encodes a lepidopteran-specific crystal proto91267951 Multiple sets of adjacent mu E1 and oct-1 binding sites upstream of the pseudorabies virus immediate-early gene promoter. Kozmik Z; Arnold L; Paces V Virology 182: 239-49 (1991) Binding of cellular proteins to specific motifs in the promoter region of the immediate-early gene of pseudorabies virus was studied. The region was dissected into several portions that were used with91220656 Identification of LRF-1, a leucine-zipper protein that is rapidly and highly induced in regenerating liver. Hsu JC; Laz T; Mohn KL; Taub R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3511-5 (1991) Liver regeneration provides one of the few systems for analysis of mitogenesis in the fully developed, intact animal. Several proteins have been identified as part of the primary growth response in re91219401 Rel-associated pp40: an inhibitor of the rel family of transcription factors. Davis N; Ghosh S; Simmons DL; Tempst P; Liou HC; Baltimore D; Bose HR Jr Science 253: 1268-71 (1991) The Rel-associated protein pp40 is functionally related to I kappa B, an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Purified pp40 inhibits the DNA binding activity of the NF-kappa B protein com91368196 Activation of class II gene transcription by regulatory factors is potentiated by a novel activity. Meisterernst M; Roy AL; Lieu HM; Roeder RG Cell 66: 981-93 (1991) A novel activity (USA) stimulated activator-dependent transcription in a reconstituted system in conjunction with natural TFIID, resulting in 10- to 50-fold levels of induction by regulatory factors. 91364179 Regulation of the Xenopus laevis transcription factor IIIA gene during oogenesis and early embryogenesis: negative elements repress the O-TFIIIA promoter in embryonic cells. Pfaff SL; Hall RK; Hart GC; Taylor WL Dev Biol 145: 241-54 (1991) Expression of the Xenopus laevis transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) gene is developmentally regulated. In this study we have used defined nucleotide mutations to map cis-elements involved in transcrip91250005 DNA superhelicity affects the formation of transcription preinitiation complex on eukaryotic genes differently. Mizutani M; Ura K; Hirose S Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2907-11 (1991) In vitro transcription was reconstituted with HeLa cell transcription factors and RNA polymerase II, which were essentially free from DNA topoisomerase activities. DNA templates with defined negative 91279442 Expression from the murine p53 promoter is mediated by factor binding to a downstream helix-loop-helix recognition motif. Ronen D; Rotter V; Reisman D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4128-32 (1991) Expression of the p53 gene plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and malignant transformation. Overexpression of mutant forms of p53 is in fact a common feature of many t91239520 The immunosuppressant FK-506 specifically inhibits mitogen-induced activation of the interleukin-2 promoter and the isolated enhancer elements NFIL-2A and NF-AT1. Banerji SS; Parsons JN; Tocci MJ Mol Cell Biol 11: 4074-87 (1991) The macrolide FK-506, like the cyclic undecapeptide cyclosporin A (CsA), is a potent immunosuppressant that interferes with the transcriptional activation of several early-phase genes in T lymphocytes91304399 Developmental regulation of transcription factor AP-2 during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis. Winning RS; Shea LJ; Marcus SJ; Sargent TD Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3709-14 (1991) We have isolated a cDNA clone encoding the Xenopus homologue of the transcription factor AP-2 (XAP-2). The predicted amino acid sequence derived from the Xenopus cDNA shows very strong conservation wi91305120 Transcriptional regulation by Fos and Jun in vitro: interaction among multiple activator and regulatory domains. Abate C; Luk D; Curran T Mol Cell Biol 11: 3624-32 (1991) The proteins encoded by the proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun (Fos and Jun, respectively) form a heterodimeric complex that regulates transcription by interacting with the DNA-regulatory element known a91260711 A class III transcription factor composed of RNA [see comments] Young LS; Dunstan HM; Witte PR; Smith TP; Ottonello S; Sprague KU Science 252: 542-6 (1991) It is generally assumed that the machinery that transcribes genes is composed entirely of polypeptides. However, in vitro transcription by silkworm RNA polymerase III requires a transcription factor t91212972 Nuclear association of a T-cell transcription factor blocked by FK-506 and cyclosporin A [see comments] Flanagan WM; Corthesy B; Bram RJ; Crabtree GR Nature 352: 803-7 (1991) Cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit T- and B-cell activation and other processes essential to an effective immune response. In T lymphocytes these drugs disrupt an unknown step in the transmission of sign91351285 Analysis of the DNA-binding and activation properties of the human transcription factor AP-2. Williams T; Tjian R Genes Dev 5: 670-82 (1991) The mammalian transcription factor AP-2 is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein expressed in neural crest lineages and regulated by retinoic acid. Here we report a structure/function analysis of th91184621 The CACC box upstream of human embryonic epsilon globin gene binds Sp1 and is a functional promoter element in vitro and in vivo. Yu CY; Motamed K; Chen J; Bailey AD; Shen CK J Biol Chem 266: 8907-15 (1991) DNA sequences 179 base pairs upstream and 23 base pairs downstream of the cap site of human embryonic epsilon globin gene exhibit promoter activity in transfected cell cultures. The nuclear factor bin91224987 Increased DNA binding and transcriptional activity associated with transcription factor Sp1 in K562 cells transfected with the myeloid-specific c-fes tyrosine kinase gene. Borellini F; He YF; Aquino A; Yu G; Josephs SF; Glazer RI J Biol Chem 266: 15850-4 (1991) Myeloblast cell line K562, when stably transfected with the human genomic c-fes sequence encoding a proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase, acquires the characteristics of more mature granulocytic cel91340726 Cloning and sequence analysis of TFE, a helix-loop-helix transcription factor able to recognize the thyroglobulin gene promoter in vitro. Javaux F; Donda A; Vassart G; Christophe D Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1121-7 (1991) A cDNA that encodes a transcription factor able to recognize the thyroglobulin gene promoter in vitro was isolated from a dog thyroid cDNA expression library in lambda gt11. The library was screened w91212194 Steroid hormone receptors and in vitro transcription. Allan GF; Tsai SY; O'Malley BW; Tsai MJ Bioessays 13: 73-8 (1991) Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-inducible transcription factors that exhibit potent effect on gene expression in living cells. Precise dissection of their mode of action at the molecular level ca91229570 Independent regulation of HNF-1 alpha and HNF-1 beta by retinoic acid in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Kuo CJ; Mendel DB; Hansen LP; Crabtree GR EMBO J 10: 2231-6 (1991) Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1 alpha (HNF-1 alpha) and HNF-1 beta are homeodomain-containing transcription factors which interact with the GTTAATNATTAAC motif essential to the function of more than 15 pr91293099 Binding of proteins of HeLa S3 cell extract to oligonucleotides containing the consensus interferon-response sequence (IRS) and to the IRS-containing fragment of the human c-myc gene. Turpaev KT; Itkes AV; Alexandrova NM; Pokrovskaya OV; Imamova LR; Chernov BK; Kisselev LL Eur J Biochem 200: 107-11 (1991) The human c-myc proto-oncogene was recently found to contain a regulatory sequence similar to the consensus interferon-response sequence (IRS) of interferon-activating genes. Binding of regulatory pro91348027 A variant octamer motif in a Xenopus H2B histone gene promoter is not required for transcription in frog oocytes. Hinkley C; Perry M Mol Cell Biol 11: 641-54 (1991) Xenopus oocytes, arrested in G2 before the first meiotic division, accumulate histone mRNA and protein in the absence of chromosomal DNA replication and therefore represent an attractive biological sy91117230 NF-I proteins from brain interact with the proenkephalin cAMP inducible enhancer. Chu HM; Fischer WH; Osborne TF; Comb MJ Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2721-8 (1991) A short region of the human proenkephalin promoter has been shown previously to mediate transcriptional regulation in response to activation of the cAMP, TPA, and Ca+ + dependent intracellular signall91252218 The Egr family of nuclear signal transducers. Sukhatme VP Am J Kidney Dis 17: 615-8 (1991) Extracellular ligands regulate the induction of several genes without the need for de novo protein synthesis. A subset of these so-called immediate-early response genes (IEG) encode transcription fact91253594 Towards a molecular understanding of T-cell differentiation. Clevers HC; Owen MJ Immunol Today 12: 86-92 (1991) Lymphoid differentiation is one of the best studied examples of mammalian development. Here Hans Clevers and Michael Owen describe how the cloning of the genes that encode T-cell-specific membrane pro91282927 Identification of a tumor necrosis factor-responsive element in the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene. Leitman DC; Ribeiro RC; Mackow ER; Baxter JD; West BL J Biol Chem 266: 9343-6 (1991) The regulation by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) of its own promoter has been investigated by transient transfection and nuclear protein binding assays. In human K652 erythroleukemia cells TNF prod91236691 Transcription factor AP2 and its role in epidermal-specific gene expression. Leask A; Byrne C; Fuchs E Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7948-52 (1991) The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium whose major differentiation-specific products are keratins. To elucidate factors controlling keratinocyte-specific gene expression, we previously iden91376063 Characterization of the mouse junD promoter--high basal level activity due to an octamer motif. de Groot RP; Karperien M; Pals C; Kruijer W EMBO J 10: 2523-32 (1991) The product of the junD gene belongs to the Jun/Fos family of nuclear DNA binding transcription factors. This family regulates the expression of TPA responsive genes by binding to the TPA responsive e91330875 v-Src and EJ Ras alleviate repression of c-Jun by a cell-specific inhibitor. Baichwal VR; Park A; Tjian R Nature 352: 165-8 (1991) The AP-1 family of transcription factors, which includes the proto-oncogene products c-Jun and c-Fos, controls the stimulation of cellular genes by growth factors and the expression of oncogenes, incl91296029 Molecular cloning and expression of a protein-tyrosine phosphatase showing homology with transcription factors Fos and Jun. Swarup G; Kamatkar S; Radha V; Rema V FEBS Lett 280: 65-9 (1991) A cDNA clone coding for a protein-tyrosine phosphatase (PTPase) was isolated from a rat spleen cDNA library. Nucleotide sequence of the clone showed an open reading frame coding for a polypeptide of 391184422 The early response gene NGFI-C encodes a zinc finger transcriptional activator and is a member of the GCGGGGGCG (GSG) element-binding protein family. Crosby SD; Puetz JJ; Simburger KS; Fahrner TJ; Milbrandt J Mol Cell Biol 11: 3835-41 (1991) We have cloned NGFI-C, a nerve growth factor-induced early-response gene which encodes a Cys2/His2 zinc finger protein. RNA blot analysis demonstrates that NGFI-C mRNA is induced within minutes of sti91304373 Gap genes and gradients--the logic behind the gaps. Hulskamp M; Tautz D Bioessays 13: 261-8 (1991) Gap genes stand at the top of the zygotic segmentation hierarchy in Drosophila. Their expression domains are set up by a combination of maternal regulatory signals and interactions among themselves. I91369365 Enhancers and transcription factors controlling the inducibility of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter in primary macrophages. Drouet C; Shakhov AN; Jongeneel CV J Immunol 147: 1694-700 (1991) In macrophages, the TNF-alpha promoter is specifically induced by bacterial endotoxin, and provides a good model for gene regulation during bacterial infections. We have analyzed the protein-binding c91349595 Activity and enhancer binding factors for BK virus regulatory elements in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cells. Nakshatri H; Pater MM; Pater A Virology 183: 374-80 (1991) We have studied cell type specificity of expression of the human papovavirus BK regulatory elements in undifferentiated and differentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells as a model system. While the a91272499 Triiodothyronine stimulates and cyclic AMP inhibits transcription of the gene for malic enzyme in chick embryo hepatocytes in culture. Salati LM; Ma XJ; McCormick CC; Stapleton SR; Goodridge AG J Biol Chem 266: 4010-6 (1991) In chick embryo hepatocytes in culture, insulin and triiodothyronine (T3) increase malic enzyme activity and the abundance of malic enzyme mRNA by at least 50-fold, and glucagon or cAMP blocks this ef91139705 Complex regulation of transcription from the hepatitis B virus major surface antigen promoter in human hepatoma cell lines. Raney AK; Milich DR; McLachlan A J Virol 65: 4805-11 (1991) A detailed mutational analysis of the regulatory DNA sequence elements that control expression of the hepatitis B virus major surface antigen gene was performed in the human hepatoma cell lines HepG2.91333023 In vitro transcription of the hepatitis B virus gene by nuclear extracts of human hepatoma cells. Nishizono A; Maeno M; Hiraga M; Hirai H; Esumi M; Shikata T Virology 182: 545-52 (1991) In vitro transcription of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV DNA) was studied using nuclear extracts of human hepatoma cell lines. RNA polymerase II-dependent run-off transcription of pre-S mRNA under the con91220704 Tissue-specific expression of the platelet GPIIb gene. Uzan G; Prenant M; Prandini MH; Martin F; Marguerie G J Biol Chem 266: 8932-9 (1991) One of the major objectives in the study of thrombogenesis is to determine the mechanisms by which a hematopoietic progenitor is activated and committed to the megakaryocytic lineage. Recent developme91224990 Chicken beta B1-crystallin gene expression: presence of conserved functional polyomavirus enhancer-like and octamer binding-like promoter elements found in non-lens genes. Roth HJ; Das GC; Piatigorsky J Mol Cell Biol 11: 1488-99 (1991) Expression of the chicken beta B1-crystallin gene was examined. Northern (RNA) blot and primer extension analyses showed that while abundant in the lens, the beta B1 mRNA is absent from the liver, bra91141498 Steroid hormone receptors. Jensen EV Curr Top Pathol 83: 365-431 (1991) In the three decades since the original discovery of receptors for steroid hormones, much has been learned about the biochemical processes by which these regulatory agents exert their effects in targe91176792 Escherichia coli sigma 70 and NusA proteins. II. Physical properties and self-association states. Gill SC; Yager TD; von Hippel PH J Mol Biol 220: 325-33 (1991) In this paper we examine the physical properties and potential for self-association of the Escherichia coli transcription factors, sigma 70 and NusA. We show, by a combination of chemical crosslinking91311677 The functional domains of the murine Thy-1 gene promoter. Spanopoulou E; Giguere V; Grosveld F Mol Cell Biol 11: 2216-28 (1991) The Thy-1 gene promoter resembles a "housekeeping" promoter in that it is located within a methylation-free island, lacks a canonical TATA box, and displays heterogeneity in the 5'-end termini of the 91172211 Regulation of parathyroid hormone-like peptide in cultured normal human keratinocytes. Effect of growth factors and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on gene expression and secretion. Kremer R; Karaplis AC; Henderson J; Gulliver W; Banville D; Hendy GN; Goltzman D J Clin Invest 87: 884-93 (1991) We have examined the expression and secretion of endogenous parathyroid hormone-like peptide (PLP) in primary cultures of normal human keratinocytes. In response to growth factors and fetal bovine ser91154403 A GC-rich element confers epidermal growth factor responsiveness to transcription from the gastrin promoter. Merchant JL; Demediuk B; Brand SJ Mol Cell Biol 11: 2686-96 (1991) Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor alpha are important determinants of mucosal integrity in the gastrointestinal tract, and they act both directly and indirectly to prevent u91203889 The role of SW14 and SW16 in the activity of G1 cyclins in yeast. Nasmyth K; Dirick L Cell 66: 995-1013 (1991) Entry into the mitotic cycle (START) requires a protein kinase encoded by the CDC28 gene and one of three redundant G1-specific cyclins encoded by CLN1, -2, and -3. SWI4 and SWI6 are transcription fac91364180 Analysis of polyomavirus enhancer-effect on DNA replication and early gene expression. Nilsson M; Osterlund M; Magnusson G J Mol Biol 218: 479-83 (1991) The polyomavirus enhancer is located adjacent to the origin of DNA replication and the transcriptional promoters. It has a cis-acting essential function in the initiation of both viral DNA synthesis a91202524 Cloning, expression, and transcriptional properties of the human enhancer factor TEF-1. Xiao JH; Davidson I; Matthes H; Garnier JM; Chambon P Cell 65: 551-68 (1991) We describe the cDNA encoding the SV40 transcriptional enhancer factor 1 (TEF-1) and show that its translation initiates exclusively at an AUU codon in vivo. Cloned TEF-1, which is unrelated to other 91235292 Requirement for acidic amino acid residues immediately N-terminal to the conserved domain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae TFIID. Zhou QA; Schmidt MC; Berk AJ EMBO J 10: 1843-52 (1991) TFIID binds to TATA boxes and initiates the assembly of general transcription factors and pol II on promoters. TFIID proteins from various species consist of a highly conserved carboxy terminal domain91266914 Cloning of a human gene encoding the general transcription initiation factor IIB. Ha I; Lane WS; Reinberg D Nature 352: 689-95 (1991) Transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) has a central role in transcription of class II genes. The purification of the human TFIIB protein and isolation of a complementary DNA encoding TFIIB activity is repo91342994 Krox-20: a candidate gene for the regulation of pattern formation in the hindbrain. Gilardi P; Schneider-Maunoury S; Charnay P Biochimie 73: 85-91 (1991) The mouse gene Krox-20 was isolated on the basis of cross-hybridization with Kruppel, a Drosophila segmentation gene. During recent years, an accumulation of structural, biochemical and expression dat91234777 DNA methylation. The effect of minor bases on DNA-protein interactions. Adams RL Biochem J 126: 29-40 (1991) DNA methylation is found almost ubiquitously in nature and the methyltransferases show evidence of a common evolutionary origin. It will be a fascinating study in protein evolution to follow the ways 91182046 Autoregulation of a segmentation gene in Drosophila: combinatorial interaction of the even-skipped homeo box protein with a distal enhancer element. Jiang J; Hoey T; Levine M Genes Dev 5: 265-77 (1991) Autoregulation has been implicated in the expression of many patterning genes in Drosophila, but the molecular details of this process are largely unknown. In the case of the segmentation gene even-sk91138960 Repression of the human papillomavirus type 18 enhancer by the cellular transcription factor Oct-1. Hoppe-Seyler F; Butz K; zur Hausen H J Virol 65: 5613-8 (1991) The role of cellular factors involved in the transcriptional regulation of the cancer-associated human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV18) is yet poorly understood. The presence of an Oct-1-binding site wi91374626 Glucocorticoids are required for establishment and maintenance of an alteration in chromatin structure: induction leads to a reversible disruption of nucleosomes over an enhancer. Reik A; Schutz G; Stewart AF EMBO J 10: 2569-76 (1991) Induction of the rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene (TAT) with glucocorticoid hormones leads to formation of a nuclease hypersensitive site at the hormone-dependent enhancer located 2.5 kb upstream of91330880 Nuclear targets for transcription regulation by oncogenes. Gutman A; Wasylyk B Trends Genet 7: 49-54 (1991) Recent discoveries have highlighted the importance of transcription in cellular transformation. Transcription factors have a crucial role as nuclear targets that convert mitogenic signals from oncogen91240559 Transforming growth factor-beta suppresses human B lymphocyte Ig production by inhibiting synthesis and the switch from the membrane form to the secreted form of Ig mRNA. Kehrl JH; Thevenin C; Rieckmann P; Fauci AS J Immunol 146: 4016-23 (1991) Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) inhibits B cell Ig secretion and reduces B cell membrane Ig expression. The addition of TGF-beta to human B lymphocyte cultures stimulated with Staphylococcu91237114 Down-regulation of lck mRNA by T cell activation involves transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Paillard F; Vaquero C Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4655-61 (1991) The p56lck tyrosine kinase is most likely to be involved in signal transduction of T lymphocyte activation. After full activation through the TcR/CD3 complex lck mRNA is transiently down-modulated. Th91367661 An NF kappa B-like factor is essential but not sufficient for cytokine induction of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) gene transcription. Whelan J; Ghersa P; Hooft van Huijsduijnen R; Gray J; Chandra G; Talabot F; DeLamarter JF Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2645-53 (1991) The endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) is transiently expressed specifically on the surface of cytokine-induced endothelial cells. We demonstrate that the transient expression of the p91252208 Termination of transcription in an 'in vitro' system is dependent on a polyadenylation sequence. Miralles VJ Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3593-9 (1991) Using HeLa cell nuclear extract as a source of the different transcription and polyadenylation factors and reverse transcription to analyze the levels of RNA 5' and 3' to the cleavage-polyadenylation 91305102 Transcriptional regulation of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 mRNA in Hep G2 cells by epidermal growth factor. Hopkins WE; Westerhausen DR Jr; Sobel BE; Billadello JJ Nucleic Acids Res 19: 163-8 (1991) Secretion of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) by cultured cells is increased after exposure to specific cytokines and growth factors. We have shown previously that incubation of Hep G2 c91187613 How are the regulators regulated? Falvey E; Schibler U FASEB J 5: 309-14 (1991) The cell-type-specific expression of many genes is determined at the level of transcription. Transcription factors, acting at promoter and enhancer elements, are involved in the control of this proces91160862 Binding of thymic factors to the conserved decanucleotide promoter element of the T-cell receptor V beta gene is developmentally regulated and is absent in SCID mice. Lanier ER; Brown RM; Kraig E Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 8131-5 (1991) The gene segments encoding the beta chain of the T-cell antigen receptor undergo rearrangement in a precise developmental order: a D beta gene segment joins to a J beta gene segment prior to the rearr91376099 Protein binding regions in the mouse and rat protamine-2 genes. Johnson PA; Bunick D; Hecht NB Biol Reprod 44: 127-34 (1991) To help define the regulatory mechanisms for tissue-specific and temporal transcription of the mouse protamine genes, the mouse protamine-2 gene was examined in vitro using protein-DNA binding assays 91198361 Purification and characterization of an enhancer-binding protein of the fibroin gene. II. Functional analyses of fibroin factor 1. Suzuki T; Takiya S; Matsuno K; Ohno K; Ueno K; Suzuki Y J Biol Chem 266: 16942-7 (1991) Fibroin factor 1 (FF1) when coupled with fibroin factor 2 (FF2) is an enhancer binding protein of the fibroin gene. FF1a, one type of FF1, has been purified to homogeneity from crude nuclear extracts 91358501 Positive and negative factors regulate the transcription of the ETS2 gene via an oncogene-responsive-like unit within the ETS2 promoter region. Mavrothalassitis GJ; Papas TS Cell Growth Differ 2: 215-24 (1991) The DNA-protein interactions in the ETS2 promoter have been studied. Three distinct sequence motifs have been identified, each of which interacts with at least two distinctive protein complexes. The G91363289 The AP-1 site and the cAMP- and serum response elements of the c-fos gene are constitutively occupied in vivo. Dey A; Nebert DW; Ozato K DNA Cell Biol 10: 537-44 (1991) The c-fos proto-oncogene is inducible by cAMP, phorbol esters, serum, and growth factors. The induction by cAMP is mediated by the conserved cAMP response element (CRE), while induction by phorbol est91369482 A nexus between Oct-4 and E1A: implications for gene regulation in embryonic stem cells. Scholer HR; Ciesiolka T; Gruss P Cell 66: 291-304 (1991) Oct-4 is a transcription factor expressed in the pluripotent progenitor cells of the early mouse embryo. Additional factors are required for the distal activation of genes in differentiated cells cont91309142 The leucine zipper symmetrically positions the adjacent basic regions for specific DNA binding. Pu WT; Struhl K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6901-5 (1991) The bZIP structural motif present in several eukaryotic transcription factors is defined by the leucine zipper, a coiled-coil dimerization interface, and an adjacent basic region that directly interac91334375 Functional activity of myogenic HLH proteins requires hetero-oligomerization with E12/E47-like proteins in vivo. Lassar AB; Davis RL; Wright WE; Kadesch T; Murre C; Voronova A; Baltimore D; Weintraub H Cell 66: 305-15 (1991) In this report we provide four lines of evidence indicating that E12/E47-like proteins interact in vivo with the myogenic HLH proteins MyoD and myogenin. First, cotransfection of MyoD and E47 in COS c91309143 The alternative splicing of fibronectin pre-mRNA is altered during aging and in response to growth factors. Magnuson VL; Young M; Schattenberg DG; Mancini MA; Chen DL; Steffensen B; Klebe RJ J Biol Chem 266: 14654-62 (1991) The reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to examine alternative splicing at each of the three fibronectin exons known to undergo alternative splicing, i.e. extra domain A (ED-A), e91317832 The control of interferon-inducible gene expression. Kerr IM; Stark GR FEBS Lett 285: 194-8 (1991) The alpha beta interferons (IFNs) transiently induce genes through an IFN-stimulable DNA response element (ISRE). IFN-cell surface receptor interaction triggers the cytoplasmic activation of the compl91309735 Analysis of the c-myc P2 promoter. Moberg KH; Tyndall WA; Pyrc J; Hall DJ J Cell Physiol 148: 75-84 (1991) The cis-acting elements governing transcription from the murine c-myc P2 promoter have not been well defined. To gain a better understanding of the nature of the protein-DNA interactions that take pla91317893 TGF-beta 1 and fibroblast growth factors selectively up-regulate tissue-specific fetal genes in cardiac muscle cells. Parker TG; Chow KL; Schwartz RJ; Schneider MD Ciba Found Symp 157: 152-60; discussion 161-4 (1991) TGF-beta 1, like basic and acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF), inhibits differentiated gene expression in skeletal myoblasts. It potentiates FGF-beta 1 down-regulated expression of the alpha-myosin91300935 Activation of AP-1 by IL-1 and phorbol esters in T cells. Role of protein kinase A and protein phosphatases. Chedid M; Yoza BK; Brooks JW; Mizel SB J Immunol 147: 867-73 (1991) We have examined the regulation of the AP-1 transcription complex in the IL-1-responsive murine T cell thymoma cell line EL-4 6.1 C10. Our results demonstrate that AP-1-mediated gene expression in T c91318171 The yeast GAL4 protein transactivates the polyomavirus origin of DNA replication in mouse cells. Baru M; Shlissel M; Manor H J Virol 65: 3496-503 (1991) We have replaced the polyomavirus (Py) enhancer, which is an essential component of the Py origin of DNA replication (ori), with five repeats of a 17-bp oligonucleotide including the yeast GAL4 upstre91251198 Cross-talk between the virulence and phosphate regulons of Agrobacterium tumefaciens caused by an unusual interaction of the transcriptional activator with a regulatory DNA element. Aoyama T; Takanami M; Makino K; Oka A Mol Gen Genet 227: 385-90 (1991) Transcription of a virulence gene on the hairy-root-inducing plasmid A4, which is induced by plant factors in Agrobacterium tumefaciens, was also activated by phosphate limitation in both A. tumefacie91326027 EGR3, a novel member of the Egr family of genes encoding immediate-early transcription factors. Patwardhan S; Gashler A; Siegel MG; Chang LC; Joseph LJ; Shows TB; Le Beau MM; Sukhatme VP Oncogene 6: 917-28 (1991) We have previously described two cellular immediate-early genes, Egr-1 (mouse) and EGR2 (human) that encode zinc finger proteins. Here we report the characterization of a new member of the Egr family 91296396 The 5'HS2 of the globin locus control region enhances transcription through the interaction of a multimeric complex binding at two functionally distinct NF-E2 binding sites. Talbot D; Grosveld F EMBO J 10: 1391-8 (1991) The locus control region (LCR) of the human beta-globin locus consists of four hypersensitive regions (5'HS 1-4). One of these sites, 5'HS2, is active in both transient and stable transfection assays 91224090 Alternatively spliced products of the maize P gene encode proteins with homology to the DNA-binding domain of myb-like transcription factors. Grotewold E; Athma P; Peterson T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4587-91 (1991) The Zea mays P gene has been postulated to regulate the biosynthetic pathway of a flavonoid-derived pigment in certain floral tissues [Styles, E. D. & Ceska, O. (1977) Can. J. Genet. Cytol. 19, 289-3091271238 Xenopus transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) specifically interacts with the "B" block region of the TFIIIA gene. Shastry BS; Zhang ZG Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175: 1036-41 (1991) Transcription factors IIIC (TFIIIC), TFIIIB and RNA polymerase III are commonly required for class III gene transcription in vitro. To understand the diversity and specificity of Xenopus TFIIIC, we ha91222158 Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor binds to a negative regulatory region in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat. Cooney AJ; Tsai SY; O'Malley BW; Tsai MJ J Virol 65: 2853-60 (1991) The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) long terminal repeat (LTR) contains a negative regulatory element (NRE) which downregulates the rate of LTR-directed transcription and HIV-1 replication91237798 Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) provirus expression and LTR transcription are repressed in NEF-expressing cell lines. Maitra RK; Ahmad N; Holland SM; Venkatesan S Virology 182: 522-33 (1991) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) NEF protein has been demonstrated to be a negative regulator of HIV-1 replication and HIV-1 LTR transcription under transient expression conditions. The dif91220702 Expression of c-jun during macrophage differentiation of HL-60 cells. Gaynor R; Simon K; Koeffler P Blood 77: 2618-23 (1991) Cellular transcription factors are important in the regulation of cellular genes. Recent studies have indicated that a class of cellular genes known as early response genes are important in the contro91255679 Mammalian cell lines engineered to identify inhibitors of specific signal transduction pathways. Jones RE; Defeo-Jones D; McAvoy EM; Vuocolo GA; Wegrzyn RJ; Haskell KM; Oliff A Oncogene 6: 745-51 (1991) A variety of signal transduction pathways contribute to the regulation of transcription in mammalian cells. Several of these pathways ultimately rely upon the interaction of transcription factors with91270891 Interaction of CAP sequence site binding factor and transcription factor IID preceding and following binding to the adenovirus 2 major late promoter. Safer B; Reinberg D; Jacob WF; Maldonado E; Carcamo J; Garfinkel S; Cohen R J Biol Chem 266: 10989-94 (1991) Interaction of cloned yeast, drosophila, and human transcription factor IID (yTFIID, dTFIID, and hTFIID, respectively) with the adenovirus 2 major late promoter (Ad2 MLP) confers a more limited patter91250402 Activation of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) gene transcription. Montgomery KF; Osborn L; Hession C; Tizard R; Goff D; Vassallo C; Tarr PI; Bomsztyk K; Lobb R; Harlan JM; et al Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6523-7 (1991) Leukocyte adherence to endothelium is in part mediated by the transient expression of endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 (ELAM-1) on endothelial surfaces stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alp91319718 Complex pattern of immunoglobulin mu gene expression in normal and transgenic mice: nonoverlapping regulatory sequences govern distinct tissue specificities. Jenuwein T; Grosschedl R Genes Dev 5: 932-43 (1991) Analysis of normal mice and transgenic mice carrying a rearranged immunoglobulin mu gene revealed a more complex tissue-specific pattern of mu gene expression than anticipated from previous observatio91257580 Affinity purification of transcription factor IIA from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. Usuda Y; Kubota A; Berk AJ; Handa H EMBO J 10: 2305-10 (1991) One of the general transcription factors, TFIIA, was purified to homogeneity from HeLa cell nuclear extracts by yeast TFIID affinity chromatography. Human TFIIA had a molecular weight of approximately91293107 Sertoli cell-specific expression of the human transferrin gene. Comparison with the liver-specific expression. Guillou F; Zakin MM; Part D; Boissier F; Schaeffer E J Biol Chem 266: 9876-84 (1991) We present a comparative study of the cis- and trans-acting elements governing the expression of the human transferrin (Tf) gene in two tissues, liver and testis, where Tf is expressed at various leve91236769 Characterization of the murine Hox-2.3 promoter: involvement of the transcription factor USF (MLTF). Zwartkruis F; Hoeijmakers T; Deschamps J; Meijlink F Mech Dev 33: 179-90 (1991) The murine homeobox-containing gene Hox-2.3 contains a basal promoter in a 210-bp region upstream of the transcription start site. In vitro studies of DNA-protein interactions in this region, and in a91322033 Cloning of a cellular factor, interleukin binding factor, that binds to NFAT-like motifs in the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. Li C; Lai CF; Sigman DS; Gaynor RB Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7739-43 (1991) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gene expression is regulated by both general transcription factors and factors induced by activation of T lymphocytes such as NF-kappa B and the nuclear factor of ac91352065 Domains of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transcription factor R required for dimerization, DNA binding and activation. Manet E; Rigolet A; Gruffat H; Giot JF; Sergeant A Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2661-7 (1991) In cells latently infected with EBV, the switch from latency to a productive infection is linked to the expression of two transcriptional activators, the upstream element factor EB1 and the enhancer f91252210 Analysis of premature termination in c-myc during transcription by RNA polymerase II in a HeLa nuclear extract. London L; Keene RG; Landick R Mol Cell Biol 11: 4599-615 (1991) Transcriptional regulation of the human c-myc gene, an important aspect of cellular differentiation, occurs in part at the level of transcript elongation. In vivo, transcriptional arrest, due to eithe91342663 The RNA polymerase I transcription factor xUBF contains 5 tandemly repeated HMG homology boxes. Bachvarov D; Moss T Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2331-5 (1991) The RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF has been identified in human, mouse, rat and Xenopus and the primary structure of the human protein has been determined. Human UBF was shown to contain fo91252272 A retinoic acid-responsive element in the apolipoprotein AI gene distinguishes between two different retinoic acid response pathways. Rottman JN; Widom RL; Nadal-Ginard B; Mahdavi V; Karathanasis SK Mol Cell Biol 11: 3814-20 (1991) The gene coding for apolipoprotein AI, a plasma protein involved in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids in the plasma, is expressed predominantly in liver and intestine. Previous work in our91260732 rar mutations which increase artificial chromosome stability in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identify transcription and recombination proteins. Kipling D; Tambini C; Kearsey SE Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1385-91 (1991) In an attempt to identify trans-acting factors involved in replication origin function, we have characterized the RAR3 and RAR5 genes, identified by mutations which increase the mitotic stability of a91227124 The human gene for vascular endothelial growth factor. Multiple protein forms are encoded through alternative exon splicing. Tischer E; Mitchell R; Hartman T; Silva M; Gospodarowicz D; Fiddes JC; Abraham JA J Biol Chem 266: 11947-54 (1991) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an apparently endothelial cell-specific mitogen that is structurally related to platelet-derived growth factor. By Northern blot and protein analyses, we s91268072 Activation of transcription in cell-free extracts by a novel cAMP-responsive sequence from the bovine CYP17 gene. Zanger UM; Lund J; Simpson ER; Waterman MR J Biol Chem 266: 11417-20 (1991) An in vitro transcription system has been developed to study the transcriptional control of steroid hydroxylase gene expression in steroidogenic tissues using upstream sequences of these genes in rabb91267995 Glucocorticoid enhances pulmonary surfactant protein B gene transcription. O'Reilly MA; Clark JC; Whitsett JA Am J Physiol 260: L37-43 (1991) The effect of glucocorticoid on the regulation of pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B) synthesis was studied in a human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a marke91143846 Interference and synergism of glucocorticoid receptor and octamer factors. Wieland S; Dobbeling U; Rusconi S EMBO J 10: 2513-21 (1991) We have analysed the interplay of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the lymphocyte-specific factor Oct-2A with transient co-transfection assays. Our data confirm our previously described observation th91330874 A T-cell specific TCR delta DNA binding protein is a member of the human GATA family. Joulin V; Bories D; Eleouet JF; Labastie MC; Chretien S; Mattei MG; Romeo PH EMBO J 10: 1809-16 (1991) The human GATA1, hGATA1 (previously called NF-E1, GF-1 or Eryf-1), a major sequence-specific DNA-binding protein of the erythrocytic lineage, is a member of a zinc-finger family of DNA-binding protein91266910 Acetylcholine receptor-inducing activity stimulates expression of the epsilon-subunit gene of the muscle acetylcholine receptor. Martinou JC; Falls DL; Fischbach GD; Merlie JP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7669-73 (1991) Motor neurons regulate the transcription of acetylcholine receptor subunit genes in postsynaptic muscle fibers both through muscle electrical activity produced by motor neuron acetylcholine release an91352050 Cis-regulatory elements that confer differential expression upon the rat gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in kidney and liver. Shoshani T; Benvenisty N; Trus M; Reshef L Gene 101: 279-83 (1991) The PCK gene, encoding cytosolic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, is specifically expressed in gluconeogenic tissues, liver and kidney. Hence it serves as a model of a class of single-copy genes who91276284 The c-Ets oncoprotein activates the stromelysin promoter through the same elements as several non-nuclear oncoproteins. Wasylyk C; Gutman A; Nicholson R; Wasylyk B EMBO J 10: 1127-34 (1991) The c-ets protooncogenes have recently been shown to code for transcription factors that activate the oncogene responsive unit of the polyoma virus enhancer. We show that transcription of the stromely91216107 Light-inducible and constitutively expressed DNA-binding proteins recognizing a plant promoter element with functional relevance in light responsiveness. Weisshaar B; Armstrong GA; Block A; da Costa e Silva O; Hahlbrock K EMBO J 10: 1777-86 (1991) Four cis-acting elements, designated as Boxes I, II, III and IV, have previously been identified as functionally relevant components of the light-responsive chalcone synthase (CHS) promoter in parsley91266906 Characterization of a promoter element required for transcription in myocardial cells. Iannello RC; Mar JH; Ordahl CP J Biol Chem 266: 3309-16 (1991) Transcription of the chicken cardiac troponin T (cTNT) gene in myocardial cells requires upstream sequences not required for expression of this gene in embryonic skeletal muscle cells. Deletion analys91131641 Novel upstream elements and the TATA-box region mediate preferential transcription from the uteroglobin promoter in endometrial cells. Misseyanni A; Klug J; Suske G; Beato M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2849-59 (1991) To understand the mechanisms responsible for endometrium-specific expression of the uteroglobin gene, we have compared transcription from the uteroglobin promoter in a human endometrial cell line (Ish91279434 Human cytomegalovirus ie2 negatively regulates alpha gene expression via a short target sequence near the transcription start site. Cherrington JM; Khoury EL; Mocarski ES J Virol 65: 887-96 (1991) Repression of human cytomegalovirus alpha (immediate-early) gene expression is under the control of the viral ie2 gene. Here we show that ie2 negatively regulates gene expression directed by the stron91101299 Cell-specific and ubiquitous factors are responsible for the enhancer activity of the rat insulin II gene. Shieh SY; Tsai MJ J Biol Chem 266: 16708-14 (1991) Pancreatic beta-cell-specific expression of the insulin gene is mediated, at least in part, by an enhancer element termed the rat insulin promoter element 3 (RIPES) found within the rat insulin II gen91358466 Superinduction of IL-2 gene transcription in the presence of cycloheximide. Zubiaga AM; Munoz E; Huber BT J Immunol 146: 3857-63 (1991) Lymphokine production is regulated both at the transcriptional and the posttranscriptional level. To date, it has been shown that the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) up-regulates IL-2 91237092 Cell lineage-specific and developmental stage-specific controls of MHC class-II-antigen expression. Accolla RS; Scupoli MT; Cambiaggi C; Tosi G; Sartoris S Int J Cancer Suppl 6: 20-5 (1991) In this report we present evidence and we review data from our laboratory which indicate the genetic complexity of regulatory mechanisms controlling MHC class-II-gene expression. The MHC class-II gene91293911 Possible intermediate steps in the evolution of a prokaryotic developmental system. Errington J Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 244: 117-21 (1991) Sigma factors (sigma) are transcription factors that operate global switches in gene expression in prokaryotes. They work by directing core RNA polymerase to specific cis-acting promoter sequences; ea91360588 Gene regulation by interleukin 6. Fey GH; Hattori M; Hocke G; Brechner T; Baffet G; Baumann M; Baumann H; Northemann W Biochimie 73: 47-50 (1991) Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a central alarm hormone of the mammalian body. During acute and chronic inflammations, it induces acute phase plasma protein synthesis by liver hepatocytes, modulates the immun91234770 Synergistic interactions of silkmoth chorion promoter-binding factors. Skeiky YA; Iatrou K Mol Cell Biol 11: 1954-64 (1991) Two DNA-binding proteins, BCFI and BCFII, that interact with defined promoter sequences of silkmoth chorion genes of late developmental specificity appear in the nuclei of follicular cells at a time t91172181 DNA binding of regulatory factors interacting with MHC-class-I gene enhancer correlates with MHC-class-I transcriptional level in class-I-defective cell lines. Blanchet O; Bourge JF; Zinszner H; Tatari Z; Degos L; Paul P Int J Cancer Suppl 6: 138-45 (1991) Tumor cells frequently show a lack of surface class-I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen expression. These molecules are key recognition structures for immune rejection of tumor cells and 91293905 Downstream sequences mediate induction of the mouse cathepsin L promoter by phorbol esters. Troen BR; Chauhan SS; Ray D; Gottesman MM Cell Growth Differ 2: 23-31 (1991) The major excreted protein (MEP) of mouse fibroblasts is the precursor to a lysosomal acid protease (cathepsin L) whose synthesis is induced by malignant transformation, growth factors, tumor promoter91175484 A labile repressor acts through the NFkB-like binding sites of the human urokinase gene. Novak U; Cocks BG; Hamilton JA Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3389-93 (1991) Transcription of the human urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene in HeLa cells is induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)91288222 Induction of the 'zinc finger' gene after transient focal ischemia in rat cerebral cortex. Abe K; Kawagoe J; Sato S; Sahara M; Kogure K Neurosci Lett 123: 248-50 (1991) An essential part of gene expression and regulation is the binding of a regulatory protein (transcription factor) to the recognition sequence of the appropriate gene. A novel protein motif for nucleic91226771 Mithramycin blocks transcriptional initiation of the c-myc P1 and P2 promoters. Snyder RC; Ray R; Blume S; Miller DM Biochemistry 30: 4290-7 (1991) The c-myc protooncogene plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation. Mithramycin, a DNA binding antibiotic which binds G-C-rich DNA, inhibits c-myc expression in both different91214966 Inhibition of 5S RNA transcription in vitro by nucleosome cores with low or high levels of histone acetylation. Roberge M; O'Neill TE; Bradbury EM FEBS Lett 288: 215-8 (1991) Nucleosomes exert strong inhibitory effects on gene transcription in vitro and in vivo. Since most DNA is packaged in nucleosomes, there must exist mechanisms to alleviate this inhibition during gene 91348270 The mRNAs encoding the two angiotensin-converting isozymes are transcribed from the same gene by a tissue-specific choice of alternative transcription initiation sites. Kumar RS; Thekkumkara TJ; Sen GC J Biol Chem 266: 3854-62 (1991) The two tissue-specific isozymes of angiotensin-converting enzyme are encoded by two mRNAs. The 5-kilobase pulmonary mRNA (mRNAP) and the 2.5-kilobase testicular mRNA (mRNAT) have identical sequences 91139683 Insulin gene expression in nonexpressing cells appears to be regulated by multiple distinct negative-acting control elements. Cordle SR; Whelan J; Henderson E; Masuoka H; Weil PA; Stein R Mol Cell Biol 11: 2881-6 (1991) Selective transcription of the insulin gene in pancreatic beta cells is regulated by its enhancer, located between nucleotides -340 and -91 relative to the transcription start site. Transcription from91203911 [Different regulation systems of cell cycle events (dysregulation of these events in the tumoral cell)] Colomb E; Martin PM Bull Cancer (Paris) 78: 1-21 (1991) Preservation of the shape and the integrity of multicellular eukaryotes needs rigorous cell proliferation monitoring. During the prereplicative G1 phase, a finely adjusted and specific control supervi91215236 Transcriptional elongation by purified RNA polymerase II is blocked at the trans-activation-responsive region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in vitro. Bengal E; Aloni Y J Virol 65: 4910-8 (1991) It has previously been shown that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) trans-activation-responsive region (TAR) is contained in a stem-loop RNA structure. Moreover, the interaction of the R91333037 Oestrogen facilitates the binding of ubiquitous and liver-enriched nuclear proteins to the apoVLDL II promoter in vivo. Wijnholds J; Muller E; Ab G Nucleic Acids Res 19: 33-41 (1991) Using genomic and in vitro DNasel footprinting, we have analyzed protein-DNA interactions within the promoter region of the oestrogen-inducible gene encoding chicken apoVLDL II. The footprints coincid91187646 Ets1, when fused to the GAL4 DNA binding domain, efficiently enhances galactose promotor dependent gene expression in yeast. Seneca S; Punyammalee B; Bailly M; Ghysdael J; Crabeel M Oncogene 6: 357-60 (1991) Ets1, the translation product of the c-ets1 proto-oncogene and the related Ets2 protein, act as sequence-specific transcriptional factors in transient transfection experiments in animal cells. We repo91187434 Enhancement of DNA replication by transcription factors NFI and NFIII/Oct-1 depends critically on the positions of their binding sites in the adenovirus origin of replication. Coenjaerts FE; De Vries E; Pruijn GJ; Van Driel W; Bloemers SM; Van der Lugt NM; Van der Vliet PC Biochim Biophys Acta 1090: 61-9 (1991) The origin of DNA replication of many human adenoviruses is composed of a highly conserved core origin and an auxiliary region, containing the binding sites for NFI and NFIII/Oct-1. We examined enhanc91355231 Human estrogen receptor introduced into the Xenopus oocyte represses expression from an artificial frog estrogen response element. Watson CS J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 38: 423-31 (1991) Although the estrogen responsiveness and estrogen receptors of Xenopus hepatocytes have been well described, oocytes of this species have not previously been shown to contain estrogen receptors (ER). 91234617 A pancreatic exocrine cell factor and AP4 bind overlapping sites in the amylase 2A enhancer. Fodor E; Weinrich SL; Meister A; Mermod N; Rutter WJ Biochemistry 30: 8102-8 (1991) A factor found in pancreatic exocrine cell lines and pancreatic nuclei binds selectively to the alpha-amylase 2A transcriptional enhancer. Pancreatic exocrine cell extracts protect asymmetrically an u91329388 Xenopus transcription factors: key molecules in the developmental regulation of differential gene expression. Wolffe AP Biochem J 278 ( Pt 2): 313-24 (1991) 91378870 Sequence-specific DNA binding by Myc proteins. Kerkhoff E; Bister K; Klempnauer KH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4323-7 (1991) Myc proteins have a tripartite carboxyl-terminal domain containing specific amino acid sequence motifs: a basic motif, a helix-loop-helix motif, and a leucine heptad repeat. Similar sequence motifs ha91239560 Eukaryotic transcription factors. Latchman DS Biochem J 126: 41-9 (1991) 91182047 Rapid and sensitive mRNA phenotyping for interleukins (IL-1 to IL-6) and colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF, M-CSF, and GM-CSF) by reverse transcription and subsequent polymerase chain reaction. Sorg R; Enczmann J; Sorg U; Heermeier K; Schneider EM; Wernet P Exp Hematol 19: 882-7 (1991) Oligonucleotide primer pairs specific for interleukins (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6, as well as for granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage colony-stimul91372345 Dominant negative mutations in yeast TFIID define a bipartite DNA-binding region. Reddy P; Hahn S Cell 65: 349-57 (1991) Genetic analysis showed that the conserved C-terminal 180 amino acids of yeast TFIID contain all the essential functions for growth of yeast and response to acidic transcriptional activation signals. 91199204 Differential effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and phorbol myristate acetate on cardiac fibroblasts. Regulation of fibrillar collagen mRNAs and expression of early transcription factors. Eghbali M; Tomek R; Sukhatme VP; Woods C; Bhambi B Circ Res 69: 483-90 (1991) Cardiac fibroblasts are responsible for synthesis and deposition of fibrillar collagen types I and III. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) has been proved to increase collagen biosynthesis91316798 Murine erythroid cell lines derived with c-myc retroviruses respond to leukemia-inhibitory factor, erythropoietin, and interleukin 3. Cory S; Maekawa T; McNeall J; Metcalf D Cell Growth Differ 2: 165-72 (1991) The transforming potential of the c-myc gene is shown here, for the first time, to include murine erythroid cells. Continuously growing cell lines were reproducibly generated by infection of day 13 CB91283375 POU-domain transcription factors: pou-er-ful developmental regulators. Rosenfeld MG Genes Dev 5: 897-907 (1991) 91257577 Compartmentalized transcription of acetylcholine receptor genes during motor endplate epigenesis. Changeux JP New Biol 3: 413-29 (1991) In the adult motor endplate the acetylcholine receptor protein (AChR) is strictly localized under the motor nerve ending, whereas in the noninnervated myotube it is distributed all over the surface of91355165 The AP-1 site is required for basal expression but is not necessary for TPA-response of the human stromelysin gene. Buttice G; Quinones S; Kurkinen M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3723-31 (1991) We have studied the activity of the AP-1 site, a target for the Fos and Jun family of transcription factors, in the context of the human stromelysin promoter (-1303 to +4). In transiently transfected 91305122 Slowed transcription and rapid messenger RNA turnover contribute to a decline in synthesis of ovine trophoblast protein-1 during in vitro culture. Hansen TR; Cross JC; Farin CE; Imakawa K; Roberts RM Biol Reprod 45: 94-100 (1991) Ovine trophoblast protein-1 (oTP-1) is produced in massive amounts by conceptuses during the Day-12-20-period of early pregnancy. The rate of production of oTP-1 declines during culture of conceptuses91346285 Chromosomal location of the octamer transcription factors, Otf-1, Otf-2, and Otf-3, defines multiple Otf-3-related sequences dispersed in the mouse genome. Siracusa LD; Rosner MH; Vigano MA; Gilbert DJ; Staudt LM; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA Genomics 10: 313-26 (1991) Chromosomal locations have been assigned for the octamer transcription factor, Otf, gene family (previously named the octamer-binding protein, Oct, gene family) using an interspecific backcross of [(C91301685 Pancreatic beta-cell-type-specific transcription of the insulin gene is mediated by basic helix-loop-helix DNA-binding proteins. Cordle SR; Henderson E; Masuoka H; Weil PA; Stein R Mol Cell Biol 11: 1734-8 (1991) The pancreatic beta-cell-specific expression of the insulin gene is mediated, at least in part, by the interaction of unique trans-acting beta-cell factors with a cis-acting DNA element found within t91141527 Regulation of tissue- and development-specific gene expression in the liver. Benvenisty N; Reshef L Biol Neonate 59: 181-9 (1991) The liver is equipped with a repertoire of enzymatic activities essential for executing its specialized role in metabolism, the expression of which is regulated during development. The liver-specific 91299998 Regulation of the early stages of T-cell development. Winoto A Curr Opin Immunol 3: 199-203 (1991) During the past year, there have been rapid advances in our understanding of the early events of T-cell development, at the molecular level. Studies at the transcriptional level of T-cell receptor gen91299198 Modular structure of FixJ: homology of the transcriptional activator domain with the -35 binding domain of sigma factors. Kahn D; Ditta G Mol Microbiol 5: 987-97 (1991) The FixL/FixJ two-component system is a global regulator of nitrogen-fixation genes in Rhizobium meliloti. The transcriptional activator FixJ contains two modules: its N-terminal module is homologous 91312138 The overlapping octamer/TAATGARAT motif is a high-affinity binding site for the cellular transcription factors Oct-1 and Oct-2. Dent CL; Latchman DS Biochem J 277 ( Pt 2): 541-5 (1991) The octamer motif in cellular promoters and the related TAATGARAT element in the herpes simplex virus (HSV) immediate-early promoters can both bind cellular octamer-binding proteins. The overlapping o91315430 Isolation of a metal-activated transcription factor gene from Candida glabrata by complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Zhou PB; Thiele DJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6112-6 (1991) Metal-inducible transcription of metallothionein (MT) genes involves the interaction of metal-responsive trans-acting factors with specific promoter DNA sequence elements. In this report, we present a91296771 Identification of a major regulatory sequence in the latency associated transcript (LAT) promoter of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Zwaagstra JC; Ghiasi H; Nesburn AB; Wechsler SL Virology 182: 287-97 (1991) The latency associated transcript (LAT) gene is the only viral genomic region that is abundantly transcribed during herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) neuronal latency. As such, it may play an import91220662 The transcriptional control proteins c-Myb and v-Myb contain a basic region DNA binding motif. Carr MD; Mott RF FEBS Lett 282: 293-4 (1991) A class of transcriptional control proteins, typified by c-Myb, are characterised by a highly conserved N-terminal DNA binding domain, which is composed of either 2 or 3 imperfect repeats of about 52 91243815 Oncogenic conversion of transcription factors by chromosomal translocations. Cleary ML Cell 66: 619-22 (1991) 91347363 Modular structure of transcription factors: implications for gene regulation. Frankel AD; Kim PS Cell 65: 717-9 (1991) 91249378 Nuclear oncogenes. Ghysdael J; Yaniv M Curr Opin Cell Biol 3: 484-91 (1991) Ample evidence has accumulated in recent years to establish that most, if not all, nuclear proto-oncogenes are in fact sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that modulate gene expression. Their synth91369645 Temporal and spatial patterns of proto-oncogene expression at early stages of toxic liver injury in the rat. Herbst H; Milani S; Schuppan D; Stein H Lab Invest 65: 324-33 (1991) Sequential and transient expression of c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, c-Ha-ras and c-Ki-ras proto-oncogene RNA transcripts with zonal heterogeneity was demonstrated in virtually all hepatocytes of adult rat liv91366898 Defective HLA DRA X box binding in the class II transactive transcription factor mutant 6.1.6 and in cell lines from class II immunodeficient patients. Stimac E; Urieli-Shoval S; Kempin S; Pious D J Immunol 146: 4398-405 (1991) 6.1.6 is one of several immunoselected mutants from EBV-transformed human B cell lines that have undergone coordinate loss of expression of all their HLA class II genes. Similar defects have been foun91250736 Transcription factors binding to the mouse HTF9 housekeeping promoter differ between cell types. Somma MP; Gambino I; Lavia P Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4451-8 (1991) The mouse CpG island HTF9 harbours a bidirectional promoter shared by two housekeeping genes that are arranged head-to-head. We have previously identified several protein binding-elements across the C91360345 A 23-kilodalton protein, distinct from BvgA, expressed by virulent Bordetella pertussis binds to the promoter region of vir-regulated toxin genes. Huh YJ; Weiss AA Infect Immun 59: 2389-95 (1991) Bordetella pertussis coordinately regulates expression of its virulence factors in response to changing environmental conditions. These factors include pertussis toxin, adenylate cyclase toxin, and th91267618 Inhibition of transcription factors belonging to the rel/NF-kappa B family by a transdominant negative mutant. Logeat F; Israel N; Ten R; Blank V; Le Bail O; Kourilsky P; Israel A EMBO J 10: 1827-32 (1991) The KBF1 factor, which binds to the enhancer A located in the promoter of the mouse MHC class I gene H-2Kb, is indistinguishable from the p50 DNA binding subunit of the transcription factor NF-kappa B91266912 Molecular nature of the Drosophila sex determination signal and its link to neurogenesis. Erickson JW; Cline TW Science 251: 1071-4 (1991) In 1921 it was discovered that the sexual fate of Drosophila is determined by the ratio of X chromosomes to sets of autosomes. Only recently has it been found that the X chromosome to autosome (X:A) r91149910 Induction of a mesencephalic phenotype in the 2-day-old chick prosencephalon is preceded by the early expression of the homeobox gene en. Martinez S; Wassef M; Alvarado-Mallart RM Neuron 6: 971-81 (1991) The homeobox gene en, homologous to the gene en-grailed of Drosophila, is expressed in the metencephalic-mesencephalic segment of the vertebrate neural tube. Using quail-chick chimeras, an antibody ag91273989 The jun and fos protein families are both required for cell cycle progression in fibroblasts. Kovary K; Bravo R Mol Cell Biol 11: 4466-72 (1991) The expression of different members of the Jun and Fos families of transcription factors is rapidly induced following serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts. To determine whether these proteins ar91342648 Assessment of the transcriptional activation potential of the HMG chromosomal proteins. Landsman D; Bustin M Mol Cell Biol 11: 4483-9 (1991) Chromosomal proteins HMG-14, HMG-17, and HMG-1 are among the most abundant, ubiquitous, and evolutionarily conserved nonhistone proteins. Analysis of their structure reveals features which are similar91342650 Activation of junB by PKC and PKA signal transduction through a novel cis-acting element. de Groot RP; Auwerx J; Karperien M; Staels B; Kruijer W Nucleic Acids Res 19: 775-81 (1991) The product of the junB gene, a gene homologous to the proto-oncogene c-jun, is a component of transcription factor AP-1. JunB expression is modulated by a wide variety of extracellular stimuli, such 91204429 The transcription factor LF-A1 interacts with a bipartite recognition sequence in the promoter regions of several liver-specific genes. Ramji DP; Tadros MH; Hardon EM; Cortese R Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1139-46 (1991) The transcription factors LF-A1 and LF-B1 are required for the cell-specific expression of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene in hepatocytes. We report here the purification and preliminary characteri91212196 Non-leucine residues in the leucine repeats of Fos and Jun contribute to the stability and determine the specificity of dimerization. Schuermann M; Hunter JB; Hennig G; Muller R Nucleic Acids Res 19: 739-46 (1991) Various transcription factors, including C/EBP, GCN4 and members of the Fos, Jun and Myc families have been shown to form highly specific complexes via alpha-helical structures referred to as leucine 91204424 elt-1, an embryonically expressed Caenorhabditis elegans gene homologous to the GATA transcription factor family. Spieth J; Shim YH; Lea K; Conrad R; Blumenthal T Mol Cell Biol 11: 4651-9 (1991) The short, asymmetrical DNA sequence to which the vertebrate GATA family of transcription factors binds is present in some Caenorhabditis elegans gene regulatory regions: it is required for activation91342668 trans-dominant mutants of E1A provide genetic evidence that the zinc finger of the trans-activating domain binds a transcription factor. Webster LC; Ricciardi RP Mol Cell Biol 11: 4287-96 (1991) The 289R E1A protein of adenovirus stimulates transcription of early viral and certain cellular genes. trans-Activation requires residues 140 to 188, which encompass a zinc finger. Several studies hav91342627 Silencing and trans-activation of the mouse IL-2 gene in Xenopus oocytes by proteins from resting and mitogen-induced primary T-lymphocytes. Mouzaki A; Weil R; Muster L; Rungger D EMBO J 10: 1399-406 (1991) The Xenopus oocyte system was used to test functionally, putative trans-active elements involved in the transcriptional control of the mouse interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene in resting and mitogen-induced pr91224091 Differential trans-activation of a muscle-specific enhancer by myogenic helix-loop-helix proteins is separable from DNA binding. Chakraborty T; Brennan T; Olson E J Biol Chem 266: 2878-82 (1991) The muscle creatine kinase (MCK) enhancer was used as a target to study the specificity of DNA binding and trans-activation by members of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of myogenic regulatory facto91131581 During Drosophila embryogenesis the beta 1 tubulin gene is specifically expressed in the nervous system and the apodemes. Buttgereit D; Leiss D; Michiels F; Renkawitz-Pohl R Mech Dev 33: 107-18 (1991) We determined the in vivo distribution of the beta 1 tubulin from D. melanogaster using isotype specific antibodies. Maternally expressed beta 1 tubulin is incorporated into mitotic spindles. Later in91234607 Altered response to growth rate changes in Kluyveromyces lactis versus Saccharomyces cerevisiae as demonstrated by heterologous expression of ribosomal protein 59 (CRY1). Larson GP; Rossi JJ Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4701-7 (1991) We report the cloning, characterization and preliminary analysis of the regulation of the gene coding for ribosomal protein 59 (RP59) from the budding yeast Kluyveromyces lactis. The RP59 gene is pres91367668 Two types of TATA elements for the CYC1 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Li WZ; Sherman F Mol Cell Biol 11: 666-76 (1991) Functional TATA elements in the 5' untranslated region of the CYC1 gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been defined by transcriptional analysis of site-directed mutations. Five sites previ91117232 Regulation of ompF porin expression by salicylate in Escherichia coli. Rosner JL; Chai TJ; Foulds J J Bacteriol 173: 5631-8 (1991) The expression of ompF, the gene encoding a major outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli, is regulated by various environmental factors. The mechanism by which salicylate (SAL) drastically reduces91358351 Human immunodeficiency virus Tat transactivation: induction of a tissue-specific enhancer in a nonpermissive cell line. Remenick J; Radonovich MF; Brady JN J Virol 65: 5641-6 (1991) The enhancer of the human neurotropic papovavirus JC virus (JCV) restricts viral transcription to glial cells. We utilized the tissue specificity of the JCV enhancer as a tool to investigate the funct91374631 The promoter of the chicken alpha 2(VI) collagen gene has features characteristic of house-keeping genes and of proto-oncogenes. Koller E; Hayman AR; Trueb B Nucleic Acids Res 19: 485-91 (1991) The promoter of the chicken alpha 2(VI) collagen gene reveals several interesting features characteristic of house-keeping genes and growth control related genes. It does not possess a typical TATAA o91187664 Regulation of c-myc expression by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in human leukemia cells. Schwartz EL; Chamberlin H; Brechbuhl AB Blood 77: 2716-23 (1991) Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulates both the proliferation and functional properties of normal and leukemic myeloid cells via cell surface receptors. The postreceptor 91255694 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 modulates growth of vascular smooth muscle cells. Mitsuhashi T; Morris RC Jr; Ives HE J Clin Invest 87: 1889-95 (1991) We examined the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25-(OH)2D3) on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells. Receptors for 1,25-(OH)2D3 were demonstrated in fresh rabbit aortic tissue91250537 [Biological malignancy in human gastric carcinoma--molecular aspects] Yasui W; Ito H; Yoshida K; Tahara E Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 18: 927-33 (1991) Overexpression of many growth factors/receptors and decreased expression of TGF beta type I play an important role in progression of human gastric carcinomas. Abnormal regulation of transcription of t91229376 In vitro analysis of the tissue plasminogen activator promoter reveals a GC box-binding activity present in murine brain but undetectable in kidney and liver. Pecorino LT; Darrow AL; Strickland S Mol Cell Biol 11: 3139-47 (1991) Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) mRNA levels are high in murine brain, lower in kidney, and undetectable in liver. Differences in t-PA mRNA levels are regulated in part at the transcriptional level91246182 Non-mitogenic T cell activation signals are sufficient for induction of human immunodeficiency virus transcription. Gruters RA; Otto SA; Al BJ; Verhoeven AJ; Verweij CL; Van Lier RA; Miedema F Eur J Immunol 21: 167-72 (1991) The expression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) is enhanced after T cell activation due to the interaction of cell-encoded nuclear factors with binding sites in the viral long terminal rep91122146 Pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin gene expression requires synergistic interactions of several regulatory elements. Therrien M; Drouin J Mol Cell Biol 11: 3492-503 (1991) The pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) gene is expressed very early during pituitary development, before expression of the other pituitary hormone genes, growth hormone and prolactin, and before expression o91260698 Post-transcriptional and transcriptional control of collagen gene expression in normal and modulated rabbit corneal endothelial cells. Kay EP; He YG Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32: 1821-7 (1991) In a previous report, collagen synthesis did not correlate with steady-state collagen RNA levels; substantial amounts of type I collagen RNAs in endothelial cells were not translated into the respecti91236363 Multiple interdependent regulatory sites in the mouse c-fos promoter determine basal level transcription: cell type-specific effects. Lucibello FC; Ehlert F; Muller R Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3583-91 (1991) Although the induction of the mouse c-fos promoter by growth factors and specific signal transduction pathways has been analyzed in some detail, the mechanisms involved in the control of basal level t91305101 Retinobenzoic acids and nuclear retinoic acid receptors. Hashimoto Y Cell Struct Funct 16: 113-23 (1991) Retinoids (retinoic acid and its analogs) are widely involved in the control of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and embryonic development. A series of potent and novel synthetic retinoids nam91316715 The pituitary-specific regulatory gene GHF1 contains a minimal cell type-specific promoter centered around its TATA box. McCormick A; Brady H; Fukushima J; Karin M Genes Dev 5: 1490-503 (1991) GHF-1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor responsible for activation of the growth hormone (GH) gene. The GHF1 gene is expressed exclusively in cells of the somatotrophic lineage, and its tra91331319 Transcriptional activation in an improved whole-cell extract from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Woontner M; Wade PA; Bonner J; Jaehning JA Mol Cell Biol 11: 4555-60 (1991) We report an improved in vitro transcription system for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Small changes in assay and whole-cell extraction procedures increase selective initiation by RNA polymerase II up to 691342658 Sequence-specific interaction of the Ets1 protein with the long terminal repeat of the human T-lymphotropic virus type I. Gitlin SD; Bosselut R; Gegonne A; Ghysdael J; Brady JN J Virol 65: 5513-23 (1991) We recently demonstrated that members of the c-ets proto-oncogene family, Ets1 and Ets2, are sequence-specific transcriptional activators of the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) long termina91374607 Regulation of Egr-1 (Zfp-6) and c-fos expression in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cells. Darland T; Samuels M; Edwards SA; Sukhatme VP; Adamson ED Oncogene 6: 1367-76 (1991) The Egr-1 gene (zfp-6) encodes a 'zinc finger'-type transcription factor that is one of the early growth response genes induced, together with c-fos proto-oncogene, in many cell types. Our earlier wor91360270 Mutational dissociation of the positive and negative regulatory properties of the Spo0A sporulation transcription factor of Bacillus subtilis. Perego M; Wu JJ; Spiegelman GB; Hoch JA Gene 100: 207-12 (1991) The Spo0A regulatory protein controls the onset of stationary phase and sporulation by controlling transcription in both a negative and a positive manner depending on the promoter affected. Missense m91276244 Vaccinia virus capping enzyme is a transcription initiation factor. Vos JC; Sasker M; Stunnenberg HG EMBO J 10: 2553-8 (1991) It has previously been demonstrated that vaccinia virus capping enzyme is involved both in the formation of a 5' cap structure and in termination of early transcription. Here we show that capping enzy91330878 The transactivator GAL4: co-activators, adaptors and chromatin. Stanway CA Bioessays 13: 241-2 (1991) 91369363 Construction of cloning cartridges for development of expression vectors in gram-negative bacteria. Yen KM J Bacteriol 173: 5328-35 (1991) A cloning cartridge was constructed that can be inserted into a plasmid of choice to form an expression vector in which gene expression is inducible with an inexpensive inducer, sodium salicylate, at 91358307 The housekeeping promoter from the mouse CpG island HTF9 contains multiple protein-binding elements that are functionally redundant. Somma MP; Pisano C; Lavia P Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2817-24 (1991) The mouse CpG-rich island HTF9 harbours the divergent RNA initiation sites shared by two genes that are both expressed in a housekeeping fashion. In this work we have analyzed the architecture of the 91279430 Regulation of MHC class II gene transcription. Kara CJ; Glimcher LH Curr Opin Immunol 3: 16-21 (1991) The transcriptional regulation of MHC class II genes involves the interaction of DNA-binding proteins with specific DNA sequences. The cis elements of the promoter region have now been well delineated91273829 Cys184 and Cys187 of NifL protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae are not absolutely required for inhibition of NifA activity. Contreras A; Drummond M Gene 103: 83-6 (1991) The sequence Cys184-Ala-Asp-Cys187 in the NifL protein of Klebsiella pneumoniae, for which a role in oxygen sensing and/or metal binding has been proposed, was altered by introducing two mutations, Cy91348533 Repression of the interferon signal transduction pathway by the adenovirus E1A oncogene. Gutch MJ; Reich NC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7913-7 (1991) The signal transduction pathway initiated by type I interferon (alpha and beta interferons) is inhibited by expression of the adenovirus type 5 E1A oncogene. Cotransfection analyses with the E1A oncog91376056 Functional modularity in the SP6 kappa promoter. Hogbom E; Magnusson AC; Leanderson T Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4347-54 (1991) The requirements of the SP6 kappa promoter for transcriptional activation were studied in nontransformed murine B lymphocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Three different DNA motifs, besides th91360331 Nuclear gadgets in mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription. Clayton DA Trends Biochem Sci 16: 107-11 (1991) In mammalian mitochondrial DNA, activation of the light-strand promoter mediates both priming of leading-strand replication and initiation of light-strand transcription. Accurate and efficient transcr91280662 The cloned RNA polymerase II transcription factor IID selects RNA polymerase III to transcribe the human U6 gene in vitro. Lobo SM; Lister J; Sullivan ML; Hernandez N Genes Dev 5: 1477-89 (1991) Although the human U2 and U6 snRNA genes are transcribed by different RNA polymerases (i.e., RNA polymerases II and III, respectively), their promoters are very similar in structure. Both contain a pr91331318 Promoter DNA contacts made by the vaccinia virus early transcription factor. Broyles SS; Li J; Moss B J Biol Chem 266: 15539-44 (1991) Vaccinia virus RNA polymerase requires the heterodimeric protein, vaccinia early transcription factor (VETF), for transcription of early gene templates in vitro. We have analyzed the vaccinia growth f91332087 Transcription factor regulation of hematopoietic lineage cells. Engel JD; George KM; Ko LJ; Kornhauser JM; Leonard MW; Ting P; Yamamoto M Semin Hematol 28: 158-69 (1991) 91343954 Ischemic induction of protooncogene expression in gerbil brain. Kindy MS; Carney JP; Dempsey RJ; Carney JM J Mol Neurosci 2: 217-28 (1991) Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion results in an active series of metabolic events, eventually leading to cell death. The expression of specific genes during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion may play 91283368 Stimulation of transcript elongation requires both the zinc finger and RNA polymerase II binding domains of human TFIIS. Agarwal K; Baek KH; Jeon CJ; Miyamoto K; Ueno A; Yoon HS Biochemistry 30: 7842-51 (1991) The eukaryotic transcriptional factor TFIIS enhances transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II. Here we describe two functional domains in the 280 amino acid human TFIIS protein: residues within posi91329353 A role for ATP hydrolysis in vaccinia virus early gene transcription. Dissociation of the early transcription factor-promoter complex. Broyles SS J Biol Chem 266: 15545-8 (1991) Vaccinia virus RNA polymerase requires the vaccinia early transcription factor, VETF, for the in vitro initiation of transcription at early gene promoters in a reaction requiring ATP hydrolysis. VETF 91332088 Induction of glutathione S-transferase P-form in primary cultured rat hepatocytes by epidermal growth factor and insulin. Hatayama I; Yamada Y; Tanaka K; Ichihara A; Sato K Jpn J Cancer Res 82: 807-14 (1991) The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/ml) and insulin (100 nM) on the expression of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), especially the GST-P form (GST 7-7), were examined in primary cultu91349079 Progesterone augments proliferation induced by epidermal growth factor in a feline mammary adenocarcinoma cell line. Modiano JF; Kokai Y; Weiner DB; Pykett MJ; Nowell PC; Lyttle CR J Cell Biochem 45: 196-206 (1991) Steroid hormones and peptide growth factors promote growth and development of normal mammary tissues and some types of breast cancer. Ovarian steroids may influence mammary growth directly or indirect91277023 Mechanistic advances in eukaryotic gene activation. Carey M Curr Opin Cell Biol 3: 452-60 (1991) 91369641 A direct repeat in the cellular retinol-binding protein type II gene confers differential regulation by RXR and RAR. Mangelsdorf DJ; Umesono K; Kliewer SA; Borgmeyer U; Ong ES; Evans RM Cell 66: 555-61 (1991) The vitamin A derivative retinoic acid exerts its effects on transcription through two distinct classes of nuclear receptors, the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and the retinoid X receptor (RXR). We pro91330303 Regulation of expression of the Escherichia coli K-12 mtr gene by TyrR protein and Trp repressor. Sarsero JP; Wookey PJ; Pittard AJ J Bacteriol 173: 4133-43 (1991) The Escherichia coli K-12 mtr gene, which encodes a tryptophan-specific permease, was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The precise location of the mtr gene at 69 min on the E. coli 91286199 Isolation of the spinach nitrite reductase gene promoter which confers nitrate inducibility on GUS gene expression in transgenic tobacco. Back E; Dunne W; Schneiderbauer A; de Framond A; Rastogi R; Rothstein SJ Plant Mol Biol 17: 9-18 (1991) Nitrite reductase is the second enzyme in the nitrate assimilatory pathway. The transcription of this gene is regulated by nitrate as well as a variety of other environmental and developmental factors91329742 A serine/threonine kinase activity is closely associated with a 65-kDa phosphoprotein specifically recognized by the kappa B enhancer element. Ostrowski J; Sims JE; Sibley CH; Valentine MA; Dower SK; Meier KE; Bomsztyk K J Biol Chem 266: 12722-33 (1991) The immunoglobulin kappa light chain enhancer, kappa B, is an important cis-acting transcriptional element. kappa B binds a number of proteins including the members of the ubiquitous NF-kappa B family91286310 USF-related transcription factor, HIV-TF1, stimulates transcription of human immunodeficiency virus-1. Maekawa T; Sudo T; Kurimoto M; Ishii S Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4689-94 (1991) The transcription factor HIV-TF1, which binds to a region about 60 bp upstream from the enhancer of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), was purified from human B cells. HIV-TF1 had a molecular91367666 The dynamics of the expression of C/EBP mRNA in the adult rat liver lobulus qualifies it as a pericentral mRNA. Moorman AF; van den Hoff MJ; de Boer PA; Charles R; Lamers WH FEBS Lett 288: 133-7 (1991) A hybridocytochemical approach has been applied to establish whether the gene for the C/EBP mRNA might be involved in the topographical regulation of gene expression in adult rat liver. To that end th91348250 Identification of a polypeptide bound to the beta region of the mouse r protein L32 promoter. Yoganathan T; Sells BH FEBS Lett 286: 163-6 (1991) Studies have been initiated to identify the protein component(s) which interact with the beta regulatory region of the mouse ribosomal protein L32 gene promoter. By the combined use of the mobility sh91323508 Oligonucleotide inhibition of IL2R alpha mRNA transcription by promoter region collinear triplex formation in lymphocytes. Orson FM; Thomas DW; McShan WM; Kessler DJ; Hogan ME Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3435-41 (1991) The promoter region of the IL2R alpha gene 5' flanking sequence contains enhancer elements crucial for binding nuclear factors which upregulate transcription following T lymphocyte activation. A 3' ex91288228 Regulated expression of three C/EBP isoforms during adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells. Cao Z; Umek RM; McKnight SL Genes Dev 5: 1538-52 (1991) In an effort to identify protein factors that play a regulatory role in the differentiation of adipocytes, we have isolated two genes that encode polypeptides related to CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein91357470 Regulation of jun and fos gene expression in human monocytes by the macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Nakamura T; Datta R; Kharbanda S; Kufe D Cell Growth Differ 2: 267-72 (1991) The macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is required for the growth and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. However, the signaling events responsible for these effects remain unclear. T91291720 RNA polymerase III transcription. Wolffe AP Curr Opin Cell Biol 3: 461-6 (1991) Remarkable progress has been made in defining the functional significance of the protein-DNA interactions involved in transcription complex formation on yeast tRNA and 5S RNA genes. This new informati91369642 CpG methylation inhibits binding of several sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins from pea, wheat, soybean and cauliflower. Inamdar NM; Ehrlich KC; Ehrlich M Plant Mol Biol 17: 111-23 (1991) To elucidate how methylation of specific sites in plant DNA might control transcription, we examined the effect of DNA methylation at CpG sequences on the binding of plant nuclear factors to an oligon91329715 NGF-induction of the metalloproteinase-transin/stromelysin in PC12 cells: involvement of multiple protein kinases. Machida CM; Scott JD; Ciment G J Cell Biol 114: 1037-48 (1991) In previous work, we found that nerve growth factor (NGF) induced expression of the mRNA transcript encoding the metalloproteinase transin/stromelysin in PC12 cells. Transin was found, moreover, to be91340828 Regulation of c-jun gene expression in HL-60 leukemia cells by 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Potential involvement of a protein kinase C dependent mechanism. Kharbanda S; Datta R; Kufe D Biochemistry 30: 7947-52 (1991) 1-beta-D-Arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent that incorporates into DNA and results in DNA fragmentation. Recent work has demonstrated that ara-C transiently induce91329367 Inhibition of interferon-inducible gene expression by adenovirus E1A proteins: block in transcriptional complex formation. Kalvakolanu DV; Bandyopadhyay SK; Harter ML; Sen GC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7459-63 (1991) Infection with wild-type adenovirus 5, but not with a mutant lacking the E1A gene, prevented the induction by interferon (IFN) alpha of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in HeLaM cell l91352007 Unregulated expression of c-Jun or c-Fos proteins but not Jun D inhibits oestrogen receptor activity in human breast cancer derived cells. Doucas V; Spyrou G; Yaniv M EMBO J 10: 2237-45 (1991) We present evidence that oestrogen receptor activity in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells is reduced by over-expression of c-Jun or c-Fos proteins and to a lesser extent by Jun B overexpression. In cont91293100 Mutant analysis of interaction of the Bacillus subtilis transcription regulator AbrB with the antibiotic biosynthesis gene tycA. Furbass R; Marahiel MA FEBS Lett 287: 153-6 (1991) The AbrB protein of B. subtilis represses the transcription of various postexponentially expressed genes, such as the antibiotic biosynthesis gene tycA. Recently, we have shown that ArbB binds to the 91348201 xUBF and Rib 1 are both required for formation of a stable polymerase I promoter complex in X. laevis. McStay B; Hu CH; Pikaard CS; Reeder RH EMBO J 10: 2297-303 (1991) We show that three protein fractions are required for accurate transcription initiation at a Xenopus laevis ribosomal gene promoter in vitro: RNA polymerase I, Rib1 and xUBF. The Rib1 and xUBF fractio91293106 Smart genes. Beardsley T Sci Am 265: 86-95 (1991) 91320101 Cell cycle-specific expression of the SWI4 transcription factor is required for the cell cycle regulation of HO transcription. Breeden L; Mikesell GE Genes Dev 5: 1183-90 (1991) Expression of the HO endonuclease triggers mating-type switching in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transcription of the HO gene is start-dependent and restricted to the late G1/early S phase of haploid mot91293579 Organization and function of binding sites for the transcriptional activator NifA in the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifE and nifU promoters. Cannon W; Charlton W; Buck M J Mol Biol 220: 915-31 (1991) The interaction of the Klebsiella pneumoniae NifA protein, a sigma 54-dependent activator, with the nifE and nifU promoters was analysed. At these promoters NifA established contacts in addition to th91350188 Interleukin 6 enhances a cellular activity that functionally substitutes for E1A protein in transactivation. Spergel JM; Chen-Kiang S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6472-6 (1991) An interleukin 6 (IL-6)-regulated cellular activity in HepG2 cells is found to functionally substitute for the transcriptional transactivator product of the adenovirus transforming gene E1A in transac91319707 Functional significance of an overlapping consensus binding motif for Sp1 and Zif268 in the murine adenosine deaminase gene promoter. Ackerman SL; Minden AG; Williams GT; Bobonis C; Yeung CY Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7523-7 (1991) The murine adenosine deaminase (ADA) gene has a (G + C)-rich promoter that can support diverse tissue-specific gene expression. By using deletion and mutation analyses, we have identified a cis-acting91352020 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA accumulation in human myelomonocytic cell lines. Role of transcriptional regulation by DNA sequence motifs and mRNA stabilization. Sung SJ; Walters JA; Hudson J; Gimble JM J Immunol 147: 2047-54 (1991) The cytokine TNF mediates many of the pathologic signs of cachexia, inflammation, and sepsis. The current work describes the regulation of TNF in human myelomonocytic cell lines after PMA stimulation.91366165 Identification of locus-specific DNA-binding factors for the regulation of HLA class-I genes in human colorectal cancer. Soong TW; Hui KM Int J Cancer Suppl 6: 131-7 (1991) The expression of HLA class-I mRNA in human colorectal cancer cell lines was studied. Locus-specific down-regulation of HLA class-I mRNA could be demonstrated in some of the human colorectal lines. Th91293904 Structure and expression of the infA operon encoding translational initiation factor IF1. Transcriptional control by growth rate. Cummings HS; Sands JF; Foreman PC; Fraser J; Hershey JW J Biol Chem 266: 16491-8 (1991) The cellular levels of the three translational initiation factors, IF1, IF2, and IF3, increase as a function of growth rate in parallel with those of ribosomes. Therefore both ribosomal and initiation91358434 Two closely linked Drosophila POU domain genes are expressed in neuroblasts and sensory elements. Dick T; Yang XH; Yeo SL; Chia W Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7645-9 (1991) We have characterized two Drosophila POU genes designated dPOU-19 and dPOU-28. These genes are transcribed as 3.1- and 2.2-kilobase mRNAs, respectively, which accumulate maximally during the first 12 91352045 Distribution and characterization of helix-loop-helix enhancer-binding proteins from pancreatic beta cells and lymphocytes. Aronheim A; Ohlsson H; Park CW; Edlund T; Walker MD Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3893-9 (1991) Transcription of a number of mammalian genes is controlled in part by closely-related DNA elements sharing a CAxxTG consensus sequence (E boxes). In this report, we survey cell extracts from a variety91319548 Altered transcriptional regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in rats following endotoxin treatment. Hill M; McCallum R J Clin Invest 88: 811-6 (1991) The molecular mechanism involved in altered regulation of the rate-limiting enzyme in hepatic gluconeogenesis, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), during endotoxemia is not completely understoo91358738 [Regulation of collagenase gene expression in human osteosarcoma-derived osteoblastic cell lines] Tamura M Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi 58: 284-99 (1991) The regulation of collagenase gene expression in the human osteosarcoma-derived osteoblastic cell lines MG-63, U2-OS and human fibroblast cell line IMR-90 was investigated by Northern blot analysis. E91294650 Cross-coupling of AP-1 and intracellular hormone receptors. Lamph WW Cancer Cells 3: 183-5 (1991) 91369776 Regulatory elements involved in constitutive and phorbol ester-inducible expression of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 gene promoter. Cousin E; Medcalf RL; Bergonzelli GE; Kruithof EK Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3881-6 (1991) Gene transcription rates and mRNA levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) are markedly induced by the tumor promoting agent phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in human HT1080 fibro91319546 Molecular cloning of cDNAs for the rat interleukin 2 receptor alpha and beta chain genes: differentially regulated gene activity in response to mitogenic stimulation. Page TH; Dallman MJ Eur J Immunol 21: 2133-8 (1991) We have isolated, by transient expression and screening using an oligonucleotide probe, cDNA clones encoding the rat interleukin 2 receptor (IL 2R) alpha and beta chains, respectively. Both chains are91364784 Structure and origin of the acute promyelocytic leukemia myl/RAR alpha cDNA and characterization of its retinoid-binding and transactivation properties. Pandolfi PP; Grignani F; Alcalay M; Mencarelli A; Biondi A; LoCoco F; Grignani F; Pelicci PG Oncogene 6: 1285-92 (1991) Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is characterized by the 15;17 chromosomal translocation. Cloning experiments have established that the chromosome 17 breakpoint maps to the RAR alpha and the 15 to t91319412 The role of phosphorylation and the CDC28 protein kinase in cell cycle-regulated nuclear import of the S. cerevisiae transcription factor SWI5. Moll T; Tebb G; Surana U; Robitsch H; Nasmyth K Cell 66: 743-58 (1991) The intracellular localization of the S. cerevisiae transcription factor SWI5 is cell cycle dependent. The protein is nuclear in G1 cells but cytoplasmic in S, G2, and M phase cells. We have identifie91347374 Co-regulated expression of junB and MHC class I genes in adenovirus-transformed cells. Meijer I; van Dam H; Boot AJ; Bos JL; Zantema A; van der Eb AJ Oncogene 6: 911-6 (1991) The expression of the junB gene parallels the expression of the MHC class I genes in Adenovirus (Ad) transformed cells. In Ad12E1-transformed primary BRK cells both genes are transcriptionally repress91296395 Localization of the protein product of the immediate early growth response gene, Egr-1, in the kidney after ischemia and reperfusion. Bonventre JV; Sukhatme VP; Bamberger M; Ouellette AJ; Brown D Cell Regul 2: 251-60 (1991) Egr-1 is an "immediate early" gene that is induced by growth factors and agents that induce differentiation and encodes a protein with a "zinc-finger" motif. This protein is believed to be involved in91316172 Beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) mRNA expression in the parkinsonian adrenal gland. Silani V; Pizzuti A; Falini A; Borsani G; Rugarli EI; Melo CA; Sidoli A; Villani F; Baralle F; Scarlato G Exp Neurol 113: 166-70 (1991) The adrenal gland is a well-demonstrated source for different neurotrophic factors. The presence of the beta-nerve growth factor (beta-NGF) mRNA in the adrenal tissue used for grafting in a Parkinsoni91331043 CYP1 (HAP1) is a determinant effector of alternative expression of heme-dependent transcription in yeast. Verdiere J; Gaisne M; Labbe-Bois R Mol Gen Genet 228: 300-6 (1991) The CYP1 (HAP1) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to activate a number of target genes in response to the presence of heme. Several features of the protein, deduced from the sequence of the ge91360080 Expression of the androgen receptor gene in rat penile tissue and cells during sexual maturation. Gonzalez-Cadavid NF; Swerdloff RS; Lemmi CA; Rajfer J Endocrinology 129: 1671-8 (1991) The cessation of rat and human penile growth at completion of sexual maturation appears to be related to a tissue-specific decrease in the number of androgen receptors (AR) in the penis. To find out w91339791 Retinoic acid is a negative regulator of AP-1-responsive genes. Schule R; Rangarajan P; Yang N; Kliewer S; Ransone LJ; Bolado J; Verma IM; Evans RM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6092-6 (1991) We present evidence that retinoic acid can down-regulate transcriptional activation by the nuclear protooncogene c-jun. All three members of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) subfamily (RAR alpha, RAR 91296767 Retinoic acid can mimic endogenous signals involved in transformation of the Xenopus nervous system. Sharpe CR Neuron 7: 239-47 (1991) In the frog Xenopus laevis, signals from the mesoderm divert part of the ectoderm from an epidermal to a neural fate. In the course of neural induction, the neurectoderm also acquires anterior-posteri91337452 PEA1 and PEA3 enhancer elements are primary components of the polyomavirus late transcription initiator element. Yoo W; Martin ME; Folk WR J Virol 65: 5391-400 (1991) The circular polyomavirus genome is transcribed from divergent promoter regions. Early mRNAs are initiated from a transcription complex formed at a TATA motif, the site of binding of transcription fac91374591 Does the breakpoint within the major breakpoint cluster region (M-bcr) influence the duration of the chronic phase in chronic myeloid leukemia? An analytical comparison of current literature. Mills KI; Benn P; Birnie GD Blood 78: 1155-61 (1991) 91346820 Cooperative binding of EF-1A to the E1A enhancer region mediates synergistic effects on E1A transcription during adenovirus infection. Bruder JT; Hearing P J Virol 65: 5084-7 (1991) A cellular nuclear factor, EF-1A, binds to a sequence motif which is repeated in the adenovirus type 5 E1A transcriptional control region. Previous genetic analyses demonstrated that two of these bind91333059 Drosophila chorion genes: cracking the eggshell's secrets. Orr-Weaver TL Bioessays 13: 97-105 (1991) The chorion genes of Drosophila are amplified in response to developmental signals in the follicle cells of the ovary prior to their transcription. Their expression is regulated both temporally and sp91337030 CDF/LIF selectively increases c-fos and jun-B transcripts in sympathetic neurons. Yamamori T Neuroreport 2: 173-6 (1991) We recently demonstrated that the neuronal cholinergic differentiation factor (CDF) which switches the neurotransmitter phenotype of cultured sympathetic neurons from noradrenergic to cholinergic is i91370796 The maleless protein associates with the X chromosome to regulate dosage compensation in Drosophila. Kuroda MI; Kernan MJ; Kreber R; Ganetzky B; Baker BS Cell 66: 935-47 (1991) The maleless (mle) gene is one of four known regulatory loci required for increased transcription (dosage compensation) of X-linked genes in D. melanogaster males. A predicted mle protein (MLE) contai91364175 Activation of transcription via AP-1 or CREB regulatory sites is blocked by protein tyrosine phosphatases. Champion-Arnaud P; Gesnel MC; Foulkes N; Ronsin C; Sassone-Corsi P; Breathnach R Oncogene 6: 1203-9 (1991) Transcriptional activation endowed by AP-1 or CREB binding sites can be significantly reduced in transient transfection tests by expression from the corresponding cloned cDNAs of protein tyrosine phos91319401 An interleukin 1 beta point mutant demonstrates that jun/fos expression is not sufficient for fibroblast metalloproteinase expression. Conca W; Auron PE; Aoun-Wathne M; Bennett N; Seckinger P; Welgus HG; Goldring SR; Eisenberg SP; Dayer JM; Krane SM; et al J Biol Chem 266: 16265-8 (1991) Substitution of glycine for arginine at position 127 of the mature human interleukin 1 beta protein generates a mutant IL-1 beta protein (IL-1 beta R----G) which binds cellular IL-1 receptors with hig91358394 Multiple forms of TGF-beta: distinct promoters and differential expression. Roberts AB; Kim SJ; Noma T; Glick AB; Lafyatis R; Lechleider R; Jakowlew SB; Geiser A; O'Reilly MA; Danielpour D; et al Ciba Found Symp 157: 7-15; discussion 15-28 (1991) There are now five known distinct isoforms of TGF-beta with 64-82% identity. Of these, only TGF-beta 1, 2 and 3 thus far have been demonstrated to be expressed in mammalian tissues; TGF-beta 4 has bee91300944 Genetic analysis of the adenovirus E4 6/7 trans activator: interaction with E2F and induction of a stable DNA-protein complex are critical for activity. Neill SD; Nevins JR J Virol 65: 5364-73 (1991) The adenovirus early E4 transcription unit encodes a 19-kDa polypeptide that trans activates transcription of the early E2 gene and is dependent on the binding sites for the E2F transcription factor. 91374588 Egr-1, a serum-inducible zinc finger protein, regulates transcription of the rat cardiac alpha-myosin heavy chain gene. Gupta MP; Gupta M; Zak R; Sukhatme VP J Biol Chem 266: 12813-6 (1991) Egr-1 is an early growth response gene that encodes a protein with three zinc fingers and is involved in transcriptional regulation. In adult heart myocytes, in contrast to c-fos and c-myc, high level91302285 Alternative translation initiation site usage results in two structurally distinct forms of Pit-1. Voss JW; Yao TP; Rosenfeld MG J Biol Chem 266: 12832-5 (1991) Pit-1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor that plays a critical role in the normal development of the anterior pituitary gland. Previous analyses have shown that this protein exists in the ra91302290 Two essential components of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor TFIIIB: transcription and DNA-binding properties. Kassavetis GA; Bartholomew B; Blanco JA; Johnson TE; Geiduschek EP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7308-12 (1991) RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIB from Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains at least two polypeptides, with apparent masses of 90 and 70 kDa, that were previously identified by photocrosslin91334455 Heavy metals induce expression of the TPA-inducible sequence (TIS) genes. Epner DE; Herschman HR J Cell Physiol 148: 68-74 (1991) We previously cloned a set of primary response genes, which we call TIS (TPA-Inducible Sequence) genes, from a cDNA library prepared from Swiss 3T3 cells treated with tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TP91317892 Cell cycle regulation of the E2F transcription factor involves an interaction with cyclin A. Mudryj M; Devoto SH; Hiebert SW; Hunter T; Pines J; Nevins JR Cell 65: 1243-53 (1991) We have examined E2F binding activity in extracts of synchronized NIH 3T3 cells. During the G0 to G1 transition, there is a marked increase in the level of active E2F. Subsequently, there are changes 91292527 ZEBRA and a Fos-GCN4 chimeric protein differ in their DNA-binding specificities for sites in the Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 promoter. Taylor N; Flemington E; Kolman JL; Baumann RP; Speck SH; Miller G J Virol 65: 4033-41 (1991) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encodes a protein, ZEBRA, which enables the virus to switch from a latent to a lytic life cycle. The basic domain of ZEBRA is homologous to the Fos/Jun oncogene family, and bo91303651 Cyclosporin A and FK-506 both affect DNA binding of regulatory nuclear proteins to the human interleukin-2 promoter. Baumann G; Geisse S; Sullivan M New Biol 3: 270-8 (1991) The structurally unrelated immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin A (Sandimmun) and FK-506 both interfere with the process of T-cell proliferation by blocking the transcription of the T-cell growth facto91346138 Cocaine-induced changes in gene expression in rat brain. Cohen BM; Nguyen TV; Hyman SE NIDA Res Monogr 105: 175-81 (1991) 91342749 A purified adenovirus 289-amino-acid E1A protein activates RNA polymerase III transcription in vitro and alters transcription factor TFIIIC. Datta S; Soong CJ; Wang DM; Harter ML J Virol 65: 5297-304 (1991) We have previously demonstrated that a purified bacterially synthesized E1A 289-amino-acid protein is capable of stimulating transcription from the promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II 91374580 The Viviparous-1 developmental gene of maize encodes a novel transcriptional activator. McCarty DR; Hattori T; Carson CB; Vasil V; Lazar M; Vasil IK Cell 66: 895-905 (1991) The Viviparous-1 (Vp1) gene of maize is specifically required for expression of the maturation program in seed development. We show that Vp1 encodes a 73,335 dalton protein with no detectable homology91364172 The molecular basis of the undulated/Pax-1 mutation. Chalepakis G; Fritsch R; Fickenscher H; Deutsch U; Goulding M; Gruss P Cell 66: 873-84 (1991) The murine paired box gene Pax-1 has been associated with the mouse developmental mutant undulated (un), which exhibits malformations in the vertebral column. In un mice, a point mutation leading to a91364170 Displacement of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA from a 5S rRNA gene by a transcribing RNA polymerase. Campbell FE Jr; Setzer DR Mol Cell Biol 11: 3978-86 (1991) In the absence of other components of the RNA polymerase III transcription machinery, transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) can be displaced from both strands of its DNA-binding site (the internal contro91304389 Transcriptional activation of CLN1, CLN2, and a putative new G1 cyclin (HCS26) by SWI4, a positive regulator of G1-specific transcription. Ogas J; Andrews BJ; Herskowitz I Cell 66: 1015-26 (1991) SWI4 of budding yeast codes for a component of a transcription factor (cell cycle box factor, or CCBF) necessary for G1-specific expression of HO. We show that SWI4 is essential for haploid cell viabi91364160 The GAM1/SNF2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a highly charged nuclear protein required for transcription of the STA1 gene. Yoshimoto H; Yamashita I Mol Gen Genet 228: 270-80 (1991) We have cloned and sequenced the GAM1 gene which is required for transcription of the STA1 gene encoding an extracellular glucoamylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. diastaticus. Complementation tes91360076 Molecular cloning and expression of a human heat shock factor, HSF1. Rabindran SK; Giorgi G; Clos J; Wu C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6906-10 (1991) Human cells respond to heat stress by inducing the binding of a preexisting transcriptional activator (heat shock factor, HSF) to DNA. We have isolated recombinant DNA clones for a human HSF (HSF1) by91334376 Isolation and characterization of a new mutant human cell line unresponsive to alpha and beta interferons. John J; McKendry R; Pellegrini S; Flavell D; Kerr IM; Stark GR Mol Cell Biol 11: 4189-95 (1991) Previously we described human cell line 2fTGH, in which expression of guanine phosphoribosyltransferase is tightly controlled by the upstream region of interferon (IFN)-stimulated human gene 6-16. Aft91304411 Isolation of a cDNA for HSF2: evidence for two heat shock factor genes in humans. Schuetz TJ; Gallo GJ; Sheldon L; Tempst P; Kingston RE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6911-5 (1991) The heat shock response is transcriptionally regulated by an evolutionarily conserved protein termed heat shock factor (HSF). We report the purification to homogeneity and the partial peptide sequence91334377 RAP1 is required for BAS1/BAS2- and GCN4-dependent transcription of the yeast HIS4 gene. Devlin C; Tice-Baldwin K; Shore D; Arndt KT Mol Cell Biol 11: 3642-51 (1991) The major in vitro binding activity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HIS4 promoter is due to the RAP1 protein. In the absence of GCN4, BAS1, and BAS2, the RAP1 protein binds to the HIS4 promoter in viv91260713 The repression of the reverse-oriented transcription from the adenovirus terminus by NFI in competition with TFIID. Matsumoto K; Nagata K; Hanaoka F; Ui M FEBS Lett 280: 53-6 (1991) Nuclear factor I (NF) represses the transcription which is promoted by the cloned adenovirus (Ad) type 5 DNA replication origin and is reverse-oriented with respect to the direction of the replication91184419 In vitro transcription of baculovirus immediate early genes: accurate mRNA initiation by nuclear extracts from both insect and human cells. Hoopes RR Jr; Rohrmann GF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4513-7 (1991) The production and characterization of nuclear extracts from uninfected Spodoptera frugiperda cells, capable of accurately initiating transcription of baculovirus immediate early genes in vitro, are d91239598 Sp1 and thyroid hormone receptor differentially activate expression of human growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin genes. Tansey WP; Catanzaro DF J Biol Chem 266: 9805-13 (1991) Activation of hGH-1 expression is mediated by the pituitary-specific transcription factor GHF-I/Pit-I which binds the 5'-flanking DNA at two sites: I (-96/-70) and II (-134/-106). Although the factor(91236760 Inhibition of protein phosphatases by okadaic acid induces AP1 in human T cells. Thevenin C; Kim SJ; Kehrl JH J Biol Chem 266: 9363-6 (1991) To examine the role of protein phosphatases in T cell activation, Jurkat cells were treated with okadaic acid, an inhibitor of type 1 and 2A phosphatases, and nuclear extracts were examined for the pr91236696 Structure and function of human jun-D. Berger I; Shaul Y Oncogene 6: 561-6 (1991) A jun related cDNA and its corresponding genomic fragment were cloned from human cells and sequenced. Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that this gene is the human homologue of the mouse jun-D91232849 Four regulatory elements in the human c-fos promoter mediate transactivation by HTLV-1 Tax protein. Alexandre C; Verrier B Oncogene 6: 543-51 (1991) Expression of the human c-fos proto-oncogene is activated in trans by the Tax protein encoded by human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1). Indeed, we show here that a HeLa clone stably transfected 91232847 The interaction of ICP4 with cell/infected-cell factors and its state of phosphorylation modulate differential recognition of leader sequences in herpes simplex virus DNA. Papavassiliou AG; Wilcox KW; Silverstein SJ EMBO J 10: 397-406 (1991) Regulation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) gene expression requires the synthesis of functional ICP4, a phosphoprotein that binds to several specific sites in virus DNA and acts in trans either to activ91122047 Transcriptional control of c-jun by retinoic acid. de Groot RP; Pals C; Kruijer W Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1585-91 (1991) The proto-oncogene c-jun, a major component of transcription factor AP-1, is expressed at very low levels in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma (EC) end embryonic stem (ES) cells. Retinoic acid (RA)91227153 Gene transcription. TFIIB or not TFIIB? [news] Sharp PA Nature 351: 16-8 (1991) 91226526 The Mary Lasker Conference, on growth factors in hormone-related tumors. Mueller GC; Gusberg SB; Stone A Cancer Res 51: 4114-20 (1991) 91309101 Identification and purification of a yeast protein that affects elongation by RNA polymerase II. Chafin DR; Claussen TJ; Price DH J Biol Chem 266: 9256-62 (1991) We have purified from whole cell extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae a protein which alters the elongation properties of yeast RNA polymerase II in vitro. The yeast elongation stimulatory activity, Y91225035 Genomic organization of the alpha chain of the human C4b-binding protein gene. Aso T; Okamura S; Matsuguchi T; Sakamoto N; Sata T; Niho Y Biochem Biophys Res Commun 174: 222-7 (1991) C4b-binding protein (C4bp) is a serum glycoprotein that is one of the regulators of the complement activation (RCA) family. This protein is composed of structurally related 70-kDa (alpha chain) and 4591113199 Fos-Jun heterodimers and Jun homodimers bend DNA in opposite orientations: implications for transcription factor cooperativity. Kerppola TK; Curran T Cell 66: 317-26 (1991) Association of Fos and Jun with the AP-1 site results in a conformational change in the basic amino acid regions that constitute the DNA-binding domain. We show that Fos and Jun induce a corresponding91309144 Antimitogenic effects of dexamethasone in chemically transformed mouse fibroblasts. Fagot D; Buquet-Fagot C; Mester J Endocrinology 129: 1033-41 (1991) Dexamethasone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) inhibited the entry into the S-phase of quiescent chemically transformed mouse fibroblasts (BP-A31) stimulated with 12-O-tetradecanoyl 13-acetate (TPA; a pro91309516 Functional domains of the yeast transcription/replication factor MCM1. Christ C; Tye BK Genes Dev 5: 751-63 (1991) MCM1 is an essential yeast DNA-binding protein that affects both minichromosome maintenance, in a manner suggesting that it has DNA replication initiation function, and gene expression. It activates a91224485 Heterologous in vitro transcription from two archaebacterial promoters. Hudepohl U; Gropp F; Horne M; Zillig W FEBS Lett 285: 257-9 (1991) A cell-free extract of Sulfolobus shibatae is able to specifically initiate transcription in vitro at the promoter of the plasmid-encoded gene for the major gas vesicle protein of Halobacterium halobi91309744 Hepatitis B virus X protein transactivates human interleukin-8 gene through acting on nuclear factor kB and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-like cis-elements. Mahe Y; Mukaida N; Kuno K; Akiyama M; Ikeda N; Matsushima K; Murakami S J Biol Chem 266: 13759-63 (1991) Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a newly described leukocyte chemotactic and activating cytokine that belongs to the novel family of inflammatory cytokines whose genes locate on human chromosome 4, q12-21 regi91310652 vHNF1 is a homeoprotein that activates transcription and forms heterodimers with HNF1. Rey-Campos J; Chouard T; Yaniv M; Cereghini S EMBO J 10: 1445-57 (1991) vHNF1 and HNF1 are two nuclear proteins that bind to an essential element in the promoter proximal sequences of albumin and of many other liver-specific genes. HNF1 predominates in hepatocytes but is 91224096 LFB3, a heterodimer-forming homeoprotein of the LFB1 family, is expressed in specialized epithelia. De Simone V; De Magistris L; Lazzaro D; Gerstner J; Monaci P; Nicosia A; Cortese R EMBO J 10: 1435-43 (1991) We have cloned and characterized a mouse cDNA coding for LFB3, a DNA binding protein containing an extra-large homeodomain. The first 315 amino acids of LFB3 are highly homologous to the DNA binding d91224095 Strict distance requirement for transcriptional activation by two regulatory elements of the glucagon gene. Philippe J; Rochat S DNA Cell Biol 10: 119-24 (1991) The glucagon gene is specifically expressed in A cells of the pancreatic islets. We have previously identified three functional DNA control elements within the 5'-flanking sequence of the glucagon gen91166726 An Id-related helix-loop-helix protein encoded by a growth factor-inducible gene. Christy BA; Sanders LK; Lau LF; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Nathans D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 1815-9 (1991) An mRNA encoding a helix-loop-helix protein that we have named HLH462 is induced in mouse 3T3 cells as part of the immediate early transcriptional response to growth factors and other signaling agents91156698 The nuclear protooncogenes c-jun and c-fos as regulators of DNA replication. Murakami Y; Satake M; Yamaguchi-Iwai Y; Sakai M; Muramatsu M; Ito Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3947-51 (1991) Polyomavirus (Py) DNA replication is regulated by its enhancer, which contains an AP1 site, c-Jun and c-Fos, the products of nuclear protooncogenes c-jun and c-fos, form the heterodimeric transcriptio91219489 The surface-located YopN protein is involved in calcium signal transduction in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Forsberg A; Viitanen AM; Skurnik M; Wolf-Watz H Mol Microbiol 5: 977-86 (1991) The low-calcium response (lcr) is strongly conserved among the pathogenic Yersinia species and is observed when the pathogen is grown at 37 degrees C in Ca(2+)-depleted medium. This response is charac91312137 Induction of c-fos mRNA and AP-1 DNA-binding activity by cAMP in cooperation with either the adenovirus 243- or the adenovirus 289-amino acid E1A protein. Engel DA; Muller U; Gedrich RW; Eubanks JS; Shenk T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3957-61 (1991) Products of the adenovirus E1A gene can act synergistically with cAMP to activate transcription of several viral early genes and the cellular genes c-fos and jun-B. Transcription factor AP-1-binding a91219491 In vitro transcription of epidermal growth factor receptor gene. Kageyama R; Merlino GT Methods Enzymol 198: 242-50 (1991) 91312153 RNA-protein interactions in a Nus A-containing Escherichia coli transcription complex paused at an RNA hairpin. Dissinger S; Hanna MM J Mol Biol 219: 11-25 (1991) We have isolated Escherichia coli transcription complexes, paused in the presence and absence of Nus A, which contain RNA substituted at every UMP residue with a photocrosslinking nucleotide analog. T91218172 Retinoic acid increases zif268 early gene expression in rat preosteoblastic cells. Suva LJ; Ernst M; Rodan GA Mol Cell Biol 11: 2503-10 (1991) In this study we demonstrate that retinoic acid (RA) increases the expression of transcription factor zif268 mRNA in primary cultures of fetal rat calvarial cells and in simian virus 40-immortalized c91203870 An A + U-rich element RNA-binding factor regulates c-myc mRNA stability in vitro. Brewer G Mol Cell Biol 11: 2460-6 (1991) Transient expression of some proto-oncogenes, cytokines, and transcription factors occurs as a cellular response to growth factors, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, antigen stimulation, or inflam91203865 Functional and structural elements of the mRNA of the cIII gene of bacteriophage lambda. Altuvia S; Kornitzer D; Kobi S; Oppenheim AB J Mol Biol 218: 723-33 (1991) The bacteriophage lambda cIII gene product is an early regulatory protein that participates in the lysis-lysogeny decision of the phage following infection. We have previously shown that the translati91218156 Promoter-dependent phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II by a template-bound kinase. Association with transcriptional initiation. Arias JA; Peterson SR; Dynan WS J Biol Chem 266: 8055-61 (1991) The largest subunit of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) has a serine- and threonine-rich C-terminal domain (CTD) that may interact both with DNA and with the activating region of transcription f91217029 Transactivation of the TPA-responsive element by the oncogenic C-erbB-2 protein is partly mediated by protein kinase C. Fujimoto A; Kai S; Akiyama T; Toyoshima K; Kaibuchi K; Takai Y; Yamamoto T Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178: 724-32 (1991) The mutant c-erbB-2 gene encoding a protein with Glu instead of Val-659 in the transmembrane domain is able to transform NIH3T3 cells, while the wild type c-erbB-2 unless overexpressed does not. The m91315506 A highly conserved domain of TFIID displays species specificity in vivo. Gill G; Tjian R Cell 65: 333-40 (1991) Recombinant TFIID proteins from yeast, Drosophila, and human function interchangeably in vitro to restore basal level transcription to a human HeLa extract depleted for TFIID. Here we report that the 91199202 Pax-3, a novel murine DNA binding protein expressed during early neurogenesis. Goulding MD; Chalepakis G; Deutsch U; Erselius JR; Gruss P EMBO J 10: 1135-47 (1991) We describe the isolation and characterization of Pax-3, a novel murine paired box gene expressed exclusively during embryogenesis. Pax-3 encodes a 479 amino acid protein with an Mr of 56 kd containin91216108 Differential response of the human 6-16 and 9-27 genes to alpha and gamma interferons. Ackrill AM; Reid LE; Gilbert CS; Gewert DR; Porter AC; Lewin AR; Stark GR; Kerr IM Nucleic Acids Res 19: 591-8 (1991) 9-27 mRNA is expressed to a high level in response to both alpha and gamma interferons. In contrast, 6-16 mRNA is expressed well in response to alpha but very poorly in response to gamma interferon in91187680 Role of herpes simplex virus type 1 UL46 and UL47 in alpha TIF-mediated transcriptional induction: characterization of three viral deletion mutants. Zhang Y; Sirko DA; McKnight JL J Virol 65: 829-41 (1991) The transcriptional induction of the alpha or immediate-early gene class of herpes simplex virus type 1 effected by the alpha trans-induction factor (alpha TIF, ICP25, VP16, Vmw65) requires an alpha-s91101293 The association of transcription factor Pit 1/GHF-1 with Pit and Oct binding elements. Larkin S; Tait S; Martin F Biochem Soc Trans 19: 43S (1991) 91244045 Production and differential endocrine regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide in neuron-enriched primary cultures. Deschepper CF; Nguyen KP; Lapointe MC; Zahs KR; Gardner DG Endocrinology 128: 5-12 (1991) To identify factors that directly regulate the synthesis and secretion of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in neuronal cells, we have developed a neuron-enriched primary culture system from fetal rat 91099188 Gene expression during erythropoiesis. Takeshita K; Benz EJ Int J Cell Cloning 9: 109-22 (1991) Erythropoiesis is considered to be the result of a series of molecular events which alter gene expression. Recently, advances have been made in the understanding of several aspects of erythroid gene e91245203 Positive and negative elements upstream of the meiosis-specific glucoamylase gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Kihara K; Nakamura M; Akada R; Yamashita I Mol Gen Genet 226: 383-92 (1991) The SGA1 gene encoding glucoamylase is specifically expressed late in meiotic development of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We found that accumulation of both enzyme activity and transcripts was 91246113 Response to heat shock of gene 1, a Drosophila melanogaster small heat shock gene, is developmentally regulated. Vazquez J Mol Gen Genet 226: 393-400 (1991) The expression of gene 1, a member of the small heat shock gene family from the Drosophila melanogaster chromosomal locus 67B was studied. In contrast to the other heat shock genes, the response of ge91246114 Ribosome association of GCN2 protein kinase, a translational activator of the GCN4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ramirez M; Wek RC; Hinnebusch AG Mol Cell Biol 11: 3027-36 (1991) The GCN4 gene of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes that is regulated at the translational level according to the availability of a91246169 Organization of the murine and human interleukin-7 receptor genes: two mRNAs generated by differential splicing and presence of a type I-interferon-inducible promoter. Pleiman CM; Gimpel SD; Park LS; Harada H; Taniguchi T; Ziegler SF Mol Cell Biol 11: 3052-9 (1991) To better understand the regulation of interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) expression, we have pursued a detailed analysis of the structure of the murine and human IL-7R genes. The genes consist of eight e91246172 Transient expression of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus immediate-early gene, IE-N, is regulated by three viral elements. Carson DD; Summers MD; Guarino LA J Virol 65: 945-51 (1991) Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus that expresses several immediate-early genes under the control of different promoters. The expression of one o91101306 Negative autoregulation of cysB in Salmonella typhimurium: in vitro interactions of CysB protein with the cysB promoter. Ostrowski J; Kredich NM J Bacteriol 173: 2212-8 (1991) CysB protein positively regulates genes of the Salmonella typhimurium cysteine regulon and negatively autoregulates cysB. The cysB promoter was characterized by primer extension of cellular RNA, which91177808 Serum amyloid A (SAA3) produced by rabbit synovial fibroblasts treated with phorbol esters or interleukin 1 induces synthesis of collagenase and is neutralized with specific antiserum. Mitchell TI; Coon CI; Brinckerhoff CE J Clin Invest 87: 1177-85 (1991) We report that nucleic acid sequence analysis of a full-length cDNA clone for a rabbit serum amyloid A (SAA)-like protein has identified this protein as more closely related to SAA3 than to SAA1. SAA391185595 Expression of the jun-B gene during induction of monocytic differentiation. Datta R; Sherman ML; Stone RM; Kufe D Cell Growth Differ 2: 43-9 (1991) The AP-1 protein complex binds to specific DNA sequences that regulate transcription of genes responsive to certain growth factors and phorbol esters. This complex is composed of products of the jun a91175486 c-myc reverses neu-induced transformed morphology by transcriptional repression. Suen TC; Hung MC Mol Cell Biol 11: 354-62 (1991) Amplification or overexpression or both of either the c-myc or the human neu (C-erbB-2) gene are common events in many primary human tumors. Coamplification or overexpression or both of both genes hav91094850 Heat shock factor and the heat shock response. Sorger PK Cell 65: 363-6 (1991) 91208672 Regulated expression of human alpha- and beta-globin genes in transient heterokaryons. Baron MH; Maniatis T Mol Cell Biol 11: 1239-47 (1991) We have examined the expression of human alpha- and beta-like globin genes in transient heterokaryons formed by fusion of human nonerythroid cells with terminally differentiating mouse erythroleukemia91141472 Interaction of atrial natriuretic polypeptide and angiotensin II on protooncogene expression and vascular cell growth. Itoh H; Pratt RE; Dzau VJ Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176: 1601-9 (1991) Recent evidence suggests that vasoconstrictive substances, including angiotensin II (Ang II), may function as a vascular smooth muscle growth promoting substance and may contribute to vascular hypertr91248262 Control of transcription of the Bacillus subtilis spoIIIG gene, which codes for the forespore-specific transcription factor sigma G. Sun DX; Cabrera-Martinez RM; Setlow P J Bacteriol 173: 2977-84 (1991) The Bacillus subtilis spoIIIG gene codes for a sigma factor termed sigma G which directs transcription of genes expressed only in the forespore compartment of the sporulating cell. Use of spoIIIG-lacZ91210190 E1a revisited: the case for multiple cooperative trans-activation domains. Braithwaite AW; Nelson CC; Bellett AJ New Biol 3: 18-26 (1991) Products encoded in the E1a oncogene of adenoviruses are required to activate transcription of all viral early genes and some cellular genes. A current interpretation of experimental data supports the91248818 Cellular factors regulate transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Barry PA; Pratt-Lowe E; Unger RE; Luciw PA J Virol 65: 1392-9 (1991) It is hypothesized that the immediate-early (IE) gene products of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) and the transactivator (TAT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) regulate HIV-1 gene expression91140731 IL-1 induces ornithine decarboxylase in normal T lymphocytes. Bristol LA; Smith MR; Bhat NK; Durum SK J Immunol 146: 1509-15 (1991) IL-1 alpha regulation of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was examined in T cells because IL-1 is a costimulus for T cell proliferation and ODC is a critical enzyme in the metabolic events associated wit91132015 Analysis of CCAAT box transcription factor binding activity during early Xenopus laevis embryogenesis. Ovsenek N; Karn HA; Heikkila JJ Dev Biol 145: 323-7 (1991) Unfertilized eggs and pre-midblastula (MBT) stage Xenopus embryos were found to contain a large pool of maternally derived CCAAT box-binding transcription factor (CBTF). DNA mobility shift experiments91250012 v-Src activates mitogen-responsive transcription factor Egr-1 via serum response elements. Qureshi SA; Cao XM; Sukhatme VP; Foster DA J Biol Chem 266: 10802-6 (1991) Activating the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of v-Src in murine fibroblasts leads to increased expression of Egr-1, a mitogen-responsive transcription factor. v-Src-induced expression of Egr-1 is i91250374 In vivo interactions of the NahR transcriptional activator with its target sequences. Inducer-mediated changes resulting in transcription activation. Huang JZ; Schell MA J Biol Chem 266: 10830-8 (1991) The nahR gene from the NAH7 naphthalene degradation plasmid encodes a LysR-type transcriptional activator of the nah and sal promoters (Pnah and Psal, respectively) that responds to the inducer salicy91250379 Stimulus-transcription coupling in the nervous system: involvement of the inducible proto-oncogenes fos and jun. Morgan JI; Curran T Annu Rev Neurosci 14: 421-51 (1991) 91234040 Differential regulation of adenovirus late transcriptional units by the products of early region. Bridge E; Hemstrom C; Pettersson U Virology 183: 260-6 (1991) Normal accumulation of adenoviral late mRNAs derived from the major late promoter, is mediated independently by either the ORF 6 or the ORF 3 product of E4. We have examined the role of E4 products in91272486 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a potent inducer of nerve growth factor synthesis. Wion D; MacGrogan D; Neveu I; Jehan F; Houlgatte R; Brachet P J Neurosci Res 28: 110-4 (1991) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3), a metabolically active form of vitamin D, is shown to increase in a dose-dependent manner the cellular pool of NGF mRNA in murine L-929 fibroblasts cultured in91251158 CAAT/enhancer binding protein is able to bind to ATF/CRE elements. Bakker O; Parker MG Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1213-7 (1991) The transcription factor C/EBP is known to be able to bind to two different classes of sites, a CAAT-box and one present in a number of viral enhancers. In this paper we show using band-shift assays, 91232900 Role of E2F transcription factor in E1A-mediated trans activation of cellular genes. Hiebert SW; Blake M; Azizkhan J; Nevins JR J Virol 65: 3547-52 (1991) Adenovirus E1A-dependent trans activation of the adenovirus E2 gene involves the activation of the cellular transcription factor E2F. E2F binding sites have also been identified in the 5'-flanking reg91251204 Simian virus 40 (SV40) T-antigen transcriptional activation mediated through the Oct/SPH region of the SV40 late promoter. Gruda MC; Alwine JC J Virol 65: 3553-8 (1991) Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen is a promiscuous transcriptional activator of many viral and cellular promoters. The SV40 late promoter, a primary target for T-antigen transcriptional activatio91251205 Comparison of long and short forms of the prolactin receptor on prolactin-induced milk protein gene transcription. Lesueur L; Edery M; Ali S; Paly J; Kelly PA; Djiane J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 824-8 (1991) The biological activities of long and short forms of the prolactin receptor have been compared. These two receptors expressed in mammalian cells were shown to bind prolactin with equal high affinity. 91126087 Modulation of HeLa cell growth by transfected 7SL RNA and Alu gene sequences. Sakamoto K; Fordis CM; Corsico CD; Howard TH; Howard BH J Biol Chem 266: 3031-8 (1991) Alu and 7SL RNA gene sequences were tested for the potential to regulate mammalian cell growth by introducing these sequences into HeLa cells in a coupled DEAE-dextran transfection/affinity cell sorti91131602 A transcription factor for expression of vaccinia virus late genes is encoded by an intermediate gene. Wright CF; Keck JG; Tsai MM; Moss B J Virol 65: 3715-20 (1991) A factor, designated VLTF-1, that is required in vitro for specific transcription of vaccinia virus late genes was previously isolated from vaccinia virus-infected cells. Subsequent genetic experiment91251224 Role of transcription pausing in the control of the pyrE attenuator in Escherichia coli. Andersen JT; Jensen KF; Poulsen P Mol Microbiol 5: 327-33 (1991) Expression of the Escherichia coli pyrE gene is regulated by transcription attenuation in the intercistronic orfE-pyrE region and modulated by the distance between the transcribing RNA polymerase and 91251761 Promoter sequence requirements for Fnr-dependent activation of transcription of the narGHJI operon. Walker MS; DeMoss JA Mol Microbiol 5: 353-60 (1991) The sequence requirements for Fnr-dependent transcription of the narGHJI operon of Escherichia coli were studied in plasmids carrying a narG::lacZ protein fusion with the 5' end of the promoter delete91251764 Heat shock-regulated transcription in vitro from a reconstituted chromatin template. Becker PB; Rabindran SK; Wu C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4109-13 (1991) To investigate the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of Drosophila heat shock genes we studied the activity of a heat shock promoter in vitro after reconstitution into chromatin. Increasing the91239516 Footprinting analysis of mammalian RNA polymerase II along its transcript: an alternative view of transcription elongation. Rice GA; Kane CM; Chamberlin MJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4245-9 (1991) Ternary complexes of RNA polymerase II, bearing the nascent RNA transcript, are intermediates in the synthesis of all eukaryotic mRNAs and are implicated as regulatory targets of factors that control 91239544 The amdR product and a CCAAT-binding factor bind to adjacent, possibly overlapping DNA sequences in the promoter region of the Aspergillus nidulans amdS gene. van Heeswijck R; Hynes MJ Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2655-60 (1991) The amdS gene of Aspergillus nidulans is regulated by a number of positively acting regulatory genes which act additively and independently. Using gel mobility shift assays with crude nuclear extracts91252209 Human X-box-binding protein 1 is required for the transcription of a subset of human class II major histocompatibility genes and forms a heterodimer with c-fos. Ono SJ; Liou HC; Davidon R; Strominger JL; Glimcher LH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4309-12 (1991) A complementary DNA encoding a member of the leucine-zipper class of proteins (human X-box-binding protein, hXBP-1) that binds to the 3' end of the conserved X box (X2) of the HLA-DRA major histocompa91239557 Multiple protein-DNA interactions in the TATAA-less mouse thymidylate synthase promoter. Jolliff K; Li Y; Johnson LF Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2267-74 (1991) The mouse thymidylate synthase (TS) promoter lacks a TATAA box and directs transcriptional initiation at multiple sites over a 60 nucleotide region. All of the sequences that are important for transcr91252262 Cloning, expression and characterization of the human transcription elongation factor, TFIIS. Yoo OJ; Yoon HS; Baek KH; Jeon CJ; Miyamoto K; Ueno A; Agarwal K Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1073-9 (1991) The cDNA for the human elongation factor, TFIIS, has been cloned and expressed in E. coli with the T7 expression system. This 280-amino acid TFIIS protein is shorter by 21 residues than that of the mo91212187 fosB is a transforming gene encoding a transcriptional activator. Schuermann M; Jooss K; Muller R Oncogene 6: 567-76 (1991) The fosB gene encodes a nuclear protein that shows a high degree of homology with c-Fos in several of the known functionally crucial domains, e.g., the leucine zipper and the DNA-binding site, but sho91232850 The human ETS1 gene: genomic structure, promoter characterization and alternative splicing. Jorcyk CL; Watson DK; Mavrothalassitis GJ; Papas TS Oncogene 6: 523-32 (1991) Genomic clones encompassing the human ETS1 gene were isolated and utilized to define its molecular organization. This gene consists of eight exons spanning over 60 kb. The 5' end of the human ETS1 gen91232845 Environmental stresses and mobilization of transposable elements in inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster. Arnault C; Heizmann A; Loevenbruck C; Biemont C Mutat Res 248: 51-60 (1991) Drastic changes in insertion patterns of the mobile elements copia and mdg-1 (a copia-like element) were checked in highly inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster subjected to various stresses. Flies 91232549 Transcriptional antagonist cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) down-regulates c-fos cAMP-induced expression. Foulkes NS; Laoide BM; Schlotter F; Sassone-Corsi P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 5448-52 (1991) Protooncogene c-fos is induced by activation of adenylate cyclase through the major cAMP-responsive element (CRE) centered at position -60 of the promoter. cAMP induction is followed by a rapid decrea91271406 Increased intracellular cyclic AMP levels block PKC-mediated T cell activation by inhibition of c-jun transcription. Tamir A; Isakov N Immunol Lett 27: 95-9 (1991) Antigen binding to specific receptors on T cells (TCR) results in a rapid and transient phosphoinositide hydrolysis followed by activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Activators of adenylate cyclase or91224704 Synthetic oligonucleotides recreate Drosophila fushi tarazu zebra-stripe expression. Topol J; Dearolf CR; Prakash K; Parker CS Genes Dev 5: 855-67 (1991) A complex array of activator and repressor elements located within 669 bp proximal to the fushi tarazu (ftz) transcriptional start site is sufficient to generate the "zebra-stripe" expression pattern 91224494 The E2F transcription factor is a cellular target for the RB protein. Chellappan SP; Hiebert S; Mudryj M; Horowitz JM; Nevins JR Cell 65: 1053-61 (1991) Although it is generally believed that the product of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB1) is an important regulator of cell proliferation, the biochemical mechanism for its action is unclear.91256306 The retinoblastoma protein copurifies with E2F-I, an E1A-regulated inhibitor of the transcription factor E2F. Bagchi S; Weinmann R; Raychaudhuri P Cell 65: 1063-72 (1991) Recently, we identified an inhibitory protein, E2F-I, that blocks the DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor E2F. We also showed that the adenovirus E1A protein reverses this inhibitory acti91256307 The T/E1A-binding domain of the retinoblastoma product can interact selectively with a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Chittenden T; Livingston DM; Kaelin WG Jr Cell 65: 1073-82 (1991) A DNA-binding site selection and enrichment procedure revealed a sequence-specific DNA-binding activity selectively associated with glutathione S-transferase-retinoblastoma protein chimeras (GST-RB) t91256308 Purification of a human glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter-binding protein. Production of polyclonal antibodies against the purified factor. Leclerc S; Xie BX; Roy R; Govindan MV J Biol Chem 266: 8711-9 (1991) The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is an essential protein involved in mediating glucocorticoid-regulated gene transcription. The cellular GR concentration is modulated by a number of factors including 91224961 Erythroleukemia induction by Friend murine leukemia virus: insertional activation of a new member of the ets gene family, Fli-1, closely linked to c-ets-1. Ben-David Y; Giddens EB; Letwin K; Bernstein A Genes Dev 5: 908-18 (1991) The retroviral integration site Fli-1 is rearranged in 75% of the erythroleukemia cell clones induced by Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV), whereas Spi-1/PU.1, a member of the ets family of DNA-bi91257578 Functional analysis and in vivo footprinting implicate the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 as a positive regulator of its own promoter. Tsai SF; Strauss E; Orkin SH Genes Dev 5: 919-31 (1991) Transcription of erythroid-expressed genes and normal erythroid development in vivo are dependent on a regulatory protein (GATA-1) that recognizes a consensus GATA motif. GATA-1 expression is itself r91257579 Chromosome topology in mammalian interphase nuclei. Haaf T; Schmid M Exp Cell Res 192: 325-32 (1991) Since 1968, when Comings published the pioneering paper on "the rationale for an ordered arrangement of chromatin in the interphase nucleus," technical methods have progressed tremendously and improve91106460 A thermodynamic analysis of RNA transcript elongation and termination in Escherichia coli. Yager TD; von Hippel PH Biochemistry 30: 1097-118 (1991) In the first part of this paper we present a thermodynamic analysis of the elongation phase of transcription in Escherichia coli. The stability of the elongation complex is described by a "free energy91113690 Influence of oxygen on DNA binding, positive control, and stability of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum NifA regulatory protein. Morett E; Fischer HM; Hennecke H J Bacteriol 173: 3478-87 (1991) Central to the genetic regulatory circuit that controls Bradyrhizobium japonicum nif and fix gene expression is the NifA protein. NifA activates transcription of several nif and fix genes and autoregu91258330 The role of sigma F in prespore-specific transcription in Bacillus subtilis. Partridge SR; Foulger D; Errington J Mol Microbiol 5: 757-67 (1991) Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is a simple developmental system in which a single cell undergoes differentiation to two 'sister' cells, namely the prespore and the sporangium. Prespore-specific gene91260459 Pheromone-dependent phosphorylation of the yeast STE12 protein correlates with transcriptional activation. Song D; Dolan JW; Yuan YL; Fields S Genes Dev 5: 741-50 (1991) Haploid a and alpha cells of yeast respond to the pheromones alpha- and a-factor, respectively, by increasing the transcription of many genes whose products are essential for mating. The STE12 protein91224484 Modular recognition of 5-base-pair DNA sequence motifs by human heat shock transcription factor. Cunniff NF; Wagner J; Morgan WD Mol Cell Biol 11: 3504-14 (1991) We investigated the recognition of the conserved 5-bp repeated motif NGAAN, which occurs in heat shock gene promoters of Drosophila melanogaster and other eukaryotic organisms, by human heat shock tra91260699 Epidermal growth factor (EGF) elicits down-regulation of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E6/E7 mRNA at the transcriptional level in an EGF-stimulated human keratinocyte cell line: functional rolYasumoto S; Taniguchi A; Sohma K J Virol 65: 2000-9 (1991) We have found that epidermal growth factor (EGF) elicits negative regulation of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E6/E7 at the mRNA level in the HPV-16-immortalized human keratinocyte cell line (P91162752 Inefficient homooligomerization contributes to the dependence of myogenin on E2A products for efficient DNA binding. Chakraborty T; Brennan TJ; Li L; Edmondson D; Olson EN Mol Cell Biol 11: 3633-41 (1991) Myogenin is a muscle-specific transcription factor that can activate myogenesis; it belongs to a family of transcription factors that share homology within a basic region and an adjacent helix-loop-he91260712 Active repression of transcription by the engrailed homeodomain protein. Jaynes JB; O'Farrell PH EMBO J 10: 1427-33 (1991) The Drosophila engrailed gene product (En) is a homeodomain-containing protein that contributes to segmental patterning. In transfection assays it acts as a transcriptional repressor. We show that En 91224094 Ecdysterone receptor is a sequence-specific transcription factor involved in the developmental regulation of heat shock genes. Luo Y; Amin J; Voellmy R Mol Cell Biol 11: 3660-75 (1991) Purification of ecdysterone receptor from Drosophila melanogaster to apparent homogeneity is reported. Purified receptor binds specifically to several sequences in the promoters of the developmentally91260715 Suppression of c-Jun/AP-1 activation by an inhibitor of tumor promotion in mouse fibroblast cells. Huang TS; Lee SC; Lin JK Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 5292-6 (1991) Curcumin, a dietary pigment responsible for the yellow color of curry, is a potent inhibitor of tumor promotion by phorbol esters. Functional activation of transcriptional factor c-Jun/AP-1 is believe91271375 Functional analysis of a liver-specific enhancer of the hepatitis B virus. Trujillo MA; Letovsky J; Maguire HF; Lopez-Cabrera M; Siddiqui A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3797-801 (1991) The liver-specific enhancer I of the human hepatitis B virus contains several regions of DNA-protein interaction. Located within this element are also the domains of a promoter controlling the synthes91219459 Transcriptional role of a conserved GATA-1 site in the human epsilon-globin gene promoter. Gong QH; Stern J; Dean A Mol Cell Biol 11: 2558-66 (1991) The epsilon-globin gene is the first of the human beta-like globin genes to be expressed during development. We have analyzed protein-DNA interactions in the epsilon-globin promoter region by DNase I 91203876 c-rel activates but v-rel suppresses transcription from kappa B sites. Inoue J; Kerr LD; Ransone LJ; Bengal E; Hunter T; Verma IM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3715-9 (1991) We show that the product of the protooncogene c-rel is a constituent of an NF-kappa B-like complex that binds to the kappa B site originally identified in the enhancer of immunoglobulin kappa light ch91219442 Adenovirus E1a prevents the retinoblastoma gene product from complexing with a cellular transcription factor. Bandara LR; La Thangue NB Nature 351: 494-7 (1991) The transforming proteins of several DNA tumour viruses, including adenovirus E1a and simian virus 40 large T antigen, complex with the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumour-suppressor gene product. This require91260854 Reduced binding of TFIID to transcriptionally compromised mutants of VP16. Ingles CJ; Shales M; Cress WD; Triezenberg SJ; Greenblatt J Nature 351: 588-90 (1991) Activator proteins that control transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II usually have two domains: one binds to DNA, and the other activates transcription. A particularly potent acidic activation91260880 CREB: a Ca(2+)-regulated transcription factor phosphorylated by calmodulin-dependent kinases. Sheng M; Thompson MA; Greenberg ME Science 252: 1427-30 (1991) The mechanism by which Ca2+ mediates gene induction in response to membrane depolarization was investigated. The adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) was shown 91262617 Processing of the precursor of NF-kappa B by the HIV-1 protease during acute infection. Riviere Y; Blank V; Kourilsky P; Israel A Nature 350: 625-6 (1991) Transcription of the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) genome is regulated in part by cellular factors and is stimulated by activation of latently infected T cells. T-cell activation also co91204058 A Pit-1 binding site 3' to the transcription start site inhibits transcription elongation in vitro. Smith KP; Sharp ZD Biochem Biophys Res Commun 177: 790-6 (1991) The transcription factor Pit-1 can autoregulate its own expression by interacting with binding sites associated with the Pit-1 gene. One of these binding sites is located within the transcribed region91264847 [Transcriptional regulation of plant genes by light] Shinozaki K Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 36: 115-27 (1991) 91204989 Analysis of the genes involved in the insulin transmembrane mitogenic signal in Chinese hamster ovary cells, CHO-K1, utilizing insulin-independent mutants. Mamounas M; Ross S; Luong CL; Brown E; Coulter K; Carroll G; Englesberg E Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3530-4 (1991) CHO-K1 cells, wild type (WT), grow in a defined medium with insulin as the only essential hormone. When starved for insulin, these cells accumulate in G0/G1 stage. Insulin binding to its receptor stim91219405 Mutual functional antagonism of the simian virus 40 T antigen and the hepatitis B virus trans activator. Seto E; Yen TS J Virol 65: 2351-6 (1991) The hepatitis B virus X protein (pX) trans activates transcription of a wide variety of viral and cellular genes, apparently by interacting with multiple cellular transcription factors. It has been sh91202574 Supercoiling is essential for the formation and stability of the initiation complex at the divergent malEp and malKp promoters. Richet E; Raibaud O J Mol Biol 218: 529-42 (1991) malEp and malKp are divergent and partially overlapping promoters of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon, whose activity depends on the presence of two transcriptional activators. MalT and CRP (cAMP 91202533 TFIID is required for in vitro transcription of the human U6 gene by RNA polymerase III. Simmen KA; Bernues J; Parry HD; Stunnenberg HG; Berkenstam A; Cavallini B; Egly JM; Mattaj IW EMBO J 10: 1853-62 (1991) We present evidence that transcription factor TFIID, known for its central role in transcription by RNA polymerase II, is also involved in RNA polymerase III transcription of the human U6 snRNA gene. 91266915 Identification of a serum- and phorbol ester-responsive element in the murine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase gene. Campbell CE; Flenniken AM; Skup D; Williams BR J Biol Chem 266: 7199-206 (1991) Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP) is one of a family of metalloproteinase inhibitors and a major interstitial inhibitor of collagenase. Transcription of the TIMP gene is induced by such div91201381 Functional differences between yeast and human TFIID are localized to the highly conserved region. Cormack BP; Strubin M; Ponticelli AS; Struhl K Cell 65: 341-8 (1991) TFIID, the general transcription factor that binds TATA promoter elements, is highly conserved throughout the eukaryotic kingdom. TFIIDs from different organisms contain C-terminal core domains that a91199203 Negative regulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I promoter in embryonal carcinoma cells. Flanagan JR; Murata M; Burke PA; Shirayoshi Y; Appella E; Sharp PA; Ozato K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3145-9 (1991) Transcription of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes is negatively regulated in undifferentiated F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells via the conserved upstream regulatory region. This 91195309 Interleukin-1 or phorbol induction of the stromelysin promoter requires an element that cooperates with AP-1. Sirum-Connolly K; Brinckerhoff CE Nucleic Acids Res 19: 335-41 (1991) Interleukin-1, a mediator of inflammation, or tumor promoting phorbol esters induce transcription of stromelysin, a metalloproteinase that degrades extracellular matrix molecules and that is overexpre91195056 Sequences downstream from the transcriptional start site are essential for microaerobic, but not symbiotic, expression of the Rhizobium meliloti nifHDK promoter. Wang YP; Birkenhead K; Dobson A; Boesten B; O'Gara F Mol Microbiol 5: 157-62 (1991) Deletion analysis studies have been carried out on the nifHDK promoter (P1) of R. meliloti in an attempt to determine sequences involved in the expression of this promoter under both free-living micro91194545 Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of c-fos expression by the tumor promoter okadaic acid. Schonthal A; Tsukitani Y; Feramisco JR Oncogene 6: 423-30 (1991) Phosphorylation events are major regulatory mechanisms of signal transduction pathways that control cell growth and differentiation. We analyzed the potential contribution of serine/threonine specific91187443 Direct interaction between adenovirus E1A protein and the TATA box binding transcription factor IID. Horikoshi N; Maguire K; Kralli A; Maldonado E; Reinberg D; Weinmann R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 5124-8 (1991) Adenovirus E1A has long been known to activate/repress cellular and viral transcription. The transcriptional activity of nuclear extracts was depleted after chromatography on immobilized E1A protein c91271342 cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulate the human heat shock protein 70 gene promoter activity. Choi HS; Li B; Lin Z; Huang E; Liu AY J Biol Chem 266: 11858-65 (1991) The theme of this study is an evaluation of the involvement of cAMP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) in the regulation of the human heat shock protein (hsp) 70 gene promoter. Expression of a hi91268059 Direct selection for sequences encoding proteases of known specificity. Smith TA; Kohorn BD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 5159-62 (1991) We have developed a simple genetic selection that could be used to isolate eukaryotic cDNAs encoding proteases that cleave within a defined amino acid sequence. The selection was developed by using th91271349 c-JUN, JUN B, and JUN D differ in their binding affinities to AP-1 and CRE consensus sequences: effect of FOS proteins. Ryseck RP; Bravo R Oncogene 6: 533-42 (1991) We have compared the binding properties of c-JUN, JUN B, and JUN D in the absence or in the presence of c-FOS, FOS B, and FRA-1 to different AP-1 and CRE-containing oligonucleotides. The results demon91232846 Transcription activation at a distance by phage phi 29 protein p4. Effect of bent and non-bent intervening DNA sequences. Serrano M; Barthelemy I; Salas M J Mol Biol 219: 403-14 (1991) Protein p4 of the Bacillus subtilis phage phi 29 switches on the transcription of the viral late genes by binding to the viral late promoter at a region close to the RNA polymerase binding site. Gel r91269318 E1A dependent up-regulation of c-jun/AP-1 activity. Kitabayashi I; Chiu R; Gachelin G; Yokoyama K Nucleic Acids Res 19: 649-55 (1991) E1A, the early region 1A transcription unit of human adenovirus, exhibits multiple functions that regulate the expression of some cellular genes and promote cell growth and division. We found that E1A91187688 Functional interdependence of the yeast SNF2, SNF5, and SNF6 proteins in transcriptional activation. Laurent BC; Treitel MA; Carlson M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 2687-91 (1991) The SNF2, SNF5, and SNF6 genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are required for expression of a variety of differently regulated genes. Previous evidence implicated the SNF5 protein in transcriptional act91187857 Developmentally regulated and tissue specific expression of mRNAs encoding the two alternative forms of the LIM domain oncogene rhombotin: evidence for thymus expression. Boehm T; Spillantini MG; Sofroniew MV; Surani MA; Rabbitts TH Oncogene 6: 695-703 (1991) The T-cell oncogene rhombotin was first identified as a gene near a chromosomal translocation breakpoint in a human T-cell tumour and represents the first example of an oncogene carrying the duplicate91270885 The structure of the mouse cathepsin B gene and its putative promoter. Qian F; Frankfater A; Chan SJ; Steiner DF DNA Cell Biol 10: 159-68 (1991) The mouse cathepsin B gene and its flanking regions were cloned and characterized. The gene contains 10 exons and 9 introns spanning about 20 kb. Although the exon-intron organization of the mouse cat91190267 Isolation of TFC1, a gene encoding one of two DNA-binding subunits of yeast transcription factor tau (TFIIIC). Swanson RN; Conesa C; Lefebvre O; Carles C; Ruet A; Quemeneur E; Gagnon J; Sentenac A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4887-91 (1991) Transcription factor TFIIIC mediates tRNA and 5S RNA gene activation by binding to intragenic promoter elements. The factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also called tau, is a large, multisubunit pro91271298 Hormone-dependent transcriptional regulation and cellular transformation by Fos-steroid receptor fusion proteins. Superti-Furga G; Bergers G; Picard D; Busslinger M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 5114-8 (1991) The protooncogene c-fos has been implicated in the control of proliferation and transformation of fibroblasts, and its protein product is an essential component of transcription factor AP1. The import91271340 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone regulation of thyrotropin beta-subunit gene expression involves intracellular calcium and protein kinase C. Carr FE; Galloway RJ; Reid AH; Kaseem LL; Dhillon G; Fein HG; Smallridge RC Biochemistry 30: 3721-8 (1991) Our previous studies demonstrated TRH stimulation of TSH beta gene expression in rat pituitary cell cultures and GH3 tumor cells in a transient expression assay. To begin to characterize the gene-prox91198034 The human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat contains sequences showing partial homology to glucocorticoid responsive elements. Katsanakis CD; Sekeris CE; Spandidos DA Anticancer Res 11: 381-3 (1991) Steroid hormone receptor genes represent a multigene family encoding ligand activated transcription factors which act by binding to defined nucleotide sequences termed Hormone Responsive Elements (HRE91206937 NF-X, a transcription factor implicated in MHC class II gene regulation. Kouskoff V; Mantovani RM; Candeias SM; Dorn A; Staub A; Lisowska-Grospierre B; Griscelli C; Benoist CO; Mathis DJ J Immunol 146: 3197-204 (1991) The X box has been shown in several assay systems to be a critical element of MHC class II gene promoters. Several X box-binding activities have been discovered in nuclear extracts from a variety of c91201893 Variable effects of phosphorylation of Pit-1 dictated by the DNA response elements. Kapiloff MS; Farkash Y; Wegner M; Rosenfeld MG Science 253: 786-9 (1991) Pit-1, a tissue-specific POU domain transcription factor, is required for the activation of the prolactin, growth hormone, and Pit-1 promoters that confer regulation by epidermal growth factor, adenos91343911 Specificity of mutational DNA sequence changes induced by X-rays in the cloned Escherichia coli crp gene. Takimoto K; Uchino K; Ishizaki K; Ikenaga M Mutat Res 254: 199-206 (1991) Plasmid DNA carrying the adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate receptor protein (crp) gene of Escherichia coli was irradiated, in solution, with X-rays, and the mutations produced in the crp gene were 91270256 Regulation of glutathione transferase P gene during hepatocarcinogenesis of the rat. Muramatsu M; Okuda A; Morimura S; Osada S; Imagawa M; Sakai M Adv Enzyme Regul 31: 319-25 (1991) 91344694 Activation of the c-jun protooncogene in human myeloid leukemia cells treated with etoposide. Rubin E; Kharbanda S; Gunji H; Kufe D Mol Pharmacol 39: 697-701 (1991) The epipodophyllotoxin etoposide is an inhibitor of topoisomerase II. The effects of this agent on gene expression, particularly the transcriptional induction of genes implicated in growth control, ar91270211 The upstream region of the human gamma-globin gene promoter. Identification and functional analysis of nuclear protein binding sites. McDonagh KT; Lin HJ; Lowrey CH; Bodine DM; Nienhuis AW J Biol Chem 266: 11965-74 (1991) The promoter of the human gamma-globin gene confers tissue specificity as well as developmental stage specificity to gamma gene expression. Earlier work in our laboratory suggested that a fragment of 91268074 Related RNA polymerase-binding regions in human RAP30/74 and Escherichia coli sigma 70. McCracken S; Greenblatt J Science 253: 900-2 (1991) RAP30/74 is a heteromeric general transcription initiation factor that binds to mammalian RNA polymerase II. The RAP30 subunit contains a region that is similar in amino acid sequence to the RNA polym91343930 Sigma factor relatives in eukaryotes. Jaehning JA Science 253: 859 (1991) 91343927 The molecular biology of MHC genes. Accolla RS; Auffray C; Singer DS; Guardiola J Immunol Today 12: 97-9 (1991) Antigenic peptides become associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II surface antigens, are then presented to T cells and thereby elicit an antigen-specific cellular or91282940 Identification of Ets- and notch-related subunits in GA binding protein [see comments] LaMarco K; Thompson CC; Byers BP; Walton EM; McKnight SL Science 253: 789-92 (1991) Recombinant cDNA clones that encode two distinct subunits of the transcription factor GA binding protein (GABP) have been isolated. The predicted amino acid sequence of one subunit, GABP alpha, exhibi91343912 5' upstream sequence and genomic structure of the human primary response gene, EGR-1/TIS8. Sakamoto KM; Bardeleben C; Yates KE; Raines MA; Golde DW; Gasson JC Oncogene 6: 867-71 (1991) EGR-1/TIS8 is a primary response gene that encodes a zinc finger containing protein and is induced in a number of cell types by a variety of ligands. We have isolated and mapped the human EGR-1/TIS8 g91270907 The activity of the CIII regulator of lambdoid bacteriophages resides within a 24-amino acid protein domain. Kornitzer D; Altuvia S; Oppenheim AB Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 5217-21 (1991) The CIII protein of lambdoid bacteriophages promotes lysogeny by stabilizing the phage-encoded CII protein, a transcriptional activator of the repressor and integrase genes. We have isolated a set of 91271360 Synaptic regulation of the enkephalin gene and transcription factors in vivo: possible roles in drug abuse. Uhl GR; Appleby D; Nishimori T; Buzzi MG; Moskowitz MA NIDA Res Monogr 105: 123-9 (1991) 91342741 The gene encoding the transcription factor SCIP has features of an expressed retroposon. Kuhn R; Monuki ES; Lemke G Mol Cell Biol 11: 4642-50 (1991) SCIP is a POU domain transcription factor expressed by glial progenitor cells in the peripheral and central nervous systems (dividing Schwann cells and O-2A cells, respectively), where it appears to a91342667 Growth hormone induces expression of c-jun and jun B oncogenes and employs a protein kinase C signal transduction pathway for the induction of c-fos oncogene expression. Slootweg MC; de Groot RP; Herrmann-Erlee MP; Koornneef I; Kruijer W; Kramer YM J Mol Endocrinol 6: 179-88 (1991) Although the structure of several members of the GH receptor family has been defined, signal transduction following GH binding to its receptor has not been elucidated. Mouse osteoblasts were used to s91254482 [Some aspects of antibiotic resistance of oligotrophic bacteria] Zlatkin IV; Vishnevetskaia OIu; Nikitin DI Antibiot Khimioter 36: 34-7 (1991) Antibiotic resistance spectra of a large group of oligotrophic and eutrophic bacteria from the open soil and aquatic ecosystems were studied. It was shown that sometimes antibiotic resistance of the o91345430 The ras-related gene rhoB is an immediate-early gene inducible by v-Fps, epidermal growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor in rat fibroblasts. Jahner D; Hunter T Mol Cell Biol 11: 3682-90 (1991) A set of genes is rapidly inducible when quiescent fibroblasts are stimulated by growth factors or by the activation of temperature-sensitive retroviral protein-tyrosine kinases. Most of these so-call91260717 Transactivation of pancreas-specific gene sequences in somatic cell hybrids. Wu KJ; Samuelson LC; Howard G; Meisler MH; Darlington GJ Mol Cell Biol 11: 4423-30 (1991) Enhancer/promoter elements from two pancreas-specific genes, those encoding amylase and elastase, were ligated to the bacterial GPT gene. The resulting construct can be used to select for expression o91342643 The AP-1 sequence is necessary but not sufficient for phorbol induction of collagenase in fibroblasts. Auble DT; Brinckerhoff CE Biochemistry 30: 4629-35 (1991) Collagenase, the only enzyme active at neutral pH that initiates collagen degradation, is a major gene product of fibroblasts that have been stimulated with a variety of agents, including phorbol este91215014 Dopamine activation of an orphan of the steroid receptor superfamily. Power RF; Lydon JP; Conneely OM; O'Malley BW Science 252: 1546-8 (1991) The chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily and participates in the regulation of several genes. While a number of functions 91262630 Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-4, JHM) blocks gamma-interferon-induced major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression on murine cerebral endothelial cells. Joseph J; Knobler RL; Lublin FD; Hart MN J Neuroimmunol 33: 181-90 (1991) The regulation of gamma-interferon-induced major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigen expression on mouse cerebral endothelial cells by the neurotropic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV-4, JHM) 91341086 Growth rate regulation of translation initiation factor IF3 biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. Liveris D; Klotsky RA; Schwartz I J Bacteriol 173: 3888-93 (1991) infC, the gene encoding translation initiation factor IF3 in Escherichia coli, can be transcribed from three promoters. Two of these promoters, PI1 and PI2, are located in the upstream thrS sequence w91267956 Small cytokine superfamily. Sherry B; Cerami A Curr Opin Immunol 3: 56-60 (1991) Proteins comprising a newly described superfamily of small inducible cytokines (tentatively designated 'scy') exhibit considerable similarity with respect to activity, regulation and genomic structure91273836 The 5' untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus contains a sequence for very efficient binding of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF-2/2B. Scheper GC; Thomas AA; Voorma HO Biochim Biophys Acta 1089: 220-6 (1991) The mechanism by which internal ribosomal binding on the picornaviral RNA takes place is still not known. An important role has been suggested for eukaryotic initiation factors eIF-4A, eIF-4B, as well91274352 Human erythroid 5-aminolevulinate synthase: promoter analysis and identification of an iron-responsive element in the mRNA. Cox TC; Bawden MJ; Martin A; May BK EMBO J 10: 1891-902 (1991) 5-Aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS) catalyzes the first step of the heme biosynthetic pathway. cDNA clones for the human erythroid ALAS isozyme were isolated from a fetal liver library. It can be deduce91266919 Genetic regulation of morphogenesis in Bacillus subtilis: roles of sigma E and sigma F in prespore engulfment. Illing N; Errington J J Bacteriol 173: 3159-69 (1991) Electron microscopic examination of sporulating cultures of wild-type Bacillus subtilis revealed that the morphological events previously characterized as stages II and III can be divided into four su91216988 Sequences near the CCAAT region and putative 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-response element and further upstream novel regulatory sequences of calbindin-D28k promoter show DNase I footprinting protection. Boland R; Minghetti PP; Lowe KE; Norman AW Mol Cell Endocrinol 75: 57-63 (1991) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, the hormonally active form of vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D3), plays a major role in the transcriptional regulation of the vitamin D-induced calcium binding protein calbindin-D28k in91267284 Cloning and characterization of a novel sequence-specific DNA-binding protein recognizing the negative regulatory element (NRE) region of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat. Calvert I; Peng ZQ; Kung HF; Raziuddin Gene 101: 171-6 (1991) The present studies describe the isolation of a murine cDNA clone that encodes a novel DNA-binding protein recognizing the negative regulatory element (NRE) region of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (L91276268 Regulation of alpha-fetoprotein gene expression by antagonism between AP-1 and the glucocorticoid receptor at their overlapping binding site. Zhang XK; Dong JM; Chiu JF J Biol Chem 266: 8248-54 (1991) We show here that the alpha-fetoprotein gene (AFP) promoter can be regulated by AP-1 activity using transient transfection assays. AFP promoter activity induced by c-jun/c-fos can be repressed by cotr91217059 HNF-1 alpha and HNF-1 beta (vHNF-1) share dimerization and homeo domains, but not activation domains, and form heterodimers in vitro. Mendel DB; Hansen LP; Graves MK; Conley PB; Crabtree GR Genes Dev 5: 1042-56 (1991) HNF-1 alpha (previously referred to as HNF-1, LPB1, and APF) is a vertebrate transcription factor that contains a divergent homeo domain and plays a prominent role in regulating genes that have the co91257571 Structure of the Drosophila gene for the laminin B2 chain. Chi HC; Juminaga D; Wang SY; Hui CF DNA Cell Biol 10: 451-66 (1991) We isolated and sequenced a Drosophila genomic DNA sequence that encodes the entire coding region of the laminin B2 chain. The 11,464-bp genomic sequence contains a 2.1-kb of 5'-flanking DNA, ten exon91299161 [The dynamics of the chromatin transcription activity in cerebellar Purkinje cells after systemic circulatory arrest] Avrushchenko MSh; Bul'chuk OV; Grigor'eva AV; Marshak TL; Iarygin VN Biull Eksp Biol Med 111: 232-5 (1991) Transcriptional activity of the dark and light Purkinje cells' nuclei in cerebellar cortex was studied in rats 1h, 24h, 96h and 7 days post a systemic blood circulation arrest. The study was performed91274665 Regulation by epidermal growth factor of the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 mRNA in cultured rat liver epithelial cells. Tsao MS; Zhang XY; Liu C; Grisham JW Exp Cell Res 195: 214-7 (1991) Expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 mRNA in cultured rat liver epithelial cells is stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), and this increased expression reflects enhanced transc91275929 New pUC-derived cloning vectors with different selectable markers and DNA replication origins. Vieira J; Messing J Gene 100: 189-94 (1991) Four new Escherichia coli cloning vectors are described, pUC6S, pUC21, pUK21 and pOK12. These vectors contain a polylinker or multiple cloning site (MCS) with the recognition sequences for 28 restrict91276241 The expression of several T cell-specific and novel genes is repressed by trans-acting factors in immature T lymphoma clones. Wilkinson MF; Doskow J; von Borstel R 2d; Fong AM; MacLeod CL J Exp Med 174: 269-80 (1991) Cell surface proteins encoded by members of the immunoglobulin supergene family are sequentially expressed during T cell ontogeny. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the regulation of these surf91277618 Human tumor necrosis factor alpha gene regulation in phorbol ester stimulated T and B cell lines. Goldfeld AE; Strominger JL; Doyle C J Exp Med 174: 73-81 (1991) The minimal region of the human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) gene promoter necessary for its transcriptional induction by phorbol esters (PMA) in human T and B lymphocyte cell lines has bee91277630 Several regions of Antennapedia and thyroid transcription factor 1 homeodomains contribute to DNA binding specificity. Damante G; Di Lauro R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 5388-92 (1991) The DNA binding specificities of the homeodomains contained in thyroid transcription factor 1 and Antennapedia have been compared. The two homeodomains recognize different DNA sequences, despite the s91271394 A recombinant cDNA derived from human brain encodes a DNA binding protein that stimulates transcription of the human neurotropic virus JCV. Kerr D; Khalili K J Biol Chem 266: 15876-81 (1991) The human neurotropic virus JCV contains a 98-base pair repeat enhancer/promoter sequence that confers glial-specific transcription to the viral early and late promoters. The central region of this re91340730 Yeast alpha-mating factor receptor-linked G-protein signal transduction suppresses Ras-dependent activity. Arkinstall SJ; Papasavvas SG; Payton MA FEBS Lett 284: 123-8 (1991) Homologues of mammalian Ras conserved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mediate glucose-stimulated cyclic AMP formation and we used this response to test for regulation of yeast Ras activity by the alpha-ma91285094 End-joining of DNA fragments in adenovirus transfection of human cells. Munz PL; Young CS Virology 183: 160-9 (1991) Overlapping terminal fragments of adenovirus DNA transfected into human cells either recombine to form standard unit-length genomes, or can join end-to-end to produce internally redundant, viable, gen91272476 A novel function of the cAMP-CRP complex in Escherichia coli: cAMP-CRP functions as an adaptor for the CytR repressor in the deo operon. Sogaard-Andersen L; Pedersen H; Holst B; Valentin-Hansen P Mol Microbiol 5: 969-75 (1991) Unlike classical bacterial repressors, the CytR repressor of Escherichia coli cannot independently regulate gene expression. Here we show that CytR binding to the deoP2 promoter relies on interaction 91312136 Regulation of jun-B expression by a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent mechanism in human myeloid cells. Datta R; Nakamura T; Sherman ML; Kufe D Blood 78: 83-8 (1991) The present studies have examined the regulation of the jun-B early response gene by cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent signaling pathways. The 2.0-kb jun-B transcript was at low but detectable levels in uni91300073 The leucine zipper of TFE3 dictates helix-loop-helix dimerization specificity. Beckmann H; Kadesch T Genes Dev 5: 1057-66 (1991) TFE3 is a DNA-binding protein that activates transcription through the muE3 site of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. Its amino acid sequence reveals two putative protein dimerization motifs: a91257572 Distinct DNA targets for trans-activation by HTLV-1 tax and adenovirus E1A. Nicholas J; Nevins JR Virology 182: 156-67 (1991) The HTLV-1 LTR is trans-activated by both the HTLV-1 tax (p40x) and adenovirus E1A gene products. Previous experiments have localized tax-responsive cis-elements to three 21-bp repeat units within the91220647 Activation of the Pseudomonas TOL plasmid upper pathway operon. Identification of binding sites for the positive regulator XylR and for integration host factor protein. Abril MA; Buck M; Ramos JL J Biol Chem 266: 15832-8 (1991) Expression of the Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid upper pathway operon requires a promoter that belongs to the -12/-24 class. Stimulation of transcription from this promoter is positively controlled by91340723 Regulation of c-fos, c-jun, jun-B, and c-myc messenger ribonucleic acids by gonadotropin and growth factors in cultured pig Leydig cell. Hall SH; Berthelon MC; Avallet O; Saez JM Endocrinology 129: 1243-9 (1991) The nuclear protooncogenes have been implicated in the coordinate regulation of gene expression during cell proliferation and differentiation. Previous work has shown that LH and human h CG as well as91339737 ftsZ is an essential cell division gene in Escherichia coli. Dai K; Lutkenhaus J J Bacteriol 173: 3500-6 (1991) The ftsZ gene is thought to be an essential cell division gene in Escherichia coli. We constructed a null allele of ftsZ in a strain carrying additional copies of ftsZ on a plasmid with a temperature-91258333 Mammalian beta-polymerase promoter: large-scale purification and properties of ATF/CREB palindrome binding protein from bovine testes. Widen SG; Wilson SH Biochemistry 30: 6296-305 (1991) The mammalian DNA repair enzyme beta-polymerase is encoded by a single-copy gene that is expressed in all tissues and cell lines studied to date. A protein fraction with high binding affinity for an A91283474 Differential expression of the mouse U1a and U1b SnRNA genes is not dependent on sequence differences in the octamer motif. Lea I; Moore HD; Latchman DS Biochem J 277 ( Pt 3): 719-22 (1991) The mouse U1b SnRNA gene is expressed in only a limited range of cell types, whereas the U1a SnRNA gene is expressed in all cells. These two genes differ in the sequence of the octamer motif, which pl91336993 Studies of the Bradyrhizobium japonicum nodD1 promoter: a repeated structure for the nod box. Wang SP; Stacey G J Bacteriol 173: 3356-65 (1991) Induction of nod genes in Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium species is dependent on the presence of plant-produced flavonoids, the NodD protein, and the cis-acting nod box promoter sequence. Although the n91258315 Alteration of the phase and period of a circadian oscillator by a reversible transcription inhibitor. Raju U; Koumenis C; Nunez-Regueiro M; Eskin A Science 253: 673-5 (1991) A function for transcription in the mechanism of a circadian oscillator was investigated with the reversible transcription inhibitor 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D- ribobenzimidazole (DRB). Two-hour treatments91335213 Phosphorylation of nuclear protein is an early event in TGF beta 1 action. Kramer IM; Koornneef I; de Vries C; de Groot RP; de Laat SW; van den Eijnden-van Raaij AJ; Kruijer W Biochem Biophys Res Commun 175: 816-22 (1991) Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) is a family of polypeptides that modulate growth and differentiation. TGF beta exerts its effects on target cells through interaction with specific cell surf91222188 Lack of a requirement for strict rotational alignment among transcription factor binding sites in yeast. Inokuchi K; Nakayama A Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3099-103 (1991) The MF alpha 1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an alpha specific gene whose expression is regulated by two upstream activation sites (UASMF alpha 1S), which are the binding sites for activator pro91279468 Transfected trophoblast-derived human cells can express a single HLA class I allelic product. Boucraut J; Hakem R; Gauthier A; Fauchet R; Le Bouteiller P Tissue Antigens 37: 84-9 (1991) The human trophoblast-derived JAR cell line, that does not express polymorphic HLA class I antigens even after IFN induction, can be stably transfected by genomic clones encoding the entire HLA-A2, -A91280564 Nuclear protein binding to octamer motifs in the immunoglobulin gamma 1 switch region. Schultz CL; Elenich LA; Dunnick WA Int Immunol 3: 109-16 (1991) Initiation of the immunoglobulin heavy chain switch DNA rearrangement event is thought to involve conversion of the target switch region DNA to an accessible state. Accessibility is likely to be media91223034 Comparison on collagen gene expression in the developing chick embryo tendon and heart. Tissue and development time-dependent action of dexamethasone. Oikarinen A; Makela J; Vuorio T; Vuorio E Biochim Biophys Acta 1089: 40-6 (1991) Glucocorticoids modulate various cellular functions such as proliferation, energy metabolism and the synthesis of proteins. In the present study, the response of collagen genes to dexamethasone in dif91223096 Regulation of c-fos and c-jun protooncogene expression by the Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin. Schonthal A; Sugarman J; Brown JH; Hanley MR; Feramisco JR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7096-100 (1991) Thapsigargin, a non-phorbol-ester-type tumor promoter, discharges intracellular Ca2+ stores by specific inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase. We used this drug to analyze the involvem91334412 Expression of RNase P RNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by an unusual RNA polymerase III promoter. Lee JY; Evans CF; Engelke DR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6986-90 (1991) The RNA subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae nuclear RNase P is encoded by a single-copy, essential gene, RPR1. The 369-nucleotide mature form of the RNA has an apparent precursor with an 84-nucleotide91334390 The maternal store of zinc finger protein encoding mRNAs in fully grown Xenopus oocytes is not required for early embryogenesis. el-Baradi T; Bouwmeester T; Giltay R; Pieler T EMBO J 10: 1407-13 (1991) A large family of C2H2 (Kruppel-like) zinc finger protein genes is maternally transcribed in Xenopus oocytes; many of the corresponding mRNAs are actively translated post-fertilization, before the ons91224092 Mutation of serum response factor phosphorylation sites and the mechanism by which its DNA-binding activity is increased by casein kinase II. Manak JR; Prywes R Mol Cell Biol 11: 3652-9 (1991) Casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylates the mammalian transcription factor serum response factor (SRF) on a serine residue(s) located within a region of the protein spanning amino acids 70 to 92, there91260714 Protein motifs that recognize structural features of DNA. Churchill ME; Travers AA Trends Biochem Sci 16: 92-7 (1991) Many proteins have the ability to bind to a variety of DNA sequences, the recognition of which depends on some general rather than specific feature of the DNA. Some of the protein motifs that are resp91280670 DNA-binding specificity of the fushi tarazu homeodomain. Florence B; Handrow R; Laughon A Mol Cell Biol 11: 3613-23 (1991) The fushi tarazu (ftz) gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that functions in the formation of body segments. Here we report an analysis of the DNA-bin91260710 Alteration of homeobox gene expression by N-ras transformation of PA-1 human teratocarcinoma cells. Buettner R; Yim SO; Hong YS; Boncinelli E; Tainsky MA Mol Cell Biol 11: 3573-83 (1991) We used a series of cell clones from a human teratocarcinoma cell line, PA-1, to study the effect of transformation by an activated N-ras oncogene on the expression of genes involved in retinoic acid 91260707 In vivo transcriptional pattern in the infC operon of Bacillus stearothermophilus. Falconi M; Brombach M; Gualerzi CO; Pon CL Mol Gen Genet 227: 60-4 (1991) By Northern blot and primer extension analyses it was shown that in Bacillus stearothermophilus the genes infC, rpmI and rplT constitute a single transcriptional unit; the promoter and the transcripti91260680 Sequence similarity between opioid peptide precursors and DNA-binding proteins. Bakalkin GYa; Ponomariev D; Sarkisyan RA; Terenius L FEBS Lett 282: 175-7 (1991) The opioid peptide precursors, preprodynorphin and preproenkephalin show structure similarity with a transcription factor, hunchback and the putative helix-loop-helix DNA-binding proteins, lil-1, tal 91224326 Induction of differentiation of avian erythroblastosis virus-transformed erythroblasts by the protein kinase inhibitor H7: analysis of the transcription factor EF1. Nicolas RH; Partington G; Major GN; Smith B; Carne AF; Huskisson N; Goodwin G Cell Growth Differ 2: 129-35 (1991) The protein kinase inhibitor H7 [1-5(isoquinolinesulfonyl-2-methylpiperazine)] together with a temperature shift to 42 degrees C was found to reproducibly and efficiently induce differentiation of avi91283371 Identification of a promoter dependent on NifA and sigma 54 upstream of nifH in Azospirillum lipoferum. Tripathi AK; Kreutzer R; Klingmuller W Mol Gen Genet 227: 86-90 (1991) Southern hybridization experiments strongly indicate that the regulatory region of the Azospirillum lipoferum nifH gene is located on a cloned 1.1 kb BamHI-XhoI restriction fragment. By cloning this f91260684 Activation of Epstein-Barr virus promoters by a growth-factor and a glucocorticoid. Schuster C; Chasserot-Golaz S; Beck G FEBS Lett 284: 82-6 (1991) Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and a glucocorticosteroid, Dexamethasone (DXM), both cause transcriptional induction of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) early antigens (EA) in Daudi lymphoma cells.91285114 A new family of bacterial regulatory proteins. Haydon DJ; Guest JR FEMS Microbiol Lett 63: 291-5 (1991) A new family of bacterial regulatory proteins has been identified by sequence similarity. The family contains the repressor of the Bacillus subtilis gluconate operon (GntR), the regulators for histidi91285375 DNA recognition by the helix-turn-helix motif: investigation by laser Raman spectroscopy of the phage lambda repressor and its interaction with operator sites OL1 and OR3. Benevides JM; Weiss MA; Thomas GJ Jr Biochemistry 30: 5955-63 (1991) The lambda repressor provides a model system for biophysical studies of DNA recognition by the helix-turn-helix motif. We describe laser Raman studies of the lambda operator sites OL1 and OR3 and thei91255219 Regulation of transferrin receptor expression and control of cell growth. Neckers LM Pathobiology 59: 11-8 (1991) Transferrin receptor expression is vital for the continuous growth of most cells. Although iron plays a key role in modulating transferrin receptor expression, other physiological factors are also cap91254518 Domains of the adenovirus E1A protein required for oncogenic activity are also required for dissociation of E2F transcription factor complexes. Raychaudhuri P; Bagchi S; Devoto SH; Kraus VB; Moran E; Nevins JR Genes Dev 5: 1200-11 (1991) Recent experiments have shown that the cellular E2F transcription factor is found in complexes with cellular proteins and that one such complex contains the cyclin-A protein. Isolation of a cellular a91293581 Nucleotide and derived amino-acid sequences of the CRE-binding proteins from rat C6 glioma and HeLa cells. Short ML; Manohar CF; Furtado MR; Ghadge GD; Wolinsky SM; Thimmapaya B; Jungmann RA Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4290 (1991) 91334144 Isolation of estrogen receptor-binding sites in human genomic DNA. Inoue S; Kondo S; Hashimoto M; Kondo T; Muramatsu M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4091-6 (1991) Total genomic DNA digested by restriction enzymes was mixed with the DNA-binding domain of the estrogen receptor (ER-DBD) that was expressed in Escherichia coli and the fragments that bound to it were91334113 Convergence of Ets- and notch-related structural motifs in a heteromeric DNA binding complex [see comments] Thompson CC; Brown TA; McKnight SL Science 253: 762-8 (1991) Analysis of the heteromeric DNA binding protein GABP has revealed the interaction of two distinct peptide sequence motifs normally associated with proteins located in different cellular compartments. 91343907 A rapid, efficient method for purifying DNA-binding proteins. Denaturation-renaturation chromatography of human and yeast mitochondrial extracts. Fisher RP; Lisowsky T; Breen GA; Clayton DA J Biol Chem 266: 9153-60 (1991) We describe a novel method for the purification of DNA-binding proteins. Isolated mitochondria were lysed in boiling sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing buffer, the extracts were chromatographed on hydr91225021 Patterns of DNA methylation in selected human genes in different Hodgkin's lymphoma and leukemia cell lines and in normal human lymphocytes. Achten S; Behn-Krappa A; Jucker M; Sprengel J; Holker I; Schmitz B; Tesch H; Diehl V; Doerfler W Cancer Res 51: 3702-9 (1991) The human genome, like many other genomes, harbors highly specific patterns of DNA methylation which have not yet been systematically studied. In a limited investigation on the genes for tumor necrosi91292476 Heat shock, stress proteins, chaperones, and proteotoxicity. Hightower LE Cell 66: 191-7 (1991) 91309134 Molecular characterization of the vaccinia virus hemagglutinin gene. Brown CK; Turner PC; Moyer RW J Virol 65: 3598-606 (1991) The vaccinia virus hemagglutinin (HA) is a glycoprotein found on the plasma membrane of infected cells and the envelope of extracellular virus. Two forms of HA (85 and 68 kDa) are detected by immunobl91251211 Decreased levels of the androgen receptor in the mature rat phallus are associated with decreased levels of androgen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid. Takane KK; Wilson JD; McPhaul MJ Endocrinology 129: 1093-100 (1991) Growth of the penis at sexual maturation is under the control of androgens, but growth ceases as the organ reaches adult size despite continued high levels of circulating androgen. Previous studies ha91309523 Cloning of a human homeobox gene that resembles a diverged Drosophila homeobox gene and is expressed in activated lymphocytes. Deguchi Y; Moroney JF; Wilson GL; Fox CH; Winter HS; Kehrl JH New Biol 3: 353-63 (1991) A new homeobox gene, HB24, has been isolated from a human B-lymphocyte cDNA library. Northern blot analysis of polyadenylated RNA purified from activated human B cells revealed a single mRNA transcrip91291757 Negative regulation of the BZLF1 promoter of Epstein-Barr virus. Montalvo EA; Shi Y; Shenk TE; Levine AJ J Virol 65: 3647-55 (1991) The Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 gene product (ZEBRA) is a transcriptional activator whose expression in latently infected B cells is sufficient to induce the viral lytic cycle. Since there is no transcri91251217 Human transcription factor IIIC binds to its cognate promoter sequences in a metal coordinated fashion. Waldschmidt R; Schneider HR; Seifart KH Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1455-9 (1991) Transcription factor IIIC from human cells (hTFIIIC) contains a 55 kDa polypeptide which specifically binds to the promoter of the VAI and 5S gene. This interaction can be abolished by depleting dival91227135 Impairment of mitochondrial transcription termination by a point mutation associated with the MELAS subgroup of mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. Hess JF; Parisi MA; Bennett JL; Clayton DA Nature 351: 236-9 (1991) Defects in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are associated with several different human diseases, including the mitochondrial encephalomyopathies. The mutations include deletions but also duplications and po91251902 Oxygen regulated gene expression in Escherichia coli: control of anaerobic respiration by the FNR protein. Unden G; Trageser M Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 59: 65-76 (1991) Molecular oxygen is an important regulatory signal in facultative anaerobic bacteria and controls the expression of a great variety of genes positively or negatively. The expression of anaerobic respi91307292 Conservation of binding sites for regulatory factors in the coordinately expressed alpha 1 (I) and alpha 2 (I) collagen promoters. Karsenty G; de Crombrugghe B Biochem Biophys Res Commun 177: 538-44 (1991) To examine possible mechanisms for the coordinate control of the alpha 1 (I) and alpha 2 (I) collagen genes, we have searched for DNA binding factors that are common to both genes. We have recently id91254329 The macrophage-colony stimulating factor gene is a growth factor-inducible immediate early gene in fibroblasts. Ryseck RP; Macdonald-Bravo H; Bravo R New Biol 3: 151-7 (1991) Polypeptide growth factors rapidly induce the expression of a group of genes during the onset of cell proliferation. We report that one of these genes, which is induced by several mitogens in NIH 3T3 91291745 FTZ-F1, a steroid hormone receptor-like protein implicated in the activation of fushi tarazu. Lavorgna G; Ueda H; Clos J; Wu C Science 252: 848-51 (1991) The Drosophila homeobox segmentation gene fushi tarazu (ftz) is expressed in a seven-stripe pattern during early embryogenesis. This characteristic pattern is largely specified by the zebra element lo91227912 A novel target cell for c-fos-induced oncogenesis: development of chondrogenic tumours in embryonic stem cell chimeras. Wang ZQ; Grigoriadis AE; Mohle-Steinlein U; Wagner EF EMBO J 10: 2437-50 (1991) Embryonic stem (ES) cells were used to investigate the target cell specificity and consequences of c-fos when expressed ectopically during embryonic development. Chimeric mice generated with different91330866 Zygotic genes that mediate torso receptor tyrosine kinase functions in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. Strecker TR; Yip ML; Lipshitz HD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 5824-8 (1991) The developmental signal that specifies the fates of cells at the anterior and posterior termini of the Drosophila embryo is transmitted by the torso receptor tyrosine kinase. This paper presents the 91288555 Three neighboring genes interact with the Broad-Complex and the Stubble-stubbloid locus to affect imaginal disc morphogenesis in Drosophila. Gotwals PJ; Fristrom JW Genetics 127: 747-59 (1991) The Broad-Complex (BR-C) is a complex regulatory locus at 2B-5 on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. The wild-type BR-C products are apparent transcription factors necessary for imaginal dis91231169 Differences in "primary response" gene expression in renal compensatory hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Kujubu DA Am J Kidney Dis 17: 641-3 (1991) The induction of a family of primary response genes (ie, genes whose transcription is not dependent on new protein synthesis) occurs within minutes after stimulation of quiescent 3T3 cells by phorbol 91253601 Expression of a novel immediate early gene during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced macrophagic differentiation of HL-60 cells. Shimizu N; Ohta M; Fujiwara C; Sagara J; Mochizuki N; Oda T; Utiyama H J Biol Chem 266: 12157-61 (1991) Human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, undergoes macrophagic differentiation when it is stimulated with TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate). We have cloned ETR101 cDNA whose mRNA was in91286224 A molecular biological approach to the regulation of oligodendrocyte differentiation. Pott U; Schaeren-Wiemers N; Schaefer C; Schwab ME Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr 142: 123-6 (1991) 91252824 Influence of a mutation in the putative nucleotide binding site of the nitrogen regulatory protein NTRC on its positive control function. Austin S; Kundrot C; Dixon R Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2281-7 (1991) A mutation, serine 170 to alanine, in the proposed ATP binding site of the activator protein NTRC prevents transcriptional activation at sigma 54-dependent promoters both in vivo and in vitro. The rat91252264 Function of the homeodomain protein GHF1 in pituitary cell proliferation. Castrillo JL; Theill LE; Karin M Science 253: 197-9 (1991) Mutations that cause pituitary dwarfism in the mouse reside in the gene encoding the transcription factor growth hormone factor 1 (GHF1 or pit1). These dwarf mice (dw and dwJ) are deficient in growth 91305941 Delineation of human papillomavirus type 18 enhancer binding proteins: the intracellular distribution of a novel octamer binding protein p92 is cell cycle regulated. Royer HD; Freyaldenhoven MP; Napierski I; Spitkovsky DD; Bauknecht T; Dathan N Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2363-71 (1991) The enhancer of human papillomavirus type 18 consists of two functionally redundant domains, one is partially conserved between HPV18 and HPV16, both mediate strong transcriptional enhancement. In con91252277 Identification by computer sequence analysis of transcriptional regulator proteins in Dictyostelium discoideum and Serratia marcescens. Grandori R; Sander C Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2359-62 (1991) We have performed computer searches in the database of known protein sequences for proteins similar in sequence to bacteriophage regulatory proteins of known 3-D structure. The searches are more selec91252276 Identification of the sequences recognized by phage phi 29 transcriptional activator: possible interaction between the activator and the RNA polymerase. Nuez B; Rojo F; Barthelemy I; Salas M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2337-42 (1991) Expression of Bacillus subtilis phage phi 29 late genes requires the transcriptional activator protein p4. This activator binds to a region of the late A3 promoter spanning nucleotides -56 to -102 rel91252273 Relative contributions of MCM1 and STE12 to transcriptional activation of a- and alpha-specific genes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hwang-Shum JJ; Hagen DC; Jarvis EE; Westby CA; Sprague GF Jr Mol Gen Genet 227: 197-204 (1991) We have examined the relative contributions of MCM1 and STE12 to the transcription of the a-specific STE2 gene by using a 367 bp fragment from the STE2 5'-noncoding region to drive expression of a rep91287697 Role of alpha-transinducing factor (VP16) in the induction of alpha genes within the context of viral genomes. Spector D; Purves F; Roizman B J Virol 65: 3504-13 (1991) In herpes simplex virus 1, the five alpha genes are induced by alpha-transinducing factor (alpha TIF; VP16), a virion protein, acting in concert with Oct-1 and other cellular proteins on a cis-acting 91251199 Differential transcription inducibility by interferon of the HLA-A3 and HLA-B7 class-I genes. Hakem R; Jezo-Bremond A; Le Bouteiller P; Harper K; Lemonnier FA Int J Cancer Suppl 6: 2-9 (1991) HLA-A3 and HLA-B7 class-I genes are differentially regulated in human T lymphoma Jurkat cells, at the transcriptional level, the expression of the HLA-B7 gene being selectively increased following alp91293910 Regulatory factor-X binding to mutant HLA-DRA promoter sequences. Hasegawa SL; Sloan JH; Reith W; Mach B; Boss JM Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1243-9 (1991) The class II genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) encode a family of cell surface glycoproteins that present processed antigen to the T cell receptor. Class II genes are regulated coord91232904 Regulatory elements near the Drosophila hsp 22 gene required for ecdysterone and heat shock induction. Rudolph K; Morganelli C; Berger EM Dev Genet 12: 212-8 (1991) A transient expression assay was used to localize cis-acting DNA regulatory elements near the Drosophila heat shock protein (hsp) 22 gene, that are involved in heat shock expression and in ecdysterone91330450 [Cellular responses by cytokines--gene regulation in the IFN system] Taniguchi T Rinsho Ketsueki 32: 301-6 (1991) Interferon (IFNs), as a class of antiviral cytokines, are also known as "negative growth regulators," they inhibit the growth of a variety of normal and malignant cells. Normally, Type I IFNs (i.e. IF91295282 The carboxyterminal zinc fingers of TFIIIA interact with the tip of helix V of 5S RNA in the 7S ribonucleoprotein particle. Sands MS; Bogenhagen DF Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1791-6 (1991) Immature Xenopus laevis oocytes contain large quantities of a 7S ribonucleoprotein particle containing transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) and 5S RNA in a 1:1 molar ratio. We have reconstituted RNPs co91232944 POU-domain proteins Pit-1 and Oct-1 interact to form a heteromeric complex and can cooperate to induce expression of the prolactin promoter. Voss JW; Wilson L; Rosenfeld MG Genes Dev 5: 1309-20 (1991) Two members of the POU-domain family of transcriptional activators, Pit-1 and Oct-1, are coexpressed in cells of the anterior pituitary gland. We demonstrate that the pituitary-specific developmental 91293590 Interactions of retrotransposons with the host genome: the case of the gypsy element of Drosophila. Corces VG; Geyer PK Trends Genet 7: 86-90 (1991) Insertion of the gypsy retrotransposon into various Drosophila genes results in mutant phenotypes that can be altered by second site mutations in a variety of modifier loci. One of these loci is the s91233538 Alternative splicing of fosB transcripts results in differentially expressed mRNAs encoding functionally antagonistic proteins. Mumberg D; Lucibello FC; Schuermann M; Muller R Genes Dev 5: 1212-23 (1991) We show that serum-stimulated fibroblasts transiently express two different forms of fosB mRNA, which are generated by alternative splicing of the transcript from a single gene. In addition to the kno91293582 v-Src activates both protein kinase C-dependent and independent signaling pathways in murine fibroblasts. Qureshi SA; Joseph CK; Rim M; Maroney A; Foster DA Oncogene 6: 995-9 (1991) Activating the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of v-Src rapidly induced expression of the two 'primary response' genes, TIS10 and Egr-1, in Balb/c 3T3 cells. Depleting cells of protein kinase C (PKC)91296405 Hyperexpression of interferon-gamma-induced MHC class II genes associated with reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Ulevitch RJ; Kline L; Schreiber RD; Pingel J; Amaldi I; Reith W; Mach B Am J Pathol 139: 287-96 (1991) Class I and class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene products are key recognition units in the induction and regulation of the immune response. Expression of class I and class II may be co91328299 Life and times of E. coli and its friends: small science at the cutting edge. Molecular genetics of bacteria and phages sponsored by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA August 2Gussin GN New Biol 3: 42-6 (1991) 91248822 Catabolite repression by galactose in overexpressed GAL4 strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lodi T; Donnini C; Ferrero I J Gen Microbiol 137 ( Pt 5): 1039-44 (1991) Catabolite repression by galactose was investigated in several strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown on different carbon sources. Galactose repressed as much as glucose; raffinose was less effecti91324845 Regulation of gene expression. Evan G Br Med Bull 47: 116-35 (1991) A fundamental tenet of biology is that the phenotype of an organism is ultimately determined by its complement of genes. In multicellular organisms, it is the regulated pattern of expression of genes 91322636 Subcellular localization and immunological detection of proteins encoded by the vir locus of Bordetella pertussis. Stibitz S; Yang MS J Bacteriol 173: 4288-96 (1991) The DNA sequence of the central regulatory locus vir of Bordetella pertussis predicts that three gene products, BvgA, BvgB, and BvgC, are encoded. Features of the predicted primary structures of these91294170 DBP, a liver-enriched transcription activator, is expressed late in ontogeny and its tissue specificity is determined posttranscriptionally. Cell 65: 915 (1991) 91249397 Characterization and sequence of the Escherichia coli stress-induced psp operon. Brissette JL; Weiner L; Ripmaster TL; Model P J Mol Biol 220: 35-48 (1991) We describe a new Escherichia coli operon, the phage shock protein (psp) operon, which is induced in response to heat, ethanol, osmotic shock and infection by filamentous bacteriophages. The operon in91295203 Reciprocal expression of NF-IL6 and C/EBP in hepatocytes: possible involvement of NF-IL6 in acute phase protein gene expression. Isshiki H; Akira S; Sugita T; Nishio Y; Hashimoto S; Pawlowski T; Suematsu S; Kishimoto T New Biol 3: 63-70 (1991) The initial phase of inflammation is accompanied by dramatic changes in the concentrations of certain plasma proteins. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an important inducer of these acute phase proteins at the91248826 Dimer-to-tetramer assembly of Lac repressor involves a leucine heptad repeat. Alberti S; Oehler S; von Wilcken-Bergmann B; Kramer H; Muller-Hill B New Biol 3: 57-62 (1991) The C-terminus of Lac repressor is responsible for the formation of repressor tetramers from active dimers. If properly grafted, the C-terminus of Lac repressor (amino acids 331 to 360) converts Gal r91248825 Sequence-specific single-strand DNA-binding proteins that interact with the regulatory regions of wheat histone H3 and H4 genes. Takase H; Minami M; Iwabuchi M Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176: 1593-600 (1991) We identified two novel DNA-binding proteins, ssDBP-1 and ssDBP-2, in wheat germ nuclear extract that interact with the proximal sequences of the promoter regions of the wheat histone H3 and H4 genes.91248261 Expression of regulatory nif genes in Rhodobacter capsulatus. Hubner P; Willison JC; Vignais PM; Bickle TA J Bacteriol 173: 2993-9 (1991) Translational fusions of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene to Rhodobacter capsulatus nif genes were constructed in order to determine the regulatory circuit of nif gene expression in R. capsulatus, a fre91210192 Avian osteoclasts as estrogen target cells. Oursler MJ; Osdoby P; Pyfferoen J; Riggs BL; Spelsberg TC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6613-7 (1991) Although in vivo effects of 17 beta-estradiol (estrogen) on bone turnover have been shown to occur mainly through influences on osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, the mechanism by which estrogen red91319735 Nucleotide preferences in sequence-specific recognition of DNA by c-myb protein. Howe KM; Watson RJ Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3913-9 (1991) Using a binding site selection procedure, we have found that sequence-specific DNA-binding by the mouse c-myb protein involves recognition of nucleotides outside of the previously identified hexanucle91319551 Striking homology of the 'variable' N-terminal as well as the 'conserved core' domains of the mouse and human TATA-factors (TFIID). Tamura T; Sumita K; Fujino I; Aoyama A; Horikoshi M; Hoffmann A; Roeder RG; Muramatsu M; Mikoshiba K Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3861-5 (1991) A complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding a mouse TFIID (mIID) was isolated from mouse brain cDNA libraries. The 316 amino acid sequence deduced from cDNA sequences revealed the presence of an amino-termina91319543 Homology of the ligand-binding regions of Rhizobium symbiotic regulatory protein NodD and vertebrate nuclear receptors. Gyorgypal Z; Kondorosi A Mol Gen Genet 226: 337-40 (1991) The signal specificity and structure of sensor-activator proteins from different species (NodD of Rhizobium bacteria and vertebrate nuclear receptors) were compared. Several compounds (including flavo91238715 Localization of the zinc finger DNA-binding protein HIV-EP1/MBP-1/PRDII-BF1 to human chromosome 6p22.3-p24. Gaynor RB; Muchardt C; Diep A; Mohandas TK; Sparkes RS; Lusis AJ Genomics 9: 758-61 (1991) A variety of cellular proteins have been found to bind to related DNA sequences in the enhancer elements of the human immunodeficiency virus, the kappa immunoglobulin gene, the class I major histocomp91244321 GATA-1 transactivates erythropoietin receptor gene, and erythropoietin receptor-mediated signals enhance GATA-1 gene expression. Chiba T; Ikawa Y; Todokoro K Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3843-8 (1991) Erythropoietin is a cytokine which specifically regulates the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. The expression of erythropoietin receptor on the cell membrane of the pro91319540 Apolipoprotein B upstream suppressor site: identification of an element which can decrease apolipoprotein B transcription. Ross RS; Li AC; Hoeg JM; Schumacher UK; Demosky SJ Jr; Brewer HB Jr Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176: 1116-22 (1991) Elevated plasma levels of apolipoprotein B (apoB) may predispose to development of premature coronary atherosclerosis. We have identified the first well localized domain of the apoB gene which can eff91248191 T antigens' role in polyomavirus transformation: c-myc but not c-fos or c-jun expression is a target for middle T. Rameh LE; Armelin MC Oncogene 6: 1049-56 (1991) Polyoma virus (Py) causes neoplastic transformation in vitro and multiple tumors in vivo. The role played by large and middle T antigens (LT, MT) and their mechanisms of action are focused here. Py-tr91296383 In vitro DNA binding activity of Fos/Jun and BZLF1 but not C/EBP is affected by redox changes. Bannister AJ; Cook A; Kouzarides T Oncogene 6: 1243-50 (1991) The leucine zipper family of proteins have a DNA binding domain composed of a leucine zipper dimerisation interface and a basic DNA binding structure. We show here that redox changes affect the in vit91319406 The rhombotin family of cysteine-rich LIM-domain oncogenes: distinct members are involved in T-cell translocations to human chromosomes 11p15 and 11p13. Boehm T; Foroni L; Kaneko Y; Perutz MF; Rabbitts TH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4367-71 (1991) A chromosomal translocation in a T-cell leukemia involving the short arm of human chromosome 11 at band 11p15 disrupts the rhombotin gene. This gene encodes a protein with duplicated cysteine-rich reg91239569 Alteration in L-type pyruvate kinase gene expression is not associated with the LF-B1 mRNA level. Imai E; Noguchi T; Takenaka M; Yamada K; Matsuda T; Monaci P; Nicosia A; Tanaka T Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176: 1074-8 (1991) The relation of expression of the LF-B1 gene with the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) mRNA level in rat liver and hepatoma cells was investigated. The L-PK mRNA level in rat liver changed after partial 91248184 Two related helix-loop-helix proteins participate in separate cell-specific complexes that bind the insulin enhancer. German MS; Blanar MA; Nelson C; Moss LG; Rutter WJ Mol Endocrinol 5: 292-9 (1991) Cell-specific expression of the insulin gene is dependent on a conserved 8-basepair sequence, GCCATCTG, present in two copies in the 5' flanking DNA of the rat insulin 1 gene (Nir and Far elements). A91246228 Characterisation of functional inhibition of the glucocorticoid receptor by Fos/Jun. Touray M; Ryan F; Jaggi R; Martin F Oncogene 6: 1227-34 (1991) We have studied the effects of Fos and Fos/Jun on glucocorticoid induction of hormone-sensitive gene expression. In NIH3T3 cells overexpression of Fos or Fos/Jun by transfection of pSV2-fos and pSV2-j91319404 Molecular characterization of the nisin resistance region of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis DRC3. Froseth BR; McKay LL Appl Environ Microbiol 57: 804-11 (1991) The nisin resistance determinant of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis DRC3 was localized onto a 1.3-kb EcoRI-NdeI fragment by subcloning and interrupting the NdeI site by cloning r91247826 c-fos and c-jun are induced by muscarinic receptor activation of protein kinase C but are differentially regulated by intracellular calcium. Trejo J; Brown JH J Biol Chem 266: 7876-82 (1991) It has become increasingly clear that agents classically thought to act as neurotransmitters can also alter gene expression. To understand the early events by which neurotransmitters could effect gene91210315 Transcription factor OTF-1 interacts with two distinct DNA elements in the A gamma-globin gene promoter. Ponce E; Lloyd JA; Pierani A; Roeder RG; Lingrel JB Biochemistry 30: 2961-7 (1991) A DNA region (site II) in the promoter of the human A gamma-globin gene (-182 to -168) is involved in transcriptional regulation. At least two nuclear proteins bind to this region: the erythroid-speci91175744 FMS (CSF-1 receptor) and CSF-1 transcripts and protein are expressed by human breast carcinomas in vivo and in vitro. Kacinski BM; Scata KA; Carter D; Yee LD; Sapi E; King BL; Chambers SK; Jones MA; Pirro MH; Stanley ER; et al Oncogene 6: 941-52 (1991) The expression in vivo of FMS transcripts and antigen by neoplastic epithelial cells was demonstrated immunohistochemically or by in situ hybridization in sixteen of seventeen human breast carcinoma s91296399 Developmental regulation of the alpha-mannosidase gene in Dictyostelium discoideum: control is at the level of transcription and is affected by cell density. Schatzle J; Rathi A; Clarke M; Cardelli JA Mol Cell Biol 11: 3339-47 (1991) In Dictyostelium discoideum, there is a group of genes that are expressed following starvation and when exponentially growing cells reach high densities. We have examined the expression of one of thes91246203 An inducible cytoplasmic factor (AU-B) binds selectively to AUUUA multimers in the 3' untranslated region of lymphokine mRNA. Bohjanen PR; Petryniak B; June CH; Thompson CB; Lindsten T Mol Cell Biol 11: 3288-95 (1991) Considerable evidence suggests that the metabolism of lymphokine mRNAs can be selectively regulated within the cytoplasm. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) that cells use to discriminate91246197 Complex formation by positive and negative translational regulators of GCN4. Cigan AM; Foiani M; Hannig EM; Hinnebusch AG Mol Cell Biol 11: 3217-28 (1991) GCN4 is a transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae whose expression is regulated by amino-acid availability at the translational level. GCD1 and GCD2 are 91246190 The half-lives of platelet-derived growth factor A- and B-chain mRNAs are similar in endothelial cells and unaffected by heparin-binding growth factor-1 or cycloheximide. Gay CG; Winkles JA J Cell Physiol 147: 121-7 (1991) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is mitogenic and chemotactic for vascular smooth muscle cells cultured in vitro, and, thus, may play a role in the smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration 91244877 A cell cycle-responsive transcriptional control element and a negative control element in the gene encoding DNA polymerase alpha in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Gordon CB; Campbell JL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6058-62 (1991) Transcription of the POL1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which encodes DNA polymerase alpha, the DNA polymerase required for the initiation of DNA replication, has previously been shown to be cell 91296760 Isolation and characterization of the rat chromosomal gene for a polypeptide (pS1) antigenically related to statin. Ann DK; Moutsatsos IK; Nakamura T; Lin HH; Mao PL; Lee MJ; Chin S; Liem RK; Wang E J Biol Chem 266: 10429-37 (1991) Increasing evidence shows the existence of nonproliferation-specific gene(s) whose expression is mostly present in growth-arrested cells. One member of this gene family has been identified by previous91244818 A fibroblast-specific factor binds to an upstream negative control element in the promoter of the mouse alpha 1(I) collagen gene. Ravazzolo R; Karsenty G; de Crombrugghe B J Biol Chem 266: 7382-7 (1991) We have identified, in nuclear extracts of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, a factor which binds a sequence between -339 and -361 in the mouse alpha 1(I) collagen promoter. A 3-base pair substitution mutation int91210242 Segregation of atrial-specific and inducible expression of an atrial natriuretic factor transgene in an in vivo murine model of cardiac hypertrophy. Rockman HA; Ross RS; Harris AN; Knowlton KU; Steinhelper ME; Field LJ; Ross J Jr; Chien KR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 8277-81 (1991) To study the mechanisms that activate expression of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene during pressure-induced hypertrophy, we have developed and characterized an in vivo murine model of myocard91376126 A copper-thiolate polynuclear cluster in the ACE1 transcription factor. Dameron CT; Winge DR; George GN; Sansone M; Hu S; Hamer D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6127-31 (1991) ACE1 is the transcriptional activator of the metallothionein (CUP1 locus) gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previous data had implicated the N-terminal domain of ACE1 as responsible for the Cu-depende91296774 New role found for a common protein "motif" [news; comment] Hoffman M Science 253: 742 (1991) 91343906 Cloning and characterization of the rat complementary deoxyribonucleic acid and gene encoding the neuroendocrine peptide 7B2. Waldbieser GC; Aimi J; Dixon JE Endocrinology 128: 3228-36 (1991) A 7B2 cDNA clone was isolated from a rat insulinoma cDNA library. The 1.1-kilobase (kb) cDNA insert contained 1 open reading frame of 630 nucleotides which encoded a 210-amino acid sequence. The deduc91243670 Characterization of tissue-specific enhancer elements in the second intron of the human apolipoprotein B gene. Brooks AR; Blackhart BD; Haubold K; Levy-Wilson B J Biol Chem 266: 7848-59 (1991) We report the identification and characterization of tissue-specific transcriptional enhancer elements that influence the expression of the human apolipoprotein B gene. A 704-base pair PstI fragment c91210311 Two MalT binding sites in direct repeat. A structural motif involved in the activation of all the promoters of the maltose regulons in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vidal-Ingigliardi D; Richet E; Raibaud O J Mol Biol 218: 323-34 (1991) The maltose regulons of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae are very similar, comprising three operons that code for the proteins required for the utilization of maltodextrins as a carbon sourc91186397 Spontaneous cleavage of RNA in ternary complexes of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and its significance for the mechanism of transcription. Surratt CK; Milan SC; Chamberlin MJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7983-7 (1991) Ternary complexes of RNA polymerase, bearing the nascent RNA transcript, are intermediates in the synthesis of all RNAs and are regulatory targets of factors that control RNA chain elongation and term91376070 Modeling conformational change in macromolecules as an elastic deformation. Andrews LC; Harrison RW Proteins 10: 162-70 (1991) Macromolecules are elastic bodies. Atomic structures are available for nucleic acids and proteins in two or more different conformations. It is a common practice to compare two structures by finding t91376040 Differential ability of proximal and remote element pairs to cooperate in activating RNA polymerase II transcription. Wang WD; Gralla JD Mol Cell Biol 11: 4561-71 (1991) To investigate the synergism or cooperative interaction between transcription elements, we have designed and constructed a series of synthetic polymerase II promoters with different combinations of el91342659 Cell-type specific activity of two glucocorticoid responsive units of rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene is associated with multiple binding sites for C/EBP and a novel liver-specific nuclear factor. Grange T; Roux J; Rigaud G; Pictet R Nucleic Acids Res 19: 131-9 (1991) The structures of two remote glucocorticoid responsive units (GRUs) that cooperatively interact to promote cell-type specific glucocorticoid induction of rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene expression 91187609 [The c-fos proto-oncogene promotor is not regulated by serum, epidermal growth factor, and phorbol ester in embryonal fibroblasts transformed by E1Aad5+cHa-ras-oncogenes] Pospelova TV; Medvedev AV; Kisliakova TV; Svetlikova SB; Pospelov VA Mol Biol (Mosk) 25: 105-15 (1991) Regulation of c-fos protooncogene activity in rat embryonal fibroblasts (REF), E1Aad5-immortalized REF cells, and E1Aad5 + cHa-ras transformed REF cells has been investigated. The analysis of regulati91375476 Structural and functional analysis of the rcsA gene from Erwinia stewartii. Poetter K; Coplin DL Mol Gen Genet 229: 155-60 (1991) RcsA is a positive regulator of genes for extracellular polysaccharide biosynthesis in the Enterobacteriaceae. The nucleotide sequence of the rcsA gene from Erwinia stewartii was determined and compar91375445 Multiple Oct2 isoforms are generated by alternative splicing. Wirth T; Priess A; Annweiler A; Zwilling S; Oeler B Nucleic Acids Res 19: 43-51 (1991) The interaction of the Oct2 transcription factor with the cognate octamer motif ATGCAAAT is a critical determinant of the lymphoid-specific expression of immunoglobulin genes. Ectopic expression of cl91187647 Silencer binding proteins function on multiple cis-elements in the glutathione transferase P gene. Imagawa M; Osada S; Okuda A; Muramatsu M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 5-10 (1991) The glutathione transferase P (GST-P) gene is specifically expressed during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis of the rat, whereas mRNA of this gene is virtually undetectable in normal liver. We have previ91187648 Molecular characterization of two stamen-specific genes, tap1 and fil1, that are expressed in the wild type, but not in the deficiens mutant of Antirrhinum majus. Nacken WK; Huijser P; Beltran JP; Saedler H; Sommer H Mol Gen Genet 229: 129-36 (1991) Deficiens, a homeotic gene involved in the genetic control of flower development, codes for a putative transcription factor. Upon mutation of the gene, petals are transformed to sepals and stamens to 91375441 TFIIIA induced DNA bending: effect of low ionic strength electrophoresis buffer conditions. Schroth GP; Gottesfeld JM; Bradbury EM Nucleic Acids Res 19: 511-6 (1991) We have used a circular permutation gel shift assay to show that the 5S gene transcription factor, TFIIIA, induces a bend at the internal promoter of the Xenopus oocyte-type 5S gene. The degree of ben91187668 SGP-2 expression as a genetic marker of progressive cellular pathology in experimental hydronephrosis. Connor J; Buttyan R; Olsson CA; D'Agati V; O'Toole K; Sawczuk IS Kidney Int 39: 1098-103 (1991) The onset of hydronephrosis following unilateral ureteral obstruction is associated with the induced expression of RNA and proteins encoded by the SGP-2 gene. SGP-2 expression has been shown to demarc91374959 Sequential assignments of the 1H NMR resonances of Zn(II)2 and 113Cd(II)2 derivatives of the DNA-binding domain of the GAL4 transcription factor reveal a novel structural motif for specific DNA recognPan T; Coleman JE Biochemistry 30: 4212-22 (1991) The DNA-binding domain of the GAL4 transcription factor, consisting of the 62 N-terminal amino acid residues and denoted GAL4(62*), contains a novel Zn(II)2Cys6 or Cd(II)2Cys6 binuclear cluster [Pan, 91214955 Autoregulation of glucocorticoid receptor gene expression. Burnstein KL; Bellingham DL; Jewell CM; Powell-Oliver FE; Cidlowski JA Steroids 56: 52-8 (1991) Glucocorticoid receptors are members of a highly conserved family of steroid receptor proteins, which are ligand-dependent transcription factors. Previous studies have shown that the presence of funct91213271 A high-frequency RFLP at the human TFE3 locus on the X chromosome. Puck JM; Stewart CC; Henthorn PS Nucleic Acids Res 19: 684 (1991) 91187704 Methimazole regulation of thyroglobulin biosynthesis and gene transcription in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells. Isozaki O; Tsushima T; Emoto N; Saji M; Tsuchiya Y; Demura H; Sato Y; Shizume K; Kimura S; Kohn LD Endocrinology 128: 3113-21 (1991) Methimazole (MMI) increases thyroglobulin (Tg) mRNA levels in FRTL-5 rat thyroid cells. The increase reflects a transcriptional action of the antithyroid agent and is inhibited by cycloheximide, as is91243656 Proteins of the nuclear factor-1 family act as an activator of the late promoter in human polyomavirus BK in vitro. Chakraborty T; Das GC J Gen Virol 72 ( Pt 8): 1935-42 (1991) The cis-acting elements for the early and late promoters, as well as the enhancer in the prototype strains of human polyomavirus BK (BKV) are located within a 500 bp intergenic region. We previously s91341481 An analysis of transcription factor TFIIIA-mediated DNA supercoiling. Sekiguchi JM; Kmiec EB DNA Cell Biol 10: 223-32 (1991) We have analyzed transcription factor-mediated DNA supercoiling catalyzed by the Xenopus oocyte extract (S-150). Under conditions that inhibit endogenous supercoiling activity (2 mM EDTA), the 5S RNA 91190273 ADR1a, a zinc finger peptide, exists in two folded conformations. Xu RX; Horvath SJ; Klevit RE Biochemistry 30: 3365-71 (1991) Two-dimensional NMR (2DNMR) studies of several different zinc finger peptides have yielded a picture of the three-dimensional structure of this small DNA-binding motif. Details of the differences amon91190886 Alternating zinc fingers in the human male associated protein ZFY: 2D NMR structure of an even finger and implications for "jumping-linker" DNA recognition. Kochoyan M; Havel TF; Nguyen DT; Dahl CE; Keutmann HT; Weiss MA Biochemistry 30: 3371-86 (1991) ZFY, a sex-related Zn-finger protein encoded by the human Y chromosome, is distinguished from the general class of Zn-finger proteins by the presence of a two-finger repeat. Whereas odd-numbered domai91190887 Identification of a transactivating function mapping to the putative immediate-early locus of human herpesvirus 6. Martin ME; Nicholas J; Thomson BJ; Newman C; Honess RW J Virol 65: 5381-90 (1991) Sequencing studies have indicated that the unique component of the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) genome and the unique long segment of the human cytomegalovirus genome are genetically colinear. Of parti91374590 Isolation and characterization of the gene encoding the principal sigma factor of the vegetative cell RNA polymerase from the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120. Brahamsha B; Haselkorn R J Bacteriol 173: 2442-50 (1991) The filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 responds to combined nitrogen deprivation by forming specialized nitrogen-fixing cells at regular intervals along the filament. Genetic and 91193199 The regulation of genetic competence in Bacillus subtilis. Dubnau D Mol Microbiol 5: 11-8 (1991) Genetic competence develops as a global response of Bacillus subtilis to the onset of stationary phase, in glucose-minimal salts-based media. The onset of competence is accompanied by the expression o91194540 Prostaglandin E2 stimulates insulin-like growth factor I synthesis in osteoblast-enriched cultures from fetal rat bone. McCarthy TL; Centrella M; Raisz LG; Canalis E Endocrinology 128: 2895-900 (1991) Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) affects both bone resorption and formation, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. PGE2 is known to elevate intracellular cAMP levels in a variety of culture systems. Age91243629 Repression and derepression of conjugation of plasmid R1 by wild-type and mutated finP antisense RNA. Koraimann G; Koraimann C; Koronakis V; Schlager S; Hogenauer G Mol Microbiol 5: 77-87 (1991) The finP gene of plasmid R1 is located between the genes traM and traJ, partially overlapping the first few nucleotides of the latter. It codes for a repressor of the conjugation system. The product o91194561 Novel regulatory properties of the IE1 and IE0 transactivators encoded by the baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. Kovacs GR; Guarino LA; Summers MD J Virol 65: 5281-8 (1991) The baculovirus Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus expresses two immediate-early genes from the HindIII-G region (map units 90.4 to 96.8) of the genome. During the early pha91374578 Human GATA-3: a lineage-restricted transcription factor that regulates the expression of the T cell receptor alpha gene. Ho IC; Vorhees P; Marin N; Oakley BK; Tsai SF; Orkin SH; Leiden JM EMBO J 10: 1187-92 (1991) In addition to its role in the recognition of foreign antigens, the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha gene serves as a model system for studies of developmentally-regulated, lineage-specific gene expression91216113 Structure and promoter activity of the gene for the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. Hannon R; Evans T; Felsenfeld G; Gould H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3004-8 (1991) We have cloned the gene for the chicken erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 (formerly Eryf1, NF-E1, or GF-1). The gene is composed of six exons, two of which encode the two finger domains of the pro91195279 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone regulation of human TSHB expression: role of a pituitary-specific transcription factor (Pit-1/GHF-1) and potential interaction with a thyroid hormone-inhibitory element. Steinfelder HJ; Hauser P; Nakayama Y; Radovick S; McClaskey JH; Taylor T; Weintraub BD; Wondisford FE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3130-4 (1991) Regulation of human thyrotropin beta subunit gene (TSHB) expression by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was examined in a clonal rat pituitary-cell line (GH3). Transient expression studies were don91195306 Production of rat Spot14 protein in Escherichia coli. Planells R; Peyrol N; de Groot LJ; Henry M; Cartouzou G; Torresani J Gene 99: 205-9 (1991) Hormonal, nutritional and developmental factors modulate, in rat lipogenic tissues, the transcription of the mRNA coding for a protein of unknown function, called Spot14 (S14). The corresponding prote91216460 Identification of two forms of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF. O'Mahony DJ; Rothblum LI Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3180-4 (1991) The structure of the rat homologue of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF was investigated. The sequence of the protein was deduced from the sequence of overlapping cDNAs isolated from a cDN91195316 Molecular pathways of pain: Fos/Jun-mediated activation of a noncanonical AP-1 site in the prodynorphin gene. Naranjo JR; Mellstrom B; Achaval M; Sassone-Corsi P Neuron 6: 607-17 (1991) Noxious stimulation provokes the activation of genes that are thought to play a crucial role in the phenomena of stress and pain. Among these is the prodynorphin gene. By double-labeling in situ hybri91197521 Inhibitory effect of 8-chloro-cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate on cell growth of gastric carcinoma cell lines. Takanashi A; Yasui W; Yoshida K; Yokozaki H; Saito D; Abe K; Urakami K; Miki K; Tahara E Jpn J Cancer Res 82: 325-31 (1991) A cAMP analogue, 8-chloro-cAMP (8-Cl-cAMP), selectively binds to site 1 receptor of type II regulatory subunit (RII) of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. The effects of 8-Cl-cAMP on human gastric carcino91216847 Induction of immediate early genes by Ca2+ influx requires cAMP-dependent protein kinase in PC12 cells. Ginty DD; Glowacka D; Bader DS; Hidaka H; Wagner JA J Biol Chem 266: 17454-8 (1991) Agents that activate cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) as well as agents that increase intracellular calcium induce the expression of certain immediate early genes (IEGs). Recently, it has been demo91373368 Interaction of assembly protein AP-2 and its isolated subunits with clathrin. Prasad K; Keen JH Biochemistry 30: 5590-7 (1991) The clathrin assembly protein complex AP-2 is a multimeric subunit complex consisting of two 100-115-kDa subunits known as alpha and beta and 50- and 16-kDa subunits. The subunits have been dissociate91242478 Molecular mechanism of tissue-specific regulation of mouse renin gene expression by cAMP. Identification of an inhibitory protein that binds nuclear transcriptional factor. Horiuchi M; Nakamura N; Tang SS; Barrett G; Dzau VJ J Biol Chem 266: 16247-54 (1991) Renin gene expression in the mouse kidney and submandibular gland (SMG) are differentially regulated by cAMP. In this study, we examined the potential molecular mechanism responsible for this tissue-s91340782 Dimethyl sulfoxide inhibits the expression of early growth-response genes and arrests fibroblasts at quiescence. Srinivas S; Sironmani TA; Shanmugam G Exp Cell Res 196: 279-86 (1991) We have previously shown that dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) at the early hours of mitogenic stimuli resulted in the inhibition of DNA and protein synthesis; del91372306 Sequence-specific binding of the N-terminal three-finger fragment of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA to the internal control region of a 5S RNA gene. Christensen JH; Hansen PK; Lillelund O; Thogersen HC FEBS Lett 281: 181-4 (1991) An N-terminal fragment of Xenopus TFIIIA, containing domains 1-3, (TF 3), was expressed in E. coli. High yields of recombinant zinc finger protein was isolated, and its DNA binding activity for the in91200281 Interference with protein binding at AP2 sites by sequence-specific methylation in the late E2A promoter of adenovirus type 2 DNA. Hermann R; Doerfler W FEBS Lett 281: 191-5 (1991) The in vitro methylation of the +6, +24, and -215 located 5'-CCGG-3' sequences in the late E2A promoter of adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) DNA abrogates promoter function. 5-Methyldeoxycytidine (5-mC) at posi91200284 Spectroscopic characterization of the copper(I)-thiolate cluster in the DNA-binding domain of yeast ACE1 transcription factor. Casas-Finet JR; Hu S; Hamer D; Karpel RL FEBS Lett 281: 205-8 (1991) A polypeptide containing the amino-terminal region of ACE1 (residues 1-122; 122*), the activator of yeast Cu-metallothionein gene transcription, shows charge-transfer and metal-centered UV absorption 91200288 Cell-density dependent expression of the c-myc gene in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Kumatori A; Nakamura T; Ichihara A Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178: 480-5 (1991) During culture of mature rat hepatocytes as monolayers, c-myc mRNA was found to be expressed transiently within 2 h, decreasing rapidly to the basal level at 10 h. Then its level increased again to ov91315470 Specific DNA binding to a major histocompatibility complex enhancer sequence by a synthetic 57-residue double zinc finger peptide from a human enhancer binding protein. Sakaguchi K; Appella E; Omichinski JG; Clore GM; Gronenborn AM J Biol Chem 266: 7306-11 (1991) Two 57-residue peptides containing one pair of "zinc fingers" from a human enhancer binding protein were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis. One peptide (MBP-DF) contained the native sequence, 91201396 Factors affecting the rearrangement efficiency of an Ig test gene. Engler P; Roth P; Kim JY; Storb U J Immunol 146: 2826-35 (1991) A rearrangement test gene, pHRD, containing the mouse IgH enhancer and the metallothionein promoter, has previously been shown to rearrange efficiently after transfection into a pre-B cell line. Exper91201839 Cloning of murine TCF-1, a T cell-specific transcription factor interacting with functional motifs in the CD3-epsilon and T cell receptor alpha enhancers. Oosterwegel M; van de Wetering M; Dooijes D; Klomp L; Winoto A; Georgopoulos K; Meijlink F; Clevers H J Exp Med 173: 1133-42 (1991) CD3-epsilon gene expression is confined to the T cell lineage. We have recently identified and cloned a human transcription factor, TCF-1, that binds to a functional element in the T lymphocyte-specif91217625 Positive and negative E2-independent regulatory elements in the long control region of bovine papillomavirus type 4. Jackson ME; Campo MS J Gen Virol 72 ( Pt 4): 877-83 (1991) The long control region (LCR) of bovine papilloma-virus type 4 demonstrated enhancer activity when cloned upstream of a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene under thymidine kinase91202124 Differential regulation of protooncogenes c-jun and jun D expressions by protein tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, and cyclic-AMP mitogenic pathways in dog primary thyrocytes: TSH and cyclic-AMP induReuse S; Pirson I; Dumont JE Exp Cell Res 196: 210-5 (1991) The expressions of the protooncogenes c-jun and jun D have been investigated in dog thyrocytes in a primary culture whose proliferation is stimulated by three distinct intracellular signaling pathways91372297 Cyclin A and the retinoblastoma gene product complex with a common transcription factor. Bandara LR; Adamczewski JP; Hunt T; La Thangue NB Nature 352: 249-51 (1991) The retinoblastoma gene (Rb) product is a negative regulator of cellular proliferation, an effect that could be mediated in part at the transcriptional level through its ability to complex with the se91312449 Pathways of activation of the Epstein-Barr virus productive cycle. Sinclair AJ; Brimmell M; Shanahan F; Farrell PJ J Virol 65: 2237-44 (1991) The promoter for the 2.8-kb RNA of Epstein-Barr virus encoding BZLF1 and BRLF1 was identified and shown to be activated by both BZLF1 and BRLF1 but not by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. Site-di91202560 Discordant expression of the immediate-early 1 and 2 gene regions of human cytomegalovirus at early times after infection involves posttranscriptional processing events. Stamminger T; Puchtler E; Fleckenstein B J Virol 65: 2273-82 (1991) Expression of the immediate-early 1 and 2 (IE-1 and IE-2) gene region of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) was studied during initial phases of the replicative cycle. Accumulation of RNA from IE-1 and -2 w91202564 Patterns of Evi-1 expression in embryonic and adult tissues suggest that Evi-1 plays an important regulatory role in mouse development. Perkins AS; Mercer JA; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG Development 111: 479-87 (1991) Evi-1 is a putative protooncogene first identified as a common site of retroviral integration in murine myeloid leukemias. It encodes a 145 x 10(3) Mr nuclear DNA-binding protein that contains ten zin91372145 Cloning of the GATA-binding protein that regulates endothelin-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. Lee ME; Temizer DH; Clifford JA; Quertermous T J Biol Chem 266: 16188-92 (1991) Previously, we have identified two regions (A and B) of the endothelin-1 promoter that are important for the expression of this gene in cultured vascular endothelial cells. The cis-acting sequence in 91340773 Interaction of AbrB, a transcriptional regulator from Bacillus subtilis with the promoters of the transition state-activated genes tycA and spoVG. Furbass R; Gocht M; Zuber P; Marahiel MA Mol Gen Genet 225: 347-54 (1991) In Bacillus subtilis the abrB gene product negatively affects the transcription of some genes activated during the transition from vegetative to stationary phase of growth. Interaction of AbrB with th91203807 Gene product dsbA of bacteriophage T4 binds to late promoters and enhances late transcription. Gansz A; Kruse U; Ruger W Mol Gen Genet 225: 427-34 (1991) Gene product 33 of phage T4 is known to be essential in late transcription. Upstream from gene 33 and overlapping its 5' terminal sequence by 20 bp, we identified an open reading frame coding for a bi91203817 Expression of different Jun and Fos proteins during the G0-to-G1 transition in mouse fibroblasts: in vitro and in vivo associations. Kovary K; Bravo R Mol Cell Biol 11: 2451-9 (1991) We have characterized the expression of c-Jun, JunB, JunD, c-Fos, and FosB proteins following serum stimulation of quiescent Swiss 3T3 cells by immunoprecipitation analyses. The synthesis of the three91203864 The effect of aging on constitutive mRNA levels and lipopolysaccharide inducibility of acute phase genes. Post DJ; Carter KC; Papaconstantinou J Ann N Y Acad Sci 621: 66-77 (1991) Eukaryotic organisms possess natural defense processes associated with their response to injury, inflammation and pollutants. One of these, the acute phase (AP) host response, is characterized by a se91315066 Nutritional regulation of apolipoprotein genes: effect of dietary carbohydrates and fatty acids. Ribeiro A; Mangeney M; Cardot P; Loriette C; Chambaz J; Rayssiguier Y; Bereziat G Adv Exp Med Biol 285: 407-16 (1991) The effect of nutritional factors on apolipoprotein gene expression by rat liver were studied. Dietary carbohydrates or fatty acids regulate the expression of apo E gene, by altering either gene trans91314290 Replication of plasmid R6K origin gamma in vitro. Dependence on dual initiator proteins and inhibition by transcription. MacAllister TW; Kelley WL; Miron A; Stenzel TT; Bastia D J Biol Chem 266: 16056-62 (1991) We have developed a more efficient in vitro replication system for the plasmid R6K with the objective of dissecting the mechanism of activation of replication origins at a distance. Using this in vitr91340755 Silencer region of a chalcone synthase promoter contains multiple binding sites for a factor, SBF-1, closely related to GT-1. Lawton MA; Dean SM; Dron M; Kooter JM; Kragh KM; Harrison MJ; Yu L; Tanguay L; Dixon RA; Lamb CJ Plant Mol Biol 16: 235-49 (1991) Bean nuclear extracts were used in gel retardation assays and DNase I footprinting experiments to identify a protein factor, designated SBF-1, that specifically interacts with regulatory sequences in 91370866 Mutational studies reveal a complex set of positive and negative control elements within the chicken vitellogenin II promoter. Seal SN; Davis DL; Burch JB Mol Cell Biol 11: 2704-17 (1991) The endogenous chicken vitellogenin II (VTGII) gene is transcribed exclusively in hepatocytes in response to estrogen. We previously identified two estrogen response elements (EREs) upstream of this g91203891 DNA-induced increase in the alpha-helical content of C/EBP and GCN4. O'Neil KT; Shuman JD; Ampe C; DeGrado WF Biochemistry 30: 9030-4 (1991) Leucine zipper proteins comprise a recently identified class of DNA binding proteins that contain a bipartite structural motif consisting of a "leucine zipper" dimerization domain and a segment rich i91369908 Rapid and preferential activation of the c-jun gene during the mammalian UV response. Devary Y; Gottlieb RA; Lau LF; Karin M Mol Cell Biol 11: 2804-11 (1991) Exposure of mammalian cells to DNA-damaging agents leads to activation of a genetic response known as the UV response. Because several previously identified UV-inducible genes contain AP-1 binding sit91203902 Phosphorylation of transcriptional factors and cell-cycle-dependent proteins by casein kinase II. Meisner H; Czech MP Curr Opin Cell Biol 3: 474-83 (1991) Casein kinase II is involved in the phosphorylation of several proto-oncogenes, anti-oncogenes, and oncogenes that are nuclear transcriptional regulatory factors. The potential functions of the phosph91369644 Signal transduction and gene control. Karin M Curr Opin Cell Biol 3: 467-73 (1991) Extracellular signals regulate gene expression by triggering signal transduction cascades that result in the modulation of transcription factor activity. This is most commonly achieved by changes in t91369643 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) receptor-auxiliary protein (TRAP) binds DNA and forms heterodimers with the T3 receptor. Darling DS; Beebe JS; Burnside J; Winslow ER; Chin WW Mol Endocrinol 5: 73-84 (1991) Nuclear factors enhance binding of T3 receptors (TR) to DNA, suggesting that T3 action may require a multicomponent complex bound to thyroid hormone response elements (TREs). We refer to the 65,000 Da91203932 A simple technique for generating probes for RNA in situ hybridization: an adjunct to genome mapping exemplified by the RAG-1/RAG-2 gene cluster. Boehm T; Gonzalez-Sarmiento R; Kennedy M; Rabbitts TH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3927-31 (1991) Two major problems have to be solved in studies of genes near breakpoints of chromosome abnormalities and in large-scale genomic mapping projects: (i) the identification of genes within the large amou91219485 The gene for the common alpha subunit of porcine pituitary glycoprotein hormone. Kato Y; Ezashi T; Hirai T; Kato T J Mol Endocrinol 7: 27-34 (1991) The gene for the common alpha subunit of the porcine anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones was cloned from a genomic library constructed in EMBL3. The nucleotide sequence of the entire coding seque91369449 Effects of transforming growth factor-beta 1 on growth of aortic smooth muscle cells. Influences of interaction with growth factors, cell state, cell phenotype, and cell cycle. Morisaki N; Kawano M; Koyama N; Koshikawa T; Umemiya K; Saito Y; Yoshida S Atherosclerosis 88: 227-34 (1991) Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 may have different effects on cell proliferation depending on many conditions. This paper clarifies the effects of various conditions on the effect of TGF-beta 91369383 Repression by Jun of the Polyoma-virus enhancer overrides activation in a cell specific manner. Schneikert J; Imler JL; Wasylyk B Nucleic Acids Res 19: 783-7 (1991) The activities of promoters and enhancers are generated by the combinatorial effects of the factors which interact with them. The Polyoma virus (Py) enhancer contains sequences that are positively reg91204430 Xenopus laevis Oct-1 does not bind to certain histone H2B gene promoter octamer motifs for which a novel octamer-binding factor has high affinity. Smith DP; Old RW Nucleic Acids Res 19: 815-21 (1991) Oct-1 and a second, previously unidentified octamer-binding protein (Oct-R) have been identified in extracts of Xenopus laevis oocytes and embryos. Oct-1 does not bind to the octamer motif associated 91204435 Nucleotide sequence of mouse SCIP cDNA, a POU-domain transcription factor. Zimmerman EC; Jones CM; Fet V; Hogan BL; Magnuson MA Nucleic Acids Res 19: 956 (1991) 91204458 Role for the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 in viral promoter switching during initial stages of infection. Woisetschlaeger M; Jin XW; Yandava CN; Furmanski LA; Strominger JL; Speck SH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3942-6 (1991) During latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of human B lymphocytes, six viral nuclear antigen (EBNAs) are expressed from long primary transcripts by means of alternative splicing and alternative 91219488 [Signal transduction via chimeric receptor (Tar-EnvZ, Taz)] Utsumi R; Inoue M Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 36: 160-4 (1991) 91204992 The role of Tat in the human immunodeficiency virus life cycle indicates a primary effect on transcriptional elongation. Feinberg MB; Baltimore D; Frankel AD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4045-9 (1991) The mechanism of Tat transactivation was studied by treating cell lines containing Tat-defective viruses with purified Tat protein. These cell lines constitutively produce very low levels of virus in 91219509 Glutathione transferase pi its minimal promoter and downstream cis-acting element. Xia CL; Cowell IG; Dixon KH; Pemble SE; Ketterer B; Taylor JB Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176: 233-40 (1991) Fragments of the human glutathione S-transferase pi gene and 15 kb of its 5' flanking region have been fused to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) reporter gene. Transfection into a number o91207398 Transport across the nuclear envelope: enigmas and explanations. Dingwall C Bioessays 13: 213-8 (1991) The transport of molecules across the nuclear envelope plays a central role in the metabolism of the cell. Significant advances in three major areas highlight the limits of our current knowledge and p91369359 DNA replication of human polyomavirus JC is stimulated by NF-I in vivo. Sock E; Wegner M; Grummt F Virology 182: 298-308 (1991) Using a combination of Bal31 deletion mutagenesis and site-directed mutagenesis, we analyzed the sequence requirements for the DNA replication of the human neurotropic polyomavirus JC. In addition to 91220663 Animal cell shape changes and gene expression. Ben-Ze'ev A Bioessays 13: 207-12 (1991) Cell shape and cell contacts are determined by transmembrane receptor-mediated associations of the cytoskeleton with specific extracellular matrix proteins and with ligands on the surface of adjacent 91369358 Mucin in disease. Modification of mucin gene expression in airway disease. Jany B; Basbaum CB Am Rev Respir Dis 144: S38-41 (1991) Mucus hypersecretion is a characteristic feature of several human airway diseases, including chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, and asthma. Although its pathogenesis is poorly understood, hypersecre91369062 [General process of aging] Prunieras M Rev Fr Gynecol Obstet 86: 421-3 (1991) Genetic instability is considered to be a fundamental factor in the ageing process. This instability results from the accumulation of damage caused to DNA, and this is demonstrated by the relationship91368127 Elevated levels of c-jun and c-fos transcripts in the aged rat liver. Fujita T; Maruyama N Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178: 1485-91 (1991) Age-associated increases of transcript levels of several genes were studied using aged rat liver. Northern hybridization showed marked increases of c-jun, c-fos, and glutathione S-transferase P (GST-P91337101 trans-activation of the HIV-1 LTR by the HIV-1 Tat and HTLV-I Tax proteins is mediated by different cis-acting sequences. Zimmermann K; Dobrovnik M; Ballaun C; Bevec D; Hauber J; Bohnlein E Virology 182: 874-8 (1991) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gene expression is regulated by viral and cellular factors interacting with cis-elements located in the retroviral long terminal repeat (LTR). In this repor91220742 Lymphocyte activation induces rapid changes in nuclear and cytoplasmic glycoproteins. Kearse KP; Hart GW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 1701-5 (1991) A unique form of nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic protein glycosylation, O-linked GlcNAc, (O-GlcNAc) is present on proteins ranging from those of yeast to man, including many chromatin proteins, transcri91156676 Replication mutants of Staphylococcus aureus macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance plasmid pT48. Catchpole I; Dyke KG Mol Microbiol 5: 959-68 (1991) Copy-number mutants of Staphylococcus aureus macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLS) resistance plasmid pT48 were isolated by their resistance to the non-inducing macrolide, tylosin. One mutant pl91312135 Binding of yeast TFIIIC to tRNA gene bipartite internal promoters: analysis of physical effects on the intervening DNA. Evans CF; Engelke DR Biochem Biophys Res Commun 176: 826-32 (1991) Complexes between transcription factor TFIIIC and eukaryotic tRNA gene internal promoter A and B boxes are unusual in that the binding to the two distinct sites tolerates considerable variation in bot91222255 Frameshifting by eukaryotic ribosomes during expression of Escherichia coli release factor 2. Donly BC; Tate WP Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 244: 207-10 (1991) Normal translation of the gene for E. coli release factor 2 (RF-2) is characterized by a +1 frameshift event that occurs with 30-50% efficiency. Frameshifting on synthetic RF-2 mRNA by eukaryotic ribo91367839 Intersubunit disulfide-bonded lambda-Cro protein. Shirakawa M; Matsuo H; Kyogoku Y Protein Eng 4: 545-52 (1991) Site-directed mutagenesis has been employed to substitute cysteine for valine at position 55, which is located on the dimer interface of the Cro protein of bacteriophage lambda. It has been found that91367805 The solution structure of a leucine-zipper motif peptide. Saudek V; Pastore A; Morelli MA; Frank R; Gausepohl H; Gibson T Protein Eng 4: 519-29 (1991) We report the complete structure determination of a 34 residue synthetic peptide with the amino acid sequence of the dimerization domain (leucine zipper) of GCN4. A high resolution structure in soluti91367802 Alteration of cellular oncogene expression in L1210 cells by a nitrosourea analog of thymidine. Zhang XK; Zucker ML; Huang DP; Lin TS; Prusoff WH; Chiu JF Cancer Commun 3: 119-26 (1991) 3'[3-(2-Chloroethyl)-3'nitrosoureido]-3'-deoxythymidine (3'-CTNU), a chloroethylnitrosourea analog of thymidine, is a potent antineoplastic agent against murine leukemia L1210. In this study, we have 91222797 Negative regulation of transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae catalase T (CTT1) gene by cAMP is mediated by a positive control element. Belazzi T; Wagner A; Wieser R; Schanz M; Adam G; Hartig A; Ruis H EMBO J 10: 585-92 (1991) Transcription of the CTT1 (catalase T) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by oxygen via heme, by nutrients via cAMP and by heat shock. Nitrogen limitation triggers a rapid, cycloheximide-i91160512 An NF-kappa B-like transcription factor mediates IL-1/TNF-alpha induction of gro in human fibroblasts. Anisowicz A; Messineo M; Lee SW; Sager R J Immunol 147: 520-7 (1991) Normal human foreskin fibroblasts were used to examine transcriptional induction by IL-1 and TNF-alpha of the novel cytokine gro (melanoma growth-stimulating activity). Gro mRNA was expressed at level91302798 Repression of the Drosophila fushi tarazu (ftz) segmentation gene. Brown JL; Sonoda S; Ueda H; Scott MP; Wu C EMBO J 10: 665-74 (1991) The striped expression of the Drosophila segmentation gene fushi tarazu in alternate parasegments of the early embryo is controlled by the 740 bp zebra element. Among multiple protein factors that bin91160522 Formation of a thermodynamically metastable structure containing hairpin II is critical for infectivity of potato spindle tuber viroid RNA. Loss P; Schmitz M; Steger G; Riesner D EMBO J 10: 719-27 (1991) The functional relevance of a hairpin II-containing structure of viroid RNA was studied by site-directed mutagenesis, thermodynamic calculations, experimental denaturation curves and infectivity tests91160529 Cloning and structural analysis of cDNA and the gene for mouse transcription factor UBF. Hisatake K; Nishimura T; Maeda Y; Hanada K; Song CZ; Muramatsu M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4631-7 (1991) The gene and protein structure of the mouse UBF (mUBF), a transcription factor for mouse ribosomal RNA gene, have been determined by cDNA and genomic clones. The unique mUBF gene consists of 21 exons 91367658 Identification and functional characterisation of the cellular activating transcription factor 43 (ATF-43) protein. Hurst HC; Totty NF; Jones NC Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4601-9 (1991) The promoter motif CGTCA binds multiple cellular factors that mediate a variety of inducible events, including positive responses to raised cellular levels of cAMP and to the Adenovirus E1a protein. T91367654 Regulation of estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in rat hypothalamus by sex steroid hormones. Simerly RB; Young BJ Mol Endocrinol 5: 424-32 (1991) Sex steroid hormone receptors are thought to mediate the actions of their respective hormones by functioning as ligand-activated nuclear transcription factors that alter the expression of specific set91367187 [Regulation of liver-specific gene expression] Tsutsumi K; Tsutsumi R Seikagaku 63: 428-33 (1991) 91366212 IL-4 antagonizes induction of Fc gamma RIII (CD16) expression by transforming growth factor-beta on human monocytes. Wong HL; Welch GR; Brandes ME; Wahl SM J Immunol 147: 1843-8 (1991) The multifunctional cytokines, transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 and beta 2, have the capability of inducing human peripheral blood monocytes to express the type III receptor for the Fc portion 91366136 Regulation of the F plasmid traY promoter in Escherichia coli by host and plasmid factors. Silverman PM; Wickersham E; Harris R J Mol Biol 218: 119-28 (1991) F plasmid DNA transfer (tra) gene expression in Escherichia coli is regulated by chromosome- and F-encoded gene products. To study the relationship among these regulatory factors, we constructed low-c91162635 The TEA domain: a novel, highly conserved DNA-binding motif [letter] Burglin TR Cell 66: 11-2 (1991) 91300541 Single nucleotide resolution of sterol regulatory region in promoter for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Osborne TF J Biol Chem 266: 13947-51 (1991) Sterol-dependent regulation of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase promoter was previously localized to a 42-base pair region containing an octamer sequence, referred to as t91310681 The regulation by iron of the synthesis of adhesins and cytoadherence levels in the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Lehker MW; Arroyo R; Alderete JF J Exp Med 174: 311-8 (1991) Levels of adherence of Trichomonas vaginalis to epithelial cells was found to be modulated by iron. Cytoadherence values were greater than or equal to twofold higher for trichomonads grown in a comple91311290 Regulation of microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells. Fischer I; Richter-Landsberg C; Safaei R Exp Cell Res 194: 195-201 (1991) In the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF), PC12 cells cease to divide and differentiate, extending long microtubule-containing neurites. We showed by immunoblot analysis that MAP2 was detectable in91224166 NifA of Rhizobium meliloti is degraded by the products of genes lon, snoB and snoC in Escherichia coli [news] Kumar S Indian J Exp Biol 29: 599 (1991) 91365426 Trinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the human transcription factor IID gene. Polymeropoulos MH; Rath DS; Xiao H; Merril CR Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4307 (1991) 91334163 Expression of c-jun, jun-B, and c-fos proto-oncogenes in human primary melanocytes and metastatic melanomas. Yamanishi DT; Buckmeier JA; Meyskens FL Jr J Invest Dermatol 97: 349-53 (1991) Analysis of the regulation of c-jun, jun-B, and c-fos RNA transcript expression was performed in human primary melanocytes and metastatic melanoma cell strains. The medium requirements for human melan91302894 Protein-binding A + T-rich motifs flank the duck beta A-globin enhancer. Cvekl A; Horska K; Vlcek C; Paces V Gene 103: 253-7 (1991) The duck beta A-globin (beta GLB) enhancer DNA was analysed by footprinting for sites of specific binding of proteins extracted from duck erythrocytes. The results were compared with previously determ91365254 Post-transcriptional regulation of methionine content in maize kernels. Cruz-Alvarez M; Kirihara JA; Messing J Mol Gen Genet 225: 331-9 (1991) Message levels for a methionine-rich 10 kDa zein were determined in three inbred lines of maize and their reciprocal crosses at various stages during endosperm development. Inbred line BSSS-53, which 91172134 Glucocorticoids stimulate ornithine decarboxylase gene expression in pancreatic AR42J cells. Rosewicz S; Logsdon CD Gastroenterology 101: 1102-8 (1991) The effects of dexamethasone on ornithine decarboxylase gene expression were examined in rat pancreatic AR42J cells. Dexamethasone increased ornithine decarboxylase activity and messenger RNA (mRNA) c91365177 Individual stripe regulatory elements in the Drosophila hairy promoter respond to maternal, gap, and pair-rule genes. Riddihough G; Ish-Horowicz D Genes Dev 5: 840-54 (1991) Striped expression of the pair-rule gene hairy (h) plays a central role in regulating segmentation in Drosophila. We have used h-lacZ reporter gene fusions to delineate h sequences that drive individu91224493 Na+/H+ antiporter gene expression during monocytic differentiation of HL60 cells. Rao GN; de Roux N; Sardet C; Pouyssegur J; Berk BC J Biol Chem 266: 13485-8 (1991) During differentiation of human promyelocytic HL60 cells into monocytes there are sustained increases in intracellular pH and Na+/H+ antiporter activity. Here we show that increased transcription and 91310608 Role of latency-associated transcript in herpes simplex virus infection. Nsiah YA; Rapp F Intervirology 32: 101-15 (1991) Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-specified RNA transcript has been detected by in situ hybridization and by RNA blot analyses in latently infected peripheral nerve ganglia in experimentally infected mice an91224813 Identification of single-stranded-DNA-binding proteins that interact with muscle gene elements. Santoro IM; Yi TM; Walsh K Mol Cell Biol 11: 1944-53 (1991) A sequence-specific DNA-binding protein from skeletal-muscle extracts that binds to probes of three muscle gene DNA elements is identified. This protein, referred to as muscle factor 3, forms the pred91172180 Uncoupled changes in the expression of the jun family members during myeloid cell differentiation. Mollinedo F; Naranjo JR Eur J Biochem 200: 483-6 (1991) The differentiation into macrophages of the U937 and HL60 human cell lines induced by 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was accompanied by induction of the expression of the proto-oncogenes91364699 Characterization of Hex2 protein, a negative regulatory element necessary for glucose repression in yeast. Niederacher D; Entian KD Eur J Biochem 200: 311-9 (1991) The regulatory HEX2 gene plays an important role in glucose repression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The hex2 mutants have pleiotropic defects in the regulation of glucose-repressible enzymes91364678 Cyclic AMP-independent activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B in HL60 cells by tumor necrosis factors alpha and beta. Hohmann HP; Kolbeck R; Remy R; van Loon AP Mol Cell Biol 11: 2315-8 (1991) No correlation exists in HL60 cells between NF-kappa B activation by tumor necrosis factor (TNF alpha) and TNF beta and intracellular levels of cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP levels did not increase upon trea91172224 c-JUN-like immunoreactivity in the CNS of the adult rat: basal and transynaptically induced expression of an immediate-early gene. Herdegen T; Leah JD; Manisali A; Bravo R; Zimmermann M Neuroscience 41: 643-54 (1991) An immunocytochemical study of dorsal root ganglia, spinal cord and medulla oblongata was performed with antisera against the c-jun proto-oncogene encoded protein. The c-JUN-like immunoreactivity was 91333786 Adrenergic regulation of the skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter during myocardial cell hypertrophy. Bishopric NH; Kedes L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 2132-6 (1991) The skeletal alpha-actin gene is expressed in fetal rat heart and is induced during norepinephrine (NE)-stimulated hypertrophy in cultures of neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Here we report that NE posi91172766 Peyer's patch B cells with memory cell characteristics undergo terminal differentiation within 24 hours in response to interleukin-6. Beagley KW; Eldridge JH; Aicher WK; Mestecky J; Di Fabio S; Kiyono H; McGhee JR Cytokine 3: 107-16 (1991) Culture of Peyer's patch (PP) B cells with interleukin-6 (IL-6) for 7 days results in a six- to eightfold increase in secretion of IgA, while little or no increase in IgM or IgG secretion occurs in th91363793 Max: a helix-loop-helix zipper protein that forms a sequence-specific DNA-binding complex with Myc. Blackwood EM; Eisenman RN Science 251: 1211-7 (1991) The myc protooncogene family has been implicated in cell proliferation, differentiation, and neoplasia, but its mechanism of function at the molecular level is unknown. The carboxyl terminus of Myc fa91173288 Factor-independent activation of Escherichia coli rRNA transcription. I. Kinetic analysis of the roles of the upstream activator region and supercoiling on transcription of the rrnB P1 promoter in vitLeirmo S; Gourse RL J Mol Biol 220: 555-68 (1991) The region from position -154 to position -50 upstream from the start site of transcription of the Escherichia coli rrnB P1 promoter, the upstream activator region (UAR), is required for maximal promo91332891 Structure and expression of the nerve growth factor gene in Xenopus oocytes and embryos. Carriero F; Campioni N; Cardinali B; Pierandrei-Amaldi P Mol Reprod Dev 29: 313-22 (1991) A large part of the coding portion of the Xenopus nerve growth factor (NGF) gene has been identified and cloned by the use of a chicken cDNA probe and its sequence has been determined. Comparison of t91362944 Characterization of poliovirus 2A proteinase by mutational analysis: residues required for autocatalytic activity are essential for induction of cleavage of eukaryotic initiation factor 4F polypeptideHellen CU; Facke M; Krausslich HG; Lee CK; Wimmer E J Virol 65: 4226-31 (1991) The poliovirus proteinase 2A is autocatalytically released from the poliovirus polyprotein by cotranslational cleavage at its own amino terminus, resulting in separation of structural and nonstructura91303676 Expression of the Wilms' tumor gene WT1 in the murine urogenital system. Pelletier J; Schalling M; Buckler AJ; Rogers A; Haber DA; Housman D Genes Dev 5: 1345-56 (1991) The Wilms' tumor gene WT1 is a recessive oncogene that encodes a putative transcription factor implicated in nephrogenesis during kidney development. In this report we analyze expression of WT1 in the91331306 Developmental regulation of lck gene expression in T lymphocytes. Wildin RS; Garvin AM; Pawar S; Lewis DB; Abraham KM; Forbush KA; Ziegler SF; Allen JM; Perlmutter RM J Exp Med 173: 383-93 (1991) In the mouse and human, mRNA transcripts encoding the lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase p56lck are derived from two separate promoters resulting in heterogeneity in the 5' untranslated regio91108336 Multiple simian virus 40 enhancer elements mediate the trans-activating function of the X protein of hepatitis B virus. Luber B; Burgelt E; Fromental C; Kanno M; Koch W Virology 184: 808-13 (1991) Transient transfections of tissue culture cells with plasmids encoding the X protein of hepatitis B virus result in a transcriptional trans-activation of certain target genes. Our experiments reveal t91361579 Mechanism of selective translation of vaccinia virus mRNAs: differential role of poly(A) and initiation factors in the translation of viral and cellular mRNAs. Bablanian R; Goswami SK; Esteban M; Banerjee AK; Merrick WC J Virol 65: 4449-60 (1991) We have recently demonstrated that the poly(A) moieties of short RNAs obtained from both in vitro transcription and from vaccinia virus (VV)-infected cells exhibit dissimilar effects on the in vitro t91303702 Pro-Leu-Ser/Thr-Pro is a consensus primary sequence for substrate protein phosphorylation. Characterization of the phosphorylation of c-myc and c-jun proteins by an epidermal growth factor receptor thAlvarez E; Northwood IC; Gonzalez FA; Latour DA; Seth A; Abate C; Curran T; Davis RJ J Biol Chem 266: 15277-85 (1991) A growth factor-stimulated (MAP2-related) protein kinase, ERT, that phosphorylates the epidermal growth factor receptor at Thr669 has been purified from KB human tumor cells by Northwood and co-worker91332050 Modulation of EGF receptor protooncogene expression by growth factors and hormones in human breast carcinoma cells. Fernandez-Pol JA Crit Rev Oncog 2: 173-85 (1991) In this review I summarize the experimental data in favor of the notion that control of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (R) and/or c-erbB-2 protooncogene expression by specific autocrine growth91308257 Analysis of CpG methylation and genomic footprinting at the tyrosine aminotransferase gene: DNA methylation alone is not sufficient to prevent protein binding in vivo. Weih F; Nitsch D; Reik A; Schutz G; Becker PB EMBO J 10: 2559-67 (1991) Specific DNA sequences from several DNase I hypersensitive sites located upstream of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene are bound by ubiquitous nuclear factors in vitro. Genomic footprinting has91330879 Expression of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase gene in resting and growth-stimulated human lymphocytes. Steen AM; Sahlen S; Lambert B Biochim Biophys Acta 1088: 77-85 (1991) Expression of the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (hprt) gene was studied in resting and growth stimulated human lymphocytes by determinations of hprt-RNA and enzyme activity levels in cell ex91113732 Augmented hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin gene expression with pubertal development in the male rat: evidence for an androgen receptor-independent action. Kerrigan JR; Martha PM Jr; Krieg RJ Jr; Queen TA; Monahan PE; Rogol AD Endocrinology 128: 1029-35 (1991) To investigate the mechanism(s) during pubertal development by which androgens alter hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) gene expression and beta-endorphin content, we used the technique of in sit91114615 Cooperation between structural elements in hormono-regulated transcription from the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. Gouilleux F; Sola B; Couette B; Richard-Foy H Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1563-9 (1991) The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter is under the control of several types of regulatory agents. The proximal promoter within the long terminal repeat (LTR), from -200 to the CAP site and its91227150 Specific DNA binding by c-Myb: evidence for a double helix-turn-helix-related motif. Gabrielsen OS; Sentenac A; Fromageot P Science 253: 1140-3 (1991) The c-Myb protein is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein that activates transcription in hematopoietic cells. Three imperfect repeats (R1, R2, and R3) that contain regularly spaced tryptophan resi91361088 Zinc finger-DNA recognition: crystal structure of a Zif268-DNA complex at 2.1 A. Pavletich NP; Pabo CO Science 252: 809-17 (1991) The zinc finger DNA-binding motif occurs in many proteins that regulate eukaryotic gene expression. The crystal structure of a complex containing the three zinc fingers from Zif268 (a mouse immediate 91227904 Characterization of the FNR protein of Escherichia coli, an iron-binding transcriptional regulator. Green J; Trageser M; Six S; Unden G; Guest JR Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 244: 137-44 (1991) FNR is a transcriptional regulator mediating the activation or repression of a variety of Escherichia coli genes in response to anoxia. The FNR protein resembles CRP (the cyclic-AMP receptor protein) 91360591 HTF4: a new human helix-loop-helix protein. Zhang Y; Babin J; Feldhaus AL; Singh H; Sharp PA; Bina M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4555 (1991) 91360364 The constitutively expressed octamer binding protein OTF-1 and a novel octamer binding protein expressed specifically in cervical cells bind to an octamer-related sequence in the human papillomavirus Dent CL; McIndoe GA; Latchman DS Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4531-5 (1991) A novel octamer binding protein expressed specifically in cervical cells but not in other cell types has been identified. This protein differs in size and sequence specificity from the constitutively 91360357 HBV X protein alters the DNA binding specificity of CREB and ATF-2 by protein-protein interactions. Maguire HF; Hoeffler JP; Siddiqui A Science 252: 842-4 (1991) The hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene product trans-activates viral and cellular genes. The X protein (pX) does not bind independently to nucleic acids. The data presented here demonstrate that pX entere91227910 A role for CDC7 in repression of transcription at the silent mating-type locus HMR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Axelrod A; Rine J Mol Cell Biol 11: 1080-91 (1991) The mating-type genes at MAT in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are expressed, whereas the same genes located at HML and HMR are transcriptionally repressed. The DNA element responsible for repression at HMR91117210 Identification of regulatory sequences and protein-binding sites in the liver-type promoter of a gene encoding 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. Lemaigre FP; Durviaux SM; Rousseau GG Mol Cell Biol 11: 1099-106 (1991) The liver-type and muscle-type isozymes of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase are encoded by one gene that uses two alternative promoters. We have identified cis-acting sequences and91117212 Stringent integrity requirements for both trans-activation and DNA-binding in a trans-activator, Oct3. Imagawa M; Miyamoto A; Shirakawa M; Hamada H; Muramatsu M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4503-8 (1991) POU-specific and POU-homeo domains of Oct3 were produced in Echerichia coli for characterization of DNA binding to the octamer sequence. POU domain protein including A, B and H domains could bind to t91360353 Embryonic RNA expression patterns of the c-kit receptor and its cognate ligand suggest multiple functional roles in mouse development. Keshet E; Lyman SD; Williams DE; Anderson DM; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG; Parada LF EMBO J 10: 2425-35 (1991) Mutations at the dominant white spotting (W) and Steel (Sl) loci in mouse exert deleterious effects on three migratory cell lineages (primordial germ cells, melanocytes and hematopoietic stem cells) r91330865 Molecular characterization of the soxRS genes of Escherichia coli: two genes control a superoxide stress regulon. Amabile-Cuevas CF; Demple B Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4479-84 (1991) The soxR locus of Escherichia coli K12 mediates transcriptional activation of a complex oxidative stress regulon in response to superoxide-generating (redox-cycling) agents. We have cloned the soxR lo91360349 Mutagenesis of the DNA contact site in Fos protein: compatibility with the scissors grip model and requirement for transformation. Neuberg M; Schuermann M; Muller R Oncogene 6: 1325-33 (1991) To elucidate the mechanisms involved in the transformation by fos we have initiated a study pertaining to the identification of molecular functions of Fos protein that are crucial for transformation. 91360263 Cis-acting elements in the pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase gene from maize. Matsuoka M; Numazawa T Mol Gen Genet 228: 143-52 (1991) To investigate the mechanisms that control expression of the gene for pyruvate, orthophosphate dikinase (PPDK) in maize, the 5' flanking region of the gene was analyzed for interactions with nuclear e91360057 Alpha B crystallin accumulation is a specific response to Ha-ras and v-mos oncogene expression in mouse NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Klemenz R; Frohli E; Aoyama A; Hoffmann S; Simpson RJ; Moritz RL; Schafer R Mol Cell Biol 11: 803-12 (1991) The conditional expression of the v-mos and Ha-ras(EJ) oncogenes in NIH 3T3 cells leads to the accumulation of a 23-kDa protein (p23) (R. Klemenz, S. Hoffmann, R. Jaggi, and A.-K. Werenskiold, Oncogen91117247 Ha-Ras augments c-Jun activity and stimulates phosphorylation of its activation domain. Binetruy B; Smeal T; Karin M Nature 351: 122-7 (1991) Ha-Ras augments c-Jun-mediated transactivation by potentiating the activity of the c-Jun activation domain. Ha-Ras also causes a corresponding increase in phosphorylation of specific sites in that par91232576 Control of junB and extracellular matrix protein expression by transforming growth factor-beta 1 is independent of simian virus 40 T antigen-sensitive growth-sensitive growth-inhibitory events. Laiho M; Ronnstrand L; Heino J; Decaprio JA; Ludlow JW; Livingston DM; Massague J Mol Cell Biol 11: 972-8 (1991) Treatment of Mv1Lu mink lung epithelial cells with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) prevents phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product, RB, in late G1 phase of th91117265 Transcriptional factor C/EBP binds to and transactivates the enhancer element II of the hepatitis B virus. Lopez-Cabrera M; Letovsky J; Hu KQ; Siddiqui A Virology 183: 825-9 (1991) The human hepatitis B Virus genome (HBV) contains a liver-specific enhancer upstream of the X ORF which has been studied in detail by several investigators. A second liver-specific enhancer element, d91306473 Six nodulation genes of nod box locus 4 in Rhizobium meliloti are involved in nodulation signal production: nodM codes for D-glucosamine synthetase. Baev N; Endre G; Petrovics G; Banfalvi Z; Kondorosi A Mol Gen Genet 228: 113-24 (1991) The nucleotide sequence of the nod box locus n4 in Rhizobium meliloti was determined and revealed six genes organized in a single transcriptional unit, which are induced in response to a plant signal 91360053 Heat-shock proteins can substitute for SecB function during protein export in Escherichia coli. Altman E; Kumamoto CA; Emr SD EMBO J 10: 239-45 (1991) In this study we have shown that (i) induction of the heat-shock response can substitute for SecB function in Escherichia coli, (ii) SecB itself is not a heat-shock protein and (iii) a basal level of 91122029 Spontaneous electrical activity regulates vasoactive intestinal peptide expression in dissociated spinal cord cell cultures. Agoston DV; Eiden LE; Brenneman DE; Gozes I Brain Res Mol Brain Res 10: 235-40 (1991) Activity-dependent expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was investigated in spinal cord/dorsal root ganglia cultures derived from embryonic mice. Since all spinal cord neurons appear to e91359846 The sequences of the human and mouse c-cbl proto-oncogenes show v-cbl was generated by a large truncation encompassing a proline-rich domain and a leucine zipper-like motif. Blake TJ; Shapiro M; Morse HC 3d; Langdon WY Oncogene 6: 653-7 (1991) The murine Cas NS-1 retrovirus carries the v-cbl oncogene and induces pre-B cell lymphomas and myeloid leukemias. The cellular homolog of v-cbl has been identified in mouse and human DNA, and was rece91232862 Inhibition of the specific DNA binding activity of the dioxin receptor by phosphatase treatment. Pongratz I; Stromstedt PE; Mason GG; Poellinger L J Biol Chem 266: 16813-7 (1991) The dioxin receptor stimulates transcription of the cytochrome P-450IA1 gene in response to dioxin. Exposure of the intracellular dioxin receptor to dioxin leads to a rapid conversion of the receptor 91358481 Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein, CRE-BP1, mediates the E1A-induced but not the Tax-induced trans-activation. Maekawa T; Matsuda S; Fujisawa J; Yoshida M; Ishii S Oncogene 6: 627-32 (1991) The adenovirus E1A protein and tax protein (Tax) of human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1) are transcriptional regulators that do not bind to DNA directly. The ATF sites/CRE (cyclic AMP response eleme91232858 [Latency of herpes simplex virus. Current knowledge] Catalan V; Gimeno C; Garcia-de-Lomas J Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 9: 172-6 (1991) 91322124 Transfected mouse c-jun can inhibit transformation of primary rat embryo fibroblasts. Ginsberg D; Hirai SI; Pinhasi-Kimhi O; Yaniv M; Oren M Oncogene 6: 669-72 (1991) The c-jun gene, which encodes a transcriptional regulatory protein, is the cellular homologue of the transforming gene of avian sarcoma virus 17. In an attempt to assess the biological activities of m91232865 Translational control of ornithine aminotransferase. Modulation by initiation factor eIF-4E. Fagan RJ; Lazaris-Karatzas A; Sonenberg N; Rozen R J Biol Chem 266: 16518-23 (1991) Ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) is a mitochondrial enzyme expressed at high levels in liver, kidney, and retina. To characterize OAT regulation in retinal lines, we have been studying OAT synthesis i91358438 Cis and trans-acting elements involved in the activation of Arabidopsis thaliana A1 gene encoding the translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha. Curie C; Liboz T; Bardet C; Gander E; Medale C; Axelos M; Lescure B Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1305-10 (1991) In A. thaliana the translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha is encoded by a small multigenic family of four members (A1-A4). The A1 gene promoter has been dissected and examined in a transient express91232913 Contacts between 5 S DNA and Xenopus TFIIIA identified using 5-azido-2'-deoxyuridine-substituted DNA. Lee DK; Evans RK; Blanco J; Gottesfeld J; Johnson JD J Biol Chem 266: 16478-84 (1991) A highly photosensitive analogue of thymidine, 5-azidodeoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate, has been incorporated into 61-base pair (bp) DNA fragments corresponding to the central region of Xenopus somatic-ty91358432 Identification and sequence analysis of the hupR1 gene, which encodes a response regulator of the NtrC family required for hydrogenase expression in Rhodobacter capsulatus. Richaud P; Colbeau A; Toussaint B; Vignais PM J Bacteriol 173: 5928-32 (1991) The hupR1 gene from Rhodobacter capsulatus was cloned and sequenced. It can encode a protein of 53,843 Da which shares significant similarity with several transcriptional regulators and activates tran91358391 Two zinc finger proteins from Xenopus laevis bind the same region of 5S RNA but with different nuclease protection patterns. Sands MS; Bogenhagen DF Nucleic Acids Res 19: 1797-803 (1991) Immature oocytes from Xenopus laevis contain a 42S ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP) containing 5S RNA, tRNA, a 43 kDa protein, and a 48 kDa protein. A particle containing 5S RNA and the 43 kDa protein91232945 Integration host factor binds specifically to multiple sites in the ompB promoter of Escherichia coli and inhibits transcription. Tsui P; Huang L; Freundlich M J Bacteriol 173: 5800-7 (1991) Escherichia coli integration host factor (IHF) is a DNA-binding protein that participates in gene regulation, site-specific recombination, and other processes in E. coli and some of its bacteriophages91358373 Cooperative protein-DNA interactions: effects of KCl on lambda cI binding to OR. Koblan KS; Ackers GK Biochemistry 30: 7822-7 (1991) The effects of monovalent salt activity on the site-specific and cooperative interactions of cI repressor with its three operator sites OR were studied by using quantitative DNase I footprint titratio91329350 The cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP receptor protein complex functions both as an activator and as a corepressor at the tsx-p2 promoter of Escherichia coli K-12. Gerlach P; Sogaard-Andersen L; Pedersen H; Martinussen J; Valentin-Hansen P; Bremer E J Bacteriol 173: 5419-30 (1991) The tsx-p2 promoter is one of at least seven Escherichia coli promoters that are activated by the cyclic AMP (cAMP)-cAMP receptor protein (CRP) complex and negatively regulated by the CytR repressor. 91358319 [Function of ets proteins: gene regulation coupled with signal transduction] Fujiwara S; Koizumi S Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 36: 1551-7 (1991) 91326862 Functional dissection of the paired segmentation gene in Drosophila embryos. Morrissey D; Askew D; Raj L; Weir M Genes Dev 5: 1684-96 (1991) An ectopic expression assay in Drosophila embryos was used to investigate the roles of pair-rule segmentation genes in the spatial regulation of the segment-polarity gene, engrailed (en). It is hypoth91357482 Characterization of a gene controlling heterocyst differentiation in the cyanobacterium Anabaena 7120. Buikema WJ; Haselkorn R Genes Dev 5: 321-30 (1991) Anabaena 7120 mutant 216 fails to differentiate heterocyst. We previously identified a 2.4-kb wild-type DNA fragment able to complement this mutant. We show here that the sequence of this fragment con91138965 Patterns of gene expression in developing anthers of Brassica napus. Scott R; Dagless E; Hodge R; Paul W; Soufleri I; Draper J Plant Mol Biol 17: 195-207 (1991) The relationship between bud length, anther length and stage of anther development has been investigated in Brassica napus using a series of cytological markers that define steps in the process of mal91322516 Developmental function of Elf-1: an essential transcription factor during embryogenesis in Drosophila. Bray SJ; Kafatos FC Genes Dev 5: 1672-83 (1991) The Drosophila transcription factor Elf-1 binds to a cis-acting element that is essential for neuronal expression of the Dopa decarboxylase gene (Ddc). Elf-1 also stimulates transcription from the Ddc91357481 A family of C/EBP-related proteins capable of forming covalently linked leucine zipper dimers in vitro. Williams SC; Cantwell CA; Johnson PF Genes Dev 5: 1553-67 (1991) Mouse and rat genomic DNA libraries were screened by reduced stringency hybridization with the DNA-binding domain of the c/ebp gene as a probe. Three genes were isolated that encode bZIP DNA-binding p91357471 Purification and characterization of a heat stable nuclear factor CIIIB1 involved in the regulation of the human ApoC-III gene. Ogami K; Kardassis D; Cladaras C; Zannis VI J Biol Chem 266: 9640-6 (1991) The apoC-III promoter region -86 to -74 is recognized by two nuclear factors designated CIIIB1 and CIIIB2 (NF-BA1) which are both activators of apoC-III gene transcription (Ogami, K., Hadzopoulou-Clad91236737 Cloning and sequencing of the rat Oct-1 POU box. Lillycrop KA; Latchman DS Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3744 (1991) 91305127 Isolation of cDNAs for DNA-binding proteins which specifically bind to a tax-responsive enhancer element in the long terminal repeat of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Tsujimoto A; Nyunoya H; Morita T; Sato T; Shimotohno K J Virol 65: 1420-6 (1991) One of the gene products of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I), p40tax, activates its own viral transcription in trans through tax-responsive enhancers in viral long terminal repeats. Five sp91140735 Oct-3 and the beginning of mammalian development. Rosner MH; Vigano MA; Rigby PW; Arnheiter H; Staudt LM Science 253: 144-5 (1991) 91305932 Transcription factors nuclear factor I and Sp1 interact with the murine collagen alpha 1 (I) promoter. Nehls MC; Rippe RA; Veloz L; Brenner DA Mol Cell Biol 11: 4065-73 (1991) The collagen alpha 1(I) promoter, which is efficiently transcribed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, contains four binding sites for trans-acting factors, as demonstrated by DNase I protection assays (D. A. Bre91304398 Two genes encoding the soybean translation elongation factor eEF-1 alpha are transcribed in seedling leaves. Aguilar F; Montandon PE; Stutz E Plant Mol Biol 17: 351-60 (1991) A cDNA and a genomic DNA library from soybean (Glycine max L.) were used to identify and sequence two genes coding for the alpha-subunit of the translation elongation factor eEF-1. Within the coding p91355927 Induction of cytokines in normal placental cells by the human immunodeficiency virus. Reuben JM; Gonik B; Li S; Loo L; Turpin J Lymphokine Cytokine Res 10: 195-9 (1991) Placental cotyledon mononuclear cells (CMC) resemble peripheral blood monocytes/marcophages (MM) with respect to their expression of surface antigens and cellular function. CMC also express the CD4 an91355382 The B-cell and neuronal forms of the octamer-binding protein Oct-2 differ in DNA-binding specificity and functional activity. Dent CL; Lillycrop KA; Estridge JK; Thomas NS; Latchman DS Mol Cell Biol 11: 3925-30 (1991) B lymphocytes contain an octamer-binding transcription factor, Oct-2, that is absent in most other cell types and plays a critical role in the B-cell-specific transcription of the immunoglobulin genes91304383 The enhancer of the human transferrin gene is organized in two structural and functional domains. Boissier F; Auge-Gouillou C; Schaeffer E; Zakin MM J Biol Chem 266: 9822-8 (1991) We previously identified a 300-base pair long enhancer, located 3.6 kilobases upstream of the cap site of the human transferrin gene. A 5' deletion up to position 86 of the enhancer resulted in comple91236762 A quantitative model for translational control of the GCN4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Abastado JP; Miller PF; Hinnebusch AG New Biol 3: 511-24 (1991) Expression of the GCN4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated at the translational level by short open reading frames (uORFs) present in the leader sequence of its mRNA. Under conditions of ami91355176 Signaling mechanisms in T cells. Rao A Crit Rev Immunol 10: 495-519 (1991) 91321723 Defining the sequence recognized with BmFTZ-F1, a sequence specific DNA binding factor in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, as revealed by direct sequencing of bound oligonucleotides and gel mobility shift cUeda H; Hirose S Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3689-93 (1991) BmFTZ-F1 is a Bombyx mori homologue of FTZ-F1, a positive regulator of the fushi tarazu gene of Drosophila melanogaster. In order to determine the sequence recognized with this factor, we made three s91305117 Identification and initial characterization of the eutF locus of Salmonella typhimurium. O'Toole GA; Escalante-Semerena JC J Bacteriol 173: 5168-72 (1991) We report the isolation and initial characterization of mutations in the newly described eutF locus of Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Mutations in eutF render a strain unable to utilize ethanolamine as a91317737 Fosvergnugen. The excitement of immediate-early genes. Schilling K; Curran T; Morgan JI Ann N Y Acad Sci 627: 115-23 (1991) 91353939 A common denominator linking glycogen metabolism, nuclear oncogenes and development. Woodgett JR Trends Biochem Sci 16: 177-81 (1991) A ubiquitous protein-serine kinase, initially implicated in glycogen regulation, has surfaced unexpectedly in the fields of nuclear oncogenes and fruitfly development. This unusual linkage may reflect91352829 Transcriptional regulation by cholecystokinin-pancreozymin in rat pancreas. Iovanna JL; Calvo EL; Dagorn JC Regul Pept 33: 165-73 (1991) Cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) is involved in the regulation of pancreatic protein synthesis and secretion. We demonstrate here that CCK-PZ also stimulates RNA synthesis. Rats were killed 0, 3091352342 Gene structure, chromosomal location, and basis for alternative mRNA splicing of the human VCAM1 gene. Cybulsky MI; Fries JW; Williams AJ; Sultan P; Eddy R; Byers M; Shows T; Gimbrone MA Jr; Collins T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 7859-63 (1991) Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) is a cell surface glycoprotein adhesive for certain blood leukocytes and tumor cells, which is expressed by activated endothelium in a variety of pathologic 91352090 Engineering the quaternary structure of an exported protein with a leucine zipper. Blondel A; Bedouelle H Protein Eng 4: 457-61 (1991) The leucine zipper of the yeast transcriptional factor GCN4 was grafted to the C-terminal amino acid of the maltose binding protein (MalE) by fusing the malE gene of Escherichia coli to a synthetic ge91351991 Sympathetic activity: modulator of myocardial hypertrophy. Long CS; Kariya K; Karns L; Simpson PC J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 17 Suppl 2: S20-4 (1991) The mechanisms regulating myocardial hypertrophy are largely unknown. Furthermore, the hypertrophic phenotype can be associated with either normal or abnormal function. To study the molecular mechanis91350766 Regulation of JCVL promoter function: evidence that a pentanucleotide "silencer" repeat sequence AGGGAAGGGA down-regulates transcription of the JC virus late promoter. Tada H; Lashgari MS; Khalili K Virology 180: 327-38 (1991) The human neurotropic papovavirus JCV contains sequences within the two 98-bp tandem repeats which play a key role in glial-specific transcription of the viral early and late promoters. Previous analy91082425 Sequence requirements for activation of replication by the SV40 transcriptional promoter or enhancer elements. Haas MW; Ramanujam P; Chandrasekharappa SC; Subramanian KN Virology 180: 41-8 (1991) Previous studies have demonstrated that the 21- or the 72-bp repeat transcriptional control elements enhance the efficiency of SV40 DNA replication in vivo, provided either of these repeats is located91082436 Polymorphic structure of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) locus: an NcoI polymorphism in the first intron of the human TNF-beta gene correlates with a variant amino acid in position 26 and a reduced leMesser G; Spengler U; Jung MC; Honold G; Blomer K; Pape GR; Riethmuller G; Weiss EH J Exp Med 173: 209-19 (1991) Since a dysregulated synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) may be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, it was of interest to precisely locate the recently reported NcoI 91086846 Identification of a novel mammary cell line-specific enhancer element in the long terminal repeat of mouse mammary tumor virus, which interacts with its hormone-responsive element. Yanagawa S; Tanaka H; Ishimoto A J Virol 65: 526-31 (1991) We analyzed the long terminal repeat (LTR) of mouse mammary tumor virus for sequences that influence its promoter activity by using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assay. A series of LTR deletio91087332 Transcriptional activation and nuclear targeting signals of the human androgen receptor. Simental JA; Sar M; Lane MV; French FS; Wilson EM J Biol Chem 266: 510-8 (1991) The androgen receptor (AR) is a signal-transducing protein required for sexual differentiation, development, and expression of the male phenotype. A series of human AR deletion mutants were created ei91093175 Identification of mRNAs associated with programmed cell death in immature thymocytes. Owens GP; Hahn WE; Cohen JJ Mol Cell Biol 11: 4177-88 (1991) Programmed cell death is an essential cellular process that occurs in epithelial turnover, neural development, and regulation of cell populations of the immune system. Thymocytes undergo programmed ce91304410 Similarity of human mitochondrial transcription factor 1 to high mobility group proteins. Parisi MA; Clayton DA Science 252: 965-9 (1991) Human mitochondrial transcription factor 1 (mtTF1) has been sequenced and is a nucleus-encoded DNA binding protein of 204 amino acids (24,400 daltons). Expression of human mtTF1 in bacteria yields a p91240283 Heterogeneity in the Xenopus ribosomal transcription factor xUBF has a molecular basis distinct from that in mammals. Bachvarov D; Normandeau M; Moss T FEBS Lett 288: 55-9 (1991) The Xenopus polymerase I transcription factor xUBF is an HMG-box protein which has been purified as two polypeptides of approximately 82 and 85 kDa. Recently a cDNA sequence predicted an xUBF protein 91348289 In vivo immediate early gene expression induced in intestinal and colonic mucosa by feeding. Holt PR; DuBois RN Jr FEBS Lett 287: 102-4 (1991) Since the gut responds rapidly to food intake, the levels of expression of several immediate early genes were measured in mucosa from small and large intestine of rats starved for 3 days or refed. Wit91348187 Defective induction of Jun and Fos-related proteins in phorbol ester-resistant EL4 mouse thymoma cells. Jensen DE; Frankis RC Jr; Sando JJ Oncogene 6: 1219-25 (1991) Treatment of sensitive EL4 mouse thymoma cells with phorbol esters causes growth inhibition, adherence to substrate and production of several lymphokines including Interleukin 2. Resistant cells lack 91319403 The mouse S-antigen gene. Comparison with human and Drosophila. Tsuda M; Kikuchi T; Yamaki K; Shinohara T Eur J Biochem 200: 95-101 (1991) We have characterized a gene for mouse S-antigen and compared its sequence with that of corresponding human and two recently published Drosophila S-antigen genes. The mouse S-antigen gene was approxim91348058 Modulation of Na+/K+ exchange potentiates lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression in murine peritoneal macrophages. Ohmori Y; Reynolds E; Hamilton TA J Cell Physiol 148: 96-105 (1991) The role of Na+/K+ exchange in regulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated induction of cytokine gene expression has been examined in murine peritoneal macrophages. Depletion of K+ from the culture m91317895 Tissue-specific expression of high-voltage-activated dihydropyridine-sensitive L-type calcium channels. Biel M; Hullin R; Freundner S; Singer D; Dascal N; Flockerzi V; Hofmann F Eur J Biochem 200: 81-8 (1991) The cloning of the cDNA for the alpha 1 subunit of L-type calcium channels revealed that at least two genes (CaCh1 and CaCh2) exist which give rise to several splice variants. The expression of mRNA f91348056 Beta subunit of mitochondrial F1-ATPase from the fission yeast. Deduced sequence of the wild type protein and identification of a mutation that increases nucleotide binding. Falson P; Leterme S; Capiau C; Boutry M Eur J Biochem 200: 61-7 (1991) The Schizosaccharomyces pombe nuclear gene, atp2, encoding the beta subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, was sequenced and found to contain a 1575-bp open reading frame. Two adjacent transcripti91348053 Identification of Bordetella pertussis regulatory sequences required for transcriptional activation of the fhaB gene and autoregulation of the bvgAS operon. Roy CR; Falkow S J Bacteriol 173: 2385-92 (1991) Transcription of numerous virulence genes in Bordetella pertussis is positively regulated by the products of the bvgAS genes. In this study a series of lacZYA fusions containing deletions in either th91177830 A member of the RXR nuclear receptor family is expressed in neural-crest-derived cells of the developing chick peripheral nervous system. Rowe A; Eager NS; Brickell PM Development 111: 771-8 (1991) Retinoic acid (RA) affects differentiation and morphogenesis in various developmental systems and is believed to act through nuclear RA receptors that belong to the steroid/thyroid hormone family of l91347905 The act cluster contains regulatory and antibiotic export genes, direct targets for translational control by the bldA tRNA gene of Streptomyces. Fernandez-Moreno MA; Caballero JL; Hopwood DA; Malpartida F Cell 66: 769-80 (1991) The actII region, flanked by biosynthetic genes in the 25 kb act cluster of S. coelicolor, consists of four open reading frames, including a transcriptional activator for the biosynthetic genes, and g91347376 The PML-RAR alpha fusion mRNA generated by the t(15;17) translocation in acute promyelocytic leukemia encodes a functionally altered RAR. de The H; Lavau C; Marchio A; Chomienne C; Degos L; Dejean A Cell 66: 675-84 (1991) We have previously shown that the t(15;17) translocation specifically associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) fuses the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) locus to an as yet unknown g91347369 rbcR [correction of rcbR], a gene coding for a member of the LysR family of transcriptional regulators, is located upstream of the expressed set of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase geneViale AM; Kobayashi H; Akazawa T; Henikoff S J Bacteriol 173: 5224-9 (1991) An open reading frame, rbcR, was identified 226 bp upstream of rbcAB, i.e., the ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase genes expressed in the phototrophic purple bacterium Chromatium vinosum. Several f91317745 Novel cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate response element in the human chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit gene. Albanese C; Kay TW; Troccoli NM; Jameson JL Mol Endocrinol 5: 693-702 (1991) CG is encoded by separate alpha- and beta-subunit genes. Expression of both genes is stimulated by cAMP, but the kinetics of activation are different, with cAMP stimulation of the alpha gene preceding91304434 The effects of glucocorticoid hormone on the expression of c-jun. Lee H; Shaw YT; Chiou ST; Chang WC; Lai MD FEBS Lett 280: 134-6 (1991) The effects of glucocorticoid hormone on the expression of c-jun in the fibroblasts were studied. The expression of c-jun was repressed by dexamethasone in the NIH3T3 cells, but not in the transformed91184397 Two members of an HNF1 homeoprotein family are expressed in human liver. Bach I; Mattei MG; Cereghini S; Yaniv M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3553-9 (1991) HNF1 is a transcriptional activator, required for the liver-specific expression of a variety of genes, that binds to DNA as a dimer via the most diverged homeodomain known so far. We were interested t91305097 Cloning and characterization of a pair of novel genes that regulate production of extracellular enzymes in Bacillus subtilis. Pang AS; Nathoo S; Wong SL J Bacteriol 173: 46-54 (1991) Two novel Bacillus subtilis genes that regulate the production of several extracellular enzymes were clones and characterized. These two genes are organized as part of an operon. When cloned in a mult91100316 Regulation of spo0H, a gene coding for the Bacillus subtilis sigma H factor. Weir J; Predich M; Dubnau E; Nair G; Smith I J Bacteriol 173: 521-9 (1991) The Bacillus spo0H gene codes for sigma H, which, as part of the RNA polymerase holoenzyme E sigma H, is responsible for the transcription of several genes which are expressed at the beginning of the 91100338 Detection of two Zn-finger proteins of Xenopus laevis, TFIIIA, and p43, by probing western blots of ovary cytosol with 65Zn2+, 63Ni2+, or 109Cd2+. Makowski GS; Lin SM; Brennan SM; Smilowitz HM; Hopfer SM; Sunderman FW Jr Biol Trace Elem Res 29: 93-109 (1991) Two Zn-finger proteins, TFIIIA (a constituent of 7S RNP particles) and p43 (a constituent of 42S RNP particles), were detected in ovary extracts of juvenile Xenopus laevis females by in vitro binding 91315941 A thymus-specific member of the HMG protein family regulates the human T cell receptor C alpha enhancer. Waterman ML; Fischer WH; Jones KA Genes Dev 5: 656-69 (1991) The human T cell-specific transcription factor TCF-1 alpha plays a key role in the tissue-specific activation of the T cell receptor (TCR) C alpha enhancer and binds to pyrimidine-rich elements (5'-Py91184620 Chromosomal translocation t(15;17) in human acute promyelocytic leukemia fuses RAR alpha with a novel putative transcription factor, PML. Kakizuka A; Miller WH Jr; Umesono K; Warrell RP Jr; Frankel SR; Murty VV; Dmitrovsky E; Evans RM Cell 66: 663-74 (1991) A unique mRNA produced in leukemic cells from a t(15;17) acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patient encodes a fusion protein between the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RAR alpha) and a myeloid gene pro91347368 Identification of a fungal cutinase promoter that is inducible by a plant signal via a phosphorylated trans-acting factor. Bajar A; Podila GK; Kolattukudy PE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 8208-12 (1991) Plant cutin monomers trigger, and glucose suppresses, the expression of the cutinase gene of pathogenic fungi. To identify the cutinase promoter region responsible for induction by the unique plant co91376113 [Proto-oncogene expression in the liver of male rats of different age] Novikov LB; Balanskii RM; Anisimov VN; Khanson KP Biull Eksp Biol Med 111: 521-2 (1991) The expression of 10 protooncogenes has been quantitatively studied in liver of male rats L10 age of 1, 10.5, 22 and 37 months. It was shown that a number of specific mRNA transcripts and, therefore, 91346805 MyoD and the regulation of myogenesis by helix-loop-helix proteins. Tapscott SJ; Weintraub H J Clin Invest 87: 1133-8 (1991) 91185588 The Tn10-encoded Tet repressor blocks early but not late steps of assembly of the RNA polymerase II initiation complex in vivo. Heins L; Frohberg C; Gatz C Mol Gen Genet 232: 328-31 (1992) We have studied the effect of the Tn10-encoded Tet repressor on expression from 13 cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter derivatives that contain a tet operator sequence in various positions do92212298 HIV-1 Tat acts as a processivity factor in vitro in conjunction with cellular elongation factors. Kato H; Sumimoto H; Pognonec P; Chen CH; Rosen CA; Roeder RG Genes Dev 6: 655-66 (1992) The HIV-1 trans-activator Tat increases the rate of transcription from the HIV-1 LTR promoter through the stem-loop-containing TAR RNA. To analyze the mechanisms of Tat action, a cell-free trans-activ92217744 The NusA and NusG proteins of Escherichia coli increase the in vitro readthrough frequency of a transcriptional attenuator preceding the gene for the beta subunit of RNA polymerase. Linn T; Greenblatt J J Biol Chem 267: 1449-54 (1992) The genes for the beta (rpoB) and beta' (rpoC) subunits of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase are the distal members of a complex transcriptional unit that contains four upstream ribosomal protein genes.92112854 Requirement for E. coli NusG protein in factor-dependent transcription termination. Sullivan SL; Gottesman ME Cell 68: 989-94 (1992) The 21 kd NusG protein is essential for E. coli viability. Cells depleted for NusG were defective for factor-dependent transcription termination. Rho-induced polarity in the gal operon and the Rho-dep92191277 Protein-DNA interactions associated with the onset of testis-specific expression of the mammalian Pgk-2 gene. Gebara MM; McCarrey JR Mol Cell Biol 12: 1422-31 (1992) We have identified difference in protein-DNA interactions associated with the promoter of the mammalian spermatogenesis-specific Pgk-2 gene in expressing and nonexpressing cells, using a band shift as92195286 Simultaneous gain and loss of functions caused by a single amino acid substitution in the beta subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: suppression of nusA and rho mutations and conditional lethaliSparkowski J; Das A Genetics 130: 411-28 (1992) Transcript elongation and termination in Escherichia coli is modulated, in part, by the nusA gene product, an acidic protein that interacts not only with RNA polymerase itself but also with ancillary 92201630 A single regulatory gene integrates control of vitamin B12 synthesis and propanediol degradation. Bobik TA; Ailion M; Roth JR J Bacteriol 174: 2253-66 (1992) The cob operon of Salmonella typhimurium encodes enzymes required for synthesis of adenosyl-cobalamin (vitamin B12). The pdu operon encodes enzymes needed for use of propanediol as a carbon source, in92202154 Role of the transcriptional activator, VirF, and temperature in the expression of the pYV plasmid genes of Yersinia enterocolitica. Lambert de Rouvroit C; Sluiters C; Cornelis GR Mol Microbiol 6: 395-409 (1992) Upon incubation at 37 degrees C in the absence of Ca2+ ions, pathogenic yersiniae release high amounts of pYV plasmid-encoded proteins called Yops, involved in pathogenesis. Yersinia enterocolitica al92204007 Effects of template topology on RNA polymerase pausing during in vitro transcription of the Escherichia coli rrnB leader region. Krohn M; Pardon B; Wagner R Mol Microbiol 6: 581-9 (1992) Transcription elongation catalysed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase does not occur at a constant rate. Instead, during the transcription of many genes pausing occurs at defined template positions. Paus92204012 Mammalian homeobox genes in normal development and neoplasia. Deschamps J; Meijlink F Crit Rev Oncog 3: 117-73 (1992) This review aims at providing an evaluation of the currently available data concerning the role of homeobox genes in mammalian embryonic pattern formation, and their involvement in oncogenic processes92199000 A human binding site for transcription factor USF/MLTF mimics the negative regulatory element of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Giacca M; Gutierrez MI; Menzo S; Di Fagagna FD; Falaschi A Virology 186: 133-47 (1992) Transcriptional regulation of the proviral form of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is exerted by its 5' long terminal repeat (LTR), which contains recognition sites for several cell fa92087453 TATA-binding protein is a classless factor. Sharp PA Cell 68: 819-21 (1992) 92191261 Interaction of a common factor with ATF, Sp1, or TATAA promoter elements is required for these sequences to mediate transactivation by the adenoviral oncogene E1a. Weintraub SJ; Dean DC Mol Cell Biol 12: 512-7 (1992) The adenovirus protein E1a stimulates transcription of both viral and cellular genes. Unlike most other transcription factors, it induces transactivation through several different promoter elements. T92123177 The yeast SUA7 gene encodes a homolog of human transcription factor TFIIB and is required for normal start site selection in vivo. Pinto I; Ware DE; Hampsey M Cell 68: 977-88 (1992) Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUA7 gene were isolated as suppressors of an aberrant ATG translation initiation codon in the leader region of the cyc1 gene. Molecular and genetic analysis o92191276 Cloning of Drosophila transcription factor Adf-1 reveals homology to Myb oncoproteins. England BP; Admon A; Tjian R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 683-7 (1992) The Drosophila sequence-specific DNA binding protein, Adf-1, is capable of activating transcription of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene, Adh, and is implicated in the transcriptional control of other de92115725 Mutations in the Jun delta region suggest an inverse correlation between transformation and transcriptional activation. Havarstein LS; Morgan IM; Wong WY; Vogt PK Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 618-22 (1992) The viral Jun protein (v-Jun) transforms chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) more effectively than its cellular counterpart (c-Jun). In certain cell types v-Jun is also a stronger transcriptional activat92115712 The VanS-VanR two-component regulatory system controls synthesis of depsipeptide peptidoglycan precursors in Enterococcus faecium BM4147. Arthur M; Molinas C; Courvalin P J Bacteriol 174: 2582-91 (1992) Plasmid pIP816 of Enterococcus faecium BM4147 confers inducible resistance to vancomycin and encodes the VanH dehydrogenase and the VanA ligase for synthesis of depsipeptide-containing peptidoglycan p92210502 Regulation of muscle cell growth and differentiation by the MyoD family of helix-loop-helix proteins. Li L; Olson EN Adv Cancer Res 58: 95-119 (1992) The skeletal muscle cell system provides a powerful model for exploring the mechanistic basis for the antagonism between cell growth and differentiation. The recent identification of the MyoD family o92188808 Multiple mechanisms regulate the proliferation-specific histone gene transcription factor HiNF-D in normal human diploid fibroblasts. Wright KL; Dell'Orco RT; van Wijnen AJ; Stein JL; Stein GS Biochemistry 31: 2812-8 (1992) The proliferation-specific transcription factor complex HiNF-D interacts with sequence specificity in a proximal promoter element of the human H4 histone gene FO108, designated Site II. The occupancy 92190164 Trans-repressor activity of nuclear glycosaminoglycans on Fos and Jun/AP-1 oncoprotein-mediated transcription. Busch SJ; Martin GA; Barnhart RL; Mano M; Cardin AD; Jackson RL J Cell Biol 116: 31-42 (1992) Heparin blocks the phorbol ester-induced progression of nontransformed cells through the G0/G1 phase (Wright, T.C., L.A. Pukac, J.J. Castellot, M.J. Karnovsky, R.A. Levine, H.-Y. Kim-Park, and J. Camp92112961 Role of protein phosphorylation in activation of interferon-stimulated gene factors. Bandyopadhyay SK; Sen GC J Biol Chem 267: 6389-95 (1992) Possible involvement of protein phosphorylation in interferon (IFN)-mediated activation of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) was investigated. For this purpose, in vivo experiments with specific in92210621 Schwannoma-derived growth factor promotes the neuronal differentiation and survival of PC12 cells. Kimura H; Schubert D J Cell Biol 116: 777-83 (1992) Schwannoma-derived growth factor (SDGF) was initially isolated from schwannoma cells as a mitogen for glial cells and fibroblasts. The present data show that SDGF causes the morphological and molecula92113012 TATA box-mediated polymerase III transcription in vitro. Mitchell MT; Hobson GM; Benfield PA J Biol Chem 267: 1995-2005 (1992) We have defined conditions whereby a functional TATA box can mediate efficient in vitro transcription by RNA polymerase III. A TATA box is absolutely required for this reaction as a single-point mutat92112933 DNA transcription. Zinc standard for economy [news; comment] Luisi B Nature 356: 379-80 (1992) 92212446 Transcription factor IID mutants defective for interaction with transcription factor IIA. Buratowski S; Zhou H Science 255: 1130-2 (1992) Transcription factor IID (TFIID) recognizes the TATA element of promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) and serves as the base for subsequent association by other general transcription fac92188186 Chromosomal organization of Xenopus laevis oocyte and somatic 5S rRNA genes in vivo. Chipev CC; Wolffe AP Mol Cell Biol 12: 45-55 (1992) We describe the chromosomal organization of the major oocyte and somatic 5S RNA genes of Xenopus laevis in chromatin isolated from erythrocyte nuclei. Both major oocyte and somatic 5S DNA repeats are 92107197 Characterization of the hepatitis B virus preS/S region encoded transcriptional transactivator. Natoli G; Avantaggiati ML; Balsano C; De Marzio E; Collepardo D; Elfassi E; Levrero M Virology 187: 663-70 (1992) A transactivating function generated by carboxy-terminal truncation of the HBV envelope proteins has been recently described. To characterize the preS/S protein domains responsible for transactivation92188541 A bipartite DNA binding domain composed of direct repeats in the TATA box binding factor TFIID. Yamamoto T; Horikoshi M; Wang J; Hasegawa S; Weil PA; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 2844-8 (1992) Point mutations in residues comprising the interrupted direct repeats of TFIID eliminated DNA binding in an electrophoretic mobility shift assay. In contrast, mutations in nonconserved residues within92212926 Class II (B) general transcription factor (TFIIB) that binds to the template-committed preinitiation complex is different from general transcription factor BTF3. Moncollin V; Fischer L; Cavallini B; Egly JM; Chambon P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 397-401 (1992) A class II (B) general transcription factor of 34 kDa has been purified from HeLa cells to apparent homogeneity. This factor appears to be transcription factor IIB (TFIIB), since it binds in vitro to 92108062 Developmental and environmental regulation of a mammary gland-specific nuclear factor essential for transcription of the gene encoding beta-casein. Schmitt-Ney M; Happ B; Ball RK; Groner B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 3130-4 (1992) During the lactation period, mammary epithelial cells secrete large amounts of milk proteins. The coordinate regulation of milk protein expression is effected by the lactogenic hormones. We have inves92212982 Parallel pathways of gene regulation: homologous regulators SWI5 and ACE2 differentially control transcription of HO and chitinase. Dohrmann PR; Butler G; Tamai K; Dorland S; Greene JR; Thiele DJ; Stillman DJ Genes Dev 6: 93-104 (1992) Two independent pathways of transcriptional regulation that show functional homology have been identified in yeast. It has been demonstrated previously that SWI5 encodes a zinc finger DNA-binding prot92112039 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: purification and analysis of transcription factor IIA and identification of transcription factor IIJ. Cortes P; Flores O; Reinberg D Mol Cell Biol 12: 413-21 (1992) The previously described transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) protein fraction was separated into two factors that affect transcription, TFIIA and TFIIJ. TFIIA was found to have a stimulatory effect, and 92107195 The basic region of myogenin cooperates with two transcription activation domains to induce muscle-specific transcription. Schwarz JJ; Chakraborty T; Martin J; Zhou JM; Olson EN Mol Cell Biol 12: 266-75 (1992) Myogenin is a skeletal muscle-specific transcription factor that can activate myogenesis when introduced into a variety of nonmuscle cell types. Activation of the myogenic program by myogenin is depen92107177 The erythroid-specific protein cGATA-1 mediates distal enhancer activity through a specialized beta-globin TATA box. Fong TC; Emerson BM Genes Dev 6: 521-32 (1992) The erythroid-specific protein cGATA-1 regulates the chick beta-globin gene through GATA sequences present at the canonical TATA location in the promoter as well as the distal 3' enhancer. We have ana92217732 Isolation of two genes that encode subunits of the yeast transcription factor IIA. Ranish JA; Lane WS; Hahn S Science 255: 1127-9 (1992) The yeast transcription factor IIA (TFIIA), a component of the basal transcription machinery of RNA polymerase II and implicated in vitro in regulation of basal transcription, is composed of two subun92188185 Nuclear receptors, transcriptional regulation, and oncogenesis. Vedeckis WV Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 199: 1-12 (1992) 92093980 A freeze-frame view of eukaryotic transcription during elongation and capping of nascent mRNA. Hagler J; Shuman S Science 255: 983-6 (1992) Ribonuclease footprinting of nascent messenger RNA within ternary complexes of vaccinia RNA polymerase revealed an RNA binding site that encompasses an 18-nucleotide RNA segment. The dimensions of the92188161 Myb and Ets proteins cooperate in transcriptional activation of the mim-1 promoter. Dudek H; Tantravahi RV; Rao VN; Reddy ES; Reddy EP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1291-5 (1992) In the generation of the acutely transforming avian retrovirus E26, both myb and ets genes have been transduced, leading to the production of a Gag-Myb-Ets fusion protein. This co-occurrence of v-myb 92159035 The B cell-specific nuclear factor OTF-2 positively regulates transcription of the human class II transplantation gene, DRA. Zeleznik-Le NJ; Itoh-Lindstrom Y; Clarke JB; Moore TL; Ting JP J Biol Chem 267: 7677-82 (1992) The promoter of the major histocompatibility class II gene DRA contains an octamer element (ATTTGCAT) that is required for efficient DRA expression in B cells. Several DNA-binding proteins are known t92218428 Identification of a distantly located regulatory element in the luxD gene required for negative autoregulation of the Vibrio fischeri luxR gene. Shadel GS; Baldwin TO J Biol Chem 267: 7690-5 (1992) Expression of bioluminescence in the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri is controlled by a unique cell density-dependent regulatory mechanism called auto-induction. The genes required for bioluminescenc92218430 Positive autoregulation of the Vibrio fischeri luxR gene. LuxR and autoinducer activate cAMP-catabolite gene activator protein complex-independent and -dependent luxR transcription. Shadel GS; Baldwin TO J Biol Chem 267: 7696-702 (1992) The LuxR protein is a transcriptional activator involved in regulation of the genes required for bioluminescence (lux) in the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri. Transcription of the two divergently ori92218431 Mechanistic studies of transcription arrest at the adenovirus major late attenuation site. Comparison of purified RNA polymerase II and washed elongation complexes. Wiest DK; Wang D; Hawley DK J Biol Chem 267: 7733-44 (1992) Transcription elongation in a nuclear extract in vitro is efficiently blocked by Sarkosyl at a specific site downstream of the adenovirus major late (ML) promoter at which regulated transcription arre92218436 Activation of RNA polymerase II transcription by the specific DNA-binding protein LSF. Increased rate of binding of the basal promoter factor TFIIB. Sundseth R; Hansen U J Biol Chem 267: 7845-55 (1992) While the components of the initiation complex at an RNA polymerase II basal promoter have been well characterized, few mechanistic studies have focused on how upstream DNA-binding, transcriptional ac92218451 Ternary complex formation by vaccinia virus RNA polymerase at an early viral promoter: analysis by native gel electrophoresis. Hagler J; Shuman S J Virol 66: 2982-9 (1992) We have resolved, by native gel electrophoresis, two intermediates in the transcription of a vaccinia virus early gene by the virus-encoded RNA polymerase. Polymerase holoenzyme containing the vaccini92219385 Temperature-dependent regulation of a heterologous transcriptional activation domain fused to yeast heat shock transcription factor. Bonner JJ; Heyward S; Fackenthal DL Mol Cell Biol 12: 1021-30 (1992) The heat shock transcription factor (HSF) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is posttranslationally modified. At low growth temperatures, it activates transcription of heat shock genes only poorly;92186834 Phosphorylation of initiation factor 2 alpha by protein kinase GCN2 mediates gene-specific translational control of GCN4 in yeast. Dever TE; Feng L; Wek RC; Cigan AM; Donahue TF; Hinnebusch AG Cell 68: 585-96 (1992) We show that phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) by the protein kinase GCN2 mediates translational control of the yeast transcriptional activator92154672 BLyF, a novel cell-type- and stage-specific regulator of the B-lymphocyte gene mb-1. Feldhaus AL; Mbangkollo D; Arvin KL; Klug CA; Singh H Mol Cell Biol 12: 1126-33 (1992) The mb-1 gene encodes an integral membrane protein that appears to be required for the surface expression and signalling function(s) of the immunoglobulin receptor on B lymphocytes. The gene is expres92186844 brahma: a regulator of Drosophila homeotic genes structurally related to the yeast transcriptional activator SNF2/SWI2. Tamkun JW; Deuring R; Scott MP; Kissinger M; Pattatucci AM; Kaufman TC; Kennison JA Cell 68: 561-72 (1992) The brahma (brm) gene is required for the activation of multiple homeotic genes in Drosophila. Loss-of-function brm mutations suppress mutations in Polycomb, a repressor of homeotic genes, and cause d92154670 Twin of I-POU: a two amino acid difference in the I-POU homeodomain distinguishes an activator from an inhibitor of transcription. Treacy MN; Neilson LI; Turner EE; He X; Rosenfeld MG Cell 68: 491-505 (1992) I-POU, a POU domain nuclear protein that lacks two conserved basic amino acids of the POU homeodomain is coexpressed in the developing Drosophila nervous system with a second POU domain transcription 92154665 The deduced sequence of the transcription factor TFIIIA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals extensive divergence from Xenopus TFIIIA. Archambault J; Milne CA; Schappert KT; Baum B; Friesen JD; Segall J J Biol Chem 267: 3282-8 (1992) TFIIIA is an RNA polymerase III transcription factor that binds to the internal control region of the 5 S RNA gene as the first step in the assembly of a transcription complex. We have identified the 92147684 Global conformational changes in allosteric proteins. A study of Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein and muscle pyruvate kinase. Heyduk E; Heyduk T; Lee JC J Biol Chem 267: 3200-4 (1992) One of the basic features in allosteric regulation involves long range transduction of information. Based on crystallographic data on protein systems that are regulated by allosteric mechanisms, a glo92147672 Molecular characterization of the MalT-dependent periplasmic alpha-amylase of Escherichia coli encoded by malS. Schneider E; Freundlieb S; Tapio S; Boos W J Biol Chem 267: 5148-54 (1992) malS, the gene encoding the periplasmic alpha-amylase, is under the regulatory control of the MalT protein, the gene activator of the Escherichia coli maltose system. We sequenced the DNA region encod92184757 Yeast and human TFIIDs are interchangeable for the response to acidic transcriptional activators in vitro. Kelleher RJ 3d; Flanagan PM; Chasman DI; Ponticelli AS; Struhl K; Kornberg RD Genes Dev 6: 296-303 (1992) Previous work showed that human TFIID fails to support yeast cell growth, although it is nearly identical to yeast TFIID in a carboxy-terminal region of the molecule that suffices for basal, TATA-elem92146963 Overexpression of the glucocorticoid receptor represses transcription from hormone responsive and non-responsive promoters. Hoeck W; Hofer P; Groner B J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 41: 283-9 (1992) The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a regulable transcription factor which can bind to DNA response elements in the vicinity of inducible gene promoters and enhance the rate of transcription initiatio92222907 Two liver-enriched trans-acting factors support the tissue-specific basal transcription from the rat tyrosine aminotransferase promoter. Schweizer-Groyer G; Groyer A; Cadepond F; Grange T; Baulieu EE; Pictet R J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 41: 747-52 (1992) The rat tyrosine aminotransferase gene (TAT) is a glucocorticoid-inducible gene, specifically expressed in liver. Using gel retardation assays, we have shown that its promoter (nt + 1 to -350; TAT.35)92222970 TFIID can be rate limiting in vivo for TATA-containing, but not TATA-lacking, RNA polymerase II promoters. Colgan J; Manley JL Genes Dev 6: 304-15 (1992) We have studied the effect of exogenous expression of the basal transcription factor TFIID on the activities of several different TATA-containing and TATA-lacking promoters. Overexpression of TFIID fr92146964 Regulated expression of alpha 2,6-sialyltransferase by the liver-enriched transcription factors HNF-1, DBP, and LAP. Svensson EC; Conley PB; Paulson JC J Biol Chem 267: 3466-72 (1992) Tissue-specific carbohydrate structures are thought to result from the selective expression of specific terminal glycosyltransferases responsible for their synthesis. However, little is known about th92147710 The interaction of RB with E2F coincides with an inhibition of the transcriptional activity of E2F. Hiebert SW; Chellappan SP; Horowitz JM; Nevins JR Genes Dev 6: 177-85 (1992) Recent experiments have shown that the E2F transcription factor is in a complex with the RB1 gene product. The E2F-pRB complex can be reconstituted in an in vitro assay using a GST-RB fusion protein i92146953 DNA binding site preferences and transcriptional activation properties of the Arabidopsis transcription factor GBF1. Schindler U; Terzaghi W; Beckmann H; Kadesch T; Cashmore AR EMBO J 11: 1275-89 (1992) The G-box is a cis-acting element found within the promoters of many plant genes where it mediates expression in response to a variety of different stimuli. This palindromic DNA motif (CCACGTGG) is co92224865 p53: a transdominant regulator of transcription whose function is ablated by mutations occurring in human cancer. Unger T; Nau MM; Segal S; Minna JD EMBO J 11: 1383-90 (1992) Gal4-p53 fusion constructs demonstrate that wild type p53 is a potent transactivator in human lung cancer cells with the transactivation domain for p53 residing in amino acids 1-42. Strikingly, a vari92224877 Impaired transcription of the poly rI:rC- and interferon-activatable 202 gene in mice and cell lines from the C57BL/6 strain. Gariglio M; Panico S; Cavallo G; Divaker C; Lengyel P; Landolfo S Virology 187: 115-23 (1992) Activation of 202 and (2'-5')(A)n synthetase genes after injection of interferon (IFN)-inducing, double-stranded, poly rI:rC was compared in various mouse strains. The 202 mRNA level increased 4.5- to92142497 Identification of NF-jun, a novel inducible transcription factor that regulates c-jun gene transcription. Brach MA; Herrmann F; Yamada H; Bauerle PA; Kufe DW EMBO J 11: 1479-86 (1992) In this study we report the identification of a novel transcription factor, termed Nuclear Factor-jun (NF-jun). This factor contributes to inducible transcription of the c-jun gene in human myeloid le92224886 Transcriptional activation of the Listeria monocytogenes hemolysin gene in Bacillus subtilis. Freitag NE; Youngman P; Portnoy DA J Bacteriol 174: 1293-8 (1992) The prfA gene of Listeria monocytogenes was recently reported to be required for expression of hly, which encodes a pore-forming hemolysin essential for pathogenicity (M. Leimeister-Wachter, C. Haffne92138623 The Agrobacterium tumefaciens vir gene transcriptional activator virG is transcriptionally induced by acid pH and other stress stimuli. Mantis NJ; Winans SC J Bacteriol 174: 1189-96 (1992) A set of Agrobacterium tumefaciens operons required for pathogenesis is coordinately induced during plant infection by the VirA and VirG proteins. The intracellular concentration of VirG increases in 92138610 Cloning, primary structure and regulation of the ARO4 gene, encoding the tyrosine-inhibited 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Kunzler M; Paravicini G; Egli CM; Irniger S; Braus GH Gene 113: 67-74 (1992) In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, two differently regulated 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase (DAHPS; EC 4.1.2.15) isoenzymes carry out the first step in the shikimate pathway. Mu92225349 The central domain of Rhizobium leguminosarum DctD functions independently to activate transcription. Huala E; Stigter J; Ausubel FM J Bacteriol 174: 1428-31 (1992) Sigma 54-dependent transcriptional activators such as Escherichia coli NtrC, Rhizobium meliloti NifA, and Rhizobium leguminosarum DctD share similar central and carboxy-terminal domains but differ in 92138643 Role of alternative promoter elements in transcription from the nar promoter of Escherichia coli. Walker MS; DeMoss JA J Bacteriol 174: 1119-23 (1992) The effects of mutations in the -10, -35, and Fnr box regions of the narGHJI promoter of Escherichia coli were determined by assaying the expression of beta-galactosidase from narG::lacZ fusion plasmi92138603 Characterization of cDNA for the large subunit of the transcription initiation factor TFIIF. Aso T; Vasavada HA; Kawaguchi T; Germino FJ; Ganguly S; Kitajima S; Weissman SM; Yasukochi Y Nature 355: 461-4 (1992) At least six chromatographically resolvable general transcription factors may participate in accurate initiation by RNA polymerase II in HeLa cell-derived systems. TFIIF (also termed FC, RAP30/74 and 92131135 A transcriptional hierarchy involved in mammalian cell-type specification. Kuo CJ; Conley PB; Chen L; Sladek FM; Darnell JE Jr; Crabtree GR Nature 355: 457-61 (1992) Although transcriptional hierarchies have been extensively studied in invertebrates, their involvement in mammalian cell-type specification is poorly understood. Here we report a hepatocyte transcript92131134 Differential expression of three C/EBP isoforms in multiple tissues during the acute phase response. Alam T; An MR; Papaconstantinou J J Biol Chem 267: 5021-4 (1992) Eucaryotic organisms possess natural defense processes triggered by stress factors such as injury, infection, and inflammation. The acute phase response is an early defense mechanism during which stri92184734 Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Identification and characterization of factor IIH. Flores O; Lu H; Reinberg D J Biol Chem 267: 2786-93 (1992) Two new factors required for transcription of class II genes have been identified. These factors, TFIIH and TFIIJ, were required together with the previously described general factors (TFIIA, TFIIB, T92129373 RNA polymerase-associated transcription specificity factor encoded by vaccinia virus. Ahn BY; Moss B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 3536-40 (1992) Vaccinia virus encodes a multisubunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) that is packaged in the infectious virus particle. This polymerase was found to contain a submolar polypeptide of approx92228821 A cDNA encoding RAP74, a general initiation factor for transcription by RNA polymerase II. Finkelstein A; Kostrub CF; Li J; Chavez DP; Wang BQ; Fang SM; Greenblatt J; Burton ZF Nature 355: 464-7 (1992) RAP30/74 (also known as TFIIF, beta gamma and FC is one of several general factors required for initiation by RNA polymerase II. The small RAP30 subunit of RAP30/74 binds directly to polymerase and ap92131136 Calcium-regulated phosphorylation within the leucine zipper of C/EBP beta. Wegner M; Cao Z; Rosenfeld MG Science 256: 370-3 (1992) Alterations in intracellular calcium levels activate several signal transduction pathways resulting in distinct patterns of gene expression. Here, a pathway for calcium-mediated signals is demonstrate92229467 The E1B transcription map of the enteric adenovirus type 41. Allard A; Wadell G Virology 188: 319-30 (1992) Enteric adenovirus type 41 (Ad41) is defective for growth in conventional established cell lines. Ad41 is dependent on the Ad5 early regions E1A/E1B since it cannot grow in HEK cells but only in 293 H92230230 Organization of the regulatory elements and nuclear activities participating in the transcription of the human apolipoprotein B gene. Kardassis D; Zannis VI; Cladaras C J Biol Chem 267: 2622-32 (1992) The human apolipoprotein B (apoB) promoter region (-150 to +124) is transcriptionally active in HepG2 and CaCo-2 but not in HeLa cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that transcription of the h92129353 Adenovirus E1A represses the cyclic AMP-induced transcription of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) in hepatoma cells. Kalvakolanu DV; Liu J; Hanson RW; Harter ML; Sen GC J Biol Chem 267: 2530-6 (1992) Adenovirus infection of hepatoma cells inhibited transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) (PEPCK) gene and virtually eliminated transcription of a chimeric gene which92129338 Okadaic acid induces the expression of both early and secondary response genes in mouse keratinocytes. Holladay K; Fujiki H; Bowden GT Mol Carcinog 5: 16-24 (1992) Okadaic acid (OA), a potent mouse skin tumor promoter and inhibitor of the protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, was investigated for its effects on the expression of tumor-associated early and secondary res92181574 MET4, a leucine zipper protein, and centromere-binding factor 1 are both required for transcriptional activation of sulfur metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thomas D; Jacquemin I; Surdin-Kerjan Y Mol Cell Biol 12: 1719-27 (1992) Inactivation of the centromere-binding factor 1 (CBF1) gene results in yeast strains that require methionine for growth. This auxotrophy is due to the inability of such strains to concentrate and assi92195318 5'-upstream cis-elements and binding factor(s) potentially involved in light-regulated expression of a Brassica napus rbcS gene. Fiebig C; Link G Curr Genet 21: 161-8 (1992) The 5'-upstream region of a Brassica napus rbcS gene contains sequence elements that resemble the cis-regulatory elements described for other species. In band shift competition assays using whole-cell92233491 Insulin is a prominent modulator of the cytokine-stimulated expression of acute-phase plasma protein genes. Campos SP; Baumann H Mol Cell Biol 12: 1789-97 (1992) Several endocrine hormones which influence liver metabolism are known to increase in activity during the acute phase of injury or inflammation. We determined whether these hormones have the potential 92195325 The gene for erythropoietin receptor is expressed in multipotential hematopoietic and embryonal stem cells: evidence for differentiation stage-specific regulation. Heberlein C; Fischer KD; Stoffel M; Nowock J; Ford A; Tessmer U; Stocking C Mol Cell Biol 12: 1815-26 (1992) The principal regulator of erythropoiesis is the glycoprotein erythropoietin, which interacts with a specific cell surface receptor (EpoR). A study aimed at analyzing EpoR gene regulation has shown th92195328 Antagonism between apolipoprotein AI regulatory protein 1, Ear3/COUP-TF, and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 modulates apolipoprotein CIII gene expression in liver and intestinal cells. Mietus-Snyder M; Sladek FM; Ginsburg GS; Kuo CF; Ladias JA; Darnell JE Jr; Karathanasis SK Mol Cell Biol 12: 1708-18 (1992) Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII), a lipid-binding protein involved in the transport of triglycerides and cholesterol in the plasma, is synthesized primarily in the liver and the intestine. A cis-acting r92195317 Glucose repression of the yeast ADH2 gene occurs through multiple mechanisms, including control of the protein synthesis of its transcriptional activator, ADR1. Vallari RC; Cook WJ; Audino DC; Morgan MJ; Jensen DE; Laudano AP; Denis CL Mol Cell Biol 12: 1663-73 (1992) The rate of ADH2 transcription increases dramatically when Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are shifted from glucose to ethanol growth conditions. Since ADH2 expression under glucose growth conditions i92195312 In vitro initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II on in vivo-assembled chromatin templates. Batson SC; Sundseth R; Heath CV; Samuels M; Hansen U Mol Cell Biol 12: 1639-51 (1992) We have studied the initiation of transcription in vitro by RNA polymerase II on simian virus 40 (SV40) minichromosomal templates isolated from infected cells. The efficiency and pattern of transcript92195310 Evidence that USF can interact with only a single general transcription complex at one time. Adami G; Babiss LE Mol Cell Biol 12: 1630-8 (1992) By in vitro analysis, the major late promoter (MLP) of adenovirus has been shown to be a simple promoter requiring two elements for efficient transcription: a minimal promoter element (MPE), where the92195309 Expression of the CD4 gene requires a Myb transcription factor. Siu G; Wurster AL; Lipsick JS; Hedrick SM Mol Cell Biol 12: 1592-604 (1992) We have analyzed the control of developmental expression of the CD4 gene, which encodes an important recognition molecule and differentiation antigen on T cells. We have determined that the CD4 promot92195305 Production of the CYS3 regulator, a bZIP DNA-binding protein, is sufficient to induce sulfur gene expression in Neurospora crassa. Paietta JV Mol Cell Biol 12: 1568-77 (1992) The cys-3+ gene of Neurospora crassa encodes a bZIP (basic region-leucine zipper) regulatory protein that is essential for sulfur structural gene expression (e.g., ars-1+). Nuclear transcription assay92195302 ADR1c mutations enhance the ability of ADR1 to activate transcription by a mechanism that is independent of effects on cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation of Ser-230. Denis CL; Fontaine SC; Chase D; Kemp BE; Bemis LT Mol Cell Biol 12: 1507-14 (1992) Four ADR1c mutations that occur close to Ser-230 of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcriptional activator ADR1 and which greatly enhance the ability of ADR1 to activate ADH2 expression under glucose-92195295 Lambda placMu insertions in genes of the leucine regulon: extension of the regulon to genes not regulated by leucine. Lin R; D'Ari R; Newman EB J Bacteriol 174: 1948-55 (1992) The leucine regulon coordinates the expression of several Escherichia coli genes according to the presence of exogenous leucine, which interacts with the lrp gene product, Lrp. We isolated and charact92193284 A role for the TATA-box-binding protein component of the transcription factor IID complex as a general RNA polymerase III transcription factor. White RJ; Jackson SP; Rigby PW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1949-53 (1992) The major class of vertebrate genes transcribed by RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) III, which includes 5S rRNA genes, tRNA genes, and the adenovirus VA genes, is characterized by split internal promoters 92179299 The signal for glucose repression of the lactose-galactose regulon is amplified through subtle modulation of transcription of the Kluyveromyces lactis Kl-GAL4 activator gene. Kuzhandaivelu N; Jones WK; Martin AK; Dickson RC Mol Cell Biol 12: 1924-31 (1992) Induction of the lactose-galactose regulon is strongly repressed by glucose in some but not all strains of Kluyveromyces lactis. We show here that in strongly repressed strains, two to three times les92236565 Stability of Drosophila RNA polymerase II elongation complexes in vitro. Kephart DD; Marshall NF; Price DH Mol Cell Biol 12: 2067-77 (1992) We show that nuclear extract from Drosophila Kc cells supports efficient elongation by RNA polymerase II initiated from the actin 5C promoter. The addition of 0.3% Sarkosyl, 1 mg of heparin per ml, or92236581 Isolation and characterization of a rat ventricular cDNA expressed specifically in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Gupta M; Smeekens SP; Gupta MP; Zak R Biochem Biophys Res Commun 183: 176-83 (1992) We describe the isolation of a novel cDNA named Myomy and show that its transcripts are present in skeletal and cardiac muscles as well as in differentiated Sol 8 skeletal muscle cell line. Sequence a92181439 Molecular cloning and characterization of PEA3, a new member of the Ets oncogene family that is differentially expressed in mouse embryonic cells. Xin JH; Cowie A; Lachance P; Hassell JA Genes Dev 6: 481-96 (1992) The PEA3 motif, first recognized in the polyomavirus enhancer, is an oncogene, serum growth factor, and phorbol ester-responsive element. An activity capable of binding to this sequence, termed PEA3 (92192459 CHOP, a novel developmentally regulated nuclear protein that dimerizes with transcription factors C/EBP and LAP and functions as a dominant-negative inhibitor of gene transcription. Ron D; Habener JF Genes Dev 6: 439-53 (1992) We report on the identification of a nuclear protein that serves as a dominant-negative inhibitor of the transcription factors C/EBP and LAP. A 32P-labeled LAP DNA-binding and dimerization domain "zip92192456 The scalloped gene encodes a novel, evolutionarily conserved transcription factor required for sensory organ differentiation in Drosophila. Campbell S; Inamdar M; Rodrigues V; Raghavan V; Palazzolo M; Chovnick A Genes Dev 6: 367-79 (1992) The scalloped (sd) gene of Drosophila melanogaster was initially characterized by mutants affecting structures on the wing of the adult fly. The sequence of a cDNA clone of the gene reveals a predicte92192450 Site-specific enthalpic regulation of DNA transcription at bacteriophage lambda OR. Koblan KS; Ackers GK Biochemistry 31: 57-65 (1992) Binding of cI repressor to DNA fragments containing the three specific binding sites of the right operator (OR) of bacteriophage lambda was studied in vitro over the temperature range 5-37 degrees C b92118813 Factors involved in regulation of the RT7 promoter in a male germ cell-derived in vitro transcription system. van der Hoorn FA; Tarnasky HA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 703-7 (1992) We recently cloned and characterized a rat male germ cell-specific gene, RT7. The RT7 promoter contains a TATA box as well as sequences with homology to binding sites for a number of transcription fac92115729 Regulation of yeast COX6 by the general transcription factor ABF1 and separate HAP2- and heme-responsive elements. Trawick JD; Kraut N; Simon FR; Poyton RO Mol Cell Biol 12: 2302-14 (1992) Transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae COX6 gene is regulated by heme and carbon source. It is also affected by the HAP2/3/4 transcription factor complex and by SNF1 and SSN6. Previously, we ha92236605 Biochemical and genetic characterization of a yeast TFIID mutant that alters transcription in vivo and DNA binding in vitro. Arndt KM; Ricupero SL; Eisenmann DM; Winston F Mol Cell Biol 12: 2372-82 (1992) A mutation in the gene that encodes Saccharomyces cerevisiae TFIID (SPT15), which was isolated in a selection for mutations that alter transcription in vivo, changes a single amino acid in a highly co92236612 c-ets1 proto-oncogene is a transcription factor expressed in endothelial cells during tumor vascularization and other forms of angiogenesis in humans. Wernert N; Raes MB; Lassalle P; Dehouck MP; Gosselin B; Vandenbunder B; Stehelin D Am J Pathol 140: 119-27 (1992) The c-ets1 proteins are transcriptional activators expressed within endothelial cells during blood vessel development in chick embryos. The authors show by in situ hybridization that c-ets1 is transcr92117070 Promoter specificity of basal transcription factors. Parvin JD; Timmers HT; Sharp PA Cell 68: 1135-44 (1992) Regulation of expression of protein-encoding genes in eukaryotes is frequently mediated by sequence-specific transcription factors that control the activities of the basal factors and RNA polymerase I92191291 Functional isoforms of Pit-1 generated by alternative messenger RNA splicing. Konzak KE; Moore DD Mol Endocrinol 6: 241-7 (1992) Pit-1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor that activates expression of the GH and PRL genes. We have isolated a cDNA encoding a variant isoform of Pit-1 that we term Pit-1 beta. Pit-1 beta co92236631 Netropsin specifically enhances RNA polymerase II termination at terminator sites in vitro. Ueno A; Baek K; Jeon C; Agarwal K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 3676-80 (1992) We describe an in vitro system that emulates the specific and efficient transcriptional termination associated with the human gastrin gene terminator in vivo. The system involves a dC-tailed DNA templ92237231 Identification of multiple SRF N-terminal phosphorylation sites affecting DNA binding properties. Janknecht R; Hipskind RA; Houthaeve T; Nordheim A; Stunnenberg HG EMBO J 11: 1045-54 (1992) Human serum response factor (SRF) bearing a histidine tag was expressed using vaccinia virus. The recombinant protein was purified and shown to be phosphorylated mainly in its N-terminal part. The cor92191991 A conserved regulatory unit implicated in tissue-specific gene expression in Drosophila and man. Falb D; Maniatis T Genes Dev 6: 454-65 (1992) The Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) gene is expressed in a specific set of tissues during larval development and in adults. Expression in the adult fat body is controlled by the Ad92192457 Genes encoding transcription factor IIIA and the RNA polymerase common subunit RPB6 are divergently transcribed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Woychik NA; Young RA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 3999-4003 (1992) The gene encoding Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor TFIIIA has been found adjacent to RPB6, a gene that specifies a subunit shared by nuclear RNA polymerases. Analysis of DNA upstream of t92237295 A genetic system for studying the activity of a proteolytic enzyme. Dasmahapatra B; DiDomenico B; Dwyer S; Ma J; Sadowski I; Schwartz J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 4159-62 (1992) We describe a genetic system for monitoring the activity of a specific proteolytic enzyme by taking advantage of the properties of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4. The GAL4 protein contains t92237326 Mutations of the phage lambda nutL region that prevent the action of Nun, a site-specific transcription termination factor. Baron J; Weisberg RA J Bacteriol 174: 1983-9 (1992) Phage HK022 encodes a protein, Nun, that promotes transcription termination within the pL and pR operons of its relative, phage lambda. The lambda sequences required for termination had previously bee92193288 Induction of HSP70 gene expression by the antiproliferative prostaglandin PGA2: a growth-dependent response mediated by activation of heat shock transcription factor. Holbrook NJ; Carlson SG; Choi AM; Fargnoli J Mol Cell Biol 12: 1528-34 (1992) Prostaglandins (PG) of the A series are potent inhibitors of cell proliferation. Recently, it was shown that PGA2-induced growth arrest was associated with the increased synthesis of stress proteins e92195297 Chromatin as an essential part of the transcriptional mechanism. Felsenfeld G Nature 355: 219-24 (1992) The increasingly detailed biochemical definition of the protein complexes that regulate gene transcription has led to the re-emergence of questions about the role of histones. Much recent evidence sug92114960 Interaction of acute-phase-inducible and liver-enriched nuclear factors with the promoter region of the mouse alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene-1. Alam T; Papaconstantinou J Biochemistry 31: 1928-36 (1992) The synthesis and secretion of several acute-phase proteins increases markedly following physiological stress. alpha 1-Acid glycoprotein (AGP), a major acute-phase reactant made by the liver, is stron92162690 In vitro activity of the transcription activation functions of the progesterone receptor. Evidence for intermediary factors. Shemshedini L; Ji JW; Brou C; Chambon P; Gronemeyer H J Biol Chem 267: 1834-9 (1992) The human progesterone receptor (hPR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor which contains two distinct transcription activation functions (TAFs). The full-length hPR and its individual TAFs were92112910 Diverse transcriptional functions of the multisubunit eukaryotic TFIID complex. Pugh BF; Tjian R J Biol Chem 267: 679-82 (1992) 92112791 Differential phosphorylation and localization of the transcription factor UBF in vivo in response to serum deprivation. In vitro dephosphorylation of UBF reduces its transactivation properties. O'Mahony DJ; Xie WQ; Smith SD; Singer HA; Rothblum LI J Biol Chem 267: 35-8 (1992) We have analyzed the expression, phosphorylation, and localization of the ribosomal DNA transcription factors UBF1 and UBF2 in Chinese hamster ovary cells in response to serum deprivation. In vivo lab92112675 The general transcription factor RAP30 binds to RNA polymerase II and prevents it from binding nonspecifically to DNA. Killeen MT; Greenblatt JF Mol Cell Biol 12: 30-7 (1992) RAP30/74 is a human general transcription factor that binds to RNA polymerase II and is required for initiation of transcription in vitro regardless of whether the promoter has a recognizable TATA box92107181 The lethal(1)optomotor-blind gene of Drosophila melanogaster is a major organizer of optic lobe development: isolation and characterization of the gene. Pflugfelder GO; Roth H; Poeck B; Kerscher S; Schwarz H; Jonschker B; Heisenberg M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1199-203 (1992) The X-chromosomal complementation unit lethal(1)optomotor-blind [l(1)omb] is defined by lack of complementation among over a dozen recessive lethal mutations that map to the omb gene locus. Mutations 92159016 In vitro squelching of activated transcription by serum response factor: evidence for a common coactivator used by multiple transcriptional activators. Prywes R; Zhu H Nucleic Acids Res 20: 513-20 (1992) Low amounts of serum response factor (SRF) activate transcription in vitro from a fos promoter construct containing an SRF binding site. Using this human HeLa cell-derived in vitro transcription syste92158658 DNA binding by c-Ets-1, but not v-Ets, is repressed by an intramolecular mechanism. Lim F; Kraut N; Framptom J; Graf T EMBO J 11: 643-52 (1992) The E26 avian retrovirus causes an acute leukemia in chickens and transforms both myeloid and erythroid cells. The virus encodes a 135 kDa fusion protein which contains amino acid sequences derived fr92164653 The transcriptionally-active MMTV promoter is depleted of histone H1. Bresnick EH; Bustin M; Marsaud V; Richard-Foy H; Hager GL Nucleic Acids Res 20: 273-8 (1992) We have used an ultraviolet light cross-linking and immunoadsorption assay to demonstrate that histones H1 and H2B are bound to the repressed MMTV promoter. Hormone activation results in reduced H1 co92158613 Differential expression of oocyte-type class III genes with fraction TFIIIC from immature or mature oocytes. Reynolds WF; Johnson DL Mol Cell Biol 12: 946-53 (1992) The Xenopus OAX genes can be expressed in oocytes but are virtually inactive in somatic tissues. The tRNA(Met1) (tMET) genes also appear to be developmentally regulated. We have examined the reason fo92186879 Demonstration of a testis-specific trans-acting factor Tet-1 in vitro that binds to the promoter of the mouse protamine 1 gene. Tamura T; Makino Y; Mikoshiba K; Muramatsu M J Biol Chem 267: 4327-32 (1992) We have established testis-specific in vitro transcription of the mouse protamine 1 (MP1) gene using rat testis nuclear extracts. Addition of testis nuclear extracts to brain extracts enhanced transcr92165779 A member of the C/EBP family, NF-IL6 beta, forms a heterodimer and transcriptionally synergizes with NF-IL6. Kinoshita S; Akira S; Kishimoto T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1473-6 (1992) Using a DNA probe from the DNA-binding portion of the NF-IL6 gene and an antibody against the DNA-binding domain of NF-IL6, we isolated a gene homologous to NF-IL6 in the DNA-binding and leucine zippe92159071 Sustained induction of egr-1 by v-src correlates with a lack of fos-mediated repression of the egr-1 promoter. Qureshi SA; Rim MH; Alexandropoulos K; Berg K; Sukhatme VP; Foster DA Oncogene 7: 121-5 (1992) Serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts leads to a transient induction of the transcription factor egr-1. However, the induction of egr-1 by v-src was found to be sustained rather than transient. T92158348 Transcription factor eUSF is an essential component of isolated transcription complexes on the duck histone H5 gene and it mediates the interaction of TFIID with a TATA-deficient promoter. Bungert J; Kober I; During F; Seifart KH J Mol Biol 223: 885-98 (1992) We analysed the formation of transcription complexes on the H5 gene of the duck which is efficiently transcribed in HeLa cell extracts in vitro. Upon deletion of its TATA-box, the fidelity of transcri92167267 Inhibition of estrogen receptor action by a naturally occurring variant in human breast tumors. Fuqua SA; Fitzgerald SD; Allred DC; Elledge RM; Nawaz Z; McDonnell DP; O'Malley BW; Greene GL; McGuire WL Cancer Res 52: 483-6 (1992) It is fairly well accepted that the presence of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) identifies breast cancer patients with a lower risk of relapse and better overall survival. But p92097122 Characterization of the Antirrhinum floral homeotic MADS-box gene deficiens: evidence for DNA binding and autoregulation of its persistent expression throughout flower development. Schwarz-Sommer Z; Hue I; Huijser P; Flor PJ; Hansen R; Tetens F; Lonnig WE; Saedler H; Sommer H EMBO J 11: 251-63 (1992) We have determined the structure of the floral homeotic deficiens (defA) gene whose mutants display sepaloid petals and carpelloid stamens, and have analysed its spatial and temporal expression patter92155166 Transcriptional regulation during T-cell development: the alpha TCR gene as a molecular model. Leiden JM Immunol Today 13: 22-30 (1992) The regulation of gene expression during lymphocyte differentiation is a complex process involving interactions between multiple positive and negative transcriptional regulatory elements. In this arti92153263 T cell-specific negative regulation of transcription of the human cytokine IL-4. Li-Weber M; Eder A; Krafft-Czepa H; Krammer PH J Immunol 148: 1913-8 (1992) IL-4 secreted by activated T cells is a pleiotropic cytokine affecting growth and differentiation of diverse cell types such as T cells, B cells, and mast cells. We investigated the upstream regulator92176657 Regulation of glycine tRNA gene expression in the posterior silk glands of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Taneja R; Gopalkrishnan R; Gopinathan KP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1070-4 (1992) The glycine tRNA genes in silkworm Bombyx mori contain two regulatory regions upstream of the transcription start site as identified by direct transcription of 5' deletion mutants, transcription compe92141204 Polymerase II promoter activation: closed complex formation and ATP-driven start site opening. Wang W; Carey M; Gralla JD Science 255: 450-3 (1992) Studies on bacterial RNA polymerases have divided the initiation pathway into three steps, namely (i) promoter binding to form the closed complex; (ii) DNA melting to form an open complex, and (iii) m92132549 An ATF/CREB binding site protein is required for virus induction of the human interferon beta gene. Du W; Maniatis T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 2150-4 (1992) We report the characterization of a distinct regulatory element of the human interferon beta (HuIFN-beta) gene promoter, which we designate PRDIV (positive regulatory domain IV). In previous studies, 92196075 Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgB, which modulates the expression of alginate, is a member of the NtrC subclass of prokaryotic regulators. Goldberg JB; Dahnke T Mol Microbiol 6: 59-66 (1992) The Pseudomonas aeruginosa exopolysaccharide alginate is an important virulence factor in chronic pulmonary infections of cystic fibrosis patients. We determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene, a92149314 The 65-kDa subunit of human NF-kappa B functions as a potent transcriptional activator and a target for v-Rel-mediated repression. Ballard DW; Dixon EP; Peffer NJ; Bogerd H; Doerre S; Stein B; Greene WC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1875-9 (1992) Molecular cloning of the polypeptide component of the Rel-related human p75 nucleoprotein complex has revealed its identity with the 65-kDa (p65) subunit of NF-kappa B. Functional analyses of chimeric92179285 A presumptive helicase (MOT1 gene product) affects gene expression and is required for viability in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Davis JL; Kunisawa R; Thorner J Mol Cell Biol 12: 1879-92 (1992) Exposure of a haploid yeast cell to mating pheromone induces transcription of a set of genes. Induction is mediated through a cis-acting DNA sequence found upstream of all pheromone-responsive genes. 92195335 Assignment of a yeast protein necessary for mitochondrial transcription initiation. Xu B; Clayton DA Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1053-9 (1992) Yeast mitochondrial DNA contains multiple promoters that are responsible for expression of its genes. The basic yeast mitochondrial promoter consists of a nonanucleotide consensus sequence [5'-ATATAAG92195804 Evidence that nucleosomes on the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter adopt specific translational positions. Bresnick EH; Rories C; Hager GL Nucleic Acids Res 20: 865-70 (1992) We have previously demonstrated that an array of six nucleosomes are phased on the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) long terminal repeat (1,2). In this study, we devised a new assay to measure the tra92178985 Thyroid hormone receptor transcriptional activity is potentially autoregulated by truncated forms of the receptor. Bigler J; Hokanson W; Eisenman RN Mol Cell Biol 12: 2406-17 (1992) ErbA/thyroid hormone receptor is a nuclear receptor that can affect transcription from promoters containing a thyroid hormone response element (TRE) in a thyroid hormone (T3)-dependent manner. We repo92236616 Nuclear factor I enhances adenovirus DNA replication by increasing the stability of a preinitiation complex. Mul YM; Van der Vliet PC EMBO J 11: 751-60 (1992) Nuclear factor I (NFI) or its isolated DNA-binding domain (NFI-BD) enhances initiation of adenovirus DNA replication up to 50-fold at low concentrations of the precursor terminal protein-DNA polymeras92164665 Hormonal regulation of major histocompatibility complex class I genes in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells: thyroid-stimulating hormone induces a cAMP-mediated decrease in class I expression. Saji M; Moriarty J; Ban T; Kohn LD; Singer DS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1944-8 (1992) Thyrocytes normally express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, but not class II, cell surface antigens. A rat thyrocyte cell line, FRTL-5, also expresses MHC class I antigens, in addition92179298 Expression cloning of a novel zinc finger protein that binds to the c-fos serum response element. Attar RM; Gilman MZ Mol Cell Biol 12: 2432-43 (1992) Induction of c-fos transcription by serum growth factors requires the serum response element (SRE). The SRE is a multifunctional element which responds to several positively and negatively acting sign92236619 Determination of the DNA binding site of the GAL4 protein. A photo-CIDNP study. Serikawa Y; Shirakawa M; Kyogoku Y FEBS Lett 299: 205-8 (1992) After the assignment of 1H NMR signals of aromatic side chains by means of specific deuteration, we analyzed the DNA binding site of GAL4 by measuring photo-CIDNP spectra. The results showed that Trp392183937 Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase during liver regeneration. Rosa JL; Tauler A; Lange AJ; Pilkis SJ; Bartrons R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 3746-50 (1992) The control of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK-2/FBPase-2; EC 2.7.1.105/3.1.3.46) gene expression during liver regeneration was studied. The level of PFK-2/FBPase-2 mRNA decr92237245 Induced synthesis of O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase in rat hepatoma cells exposed to DNA-damaging agents. Fukuhara M; Hayakawa H; Sakumi K; Sekiguchi M Jpn J Cancer Res 83: 72-7 (1992) When the rat hepatoma cell line H4IIE was treated with DNA-damaging agents such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), ultraviolet light and gamma-rays, the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransfe92184674 Identification of nucleotide preferences in DNA sequences recognised specifically by c-Ets-1 protein. Woods DB; Ghysdael J; Owen MJ Nucleic Acids Res 20: 699-704 (1992) The protooncogene Ets-1 is a member of the c-Ets family of genes originally identified through their sequence homology to the v-ets gene of the avian erythroblastosis virus E26. Ets-like factors are c92178962 Altered binding of regulatory factors to HLA class I enhancer sequence in human tumor cell lines lacking class I antigen expression. Blanchet O; Bourge JF; Zinszner H; Israel A; Kourilsky P; Dausset J; Degos L; Paul P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 3488-92 (1992) Class I antigens encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (HLA in man, H-2 in the mouse) play a key role in the recognition of target cells by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Tumor cells frequen92228811 Participation of non-zinc finger residues in DNA binding by two nuclear orphan receptors. Wilson TE; Paulsen RE; Padgett KA; Milbrandt J Science 256: 107-10 (1992) Steroid-thyroid hormone receptors typically bind as dimers to DNA sequences that contain repeated elements termed half-sites. NGFI-B, an early response protein and orphan member of this receptor super92229411 Glucocorticoid induction of CRE-binding protein isoform mRNAs in rat C6 glioma cells. Jungmann RA; Wang XS; Milkowski DM; Short ML Nucleic Acids Res 20: 825-9 (1992) Mammalian cells express several distinct isoforms of transcription factor CREB (cAMP-responsive element binding protein). At least two forms, alpha- and delta CREB, arise through alternative splicing 92178979 Uracil interference, a rapid and general method for defining protein-DNA interactions involving the 5-methyl group of thymines: the GCN4-DNA complex. Pu WT; Struhl K Nucleic Acids Res 20: 771-5 (1992) We describe a novel uracil interference method for examining protein contacts with the 5-methyl group of thymines. The protein of interest is incubated with target DNA containing randomly distributed 92178971 Hexamethylene bisacetamide stimulates herpes simplex virus immediate early gene expression in the absence of trans-induction by Vmw65. McFarlane M; Daksis JI; Preston CM J Gen Virol 73 ( Pt 2): 285-92 (1992) Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) and DMSO are known to induce differentiation of cultured erythroleukaemic cells and to enhance the reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus (HSV) after explantatio92166735 Transactivation of erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 by a myb-ets-containing retrovirus. Aurigemma RE; Blair DG; Ruscetti SK J Virol 66: 3056-61 (1992) ME26 virus is a recombinant mouse retrovirus construct homologous to the avian E26 virus. Both encode a 135-kDa gag-myb-ets fusion protein which is localized in the nucleus. We have recently shown tha92219394 Two promoters in the bovine adrenodoxin gene and the role of associated, unique cAMP-responsive sequences. Chen JY; Waterman MR Biochemistry 31: 2400-7 (1992) The bovine adrenodoxin gene gives rise to two species of mRNA differing only at their 5'-ends. The synthesis of these two types of mRNA in bovine adrenal cortical cells is regulated transcriptionally 92172866 Nuclear factor I is specifically targeted to discrete subnuclear sites in adenovirus type 2-infected cells. Bosher J; Dawson A; Hay RT J Virol 66: 3140-50 (1992) During the S phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle and in virus-infected cells, DNA replication takes place at discrete sites in the nucleus, although it is not clear how the proteins involved in the rep92219405 Isolation and characterization of nuclear proteins that bind to T cell receptor V beta decamer motif. Lee MR; Chung CS; Liou ML; Wu M; Li WF; Hsueh YP; Lai MZ J Immunol 148: 1906-12 (1992) TCR V beta promoter contains a highly conserved decamer homologous to cAMP response element (CRE). Recent studies have identified this CRE decamer as the dominant transcription-activating element with92176656 Efficient synthesis of secreted murine interleukin-2 by Saccharomyces cerevisiae: influence of 3'-untranslated regions and codon usage. Demolder J; Fiers W; Contreras R Gene 111: 207-13 (1992) Several expression vectors were compared which directed the synthesis of secreted murine interleukin-2 (mIL2) in the culture medium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We used the prepro-sequence of the alph92175524 Specific interaction of the first three zinc fingers of TFIIIA with the internal control region of the Xenopus 5 S RNA gene. Liao XB; Clemens KR; Tennant L; Wright PE; Gottesfeld JM J Mol Biol 223: 857-71 (1992) A DNA plasmid encoding the first 101 amino acid residues of the Xenopus 5 S RNA gene-specific transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) was derived by polymerase chain reaction amplification of this region f92167265 Interactions between proteins bound to the duck beta A-globin gene promoter and enhancer detected by the DNaseI footprinting. Cvekl A; Paces V Gene 110: 225-8 (1992) The duck beta A-globin (beta AGLB) enhancer was closely linked to the duck beta A-GLB promoter, and the construct was used to study binding of nuclear proteins to specific sites of these regulatory el92165063 Regulatory elements in the promoter region of vgf, a nerve growth factor-inducible gene. Possenti R; Di Rocco G; Nasi S; Levi A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 3815-9 (1992) vgf, a gene coding for a protein secreted through the regulated pathway, is rapidly up-modulated by nerve growth factor in PC12 cells and is expressed in vivo only in cell subpopulations of neuronal a92237259 Molecular characterization of helix-loop-helix peptides. Anthony-Cahill SJ; Benfield PA; Fairman R; Wasserman ZR; Brenner SL; Stafford WF 3d; Altenbach C; Hubbell WL; DeGrado WF Science 255: 979-83 (1992) A class of regulators of eukaryotic gene expression contains a conserved amino acid sequence responsible for protein oligomerization and binding to DNA. This structure consists of an arginine- and lys92188160 Molecular cloning and characterization of an interferon induced human cDNA with sequence homology to a mammalian peptide chain release factor. Buwitt U; Flohr T; Bottger EC EMBO J 11: 489-96 (1992) Here we report the molecular cloning of several related human cDNAs from which a full-length sequence can be determined. The cDNAs encode a 2.8 kb mRNA that is strongly induced by interferon (IFN) gam92164636 Hormonal regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels in cultured rat granulosa cells. Tilly JL; LaPolt PS; Hsueh AJ Endocrinology 130: 1296-302 (1992) The maturation of ovarian granulosa cells is dependent upon the pituitary gonadotropin FSH, the actions of which are mediated via specific plasma membrane receptors. To study the regulation of ovarian92164520 The ontogeny of peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor gene expression in the mouse and rat. Beck F; Plummer S; Senior PV; Byrne S; Green S; Brammar WJ Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 247: 83-7 (1992) The expression of the gene coding for peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), a novel transacting factor belonging to the steroid superfamily, has been determined in the mouse and rat throu92237372 Functional characterization of a hybrid human-mouse interferon gamma receptor: evidence for species-specific interaction of the extracellular receptor domain with a putative signal transducer. Hemmi S; Merlin G; Aguet M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 2737-41 (1992) The human interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) receptor expressed in mouse cells displays binding properties indistinguishable from those of the resident receptor on human cells. Still, mouse cells expressing92212904 Interference of pathway specific transcription factors. Ponta H; Cato AC; Herrlich P Biochim Biophys Acta 1129: 255-61 (1992) A mechanism for reversibility of cellular decisions, e.g., proliferation or differentiation, is mediated by direct interference of pathway-specific transcription factors. Due to the relative activity 92162743 An 11-base-pair DNA sequence motif apparently unique to the human interleukin 4 gene confers responsiveness to T-cell activation signals. Abe E; De Waal Malefyt R; Matsuda I; Arai K; Arai N Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 2864-8 (1992) We have identified a DNA segment that confers responsiveness to antigen stimulation signals on the human interleukin (IL) 4 gene in Jurkat cells. The human IL-4 gene, of 10 kilobases, is composed of f92212930 Involvement of the putative hematopoietic transcription factor SCL in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Aplan PD; Lombardi DP; Reaman GH; Sather HN; Hammond GD; Kirsch IR Blood 79: 1327-33 (1992) The SCL gene, initially discovered at the site of a translocation breakpoint associated with the development of a stem cell leukemia, encodes a protein that contains the highly conserved basic helix-l92163103 Molecular pathways of steroid receptor action. O'Malley BW; Tsai MJ Biol Reprod 46: 163-7 (1992) Over the past two decades, a great deal of evidence has accumulated in favor of the hypothesis that steroid hormones act at the level of nuclear DNA to regulate gene expression (Jensen EV, Suzuki T, K92162910 Cloning and sequencing of a COUP transcription factor gene expressed in Xenopus embryos. Matharu PJ; Sweeney GE Biochim Biophys Acta 1129: 331-4 (1992) A cDNA clone encoding COUP transcription factor, a member of the steroid/thyroid receptor superfamily, has been isolated from a Xenopus neurula (stage 17 embryo) library. Sequencing of this clone reve92162754 Familial case with sequence variant in the testis-determining region associated with two sex phenotypes. Vilain E; McElreavey K; Jaubert F; Raymond JP; Richaud F; Fellous M Am J Hum Genet 50: 1008-11 (1992) The human Y chromosome encodes a testis-determining factor (TDF) which is responsible for initiating male sex determination. Recently a region of the Y chromosome (SRY) was identified as part of the T92238481 Control of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway by a novel family of nuclear hormone receptors. Dreyer C; Krey G; Keller H; Givel F; Helftenbein G; Wahli W Cell 68: 879-87 (1992) Three novel members of the Xenopus nuclear hormone receptor superfamily have been cloned. They are related to each other and similar to the group of receptors that includes those for thyroid hormones,92191267 Neocarzinostatin-mediated DNA damage in a model AGT.ACT site: mechanistic studies of thiol-sensitive partitioning of C4' DNA damage products. Dedon PC; Jiang ZW; Goldberg IH Biochemistry 31: 1917-27 (1992) Double-strand (DS) DNA damage caused by neocarzinostatin (NCS) has been studied in the trinucleotide AGT-ACT sequence in an AP-1 transcription factor binding site. There are strong similarities betwee92162689 Synergistic action of interleukin-6 and glucocorticoids is mediated by the interleukin-6 response element of the rat alpha 2 macroglobulin gene. Hocke GM; Barry D; Fey GH Mol Cell Biol 12: 2282-94 (1992) One class of genes coding for the acute-phase proteins (acute-phase genes) is induced by interleukin 6 (IL-6) through the human transcription factor NF-IL-6 and its rat homolog IL-6-DBP/LAP. A second 92236603 Evolutionarily conserved Ets family members display distinct DNA binding specificities. Wang CY; Petryniak B; Ho IC; Thompson CB; Leiden JM J Exp Med 175: 1391-9 (1992) Members of the Ets family of proto-oncogenes encode sequence-specific transcription factors that bind to a purine-rich motif centered around a conserved GGA trinucleotide. Ets binding sites have been 92235620 skn-1, a maternally expressed gene required to specify the fate of ventral blastomeres in the early C. elegans embryo. Bowerman B; Eaton BA; Priess JR Cell 68: 1061-75 (1992) By the 4-cell stage of C. elegans embryogenesis, a ventral blastomere, called EMS, is already committed to producing pharyngeal and intestinal cell types. Recessive, maternal-effect mutations in the g92191285 Transcription termination by RNA polymerase III: uncoupling of polymerase release from termination signal recognition. Campbell FE Jr; Setzer DR Mol Cell Biol 12: 2260-72 (1992) Xenopus RNA polymerase III specifically initiates transcription on poly(dC)-tailed DNA templates in the absence of other class III transcription factors normally required for transcription initiation.92236601 Tissue-specific gene expression in the pituitary: the glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit gene is regulated by a gonadotrope-specific protein. Horn F; Windle JJ; Barnhart KM; Mellon PL Mol Cell Biol 12: 2143-53 (1992) The molecular mechanisms for the development of multiple distinct endocrine cell types in the anterior pituitary have been an area of intensive investigation. Though the homeodomain protein Pit-1/GHF-92236589 Thyroid hormones precociously increase nerve growth factor gene expression in the submandibular gland of neonatal mice. Black MA; Pope L; Lefebvre FA; Lefebvre YA; Walker P Endocrinology 130: 2083-90 (1992) The developmental regulation of the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) was studied in the mouse submandibular gland (SMG). Having demonstrated that, in the neonatal mouse, maturation of the SMG c92191907 Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances nerve growth factor receptor gene promoter activity in human neuroblastoma cell line CHP100. Taiji M; Taiji K; Deyerle KL; Bothwell M Mol Cell Biol 12: 2193-202 (1992) The human neuroblastoma cell line CHP100 provides a useful model system in which to study the molecular mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of the low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR)92236594 Cyclin A is required at two points in the human cell cycle. Pagano M; Pepperkok R; Verde F; Ansorge W; Draetta G EMBO J 11: 961-71 (1992) Cyclins play a fundamental role in regulating cell cycle events in all eukaryotic cells. The human cyclin A gene was identified as the site of integration of hepatitis B virus in a hepatocarcinoma cel92192031 Expression of a 91-kilodalton PEA3-binding protein is down-regulated during differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. Martin ME; Yang XY; Folk WR Mol Cell Biol 12: 2213-21 (1992) Proteins binding to the PEA3 enhancer motif (AGGAAG) activate the polyomavirus early promoter and help comprise the viral late mRNA initiator element (W. Yoo, M. E. Martin, and W. R. Folk, J. Virol. 692236596 Selective translational control and nonspecific posttranscriptional regulation of ribosomal protein gene expression during development and regeneration of rat liver. Aloni R; Peleg D; Meyuhas O Mol Cell Biol 12: 2203-12 (1992) Mammalian liver development is accompanied by a transition from rapid growth in the fetus to a quiescent state in the adult. However, extensive proliferation can be induced in the adult liver by parti92236595 Different G1 cyclins control the timing of cell cycle commitment in mother and daughter cells of the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. Lew DJ; Marini NJ; Reed SI Cell 69: 317-27 (1992) Growth of S. cerevisiae cells by budding gives rise to asymmetric progeny cells: a larger "mother" cell and a smaller "daughter" cell. The mother cell transits a brief G1 phase before forming a new bu92233468 A Drosophila CREB/ATF transcriptional activator binds to both fat body- and liver-specific regulatory elements. Abel T; Bhatt R; Maniatis T Genes Dev 6: 466-80 (1992) We have identified a Drosophila transcription factor that binds to fat body-specific enhancers of alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) and yolk protein genes. DNA sequence analysis of cDNA clones encoding this92192458 High-resolution solution structure of the double Cys2His2 zinc finger from the human enhancer binding protein MBP-1. Omichinski JG; Clore GM; Robien M; Sakaguchi K; Appella E; Gronenborn AM Biochemistry 31: 3907-17 (1992) The high-resolution three-dimensional structure of a synthetic 57-residue peptide comprising the double zinc finger of the human enhancer binding protein MBP-1 has been determined in solution by nucle92232684 Complete nucleotide sequence of Tn1721: gene organization and a novel gene product with features of a chemotaxis protein. Allmeier H; Cresnar B; Greck M; Schmitt R Gene 111: 11-20 (1992) The complete 11,139-nucleotide sequence of transposon Tn1721 has been determined. It contains three 38-bp inverted repeats, and (in this order) a new orfI, a resolution site (res), genes encoding reso92192465 Organization and environmental regulation of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 hrp cluster. Xiao Y; Lu Y; Heu S; Hutcheson SW J Bacteriol 174: 1734-41 (1992) The ability of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae 61 to elicit the hypersensitive response in nonhost plant species has been linked to a cluster of hrp/hrm genes whose expression appears to be environm92193256 Differential induction of transcription factors that regulate the interleukin 2 gene during anergy induction and restimulation. Go C; Miller J J Exp Med 175: 1327-36 (1992) T cell activation requires two distinct signals. The first is delivered through the antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR), and the second is provided by costimulatory molecule(s) present on the surfa92235613 Genes involved in production of plasmidlike forms by a Bacteroides conjugal chromosomal element share amino acid homology with two-component regulatory systems. Stevens AM; Sanders JM; Shoemaker NB; Salyers AA J Bacteriol 174: 2935-42 (1992) Many human colonic Bacteroides strains carry large (greater than 70-kbp) self-transmissible chromosomal tetracycline resistance (Tcr) elements. These Tcr elements can also mediate the excision and cir92234952 D1 dopamine receptor activation of multiple transcription factor genes in rat striatum. Cole AJ; Bhat RV; Patt C; Worley PF; Baraban JM J Neurochem 58: 1420-6 (1992) Recent studies have shown that dopamine receptor agonists induce expression of Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat striatal neurons. The protooncogene c-fos belongs to a family of immediate early genes t92193843 CArG, CCAAT, and CCAAT-like protein binding sites in avian retrovirus long terminal repeat enhancers. Zachow KR; Conklin KF J Virol 66: 1959-70 (1992) A strong enhancer element is located within the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of exogenous, oncogenic avian retroviruses, such as Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and the avian leukosis viruses. The LTRs of a 92194427 The yeast SFL2 gene may be necessary for mating-type control. Fujita A; Misumi Y; Ikehara Y; Kobayashi H Gene 112: 85-90 (1992) We previously reported the isolation of the yeast suppressor gene for flocculation, SFL2 (TUP1). SFL2 gene disruption results in pleiotropic phenotypes; the sfl2 null mutation also causes a morphologi92201706 Induction of stress proteins in cultured myogenic cells. Molecular signals for the activation of heat shock transcription factor during ischemia. Benjamin IJ; Horie S; Greenberg ML; Alpern RJ; Williams RS J Clin Invest 89: 1685-9 (1992) Expression of major stress proteins is induced rapidly in ischemic tissues, a response that may protect cells from ischemic injury. We have shown previously that transcriptional induction of heat-shoc92235292 The lemA gene required for pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae on bean is a member of a family of two-component regulators. Hrabak EM; Willis DK J Bacteriol 174: 3011-20 (1992) The lemA gene of the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae is required for disease lesion formation on bean plants. Cosmid clones that complemented a lemA mutant in trans were isolated prev92234961 A collection of mRNA species that are inducible in the RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line by gamma interferon and other agents. Farber JM Mol Cell Biol 12: 1535-45 (1992) To identify genes induced during macrophage activation, a cDNA library was prepared from cultures of the RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cell line that had been treated with conditioned medium from mitogen92195298 The human T cell transcription factor-1 gene. Structure, localization, and promoter characterization. van de Wetering M; Oosterwegel M; Holstege F; Dooyes D; Suijkerbuijk R; Geurts van Kessel A; Clevers H J Biol Chem 267: 8530-6 (1992) We have recently isolated cDNA clones representing four alternative splice forms of a T cell-specific transcription factor, TCF-1. Here we report the characterization of the human gene encoding this f92235082 Nuclear factor I (NF I) binds to an NF I-type site but not to the CCAAT site in the human alpha-globin gene promoter. Zorbas H; Rein T; Krause A; Hoffmann K; Winnacker EL J Biol Chem 267: 8478-84 (1992) Methylation interference and missing contact analyses demonstrate that nuclear factor I (NF I) recognizes an NF I-like site (5'-GGG(N)6GCCAG-3') within the alpha-globin promoter rather than the adjace92235076 Mechanism of assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. Evidence for a functional interaction between the carboxyl-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and a high Conaway RC; Bradsher JN; Conaway JW J Biol Chem 267: 8464-7 (1992) Genetic evidence argues that the highly conserved carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II functions directly in the regulation of transcription of many eukaryotic ge92235073 Biochemical analysis of the B subunit of the heteromeric CCAAT-binding factor. A DNA-binding domain and a subunit interaction domain are specified by two separate segments. Maity SN; de Crombrugghe B J Biol Chem 267: 8286-92 (1992) CCAAT-binding factors A (CBF-A) and B (CBF-B) are two subunits of the heteromeric CCAAT-binding factor. Portions of CBF-A and CBF-B have a high degree of amino acid sequence identity to segments of th92235046 A gene coding for a zinc finger protein is induced during 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-stimulated HL-60 cell differentiation. Shimizu N; Ohta M; Fujiwara C; Sagara J; Mochizuki N; Oda T; Utiyama H J Biochem (Tokyo) 111: 272-7 (1992) ETR103 cDNA was cloned as an immediate early gene in the course of macrophagic differentiation of HL-60 cells stimulated by TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate). The induction by TPA was immedia92234994 Regulation of tabtoxin production by the lemA gene in Pseudomonas syringae. Barta TM; Kinscherf TG; Willis DK J Bacteriol 174: 3021-9 (1992) Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens, a pathogen of oats, was mutagenized with Tn5 to generate mutants defective in tabtoxin production. From a screen of 3,400 kanamycin-resistant transconjugants, s92234962 Alterations in mRNA levels for growth-related genes after transplantation into castrated hosts in oncogene-induced clonal mouse prostate carcinoma. Egawa S; Kadmon D; Miller GJ; Scardino PT; Thompson TC Mol Carcinog 5: 52-61 (1992) A clonal mouse prostate carcinoma was established by the introduction of the ras and myc oncogenes via the recombinant retrovirus Zipras/myc 9 using a mouse prostate reconstitution model system. A sin92181580 A lymphoid cell-specific nuclear factor containing c-Rel-like proteins preferentially interacts with interleukin-6 kappa B-related motifs whose activities are repressed in lymphoid cells. Nakayama K; Shimizu H; Mitomo K; Watanabe T; Okamoto S; Yamamoto K Mol Cell Biol 12: 1736-46 (1992) The proto-oncoprotein c-Rel is a member of the nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor family, which includes the p50 and p65 subunits of nuclear factor kappa B. We show here that c-Rel binds to k92195320 New concepts in steroid hormone action: transcription factors, proto-oncogenes, and the cascade model for steroid regulation of gene expression. Landers JP; Spelsberg TC Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2: 19-63 (1992) The past 6 years have seen a significant increase in our understanding of steroid receptor-mediated regulation of gene transcription. As a means to understanding receptors as transcriptional activator92182344 Binding of transcription factors creates hot spots for UV photoproducts in vivo. Pfeifer GP; Drouin R; Riggs AD; Holmquist GP Mol Cell Biol 12: 1798-804 (1992) Cyclobutane dipyrimidines and less than mean value of 6-4 dipyrimidines are the two major classes of mutagenic DNA photoproducts produced by UV irradiation of cells. We developed a method to map cyclo92195326 Changes in the expression of mRNAs for myogenic factors and other muscle-specific proteins in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Asher O; Fuchs S; Zuk D; Rapaport D; Buonanno A FEBS Lett 299: 15-8 (1992) The regulation of genes for acetylcholine receptor (AChR), myogenic factors and other muscle-specific proteins has been analyzed in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) and following dener92183895 Transforming growth factor beta 1-responsive element: closely associated binding sites for USF and CCAAT-binding transcription factor-nuclear factor I in the type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor genRiccio A; Pedone PV; Lund LR; Olesen T; Olsen HS; Andreasen PA Mol Cell Biol 12: 1846-55 (1992) Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is the name of a group of closely related polypeptides characterized by a multiplicity of effects, including regulation of extracellular proteolysis and turn92195331 Differential screening of a human pancreatic adenocarcinoma lambda gt11 expression library has identified increased transcription of elongation factor EF-1 alpha in tumour cells. Grant AG; Flomen RM; Tizard ML; Grant DA Int J Cancer 50: 740-5 (1992) A human pancreatic adenocarcinoma lambda gt11 expression library was differentially screened with mRNA derived from normal and cancerous pancreatic tissues. Five clones preferentially hybridized with 92184383 An essential Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene homologous to SNF2 encodes a helicase-related protein in a new family. Laurent BC; Yang X; Carlson M Mol Cell Biol 12: 1893-902 (1992) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SNF2 gene affects the expression of many diversely regulated genes and has been implicated in transcriptional activation. We report here the cloning and characterization o92195336 Two independent activation domains in c-Ets-1 and c-Ets-2 located in non-conserved sequences of the ets gene family. Schneikert J; Lutz Y; Wasylyk B Oncogene 7: 249-56 (1992) The c-Ets-1 oncoprotein is a transcription activator that specifically binds to DNA. We show, using fusion proteins with heterologous DNA-binding domains, that chicken c-Ets-1 (p68) contains two indep92195652 Biochemical analysis of UV mutagenesis in Escherichia coli by using a cell-free reaction coupled to a bioassay: identification of a DNA repair-dependent, replication-independent pathway. Cohen-Fix O; Livneh Z Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 3300-4 (1992) Incubation of UV-irradiated plasmid DNA with a protein extract prepared from Escherichia coli cells led to the production of mutations in the cro gene residing on the plasmid. The mutations were detec92228772 Analysis of proteins binding to the proximal promoter region of two rat serine protease inhibitor genes. Rossi V; Rouayrenc JF; Paquereau L; Vilarem MJ; Le Cam A Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1061-8 (1992) The three serine protease inhibitor (SPI) rat genes expressed preferentially in liver share considerable structural features and, nonetheless, are transcriptionally regulated in completely different m92195805 Evolutionary variation of the CCAAT-binding transcription factor NF-Y. Li XY; Mantovani R; Hooft van Huijsduijnen R; Andre I; Benoist C; Mathis D Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1087-91 (1992) NF-Y is a CCAAT-specific transcription factor thought to be involved in the regulation of a variety of eukaryotic genes. It shows a striking sequence similarity with the yeast factor HAP2/3. In an att92195809 A cDNA clone encoding HBP-1b homologue in Arabidopsis thaliana. Kawata T; Imada T; Shiraishi H; Okada K; Shimura Y; Iwabuchi M Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1141 (1992) 92195819 Mutations in the bZIP domain of yeast GCN4 that alter DNA-binding specificity. Tzamarias D; Pu WT; Struhl K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 2007-11 (1992) The bZIP class of eukaryotic transcriptional regulators utilize a distinct structural motif that consists of a leucine zipper that mediates dimerization and an adjacent basic region that directly cont92196046 Multiple mRNA isoforms of the transcription activator protein CREB: generation by alternative splicing and specific expression in primary spermatocytes. Ruppert S; Cole TJ; Boshart M; Schmid E; Schutz G EMBO J 11: 1503-12 (1992) We have characterized cDNA clones representing mouse CREB (cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein) mRNA isoforms. These include CREB delta and CREB alpha, of which the rat and human homologues 92224889 Transcription factor loading on the MMTV promoter: a bimodal mechanism for promoter activation. Archer TK; Lefebvre P; Wolford RG; Hager GL Science 255: 1573-6 (1992) The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter attains a phased array of six nucleosomes when introduced into rodent cells. This architecture excludes nuclear factor 1/CCAAT transcription factor (NF1/C92196588 Regulation of jun-B messenger RNA and AP-1 activity by light and a circadian clock. Kornhauser JM; Nelson DE; Mayo KE; Takahashi JS Science 255: 1581-4 (1992) The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus comprise the primary pacemaker responsible for generation of circadian rhythms in mammals. Light stimuli that synchronize this circadian clock indu92196591 Kidney aldose reductase gene transcription is osmotically regulated. Smardo FL Jr; Burg MB; Garcia-Perez A Am J Physiol 262: C776-82 (1992) Cells generally adapt to long-term hypertonic stress by accumulating organic osmolytes. PAP-HT25 renal medullary cells in hypertonic medium accumulate sorbitol through a reaction catalyzed by aldose r92197753 Ear3/COUP-TF binds most tightly to a response element with tandem repeat separated by one nucleotide. Kadowaki Y; Toyoshima K; Yamamoto T Biochem Biophys Res Commun 183: 492-8 (1992) Ear3/COUP-TF belongs to the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of nuclear transcription factors. Previous studies have identified six target response elements to which the factors of the fam92198429 A nuclear factor for the IL-6 gene (NF-IL6). Akira S; Isshiki H; Nakajima T; Kinoshita S; Nishio Y; Hashimoto S; Natsuka S; Kishimoto T Chem Immunol 51: 299-322 (1992) 92232114 DNA elements target of transcriptional factors are not restricted to long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus. Feriotto G; Volinia S; Giacomini P; Gambari R Anticancer Res 12: 65-71 (1992) In this report we show that signals for transcriptional factors are not restricted to the HIV-1 LTR, but are present throughout the HIV-1 genome. Furthermore, we identified a sequence, AGAACAGATG, hig92231538 Sequence of a 10.7 kb segment of yeast chromosome XI identifies the APN1 and the BAF1 loci and reveals one tRNA gene and several new open reading frames including homologs to RAD2 and kinases. Jacquier A; Legrain P; Dujon B Yeast 8: 121-32 (1992) We report here the DNA sequence of a segment of chromosome XI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae extending over 10.7 kb. The sequence was determined using a double-strand sequencing strategy adapted from the92221689 Differential induction of the c-fos promoter through distinct PDGF receptor-mediated signaling pathways. Salhany KE; Robinson-Benion C; Candia AF; Pledger WJ; Holt JT J Cell Physiol 150: 386-95 (1992) The multiple isoforms of PDGF induce fibroblastic mitogenesis through two distinct PDGF receptors, alpha and beta. The molecular mechanisms by which these alpha and beta PDGF receptors regulate gene e92129465 Structure and evolution of four POU domain genes expressed in mouse brain. Hara Y; Rovescalli AC; Kim Y; Nirenberg M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 3280-4 (1992) Four mouse POU domain genomic DNA clones--Brain-1, Brain-2, Brain-4, and Scip--and Brain-2 cDNA, which are expressed in adult brain, were cloned and the coding and noncoding regions of the genes were 92228768 Induction of transcription factors in somatosensory cortex after tactile stimulation. Mack KJ; Mack PA Brain Res Mol Brain Res 12: 141-7 (1992) Immediate early response genes have been shown to be inducible in the central nervous system after a variety of stimuli. Induction of these transcription factors in cerebral cortex by a physiological 92186609 Regulatory roles of Fnr, Fur, and Arc in expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase in Escherichia coli. Hassan HM; Sun HC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 3217-21 (1992) Transcriptional regulation of the sodA gene, encoding the manganese superoxide dismutase (superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) of Escherichia coli, was studied by monitoring expression 92228755 Increased dosage of a transcriptional activator gene enhances iron-limited growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eide D; Guarente L J Gen Microbiol 138 ( Pt 2): 347-54 (1992) We have selected for genes that, when present in multiple copies, enhance growth of wild-type cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in an iron-limiting medium. A gene designated FUP1, for 'ferric utilizat92226698 DNA binding activity of recombinant SRY from normal males and XY females. Harley VR; Jackson DI; Hextall PJ; Hawkins JR; Berkovitz GD; Sockanathan S; Lovell-Badge R; Goodfellow PN Science 255: 453-6 (1992) The protein encoded by the human testis determining gene, SRY, contains a high mobility group (HMG) box related to that present in the T cell-specific, DNA-binding protein TCF-1. Recombinant SRY prote92132550 Predicted structural similarities of the DNA binding domains of c-Myc and endonuclease Eco RI. Halazonetis TD; Kandil AN Science 255: 464-6 (1992) The c-Myc oncoprotein belongs to a family of proteins whose DNA binding domains contain a basic region-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) motif. Systematic mutagenesis of c-Myc revealed that dimerized bHLH motif92132554 NIT2, the nitrogen regulatory protein of Neurospora crassa, binds upstream of nia, the tomato nitrate reductase gene, in vitro. Jarai G; Truong HN; Daniel-Vedele F; Marzluf GA Curr Genet 21: 37-41 (1992) The nit-2 gene of Neurospora crassa encodes a trans-acting regulatory protein that activates the expression of a number of structural genes which code for nitrogen catabolic enzymes, including nitrate92136434 Functional study of the human thyroid peroxidase gene promoter. Abramowicz MJ; Vassart G; Christophe D Eur J Biochem 203: 467-73 (1992) Structure/function relationships in the human thyroid peroxidase gene promoter have been studied by deletion and mutation analyses and confronted with footprint patterns obtained with thyroid nuclear 92137232 SCL is coexpressed with GATA-1 in hemopoietic cells but is also expressed in developing brain. Green AR; Lints T; Visvader J; Harvey R; Begley CG Oncogene 7: 653-60 (1992) The SCL gene encodes a putative transcription factor with a basic helix-loop-helix (B-HLH) motif and is known to be predominantly expressed in erythroid cells. Here we also demonstrate expression of S92228493 Human p68 kinase exhibits growth suppression in yeast and homology to the translational regulator GCN2. Chong KL; Feng L; Schappert K; Meurs E; Donahue TF; Friesen JD; Hovanessian AG; Williams BR EMBO J 11: 1553-62 (1992) The human p68 kinase is an interferon-regulated enzyme that inhibits protein synthesis when activated by double-stranded RNA. We show here that when expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the p68 kina92224894 Detection of minimal residual disease by polymerase chain reaction in Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia following interferon therapy. Lee MS; Kantarjian H; Talpaz M; Freireich EJ; Deisseroth A; Trujillo JM; Stass SA Blood 79: 1920-3 (1992) The significance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of minimal residual disease in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph')-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) following interferon t92223368 Effect of Escherichia coli nusG function on lambda N-mediated transcription antitermination. Sullivan SL; Ward DF; Gottesman ME J Bacteriol 174: 1339-44 (1992) The Escherichia coli Nus factors act in conjunction with the bacteriophage lambda N protein to suppress transcription termination on the lambda chromosome. NusA binds both N and RNA polymerase and may92138629 The SCF and c-kit genes in Diamond-Blackfan anemia [letter] Drachtman RA; Geissler EN; Alter BP Blood 79: 2177-8 (1992) 92223405 Transcription factor TFIID induces DNA bending upon binding to the TATA element. Horikoshi M; Bertuccioli C; Takada R; Wang J; Yamamoto T; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1060-4 (1992) The TATA box-binding factor TFIID plays a primary role in the process of transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and its regulation by various gene-specific factors. Here we employ a permuted bi92141202 Differential induction of immediate early genes by excitatory amino acid receptor types in primary cultures of cortical and striatal neurons. Vaccarino FM; Hayward MD; Nestler EJ; Duman RS; Tallman JF Brain Res Mol Brain Res 12: 233-41 (1992) In primary cultures of neurons from cerebral cortex and striatum, 30 s stimulation with the excitatory amino acid glutamate elicited a 5 to 9-fold increase in immediate early gene (IEG) mRNAs. Glutama92186622 Mechanism of DNase I hypersensitive site formation within the human globin locus control region. Lowrey CH; Bodine DM; Nienhuis AW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1143-7 (1992) The human beta-like globin gene locus contains embryonic, fetal, and adult globin genes that are regulated in a developmentally timed, as well as a tissue-specific, manner. The locus control region (L92141218 Genomic variability and alternative splicing generate multiple PML/RAR alpha transcripts that encode aberrant PML proteins and PML/RAR alpha isoforms in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Pandolfi PP; Alcalay M; Fagioli M; Zangrilli D; Mencarelli A; Diverio D; Biondi A; Lo Coco F; Rambaldi A; Grignani F; et al EMBO J 11: 1397-407 (1992) The acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) 15;17 translocation generates a PML/RAR alpha chimeric gene which is transcribed as a fusion PML/RAR alpha mRNA. Molecular studies on a large series of APLs rev92224879 Bracteomania, an inflorescence anomaly, is caused by the loss of function of the MADS-box gene squamosa in Antirrhinum majus. Huijser P; Klein J; Lonnig WE; Meijer H; Saedler H; Sommer H EMBO J 11: 1239-49 (1992) Anomalous flowering of the Antirrhinum majus mutant squamosa (squa) is characterized by excessive formation of bracts and the production of relatively few and often malformed or incomplete flowers. To92224862 Identification of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog of the SNF2 transcriptional regulator in the DNA sequence of an 8.6 kb region in the LTE1-CYS1 interval on the left arm of chromosome I. Clark MW; Zhong WW; Keng T; Storms RK; Barton A; Kaback DB; Bussey H Yeast 8: 133-45 (1992) The DNA sequence of an 8.6 kb region of the left arm of chromosome I has been determined. This region, between the LTE1 and CYS1 loci, is approximately 40 kb from the centromere. There are six potenti92221690 The nucleotide sequence of mouse OCT-1 cDNA. Stepchenko AG Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1419 (1992) 92220620 Extinction of alpha 1-antitrypsin gene expression in somatic cell hybrids: evidence for multiple controls. Bulla GA; DeSimone V; Cortese R; Fournier RE Genes Dev 6: 316-27 (1992) Expression of the liver-specific alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1AT) gene is extinguished in hepatoma/fibroblast hybrids. To define the mechanism of extinction, we identified DNA sequences involved in thi92146965 Cloning of TFC1, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding the 95-kDa subunit of transcription factor TFIIIC. Parsons MC; Weil PA J Biol Chem 267: 2894-901 (1992) The yeast gene encoding the 95-kDa subunit of the class III gene transcription factor TFIIIC was cloned. This gene, termed TFC1 (transcription factor C, gene 1), was isolated by screening a lambda gt192147626 Molecular changes associated with heat-shock treatment in avian mononuclear and lymphoid lineage cells. Miller L; Qureshi MA Poult Sci 71: 473-81 (1992) The induction of heat-shock protein (HSP) synthesis in avian cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) and lymphoid system (LS) lineage was investigated by exposure to in vitro heat-shock condi92220767 Elevation of cyclic AMP levels in cell lines derived from latently infectable sensory neurons increases their permissivity for herpes virus infection by activating the viral immediate-early 1 gene proWheatley SC; Dent CL; Wood JN; Latchman DS Brain Res Mol Brain Res 12: 149-54 (1992) Immortalized cell lines derived from sensory neurons are relatively non-permissive for lytic infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) and fail to transcribe the viral immediate-early genes following 92186610 DNA wrapping and bending by a mitochondrial high mobility group-like transcriptional activator protein. Fisher RP; Lisowsky T; Parisi MA; Clayton DA J Biol Chem 267: 3358-67 (1992) Mitochondrial transcription factor 1 (mtTF1) is the only accessory protein known to be required for accurate and efficient promoter recognition by mammalian mitochondrial RNA polymerase. It activates 92147695 Changes in immediate early gene expression during postnatal development of cat cortex and cerebellum. McCormack MA; Rosen KM; Villa-Komaroff L; Mower GD Brain Res Mol Brain Res 12: 215-23 (1992) Postnatal brain development involves interactions between extracellular signals and preprogrammed genetic events. Immediate early genes (IEGs) are a group of genes that are induced by extracellular si92186619 Role of a pituitary-specific transcription factor (pit-1/GHF-1) or a closely related protein in cAMP regulation of human thyrotropin-beta subunit gene expression. Steinfelder HJ; Radovick S; Mroczynski MA; Hauser P; McClaskey JH; Weintraub BD; Wondisford FE J Clin Invest 89: 409-19 (1992) cAMP regulation of the human thyrotropin-beta (TSH beta) gene cAMP was studied in two heterologous cell lines, a human embryonal kidney cell line (293) and a rat pituitary cell line (GH3). In 293 cell92147853 cis-acting sequences required for inducible interleukin-2 enhancer function bind a novel Ets-related protein, Elf-1. Thompson CB; Wang CY; Ho IC; Bohjanen PR; Petryniak B; June CH; Miesfeldt S; Zhang L; Nabel GJ; Karpinski B; et al Mol Cell Biol 12: 1043-53 (1992) The recent definition of a consensus DNA binding sequence for the Ets family of transcription factors has allowed the identification of potential Ets binding sites in the promoters and enhancers of ma92186836 Effects of okadaic acid, a protein phosphatase inhibitor, on glucocorticoid receptor-mediated enhancement. Somers JP; DeFranco DB Mol Endocrinol 6: 26-34 (1992) The effects of okadaic acid (OA), a protein phosphatase inhibitor, on transcriptional enhancement activity of rat glucocorticoid receptor (GR) were examined in transiently transfected cells. In the ab92149573 The origin of nuclear receptor proteins: a single precursor distinct from other transcription factors. Amero SA; Kretsinger RH; Moncrief ND; Yamamoto KR; Pearson WR Mol Endocrinol 6: 3-7 (1992) 92149574 Thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone-responsive elements in the rat TSH beta gene have distinct biological and nuclear protein-binding properties. Shupnik MA; Rosenzweig BA; Friend KE; Mason ME Mol Endocrinol 6: 43-52 (1992) Two TRH-responsive elements have been identified in the rat TSH beta gene by deletion/mutation analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the gene and transfection of TSH beta-luciferase constructs into th92149576 Compilation of vertebrate-encoded transcription factors. Faisst S; Meyer S Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3-26 (1992) 92150155 A new method for the isolation of recombinant baculovirus. Patel G; Nasmyth K; Jones N Nucleic Acids Res 20: 97-104 (1992) An improved method for the isolation of baculovirus recombinants is described. The method involves the replication and maintenance of the baculovirus genome in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which92150165 Co-ordinate expression of virulence genes by ToxR in Vibrio cholerae. DiRita VJ Mol Microbiol 6: 451-8 (1992) Evolution of complex regulatory pathways that control virulence factor expression in pathogenic bacteria indicates the importance to these organisms of being able to distinguish time and place. In the92219989 The cloned promoter of the human DNA beta-polymerase gene contains a cAMP response element functional in HeLa cells. Englander EW; Wilson SH DNA Cell Biol 11: 61-9 (1992) The mammalian DNA beta-polymerase (beta-pol) gene is constitutively expressed in cultured cells as a function of growth stage and DNA replication, but is expressed in rodents in a tissue-specific fash92153309 A regulatory subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase down-regulated in aplysia sensory neurons during long-term sensitization. Bergold PJ; Beushausen SA; Sacktor TC; Cheley S; Bayley H; Schwartz JH Neuron 8: 387-97 (1992) Binding of cAMP by the five neuronal isoforms (N1-5) of the regulatory (R) subunit of the Aplysia cAMP-dependent protein kinase is diminished in sensory neurons stimulated to produce long-term presyna92153429 An alternatively spliced Pit-1 isoform altered in its ability to trans-activate. Morris AE; Kloss B; McChesney RE; Bancroft C; Chasin LA Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1355-61 (1992) Although alternative splicing has been shown to give rise to isoforms of a number of transcription factors, such isoforms have not previously been detected for the POU homeodomain protein Pit-1. Scree92220611 Analysis of the phosphorylation, DNA-binding and dimerization properties of the RNA polymerase I transcription factors UBF1 and UBF2. O'Mahony DJ; Smith SD; Xie W; Rothblum LI Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1301-8 (1992) The phosphorylation, DNA-binding and dimerization properties of both forms of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor UBF were studied and compared. Tryptic peptide maps of in vivo 32P-labeled UBF c92220602 A single transcription factor binds to two divergent sequence elements with a common function in cardiac myosin light chain-2 promoter. Qasba P; Lin E; Zhou MD; Kumar A; Siddiqui MA Mol Cell Biol 12: 1107-16 (1992) The cardiac myosin light chain-2 (MLC-2) gene promoter contains several positive and negative cis-acting sequences that are involved in the regulation of its expression. We describe here the propertie92186842 Yeast and human TFIID with altered DNA-binding specificity for TATA elements. Strubin M; Struhl K Cell 68: 721-30 (1992) TFIID is the highly conserved, but species-specific, component of the RNA polymerase II transcription machinery that binds specifically to the TATA element (consensus TATAAA). Using a genetic selectio92154685 Coordinate genetic control of yeast fatty acid synthase genes FAS1 and FAS2 by an upstream activation site common to genes involved in membrane lipid biosynthesis. Schuller HJ; Hahn A; Troster F; Schutz A; Schweizer E EMBO J 11: 107-14 (1992) A systematic search for upstream controlling elements necessary for efficient expression of the yeast fatty acid synthase genes FAS1 and FAS2 revealed identical activation sites, UASFAS, in front of b92155149 Autocrine growth induced by kinase type oncogenes in myeloid cells requires AP-1 and NF-M, a myeloid specific, C/EBP-like factor. Sterneck E; Muller C; Katz S; Leutz A EMBO J 11: 115-26 (1992) The nuclear oncogenes v-myc or v-myb specifically transform avian myeloid cells. In both cases, the transformed cells remain dependent on chicken myelomonocytic growth factor (cMGF). This factor depen92155150 Transcriptional control in hepatocytes of normal and c14CoS albino deletion mice. Tonjes RR; Xanthopoulos KG; Darnell JE Jr; Paul D EMBO J 11: 127-33 (1992) The transcription rates of the albumin and alpha-fetoprotein (alpha FP) genes were reduced to marginally detectable levels in livers of newborn or fetal c14CoS albino deletion mutant mice, which lack 92155151 Critical role of a common transcription factor, IRF-1, in the regulation of IFN-beta and IFN-inducible genes. Reis LF; Harada H; Wolchok JD; Taniguchi T; Vilcek J EMBO J 11: 185-93 (1992) Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is a protein that binds to cis-elements within the promoter of interferon (IFN)-beta and some IFN-inducible genes. We used a human fibroblast line, GM-637, to ge92155157 Characterization of a zinc finger DNA-binding protein expressed specifically in Petunia petals and seedlings. Takatsuji H; Mori M; Benfey PN; Ren L; Chua NH EMBO J 11: 241-9 (1992) In Petunia, the expression of the 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene (EPSPS) is tissue-specific and developmentally regulated. Nuclear extracts from Petunia petal contain a factor that i92155164 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 and C/EBP are essential for the activity of the human apolipoprotein B gene second-intron enhancer. Brooks AR; Levy-Wilson B Mol Cell Biol 12: 1134-48 (1992) The tissue-specific transcriptional enhancer of the human apolipoprotein B gene contains multiple protein-binding sites spanning 718 bp. Most of the enhancer activity is found in a 443-bp fragment (+692186845 Casein kinase II phosphorylation increases the rate of serum response factor-binding site exchange. Marais RM; Hsuan JJ; McGuigan C; Wynne J; Treisman R EMBO J 11: 97-105 (1992) Recombinant baculoviruses were used to express wild-type serum response factor (SRF) and a mutant, SRF.CKIIA, which lacks all four serine residues in the major casein kinase II (CKII) site at residues92155189 Role of [Ca2+]i in induction of c-fos, c-jun, and c-myc mRNA in rat PTE after oxidative stress. Maki A; Berezesky IK; Fargnoli J; Holbrook NJ; Trump BF FASEB J 6: 919-24 (1992) Oxidative stress plays an important role in various types of cell injury and tumor promotion. Cells respond to oxidative stress in many ways including changes in membrane organization, ion movements, 92155486 In vivo mutational analysis of the NGFI-A zinc fingers. Wilson TE; Day ML; Pexton T; Padgett KA; Johnston M; Milbrandt J J Biol Chem 267: 3718-24 (1992) NGFI-A is a mammalian transcription factor that contains zinc fingers similar to those observed in several other proteins, including NGFI-C and Krox-20. To define precisely the DNA binding domain of N92156104 Elongation factor-dependent transcript shortening by template-engaged RNA polymerase II. Reines D J Biol Chem 267: 3795-800 (1992) In addition to polynucleotide polymerization, DNA polymerases and bacterial RNA polymerase can also remove nucleotides from the growing end of nucleic acid chains. For DNA polymerases this activity is92156116 The core promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene confers phorbol ester responsiveness to upstream transcriptional activators. Leitman DC; Mackow ER; Williams T; Baxter JD; West BL Mol Cell Biol 12: 1352-6 (1992) Activators of protein kinase C, such as 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA), are known to regulate the expression of many genes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) gene, by affecti92186868 c-ets-1 DNA binding to the PEA3 motif is differentially inhibited by all the mutations found in v-ets. Leprince D; Crepieux P; Stehelin D Oncogene 7: 9-17 (1992) The proto-oncogene c-ets-1, one of the two cellular sequences transduced by the avian retrovirus E26, encodes for two transcription factors that activate through a purine-rich motif. The v-ets oncogen92158369 Developmental biology. Lighting up Drosophila [news] Lawrence PA; Morata G Nature 356: 107-8 (1992) 92186949 Identification of USF as the ubiquitous murine factor that binds to and stimulates transcription from the immunoglobulin lambda 2-chain promoter. Chang LA; Smith T; Pognonec P; Roeder RG; Murialdo H Nucleic Acids Res 20: 287-93 (1992) To study the specificity and identity of NF-lambda 2, a ubiquitous murine nuclear factor that interacts specifically with the promoter of the lambda 2-chain gene and stimulates its transcription, comp92158615 Molecular cloning of the chicken SCL cDNA. Goodwin G; MacGregor A; Zhu J; Crompton MR Nucleic Acids Res 20: 368 (1992) 92158629 cDNA nucleotide sequence of Sn, a regulatory gene in maize. Consonni G; Viotti A; Dellaporta SL; Tonelli C Nucleic Acids Res 20: 373 (1992) 92158634 The identification and characterization of KRAB-domain-containing zinc finger proteins. Constantinou-Deltas CD; Gilbert J; Bartlett RJ; Herbstreith M; Roses AD; Lee JE Genomics 12: 581-9 (1992) The zinc finger motif is a highly conserved tandemly repeated sequence of 28-30 amino acids that was first identified in transcription factor TFIIIA from Xenopus laevis. Subsequently, similar motifs w92217982 Unusual ribosome binding properties of mRNA encoding bacteriophage lambda repressor. Balakin AG; Skripkin EA; Shatsky IN; Bogdanov AA Nucleic Acids Res 20: 563-71 (1992) The mRNA encoding repressor cI of phage lambda is the only known E. coli message which starts directly with the initiation AUG codon. The ability of in vitro synthesized cI mRNA fragments (150 or 400 92158666 A gene family of HMG-box transcription factors with homology to TCF-1. Castrop J; van Norren K; Clevers H Nucleic Acids Res 20: 611 (1992) 92158676 Pax-2 is a DNA-binding protein expressed in embryonic kidney and Wilms tumor. Dressler GR; Douglass EC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1179-83 (1992) The murine Pax-2 gene contains a protein coding domain homologous to the Drosophila paired-box, first described in certain developmental control genes of the segmentation type. Polyclonal antibodies r92159012 Eukaryotic initiation factors-4E and -4F stimulate 5' cap-dependent as well as internal initiation of protein synthesis. Scheper GC; Voorma HO; Thomas AA J Biol Chem 267: 7269-74 (1992) Two mechanisms of initiation of protein synthesis are known. The 5' cap-dependent model requires the activity of cap-binding eukaryotic initiation factors (eIF)1-4E and -4F, inducing unwinding of mRNA92218375 Histones H2A/H2B inhibit the interaction of transcription factor IIIA with the Xenopus borealis somatic 5S RNA gene in a nucleosome. Hayes JJ; Wolffe AP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1229-33 (1992) A Xenopus borealis somatic 5S RNA gene was assembled with either the complete octamer of histones, (H2A/H2B/H3/H4)2, or the (H3/H4)2 tetramer of histones that comprises the central protein kernel of t92159022 A novel, activin-inducible, blastopore lip-specific gene of Xenopus laevis contains a fork head DNA-binding domain. Dirksen ML; Jamrich M Genes Dev 6: 599-608 (1992) The organizer region, or dorsal blastopore lip, plays a central role in the initiation of gastrulation and the formation of the body axis during Xenopus development. A similar process can also be indu92217739 Retinoid X receptor-COUP-TF interactions modulate retinoic acid signaling. Kliewer SA; Umesono K; Heyman RA; Mangelsdorf DJ; Dyck JA; Evans RM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1448-52 (1992) We have recently described the properties of direct repeats (DRs) of the half-site AGGTCA as hormone response elements (HREs). According to our results, spacing the half sites by 3, 4, or 5 nucleotide92159066 Trans-regulation of homeotic genes in Drosophila. Kennison JA; Tamkun JW New Biol 4: 91-6 (1992) Homeotic genes of the Antennapedia and bithorax complexes control Drosophila development by encoding DNA-binding proteins that regulate the transcription of target genes. Because either the presence o92207912 A human Id-like helix-loop-helix protein expressed during early development. Biggs J; Murphy EV; Israel MA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 1512-6 (1992) The interaction of helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins is known to regulate the differentiation of several different tissues, including mammalian muscle and the insect peripheral nervous system. In myobla92159079 Ligand and DNA-dependent phosphorylation of human progesterone receptor in vitro. Bagchi MK; Tsai SY; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 2664-8 (1992) The progesterone receptor (PR), like other members of the steroid receptor family, is a ligand-induced transcription factor. We have demonstrated previously that progesterone-induced binding of PR to 92212889 A general transcription initiation factor, human transcription factor IID, overexpressed in human lung and breast carcinoma and rapidly induced with serum stimulation. Wada C; Kasai K; Kameya T; Ohtani H Cancer Res 52: 307-13 (1992) A general transcription factor IID which binds to the TATA box promoter element on RNA polymerase II genes regulates and initiates eukaryotic mRNA synthesis. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction p92097095 Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding Drosophila transcription factor TFIIB. Yamashita S; Wada K; Horikoshi M; Gong DW; Kokubo T; Hisatake K; Yokotani N; Malik S; Roeder RG; Nakatani Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 2839-43 (1992) A Drosophila cDNA encoding a human transcription factor TFIIB homologue was isolated by PCR methods. The deduced amino acid sequence indicates 85% sequence similarity with human TFIIB, and the corresp92212925 Molecular genetic analysis of the Escherichia coli phoP locus. Groisman EA; Heffron F; Solomon F J Bacteriol 174: 486-91 (1992) We have cloned the Escherichia coli phoP gene, a member of the family of environmentally responsive two-component systems, and found its deduced amino acid sequence to be 93% identical to that of the 92105016 Molecular analysis of the Escherichia coli phoP-phoQ operon. Kasahara M; Nakata A; Shinagawa H J Bacteriol 174: 492-8 (1992) The phoP-phoQ operon of Salmonella typhimurium is a member of the family of two-component regulatory systems and controls expression of the phoN gene that codes for nonspecific acid phosphatase and th92105017 Tumor necrosis factor-induced reversal of adipocytic phenotype of 3T3-L1 cells is preceded by a loss of nuclear CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP). Ron D; Brasier AR; McGehee RE Jr; Habener JF J Clin Invest 89: 223-33 (1992) Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-treated 3T3-L1 adipocytes were used as a model for studying the effects of systemic inflammation on adipose tissue. Lipopolysaccharide-treated monocyte-conditioned medium o92105388 PML/RAR-alpha rearrangement in acute promyelocytic leukaemias apparently lacking the t(15;17) translocation. Lo Coco F; Diverio D; D'Adamo F; Avvisati G; Alimena G; Nanni M; Alcalay M; Pandolfi PP; Pelicci PG Eur J Haematol 48: 173-6 (1992) Recent investigations have clarified some of the molecular mechanisms underlying the t(15;17) translocation specific for acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Together with providing new insights into 92217668 Intermediate filament molecular biology. Oshima RG Curr Opin Cell Biol 4: 110-6 (1992) Epidermal keratin intermediate filaments appear to have a structural function. The functions of other intermediate filaments are being elucidated using a combination of molecular genetic methods, incl92215565 Two conserved essential motifs of the murine immunoglobulin lambda enhancers bind B-cell-specific factors. Rudin CM; Storb U Mol Cell Biol 12: 309-20 (1992) Two highly homologous enhancers associated with the two murine immunoglobulin lambda constant-region clusters were recently identified. In order to better understand the molecular basis for the develo92107183 PU.1 recruits a second nuclear factor to a site important for immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer activity. Pongubala JM; Nagulapalli S; Klemsz MJ; McKercher SR; Maki RA; Atchison ML Mol Cell Biol 12: 368-78 (1992) PU.1 is a B-cell- and macrophage-specific transcription factor. By an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and dimethyl sulfate methylation interference assays, we show that PU.1 binds to DNA sequence92107189 Cloning of a negative transcription factor that binds to the upstream conserved region of Moloney murine leukemia virus. Flanagan JR; Becker KG; Ennist DL; Gleason SL; Driggers PH; Levi BZ; Appella E; Ozato K Mol Cell Biol 12: 38-44 (1992) The long terminal repeat of Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) contains the upstream conserved region (UCR). The UCR core sequence, CGCCATTTT, binds a ubiquitous nuclear factor and mediates negative92107191 Biological activity in the repopulating rat spermatocyte after the withdrawal of gossypol treatment: III. The activity for the transcription of messenger RNA. Teng CS Contraception 45: 167-76 (1992) Mature male rats were treated with gossypol for 8 weeks after which the treatment was stopped to allow the arrested spermatogonia to revive. The arrested spermatogonia in the testes were allowed to de92217303 Association of cdk2 kinase with the transcription factor E2F during S phase. Pagano M; Draetta G; Jansen-Durr P Science 255: 1144-7 (1992) The transcription factor E2F controls the expression of several proliferation-related genes and is a target of the adenovirus E1A oncogene. In human cells, both cyclin A and the cdk2 protein kinase we92188191 Independent binding of the retinoblastoma protein and p107 to the transcription factor E2F. Cao L; Faha B; Dembski M; Tsai LH; Harlow E; Dyson N Nature 355: 176-9 (1992) The cellular protein p107 and the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) have many features in common. Most strikingly, they contain homologous protein domains that mediate interaction with the oncoproteins of 92107303 Reovirus genome segment assortment into progeny genomes studied by the use of monoclonal antibodies directed against reovirus proteins. Antczak JB; Joklik WK Virology 187: 760-76 (1992) Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (MABs) against reovirus proteins, we have identified proteins that associate with reovirus messenger RNA molecules prior to the generation of progeny double-stra92188550 Nucleotide sequence of the complementary DNA for human Pit-1/GHF-1. Tatsumi K; Notomi T; Amino N; Miyai K Biochim Biophys Acta 1129: 231-4 (1992) Human cDNA clones encoding Pit-1/GHF-1, a pituitary-specific DNA binding factor, were obtained by PCR following reverse transcription of human pituitary RNA. It is approx. 1.3 kb in size with 0.1 kb 592110389 Macrophage differentiation-specific expression of NF-IL6, a transcription factor for interleukin-6. Natsuka S; Akira S; Nishio Y; Hashimoto S; Sugita T; Isshiki H; Kishimoto T Blood 79: 460-6 (1992) NF-IL6 was originally identified as a DNA binding protein regulating interleukin-1 (IL-1)-stimulated IL-6 expression. Direct cloning of NF-IL6 showed its homology with C/EBP, a hepatocyte- and adipocy92110580 Delta-thalassemia due to a mutation in an erythroid-specific binding protein sequence 3' to the delta-globin gene. Moi P; Loudianos G; Lavinha J; Murru S; Cossu P; Casu R; Oggiano L; Longinotti M; Cao A; Pirastu M Blood 79: 512-6 (1992) We have previously described a family of Northern Sardinian descent in which the propositus was affected by thalassemia major resulting from compound heterozygosity for codon 39 nonsense mutation and 92110588 Spo0A controls the sigma A-dependent activation of Bacillus subtilis sporulation-specific transcription unit spoIIE. York K; Kenney TJ; Satola S; Moran CP Jr; Poth H; Youngman P J Bacteriol 174: 2648-58 (1992) The spoIIE operon is a developmentally regulated transcription unit activated in the second hour of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. Its promoter has an unusual structure, containing sequences which 92210510 Thyroid hormone up-regulates NGFI-A gene expression in rat brain during development. Pipaon C; Santos A; Perez-Castillo A J Biol Chem 267: 21-3 (1992) NGFI-A is an immediate-early response gene induced by signals that initiate growth and differentiation. Its mRNA encodes a sequence-specific transcriptional activator possibly implicated in the contro92112651 T-cell receptor beta-chain gene rearrangement and expression during human thymic ontogenesis. Bonati A; Zanelli P; Ferrari S; Plebani A; Starcich B; Savi M; Neri TM Blood 79: 1472-83 (1992) T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain proteins appear early (approximately 15th week of gestation) during human thymic ontogenesis. These beta-chain proteins, which appear before terminal deoxynucleotidyl 92190483 Human transcription factor GATA-2. Evidence for regulation of preproendothelin-1 gene expression in endothelial cells. Dorfman DM; Wilson DB; Bruns GA; Orkin SH J Biol Chem 267: 1279-85 (1992) Previously, we showed that the promoter of the gene encoding preproendothelin-1 (PPET-1) contains a GATA motif that is essential for activity and interacts with a nuclear factor similar in size and bi92112773 NusG, a new Escherichia coli elongation factor involved in transcriptional antitermination by the N protein of phage lambda. Li J; Horwitz R; McCracken S; Greenblatt J J Biol Chem 267: 6012-9 (1992) We have reconstituted biologically relevant transcriptional antitermination in vitro by the phage lambda N protein. This required the isolation of NusG, a newly identified Escherichia coli transcripti92210569 TNF signal transduction and TNF-responsive genes. Kronke M; Schutze S; Scheurich P; Pfizenmaier K Immunol Ser 56: 189-216 (1992) 92199009 Growth factors induce 3T3 cells to express bFGF-binding syndecan. Elenius K; Maatta A; Salmivirta M; Jalkanen M J Biol Chem 267: 6435-41 (1992) Syndecan is an integral membrane proteoglycan that putatively binds extracellular matrix molecules and growth factors at the surfaces of several cell types. Syndecan is also transiently expressed in s92210629 Okadaic acid mimics multiple changes in early protein phosphorylation and gene expression induced by tumor necrosis factor or interleukin-1. Guy GR; Cao X; Chua SP; Tan YH J Biol Chem 267: 1846-52 (1992) Okadaic acid, a phosphatase inhibitor from a marine organism, mimics tumor necrosis factor/interleukin-1 (TNF/IL-1) in inducing changes in early cellular protein phosphorylation. A total of approximat92112912 Deuterium exchange of operator 8CH groups as a Raman probe of repressor recognition: interactions of wild-type and mutant lambda repressors with operator OL1. Reilly KE; Becka R; Thomas GJ Jr Biochemistry 31: 3118-25 (1992) The rate of deuterium exchange of a purine 8CH group in DNA is highly sensitive to both macromolecular secondary structure and intermolecular interactions which restrict solvent access to the major gr92207925 An operator-induced conformational change in the C-terminal domain of the lambda repressor. Saha R; Banik U; Bandopadhyay S; Mandal NC; Bhattacharyya B; Roy S J Biol Chem 267: 5862-7 (1992) 4,4'-bis(1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid (Bis-ANS), an environment-sensitive fluorescent probe for hydrophobic region of proteins, binds specifically to the C-terminal domain of lambda repressor.92210547 Mechanisms of transcriptional timing in Drosophila. Thummel CS Science 255: 39-40 (1992) 92205313 Nucleosome arrays inhibit both initiation and elongation of transcripts by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. O'Neill TE; Roberge M; Bradbury EM J Mol Biol 223: 67-78 (1992) We have examined the effects of nucleosome cores on the initiation and elongation of RNA transcripts by phage T7 RNA polymerase in vitro. A transcription template, pT207-18, was constructed containing92114081 NF-IL6, a member of the C/EBP family, regulates E1A-responsive promoters in the absence of E1A. Spergel JM; Hsu W; Akira S; Thimmappaya B; Kishimoto T; Chen-Kiang S J Virol 66: 1021-30 (1992) A cDNA encoding NF-IL6, an interleukin-6 (IL-6)-regulated human nuclear factor of the C/EBP family, is demonstrated to complement the transactivation function of E1A. The endogenous NF-IL6 level varie92114123 Induction of polyomavirus DNA replication by carcinogens in polyomavirus-transformed rat cells: evidence that the viral enhancer is not the primary target in the induction pathway. Baru M; Shlissel M; Manor H J Virol 66: 1261-6 (1992) In the polyomavirus (Py)-transformed rat cell line designated LPT, replication of the integrated Py DNA can be induced by exposure of the cells to carcinogens. In view of the observation that enhancer92114157 A cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein (CREB2) is a cellular transactivator of the bovine leukemia virus long terminal repeat. Willems L; Kettmann R; Chen G; Portetelle D; Burny A; Derse D J Virol 66: 766-72 (1992) To gain insight into the cellular regulation of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) trans activation, a lambda-gt11 cDNA library was constructed with mRNA isolated from a BLV-induced tumor and the recombinant92114179 The TATA-binding protein and associated factors are integral components of the RNA polymerase I transcription factor, SL1. Comai L; Tanese N; Tjian R Cell 68: 965-76 (1992) We have previously shown that the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and multiple TBP-associated factors (TAFs) are required for regulated transcriptional initiation by RNA polymerase II. Here we report the b92191275 Specific inhibition of transcription by triple helix-forming oligonucleotides. Duval-Valentin G; Thuong NT; Helene C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 504-8 (1992) Homopyrimidine oligonucleotides bind to the major groove of a complementary homopyrimidine.homopurine stretch by triple helix formation. The bla gene from transposon Tn3 contains a homopyrimidine.homo92115689 Regulation of DNA replication in vitro by the transcriptional activation domain of GAL4-VP16. Cheng LZ; Workman JL; Kingston RE; Kelly TJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 589-93 (1992) Studies of DNA viruses have provided evidence that eukaryotic transcriptional activator proteins can enhance the efficiency of DNA replication as well as transcription. The mechanism of this effect wa92115706 Discrimination between related DNA sites by a single amino acid residue of Myc-related basic-helix-loop-helix proteins. Dang CV; Dolde C; Gillison ML; Kato GJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 599-602 (1992) A yeast genetic system was developed to study how the basic regions of basic-helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins distinguish between related consensus bHLH binding sites, with nucleotide sequence CANNTG.92115708 Positive and negative regulatory elements for the expression of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor-encoding gene in mouse. Izumi R; Yamada T; Yoshikai S; Sasaki H; Hattori M; Sakaki Y Gene 112: 189-95 (1992) We cloned, sequenced and characterized a promoter region of the mouse homologue of the Alzheimer's disease amyloid precursor protein (APP)-encoding gene. The promoter region is highly homologous to th92209998 Hexadecylphosphocholine induces interferon-gamma secretion and expression of GM-CSF mRNA in human mononuclear cells. Hochhuth CH; Vehmeyer K; Eibl H; Unger C Cell Immunol 141: 161-8 (1992) The effects of hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC) on secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and steady-state levels of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF mRNA were studied in human mononuclear cells. Cells from heal92208959 Functional role of TTF-1 binding sites in bovine thyroglobulin promoter. Javaux F; Bertaux F; Donda A; Francis-Lang H; Vassart G; DiLauro R; Christophe D FEBS Lett 300: 222-6 (1992) We have studied the binding of purified TTF-1 on the bovine thyroglobulin gene promoter. DNase I footprinting experiments revealed three binding sites which corresponded in location to the A, B and C 92209712 Nuclear respiratory factor 1 activation sites in genes encoding the gamma-subunit of ATP synthase, eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha, and tyrosine aminotransferase. Specific interaction of purifiedChau CM; Evans MJ; Scarpulla RC J Biol Chem 267: 6999-7006 (1992) Transcription factor nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1) was originally identified as an activator of the cytochrome c gene and subsequently found to stimulate transcription through specific sites in92202261 Early induction of DNA single-stranded breaks in cells infected by herpes simplex virus type 1. Aranda-Anzaldo A Arch Virol 122: 317-30 (1992) In cells infected with herpesviruses a series of host-cell nuclear changes can be observed in a temporal sequence, such changes include chromosome aberrations. The precise mechanism by which virus inf92117869 Characterization of the 5'-flanking region of the human brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene. Shintani A; Ono Y; Kaisho Y; Igarashi K Biochem Biophys Res Commun 182: 325-32 (1992) The 5'-flanking region of the human brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene was isolated from a human placental genomic library using the cDNA fragment for the 5'-noncoding region of human BDNF 92118032 The DNA-binding domain of the Cys-3 regulatory protein of Neurospora crassa is bipartite. Kanaan MN; Fu YH; Marzluf GA Biochemistry 31: 3197-203 (1992) Cys-3, the major sulfur regulatory gene of Neurospora crassa, encodes a regulatory protein that is capable of sequence-specific interaction with DNA. The interaction is mediated by a region within the92207935 The transcription factor E2F interacts with the retinoblastoma product and a p107-cyclin A complex in a cell cycle-regulated manner. Shirodkar S; Ewen M; DeCaprio JA; Morgan J; Livingston DM; Chittenden T Cell 68: 157-66 (1992) E2F is a transcription factor believed to play a role in the activation of genes required for cellular proliferation. Its regulation is likely important for maintenance of G0 and for the initiation of92119711 A cyclin A-protein kinase complex possesses sequence-specific DNA binding activity: p33cdk2 is a component of the E2F-cyclin A complex. Devoto SH; Mudryj M; Pines J; Hunter T; Nevins JR Cell 68: 167-76 (1992) The E2F transcription factor has been found in association with the cyclin A protein, and this complex accumulates during the S phase of the cell cycle, suggesting that E2F may play a role in cell cyc92119712 Mutant lambda repressors with increased operator affinities reveal new, specific protein-DNA contacts. Benson N; Adams C; Youderian P Genetics 130: 17-26 (1992) The binding specificities of four mutant lambda cI repressor proteins with increased affinities for operator DNA were examined. Two mutant repressors (Glu34----Lys and Glu83----Lys) have the same spec92120514 Segments of the POU domain influence one another's DNA-binding specificity. Aurora R; Herr W Mol Cell Biol 12: 455-67 (1992) The ubiquitously expressed mammalian POU-domain protein Oct-1 specifically recognizes two classes of cis-acting regulatory elements that bear little sequence similarity, the octamer motif ATGCAAAT and92123172 I kappa B gamma, a 70 kd protein identical to the C-terminal half of p110 NF-kappa B: a new member of the I kappa B family. Inoue J; Kerr LD; Kakizuka A; Verma IM Cell 68: 1109-20 (1992) A cDNA corresponding to the 2.6 kb NF-kappa B mRNA species present in a variety of lymphoid cell lines has been molecularly cloned. The deduced 607 amino acid sequence is identical to the sequence of 92191289 The Oct-1 POU domain mediates interactions between Oct-1 and other POU proteins. Verrijzer CP; van Oosterhout JA; van der Vliet PC Mol Cell Biol 12: 542-51 (1992) The POU domain is the conserved DNA binding domain of a family of gene regulatory proteins. It consists of a POU-specific domain and a POU homeodomain, connected by a variable linker region. Oct-1 is 92123180 The restricted promoter activity of the liver transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 beta involves a cell-specific factor and positive autoactivation. Pani L; Quian XB; Clevidence D; Costa RH Mol Cell Biol 12: 552-62 (1992) The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF-3) is involved in the coordinate expression of several liver genes. HNF-3 DNA binding activity is composed of three different liver proteins w92123181 Cell-type-specific expression of the rat thyroperoxidase promoter indicates common mechanisms for thyroid-specific gene expression. Francis-Lang H; Price M; Polycarpou-Schwarz M; Di Lauro R Mol Cell Biol 12: 576-88 (1992) A 420-bp fragment from the 5' end of the rat thyroperoxidase (TPO) gene was fused to a luciferase reporter and shown to direct cell-type-specific expression when transfected into rat thyroid FRTL-5 ce92123183 Sequential expression of multiple POU proteins during amphibian early development. Hinkley CS; Martin JF; Leibham D; Perry M Mol Cell Biol 12: 638-49 (1992) The octamer motif is a common cis-acting regulatory element that functions in the transcriptional control regions of diverse genes and in viral origins of replication. The ability of a consensus octam92123189 RelB, a new Rel family transcription activator that can interact with p50-NF-kappa B. Ryseck RP; Bull P; Takamiya M; Bours V; Siebenlist U; Dobrzanski P; Bravo R Mol Cell Biol 12: 674-84 (1992) We have identified a serum-inducible gene, relB, which encodes a protein of 558 amino acids containing a region with high similarity to c-Rel and other members of the Rel family. Transcriptional activ92123192 A novel mitogen-inducible gene product related to p50/p105-NF-kappa B participates in transactivation through a kappa B site. Bours V; Burd PR; Brown K; Villalobos J; Park S; Ryseck RP; Bravo R; Kelly K; Siebenlist U Mol Cell Biol 12: 685-95 (1992) A Rel-related, mitogen-inducible, kappa B-binding protein has been cloned as an immediate-early activation gene of human peripheral blood T cells. The cDNA has an open reading frame of 900 amino acids92123193 Functionally distinct isoforms of the CRE-BP DNA-binding protein mediate activity of a T-cell-specific enhancer. Georgopoulos K; Morgan BA; Moore DD Mol Cell Biol 12: 747-57 (1992) Expression of the CD3 delta gene of the T-cell receptor (TCR) complex is regulated by a T-cell-specific enhancer. A highly conserved 40-bp motif (element delta A) within the CD3 delta enhancer is resp92123199 mTFE3, an X-linked transcriptional activator containing basic helix-loop-helix and zipper domains, utilizes the zipper to stabilize both DNA binding and multimerization. Roman C; Matera AG; Cooper C; Artandi S; Blain S; Ward DC; Calame K Mol Cell Biol 12: 817-27 (1992) Southwestern (DNA-protein) screening of a murine L-cell cDNA library by using a probe for the microE3 site in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer yielded a clone, mTFE3, which is a member of the s92123207 Molecular cloning of the alpha-globin transcription factor CP2. Lim LC; Swendeman SL; Sheffery M Mol Cell Biol 12: 828-35 (1992) CP2, a transcription factor that binds the murine alpha-globin promoter, was purified and subjected to amino acid sequence analysis. Oligonucleotide primers derived from the sequence were used to obta92123208 Transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms in uncoupling protein mRNA response to cold. Rehnmark S; Bianco AC; Kieffer JD; Silva JE Am J Physiol 262: E58-67 (1992) Three mechanisms account for the rapid elevation and maintenance of uncoupling protein (UCP) mRNA levels in cold-exposed rats, namely, an increase in the rate of transcription initiation, an increase 92125449 Characterization of an R-binding site mediating the R-induced activation of the Epstein-Barr virus BMLF1 promoter. Gruffat H; Duran N; Buisson M; Wild F; Buckland R; Sergeant A J Virol 66: 46-52 (1992) In cells latently infected with Epstein-Barr virus, the switch from latency to productive infection is linked to the expression of two Epstein-Barr virus transcription factors called EB1 and R. R is a92085417 Genes homologous to ubiquitin-conjugating proteins and eukaryotic transcription factor SII in African swine fever virus. Rodriguez JM; Salas ML; Vinuela E Virology 186: 40-52 (1992) The nucleotide sequence of the 6004-bp EcoRI I fragment of African swine fever virus DNA has been determined. Translation of the sequence revealed eight closely spaced open reading frames (ORFs), thre92087485 Substitution of a TATA box from a herpes simplex virus late gene in the viral thymidine kinase promoter alters ICP4 inducibility but not temporal expression. Imbalzano AN; DeLuca NA J Virol 66: 5453-63 (1992) The role of cis-acting promoter elements associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) early and late genes was evaluated during productive infection with regard to activation of gene expression92365135 Role of the liver-enriched transcription factor DBP in expression of the cytochrome P450 CYP2C6 gene. Yano M; Falvey E; Gonzalez FJ Mol Cell Biol 12: 2847-54 (1992) The CYP2C6 gene becomes maximally transcriptionally activated in livers of postpubertal rats. We examined the role of upstream DNA and liver-specific transcription factors in regulation of this promot92269858 Host factor requirements for processive antitermination of transcription and suppression of pausing by the N protein of bacteriophage lambda. Mason SW; Li J; Greenblatt J J Biol Chem 267: 19418-26 (1992) The N protein of phage lambda prevents termination of transcription by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase at Rho-dependent and -independent terminators in the lambda early operons. The modification of RN92406891 Induction of Krox-20 expression after focal cerebral ischemia. An G; Lin TN; Liu JS; Hsu CY Biochem Biophys Res Commun 188: 1104-10 (1992) Krox-20 is one of the transcription factors of "zinc finger" family. The expression of Krox-20 was investigated in a rat focal cerebral ischemia model by Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridizati93075201 Lipopolysaccharide induces Egr-1 mRNA and protein in murine peritoneal macrophages. Coleman DL; Bartiss AH; Sukhatme VP; Liu J; Rupprecht HD J Immunol 149: 3045-51 (1992) Bacterial LPS has diverse effects on the function of immune cells, in general, and macrophages, in particular. The intracellular molecular events that mediate the effects of LPS are unclear. We undert93017923 Threshold phenomena and long-distance activation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. Laybourn PJ; Kadonaga JT Science 257: 1682-5 (1992) To explore the underlying mechanisms by which genes are regulated in eukaryotes, long-distance transcriptional activation and threshold effects were reconstituted in vitro. Long-range activation of tr92410324 Two synthetic Sp1-binding sites functionally substitute for the 21-base-pair repeat region to activate simian virus 40 growth in CV-1 cells. Lednicky J; Folk WR J Virol 66: 6379-90 (1992) The 21-bp repeat region of simian virus 40 (SV40) activates viral transcription and DNA replication and contains binding sites for many cellular proteins, including Sp1, LSF, ETF, Ap2, Ap4, GT-1B, H1693021363 Promoter specificity of the two transcriptional activation functions of the human oestrogen receptor in yeast. Metzger D; Losson R; Bornert JM; Lemoine Y; Chambon P Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2813-7 (1992) We have previously demonstrated that the human oestrogen receptor (hER) contains two transcriptional activation functions located in the N-terminal region (TAF-1) and in the hormone binding domain (TA92310980 In vitro transcription from the Escherichia coli ilvIH promoter. Willins DA; Calvo JM J Bacteriol 174: 7648-55 (1992) Lrp (leucine-responsive regulatory protein) activates the expression of the Escherichia coli ilvIH operon in vivo and mediates the repression of the operon by exogenous leucine. In previous studies, o93077446 Discovery and characterization of a new transposable element, Tn4811, in Streptomyces lividans 66. Chen CW; Yu TW; Chung HM; Chou CF J Bacteriol 174: 7762-9 (1992) Transposition of a new 5.4-kb transposon, Tn4811, of Streptomyces lividans to the melC operon of Streptomyces antibioticus on plasmid pIJ702 was discovered. The nucleotide sequence of this copy of Tn493077460 Purification and characterization of two forms of human transcription factor IIIC. Kovelman R; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 267: 24446-56 (1992) We showed previously that HeLa cell nuclear extracts contain two forms of transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) that formed chromatographically distinct TFIIIC-promoter complexes (Hoeffler, W. K., Kovelm93077534 The helix-loop-helix/leucine repeat transcription factor USF can be functionally regulated in a redox-dependent manner. Pognonec P; Kato H; Roeder RG J Biol Chem 267: 24563-7 (1992) We showed previously that the DNA-binding capacity of the helix-loop-helix/leucine repeat transcription factor USF43 is lowered dramatically under nonreducing conditions. This report defines the molec93077548 Role of MotA transcription factor in bacteriophage T4 DNA replication. Benson KH; Kreuzer KN J Mol Biol 228: 88-100 (1992) At least two bacteriophage T4 replication origins, ori(uvsY) and ori(34), contain a T4 middle-mode promoter that is necessary for origin function. We wanted to analyze the requirement of these two rep93078274 Control of gene expression in the temperate coliphage 186. IX. B is the sole phage function needed to activate transcription of the phage late genes. Dibbens JA; Egan JB Mol Microbiol 6: 2629-42 (1992) Using plasmid clones we have determined that the late control function B is the only phage function that is needed to activate a late promoter of coliphage 186, and we predict that it functions as an 93078617 Control of gene expression in the temperate coliphage 186. X. The cI repressor directly represses transcription of the late control gene B. Dibbens JA; Gregory SL; Egan JB Mol Microbiol 6: 2643-50 (1992) We have found that the repressor of 186 lytic transcription, CI, represses transcription of the late control gene B, with no involvement of the B protein itself. In clone studies we showed that CI rep93078618 Wild-type p53 activates transcription in vitro [see comments] Farmer G; Bargonetti J; Zhu H; Friedman P; Prywes R; Prives C Nature 358: 83-6 (1992) The p53 protein is an important determinant in human cancer and regulates the growth of cells in culture. It is known to be a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein with a powerful activation domain, b92310577 A nuclear factor induced by hypoxia via de novo protein synthesis binds to the human erythropoietin gene enhancer at a site required for transcriptional activation. Semenza GL; Wang GL Mol Cell Biol 12: 5447-54 (1992) We have identified a 50-nucleotide enhancer from the human erythropoietin gene 3'-flanking sequence which can mediate a sevenfold transcriptional induction in response to hypoxia when cloned 3' to a s93078744 Fission yeast pap1-dependent transcription is negatively regulated by an essential nuclear protein, crm1. Toda T; Shimanuki M; Saka Y; Yamano H; Adachi Y; Shirakawa M; Kyogoku Y; Yanagida M Mol Cell Biol 12: 5474-84 (1992) The fission yeast pap1+ gene encodes an AP-1-like transcription factor that contains a leucine zipper motif. We identified a target gene of pap1, the p25 gene. The 5' upstream region of the p25 gene c93078747 A common intermediary factor (p52/54) recognizing "acidic blob"-type domains is required for transcriptional activation by the Jun proteins. Oehler T; Angel P Mol Cell Biol 12: 5508-15 (1992) The ability of the c-Jun protein, the main component of the transcription factor AP1, to interact directly or indirectly with the RNA polymerase II-initiation complex to activate transcription was inv93078750 A REB1-binding site is required for GCN4-independent ILV1 basal level transcription and can be functionally replaced by an ABF1-binding site. Remacle JE; Holmberg S Mol Cell Biol 12: 5516-26 (1992) The ILV1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes the first committed step in isoleucine biosynthesis and is regulated by general control of amino acid biosynthesis. Deletion analysis of the ILV1 prom93078751 Molecular cloning of cellular genes encoding retinoblastoma-associated proteins: identification of a gene with properties of the transcription factor E2F. Shan B; Zhu X; Chen PL; Durfee T; Yang Y; Sharp D; Lee WH Mol Cell Biol 12: 5620-31 (1992) The retinoblastoma protein interacts with a number of cellular proteins to form complexes which are probably crucial for its normal physiological function. To identify these proteins, we isolated nine93078763 Multiple mechanisms of interference between transformation and differentiation in thyroid cells. Francis-Lang H; Zannini M; De Felice M; Berlingieri MT; Fusco A; Di Lauro R Mol Cell Biol 12: 5793-800 (1992) Transformation of the thyroid cell line FRTL-5 results in loss or reduction of differentiation as measured by the expression of thyroglobulin and thyroperoxidase, two proteins whose genes are exclusiv93078781 The TATA-binding protein: a central role in transcription by RNA polymerases I, II and III. White RJ; Jackson SP Trends Genet 8: 284-8 (1992) The TATA-box-binding protein, first noted for its association with the general transcription factor TFIID, has recently been shown to be required for transcription by all three classes of nuclear RNA 92376881 Identification of a binding protein to the X gene promoter region of hepatitis B virus. Nakamura I; Koike K Virology 191: 533-40 (1992) The X protein of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a transactivator to homologous and heterologous viral and cellular transcriptional regulatory elements. One sequence-specific binding protein, whose binding93079855 Characterization of TH3, an induction-specific protein interacting with the interferon beta promoter. Cohen L; Hiscott J Virology 191: 589-99 (1992) We report the purification and characterization of a unique DNA-binding protein termed TH3 that interacts with the positive regulatory domain (PRD) I and PRDIII domains of the interferon (IFN) beta pr93079861 Expression and secretion of Japanese encephalitis virus nonstructural protein NS1 by insect cells using a recombinant baculovirus. Flamand M; Deubel V; Girard M Virology 191: 826-36 (1992) The nonstructural protein NS1 of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) was expressed at a high level under the control of the polyhedrin promoter in Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells using a recomb93079885 [Nuclear receptors as the transcription-regulating factors] Sokol-Misiak W Postepy Biochem 38: 12-23 (1992) 92375809 Multiple octamer binding sites in the promoter region of the bovine alpha s2-casein gene. Groenen MA; Dijkhof RJ; van der Poel JJ; van Diggelen R; Verstege E Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4311-8 (1992) Using a set of overlapping oligonucleotides from the promoter region of the bovine alpha s2-casein gene we have identified two nuclear factors which probably are involved in expression of this gene an92375741 Multifunctional DNA-binding proteins in yeast. Doorenbosch T; Mager WH; Planta RJ Gene Expr 2: 193-201 (1992) 93082091 Regulation of E2F/cyclin A-containing complex upon retinoic acid-induced differentiation of teratocarcinoma cells. Reichel RR Gene Expr 2: 259-71 (1992) Retinoic acid-induced differentiation of mouse P19 teratocarcinoma cells is accompanied by alterations in the level of E2F transcription factor. P19 stem cells contain free, uncomplexed E2F and an E2F93082096 The developmental switch in embryonic rho-globin expression is correlated with erythroid lineage-specific differences in transcription factor levels. Minie ME; Kimura T; Felsenfeld G Development 115: 1149-64 (1992) During chicken embryogenesis, the rho-globin gene is expressed only in the early developmental stages. We have examined the mechanisms that are responsible for this behavior. The transcription of the 93083429 Involvement of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase alpha subunit in transcriptional activation by the bacteriophage lambda CI and CII proteins. Wegrzyn G; Glass RE; Thomas MS Gene 122: 1-7 (1992) Escherichia coli cells harbouring the rpoA341 mutation produce an RNA polymerase which transcribes inefficiently certain operons subject to positive control. Here, we demonstrate that the rpoA341 alle93083969 Growth phase and SpvR regulation of transcription of Salmonella typhimurium spvABC virulence genes. Coynault C; Robbe-Saule V; Popoff MY; Norel F Microb Pathog 13: 133-43 (1992) The 90 kb virulence plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium is required for bacterial growth beyond the small intestine to deeper tissues such as the spleen and liver of orally inoculated mice. We construct93086383 A novel transcriptional regulation mechanism in the flagellar regulon of Salmonella typhimurium: an antisigma factor inhibits the activity of the flagellum-specific sigma factor, sigma F. Ohnishi K; Kutsukake K; Suzuki H; Lino T Mol Microbiol 6: 3149-57 (1992) We have studied the molecular mechanism of the negative regulation by flgM of the late operons of the flagellar regulon of Salmonella typhimurium. A 7.8 kDa protein that was identified as the flgM gen93086423 Specific transcription from the adenovirus E2E promoter by RNA polymerase III requires a subpopulation of TFIID. Pruzan R; Chatterjee PK; Flint SJ Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5705-12 (1992) The early E2 (E2E) promoter of adenovirus type 2 possesses a TATA-like element and binding sites for the factors E2F and ATF. This promoter is transcribed by RNA polymerase II in high salt nuclear ext93087181 In vitro transcription complementation assay with miniextracts of transiently transfected COS-1 cells. Gerber HP; Georgiev O; Harshman K; Schaffner W Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5855-6 (1992) 93087216 Yeast RNA polymerase II initiation factor e: isolation and identification as the functional counterpart of human transcription factor IIB. Tschochner H; Sayre MH; Flanagan PM; Feaver WJ; Kornberg RD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11292-6 (1992) Yeast RNA polymerase II initiation factor e was purified to homogeneity and identified by biochemical criteria as the counterpart of human transcription factor IIB. Factor e was essential for initiati93087513 Phage phi 29 regulatory protein p4 stabilizes the binding of the RNA polymerase to the late promoter in a process involving direct protein-protein contacts. Nuez B; Rojo F; Salas M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11401-5 (1992) Transcription from the late promoter, PA3, of Bacillus subtilis phage phi 29 is activated by the viral regulatory protein p4. A kinetic analysis of the activation process has revealed that the role of93087535 Tyrosine phosphorylation is required for activation of an alpha interferon-stimulated transcription factor. Gutch MJ; Daly C; Reich NC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11411-5 (1992) The signal transduction pathway of alpha interferon utilizes tyrosine phosphorylation to transmit a signal generated at the cell surface to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus. Activation of 93087537 Pax-8, a paired domain-containing protein, binds to a sequence overlapping the recognition site of a homeodomain and activates transcription from two thyroid-specific promoters. Zannini M; Francis-Lang H; Plachov D; Di Lauro R Mol Cell Biol 12: 4230-41 (1992) The Pax-8 gene, a member of the murine family of paired box-containing genes (Pax genes), is expressed in adult thyroid and in cultured thyroid cell lines. The Pax-8 protein binds, through its paired 92375091 Roles of SWI1, SWI2, and SWI3 proteins for transcriptional enhancement by steroid receptors. Yoshinaga SK; Peterson CL; Herskowitz I; Yamamoto KR Science 258: 1598-604 (1992) The SWI1, SWI2, and SWI3 proteins, which are required for regulated transcription of numerous yeast genes, were found also to be essential for rat glucocorticoid receptor function in yeast; the recept93088077 Direct purification of multiple ATF/E4TF3 polypeptides from HeLa cell crude nuclear extracts using DNA affinity latex particles. Inomata Y; Kawaguchi H; Hiramoto M; Wada T; Handa H Anal Biochem 206: 109-14 (1992) We developed a method using affinity latex particles to rapidly and efficiently purify DNA-binding proteins directly from crude cell extracts. The particles are composed of a styrene core and a polygl93089492 Transcriptional regulators of Drosophila embryogenesis. Read D; Manley JL Biochim Biophys Acta 1114: 79-93 (1992) 93090823 Diversity of mechanisms in the regulation of translation in prokaryotes and lower eukaryotes. Lindahl L; Hinnebusch A Curr Opin Genet Dev 2: 720-6 (1992) Regulation of translation is used to control the expression of many essential and highly expressed genes. The known repertoire of molecular mechanisms for translational regulation is expanding. Recent93091501 The TATA-binding protein and associated factors are components of pol III transcription factor TFIIIB. Taggart AK; Fisher TS; Pugh BF Cell 71: 1015-28 (1992) RNA polymerases I, II, and III require the TATA-binding protein (TBP) to initiate promoter-specific transcription. We have separated HeLa TBP into four phosphocellulose fractions that elicit polymeras93092204 A TBP complex essential for transcription from TATA-less but not TATA-containing RNA polymerase III promoters is part of the TFIIIB fraction. Lobo SM; Tanaka M; Sullivan ML; Hernandez N Cell 71: 1029-40 (1992) The TATA box-binding protein TBP directs transcription by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases. In mammalian cells, TBP is found in at least three different complexes: SL1, D-TFIID, and B-TFIID. While93092205 Mechanism of TATA-binding protein recruitment to a TATA-less class III promoter. White RJ; Jackson SP Cell 71: 1041-53 (1992) The TATA-binding protein (TBP) is required for transcription by RNA polymerase III (pol III), even though many pol III templates, such as the adenovirus VA1 gene, lack a consensus TATA box. We show th93092206 The role of the TATA-binding protein in the assembly and function of the multisubunit yeast RNA polymerase III transcription factor, TFIIIB. Kassavetis GA; Joazeiro CA; Pisano M; Geiduschek EP; Colbert T; Hahn S; Blanco JA Cell 71: 1055-64 (1992) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase III transcription factor (TF)IIIB has been assembled from three components. An assembly pathway of these polypeptides, which specifies their interactions, h93092207 Elements required for activation of the major promoter of the human insulin-like growth factor II gene. van Dijk MA; Holthuizen PE; Sussenbach JS Mol Cell Endocrinol 88: 175-85 (1992) The human insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene contains four promoters, P1-P4. In fetal liver promoter P3 is the major promoter, which consists of a proximal region that supports general transc93093303 Identification of a transcriptional enhancer upstream from the bovine thyroglobulin gene. Christophe-Hobertus C; Donda A; Javaux F; Vassart G; Christophe D Mol Cell Endocrinol 88: 31-7 (1992) The DNA sequences corresponding to a DNaseI-hypersensitive region identified previously in bovine thyroglobulin gene chromatin (Hansen et al. (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 178, 387-393) exhibited the proper93093305 Reciprocal expression of c-jun, proline-rich protein and amylase genes during rat parotid salivary gland development. Lazowski KW; Mertz PM; Redman RS; Ann DK; Kousvelari E Differentiation 51: 225-32 (1992) We have investigated the temporal expression and cellular localization of the c-jun proto-oncogene and two major rat parotid gland secretory protein genes, PRP (proline-rich protein) and amylase, duri93093337 Evidence that SNF2/SWI2 and SNF5 activate transcription in yeast by altering chromatin structure. Hirschhorn JN; Brown SA; Clark CD; Winston F Genes Dev 6: 2288-98 (1992) Changes in chromatin structure have frequently been correlated with changes in transcription. However, the cause-and-effect relationship between chromatin structure and transcription has been hard to 93093464 Rat hepatonuclear factor PS-1 regulates tissue-specific activity of the S14 promoter in vitro. Deschamps BJ; Lawless DE; Carr FE; Wong NC J Biol Chem 267: 25167-73 (1992) We have previously identified a rat hepatonuclear factor, PS-1 that binds to the thyroid hormone responsive gene, S14. To determine whether PS-1 is involved in regulating tissue-specific expression of93094223 Structure of the human cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II gene. Early transcriptional regulation by retinoic acid. Astrom A; Pettersson U; Voorhees JJ J Biol Chem 267: 25251-5 (1992) The gene for human cellular retinoic acid-binding protein II (CRABP-II) has been cloned. It was isolated from a human placenta genomic library and is contained within one bacteriophage clone. The gene93094236 Cofractionation of the TATA-binding protein with the RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIB. Simmen KA; Bernues J; Lewis JD; Mattaj IW Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5889-98 (1992) We have investigated the requirement for TBP (TATA-binding protein) in transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III (pol III) in fractionated HeLa cell extracts. Two activities, TFIIIB and TFIIIC, fou93096574 Retinoblastoma-repression of E2F-dependent transcription depends on the ability of the retinoblastoma protein to interact with E2F and is abrogated by the adenovirus E1A oncoprotein. Arroyo M; Raychaudhuri P Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5947-54 (1992) The product of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene interacts with the transcription factor E2F. Two distinct types of interactions can be detected between the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and93096582 Structural and functional evidence for activation of a chick retinoid X receptor by eicosanoids. Eager NS; Brickell PM; Snell C; Wood JN Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 250: 63-9 (1992) The retinoid X receptors (RXR-alpha, RXR-beta and RXR-gamma) are members of the steroid-thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. They appear to function as auxil93096830 The human prothrombin gene: transcriptional regulation in HepG2 cells. Bancroft JD; McDowell SA; Degen SJ Biochemistry 31: 12469-76 (1992) The human prothrombin gene is expressed predominantly in hepatocytes. Previous work indicated that this tissue specificity is transcriptionally regulated. In order to identify the cis-acting regulator93099120 Different activation domains stimulate transcription from remote ('enhancer') and proximal ('promoter') positions. Seipel K; Georgiev O; Schaffner W EMBO J 11: 4961-8 (1992) We reported previously that the lymphocyte-derived octamer transcription factor 2A (Oct-2A or OTF-2A) activated both natural immunoglobulin promoters and synthetic promoters which contain the 'octamer93099871 SCM4, a gene that suppresses mutant cdc4 function in budding yeast. Smith SA; Kumar P; Johnston I; Rosamond J Mol Gen Genet 235: 285-91 (1992) The gene SCM4 encodes a protein which suppresses a temperature-sensitive allele of the cell division cycle gene CDC4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SCM4 was cloned on a 1.8 kb BamHI fragment of yeast ge93101132 Pit-1-dependent expression of the receptor for growth hormone releasing factor mediates pituitary cell growth [see comments] Lin C; Lin SC; Chang CP; Rosenfeld MG Nature 360: 765-8 (1992) In Snell (dw) and Jackson (dwJ) dwarf mice, mutations in the gene encoding Pit-1, a tissue-specific POU-domain transcription factor, lead to the absence of somatotroph, lactotroph and thyrotroph cells93101218 Transcription factor IIA is inactivated during terminal differentiation of avian erythroid cells. Bungert J; Waldschmidt R; Kober I; Seifart KH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11678-82 (1992) Avian histone H5 and alpha A-globin genes are transcribed much more efficiently in whole cell extracts derived from immature polychromatic erythrocytes than in extracts from mature duck erythrocytes. 93101589 Ligand-dependent conformational changes in the progesterone receptor are necessary for events that follow DNA binding. Allan GF; Tsai SY; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11750-4 (1992) Hormones and antihormones induce related, but distinct, conformational changes in the progesterone receptor [Allan, G. F., Leng, X., Tsai, S. Y., Weigel, N. L., Edwards, D. P., Tsai, M.-J. & O'Malley,93101604 A cyclic AMP-responsive element-binding transcriptional activator in Drosophila melanogaster, dCREB-A, is a member of the leucine zipper family. Smolik SM; Rose RE; Goodman RH Mol Cell Biol 12: 4123-31 (1992) In this report, we describe the isolation and initial characterization of a Drosophila protein, dCREB-A, that can bind the somatostatin cyclic AMP (cAMP)-responsive element and is capable of activatin92375081 Wild-type p53 binds to the TATA-binding protein and represses transcription. Seto E; Usheva A; Zambetti GP; Momand J; Horikoshi N; Weinmann R; Levine AJ; Shenk T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 12028-32 (1992) p53 activates transcription of genes with a p53 response element, and it can repress genes lacking the element. Here we demonstrate that wild-type but not mutant p53 inhibits transcription in a HeLa n93101660 Activation of heat shock factor 2 during hemin-induced differentiation of human erythroleukemia cells. Sistonen L; Sarge KD; Phillips B; Abravaya K; Morimoto RI Mol Cell Biol 12: 4104-11 (1992) Hemin induces nonterminal differentiation of human K562 erythroleukemia cells, which is accompanied by the expression of certain erythroid cell-specific genes, such as the embryonic and fetal globins,92375079 Transcriptional regulation by triiodothyronine requires synergistic action of the thyroid receptor with another trans-acting factor. Voz ML; Peers B; Wiedig MJ; Jacquemin P; Belayew A; Martial JA Mol Cell Biol 12: 3991-7 (1992) Human placental lactogen B (hCS-B) promoter activity is strongly stimulated by triiodothyronine (T3) in pituitary GC cells through interaction between the thyroid receptor and a thyroid receptor-bindi92375067 Phosphorylation of CREB affects its binding to high and low affinity sites: implications for cAMP induced gene transcription. Nichols M; Weih F; Schmid W; DeVack C; Kowenz-Leutz E; Luckow B; Boshart M; Schutz G EMBO J 11: 3337-46 (1992) Cyclic AMP treatment of hepatoma cells leads to increased protein binding at the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) of the tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) gene in vivo, as revealed by genomic footprint92371441 The carboxy-terminal exon of the adenovirus E1A protein is required for E4F-dependent transcription activation. Bondesson M; Svensson C; Linder S; Akusjarvi G EMBO J 11: 3347-54 (1992) The adenovirus-2 E1A 289R transcription activator protein contains a 49 amino acid sequence (designated CR3) that has been suggested to represent the minimal domain required for E1A-induced activation92371442 Phenotypic characterization of three temperature-sensitive mutations in the vaccinia virus early gene transcription initiation factor. Christen L; Higman MA; Niles EG J Gen Virol 73 ( Pt 12): 3155-67 (1992) Vaccinia virus gene D6R encodes the small subunit of the virion early gene transcription initiation factor. Three temperature-sensitive mutations have been mapped to this gene. The biochemical phenoty93107850 Combinatorial crosstalk of transacting factors binding to the L-type pyruvate kinase promoter elements analysed in vitro. Puzenat N; Vaulont S; Kahn A; Raymondjean M Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189: 1119-28 (1992) Five Dnase 1 footprints, termed boxes L1 to L5, have been characterized in the 280 bp upstream from the cap site of the L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene. They bind from 3' to 5', the factors HNF1, H93112000 Regulation of human calcitonin gene transcription by cyclic AMP. de Bustros A; Ball DW; Peters R; Compton D; Nelkin BD Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189: 1157-64 (1992) Transcription of the human calcitonin (CT) gene is markedly increased by cAMP in the TT line of medullary thyroid carcinoma. This response is conferred by 5' flanking DNA sequences located between -1393112005 Monoclonal antibodies to NF-Y define its function in MHC class II and albumin gene transcription. Mantovani R; Pessara U; Tronche F; Li XY; Knapp AM; Pasquali JL; Benoist C; Mathis D EMBO J 11: 3315-22 (1992) NF-Y is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein which, as a heterodimer, recognizes CCAAT motifs in a variety of transcriptional promoters. We have generated a panel of monoclonal and affinity-purifie92371439 SRC-related proto-oncogenes and transcription factors in primary human T cells: modulation by cyclosporin A and FK506. Granelli-Piperno A J Autoimmun 5 Suppl A: 145-58 (1992) Activation of T lymphocytes induces transcription of genes encoding for lymphokines. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene expression is controlled transcriptionally by the cooperative activity of specific trans-92368408 A common set of nuclear factors bind to promoter elements regulated by the retinoblastoma protein. Udvadia AJ; Rogers KT; Horowitz JM Cell Growth Differ 3: 597-608 (1992) A 30-base pair element within the c-fos promoter, termed the RCE (retinoblastoma control element), has previously been shown to be the target of transcriptional regulation by the product of the retino93041384 Oncogenic conversion alters the transcriptional properties of ets. Wasylyk C; Wasylyk B Cell Growth Differ 3: 617-25 (1992) The vEts oncoprotein and its progenitor cEts1(p68) belong to a growing family of transcription factors that are related by the conserved ets domain. We show here that the ets domain and adjacent COOH-93041386 Interleukin-6 and its receptor in autoimmunity. Kishimoto T J Autoimmun 5 Suppl A: 123-32 (1992) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine which acts on a wide variety of cells, regulating immune response, acute phase reaction and hematopoiesis. In accordance with its pleiotropic functio92368406 Involvement of AP1 and PEA3 binding sites in the regulation of murine tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) transcription. Edwards DR; Rocheleau H; Sharma RR; Wills AJ; Cowie A; Hassell JA; Heath JK Biochim Biophys Acta 1171: 41-55 (1992) Transcription of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), a secreted protein that regulates the activities of the metalloproteinases, collagenase and stromelysin, is activated by serum growt93042007 Signal transduction and gene control: the cAMP pathway. Borrelli E; Montmayeur JP; Foulkes NS; Sassone-Corsi P Crit Rev Oncog 3: 321-38 (1992) The transcriptional activity of a gene can be regulated by a multitude of trans-acting factors that interact with specific cis-acting elements, mostly located in the promoter regions. The function of 93042119 The proteins of ISGF-3, the interferon alpha-induced transcriptional activator, define a gene family involved in signal transduction. Fu XY; Schindler C; Improta T; Aebersold R; Darnell JE Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 7840-3 (1992) ISGF-3 is a multiprotein transcription factor that is very quickly activated in the cell cytoplasm only after attachment of interferon alpha to the cell surface. To understand the specific cytoplasmic92366558 Involvement of nuclear factor-kappa B in induction of the interleukin-6 gene by leukemia inhibitory factor. Gruss HJ; Brach MA; Herrmann F Blood 80: 2563-70 (1992) Recent studies have indicated that the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) induces secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in myeloid cells. We here show that synthesis of IL-6 by human mononuclear phagocytes 93043303 Effects of flavonoids released naturally from bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) on nodD-regulated gene transcription in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli. Hungria M; Johnston AW; Phillips DA Mol Plant Microbe Interact 5: 199-203 (1992) Nine flavonoid aglycones released from black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris 'PI165426CS') seeds and roots induced nodC::lacZ transcription in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli strains containing extra cl93043491 A transcription factor (?) joins the SH2 crowd. Steele RE Trends Biochem Sci 17: 205-6 (1992) 92367212 Dual role of the nucleolar transcription factor UBF: trans-activator and antirepressor. Kuhn A; Grummt I Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 7340-4 (1992) In a reconstituted system consisting of partially purified RNA polymerase I (pol I) and the initiation factors TIF-IA, TIF-IB, and TIF-IC, the nucleolar factor UBF (upstream binding factor) stimulates92366456 TFIIB, an evolutionary link between the transcription machineries of archaebacteria and eukaryotes [letter] Ouzounis C; Sander C Cell 71: 189-90 (1992) 93046619 PCF4 encodes an RNA polymerase III transcription factor with homology to TFIIB. Lopez-De-Leon A; Librizzi M; Puglia K; Willis IM Cell 71: 211-20 (1992) A dominant mutation in the PCF4 gene of S. cerevisiae was isolated as a suppressor of a tRNA gene A block promoter mutation. In vitro studies indicate that PCF4 is a stoichiometrically-required RNA po93046622 MAZ, a zinc finger protein, binds to c-MYC and C2 gene sequences regulating transcriptional initiation and termination. Bossone SA; Asselin C; Patel AJ; Marcu KB Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 7452-6 (1992) ME1a1, a 16-base-pair nuclear factor binding site residing between the c-MYC P1 and P2 transcription initiation sites, is required for P2 activity. A cDNA encoding a 477-amino acid zinc finger protein92366479 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha is expressed in a hamster insulinoma line and transactivates the rat insulin I gene. Emens LA; Landers DW; Moss LG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 7300-4 (1992) Systematic mutational analysis previously identified two primary regulatory elements within a minienhancer (-247 to -198) of the rat insulin I promoter that are critical for transcriptional activity. 92366449 Anatomy of a transcription factor important for the start of the cell cycle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Primig M; Sockanathan S; Auer H; Nasmyth K Nature 358: 593-7 (1992) Entry of yeast cells into the mitotic cell cycle (Start) involves a form of the CDC28 kinase that associates with G1-specific cyclins encoded by CLN1 and CLN2 (ref. 1). The onset of Start may be trigg92365823 The action of interleukin 6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor on liver cells. Baumann H; Marinkovic-Pajovic S; Won KA; Jones VE; Campos SP; Jahreis GP; Morella KK Ciba Found Symp 167: 100-14; discussion 114-24 (1992) The hepatic action of cytokines has generally been analysed in terms of the acute-phase response of the liver. The qualitative and quantitative changes in the expression of plasma proteins serve as de93048392 Signal transduction: the nuclear target. Kerr LD; Inoue J; Verma IM Curr Opin Cell Biol 4: 496-501 (1992) Fos and jun heterodimers activate the transcription of genes containing an AP-1 site. The activity of Fos and Jun proteins is regulated by post-translational modification. The activity of the rel/NF-k92360347 Advances in RNA polymerase II transcription. Zawel L; Reinberg D Curr Opin Cell Biol 4: 488-95 (1992) Multiple protein factors are necessary to mediate transcription by RNA polymerase II. Recently, a number of advances have been made in our understanding of how general transcription factors collective92360346 A maternal factor, OZ-1, activates embryonic transcription of the Xenopus laevis GS17 gene. Ovsenek N; Zorn AM; Krieg PA Development 115: 649-55 (1992) We describe the identification of an enhancer sequence and a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein required for developmental expression of the Xenopus laevis GS17 gene. Using microinjection of recomb93048826 Functional dissection of the lck proximal promoter. Allen JM; Forbush KA; Perlmutter RM Mol Cell Biol 12: 2758-68 (1992) The lck gene encodes a protein tyrosine kinase that participates in lymphocyte-specific signal transduction pathways. Previous studies have established that lck transcription is regulated by two disti92269849 Interaction of basal positive and negative transcription elements controls repression of the proximal rat prolactin promoter in nonpituitary cells. Jackson SM; Keech CA; Williamson DJ; Gutierrez-Hartmann A Mol Cell Biol 12: 2708-19 (1992) The proximal rat prolactin (rPRL) promoter contains three cell-specific elements, designated footprints I, III, and IV, which restrict rPRL gene expression to anterior pituitary lactotroph cells. Foot92269844 HAP1 and ROX1 form a regulatory pathway in the repression of HEM13 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Keng T Mol Cell Biol 12: 2616-23 (1992) HEM13 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes coproporphyrinogen oxidase, an enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway. Expression of HEM13 is repressed by oxygen and heme. This study investigated the regul92269834 New twists in class III transcription. Sprague KU Curr Opin Cell Biol 4: 475-9 (1992) Recent work emphasizes the similarity between polymerase II and III in the mechanisms of transcription. Highlights of the past year include the alignment of individual polypeptides within class III tr92360344 Myc and Max: a putative transcriptional complex in search of a cellular target. Torres R; Schreiber-Agus N; Morgenbesser SD; DePinho RA Curr Opin Cell Biol 4: 468-74 (1992) Biochemical and genetic observations have supported the hypothesis that Myc family proteins function to regulate genes important in cellular growth and differentiation. The recent findings that Myc pr92360343 Visualization of a mammalian transcription initiation complex. Welsh EA; Zahradka P; Larson DE; Sells BH; Harauz G Biochem Cell Biol 70: 291-300 (1992) Various proteins required for the initiation of eukaryotic gene transcription by RNA polymerase II have been identified and characterized, but little is known about their organization into a functiona92360236 Ribozymes acting against the transcription factor Pit-1. James HA; Turner PC Biochem Soc Trans 20: 302S (1992) 93050717 POU family transcription factors in sensory neurons. Latchman DS; Dent CL; Lillycrop KA; Wood JN Biochem Soc Trans 20: 627-31 (1992) 93050746 The interaction of RNA polymerase II with the adenovirus-2 major late promoter is precluded by phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of subunit IIa. Chesnut JD; Stephens JH; Dahmus ME J Biol Chem 267: 10500-6 (1992) Mammalian RNA polymerase II contains at the C terminus of its largest subunit an unusual domain consisting of 52 tandem repeats of the consensus sequence Tyr-Ser-Pro-Thr-Ser-Pro-Ser. The phosphorylati92268091 Identification of sites for distinct DNA binding proteins including Oct-1 and Oct-2 in the Cr2 gene. Christensen SM; Martin BK; Tan SS; Weis JH J Immunol 148: 3610-7 (1992) The murine Cr2 gene produces two distinct products in a variety of murine cell types. Both of these transcripts appear to initiate from the same position within the gene but vary from one another via 92268507 The A. tumefaciens transcriptional activator OccR causes a bend at a target promoter, which is partially relaxed by a plant tumor metabolite. Wang L; Helmann JD; Winans SC Cell 69: 659-67 (1992) Octopine is released from crown gall tumors as a nutrient source and a signal molecule for the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Some or all octopine-inducible genes are regulated by a protein92266397 Transcription by RNA polymerase II: initiator-directed formation of transcription-competent complexes. Weis L; Reinberg D FASEB J 6: 3300-9 (1992) Studies of transcription by RNA polymerase II have revealed two promoter elements, the TATA motif and the initiator (Inr), capable of directing specific transcription initiation. Although binding to t93050939 DNA supercoiling facilitates the assembly of transcriptionally active chromatin on the adenovirus major late promoter. Ohba R; Tabuchi H; Hirose S Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186: 963-9 (1992) Assembly of nucleosomes on the adenovirus major late promoter blocked initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II. However, the formation of transcription preinitiation complexes prevented subseq92360052 Gene regulation. Latchman DS BMJ 304: 1103-5 (1992) 92266087 Purified estrogen receptor enhances in vitro transcription. Nigro V; Molinari AM; Armetta I; de Falco A; Abbondanza C; Medici N; Puca GA Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186: 803-10 (1992) An in vitro transcription system was developed to investigate the mechanisms of gene regulation by the estrogen receptor (ER). ER purified from calf uterus was highly active in enhancing RNA transcrip92360029 A single amino acid exchange transfers VP16-induced positive control from the Oct-1 to the Oct-2 homeo domain. Lai JS; Cleary MA; Herr W Genes Dev 6: 2058-65 (1992) The selective association of the herpesvirus trans-activator VP16 with the human Oct-1 homeo domain is a model for differential positive transcriptional control by homeo domains. VP16 discriminates be93051326 Molecular mechanisms of visna virus Tat: identification of the targets for transcriptional activation and evidence for a post-transcriptional effect. Gdovin SL; Clements JE Virology 188: 438-50 (1992) Visna virus is a pathogenic lentivirus of sheep that is distantly related to the primate lentiviruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Replication of HIV-1 in cell culture r92263746 Promoter melting and TFIID complexes on Drosophila genes in vivo. Giardina C; Perez-Riba M; Lis JT Genes Dev 6: 2190-200 (1992) In vivo UV cross-linking and nuclear transcriptional run-on experiments have shown that a number of Drosophila genes possess an elongationally paused RNA polymerase on their 5' ends. Here, we examine 93051337 Growth hormone gene regulation by trans-acting factors. Rousseau GG Horm Res 37 Suppl 3: 88-92 (1992) The promoter sequence of the growth hormone (GH) gene binds the ubiquitous factors nuclear factor 1, activator protein-2, upstream stimulatory factor and Sp1. A pituitary-specific factor known as grow93052065 The first 22 base pairs of the proximal promoter of the rat class I alcohol dehydrogenase gene is bipartite and interacts with multiple DNA-binding proteins. Potter JJ; Mezey E; Cornelius P; Crabb DW; Yang VW Arch Biochem Biophys 295: 360-8 (1992) The rat class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene is primarily expressed in the liver. We previously showed that the liver-enriched transcription factor, the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), bin92264735 The HRAS1 gene cluster: two upstream regions recognizing transcripts and a third encoding a gene with a leucine zipper domain. Weitzel JN; Kasperczyk A; Mohan C; Krontiris TG Genomics 14: 309-19 (1992) We have cloned and characterized a 55-kb region of DNA surrounding HRAS1. It contains a cluster of two, and possibly three, genes associated with CpG islands within the 32 kb immediately upstream of H93052330 The TATA-binding protein is required for transcription by all three nuclear RNA polymerases in yeast cells. Cormack BP; Struhl K Cell 69: 685-96 (1992) Using temperature- and proteolytically sensitive derivatives to inactivate the function of the yeast TATA-binding protein (TBP) in vivo, we investigated the requirement of TBP for transcription by the92266400 A limiting factor mediates the differential activation of promoters by the human progesterone receptor isoforms. Meyer ME; Quirin-Stricker C; Lerouge T; Bocquel MT; Gronemeyer H J Biol Chem 267: 10882-7 (1992) The two transcription activation functions (TAFs) of the human progesterone receptor (hPR) have been characterized. TAF-1, located in the N-terminal region A/B, has been narrowed down to a 91-amino ac92268146 Yeast transcription factor IID participates in cell-free transcription of a mammalian ribosomal protein TATA-less promoter. Yoganathan T; Horikoshi M; Hasegawa S; Roeder RG; Sells BH Biochem J 285 ( Pt 3): 721-3 (1992) We analysed transcription of the gene for the ribosomal protein (rp) L32 of the mouse, which is transcribed in mouse L1210 nuclear extracts in vitro. The rpL32 gene lacks a canonical TATA box. Hence i92359935 The luxR gene product of Vibrio harveyi is a transcriptional activator of the lux promoter. Swartzman E; Silverman M; Meighen EA J Bacteriol 174: 7490-3 (1992) Expression of the lux operon from the marine bacterium Vibrio harveyi is dependent on cell density and requires an unlinked regulatory gene, luxR, and other cofactors for autoregulation. Escherichia c93054371 Ligand-dependent synergy of thyroid hormone and retinoid X receptors. Rosen ED; O'Donnell AL; Koenig RJ J Biol Chem 267: 22010-3 (1992) The binding of thyroid hormone receptors to DNA is enhanced by heterodimerization with nuclear proteins. One such heterodimerization partner has recently been characterized as the retinoid X receptor.93054472 Interferon-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of a latent cytoplasmic transcription factor [see comments] Schindler C; Shuai K; Prezioso VR; Darnell JE Jr Science 257: 809-13 (1992) The interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), a transcriptional activator, contains three proteins, termed ISGF3 alpha proteins, that reside in the cell cytoplasm until they are a92358244 Activation of transcription factors by interferon-alpha in a cell-free system [see comments] David M; Larner AC Science 257: 813-5 (1992) The signal transduction mechanisms of interferons (IFNs) remain unclear partly because no effect of IFN has been reproducible in a cell-free system. IFN-alpha rapidly induces the transcription of a se92358245 Co-operativity of functional domains in the muscle-specific transcription factor Myf-5. Winter B; Braun T; Arnold HH EMBO J 11: 1843-55 (1992) Myf-5 is a member of a family of muscle-specific transcription factors that activate myogenesis in 10T1/2 fibroblasts. Here we report the analysis of Myf-5 structural domains that are responsible for 92258394 Bending of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5S rRNA gene in transcription factor complexes. Braun BR; Kassavetis GA; Geiduschek EP J Biol Chem 267: 22562-9 (1992) Bending of the yeast 5S rRNA gene by its transcription factors (TF) IIIA, IIIC, and IIIB has been investigated by two electrophoretic methods that exploit the anomalous mobility of bent DNA in tight g93054554 Transcription. The tell-tail trigger [news; comment] Peterson MG; Tjian R Nature 358: 620-1 (1992) 92357133 Intron-exon organization of the NF-Y genes. Tissue-specific splicing modifies an activation domain. Li XY; Hofft van Huijsduijnen R; Mantovani R; Benoist C; Mathis D J Biol Chem 267: 8984-90 (1992) NF-Y is a highly conserved transcription factor which recognizes CCAAT motifs in a variety of genes. We report here the genomic organization of the genes encoding both subunits, which gives interestin92250488 Transcriptional regulation of the HIV-1 promoter by NF-kappa B in vitro. Kretzschmar M; Meisterernst M; Scheidereit C; Li G; Roeder RG Genes Dev 6: 761-74 (1992) NF-kappa B, purified from HeLa cell cytosol, and a recombinant p50 subunit of NF-kappa B alone (expressed in and purified from bacteria) both stimulated transcription from the HIV-1 promoter in vitro 92249769 The basal promoter elements of murine cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV gene consist of tandemly duplicated ets motifs that bind to GABP-related transcription factors. Carter RS; Bhat NK; Basu A; Avadhani NG J Biol Chem 267: 23418-26 (1992) DNA sequences required for expression of the mouse cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV) promoter were identified by transient expression of recombinant COXIV-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase const93054681 The carboxyl terminus of RAP30 is similar in sequence to region 4 of bacterial sigma factors and is required for function. Garrett KP; Serizawa H; Hanley JP; Bradsher JN; Tsuboi A; Arai N; Yokota T; Arai K; Conaway RC; Conaway JW J Biol Chem 267: 23942-9 (1992) Transcription factor beta gamma (RAP30/74) from rat liver was previously shown in biochemical studies to control the binding of RNA polymerase II to promoters by a mechanism analogous to that utilized93054759 Independent modes of transcriptional activation by the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappa B. Fujita T; Nolan GP; Ghosh S; Baltimore D Genes Dev 6: 775-87 (1992) Recombinant subunits of the transcription factor NF-kappa B, p50 and p65, were analyzed both for binding to various kappa B motifs and in vitro activation. The subunits preferentially form a heterodim92249770 Regulation of immunoglobulin gene transcription. Nelsen B; Sen R Int Rev Cytol 133: 121-49 (1992) Analysis of the immunoglobulin gene suggests that their expression is controlled through the combinatorial action of tissue- and stage-specific factors (OTF-2, TF-microB, NF-kappa B), as well as more 92250263 Individual stage selector element mutations lead to reciprocal changes in beta- vs. epsilon-globin gene transcription: genetic confirmation of promoter competition during globin gene switching. Foley KP; Engel JD Genes Dev 6: 730-44 (1992) Biochemical and genetic analysis of the embryonic to adult beta-like globin gene switch in chickens has led to the hypothesis that competition between the promoters of the cis-linked epsilon- and beta92249767 Domains regulating transcriptional activity of the inducible orphan receptor NGFI-B. Paulsen RE; Weaver CA; Fahrner TJ; Milbrandt J J Biol Chem 267: 16491-6 (1992) NGFI-B is an early response gene which encodes a protein that has strong homology with nuclear receptors in the DNA binding domain and in carboxyl-terminal domains responsible for ligand binding and r92355619 Regulation of nodulation gene expression by NodD in rhizobia. Schlaman HR; Okker RJ; Lugtenberg BJ J Bacteriol 174: 5177-82 (1992) 92355487 A central role for SWI6 in modulating cell cycle Start-specific transcription in yeast. Dirick L; Moll T; Auer H; Nasmyth K Nature 357: 508-13 (1992) Most genes involved in DNA replication in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are transcribed transiently during late G1 as cells become committed to a new cell cycle at Start. Their promoters all cont92301535 SWI6 protein is required for transcription of the periodically expressed DNA synthesis genes in budding yeast. Lowndes NF; Johnson AL; Breeden L; Johnston LH Nature 357: 505-8 (1992) In budding yeast many genes are expressed under cell-cycle control in late G1. These include a large group of DNA synthesis genes, the HO gene involved in mating-type switching, CTS1 (chitinase) and a92301534 Adenovirus VARNA1 gene B block promoter element sequences required for transcription and for interaction with transcription factors. Bandea CI; Wu MW; Wu GJ J Mol Biol 227: 1068-85 (1992) We constructed mutants with a deletion of either half of the 18 base-pair B block palindrome in the VARNA1 gene, mutants with different intra-palindromic spacings, a complete set of mutants with singl93059361 Positive and negative effects of DNA bending on activation of transcription from a distant site. Claverie-Martin F; Magasanik B J Mol Biol 227: 996-1008 (1992) Transcription of the Escherichia coli glnHPQ operon, which encodes components of the high-affinity glutamine transport system, is activated by nitrogen regulator I (NRI)-phosphate in response to nitro93059383 The Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early promoter BRLF1 can be activated by the cellular Sp1 transcription factor. Zalani S; Holley-Guthrie EA; Gutsch DE; Kenney SC J Virol 66: 7282-9 (1992) Disruption of viral latency in Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells is mediated through the activation of the BZLF1 (Z) immediate-early gene product. The Z protein can be derived from either of two promo93059679 Functional analysis of Drosophila transcription factor IIB. Wampler SL; Kadonaga JT Genes Dev 6: 1542-52 (1992) We have isolated a cDNA encoding Drosophila transcription factor IIB (dTFIIB) and characterized the properties of recombinant dTFIIB with a reconstituted in vitro transcription system derived from Dro92354915 Cell type dependent transcription regulation by chick homeodomain proteins. Sasaki H; Yamamoto M; Kuroiwa A Mech Dev 37: 25-36 (1992) Five chick homeodomain proteins (CHOXs), CHOX-1.7, -1.1, -1.4, -4.2 and -2.6, had different transcription-regulating activities in a chick cultured cell line, LMH. In particular, CHOX-1.7 highly activ92297430 An NGF-inducible octamer binding protein activity in a C1300 neuroblastoma cell line. Mendelson SC; Morrison C; Quinn JP Brain Res Mol Brain Res 15: 174-8 (1992) Nerve growth factor (NGF) induces a protein in the C1300 mouse neuroblastoma cell line which recognises the octamer DNA consensus sequence 'ATGCAAAT'. This protein is absent, or only minimally present93061813 Dr1, a TATA-binding protein-associated phosphoprotein and inhibitor of class II gene transcription. Inostroza JA; Mermelstein FH; Ha I; Lane WS; Reinberg D Cell 70: 477-89 (1992) We have discovered a protein termed Dr1 that interacts with the TATA-binding protein, TBP. The association of Dr1 with TBP results in repression of both basal and activated levels of transcription. Th92354065 Interference between pathway-specific transcription factors: glucocorticoids antagonize phorbol ester-induced AP-1 activity without altering AP-1 site occupation in vivo. Konig H; Ponta H; Rahmsdorf HJ; Herrlich P EMBO J 11: 2241-6 (1992) Phorbol esters stimulate and glucocorticoid hormones down-regulate a variety of promoters such as that of the collagenase gene through the transcription factor AP-1 (Fos/Jun). We now show by genomic f92289689 Transcriptional control, translation and function of the products of the five open reading frames of the Escherichia coli nir operon. Harborne NR; Griffiths L; Busby SJ; Cole JA Mol Microbiol 6: 2805-13 (1992) Five open reading frames designated nirB, nirD, nirE, nirC and cysG have been identified from the DNA sequence of the Escherichia coli nir operon. Complementation experiments established that the NirB93062014 Stalling by RNA polymerase II in the polyomavirus intergenic region is dependent on functional large T antigen. Bertin J; Sunstrom NA; Jain P; Acheson NH Virology 189: 715-24 (1992) RNA polymerase II encounters an elongation block and stalls in vivo during transcription of the late strand of polyomavirus DNA. In this study, we performed transcriptional run-on assays and localized92351569 The activation process of Arabidopsis thaliana A1 gene encoding the translation elongation factor EF-1 alpha is conserved among angiosperms. Curie C; Liboz T; Montane MH; Rouan D; Axelos M; Lescure B Plant Mol Biol 18: 1083-9 (1992) In Arabidopsis thaliana, the activation process of the A1 EF-1 alpha gene depends on several elements. Using the GUS reporter gene, transient expression experiments have shown that mutations of upstre92288300 The PCF1-1 mutation increases the activity of the transcription factor (TF) IIIB fraction from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Willis I; Oksman A; Lopez-De-Leon A Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3725-30 (1992) PCF1-1 is a dominant suppressor of a tRNA gene A block promoter mutation (A19) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transcriptional activation by PCF1-1 was examined in vitro using whole-cell extracts and pur92350675 Transcription. Riding high on the TATA box [news; comment] Greenblatt J Nature 360: 16-7 (1992) 93063307 Mapping functional regions of the segment-specific transcription factor Krox-20. Vesque C; Charnay P Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2485-92 (1992) Krox-20, a zinc finger transcription factor with similarity to Sp1, is likely to play an important role in the development of the vertebrate central nervous system. A knowledge of its molecular proper92285130 Role of the conserved leucines in the leucine zipper dimerization motif of yeast GCN4. van Heeckeren WJ; Sellers JW; Struhl K Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3721-4 (1992) Yeast GCN4 belongs to the class of eukaryotic transcription factors whose bZIP DNA-binding domains dimerize via a leucine zipper motif that structurally resembles a coiled coil. The leucine zipper con92350674 Alternative splicing of PML transcripts predicts coexpression of several carboxy-terminally different protein isoforms. Fagioli M; Alcalay M; Pandolfi PP; Venturini L; Mencarelli A; Simeone A; Acampora D; Grignani F; Pelicci PG Oncogene 7: 1083-91 (1992) The acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL)-specific chromosome 15;17 translocation leads to the fusion of a newly identified putative transcription factor, PML, and the retinoic acid receptor alpha. We h92278759 Activation of the zinc finger encoding gene krox-20 in adult rat brain: comparison with zif268. Bhat RV; Worley PF; Cole AJ; Baraban JM Brain Res Mol Brain Res 13: 263-6 (1992) Zif268 and krox-20 are transcription regulatory factors that contain highly homologous zinc finger DNA-binding domains. Recent studies have demonstrated that zif268 expression is rapidly regulated in 92278184 Central domain of the positive control protein NifA and its role in transcriptional activation. Cannon W; Buck M J Mol Biol 225: 271-86 (1992) The positive control protein NifA of Klebsiella pneumoniae activates transcription by RNA polymerase containing sigma 54 by catalysing open promoter complex formation. We show that the integrity of th92277641 Transcriptional regulation of human apolipoprotein genes ApoB, ApoCIII, and ApoAII by members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily HNF-4, ARP-1, EAR-2, and EAR-3. Ladias JA; Hadzopoulou-Cladaras M; Kardassis D; Cardot P; Cheng J; Zannis V; Cladaras C J Biol Chem 267: 15849-60 (1992) Apolipoproteins B, CIII, and AII are synthesized primarily in the liver and intestine and play an important role in lipid and cholesterol metabolism. It was previously shown that the cis-acting elemen92348452 Cloning, sequencing, and transcriptional regulation of viuA, the gene encoding the ferric vibriobactin receptor of Vibrio cholerae. Butterton JR; Stoebner JA; Payne SM; Calderwood SB J Bacteriol 174: 3729-38 (1992) A 74-kDa iron-regulated outer membrane protein of Vibrio cholerae acts as the receptor for the V. cholerae iron-siderophore complex, ferric vibriobactin. MBG14, a mutant of V. cholerae 0395 containing92276356 LFB1 and LFB3 homeoproteins are sequentially expressed during kidney development. Lazzaro D; De Simone V; De Magistris L; Lehtonen E; Cortese R Development 114: 469-79 (1992) LFB1 (HNF-1/HNF-1 alpha/APF) and LFB3 (vHNF-1/HNF-1 beta) are two homeoproteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of several liver-specific genes. Both genes are expressed in the polarized ep92274856 A novel transcription factor reveals a functional link between the RNA polymerase II CTD and TFIID. Koleske AJ; Buratowski S; Nonet M; Young RA Cell 69: 883-94 (1992) The RNA polymerase II large subunit carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) plays a role in transcription initiation, but its mechanism of action is not well understood. We have investigated the function of the92274455 Structural analysis of ternary complexes of vaccinia RNA polymerase. Hagler J; Shuman S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 10099-103 (1992) The structure of the elongation complex of vaccinia RNA polymerase halted at discrete template positions was examined by DNase I footprinting. The leading edge of the footprint bore a constant relatio93066187 Ionizing radiation activates transcription of the EGR1 gene via CArG elements. Datta R; Rubin E; Sukhatme V; Qureshi S; Hallahan D; Weichselbaum RR; Kufe DW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 10149-53 (1992) The present studies have examined the effects of ionizing radiation on control of the early growth response 1 (EGR1) gene. Exposure of human HL-525 cells to x-rays was associated with increases in EGR93066197 Specific interaction between the nonphosphorylated form of RNA polymerase II and the TATA-binding protein. Usheva A; Maldonado E; Goldring A; Lu H; Houbavi C; Reinberg D; Aloni Y Cell 69: 871-81 (1992) Fractionation of a transcription-competent HeLa cell extract on a column containing one copy of the heptamer repeat (YSPTSPS) present in the carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of RNA92274454 How do eukaryotic activator proteins stimulate the rate of transcription by RNA polymerase II? Ham J; Steger G; Yaniv M FEBS Lett 307: 81-6 (1992) A large number of activator proteins have now been identified in higher and lower eukaryotes, which bind to the regulatory regions of protein-encoding genes and increase the rate at which they are tra92347559 TFC3: gene encoding the B-block binding subunit of the yeast transcription factor IIIC. Lefebvre O; Carles C; Conesa C; Swanson RN; Bouet F; Riva M; Sentenac A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 10512-6 (1992) Yeast transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC) is a multisubunit protein complex that interacts with two control elements of class III promoters called the A and B blocks. Here we describe the gene encoding93066269 Interaction of AP-1-, AP-2-, and Sp1-like proteins with two distinct sites in the upstream regulatory region of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene mediates the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate Descheemaeker KA; Wyns S; Nelles L; Auwerx J; Ny T; Collen D J Biol Chem 267: 15086-91 (1992) Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induces a 3- and 10-fold induction of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in HT1080 and HeLa cells, respectively, following transient transfection of a 33692340558 Structures of cDNAs encoding chum salmon pituitary-specific transcription factor, Pit-1/GHF-1. Ono M; Takayama Y Gene 116: 275-9 (1992) Pit-1/GHF-1, a POU family transcription factor, was originally isolated as a protein that contributes to the pituitary-specific expression of the mammalian growth hormone(GH)-encoding gene. Pit-1/GHF-92339901 Kindred S thyroid hormone receptor is an active and constitutive silencer and a repressor for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid responses. Baniahmad A; Tsai SY; O'Malley BW; Tsai MJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 10633-7 (1992) Mutations in the gene encoding the human thyroid hormone receptor beta (hTR beta) have been associated with generalized thyroid hormone resistance (GTHR). However, the molecular basis by which the rec93066298 Thyroid hormone and androgen regulation of nerve growth factor gene expression in the mouse submandibular gland. Black MA; Lefebvre FA; Pope L; Lefebvre YA; Walker P Mol Cell Endocrinol 84: 145-54 (1992) The nerve growth factor (NGF) content of the mouse submandibular gland (SMG) is under hormonal control and is modulated by both thyroid hormones (TH) and androgens. The sexual dimorphism of the gland 92347606 Characterization of a HeLa cDNA clone encoding the human SII protein, an elongation factor for RNA polymerase II. Chen HC; England L; Kane CM Gene 116: 253-8 (1992) We present the cloning and sequence characterization of a HeLa cDNA encoding the SII transcription elongation factor. This cDNA clone is distinct from those previously isolated from a human kidney cDN92339898 Intragenic regulatory elements contribute to transcriptional control of the neurofilament light gene. Beaudet L; Charron G; Houle D; Tretjakoff I; Peterson A; Julien JP Gene 116: 205-14 (1992) To date, no DNA regions involved in the neuron-specific expression of the neurofilament light gene (NF-L) have been defined using transfection assays in cultured cells. To identify those regulatory re92339893 Ikaros, an early lymphoid-specific transcription factor and a putative mediator for T cell commitment. Georgopoulos K; Moore DD; Derfler B Science 258: 808-12 (1992) In a screen for transcriptional regulators that control differentiation into the T cell lineage, a complementary DNA was isolated encoding a zinc finger protein (Ikaros) related to the Drosophila gap 93068267 Difference in the genomic organizations of the related transcription factors Sp1 and Krox-20; possible evolutionary significance. Chestier A; Charnay P DNA Seq 2: 325-7 (1992) We report here part of the genomic sequence of the mouse homolog of the human gene encoding the transcription factor Sp1. This gene belongs to a subfamily of zinc finger proteins, which includes anoth92338398 Plant genetics flourishes. Martin C; Jones J Trends Genet 8: 368-70 (1992) 93069518 Yeast SNF/SWI transcriptional activators and the SPT/SIN chromatin connection. Winston F; Carlson M Trends Genet 8: 387-91 (1992) Genetic studies of many diversely regulated genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have identified two groups of genes with global functions in transcription. The first group comprises five SNF a93069523 Ternary complex formation over the c-fos serum response element: p62TCF exhibits dual component specificity with contacts to DNA and an extended structure in the DNA-binding domain of p67SRF. Shaw PE EMBO J 11: 3011-9 (1992) The serum response element (SRE) plays an essential role in the transcriptional regulation of proto-oncogene c-fos. A ternary complex, consisting of transcription factors p67SRF and p62TCF bound to th92347336 Activation of HIV transcription by Tat. Frankel AD Curr Opin Genet Dev 2: 293-8 (1992) Recent studies suggest that the human immunodeficiency virus transactivator, Tat, increases expression of viral genes primarily by enhancing the efficiency of transcriptional elongation. The degree to92345842 Retinoblastoma protein switches the E2F site from positive to negative element. Weintraub SJ; Prater CA; Dean DC Nature 358: 259-61 (1992) Originally E2F sites were identified as elements in the promoters of adenovirus early genes that are necessary for activation of these genes by the early protein E1a (ref. 1). E2F promoter elements ha92334436 The yeast alpha 1 and MCM1 proteins bind a single strand of their duplex DNA recognition site. Grayhack EJ Mol Cell Biol 12: 3573-82 (1992) The yeast cell type regulator alpha 1 cooperates with a constitutive factor, MCM1 protein, to recognize the promoter and activate transcription of several alpha-specific genes. I show here that the al92334358 The N-terminal 96 residues of MCM1, a regulator of cell type-specific genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are sufficient for DNA binding, transcription activation, and interaction with alpha 1. Bruhn L; Hwang-Shum JJ; Sprague GF Jr Mol Cell Biol 12: 3563-72 (1992) MCM1 performs several functions necessary for its role in regulating cell type-specific gene expression in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae: DNA binding, transcription activation, and interaction wi92334357 Regulation of HIV-1 gene expression by cellular transcription factors. Reddy EP; Dasgupta P Pathobiology 60: 219-24 (1992) The human CD4+ T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood represent a major target for HIV-1 infection in vivo. In the quiescent state T lymphocytes are nonpermissive for the propagation of HIV-1. Antigeni93000466 The CREB family of transcription activators. Brindle PK; Montminy MR Curr Opin Genet Dev 2: 199-204 (1992) A diverse family of transcription factors bind to the cAMP-response elements found in a variety of mammalian and viral gene promoters. One of the members of this family, CREB, is being intensively stu92345829 The down-regulation of albumin transcription during regeneration is due to the loss of HNF-1 and the D-site transcription factors. Mueller CR DNA Cell Biol 11: 559-66 (1992) Liver regeneration has served as an important in vivo model for studying the control of differentiation. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the negative regulation of the albumin promoter during93000476 The RNA polymerase II ternary complex cleaves the nascent transcript in a 3'----5' direction in the presence of elongation factor SII. Izban MG; Luse DS Genes Dev 6: 1342-56 (1992) The process by which RNA polymerase II elongates RNA chains remains poorly understood. Elongation factor SII is known to be required to maximize readthrough at intrinsic termination sites in vitro. We92331938 SPT3 interacts with TFIID to allow normal transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Eisenmann DM; Arndt KM; Ricupero SL; Rooney JW; Winston F Genes Dev 6: 1319-31 (1992) Mutations in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene SPT15, which encodes the TATA-binding protein TFIID, have been shown to cause pleiotropic phenotypes and to lead to changes in transcription in vivo. Her92331936 Adenovirus E1a prevents the retinoblastoma gene product from repressing the activity of a cellular transcription factor. Zamanian M; La Thangue NB EMBO J 11: 2603-10 (1992) The retinoblastoma (Rb) gene product forms a complex with the cellular transcription factor DRTF1, a property assumed to be important for mediating negative growth control because certain viral oncoge92331612 Early events in the neoplastic transformation of respiratory epithelium. Birrer MJ; Alani R; Cuttitta F; Preis LH; Sabich AL; Sanders DA; Siegfried JM; Szabo E; Brown PH Monogr Natl Cancer Inst 172: 31-7 (1992) The complex process of epithelial carcinogenesis is composed of discrete biologic events including the early activation events of "initiation" and "promotion." For lung cancer, these events are only n93001791 Transcription factor AP-2 activates gene expression of HTLV-I. Muchardt C; Seeler JS; Nirula A; Gong S; Gaynor R EMBO J 11: 2573-81 (1992) The HTLV-I LTR contains three conserved regulatory elements known as 21 base pair repeats which are required for stimulation of gene expression by the transactivator protein tax. Mutagenesis indicates92331609 Epstein-Barr virus transcription factors. Sinclair AJ; Farrell PJ Cell Growth Differ 3: 557-63 (1992) 93002620 Cloning of the 62-kilodalton component of basic transcription factor BTF2. Fischer L; Gerard M; Chalut C; Lutz Y; Humbert S; Kanno M; Chambon P; Egly JM Science 257: 1392-5 (1992) Cloning of the mammalian basic transcription factors serves as a major step in understanding the mechanism of transcription initiation. The 62-kilodalton component (p62) of one of these transcription 92410302 Oncogenes as transcription factors:implications for signal transduction. Verma IM; Inoue J; Kerr LD; Ofir R; Ransone LJ Prog Clin Biol Res 376: 41-59 (1992) 92409652 DNA binding, multimerization, and transcription stimulation by the Xenopus Y box proteins in vitro. Tafuri SR; Wolffe AP New Biol 4: 349-59 (1992) The Y box factors bind to a specific DNA sequence (the Y box, containing a reverse CCAAT element) and have been implicated in the regulation of transcription. We have used deletion mutagenesis to defi92322638 Differential response of maize catalases to abscisic acid: Vp1 transcriptional activator is not required for abscisic acid-regulated Cat1 expression. Williamson JD; Scandalios JG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 8842-6 (1992) In this paper we describe the distinctive responses of the maize catalases to the plant growth regulator abscisic acid (ABA). We analyzed RNA and enzyme accumulation in excised maize embryos and found92409613 Oct-1 and Oct-2 potentiate functional interactions of a transcription factor with the proximal sequence element of small nuclear RNA genes. Murphy S; Yoon JB; Gerster T; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 12: 3247-61 (1992) The promoters of both RNA polymerase II- and RNA polymerase III-transcribed small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes contain an essential and highly conserved proximal sequence element (PSE) approximately 55 b92318942 Identification of breakpoints in t(8;21) acute myelogenous leukemia and isolation of a fusion transcript, AML1/ETO, with similarity to Drosophila segmentation gene, runt. Erickson P; Gao J; Chang KS; Look T; Whisenant E; Raimondi S; Lasher R; Trujillo J; Rowley J; Drabkin H Blood 80: 1825-31 (1992) We have developed a restriction map of the chromosome 21 breakpoint region involved in t(8;21)(q22;q22.3) acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and have isolated a genomic junction clone containing chromos93004737 Opaque-2 is a transcriptional activator that recognizes a specific target site in 22-kD zein genes. Schmidt RJ; Ketudat M; Aukerman MJ; Hoschek G Plant Cell 4: 689-700 (1992) opaque-2 (o2) is a regulatory locus in maize that plays an essential role in controlling the expression of genes encoding the 22-kD zein proteins. Through DNase I footprinting and DNA binding analyses93005718 Coupling between gene expression and DNA synthesis early during development in Bacillus subtilis. Ireton K; Grossman AD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 8808-12 (1992) Endospore formation in the bacterium Bacillus subtilis involves generation of two cell types, each with different developmental fates. Each cell type contains an active chromosome, and treatments that92409606 Growth-regulated expression of rhoG, a new member of the ras homolog gene family. Vincent S; Jeanteur P; Fort P Mol Cell Biol 12: 3138-48 (1992) Cellular transition from the resting state to DNA synthesis involves master switches genes encoding transcriptional factors (e.g., fos, jun, and egr genes), whose targets remain to be fully characteri92318931 Purification of components required for accurate transcription of ribosomal RNA from Acanthamoeba castellanii. Iida CT; Paule MR Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3211-21 (1992) The components required for specific transcription of ribosomal RNA were isolated from logarithmically growing Acanthamoeba castellanii. The transcription initiation factor fraction, TIF, and RNA poly92319656 Oct2 transactivation from a remote enhancer position requires a B-cell-restricted activity. Annweiler A; Muller-Immergluck M; Wirth T Mol Cell Biol 12: 3107-16 (1992) Previous cotransfection experiments had demonstrated that ectopic expression of the lymphocyte-specific transcription factor Oct2 could efficiently activate a promoter containing an octamer motif. Oct92318928 The replication activation potential of selected RNA polymerase II promoter elements at the simian virus 40 origin. Hoang AT; Wang W; Gralla JD Mol Cell Biol 12: 3087-93 (1992) Binding sites for cellular transcription factors were placed near the simian virus 40 origin of replication, and their effect on replication and TATA-dependent transcription was measured in COS cells.92318926 Temporal expression of the human alcohol dehydrogenase gene family during liver development correlates with differential promoter activation by hepatocyte nuclear factor 1, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protvan Ooij C; Snyder RC; Paeper BW; Duester G Mol Cell Biol 12: 3023-31 (1992) The human class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) gene family consists of ADH1, ADH2, and ADH3, which are sequentially activated in early fetal, late fetal, and postnatal liver, respectively. Analysis of 92318919 Mouse rRNA gene transcription factor mUBF requires both HMG-box1 and an acidic tail for nucleolar accumulation: molecular analysis of the nucleolar targeting mechanism. Maeda Y; Hisatake K; Kondo T; Hanada K; Song CZ; Nishimura T; Muramatsu M EMBO J 11: 3695-704 (1992) RNA polymerase I requires at least two nucleolar transcription factors, UBF and SL-1, for ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA) transcription. UBF requires SL-1 for the formation of a stable initiation complex on93010961 Characterization of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen: relationship to interferon-inducible proteins. Burrus GR; Briggs JA; Briggs RC J Cell Biochem 48: 190-202 (1992) The human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is expressed specifically in cells of the granulocyte/monocyte lineage. The MNDA has been isolated by using a monoclonal antibody affinity92317201 Differential DNA sequence recognition is a determinant of specificity in homeotic gene action. Ekker SC; von Kessler DP; Beachy PA EMBO J 11: 4059-72 (1992) The homeotic genes of Drosophila encode transcriptional regulatory proteins that specify distinct segment identities. Previous studies have implicated the homeodomain as a major determinant of biologi93011001 Formation of open and elongating transcription complexes by RNA polymerase III. Kassavetis GA; Blanco JA; Johnson TE; Geiduschek EP J Mol Biol 226: 47-58 (1992) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factors (TF) IIIB and IIIC assemble onto their respective DNA-binding sites on the SUP4 tRNA(Tyr) gene at 0 degrees C. RNA polymerase III specifically associ92318274 Identification of a core motif that is recognized by three members of the HMG class of transcriptional regulators: IRE-ABP, SRY, and TCF-1 alpha. Alexander-Bridges M; Ercolani L; Kong XF; Nasrin N J Cell Biochem 48: 129-35 (1992) Insulin induces glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GADPH) gene transcription in part by regulating one or more proteins that bind a cis-acting element, IRE-A. We have recently cloned a protein,92317195 Construction and expression of a monomeric c-Jun protein that binds and activates transcription of AP-1-responsive genes. Deng T; Karin M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 8572-6 (1992) c-Jun is a typical member of the bZIP (basic zipper) family of dimeric transcriptional activators. These proteins contain a basic region responsible for DNA sequence recognition and a leucine zipper t92409558 A POU-A related region dictates DNA binding specificity of LFB1/HNF1 by orienting the two XL-homeodomains in the dimer. Tomei L; Cortese R; De Francesco R EMBO J 11: 4119-29 (1992) LFB1/HNF1 regulates the hepatocyte-specific transcription of several genes, binding as a dimer to cis-acting elements that match the inverted palindrome GTTAATNATTAAC. The DNA binding domain of LFB1/H93011007 GT-2: a transcription factor with twin autonomous DNA-binding domains of closely related but different target sequence specificity. Dehesh K; Hung H; Tepperman JM; Quail PH EMBO J 11: 4131-44 (1992) A triplet of adjacent, highly similar GT motifs in the phyA promoter of rice functions to support maximal expression of this gene. We have obtained a recombinant clone that encodes a full-length nucle93011008 Two distinct yeast transcriptional activators require the function of the GCN5 protein to promote normal levels of transcription. Georgakopoulos T; Thireos G EMBO J 11: 4145-52 (1992) When yeast cells are grown under conditions of amino acid limitation, transcription of amino acid biosynthetic genes is increased through the action of the GCN4 transcriptional regulator. gcn5 mutant 93011009 A novel Ets-related transcription factor, Elf-1, binds to human immunodeficiency virus type 2 regulatory elements that are required for inducible trans activation in T cells. Leiden JM; Wang CY; Petryniak B; Markovitz DM; Nabel GJ; Thompson CB J Virol 66: 5890-7 (1992) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 are structurally related retroviruses which both cause AIDS in humans. Although both viruses establish latency in quiescent human-peripheral-blood92407982 Leukotriene B4 transcriptionally activates interleukin-6 expression involving NK-chi B and NF-IL6. Brach MA; de Vos S; Arnold C; Gruss HJ; Mertelsmann R; Herrmann F Eur J Immunol 22: 2705-11 (1992) Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a notable participant in inflammation and chemotaxis. It is, however, still unclear whether LTB4 acts in this regard directly or indirectly by stimulating the release of chemo93011470 DNA position-specific repression of transcription by a Drosophila zinc finger protein. Geyer PK; Corces VG Genes Dev 6: 1865-73 (1992) Expression of the yellow (y) gene of Drosophila melanogaster is controlled by a series of tissue-specific transcriptional enhancers located in the 5' region and intron of the gene. Insertion of the gy93012943 Review: transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of interleukin 1 gene expression. Fenton MJ Int J Immunopharmacol 14: 401-11 (1992) Interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and beta (IL-1 beta) are proinflammatory cytokines that are encoded by distinct genes, but share most biological activities. During the past several years, intense inv92316700 A yeast TFIIB-related factor involved in RNA polymerase III transcription. Colbert T; Hahn S Genes Dev 6: 1940-9 (1992) A suppressor gene was identified, which in high copy number rescues a temperature-sensitive mutation in yeast TATA-binding protein (TBP). Suppression was allele specific because the suppressor did not93012949 Multiple domains of the RNA polymerase I activator hUBF interact with the TATA-binding protein complex hSL1 to mediate transcription. Jantzen HM; Chow AM; King DS; Tjian R Genes Dev 6: 1950-63 (1992) Recent evidence suggests that transcription initiation by all three eukaryotic RNA polymerases involves a complex of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and multiple TBP-associated factors (TAFs). Here, we93012950 Holo-TFIID supports transcriptional stimulation by diverse activators and from a TATA-less promoter. Zhou Q; Lieberman PM; Boyer TG; Berk AJ Genes Dev 6: 1964-74 (1992) Transcription factor IID (TFIID) binds to TATA boxes, nucleating the assembly of initiation complexes containing several general transcription factors and RNA polymerase II. Recently, TFIID was shown 93012951 Interaction of the -170 cyclic AMP response element with the adjacent CCAAT box in the human fibronectin gene promoter. Muro AF; Bernath VA; Kornblihtt AR J Biol Chem 267: 12767-74 (1992) In the fibronectin gene promoter the cAMP response element (CRE) and the CCAAT box are separated by only 20 base pairs (bp), i.e. two turns of double helix. Binding of nuclear proteins to these elemen92316964 Somatostatin gene upstream enhancer element activated by a protein complex consisting of CREB, Isl-1-like, and alpha-CBF-like transcription factors. Vallejo M; Penchuk L; Habener JF J Biol Chem 267: 12876-84 (1992) The expression of the genes encoding the hormones glucagon, insulin, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide in the endocrine islets of the pancreas is regulated in a cell-specific manner, defining f92316979 Two-stage control of an oxidative stress regulon: the Escherichia coli SoxR protein triggers redox-inducible expression of the soxS regulatory gene. Nunoshiba T; Hidalgo E; Amabile Cuevas CF; Demple B J Bacteriol 174: 6054-60 (1992) Escherichia coli responds to the redox stress imposed by superoxide-generating agents such as paraquat by activating the synthesis of as many as 80 polypeptides. Expression of a key group of these ind93015642 Role of phosphorylated metabolic intermediates in the regulation of glutamine synthetase synthesis in Escherichia coli. Feng J; Atkinson MR; McCleary W; Stock JB; Wanner BL; Ninfa AJ J Bacteriol 174: 6061-70 (1992) Transcription of the Ntr regulon is controlled by the two-component system consisting of the response regulator NRI (NtrC) and the kinase/phosphatase NRII (NtrB), which both phosphorylates and dephosp93015643 The NodD protein does not bind to the promoters of inducible nodulation genes in extracts of bacteroids of Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae. Schlaman HR; Lugtenberg BJ; Okker RJ J Bacteriol 174: 6109-16 (1992) In a previous study, we showed that in bacteroids, transcription of the inducible nod genes does not occur and expression of nodD is decreased by 65% (H. R. M. Schlaman, B. Horvath, E. Vijgenboom, R.J93015649 Sequence and characterization of the bacteriophage T4 comC alpha gene product, a possible transcription antitermination factor. Sanson B; Uzan M J Bacteriol 174: 6539-47 (1992) We have sequenced a 1,340-bp region of the bacteriophage T4 DNA spanning the comC alpha gene, a gene which has been implicated in transcription antitermination. We show that comC alpha, identified una93015705 Autogenous regulation of ethanolamine utilization by a transcriptional activator of the eut operon in Salmonella typhimurium. Roof DM; Roth JR J Bacteriol 174: 6634-43 (1992) The genes required for use of ethanolamine as a carbon and nitrogen source are encoded by a single operon (eut) whose expression is induced by the simultaneous presence of both ethanolamine and cobala93015716 Two transcriptionally active OmpR mutants that do not require phosphorylation by EnvZ in an Escherichia coli cell-free system. Bowrin V; Brissette R; Inouye M J Bacteriol 174: 6685-7 (1992) D55Q-T83A and D55Q-G94S, two pseudorevertants of the D55Q mutant OmpR, an Escherichia coli transcriptional activator, were isolated previously by R. Brissette, K. Tsung, and M. Inouye (J. Bacteriol. 193015724 ToxR proteins with substitutions in residues conserved with OmpR fail to activate transcription from the cholera toxin promoter. Ottemann KM; DiRita VJ; Mekalanos JJ J Bacteriol 174: 6807-14 (1992) The ToxR protein of Vibrio cholerae is an integral membrane protein that coordinately regulates the expression of virulence genes required for successful infection. ToxR has been shown to bind directl93015740 Factor-stimulated RNA polymerase II transcribes at physiological elongation rates on naked DNA but very poorly on chromatin templates. Izban MG; Luse DS J Biol Chem 267: 13647-55 (1992) We used an in vitro assay system based on HeLa cell core transcription components to examine transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II on either naked DNA or chromatin templates as a function of the 92317097 DNA-binding properties of cloned TATA-binding protein from potato tubers. Holdsworth MJ; Grierson C; Schuch W; Bevan M Plant Mol Biol 19: 455-64 (1992) A full-length cDNA clone encoding the TATA-binding protein (TBP), the DNA-binding component of the general transcription factor TFIID was cloned from potato tubers. The DNA sequence of this cDNA indic92322977 TATA-binding protein activates transcription when upstream of a GCN4-binding site in a novel yeast promoter. Brandl CJ; Martens JA; Liaw PC; Furlanetto AM; Wobbe CR J Biol Chem 267: 20943-52 (1992) In the gal-his3 hybrid promoter, his3-GG1, GCN4 stimulates transcription at the position normally occupied by a TATA element. This expression requires two elements within gal1-10 sequences, a REB1-bin93016007 Interferon-alpha-induced gene expression: evidence for a selective effect of ouabain on activation of the ISGF3 transcription complex. Nakagawa Y; Petricoin EF 3d; Akai H; Grimley PM; Rupp B; Larner AC Virology 190: 210-20 (1992) Binding of interferons (IFNs) to their cell surface receptors stimulates rapid translocation of cytoplasmic proteins to the nucleus and the expression of a variety of cellular genes within minutes. Tr92410597 Regulation of transcription of the germ-line Ig alpha constant region gene by an ATF element and by novel transforming growth factor-beta 1-responsive elements. Lin YC; Stavnezer J J Immunol 149: 2914-25 (1992) Inasmuch as transcription of unrearranged, or germ-line, Ig CH genes appears to direct switch recombination, understanding the regulation of this transcription is essential for understanding the regul93017905 Hepatocyte differentiation takes it in the LIP. Schwarzenberg SJ J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 15: 218-9 (1992) 93019971 The human immunodeficiency virus tat protein increases the transcription of human Alu repeated sequences by increasing the activity of the cellular transcription factor TFIIIC. Jang KL; Collins MK; Latchman DS J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 5: 1142-7 (1992) The HIV Tat protein is able to upregulate the transcription by RNA polymerase III of cotransfected or endogenous cellular Alu-repeated sequences in both HeLa and Jurkat T cells. This effect is mediate93020187 Identification of acoR, a regulatory gene for the expression of genes essential for acetoin catabolism in Alcaligenes eutrophus H16. Kruger N; Steinbuchel A J Bacteriol 174: 4391-400 (1992) Two hundred thirty-nine base pairs upstream from acoXABC, which encodes the Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 structural genes essential for cleavage of acetoin, the 2,004-bp acoR gene was identified. acoR en92325024 Limited proteolysis unmasks specific DNA-binding of the murine RNA polymerase I-specific transcription termination factor TTFI. Smid A; Finsterer M; Grummt I J Mol Biol 227: 635-47 (1992) Previously we have shown that nuclear extracts from mouse cells contain a heterogeneous group of polypeptides (p65, p80, p90, p100) which form distinct DNA-protein complexes on the 18 base-pair sequen93021107 Characterization of nuclear proteins that bind the EFII enhancer sequence in the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. Sears RC; Sealy L J Virol 66: 6338-52 (1992) The EFII cis element is a 38-bp sequence at the 5' end of the Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat, extending from nucleotides -229 to -192 (with respect to the viral transcription start site), whi93021359 Identification of RAD16, a yeast excision repair gene homologous to the recombinational repair gene RAD54 and to the SNF2 gene involved in transcriptional activation. Schild D; Glassner BJ; Mortimer RK; Carlson M; Laurent BC Yeast 8: 385-95 (1992) The RAD54 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is involved in the recombinational repair of DNA damage. The predicted amino acid sequence of the RAD54 protein shows significant homologies with the yeast S92327847 Transcription of viral late genes is dependent on expression of the viral intermediate gene G8R in cells infected with an inducible conditional-lethal mutant vaccinia virus. Zhang Y; Keck JG; Moss B J Virol 66: 6470-9 (1992) There are three temporal classes of vaccinia virus genes: early, intermediate, and late. The object of this study was to determine the effects on virus replication of regulating the expression of G8R,93021372 Brain 4: a novel mammalian POU domain transcription factor exhibiting restricted brain-specific expression. Mathis JM; Simmons DM; He X; Swanson LW; Rosenfeld MG EMBO J 11: 2551-61 (1992) The POU domain gene family of transcription factors share a conserved bipartite DNA binding domain, and exhibit distinct temporal and spatial patterns of expression during development, particularly in92331607 Enhanced cell-free transcription of the ribosomal protein L32 gene by the polyoma virus enhancer PEA3 DNA-binding protein. Yoganathan T; Cowie A; Hassell JA; Sells BH Eur J Biochem 207: 195-200 (1992) The mouse-ribosomal-protein-L32-gene promoter contains a 12-bp sequence motif within the 5'-upstream region termed the beta element which shows significant similarity with the consensus sequence of th92331653 Activation of the Rhizobium leguminosarum glnII gene by NtrC is dependent on upstream DNA sequences. Patriarca EJ; Chiurazzi M; Manco G; Riccio A; Lamberti A; De Paolis A; Rossi M; Defez R; Iaccarino M Mol Gen Genet 234: 337-45 (1992) The cloning and sequence determination is reported of the DNA region of Rhizobium leguminosarum coding for glutamine synthetase II (GSII). An open reading frame (ORF) encoding 326 amino acids was defi93024306 Eukaryotic coactivators associated with the TATA box binding protein. Gill G; Tjian R Curr Opin Genet Dev 2: 236-42 (1992) Recent studies of regulated RNA polymerase II transcription have uncovered a new class of molecules called coactivators. These are tightly associated with the TATA box binding protein and are required92345834 Insertional disruption of the nusB (ssyB) gene leads to cold-sensitive growth of Escherichia coli and suppression of the secY24 mutation. Taura T; Ueguchi C; Shiba K; Ito K Mol Gen Genet 234: 429-32 (1992) The Escherichia coli gene ssyB was cloned and sequenced. The ssyB63 (Cs) mutation is an insertion mutation in nusB, while the nusB5 (Cs) mutation suppresses secY24, indicating that inactivation of nus93024316 Cloning of GT box-binding proteins: a novel Sp1 multigene family regulating T-cell receptor gene expression. Kingsley C; Winoto A Mol Cell Biol 12: 4251-61 (1992) Analysis of a T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha promoter from a variable gene segment (V) revealed a critical GT box element which is also found in upstream regions of several V alpha genes, TCR enh93024366 Characterization of Spi-B, a transcription factor related to the putative oncoprotein Spi-1/PU.1. Ray D; Bosselut R; Ghysdael J; Mattei MG; Tavitian A; Moreau-Gachelin F Mol Cell Biol 12: 4297-304 (1992) We have cloned a human cDNA from a new gene, spi-B, on the basis of its homology with the DNA-binding domain of the Spi-1/PU.1 putative oncogene product. spi-B codes for a protein of 262 amino acids p93024371 A single MEF-2 site is a major positive regulatory element required for transcription of the muscle-specific subunit of the human phosphoglycerate mutase gene in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. Nakatsuji Y; Hidaka K; Tsujino S; Yamamoto Y; Mukai T; Yanagihara T; Kishimoto T; Sakoda S Mol Cell Biol 12: 4384-90 (1992) In order to analyze the transcriptional regulation of the muscle-specific subunit of the human phosphoglycerate mutase (PGAM-M) gene, chimeric genes composed of the upstream region of the PGAM-M gene 93024380 Histone H2B gene transcription during Xenopus early development requires functional cooperation between proteins bound to the CCAAT and octamer motifs. Hinkley C; Perry M Mol Cell Biol 12: 4400-11 (1992) The ubiquitously expressed transcription factor Oct-1 and several other members of the POU domain protein family bind to a site, termed the octamer motif, that functions in the promoter and enhancer r93024382 Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibits the activity of myogenic helix-loop-helix proteins. Li L; Heller-Harrison R; Czech M; Olson EN Mol Cell Biol 12: 4478-85 (1992) Differentiation of skeletal muscle cells is inhibited by the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signal transduction pathway. Here we report that the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) can substit93024391 Multiple elements in the upstream glucokinase promoter contribute to transcription in insulinoma cells. Shelton KD; Franklin AJ; Khoor A; Beechem J; Magnuson MA Mol Cell Biol 12: 4578-89 (1992) beta-cell type-specific expression of the upstream glucokinase promoter was studied by transfection of fusion genes and analysis of DNA-protein interactions. A construct containing 1,000 bp of 5'-flan93024403 The EBNA2-related resistance towards alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) in Burkitt's lymphoma cells effects induction of IFN-induced genes but not the activation of transcription factor ISGF-3. Kanda K; Decker T; Aman P; Wahlstrom M; von Gabain A; Kallin B Mol Cell Biol 12: 4930-6 (1992) Transfection of a plasmid encoding the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) gene confers resistance to the antiproliferative effect of alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) in EBV-negative U968 c93024438 A transcriptionally active form of GAL4 is phosphorylated and associated with GAL80. Parthun MR; Jaehning JA Mol Cell Biol 12: 4981-7 (1992) The GAL4 activator and GAL80 repressor proteins regulate the expression of yeast genes in response to galactose. A complex of the two proteins isolated from glucose-grown cells is inactive in an in vi93024443 Definition of the transcriptional activation domain of recombinant 43-kilodalton USF. Kirschbaum BJ; Pognonec P; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 12: 5094-101 (1992) The cellular transcription factor USF is involved in the regulation of both cellular and viral genes and consists of 43- and 44-kDa polypeptides which independently show site-specific DNA binding. Clo93024456 Sodium butyrate inhibits myogenesis by interfering with the transcriptional activation function of MyoD and myogenin. Johnston LA; Tapscott SJ; Eisen H Mol Cell Biol 12: 5123-30 (1992) Sodium butyrate reversibly inhibits muscle differentiation and blocks the expression of many muscle-specific genes in both proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myotubes. We investigated the role93024459 TFIIA induces conformational changes in TFIID via interactions with the basic repeat. Lee DK; DeJong J; Hashimoto S; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Mol Cell Biol 12: 5189-96 (1992) DNA-binding studies with Saccharomyces cerevisiae TFIID point mutants indicated that TFIIA interacts with the basic repeat region of TFIID and induces structural changes. The latter was shown by the a93024465 Purified cofactors and histone H1 mediate transcriptional regulation by CTF/NF-I. Dusserre Y; Mermod N Mol Cell Biol 12: 5228-37 (1992) The initiation of RNA polymerase II transcription is controlled by DNA sequence-specific activator proteins, in combination with cofactor polypeptides whose function is poorly understood. Transcriptio93024469 Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I regulate a thyroid-specific nuclear protein that binds to the thyroglobulin promoter. Santisteban P; Acebron A; Polycarpou-Schwarz M; Di Lauro R Mol Endocrinol 6: 1310-7 (1992) The mechanism responsible for the stimulation of thyroglobulin (Tg) gene expression by insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells has been investigated. Both insulin 93024489 Mechanisms of liver-specific gene expression. Sladek FM; Darnell JE Curr Opin Genet Dev 2: 256-9 (1992) Significant advances in the field of hepatocyte-specific gene expression have been made during the past year. Several new transcription factors have been cloned and partially characterized. Analyses o92345837 Interaction of the erythroid transcription factor cGATA-1 with a critical auto-regulatory element. Schwartzbauer G; Schlesinger K; Evans T Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4429-36 (1992) We have performed a mutational analysis of the promoter for the chicken erythroid-specific GATA-1 transcription factor, and have investigated in detail the interaction of the factor with an upstream a93027136 Cloning of human and bovine homologs of SNF2/SWI2: a global activator of transcription in yeast S. cerevisiae. Okabe I; Bailey LC; Attree O; Srinivasan S; Perkel JM; Laurent BC; Carlson M; Nelson DL; Nussbaum RL Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4649-55 (1992) We performed positional cloning of genes carried on yeast artificial chromosomes that span a human translocation breakpoint associated with a human disease and isolated by chance human and bovine gene93027164 Expression of a yeast metallothionein gene family is activated by a single metalloregulatory transcription factor. Zhou P; Szczypka MS; Sosinowski T; Thiele DJ Mol Cell Biol 12: 3766-75 (1992) The opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida glabrata elicits at least two major responses in the presence of high environmental metal levels: transcriptional induction of the metallothionein gene famil92375044 Isolation of genomic DNA encoding transcription factor TFIID from Acanthamoeba castellanii: characterization of the promoter. Wong JM; Liu F; Bateman E Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4817-24 (1992) We have isolated a genomic clone encoding Acanthamoeba castellanii TFIID. The clone contains the entire TFIID gene, 300 bp of 5' promoter sequences and several hundred base pairs of 3' non-coding sequ93027200 ABF1 is a phosphoprotein and plays a role in carbon source control of COX6 transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Silve S; Rhode PR; Coll B; Campbell J; Poyton RO Mol Cell Biol 12: 4197-208 (1992) Previously, we have shown that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA-binding protein ABF1 exists in at least two different electrophoretic forms (K. S. Sweder, P. R. Rhode, and J. L. Campbell, J. Biol. Che92375088 GreA protein: a transcription elongation factor from Escherichia coli. Borukhov S; Polyakov A; Nikiforov V; Goldfarb A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 8899-902 (1992) A protein identified as the 158-amino acid product of the greA gene was isolated from Escherichia coli. When added to a halted ternary transcription complex, the GreA protein induced cleavage and remo93028374 Cloning and chromosomal mapping of a human immunodeficiency virus 1 "TATA" element modulatory factor. Garcia JA; Ou SH; Wu F; Lusis AJ; Sparkes RS; Gaynor RB Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 9372-6 (1992) A critical regulatory element in many promoters transcribed by RNA polymerase II is the "TATA" box, which is located 25-30 nucleotides upstream of the transcription initiation site. TFIID is a biochem93028466 Sequence-specific recognition of DNA by zinc-finger peptides derived from the transcription factor Sp1. Kriwacki RW; Schultz SC; Steitz TA; Caradonna JP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 9759-63 (1992) We have overexpressed and purified two peptide fragments of Sp1 that contain the three "zinc-finger" domains necessary for specific Sp1 DNA binding. These peptides assume a stable, folded conformation93028542 Antirepression function in Escherichia coli for the cAMP-cAMP receptor protein transcriptional activator. Forsman K; Sonden B; Goransson M; Uhlin BE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 9880-4 (1992) The cAMP receptor protein (CRP) complex (cAMP-CRP) is a global regulator of gene expression. It influences transcription from a number of promoters in Escherichia coli, including two divergently orien93028567 Roles of mechano-sensitive ion channels, cytoskeleton, and contractile activity in stretch-induced immediate-early gene expression and hypertrophy of cardiac myocytes. Sadoshima J; Takahashi T; Jahn L; Izumo S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 9905-9 (1992) Mechanical loading of cardiac and skeletal muscles in vivo and in vitro causes rapid activation of a number of immediate-early (IE) genes and hypertrophy of muscle cells. However, little is known as t93028572 A phorbol ester response element within the human T-cell receptor beta-chain enhancer. Prosser HM; Wotton D; Gegonne A; Ghysdael J; Wang S; Speck NA; Owen MJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 9934-8 (1992) The activity of the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene enhancer is increased by activators of the protein kinase C pathway during T-cell activation. Analysis of mutant enhancer constructs identified two 93028577 Selective disruption of growth hormone transcription machinery by viral infection. de la Torre JC; Oldstone MB Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 9939-43 (1992) Viruses that establish persistent infections may show selective and unique effects on the host's transcriptional machinery. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a noncytolytic virus, can persist93028578 Autoregulation of the yeast lysyl-tRNA synthetase gene GCD5/KRS1 by translational and transcriptional control mechanisms. Lanker S; Bushman JL; Hinnebusch AG; Trachsel H; Mueller PP Cell 70: 647-57 (1992) We cloned the GCD5 gene of S. cerevisiae and found it to be identical to KRS1, which encodes lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS). The mutation gcd5-1 changes a conserved residue in the putative lysine-bindi92370685 A genetic system to study the in vivo role of transcriptional regulators in Escherichia coli. Perez-Martin J; Espinosa M Gene 116: 75-80 (1992) A genetic system for studying in vivo the interactions between a transcriptional regulatory protein and its target DNA has been developed for Escherichia coli. It is composed of two compatible plasmid92331953 New insights into activation of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Power RF; Conneely OM; O'Malley BW Trends Pharmacol Sci 13: 318-23 (1992) For many years the prevailing view of how steroid hormone receptors exert their effects on gene transcription has been that these intracellular receptor proteins, upon association with their specific 93032588 Analysis of the myogenin promoter reveals an indirect pathway for positive autoregulation mediated by the muscle-specific enhancer factor MEF-2. Edmondson DG; Cheng TC; Cserjesi P; Chakraborty T; Olson EN Mol Cell Biol 12: 3665-77 (1992) Transcriptional cascades that specify cell fate have been well described in invertebrates. In mammalian development, however, gene hierarchies involved in determination of cell lineage are not underst92375033 Effect of vasoactive agents on induction of Egr-1 in rat mesangial cells: correlation with mitogenicity. Rupprecht HD; Dann P; Sukhatme VP; Sterzel RB; Coleman DL Am J Physiol 263: F623-36 (1992) The early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1) is a member of the family of immediate early response genes. Egr-1 encodes a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds a specific nonameric DNA sequence through three 93035967 Determining the effect of inducible protein phosphorylation on the DNA-binding activity of transcription factors. Papavassiliou AG; Bohmann K; Bohmann D Anal Biochem 203: 302-9 (1992) Inducible phosphorylation or dephosphorylation of transcription factors is an important mechanism of signal-dependent gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. This paper describes a combination of techniq93036333 [T-lymphocyte activation: transcriptional and post-transcriptional events] Vaquero C Ann Rech Vet 23: 284-90 (1992) 93037142 Isolation and characterization of the promoter for the gene coding for the 68 kDa carnitine palmitoyltransferase from the rat. Brady PS; Park EA; Liu JS; Hanson RW; Brady LJ Biochem J 286 ( Pt 3): 779-83 (1992) Carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) regulates the flux of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria for subsequent beta-oxidation. A 485 bp segment of the promoter for the gene encoding the 68 kDa93038507 Simple derivation of TFIID-dependent RNA polymerase II transcription systems from Schizosaccharomyces pombe and other organisms, and factors required for transcriptional activation. Flanagan PM; Kelleher RJ 3d; Tschochner H; Sayre MH; Kornberg RD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 7659-63 (1992) Resolution of whole cell extract through two chromatographic steps yields a single protein fraction requiring only the addition of TFIID for the initiation of transcription at RNA polymerase II promot92366521 Platelet-derived growth factor-induced transcription of the vascular endothelial growth factor gene is mediated by protein kinase C. Finkenzeller G; Marme D; Weich HA; Hug H Cancer Res 52: 4821-3 (1992) Platelet-derived growth factor and phorbol ester cause an increase in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA expression in control NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and NIH 3T3 fibroblasts overexpressing hu92379801 The Epstein-Barr virus R transactivator (Rta) contains a complex, potent activation domain with properties different from those of VP16. Hardwick JM; Tse L; Applegren N; Nicholas J; Veliuona MA J Virol 66: 5500-8 (1992) Rta, encoded by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is a potent activator of transcription via enhancer sequences located upstream of several viral genes. To identify the domains of Rta that facilitate transcri92365141 GAL4 fusion vectors for expression in yeast or mammalian cells. Sadowski I; Bell B; Broad P; Hollis M Gene 118: 137-41 (1992) We describe two sets of vectors, one for yeast (pY1, pY2 and pY3) and one for mammalian cells (pM1, pM2, and pM3), that simplify the production of fusion proteins containing the DNA-binding domain of 92380481 Factors interacting with the rat carbamyl phosphate synthetase promoter in expressing and nonexpressing tissues. Goping IS; Lagace M; Shore GC Gene 118: 283-7 (1992) The proximal promoter of the rat carbamyl phosphate synthetase-encoding gene (CPS) contains at least six potential cis-acting regulatory elements (sites I-VI), as judged by DNase I footprint analysis 92380516 A possible regulatory role for conserved promoter motifs in an adult-specific muscle myosin gene from mouse. Takeda S; North DL; Lakich MM; Russell SD; Whalen RG J Biol Chem 267: 16957-67 (1992) The mouse gene encoding a myosin heavy chain (MHC) protein expressed in type IIB fibers of adult skeletal muscle has been cloned and its promoter isolated. A number of DNA sequence motifs are found wi92381000 M-CAT binding factor is related to the SV40 enhancer binding factor, TEF-1. Farrance IK; Mar JH; Ordahl CP J Biol Chem 267: 17234-40 (1992) M-CAT binding factor (MCBF) governs the activity of the cardiac troponin T gene promoter. M-CAT motifs have also been implicated recently in the regulation of other contractile protein genes which lik92381039 Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 enhancer is dependent on purine box and kappa B regulatory elements. Markovitz DM; Smith MJ; Hilfinger J; Hannibal MC; Petryniak B; Nabel GJ J Virol 66: 5479-84 (1992) Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) displays several features which distinguish it from HIV-1. Among the differences in these two viruses are the responses of their enhancer regions to T-cell 92365138 Transcriptional regulation of the human insulin receptor promoter. Cameron KE; Resnik J; Webster NJ J Biol Chem 267: 17375-83 (1992) The ability of the human insulin receptor promoter to direct expression of a linked chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene was assessed in transient transfections into HepG2 and Hela cells. A 5'-delet92381058 Nuclear factors that bind two regions important to transcriptional activity of the simian immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat. Winandy S; Renjifo B; Li Y; Hopkins N J Virol 66: 5216-23 (1992) Previous studies identified two regions in the U3 region of a molecular clone of simian immunodeficiency virus, SIVmac142, that are important to transcriptional activity under conditions of induction 92365107 The function of conserved elements in the promoter of the mouse angiotensinogen gene. Congiu M; Clouston WM; Fernley RT; Richards RI J Mol Endocrinol 9: 19-29 (1992) The angiotensinogen gene encodes the precursor protein for the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Although the gene is expressed in several tissues, the liver is the major source of circulating pr92384886 Analysis of proteins binding to the proximal promoter region of the human cytomegalovirus IE-1/2 enhancer/promoter reveals both consensus and aberrant recognition sequences for transcription factors SLang D; Fickenscher H; Stamminger T Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3287-95 (1992) Expression of the immediate early 1 and 2 gene (IE-1/2) of human cytomegalovirus, an important pathogen in immunosuppressed patients, is controlled by a strong enhancer/promoter. To define the promote92334975 Rapid induction in regenerating liver of RL/IF-1 (an I kappa B that inhibits NF-kappa B, RelB-p50, and c-Rel-p50) and PHF, a novel kappa B site-binding complex. Tewari M; Dobrzanski P; Mohn KL; Cressman DE; Hsu JC; Bravo R; Taub R Mol Cell Biol 12: 2898-908 (1992) The liver is one of the few adult tissues that has the capacity to regenerate following hepatectomy or toxic damage. In examining the early growth response during hepatic regeneration, we found that a92269863 Yeast SNF2/SWI2, SNF5, and SNF6 proteins function coordinately with the gene-specific transcriptional activators GAL4 and Bicoid. Laurent BC; Carlson M Genes Dev 6: 1707-15 (1992) The SNF2 (SWI2), SNF5, and SNF6 genes are required for transcription of many diversely regulated genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Previously, we showed that SNF2, SNF5, and SNF6 function interdepend92387545 The acidic activator GAL4-AH can stimulate polymerase II transcription by promoting assembly of a closed complex requiring TFIID and TFIIA. Wang W; Gralla JD; Carey M Genes Dev 6: 1716-27 (1992) The assembly of activated RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription complexes has been investigated by assaying whether pre-assembly of intermediate complexes reduces the extended time required for sta92387546 Mutations in the zinc fingers of ADR1 that change the specificity of DNA binding and transactivation. Thukral SK; Morrison ML; Young ET Mol Cell Biol 12: 2784-92 (1992) ADR1 is a yeast transcription factor that contains two zinc fingers of the Cys-2-His-2 (C2H2) class. Mutations that change the specificity of DNA binding of ADR1 to its target site, upstream activatio92269852 Yeast GCN4 as a probe for oncogenesis by AP-1 transcription factors: transcriptional activation through AP-1 sites is not sufficient for cellular transformation. Oliviero S; Robinson GS; Struhl K; Spiegelman BM Genes Dev 6: 1799-809 (1992) The Jun and Fos oncoproteins belong to the AP-1 family of transcriptional activators and are believed to induce cellular transformation by inappropriately activating genes involved in cell replication92387552 Conserved motifs in Fos and Jun define a new class of activation domain. Sutherland JA; Cook A; Bannister AJ; Kouzarides T Genes Dev 6: 1810-9 (1992) Fos and Jun form a tight heterodimeric complex that activates transcription by AP1 sites. We have recognized that two adjacent regions of the Jun A1 activation domain are conserved in the Fos protein,92387553 Functional binding of the "TATA" box binding component of transcription factor TFIID to the -30 region of TATA-less promoters. Wiley SR; Kraus RJ; Mertz JE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 5814-8 (1992) Many viral and cellular promoters transcribed in higher eukaryotes by RNA polymerase II lack obvious A+T-rich sequences, called "TATA" boxes, that bind the transcription factor TFIID. One such TATA-le92335188 Cell-specific glucocorticoid repression of calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide transcription. Localization to an 18-base pair basal enhancer element. Tverberg LA; Russo AF J Biol Chem 267: 17567-73 (1992) We have investigated the mechanisms underlying cell-specific glucocorticoid repression of calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) gene expression. Treatment with the synthetic glucocorticoid92388101 Members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily interact with TFIIB (S300-II). Ing NH; Beekman JM; Tsai SY; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW J Biol Chem 267: 17617-23 (1992) The S300-II factor was discovered as an activator of ovalbumin gene transcription with the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor (COUP-TF, Sagami, I., Tsai, S. Y., Wang, H., Tsai, M92388108 Regulation of expression of the neuronal POU protein Oct-2 by nerve growth factor. Wood JN; Lillycrop KA; Dent CL; Ninkina NN; Beech MM; Willoughby JJ; Winter J; Latchman DS J Biol Chem 267: 17787-91 (1992) POU proteins are a class of homeobox-containing transcription factors that regulate tissue-specific gene expression and influence cell differentiation and function. We have investigated the possible r92388134 Ecdysteroid-dependent regulation of genes in mammalian cells by a Drosophila ecdysone receptor and chimeric transactivators. Christopherson KS; Mark MR; Bajaj V; Godowski PJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 6314-8 (1992) Steroid receptors are members of a large family of transcription factors whose activity is tightly regulated by the binding of their cognate steroid ligand. Mammalian steroid hormone receptors have be92335288 The promoter of the CD19 gene is a target for the B-cell-specific transcription factor BSAP. Kozmik Z; Wang S; Dorfler P; Adams B; Busslinger M Mol Cell Biol 12: 2662-72 (1992) The CD19 protein is expressed on the surface of all B-lymphoid cells with the exception of terminally differentiated plasma cells and has been implicated as a signal-transducing receptor in the contro92269839 Expression of yeast cytochrome c1 is controlled at the transcriptional level by glucose, oxygen and haem. Oechsner U; Hermann H; Zollner A; Haid A; Bandlow W Mol Gen Genet 232: 447-59 (1992) The nuclear gene for cytochrome c1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (CYT1) was localized on chromosome XV. Its upstream region was identified by functional complementation. Fusion to the lacZ reporter gene92269766 Structure/function relationships of CREB/ATF proteins. Hoeffler JP J Invest Dermatol 98: 21S-28S (1992) Signal-transduction pathways converge ultimately at the level of transcriptional activation to produce specific patterns of gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. The initiation of tran92268607 Variants of the TATA-binding protein can distinguish subsets of RNA polymerase I, II, and III promoters. Schultz MC; Reeder RH; Hahn S Cell 69: 697-702 (1992) Transcription extracts prepared from yeast that are deficient in the TATA-binding protein (TBP or TFIID) are also impaired in specific promoter recognition by all three nuclear RNA polymerases (pol I,92266401 Analysis of functional cooperativity between individual transcription-stimulating elements in the proximal region of the rat prolactin gene. d'Emden MC; Okimura Y; Maurer RA Mol Endocrinol 6: 581-8 (1992) The proximal region of the rat PRL gene contains at least five transcription-stimulating elements that are located within a 170-basepair region up-stream of the TATA box. These cis-acting elements inc92261614 Locus-specific transcriptional control of HLA genes. Soong TW; Hui KM J Immunol 149: 2008-20 (1992) One remarkable genetic feature of the class I MHC genes is their unparalleled degree of genetic polymorphism and diversity. The polymorphism is reflected by the fact that multiple loci encode class I 92388670 Characterization of transcription and processing from plasmids that use polIII and a yeast tRNA gene as promoter to transcribe promoter-deficient downstream DNA. Otter CA; Edqvist J; Straby KB Biochim Biophys Acta 1131: 62-8 (1992) Transfer RNA (tRNA) with mutations affecting the internal promoters and thereby causing them to be nontranscribable by polIII (exemplified, e.g., by nematode tDNAPro with large insertions between the 92256492 Functional characterization of the promoter of pp63, a gene encoding a natural inhibitor of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase. Falquerho L; Paquereau L; Vilarem MJ; Galas S; Patey G; Le Cam A Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1983-90 (1992) PP63 is a liver specific phosphorylated glycoprotein encoded by a single copy gene, which has the property of inhibiting both autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity of the insulin receptor. 92253422 A region of herpes simplex virus VP16 can substitute for a transforming domain of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2. Cohen JI Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 8030-4 (1992) Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) nuclear protein 2 (EBNA-2) is essential for EBV-induced B-cell transformation in vitro. EBNA-2 contains a 14-amino acid domain that directly activates transcription and is req92390382 Human general transcription factor IIH phosphorylates the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II [see comments] Lu H; Zawel L; Fisher L; Egly JM; Reinberg D Nature 358: 641-5 (1992) Phosphorylation of the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II is believed to control the transition from transcription initiation to elongation. The general transcription 92357139 Mechanism of assembly of the RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex. Transcription factors delta and epsilon promote stable binding of the transcription apparatus to the initiator element. Conaway JW; Bradsher JN; Conaway RC J Biol Chem 267: 10142-8 (1992) Assembly of RNA polymerase II with the core region of TATA box-containing promoters requires the action of the TATA factor and four transcription factors designated alpha, beta gamma, delta, and epsil92250576 Overproduction of four functionally active proteins, TnsA, B, C, and D, required for Tn7 transposition to its attachment site, attTn7. Flores CC; Cotterill S; Lichtenstein CP Plasmid 28: 80-5 (1992) The bacterial transposon Tn7 encodes five trans-acting transposition genes, tnsA, B, C, D, and E. Tn7 requires four of these genes, tnsA, B, C, and D, for a novel transposition pathway: high-efficienc92390520 Structural analysis of the acfA and acfD genes of Vibrio cholerae: effects of DNA topology and transcriptional activators on expression. Parsot C; Mekalanos JJ J Bacteriol 174: 5211-8 (1992) The Vibrio cholerae acfA, B, C, and D genes are involved in the synthesis of a colonization factor; their expression is under the control of ToxR, the cholera toxin transcriptional activator. By a com92355492 DNA gyrase, CS7.4, and the cold shock response in Escherichia coli. Jones PG; Krah R; Tafuri SR; Wolffe AP J Bacteriol 174: 5798-802 (1992) We identify the A subunit of DNA gyrase as a cold shock protein whose synthesis is sustained following transfer of exponentially growing cultures of Escherichia coli from 37 to 10 degrees C. After a l92394881 TFIIA is required for in vitro transcription of mammalian U6 genes by RNA polymerase III. Waldschmidt R; Seifart KH J Biol Chem 267: 16359-64 (1992) Transcription factor TFIIA, defined by its role in transcription by RNA polymerase II, is also involved in RNA polymerase III transcription of mammalian U6 small nuclear RNA genes. This finding was su92355600 [Transcription machinery and its regulatory mechanism in plants] Yamazaki K Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 37: 1137-45 (1992) 92294400 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAM2/SIN3 protein plays a role in both activation and repression of transcription. Yoshimoto H; Ohmae M; Yamashita I Mol Gen Genet 233: 327-30 (1992) We have cloned GAM2, which is required for transcription of STA1, a gene encoding an extracellular glucoamylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. diastaticus. DNA sequence analysis revealed that GAM2 i92293134 Human cytomegalovirus contains a tegument protein that enhances transcription from promoters with upstream ATF and AP-1 cis-acting elements. Liu B; Stinski MF J Virol 66: 4434-44 (1992) The tegument proteins of human cytomegalovirus are introduced into cells as components of infectious virus. The tegument proteins may affect viral and cellular transcription prior to the synthesis of 92292270 The regulation of transcription by phosphorylation. Hunter T; Karin M Cell 70: 375-87 (1992) 92354055 The nucleolar transcription factor mUBF is phosphorylated by casein kinase II in the C-terminal hyperacidic tail which is essential for transactivation. Voit R; Schnapp A; Kuhn A; Rosenbauer H; Hirschmann P; Stunnenberg HG; Grummt I EMBO J 11: 2211-8 (1992) UBF is a DNA binding protein which interacts with both the promoter and the enhancer of various vertebrate ribosomal RNA genes and functions as a transcription initiation factor for RNA polymerase I (92289686 NF-I/Sp1 switch elements regulate collagen alpha 1(I) gene expression. Nehls MC; Grapilon ML; Brenner DA DNA Cell Biol 11: 443-52 (1992) The expression of type I collagen is regulated developmentally and tissue specifically. Two sets of binding sites for nuclear factor I (NF-I) and Sp1 transcription factors arrayed as an imperfect tand92398775 Differential splicing of the GHF1 primary transcript gives rise to two functionally distinct homeodomain proteins. Theill LE; Hattori K; Lazzaro D; Castrillo JL; Karin M EMBO J 11: 2261-9 (1992) The POU domain protein GHF-1 has a critical role in generation, proliferation and phenotypic expression of three pituitary cell types. GHF-1 functions in part by binding to and transactivating the pro92289691 Nondissociation of GAL4 and GAL80 in vivo after galactose induction. Leuther KK; Johnston SA Science 256: 1333-5 (1992) Transcription of galactose-inducible genes in yeast is regulated by interaction between the activator protein GAL4 and the negative regulatory protein GAL80. It has been suggested that GAL80 binds to 92285697 Two upstream elements activate transcription of a major histocompatibility complex class I gene in vitro. Driggers PH; Elenbaas BA; An JB; Lee IJ; Ozato K Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2533-40 (1992) Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes exhibits unique tissue and developmental specificity. In an effort to study molecular mechanisms of MHC class I gene regulation, an i92285137 The C terminus of the NF-kappa B p50 precursor and an I kappa B isoform contain transcription activation domains. Morin PJ; Gilmore TD Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2453-8 (1992) The p50 subunit of the NF-kappa B transcription complex is derived from the N-terminal half of a larger precursor protein, p105. Although a fair amount is known about functions located within the p50 92285126 High resolution studies of the Xenopus laevis ribosomal gene promoter in vivo and in vitro. Read C; Larose AM; Leblanc B; Bannister AJ; Firek S; Smith DR; Moss T J Biol Chem 267: 10961-7 (1992) The first high resolution maps of the Xenopus laevis ribosomal promoter and its flanking regions (-179 to +14) have been created by assaying point mutants both in oocyte and in vitro. Within the promo92283788 Repression of myogenin function by TGF-beta 1 is targeted at the basic helix-loop-helix motif and is independent of E2A products. Martin JF; Li L; Olson EN J Biol Chem 267: 10956-60 (1992) The muscle-specific helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins myogenin, MyoD, myf5, and MRF4 form hetero-oligomers with ubiquitous HLH proteins encoded by the E2A gene and activate muscle transcription by bindi92283787 Structure and organization of the human S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene. Maric SC; Crozat A; Janne OA J Biol Chem 267: 18915-23 (1992) Genomic clones for the S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) decarboxylase gene were isolated from a human chromosome 6 DNA library. In addition, polymerase chain reaction and specific primers were used to am92406815 Transcriptional enhancer factor (TEF)-1 and its cell-specific co-activator activate human papillomavirus-16 E6 and E7 oncogene transcription in keratinocytes and cervical carcinoma cells. Ishiji T; Lace MJ; Parkkinen S; Anderson RD; Haugen TH; Cripe TP; Xiao JH; Davidson I; Chambon P; Turek LP EMBO J 11: 2271-81 (1992) The human papillomavirus (HPV)-16 oncogenes, E6 and E7, are transcribed preferentially in keratinocytes and cervical carcinoma cells due to a 5' enhancer. An abundant peptide binding to a 37 nt enhanc92289692 Cloning and characterization of a thermolabile v-src gene for use in reversible transformation of mammalian cells. Maroney AC; Qureshi SA; Foster DA; Brugge JS Oncogene 7: 1207-14 (1992) The use of temperature-sensitive (ts) src mutants for studies of cell transformation and differentiation has been limited by the availability of cloned ts-src genes that are inactivated at temperature92278773 A combination of upstream and proximal elements is required for efficient expression of the mouse renin promoter in cultured cells. Tamura K; Tanimoto K; Murakami K; Fukamizu A Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3617-23 (1992) Renin, a key enzyme controlling blood pressure, is produced mainly in the kidney. To identify the transcriptional regulatory elements of the mouse Ren-1c gene, the promoter regions were fused to the C92350660 Role of CAAT-enhancer binding protein isoforms in the cytokine regulation of acute-phase plasma protein genes. Baumann H; Morella KK; Campos SP; Cao Z; Jahreis GP J Biol Chem 267: 19744-51 (1992) Rat hepatic cells respond to interleukin (IL) -1, IL-6, and dexamethasone treatment by increasing the transcription rate of acute-phase plasma protein genes. The same conditions lead to changes in the92406937 Gene regulation. Transcriptional transgressions [news] Green MR Nature 357: 364-5 (1992) 92278425 A ubiquitous factor is required for C/EBP-related proteins to form stable transcription complexes on an albumin promoter segment in vitro. Milos PM; Zaret KS Genes Dev 6: 991-1004 (1992) The liver-enriched transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) binds to numerous liver-specific promoters, yet the mechanism by which the protein stimulates transcription has not been 92275362 A novel DNA binding activity is elevated in thymocytes expressing high levels of H-2Dd after radiation leukemia virus infection. Nobunaga T; Brown GD; Morris DR; Meruelo D J Immunol 149: 871-9 (1992) Resistance to radiation leukemia virus-induced leukemia is mediated by gene(s) in the H-2D region of the MHC; a clear correlation exists between disease resistance and increased H-2Dd expression on th92340891 Cyclosporin A and FK506 prevent the derepression of the IL-2 gene in mitogen-induced primary T lymphocytes. Mouzaki A; Dai Y; Weil R; Rungger D Cytokine 4: 151-60 (1992) In resting primary T lymphocytes the interleukin 2 (IL-2) gene is silenced by a repressor binding to the Pud element spanning positions -292 to -264 upstream of the cap site. Upon T-cell activation, t92338321 The basic RNA polymerase II transcriptional machinery. Weinmann R Gene Expr 2: 81-91 (1992) All genes encoding proteins in eukaryotes are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. The first step in analyzing transcriptional regulation requires understanding the general mechanisms of RNA polymerase I92338693 Recovery from hemophilia B Leyden: an androgen-responsive element in the factor IX promoter. Crossley M; Ludwig M; Stowell KM; De Vos P; Olek K; Brownlee GG Science 257: 377-9 (1992) One form of the inherited, X-linked, bleeding disorder, hemophilia B, resolves after puberty. Mutations at -20 and -26 in the clotting factor IX promoter impair transcription by disrupting the binding92335882 Negative autoregulation of the neu gene is mediated by a novel enhancer. Zhao XY; Hung MC Mol Cell Biol 12: 2739-48 (1992) In an attempt to study potential feedback regulation of the neu oncogene, we have found that the neu oncogene product specifically represses its own promoter activity. Deletion analysis indicated a 1492269847 Repression of the H5 histone gene by a factor from erythrocytes that binds to the region of transcription initiation. Gomez-Cuadrado A; Rousseau S; Renaud J; Ruiz-Carrillo A EMBO J 11: 1857-66 (1992) Expression of histone H5, like that of other erythrocyte specific proteins, declines during the latter stages of erythroid maturation because of a decrease in the rate of gene transcription. Here, we 92258395 The murine Hox-2.4 promoter contains a functional octamer motif. Zwartkruis F; Hoeijmakers T; Deschamps J; Meijlink F Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1599-606 (1992) Like other HOX genes the murine Hox-2.4 gene is thought to be involved in regional specification along the antero-posterior axis. In addition it has been reported to have oncogenic potential. We studi92253357 Induction of immediate-early gene proteins in dentate granule cells and somatostatin interneurons after hippocampal seizures. Dragunow M; Yamada N; Bilkey DK; Lawlor P Brain Res Mol Brain Res 13: 119-26 (1992) The expression of the protein products of the immediate-early genes c-fos, Fos B, Fos-related proteins (FRAs), c-jun, jun B, jun D and krox-24 was investigated in the rat hippocampus at various times 92252631 The Drosophila pumilio gene: an unusually long transcription unit and an unusual protein. Macdonald PM Development 114: 221-32 (1992) Specification of the posterior body plan in Drosophila requires the action of a determinant prelocalized to the posterior pole of the embryo. During embryogenesis this determinant appears to move ante92249205 The herpes simplex virus immediate-early protein ICP27 stimulates the transcription of cellular Alu repeated sequences by increasing the activity of transcription factor TFIIIC. Jang KL; Latchman DS Biochem J 284 ( Pt 3): 667-73 (1992) Infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) results in an increase in the transcription of the endogenous Alu repeated sequence by RNA polymerase III. This effect is also observed in uninfected cells st92321984 The same dorsal binding site mediates both activation and repression in a context-dependent manner. Pan D; Courey AJ EMBO J 11: 1837-42 (1992) Like many DNA binding transcription factors, the Drosophila morphogen encoded by dorsal can both stimulate and repress promoter activity. In particular, this factor activates twist and represses zerkn92258393 Cloning and characterization of the human gene encoding p11: structural similarity to other members of the S-100 gene family. Harder T; Kube E; Gerke V Gene 113: 269-74 (1992) The human gene (CLP11) encoding p11, the cellular ligand of the tyrosine kinase substrate, annexin II (AnxII), has been isolated from a human genomic library. Restriction mapping and sequencing reveal92241679 Identification of a coactivator that increases activation of transcription by serum response factor and GAL4-VP16 in vitro. Zhu H; Pyrwes R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 5291-5 (1992) We have identified an activity in HeLa cell nuclear extracts that increases activation of transcription in vitro by serum response factor (SRF). This coactivator activity, termed CoS, did not affect b92302230 Transcriptional regulation. A closer look at E2F [news] Nevins JR Nature 358: 375-6 (1992) 92350275 Control of transcription activation by steroid hormone receptors. Gronemeyer H FASEB J 6: 2524-9 (1992) Multiple regulatory mechanisms assure that signal transduction, involving the nuclear receptor interface, results in an accurate regulation of the respective gene networks. These mechanisms involve se92275238 [Statistical analysis of enhancers of a series of eukaryotic genes] Turpaev KT; Goriunov AV Mol Biol (Mosk) 26: 601-16 (1992) Consensus sequences of transcription factors IRF, E12/E47, MBF1 and MyoD1 were represented as combination of the short oligonucleotide patterns ("enhansones"). The ad hoc computer program was employed93024362 Examination of the DNA-binding ability of estrogen receptor in whole cells: implications for hormone-independent transactivation and the actions of antiestrogens. Reese JC; Katzenellenbogen BS Mol Cell Biol 12: 4531-8 (1992) We describe an assay employing the competitive binding of estrogen receptor (ER) with basal transcription factors on a constitutive promoter (cytomegalovirus-hormone response element[s]-chloramphenico93024397 Distinct roles for the two cGATA-1 finger domains. Yang HY; Evans T Mol Cell Biol 12: 4562-70 (1992) We have generated and analyzed by functional assays mutations of the chicken erythroid transcription factor GATA-1. The cGATA-1 protein contains two related finger domains highly conserved across spec93024401 Characterization of a high affinity octamer transcription factor binding site in the human lipoprotein lipase promoter. Currie RA; Eckel RH Arch Biochem Biophys 298: 630-9 (1992) A high affinity octamer transcription factor (OTF-1) binding site has been identified and characterized at position--46 base pairs (bp) in the proximal human lipoprotein lipase (LPL) promoter. The aff93037504 Species-specific binding of transformed Ah receptor to a dioxin responsive transcriptional enhancer. Bank PA; Yao EF; Phelps CL; Harper PA; Denison MS Eur J Pharmacol 228: 85-94 (1992) The Ah receptor (AhR) mediates many, if not all, of the toxic and biological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) and related halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Although wide 93076882 Novel roles for neurotrophins are suggested by BDNF and NT-3 mRNA expression in developing neurons. Schecterson LC; Bothwell M Neuron 9: 449-63 (1992) The results of our in situ hybridization experiments demonstrate that sensory neurons, sympathetic neurons, and motoneurons express brain-derived neurotrophic factor and/or neurotrophin-3 mRNAs during92398964 Expression of collagenase and potential transcriptional factors c-fos and egr-1 in periodontal gingival fibroblasts. Trabandt A; Gay RE; Sukhatme VP; Gay S J Oral Pathol Med 21: 232-40 (1992) In view of the important role of fibroblast-type collagenase in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease (PD), we investigated the expression of this metalloproteinase in primary cultures of non-stimul93020427 Transcriptional control of nuclear genes for the mitochondrial muscle ADP/ATP translocator and the ATP synthase beta subunit. Multiple factors interact with the OXBOX/REBOX promoter sequences. Chung AB; Stepien G; Haraguchi Y; Li K; Wallace DC J Biol Chem 267: 21154-61 (1992) The OXBOX promoter regions of the genes for the muscle-specific adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT1) and the beta subunit of the ATPsynthase (ATPsyn beta) have been implicated in the increased trans93016037 Transcriptional regulation and increased functional expression of the inositol trisphosphate receptor in retinoic acid-treated HL-60 cells. Bradford PG; Wang X; Jin Y; Hui P J Biol Chem 267: 20959-64 (1992) The inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor is an essential regulator of intracellular calcium in many cells including chemoattractant- and cytokine-stimulated neutrophils and differentiated promyeloc93016009 Identification of an activating transcription factor (ATF) binding site in the human transforming growth factor-beta 2 promoter. O'Reilly MA; Geiser AG; Kim SJ; Bruggeman LA; Luu AX; Roberts AB; Sporn MB J Biol Chem 267: 19938-43 (1992) Transforming growth factor TGF-beta 2 is encoded by multiple mRNA transcripts of 5.8, 5.1, 4.0, 3.8, and 2.8 kilobase pairs (kb) that are expressed in various human and monkey cells. Northern blot ana93015852 Bacteriophage P1 gene 10 is expressed from a promoter-operator sequence controlled by C1 and Bof proteins. Lehnherr H; Velleman M; Guidolin A; Arber W J Bacteriol 174: 6138-44 (1992) Gene 10 of bacteriophage P1 encodes a regulatory function required for the activation of P1 late promoter sequences. In this report cis and trans regulatory functions involved in the transcriptional c93015652 Comparison of the sequence and structure of transcription factor IIIA from Bufo americanus and Rana pipiens. Gaskins CJ; Smith JF; Ogilvie MK; Hanas JS Gene 120: 197-206 (1992) Amino acid (aa) sequences of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) from the toad, Bufo americanus, and the grass frog, Rana pipiens, were determined by cDNA cloning and DNA sequencing. The 3'-untranslate93013035 Modulation of cellular and viral promoters by mutant human p53 proteins found in tumor cells. Deb S; Jackson CT; Subler MA; Martin DW J Virol 66: 6164-70 (1992) Wild-type p53 has recently been shown to repress transcription from several cellular and viral promoters. Since p53 mutations are the most frequently reported genetic defects in human cancers, it beco92408011 A common trans-acting factor, Ad4-binding protein, to the promoters of steroidogenic P-450s. Morohashi K; Honda S; Inomata Y; Handa H; Omura T J Biol Chem 267: 17913-9 (1992) Previous studies of bovine CYP11B1 gene regulation revealed six cis-acting elements, Ad1, Ad2, Ad3, Ad4, Ad5, and Ad6, in the 5' upstream region of the gene. Ad4 site was a positive transcription elem92388150 Sequences of the bovine herpesvirus 1 homologue of herpes simplex virus type-1 alpha-trans-inducing factor (UL48). Carpenter DE; Misra V Gene 119: 259-63 (1992) A virion protein of herpes simplex virus type-1, called Vmw65, alpha TIF or VP16, interacts with cellular transcription factors to transactivate immediate early viral genes. We have cloned and determi93012995 Cyclin E/cdk2 and cyclin A/cdk2 kinases associate with p107 and E2F in a temporally distinct manner. Lees E; Faha B; Dulic V; Reed SI; Harlow E Genes Dev 6: 1874-85 (1992) Cyclin E is classified as a putative G1 cyclin on the basis of its cyclic pattern of mRNA expression, with maximal levels being detected near the G1/S boundary. We report here that cyclin E is found a93012944 Protein-DNA interactions and a putative papillomavirus binding factor. Khan IM; Malcolm AD; Kamalati T; Buluwela L Biochem Soc Trans 20: 212S (1992) 93012352 Genomic organization and DNA sequences of human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase genes and flanking regions. Localization of multiple Alu sequences and putative cis-acting elements. Peltoketo H; Isomaa V; Vihko R Eur J Biochem 209: 459-66 (1992) Genomic 17 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (17-HSD) clones were isolated from a human leucocyte genomic library using cDNA encoding human placental 17-HSD as a probe. The overlapping fragments spann93011163 A novel myoblast enhancer element mediates MyoD transcription. Tapscott SJ; Lassar AB; Weintraub H Mol Cell Biol 12: 4994-5003 (1992) The MyoD gene can orchestrate the expression of the skeletal muscle differentiation program. We have identified the regions of the gene necessary to reproduce transcription specific to skeletal myobla93024445 [PHO2 and GCN4 transcription activators in the regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae acid phosphatase synthesis] Belova IV; Sambuk EV; Padkina MV; Smirnov MN Genetika 28: 11-8 (1992) The possibility of substitution of the PHO2 activator protein by GCN4 protein in transcriptional regulation of acid phosphatase genes PHO5 and PHO11 was demonstrated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevis92347675 Mutations in two cysteine-histidine-rich clusters in adenovirus type 2 DNA polymerase affect DNA binding. Joung I; Engler JA J Virol 66: 5788-96 (1992) Several point and linker insertion mutations in two Cys-His-rich regions of adenovirus (Ad) DNA polymerase (Pol) gene have been expressed in recombinant vaccinia virus. The resulting mutant enzymes we92407971 Use of transgenic mice to map cis-acting elements in the intestinal fatty acid binding protein gene (Fabpi) that control its cell lineage-specific and regional patterns of expression along the duodenaCohn SM; Simon TC; Roth KA; Birkenmeier EH; Gordon JI J Cell Biol 119: 27-44 (1992) The mouse intestinal epithelium is able to establish and maintain complex lineage-specific, spatial, and temporal patterns of gene expression despite its rapid and continuous renewal. A multipotent st92407038 A cluster of expressed zinc finger protein genes in the pericentromeric region of human chromosome 10. Rousseau-Merck MF; Tunnacliffe A; Berger R; Ponder BA; Thiesen HJ Genomics 13: 845-8 (1992) Three members of the human zinc finger Kruppel family, ZNF11/KOX2, ZNF22/KOX15, and ZNF25/KOX19, have been regionally localized to the pericentromeric region of chromosome 10 by in situ chromosomal hy92347890 Down-regulation of E1a expression by E3 gene products in group C adenoviruses. Zhang X; Mullbacher A; Braithwaite AW Immunol Cell Biol 70 ( Pt 1): 65-71 (1992) Mutant group C adenoviruses defective in expression of the E3 transcription unit were found to overexpress E1a proteins relative to wild-type adenoviruses. This result suggests that one or more protei92347924 Trans-dominant inhibition of transcription activator LFB1. Nicosia A; Tafi R; Monaci P Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5321-8 (1992) Liver-enriched factor LFB1 (also named HNF1) is a dimeric transcription activator which is essential for the expression of many hepatocyte-specific genes. Here we demonstrate that LFB1 mutants in the 93065197 Terminal regions of the NS-1 protein of the parvovirus minute virus of mice are involved in cytotoxicity and promoter trans inhibition. Legendre D; Rommelaere J J Virol 66: 5705-13 (1992) The nonstructural (NS) transcription unit of minute virus of mice (MVMp) encodes proteins that are involved in viral DNA replication and in the regulation of homologous and heterologous promoters. Mor92407962 An S1 nuclease-sensitive homopurine/homopyrimidine domain in the PDGF A-chain promoter contains a novel binding site for the growth factor-inducible protein EGR-1. Wang ZY; Deuel TF Biochem Biophys Res Commun 188: 433-9 (1992) Transcription of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain gene is activated in cells exposed to growth factors. We now have identified a homopurine/homopyrimidine domain in the promoter regio93038696 Sequence-specific DNA binding by a two zinc-finger peptide from the Drosophila melanogaster Tramtrack protein. Fairall L; Harrison SD; Travers AA; Rhodes D J Mol Biol 226: 349-66 (1992) We show that the DNA-binding domain of the Drosophila melanogaster regulatory protein Tramtrack consists of a 66 amino acid sequence containing two zinc-finger motifs and a short sequence N-terminal t92349422 Retinoblastoma gene product activates expression of the human TGF-beta 2 gene through transcription factor ATF-2. Kim SJ; Wagner S; Liu F; O'Reilly MA; Robbins PD; Green MR Nature 358: 331-4 (1992) The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product (pRb) plays an important role in constraining cellular proliferation and in regulating the cell cycle. The pRb inhibits transcription of genes involved i92350254 The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor mediates the induction of CYP4A6, a cytochrome P450 fatty acid omega-hydroxylase, by clofibric acid. Muerhoff AS; Griffin KJ; Johnson EF J Biol Chem 267: 19051-3 (1992) Gene transfer experiments indicate that induction by the peroxisome proliferators, clofibric acid and WY-14,643, of luciferase expression driven by the promoter and 5'-flanking sequences of the rabbit92406837 Phosphorylation of transcription factor p62TCF by MAP kinase stimulates ternary complex formation at c-fos promoter. Gille H; Sharrocks AD; Shaw PE Nature 358: 414-7 (1992) Transcription of the proto-oncogene c-fos is stimulated rapidly and transiently by serum growth factors and mitogens. Critical for this response is the serum-response element which is bound in vivo in92350282 Characterization of an enhancer upstream from the muscle-type promoter of a gene encoding 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. Darville MI; Antoine IV; Rousseau GG Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3575-83 (1992) The muscle-type isozyme of rat 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase is encoded by a mRNA transcribed from the M promoter of a 55-kb gene, which also produces the liver-type isozyme fro92350655 Reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat elements are efficient promoters in cells of various species and tissue origin, including human lymphoid cells. Ridgway AA Gene 121: 213-8 (1992) Promiscuous transcriptional activity of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) long terminal repeat (LTR) was detected in transient expression assays using LTR-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase-encodin93077034 Phosphorylation of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein by protein kinase C attenuates site-selective DNA binding. Mahoney CW; Shuman J; McKnight SL; Chen HC; Huang KP J Biol Chem 267: 19396-403 (1992) Four DNA-recombinant proteins, corresponding to the DNA-binding domain of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), were phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C (PKC). High-performance liquid chroma92406888 Construction of a tetracycline-inducible promoter in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Faryar K; Gatz C Curr Genet 21: 345-9 (1992) We have developed a tightly repressed Schizosaccharomyces pombe promoter which can be efficiently induced by Tetracycline. This promoter is a derivative of the plant viral cauliflower mosaic virus 35S92405232 The PAR1 (YAP1/SNQ3) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a c-jun homologue, is involved in oxygen metabolism. Schnell N; Krems B; Entian KD Curr Genet 21: 269-73 (1992) The PAR1/SNQ3 gene of S. cerevisiae, which increases resistance to iron chelators in multi-copy transformants, is identical to the YAP1 gene, a yeast activator protein isolated as a functional homolog92405220 Is DNA strand transfer protein alpha also a transcription factor? [letter] Baker RT Cell 70: 877 (1992) 92405158 Promoter context- and response element-dependent specificity of the transcriptional activation and modulating functions of retinoic acid receptors. Nagpal S; Saunders M; Kastner P; Durand B; Nakshatri H; Chambon P Cell 70: 1007-19 (1992) Using several naturally occurring and synthetic retinoic acid (RA)-responsive reporter genes, we show that the patterns of transcriptional activation by various retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retino92405150 Characterization and developmental expression of Xenopus C/EBP gene. Xu Q; Tata JR Mech Dev 38: 69-81 (1992) The Xenopus homolog of the transcription factor C/EBP (CCAAT/enhancer core binding protein), cloned from an adult Xenopus liver cDNA library, encodes a protein whose sequence is 67% homologous to that92399265 Short- and long-term effects of insulin on tyrosine aminotransferase gene expression. Messina JL; Chatterjee AK; Strapko HT; Weinstock RS Arch Biochem Biophys 298: 56-62 (1992) In the present study the relationship between changes in tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) enzyme activity, cytoplasmic mRNA levels, and gene transcription in response to both short- and long-term expos92398363 Inhibition of EGR-1 and NF-kappa B gene expression by dexamethasone during phorbol ester-induced human monocytic differentiation. Hass R; Brach M; Gunji H; Kharbanda S; Kufe D Biochem Pharmacol 44: 1569-76 (1992) The treatment of human myeloid leukemia cells (HL-60, U-937, THP-1) with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is associated with growth arrest and appearance of a differentiated monocytic phenot93038857 In vitro activation of distinct molecular and cellular phenotypes after induction of differentiation in a human neuroblastoma cell line. Gaetano C; Matsumoto K; Thiele CJ Cancer Res 52: 4402-7 (1992) In this report we provide evidence for the activation of distinct differentiation pathways during treatment of the neuroblastoma cell line SMS-KCNR with 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) and/or 5 mic92354017 Analysis of the MSS51 region on chromosome XII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Simon M; Della Seta F; Sor F; Faye G Yeast 8: 559-67 (1992) We have localized gene MSS51 on chromosome XII of Saccharomyces cerevisiae between the RDN1 and CDC42 loci. 'Head to head' with MSS51 is another gene, QRI5, the function of which is unknown. However, 92397593 Anaerobic growth of Rhodopseudomonas palustris on 4-hydroxybenzoate is dependent on AadR, a member of the cyclic AMP receptor protein family of transcriptional regulators. Dispensa M; Thomas CT; Kim MK; Perrotta JA; Gibson J; Harwood CS J Bacteriol 174: 5803-13 (1992) The purple nonsulfur phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris converts structurally diverse aromatic carboxylic acids, including lignin monomers, to benzoate and 4-hydroxybenzoate under anaer92394882 Retrodifferentiation--an alternative biological pathway in human leukemia cells. Hass R Eur J Cell Biol 58: 1-11 (1992) Human myeloid leukemia cells (i.e., HL-60, U937, THP-1) which are induced to differentiate along the monocytic pathway by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), revert back to the undifferentiate92354561 Purification of HlyX, a potential regulator of haemolysin synthesis, and properties of HlyX:FNR hybrids. Green J; Sharrocks AD; MacInnes JI; Guest JR Proc R Soc Lond [Biol] 248: 79-84 (1992) The hlyX gene of the swine pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is homologous to FNR, an anaerobic transcriptional regulator of Escherichia coli. It endows a haemolytic phenotype upon E. coli, and92396709 [Ribosomal RNA synthesis in the nucleolus] Mishima Y Seikagaku 64: 312-6 (1992) 92395323 Serum response factor p67SRF is expressed and required during myogenic differentiation of both mouse C2 and rat L6 muscle cell lines. Vandromme M; Gauthier-Rouviere C; Carnac G; Lamb N; Fernandez A J Cell Biol 118: 1489-500 (1992) The 67-kD serum response factor (p67SRF) is a ubiquitous nuclear transcription factor that acts by direct binding to a consensus DNA sequence, the serum response element (SRE), present in the promoter92394975 The carbamyl phosphate synthetase promoter contains multiple binding sites for C/EBP-related proteins. Lagace M; Goping IS; Mueller CR; Lazzaro M; Shore GC Gene 118: 231-8 (1992) The promoter of the gene (CPS) encoding rat carbamyl phosphate synthetase I has been mapped 5' to a segment of about 525 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start point and, when analyzed in l92380508 Regulation of U3 snRNA expression during myoblast differentiation. Glibetic M; Larson DE; Sienna N; Bachellerie JP; Sells BH Exp Cell Res 202: 183-9 (1992) Differentiation of proliferating rat L6 myoblasts to syncytial multinucleated myotubes results in a significant downshift in the rate of U3 snRNA gene transcription, paralleling the decrease in rRNA s92380245 Transcriptional inhibition of endotoxin-induced monokine synthesis following heat shock in murine peritoneal macrophages. Snyder YM; Guthrie L; Evans GF; Zuckerman SH J Leukoc Biol 51: 181-7 (1992) The role of heat shock proteins (HSP) during the inflammatory response has been controversial. The effect of heat shock (HS) on the synthesis of the monokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleuk93057061 Activation of HLA-DR and interleukin-6 gene transcription in resting T cells via the CD2 molecule: relevance to chronic immune-mediated inflammation. Linardopoulos S; Corrigall V; Panayi GS Scand J Immunol 36: 469-77 (1992) Only a minority of T cells at cell-mediated immune lesions are antigen specific. In the lesions of human autoimmune disease, such as the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis, the T cells are acti92390683 The complete sequence of genome segment 8 of bluetongue virus, serotype 1, which encodes the nonstructural protein, NS2. Wade-Evans AM Gene 118: 295-6 (1992) Bluetongue virus has a ten-segment double-stranded RNA genome, of which segment 8 encodes a nonstructural protein NS2. This protein is the only bluetongue viral protein to be phosphorylated and also h92380519 Protein-DNA interactions at the H4-site III upstream transcriptional element of a cell cycle regulated histone H4 gene: differences in normal versus tumor cells. van der Houven van Oordt CW; van Wijnen AJ; Carter R; Soprano K; Lian JB; Stein GS; Stein JL J Cell Biochem 49: 93-110 (1992) Upstream sequences of the H4 histone gene FO108 located between nt -418 to -213 are stimulatory for in vivo transcription. This domain contains one protein/DNA interaction site (H4-Site III) that bind92355668 Rearrangement of centromeric satellite DNA in hippocampal neurons exhibiting long-term potentiation. Billia F; Baskys A; Carlen PL; De Boni U Brain Res Mol Brain Res 14: 101-8 (1992) In situ hybridization in conjunction with three-dimensional reconstruction was used to examine the topology of satellite DNA (sDNA) sequences in hippocampal CA1 neurons. In slices fixed immediately af92356782 Interaction of multiple factors with a GC-rich element within the mitogen responsive region of the human transferrin receptor gene. Miskimins WK J Cell Biochem 49: 349-56 (1992) Nuclear factors from HeLa cells were isolated by elution of DNA-cellulose bound proteins with a double stranded synthetic oligonucleotide corresponding to the region from -34 to -79 of the human trans93054956 The p50 subunit of NF-kappa B associates with the NF-IL6 transcription factor. LeClair KP; Blanar MA; Sharp PA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 8145-9 (1992) The NF-kappa B-p50 polypeptide, a member of the Rel family of transcription factors, was produced as a fusion protein containing amino-terminal peptide additions that facilitate purification and detec92390404 Characterization of a non-tissue-specific, 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element in the proximal region of the rat prolactin gene. Liang J; Kim KE; Schoderbek WE; Maurer RA Mol Endocrinol 6: 885-92 (1992) The nature of a DNA element located in the -100 to -85 region of the rat PRL gene has been characterized. Previous studies demonstrated that this region may contribute to basal and hormonally regulate92357027 Cloning of the Ah-receptor cDNA reveals a distinctive ligand-activated transcription factor. Burbach KM; Poland A; Bradfield CA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 8185-9 (1992) A cDNA encoding the murine Ah receptor (Ahb-1 allele for aromatic hydrocarbon responsiveness) has been isolated and characterized. Analysis of the deduced protein sequence revealed a region with simil92390411 Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits the production and secretion of endothelin from cultured endothelial cells. Mediation through the C receptor. Hu RM; Levin ER; Pedram A; Frank HJ J Biol Chem 267: 17384-9 (1992) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) are vasoactive peptides produced in cells of the cardiovascular system. We examined the effects of ANP on ET-1 transcription, production (trans92381059 Coregulation of purine and histidine biosynthesis by the transcriptional activators BAS1 and BAS2. Daignan-Fornier B; Fink GR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 6746-50 (1992) We have found cross-pathway regulation between purine and histidine biosynthesis in yeast. The transcription factors BAS1 and BAS2/PHO2, which are also regulators of the histidine pathway, participate92357708 Regulation of HTLV-I gene expression by tax and AP-2. Muchardt C; Seeler JS; Gaynor RB New Biol 4: 541-50 (1992) The HTLV-I transactivator protein tax activates expression of both viral and cellular genes. In addition it has been demonstrated to repress expression of the DNA beta-polymerase gene. We wished to in92385427 Ethidium bromide provides a simple tool for identifying genuine DNA-independent protein associations. Lai JS; Herr W Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 6958-62 (1992) DNA-dependent and DNA-independent associations of DNA-binding proteins are important in transcriptional regulation. The analysis of DNA-independent associations frequently relies on assaying protein i92357750 Expression cloning of a cDNA encoding a retinoblastoma-binding protein with E2F-like properties. Kaelin WG Jr; Krek W; Sellers WR; DeCaprio JA; Ajchenbaum F; Fuchs CS; Chittenden T; Li Y; Farnham PJ; Blanar MA; et al Cell 70: 351-64 (1992) An expression vector was modified to permit the rapid synthesis of purified, 32P-labeled, glutathione S-transferase (GST)-retinoblastoma (RB) fusion proteins. The products were used to screen lambda g92346721 Taking a direct path to the genes [news; comment] Marx J Science 257: 744-5 (1992) 92358230 In vivo self-association of the Drosophila rel-protein dorsal. Govind S; Whalen AM; Steward R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 7861-5 (1992) The Drosophila morphogen dorsal, KBF1, NF-kappa B, and the proto-oncogene c-rel belong to the rel family of transcription factors whose function is regulated post-translationally by selective nuclear 92390350 Mutations affecting RNA-DNA hybrid formation of the ColE1 replication primer RNA. Restoration of RNA I sensitivity to a copy-number mutant by second-site mutations. Fitzwater T; Yang YL; Zhang XY; Polisky B J Mol Biol 226: 997-1008 (1992) Certain high copy-number mutants of the ColE1 plasmid produce a primer RNA that, unlike the wild-type, is resistant to inhibition by the plasmid-encoded replication inhibitor RNA I. We show that this 92389346 Differential expression of subspecies of polyomavirus and murine leukemia virus enhancer core binding protein, PEBP2, in various hematopoietic cells. Satake M; Inuzuka M; Shigesada K; Oikawa T; Ito Y Jpn J Cancer Res 83: 714-22 (1992) The core sequence of the enhancer of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) long terminal repeat is highly conserved in a large number of MuLV strains and appears to play an essential role when SL3-3 or Moloney92388008 Zinc proteins: enzymes, storage proteins, transcription factors, and replication proteins. Coleman JE Annu Rev Biochem 61: 897-946 (1992) In the past five years there has been a great expansion in our knowledge of the role of zinc in the structure and function of proteins. Not only is zinc required for essential catalytic functions in e92359513 A region of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2 causes stable in planta inheritance of plasmids in Rhizobium meliloti cells isolated from alfalfa root nodules. Weinstein M; Roberts RC; Helinski DR J Bacteriol 174: 7486-9 (1992) We demonstrate for the first time that the broad-host-range stabilization loci from plasmid RK2 cause total retention of plasmids in cells of Rhizobium meliloti during symbiosis with alfalfa. Two deri93054370 Lac repressor with the helix-turn-helix motif of lambda cro binds to lac operator. Kolkhof P; Teichmann D; Kisters-Woike B; von Wilcken-Bergmann B; Muller-Hill B EMBO J 11: 3031-8 (1992) Lac repressor, lambda cro protein and their operator complexes are structurally, biochemically and genetically well analysed. Both proteins contain a helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif which they use to bin92347338 Interaction of HTLV-1 Tax1 with p67SRF causes the aberrant induction of cellular immediate early genes through CArG boxes. Fujii M; Tsuchiya H; Chuhjo T; Akizawa T; Seiki M Genes Dev 6: 2066-76 (1992) Tax1 of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a transcriptional activator for viral gene expression and is also a transforming protein through inducing the expression of several cellular gene93051327 The TCF8 gene encoding a zinc finger protein (Nil-2-a) resides on human chromosome 10p11.2. Williams TM; Montoya G; Wu Y; Eddy RL; Byers MG; Shows TB Genomics 14: 194-6 (1992) The TCF8 gene encodes a zinc finger protein (Nil-2-a). Nil-2-a inhibits T-lymphocyte-specific interleukin 2 (IL2) gene expression by binding to a negative regulatory domain 100 nucleotides 5' of the I93052298 Pax1, a member of the paired box-containing class of developmental control genes, is mapped to human chromosome 20p11.2 by in situ hybridization (ISH and FISH). Schnittger S; Rao VV; Deutsch U; Gruss P; Balling R; Hansmann I Genomics 14: 740-4 (1992) Pax-1, a member of a murine multigene family, belongs to the paired box-containing class of developmental control genes first identified in Drosophila. The Pax-1 gene encodes a sequence-specific DNA-b93052408 Inducible cell contact signals regulate early activation gene expression during B-T lymphocyte collaboration. Klaus SJ; Parker DC J Immunol 149: 1867-75 (1992) B cells get help in the antibody response by presenting processed Ag to Th cells. We asked whether the Ag-presenting B cell must induce Th functions before receiving help, or whether B cell activation92388652 Interaction of Xenopus TFIIIC with the TFIIIA.5 S RNA gene complex. Keller HJ; Romaniuk PJ; Gottesfeld JM J Biol Chem 267: 18190-8 (1992) The general transcription factor TFIIIC is necessary for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase III. TFIIIC binds predominantly to the B-Block promoter element, which is present in tRNA genes, sev92388192 Effect of sodium butyrate on estrogen receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor gene expression in human breast cancer cell lines. deFazio A; Chiew YE; Donoghue C; Lee CS; Sutherland RL J Biol Chem 267: 18008-12 (1992) Estrogen receptor (ER) binding has been shown to decrease in breast cancer cell lines exposed to sodium butyrate; however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, butyrate92388165 Human ETS1 oncoprotein. Purification, isoforms, -SH modification, and DNA sequence-specific binding. Fisher RJ; Koizumi S; Kondoh A; Mariano JM; Mavrothalassitis G; Bhat NK; Papas TS J Biol Chem 267: 17957-65 (1992) The human ETS1 proto-oncogene proteins have been isolated from the T-cell leukemia line, CEM, by immunoaffinity chromatography and their identity confirmed by NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing. Incub92388157 Regulation of hepatic gene expression and development. Lai E Semin Liver Dis 12: 246-51 (1992) Tissue-specific expression in the hepatocyte appears to require the actions of multiple factors in specific combinations for each gene. The interactions between two or more positive-acting factors tha93068375 FAD-dependent regulation of transcription, translation, post-translational processing, and post-processing stability of various mitochondrial acyl-CoA dehydrogenases and of electron transfer flavoprotNagao M; Tanaka K J Biol Chem 267: 17925-32 (1992) The most prominent biochemical consequence of riboflavin deficiency in rats is a drastic decrease in various acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activities, especially that of short chain and isovaleryl-CoA dehydr92388152 Human myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2 comprises a group of tissue-restricted MADS box transcription factors. Yu YT; Breitbart RE; Smoot LB; Lee Y; Mahdavi V; Nadal-Ginard B Genes Dev 6: 1783-98 (1992) The MEF2 site is an essential element of muscle enhancers and promoters that is bound by a nuclear activity found, so far, only in muscle and required for tissue-specific transcription. We have cloned92387551 Hlf, a novel hepatic bZIP protein, shows altered DNA-binding properties following fusion to E2A in t(17;19) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hunger SP; Ohyashiki K; Toyama K; Cleary ML Genes Dev 6: 1608-20 (1992) Oncogenic conversion of transcription factors by chromosomal translocations is implicated in leukemogenesis. We report that the t(17;19) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia produces a chimeric transcripti92387537 Pax-5 encodes the transcription factor BSAP and is expressed in B lymphocytes, the developing CNS, and adult testis. Adams B; Dorfler P; Aguzzi A; Kozmik Z; Urbanek P; Maurer-Fogy I; Busslinger M Genes Dev 6: 1589-607 (1992) BSAP has been identified previously as a transcription factor that is expressed at early, but not late, stages of B-cell differentiation. Biochemical purification and cDNA cloning has now revealed tha92387536 Delta-thalassemia caused by disruption of the site for an erythroid-specific transcription factor, GATA-1, in the delta-globin gene promoter. Matsuda M; Sakamoto N; Fukumaki Y Blood 80: 1347-51 (1992) Delta-thalassemia is a complex group of inherited disorders of globin genes characterized by impaired synthesis of the delta-globin chain. The T-C substitution was detected at position -77 of the delt92385832 Transcriptional regulation of rat microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene by imidazole antimycotic agents. Kim SG Mol Pharmacol 42: 273-9 (1992) The effects of imidazole antifungal agents, including ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, and econazole, on the expression and regulation of microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) were examined in rat92382566 A transcription factor with SH2 and SH3 domains is directly activated by an interferon alpha-induced cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinase(s). Fu XY Cell 70: 323-35 (1992) Interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3), the primary transcription factor induced by interferon alpha, is a complex of four (113, 91, 84, and 48 kd) proteins. This paper reports that the 113, 91, 92346719 TGA1 and G-box binding factors: two distinct classes of Arabidopsis leucine zipper proteins compete for the G-box-like element TGACGTGG. Schindler U; Beckmann H; Cashmore AR Plant Cell 4: 1309-19 (1992) Regulatory elements containing the sequence ACGT are found in several plant promoters and are recognized by various basic/leucine zipper (bZIP) proteins. The Arabidopsis G-box binding factor 1 (GBF1),93076114 Regulation by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) of TRH receptor mRNA degradation in rat pituitary GH3 cells. Narayanan CS; Fujimoto J; Geras-Raaka E; Gershengorn MC J Biol Chem 267: 17296-303 (1992) In rat pituitary GH3 cells, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) down-regulates TRH receptor (TRH-R) mRNA (Fujimoto, J., Straub, R.E., and Gershengorn, M.C. (1991) Mol. Endocrinol. 5, 1527-1532), at le92381047 Localization of O-GlcNAc modification on the serum response transcription factor. Reason AJ; Morris HR; Panico M; Marais R; Treisman RH; Haltiwanger RS; Hart GW; Kelly WG; Dell A J Biol Chem 267: 16911-21 (1992) A unique form of nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic protein glycosylation, O-linked GlcNAc, has previously been detected, using Gal transferase labeling techniques, on a myriad of proteins (for review see 92380993 The zinc finger motif. Conservation of chemical shifts and correlation with structure. Lee MS; Mortishire-Smith RJ; Wright PE FEBS Lett 309: 29-32 (1992) Zinc fingers of the transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) type, in which zinc is co-ordinated by two cysteine and two histidine ligands (Cys2/His2), contain a length of helix packed against a beta-hairpi92380266 Cell cycle regulation and the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Mercer WE Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2: 251-63 (1992) Somatic mutations of the p53 gene have been implicated as causal events in the formation of a large number of common human tumors. Several lines of evidence suggest that the nuclear phosphoprotein enc92379356 Aleurone nuclear proteins bind to similar elements in the promoter regions of two gibberellin-regulated alpha-amylase genes. Rushton PJ; Hooley R; Lazarus CM Plant Mol Biol 19: 891-901 (1992) Binding of nuclear proteins from wild oat aleurone protoplasts to the promoter regions of two gibberellin-regulated wheat alpha-amylase genes (alpha-Amy1/18 and alpha-Amy2/54) has been studied by gel 92379265 Candidate proto-oncogene bcl-3 encodes a subunit-specific inhibitor of transcription factor NF-kappa B. Wulczyn FG; Naumann M; Scheidereit C Nature 358: 597-9 (1992) The NF-kappa B subunits p50 and p65 and the product of the rel proto-oncogene are members of a growing class of transcription factors with a unique DNA-binding and dimerization domain. Nuclear transfe92365824 The retinoblastoma protein and the cell cycle. Sopta M; Gallie BL; Gill RM; Hamel PA; Muncaster M; Zacksenhaus E; Phillips RA Semin Cancer Biol 3: 107-13 (1992) Although mutations of the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) contribute to malignant progression in many types of tumor, the role of RB1 mutation in cancer initiation is highly restricted to the rare embryonic92379283 Differential DNA binding properties of three human homeodomain proteins. Corsetti MT; Briata P; Sanseverino L; Daga A; Airoldi I; Simeone A; Palmisano G; Angelini C; Boncinelli E; Corte G Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4465-72 (1992) The products of three human homeobox containing (HOX) genes, 2C, 3C and 4B, were produced in insect cells using the Baculovirus expression system and purified to near homogeneity. In this system we ob93027141 Experimental models that mimic the differentiation and dedifferentiation of vascular cells. Pauly RR; Passaniti A; Crow M; Kinsella JL; Papadopoulos N; Monticone R; Lakatta EG; Martin GR Circulation 86: III68-73 (1992) Endothelial and smooth muscle cells normally exist in a quiescent differentiated state. After injury to the vessel, these cells dedifferentiate, migrate, and proliferate as needed for repair. In cultu93047201 Construction and use of lambda PL promoter vectors for direct cloning and high level expression of PCR amplified DNA coding sequences. Cheng X; Patterson TA Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4591-8 (1992) A set of plasmid vectors which allow single-step cloning and expression of PCR-amplified DNA coding sequences has been constructed. The vectors contain the phage lambda PL promoter, a synthetic transl93027157 A suppressor of TBP mutations encodes an RNA polymerase III transcription factor with homology to TFIIB. Buratowski S; Zhou H Cell 71: 221-30 (1992) The TDS4 gene of S. cerevisiae was isolated as an allele-specific high copy suppressor of mutations within the basic region of the TATA-binding protein (TBP). The gene is essential for viability and e93046623 Converting-enzyme inhibitors increase converting-enzyme mRNA and activity in endothelial cells. King SJ; Oparil S Am J Physiol 263: C743-9 (1992) Exposure to angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors has been associated with increased ACE activity in vivo and in vitro. In the current study, we examined the effects of the active site-direct93035876 Structure, function, evolution of transcription factor IIIA. Hanas JS; Gaskins CJ; Smith JF; Ogilvie MK Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 43: 205-39 (1992) 93029457 Proteins of transcription factor ISGF-3: one gene encodes the 91-and 84-kDa ISGF-3 proteins that are activated by interferon alpha. Schindler C; Fu XY; Improta T; Aebersold R; Darnell JE Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 7836-9 (1992) ISGF-3 is an interferon-dependent positive-acting transcription factor that is cytoplasmically activated, possibly through direct interaction with the interferon receptor. The factor has been purified92366557 A protein tyrosine kinase in the interferon alpha/beta signaling pathway. Velazquez L; Fellous M; Stark GR; Pellegrini S Cell 70: 313-22 (1992) The mutant human cell line 11.1 is unresponsive to interferon alpha. Here we describe the genetic complementation of this mutant and the identification and cloning of the wild-type gene that corrects 92346718 Effects of lithium chloride and retinoic acid on the expression of genes from the Xenopus laevis Hox 2 complex. Leroy P; De Robertis EM Dev Dyn 194: 21-32 (1992) We show that Xenopus laevis has a Hox 2 complex, and that this complex is strongly conserved with the mammalian one, both in structure and in the rules of spatial and temporal sequential expression of93043517 Multiple zinc finger forms resulting from developmentally regulated alternative splicing of a transcription factor gene. Hsu T; Gogos JA; Kirsh SA; Kafatos FC Science 257: 1946-50 (1992) Transcripts encoding the Drosophila putative transcription factor CF2 are subject to developmentally regulated alternative splicing, and they encode protein isoforms that differ in the number of zinc 93030711 The development of functionally responsive T cells. Rothenberg EV Adv Immunol 51: 85-214 (1992) The work reviewed in this article separates T cell development into four phases. First is an expansion phase prior to TCR rearrangement, which appears to be correlated with programming of at least som92367617 Retinoids, retinoid-responsive genes, cell differentiation, and cancer. Gudas LJ Cell Growth Differ 3: 655-62 (1992) 93041390 Functional organization of enhancer (ENII) of hepatitis B virus. Wu X; Zhu L; Li ZP; Koshy R; Wang Y Virology 191: 490-4 (1992) A new enhancer ENII, located in the X open reading frame and immediately upstream of the core gene promoter, has recently been identified in the genome of hepatitis B virus. We have studied the functi93033150 E2F: a link between the Rb tumor suppressor protein and viral oncoproteins. Nevins JR Science 258: 424-9 (1992) The cellular transcription factor E2F, previously identified as a component of early adenovirus transcription, has now been shown to be important in cell proliferation control. E2F appears to be a fun93030749 Sequence discrimination by alternatively spliced isoforms of a DNA binding zinc finger domain. Gogos JA; Hsu T; Bolton J; Kafatos FC Science 257: 1951-5 (1992) Two major developmentally regulated isoforms of the Drosophila chorion transcription factor CF2 differ by an extra zinc finger within the DNA binding domain. The preferred DNA binding sites were deter93030712 Dominant negative selection of heterologous genes: isolation of Candida albicans genes that interfere with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating factor-induced cell cycle arrest. Whiteway M; Dignard D; Thomas DY Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 9410-4 (1992) We have used a genomic library of Candida albicans to transform Saccharomyces cerevisiae and screened for genes that act similarly to dominant negative mutations by interfering with pheromone-mediated93028473 A new, nongenomic estrogen action: the rapid release of intracellular calcium. Morley P; Whitfield JF; Vanderhyden BC; Tsang BK; Schwartz JL Endocrinology 131: 1305-12 (1992) We have investigated the effects of steroids on the intracellular calcium ion concentration [Ca2+]i in chicken granulosa cells obtained from the two largest preovulatory follicles of laying hens. [Ca292371328 Transcriptional antagonism of phorbol ester-mediated induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor types 1 and 2 by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate. Bergonzelli GE; Kruithof EK; Medcalf RL Endocrinology 131: 1467-72 (1992) Gene expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) types 1 and 2 is modulated by the protein kinase-C (PKC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase-A (PKA) signal transduction pathways. To determine w92371351 Cyclic amplification and selection of targets for multicomponent complexes: myogenin interacts with factors recognizing binding sites for basic helix-loop-helix, nuclear factor 1, myocyte-specific enhFunk WD; Wright WE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 9484-8 (1992) Myogenin is one of four muscle-specific basic helix-loop-helix regulatory factors involved in controlling myogenesis. We here describe various protein complexes that increase the affinity of myogenin 93028486 A new approach to the analysis of DNase I footprinting data and its application to the TFIIIA/5S DNA complex. Fairall L; Rhodes D Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4727-31 (1992) We have re-examined DNase I footprinting data for the binding of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) to the 5S RNA gene, taking into account the protein-DNA contacts observed in the crystal structure o93027187 Expression of c-fos and AP-1 activity in senescent human fibroblasts is not sufficient for DNA synthesis. Rose DW; McCabe G; Feramisco JR; Adler M J Cell Biol 119: 1405-11 (1992) Human fibroblasts have a limited replicative life span when maintained in culture after which they become unresponsive to treatment with mitogens, a phenomenon most commonly called senescence. Experim93107143 Nerve growth factor withdrawal-induced cell death in neuronal PC12 cells resembles that in sympathetic neurons. Mesner PW; Winters TR; Green SH J Cell Biol 119: 1669-80 (1992) Previous studies have shown that in neuronal cells the developmental phenomenon of programmed cell death is an active process, requiring synthesis of both RNA and protein. This presumably reflects a r93107166 The dyad palindromic glutathione transferase P enhancer binds multiple factors including AP1. Diccianni MB; Imagawa M; Muramatsu M Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5153-8 (1992) Glutathione Transferase P (GST-P) gene expression is dominantly regulated by an upstream enhancer (GPEI) consisting of a dyad of palindromically oriented imperfect TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-a93027256 Adenovirus DNA replication facilitates binding of the MLTF/USF transcription factor to the viral major late promoter within infected cells. Toth M; Doerfler W; Shenk T Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5143-8 (1992) The activity of the adenovirus major late promoter is substantially increased as the infection proceeds from the early to late phase. To gain insight into the regulation of this promoter, we analyzed 93027254 A novel POU family transcription factor is closely related to Brn-3 but has a distinct expression pattern in neuronal cells. Lillycrop KA; Budrahan VS; Lakin ND; Terrenghi G; Wood JN; Polak JM; Latchman DS Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5093-6 (1992) The use of the polymerase chain reaction in conjunction with degenerate oligonucleotides has allowed the isolation of cDNA clones derived from each of the POU family transcription factors expressed in93027246 An ATF/CREB binding motif is required for aberrant constitutive expression of the MHC class II DR alpha promoter and activation by SV40 T-antigen. Cox PM; Goding CR Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4881-7 (1992) Constitutive expression of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) antigens normally occurs in B-lymphocytes and antigen presenting cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage. However, many m93027209 Hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 beta contains two transcriptional activation domains, one of which is novel and conserved with the Drosophila fork head protein. Pani L; Overdier DG; Porcella A; Qian X; Lai E; Costa RH Mol Cell Biol 12: 3723-32 (1992) The hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF-3) gene family is composed of three proteins (alpha, beta, and gamma) that are transcription factors involved in the coordinate expression of several liver genes. 92375039 Plasmid cDNA-directed protein synthesis in a coupled eukaryotic in vitro transcription-translation system. Craig D; Howell MT; Gibbs CL; Hunt T; Jackson RJ Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4987-95 (1992) A system is described in which transcription of cDNA clones by bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase is coupled to translation in the micrococcal nuclease treated rabbit reticulocyte lysate in a single reac93027231 Cooperative effects of C/EBP-like and NF kappa B-like binding sites on rat serum amyloid A1 gene expression in liver cells. Li X; Liao WS Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4765-72 (1992) Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a major acute-phase protein synthesized and secreted mainly by the liver. In response to inflammation, its expression is increased by 1000-fold, primarily because of a 200-fol93027193 Human Oct3 gene family: cDNA sequences, alternative splicing, gene organization, chromosomal location, and expression at low levels in adult tissues. Takeda J; Seino S; Bell GI Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4613-20 (1992) Transcription factors containing the POU-domain have been shown to be important regulators of tissue-specific gene expression in the pituitary and lymphoid cells. Using a polymerase chain reaction (PC93027160 Characterization of a new tissue-specific transcription factor binding to the simian virus 40 enhancer TC-II (NF-kappa B) element. Lattion AL; Espel E; Reichenbach P; Fromental C; Bucher P; Israel A; Baeuerle P; Rice NR; Nabholz M Mol Cell Biol 12: 5217-27 (1992) We have biochemically and functionally characterized a new transcription factor, NP-TCII, which is present in nuclei from unstimulated T and B lymphocytes but is not found in nonhematopoietic cells. T93024468 Transcription factors, translocations, and leukemia. Nichols J; Nimer SD Blood 80: 2953-63 (1992) The frequent occurrence of TF gene involvement in translocations associated with leukemia is remarkable, although not yet explained. The wide variety of TFs involved in these translocations and the di93104490 Identification of an amino acid-base contact in the GCN4-DNA complex by bromouracil-mediated photocrosslinking. Blatter EE; Ebright YW; Ebright RH Nature 359: 650-2 (1992) The bZIP DNA-binding proteins are characterized by a 50-amino-acid DNA binding and dimerization motif, consisting of a highly basic DNA-binding region ('b') followed by a leucine zipper dimerization r93024954 [Recent progress in the heat shock response of Escherichia coli] Yura T; Mori H; Kanemori M; Yuzawa H Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 37: 2925-34 (1992) 93101840 Expression of spatially regulated genes in the sea urchin embryo. Coffman JA; Davidson EH Curr Opin Genet Dev 2: 260-8 (1992) Spatially controlled genes expressed in the early sea urchin embryo have been characterized, and the patterns of expression in terms of the mechanisms by which this embryo accomplishes its initial set92345838 Thymic overexpression of Ttg-1 in transgenic mice results in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma. McGuire EA; Rintoul CE; Sclar GM; Korsmeyer SJ Mol Cell Biol 12: 4186-96 (1992) T-cell translocation gene 1 (Ttg-1), also called rhombotin, is deregulated upon translocation into the alpha/delta T-cell receptor loci in acute lymphoblastic leukemias bearing the t(11;14)(p15;q11). 92375087 Evidence that activation of the Egr-1 promoter by v-Raf involves serum response elements. Rim M; Qureshi SA; Gius D; Nho J; Sukhatme VP; Foster DA Oncogene 7: 2065-8 (1992) The constitutively active serine/threonine kinase encoded by the v-raf oncogene, v-Raf, activates the Egr-1 promoter in transient expression assays. To characterize the v-Raf-responsive transcriptiona93026384 Characterization of the human lipoprotein lipase (LPL) promoter: evidence of two cis-regulatory regions, LP-alpha and LP-beta, of importance for the differentiation-linked induction of the LPL gene duEnerback S; Ohlsson BG; Samuelsson L; Bjursell G Mol Cell Biol 12: 4622-33 (1992) When preadipocytes differentiate into adipocytes, several differentiation-linked genes are activated. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is one of the first genes induced during this process. To investigate ear93024407 An FNR-dependent promoter from Escherichia coli is active and anaerobically inducible in Paracoccus denitrificans. Spiro S FEMS Microbiol Lett 77: 145-8 (1992) A transcriptional fusion of a synthetic FNR-dependent promoter derived from Escherichia coli has been introduced into Paracoccus denitrificans on a broad-host-range plasmid. The patterns of expression93093400 Functional interference between the ubiquitous and constitutive octamer transcription factor 1 (OTF-1) and the glucocorticoid receptor by direct protein-protein interaction involving the homeo subdomaKutoh E; Stromstedt PE; Poellinger L Mol Cell Biol 12: 4960-9 (1992) The ubiquitous and constitutive octamer transcription factor OTF-1 (Oct 1) is the target of positive regulation by the potent herpes simplex virus trans-activator VP16, which forms a complex with the 93024441 T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma induced in transgenic mice by the RBTN1 and RBTN2 LIM-domain genes. Fisch P; Boehm T; Lavenir I; Larson T; Arno J; Forster A; Rabbitts TH Oncogene 7: 2389-97 (1992) Two members of the RBTN gene family, RBTN1/Ttg-1 and RBTN2/Ttg-2, were found by their association with T-cell tumour-specific chromosomal translocations and are thought to be involved in the aetiology93096472 Cooperative binding of the Xenopus RNA polymerase I transcription factor xUBF to repetitive ribosomal gene enhancers. Putnam CD; Pikaard CS Mol Cell Biol 12: 4970-80 (1992) Upstream binding factor (UBF) is a DNA-binding transcription factor implicated in ribosomal gene promoter and enhancer function in vertebrates. UBF is unusual in that it has multiple DNA-binding domai93024442 COUP orphan receptors are negative regulators of retinoic acid response pathways. Tran P; Zhang XK; Salbert G; Hermann T; Lehmann JM; Pfahl M Mol Cell Biol 12: 4666-76 (1992) The vitamin hormone retinoic acid (RA) regulates many complex biological programs. The hormonal signals are mediated at the level of transcription by multiple nuclear receptors. These receptors belong93024411 The importance of being flexible. Frankel AD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11653 (1992) 93101584 Phylogenetic footprinting reveals a nuclear protein which binds to silencer sequences in the human gamma and epsilon globin genes. Gumucio DL; Heilstedt-Williamson H; Gray TA; Tarle SA; Shelton DA; Tagle DA; Slightom JL; Goodman M; Collins FS Mol Cell Biol 12: 4919-29 (1992) Tissue- and developmental stage-specific expression of the human beta-like globin genes is regulated by a combination of ubiquitous and erythroid-restricted trans factors that bind to cis elements nea93024437 A mammary cell-specific enhancer in mouse mammary tumor virus DNA is composed of multiple regulatory elements including binding sites for CTF/NFI and a novel transcription factor, mammary cell-activatMink S; Hartig E; Jennewein P; Doppler W; Cato AC Mol Cell Biol 12: 4906-18 (1992) Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a milk-transmitted retrovirus involved in the neoplastic transformation of mouse mammary gland cells. The expression of this virus is regulated by mammary cell type93024436 A DNA element that regulates expression of an endogenous retrovirus during F9 cell differentiation is E1A dependent. Lamb BT; Satyamoorthy K; Solter D; Basu A; Xu MQ; Weinmann R; Howe CC Mol Cell Biol 12: 4824-33 (1992) The retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 cells into parietal endoderm-like cells activates transcription of the endogenous mouse retrovirus, the intracisternal A-particle (IAP). To investigate 93024428 GAL11 protein, an auxiliary transcription activator for genes encoding galactose-metabolizing enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Suzuki Y; Nogi Y; Abe A; Fukasawa T Mol Cell Biol 12: 4806 (1992) 93024425 Cloning and characterization of the ADH5 gene encoding human alcohol dehydrogenase 5, formaldehyde dehydrogenase. Hur MW; Edenberg HJ Gene 121: 305-11 (1992) Human chi-alcohol dehydrogenase (chi-ADH) is a zinc-containing dimeric enzyme responsible for the oxidation of long-chain alcohols and omega-hydroxyfatty acids. Class-III ADHs, of which chi-ADH is the93077045 Drosophila wingless generates cell type diversity among engrailed expressing cells. Dougan S; DiNardo S Nature 360: 347-50 (1992) During embryogenesis, body pattern is established in a stepwise process. After specification of the body axis, the embryo is subdivided into smaller units. Within these units, a diverse array of cell 93078848 E2F mediates dihydrofolate reductase promoter activation and multiprotein complex formation in human cytomegalovirus infection. Wade M; Kowalik TF; Mudryj M; Huang ES; Azizkhan JC Mol Cell Biol 12: 4364-74 (1992) The adenovirus immediate-early protein E1A activates the adenovirus E2 promoter and several cellular gene promoters through transcription factor E2F. The immediate-early proteins of human cytomegalovi93024378 Identification of a 60-kilodalton Rb-binding protein, RBP60, that allows the Rb-E2F complex to bind DNA. Ray SK; Arroyo M; Bagchi S; Raychaudhuri P Mol Cell Biol 12: 4327-33 (1992) Several reports have indicated that the product of the retinoblastoma gene (Rb) complexes with the transcription factor E2F. We present evidence that the DNA-binding of the Rb-E2F complex involves ano93024374 Structure of the TFIIIA-5 S DNA complex. Hayes JJ; Tullius TD J Mol Biol 227: 407-17 (1992) The missing-nucleoside experiment, a recently developed approach for determining the positions along a DNA molecule that make energetically important contacts with protein, has been used to investigat93021085 Upstream region of a genomic gene for human mitochondrial transcription factor 1. Tominaga K; Akiyama S; Kagawa Y; Ohta S Biochim Biophys Acta 1131: 217-9 (1992) A genomic gene for human mitochondrial transcription factor 1 was cloned from a human genomic library and its 5' flanking region was sequenced. No typical TATA and three consensus sequences for potent92305065 a1/EBP: a leucine zipper protein that binds CCAAT/enhancer elements in the avian leukosis virus long terminal repeat enhancer. Bowers WJ; Ruddell A J Virol 66: 6578-86 (1992) Avian leukosis virus (ALV) induces bursal lymphoma in chickens after integration of proviral long terminal repeat (LTR) enhancer sequences next to the c-myc proto-oncogene. Labile LTR-binding proteins93021386 Decreased expression of neurotrophin-3 mRNA in the rat hippocampus following transient forebrain ischemia. Takeda A; Onodera H; Yamasaki Y; Furukawa K; Kogure K; Obinata M; Shibahara S Brain Res 569: 177-80 (1992) The expression profile of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) mRNA in the rat hippocampus after forebrain ischemia was investigated by Northern blot and S1 nuclease protection analyses. The NT-3 transcripts in the 92305876 c-fos may code for a common transcription factor within the hypothalamic neural circuits involved in osmoregulation. Hamamura M; Nunez DJ; Leng G; Emson PC; Kiyama H Brain Res 572: 42-51 (1992) Conscious rats were given an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of isotonic or hypertonic saline, and killed 10-240 min later. In the hypothalamus of hypertonic saline-injected rats, c-fos-mRNA positive92305984 Mutations in the cdc10 start gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe implicate the region of homology between cdc10 and SWI6 as important for p85cdc10 function. Reymond A; Schmidt S; Simanis V Mol Gen Genet 234: 449-56 (1992) The cdc10 gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is required for traverse of start and commitment to the mitotic cell division cycle rather than other fates. The product of the gene, p85c93024319 Transcriptional analysis of multigene family 110 of African swine fever virus. Almazan F; Rodriguez JM; Andres G; Perez R; Vinuela E; Rodriguez JF J Virol 66: 6655-67 (1992) A transcriptional analysis of the 3.2-kb region of the African swine fever virus genome containing the five members of the multigene family 110 is presented. The mRNAs corresponding to the genes studi93021395 Murine chromosomal location of four hepatocyte-enriched transcription factors: HNF-3 alpha, HNF-3 beta, HNF-3 gamma, and HNF-4. Avraham KB; Prezioso VR; Chen WS; Lai E; Sladek FM; Zhong W; Darnell JE Jr; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG Genomics 13: 264-8 (1992) The genes for rat hepatocyte nuclear factors 3 and 4 (HNF-3 alpha, HNF-3 beta, HNF-3 gamma, and HNF-4) have been mapped in mouse by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms in interspecif92307657 Ammonia regulation of the Rhizobium meliloti nitrogenase structural and regulatory genes under free-living conditions: involvement of the fixL gene product? Noonan B; Motherway M; O'Gara F Mol Gen Genet 234: 423-8 (1992) The expression under microaerobic conditions of the Rhizobium meliloti nifA and consequently the nifHDK genes was found to be negatively regulated by ammonia and nitrate. Assimilation of the ammonia t93024315 Human HOX4E: a gene strongly expressed in the adult male and female urogenital tracts. Redline RW; Williams AJ; Patterson P; Collins T Genomics 13: 425-30 (1992) Homeobox-containing genes (Hox genes) are believed to play a fundamental role in development and positional identity. Four homologous Hox gene complexes are found in humans and mice. Genes at the 3' e92307679 Myb: a transcriptional activator linking proliferation and differentiation in hematopoietic cells. Graf T Curr Opin Genet Dev 2: 249-55 (1992) Myb is a transcriptional activator protein with repeated helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motifs distantly related to the homeodomain. In hematopoiesis, c-myb appears to control both cell proliferation an92345836 A defined amino acid exchange close to the putative nucleotide binding site is responsible for an oxygen-tolerant variant of the Rhizobium meliloti NifA protein. Krey R; Puhler A; Klipp W Mol Gen Genet 234: 433-41 (1992) In Rhizobium meliloti the NifA protein plays a central role in the expression of genes involved in nitrogen fixation. The R. meliloti NifA protein has been found to be oxygen sensitive and therefore a93024317 A metalloprotease gene from Streptomyces coelicolor 'Muller' and its transcriptional activator, a member of the LysR family. Dammann T; Wohlleben W Mol Microbiol 6: 2267-78 (1992) A metalloprotease gene (mprA) and its regulatory gene (mprR) from Streptomyces coelicolor 'Muller' DSM3030 were isolated and their DNA sequences determined. The protease secreted by the heterologous h93023855 A mechanism of glycine and alanine cytoprotective action: stimulation of stress-induced HSP70 mRNA. Nissim I; Hardy M; Pleasure J; Nissim I; States B Kidney Int 42: 775-82 (1992) Studies done both in vitro and in vivo have shown that glycine and alanine protect kidney cells from stress injury. However, the mechanism(s) of this cytoprotection is unknown. Our aim was to test the93022375 Affinity purification of histidine-tagged proteins transiently produced in HeLa cells. Janknecht R; Nordheim A Gene 121: 321-4 (1992) In order to produce eukaryotic proteins in a functional state, it is often necessary to use eukaryotic instead of prokaryotic expression systems. We have designed vectors which can be employed to expr93077047 Phorbol ester-mediated downregulation of tropoelastin expression is controlled by a posttranscriptional mechanism. Parks WC; Kolodziej ME; Pierce RA Biochemistry 31: 6639-45 (1992) Expression of tropoelastin, the principal precursor of elastic fibers, is tissue-specific and is limited to a brief developmental period. Little is known, however, about the mechanisms that regulate t92345219 Leukoregulin, a T cell-derived cytokine, induces IL-8 gene expression and secretion in human skin fibroblasts. Demonstration and secretion in human skin fibroblasts. Demonstration of enhanced NF-kappaMauviel A; Reitamo S; Remitz A; Lapiere JC; Ceska M; Baggiolini M; Walz A; Evans CH; Uitto J J Immunol 149: 2969-76 (1992) It was shown previously that leukoregulin (LR), a T cell-derived cytokine with unique antitumor properties, modulates fibroblast functions in vitro, including prostaglandin production, matrix synthesi93017911 The identification of a cis-acting element involved in cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate regulation of bovine vasopressin gene expression. Pardy K; Adan RA; Carter DA; Seah V; Burbach JP; Murphy D J Biol Chem 267: 21746-52 (1992) Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) has been implicated as an intracellular messenger mediating osmotic regulation of expression of the gene encoding the neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) in the h93016130 The liver-enriched transcription factor D-site-binding protein activates the promoter of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene in hepatoma cells. Roesler WJ; McFie PJ; Dauvin C J Biol Chem 267: 21235-43 (1992) It has been previously demonstrated that the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) trans-activates the gene coding for the cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) (PEP93016050 Regulation of translation initiation factor gene expression during human T cell activation. Mao X; Green JM; Safer B; Lindsten T; Frederickson RM; Miyamoto S; Sonenberg N; Thompson CB J Biol Chem 267: 20444-50 (1992) Activation of quiescent T cells leads to a dramatic increase in the rate of protein synthesis. It is believed that this pronounced increase of protein synthesis is regulated primarily at the level of 93015927 Renin expression in renal ablation. Correa-Rotter R; Hostetter TH; Manivel JC; Rosenberg ME Hypertension 20: 483-90 (1992) To determine whether expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is influenced by the degree of renal ablation, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent uninephrectomy, 1 1/3 nephrectomy, or sham opera93014054 Differential expression of two MADS box genes in wild-type and mutant petunia flowers. Angenent GC; Busscher M; Franken J; Mol JN; van Tunen AJ Plant Cell 4: 983-93 (1992) We isolated and characterized two flower-specific genes from petunia. The protein products of these genes, designated floral binding protein 1 (FBP1) and 2 (FBP2), are putative transcription factors w93005737 Inhibition of the serine/threonine protein phosphatases PP1 and PP2A in lymphocytes: effect on mRNA levels for interleukin-2, IL-2R alpha, krox-24, p53, hsc70 and cyclophilin. Richards FM; Milner J; Metcalfe S Immunology 76: 642-7 (1992) Lymphocyte activation requires signal transduction mediated by reversible phosphorylation. Changing profiles of phosphorylated intermediates relate to the progressive series of transduction pathways i93013899 Map of cis-acting sequences that determine alternative pre-mRNA processing in the E3 complex transcription unit of adenovirus. Brady HA; Scaria A; Wold WS J Virol 66: 5914-23 (1992) The E3 complex transcription unit of adenovirus encodes four major mRNAs (a, c, f, and h) and two minor (d and e) mRNAs with overlapping exons, alternative splice sites, and two polyadenylation sites,92407985 An efficient automated computer vision based technique for detection of three dimensional structural motifs in proteins. Fischer D; Bachar O; Nussinov R; Wolfson H J Biomol Struct Dyn 9: 769-89 (1992) As the number of available three dimensional coordinates of proteins increases, it is now recognized that proteins from different families and topologies are constructed from independent motifs. Detec92313530 Single amino acid substitutions alter helix-loop-helix protein specificity for bases flanking the core CANNTG motif. Fisher F; Goding CR EMBO J 11: 4103-9 (1992) While all basic region/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins bind the consensus CANNTG motif, other factors must be involved in determining regulatory specificity. In this report we show that bases outside93011005 Mutations of the 22- and 27-kD zein promoters affect transactivation by the Opaque-2 protein. Ueda T; Waverczak W; Ward K; Sher N; Ketudat M; Schmidt RJ; Messing J Plant Cell 4: 701-9 (1992) By utilizing a homologous transient expression system, we have demonstrated that the Opaque-2 (O2) gene product O2 confers positive trans-regulation on a 22-kD zein promoter. This trans-acting functio93005719 The gene coding for variant hepatic nuclear factor 1 (Tcf-2), maps between the Edp-1 and Erba genes on mouse chromosome 11. Karolyi IJ; Guenet JL; Rey-Campos J; Camper SA Mamm Genome 3: 184-5 (1992) 92314549 Regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and gene expression in monocytes. Kohn FR; Phillips GL; Klingemann HG Bone Marrow Transplant 9: 369-76 (1992) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), produced predominantly by activated monocytes/macrophages, inhibits leukemic cell growth and may contribute to a graft-versus-leukemia effect after marrow tran92314763 Characterization of the PML-RAR alpha chimeric product of the acute promyelocytic leukemia-specific t(15;17) translocation. Nervi C; Poindexter EC; Grignani F; Pandolfi PP; Lo Coco F; Avvisati G; Pelicci PG; Jetten AM Cancer Res 52: 3687-92 (1992) The acute promyelocytic leukemia 15;17 chromosomal translocation fuses the PML gene to the RAR alpha locus. The resulting chimeric gene encodes for a putative PML-RAR alpha fusion protein. PML is a pu92315212 Developmentally regulated Drosophila gene family encoding the fork head domain. Hacker U; Grossniklaus U; Gehring WJ; Jackle H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 8754-8 (1992) We have isolated seven Drosophila genes by means of low-stringency hybridization to a DNA probe containing the coding sequence for the protein domain shared by the rodent hepatocyte-enriched nuclear t92409595 IL-6 receptor and mechanism of signal transduction. Kishimoto T; Akira S; Taga T Int J Immunopharmacol 14: 431-8 (1992) Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine which acts on a wide variety of cells, exerting growth promotion, growth inhibition, or specific gene expression including cellular differentiation. 92316703 Effect of dietary sodium restriction on mRNA for aldosterone synthase cytochrome P-450 in rat adrenals. Imai M; Ogishima T; Shimada H; Ishimura Y J Biochem (Tokyo) 111: 440-3 (1992) Changes in the level of mRNA for aldosterone synthase cytochrome P-450 (cytochrome P-450aldo) in rats on dietary sodium restriction were studied by means of Northern and slot blot hybridization using 92316888 Erythroid-specific activity of the glycophorin B promoter requires GATA-1 mediated displacement of a repressor. Rahuel C; Vinit MA; Lemarchandel V; Cartron JP; Romeo PH EMBO J 11: 4095-102 (1992) We have performed a detailed analysis of the cis-acting sequences involved in the erythroid-specific expression of the human glycophorin B (GPB) promoter and found that this promoter could be divided 93011004 [Effects of different doses of hyperbaric oxygenation on morphology and transcription of cortical neurons of rats with experimental cerebral ischemia] Grigor'eva AV; Kazantseva NV; Bul'chuk OV; Vikulova TA Biull Eksp Biol Med 113: 419-21 (1992) Its effect of hyperbaric oxygenation (the doses 1.2 and 2 ata) on cortical pyramids of the rats with one-or both-side ligation of common arteria carotis 2.5 or 24 hours after operation was studied. Th93004677 Protein phosphatase inhibitors induce the sustained expression of the Egr-1 gene and the hyperphosphorylation of its gene product. Cao X; Mahendran R; Guy GR; Tan YH J Biol Chem 267: 12991-7 (1992) The immediate-early gene Egr-1 is strongly and rapidly induced in human and mouse Balb/c fibroblasts by okadaic acid and calyculin A, both specific inhibitors of protein serine/threonine phosphatases 92316994 Escherichia coli dnaJ deletion mutation results in loss of stability of a positive regulator, CRP. Ohki R; Kawamata T; Katoh Y; Hosoda F; Ohki M J Biol Chem 267: 13180-4 (1992) The dnaJ deletion mutant K7052(lambda dnaK) has a temperature-sensitive defect in the synthesis of beta-galactosidase. We confirmed this operon-specific and temperature-sensitive defect in cell-free e92317026 The SCL gene product: a positive regulator of erythroid differentiation. Aplan PD; Nakahara K; Orkin SH; Kirsch IR EMBO J 11: 4073-81 (1992) The SCL (tal-1, TCL5) gene is a member of the basic domain, helix-loop-helix (bHLH) class of putative transcription factors. We found that (i) the SCL promoter for exon Ia contains a potential recogni93011002 Nerve growth factor transcriptional control of c-fos promoter transfected in cultured spinal sensory neurons. Gabellini N; Minozzi MC; Leon A; Dal Toso R J Cell Biol 118: 131-8 (1992) High efficiency gene transfer (greater than 90%) in chicken dorsal root ganglion neurons has been obtained by DNA calcium phosphate co-precipitation, hence providing an important tool to study control92317152 Structure of the axonal surface recognition molecule neurofascin and its relationship to a neural subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily. Volkmer H; Hassel B; Wolff JM; Frank R; Rathjen FG J Cell Biol 118: 149-61 (1992) The chick axon-associated surface glycoprotein neurofascin is implicated in axonal growth and fasciculation as revealed by antibody perturbation experiments. Here we report the complete cDNA sequence 92317154 Rapid inverse changes in alpha 1B- and beta 2-adrenergic receptors and gene transcripts in acutely isolated rat liver cells. Ishac EJ; Lazar-Wesley E; Kunos G J Cell Physiol 152: 79-86 (1992) In vitro incubation of hepatocytes acutely isolated from adult male rats leads to a rapid conversion of the adrenergic activation of glycogenolysis from an alpha 1-receptor (alpha 1AR) to a beta 2-rec92317190 Temporal coordination of regulatory gene expression by the steroid hormone ecdysone. Karim FD; Thummel CS EMBO J 11: 4083-93 (1992) In Drosophila, pulses of the steroid hormone ecdysone function as temporal signals that trigger the major postembryonic developmental transitions. The best characterized of these pulses activates a se93011003 Roles of PRP8 protein in the assembly of splicing complexes. Brown JD; Beggs JD EMBO J 11: 3721-9 (1992) Three different approaches have been used to investigate the roles of the yeast U5 snRNP protein PRP8 in spliceosome assembly: genetic depletion of PRP8 protein in vivo, heat inactivation of temperatu93010964 Human small cell lung cancer expresses the octamer DNA-binding and nervous system-specific transcription factor N-Oct 3 (brain-2). Schreiber E; Himmelmann A; Malipiero U; Tobler A; Stahel R; Fontana A Cancer Res 52: 6121-4 (1992) Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells express several characteristics of neuronal cells, including synthesis of neuropeptides and expression of the respective receptors. Establishment and maintenance of93008021 Mutagenesis of the Bacillus subtilis "-12, -24" promoter of the levanase operon and evidence for the existence of an upstream activating sequence. Martin-Verstraete I; Debarbouille M; Klier A; Rapoport G J Mol Biol 226: 85-99 (1992) The levanase operon of Bacillus subtilis is controlled by RNA polymerase associated with sigma 54 factor and by the LevR activator that is homologous to the NifA/NtrC family of regulators. A "-12, -2492318278 Control of constitutively-expressed developmentally-activated rat hepatic cytochrome P450 genes. Gonzalez FJ Keio J Med 41: 68-75 (1992) Cytochromes P450 (P450) collectively refer to a superfamily of heme-containing enzymes that use O2 and electrons from NADPH to insert a single atom of oxygen into any one of a large number of substrat92318540 In vitro activation of heat shock transcription factor by 4-hydroxynonenal. Cajone F; Crescente M Chem Biol Interact 84: 97-112 (1992) In the activation of eukaryotic heat shock genes, the acquisition of a binding ability to specific DNA sequence by a transcriptional activator, heat shock factor (HSF), is believed to be a crucial ste93008478 slow border cells, a locus required for a developmentally regulated cell migration during oogenesis, encodes Drosophila C/EBP. Montell DJ; Rorth P; Spradling AC Cell 71: 51-62 (1992) During Drosophila oogenesis six to ten follicle cells, the border cells, undergo a dramatic and stereotypic migration through the developing egg chamber. We identified four independent P element inser93008243 Manipulation of flower structure in transgenic tobacco. Mandel MA; Bowman JL; Kempin SA; Ma H; Meyerowitz EM; Yanofsky MF Cell 71: 133-43 (1992) Genetic studies suggest that three homeotic functions, designated A, B, and C, act alone and together to specify the fate of floral organ primordia in distantly related dicotyledonous plant species. T93008236 A novel temporal expression pattern of three C/EBP family members in differentiating myelomonocytic cells. Scott LM; Civin CI; Rorth P; Friedman AD Blood 80: 1725-35 (1992) Members of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family have been shown to regulate the terminal differentiation of adipocytes and hepatocytes. In these cell lineages, high levels of C/EBP alpha 93004724 Induction of the POU domain transcription factor Oct-2 during T-cell activation by cognate antigen. Kang SM; Tsang W; Doll S; Scherle P; Ko HS; Tran AC; Lenardo MJ; Staudt LM Mol Cell Biol 12: 3149-54 (1992) Oct-2 is a transcription factor that binds specifically to octamer DNA motifs in the promoters of immunoglobulin and interleukin-2 genes. All tumor cell lines from the B-cell lineage and a few from th92318932 Differential binding of zinc fingers from Xenopus TFIIIA and p43 to 5S RNA and the 5S RNA gene. Darby MK; Joho KE Mol Cell Biol 12: 3155-64 (1992) Zinc fingers are usually associated with proteins that interact with DNA. Yet in two oocyte-specific Xenopus proteins, TFIIA and p43, zinc fingers are used to bind 5S RNA. One of these, TFIIIA, also b92318933 Purinergic agonist induction of metallothionein. Xiong X; Garrett SH; Arizono K; Brady FO Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 201: 59-65 (1992) Metallothionein (MT) protein is readily induced in vivo in rat liver by adenosine and adenosine agonists (2-chloroadenosine, 5-(N-ethyl) carboxamido adenosine, and 5-chloro-5-deoxyadenosine). These pr92409627 Molecular cloning of two C/EBP-related proteins that bind to the promoter and the enhancer of the alpha 1-fetoprotein gene. Further analysis of C/EBP beta and C/EBP gamma. Thomassin H; Hamel D; Bernier D; Guertin M; Belanger L Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3091-8 (1992) In an attempt to identify proteins that may regulate alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP) gene expression, we screened a cDNA expression library from neonatal rat liver with two essential cis-elements of the AFP92319638 Downregulation of hepatic albumin mRNA in response to induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Crespo P; Gonzalez C; Albajar M; Rodriguez JC; Ortiz JM; Leon J Biochim Biophys Acta 1128: 77-82 (1992) Albumin gene expression was studied in rabbits fed on a cholesterol-rich diet for up to 16 weeks. Livers from experimental animals showed extensive lipid deposition. Hepatic albumin mRNA abundance dec93003308 RNA polymerase II initiation factor alpha from rat liver is almost identical to human TFIIB. Tsuboi A; Conger K; Garrett KP; Conaway RC; Conaway JW; Arai N Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3250 (1992) 92319661 The INO2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a helix-loop-helix protein that is required for activation of phospholipid synthesis. Nikoloff DM; McGraw P; Henry SA Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3253 (1992) 92319664 Transcription factors and liver-specific genes. De Simone V; Cortese R Biochim Biophys Acta 1132: 119-26 (1992) 93003313 The Y-box factors: a family of nucleic acid binding proteins conserved from Escherichia coli to man. Wolffe AP; Tafuri S; Ranjan M; Familari M New Biol 4: 290-8 (1992) The Y-box factors interact specifically with both DNA and RNA. Biologically they have roles in both transcriptional and translational regulation. Conserved through evolution from prokaryotic to eukary92322631 Cloning of a subunit of yeast RNA polymerase II transcription factor b and CTD kinase. Gileadi O; Feaver WJ; Kornberg RD Science 257: 1389-92 (1992) Yeast RNA polymerase II initiation factor b copurifies with three polypeptides of 85, 73, and 50 kilodaltons and with a protein kinase that phosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal repeat domain (CTD) of 92410301 Dominant negative mutants of transcription factor mXBP (CRE-BP1, ATF-2). Ivashkiv LB; Fleming MD; Glimcher LH New Biol 4: 360-8 (1992) Transcription factors of the CREB/ATF family bind to a consensus DNA sequence TGACGTCA (cyclic AMP response element) found in the promoters of numerous genes. Transcriptional activation by one of thes92322639 The retinoblastoma protein region required for interaction with the E2F transcription factor includes the T/E1A binding and carboxy-terminal sequences. Huang S; Shin E; Sheppard KA; Chokroverty L; Shan B; Qian YW; Lee EY; Yee AS DNA Cell Biol 11: 539-48 (1992) Recent experiments in understanding the mechanism of the retinoblastoma protein (RB) function have revealed the existence of several cellular proteins that are complexed with RB. One of these cellular93000474 NCAM: structural diversity, function and regulation of expression. Goridis C; Brunet JF Semin Cell Biol 3: 189-97 (1992) NCAM is a large family of structurally closely related proteins with cell-cell adhesive properties and a temporo-spatially regulated expression throughout development. This review covers recent work o92323005 Minimum length of a sequence-specific DNA binding peptide. Talanian RV; McKnight CJ; Rutkowski R; Kim PS Biochemistry 31: 6871-5 (1992) NMR experiments show that a stable complex can be formed between a 14-base-pair oligonucleotide and a disulfide-bonded dimer of a peptide containing 27 residues of the basic region of the yeast transc92345246 Identification of the rph (RNase PH) gene of Bacillus subtilis: evidence for suppression of cold-sensitive mutations in Escherichia coli. Craven MG; Henner DJ; Alessi D; Schauer AT; Ost KA; Deutscher MP; Friedman DI J Bacteriol 174: 4727-35 (1992) A shotgun cloning of Bacillus subtilis DNA into pBR322 yielded a 2-kb fragment that suppresses the cold-sensitive defect of the nusA10(Cs) Escherichia coli mutant. The responsible gene encodes an open92325065 SCL gene in human tumors. Rockman S; Begley CG; Kannourakis G; Mann GJ; Dobrovic AN; Kefford RF; McGrath K Leukemia 6: 623-5 (1992) The SCL gene encodes a member of the helix-loop-helix (HLH) family of transcription factors and is reportedly involved in up to 25% of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We have surveyed ove92326428 B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells contain both endogenous kappa immunoglobulin mRNA and critical immunoglobulin gene activation transcription factors. Zaknoen SL; Christian SL; Suen R; Van Ness B; Kay NE Leukemia 6: 675-9 (1992) B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation and accumulation of mature-looking B lymphocytes. Patients with B-CLL exhibit a number of imm92326436 Expression of c-fos and NGFI-A messenger RNA in the medulla oblongata of the anaesthetized rat following stimulation of vagal and cardiovascular afferents. Rutherfurd SD; Widdop RE; Sannajust F; Louis WJ; Gundlach AL Brain Res Mol Brain Res 13: 301-12 (1992) Messenger RNA encoding the immediate early genes (IEGs) c-fos and NGFI-A was localized by in situ hybridization of specific 35S-labelled oligonucleotides to detect activated neurones in the medulla ob92326573 Basal expression of Fos, Fos-related, Jun, and Krox 24 proteins in rat hippocampus. Hughes P; Lawlor P; Dragunow M Brain Res Mol Brain Res 13: 355-7 (1992) The basal expression of the protein products of the inducible immediate early genes (IEGs), Fos, Jun, and Krox 24, was investigated in rat hippocampus using immunocytochemical visualization methods wi92326579 The VirF protein from Shigella flexneri is a member of the AraC transcription factor superfamily and is highly homologous to Rns, a positive regulator of virulence genes in enterotoxigenic EscherichiaDorman CJ Mol Microbiol 6: 1575 (1992) 92326642 Models of insulin action on metabolic and growth response genes. Alexander-Bridges M; Buggs C; Giere L; Denaro M; Kahn B; White M; Sukhatme V; Nasrin N Mol Cell Biochem 109: 99-105 (1992) In ongoing studies aimed at elucidating the mechanism of insulin action on the expression of genes that modulate glucose utilization and cell growth, we have focused on the inductive effect of insulin92326807 Interplay of steroid hormone receptors and transcription factors on the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter. Truss M; Chalepakis G; Beato M J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 43: 365-78 (1992) The mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter, that responds to glucocorticoids and progestins, contains a complex hormone response element (HRE) in the long terminal repeat (LTR) region covered by a 93002533 C/EBP and c-JUN proteins activate the proximal enhancer of the developmentally regulated alpha-fetoprotein gene. Houart C; Szpirer J; Szpirer C Int J Dev Biol 36: 109-14 (1992) The expression of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) gene is developmentally regulated. Active transcription of this gene depends on a proximal enhancer sequence located between positions D-203 bp and -81 bp92329305 Role of monoamine systems in activation of zif268 by cocaine. Bhat RV; Cole AJ; Baraban JM J Psychiatry Neurosci 17: 94-102 (1992) Rapid activation of transcription factor genes is thought to play a key role in stimulus-induced neuronal plasticity. To help understand the genomic response that may underlie long-term effects of coc93002960 GATA-binding transcription factors in hematopoietic cells. Orkin SH Blood 80: 575-81 (1992) 92345590 A 22 bp cis-acting element is necessary and sufficient for the induction of the yeast KAR2 (BiP) gene by unfolded proteins. Mori K; Sant A; Kohno K; Normington K; Gething MJ; Sambrook JF EMBO J 11: 2583-93 (1992) The KAR2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae codes for an essential chaperone protein (BiP) that is localized in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The high basal rate of transcription of KAR2 92331610 Regulation of expression of transforming growth factor-beta 2 by transforming growth factor-beta isoforms is dependent upon cell type. O'Reilly MA; Danielpour D; Roberts AB; Sporn MB Growth Factors 6: 193-201 (1992) The effect of three different isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) on the expression of TGF-beta 2 mRNA was studied in several continuous tumor cell lines. As previously reported for93001223 The SRF and MCM1 transcription factors. Treisman R; Ammerer G Curr Opin Genet Dev 2: 221-6 (1992) The mammalian transcription factor SRF (serum-response factor) and the related Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor MCM1 are the prototypes of a new class of dimeric DNA-binding proteins. The92345832 CD4 gene transcription is transiently repressed during differentiation of myeloid cells to macrophage-like cells. Pimentel-Muinos FX; Lopez-Guerrero JA; Fresno M; Alonso MA Eur J Biochem 207: 321-5 (1992) The CD4 glycoprotein, which serves as receptor for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is expressed in several types of cells of hematopoietic origin, including T lymphocytes and monocytes. Triggering92331671 c-jun and c-fos are expressed by human megakaryocytes. Mouthon MA; Navarro S; Katz A; Breton-Gorius J; Vainchenker W Exp Hematol 20: 909-15 (1992) Expression of the main nuclear protooncogenes during terminal megakaryocyte (MK) differentiation is poorly understood. Because previous results have suggested that c-fos and c-jun protooncogenes are e92331744 The human heat shock protein hsp70 interacts with HSF, the transcription factor that regulates heat shock gene expression. Abravaya K; Myers MP; Murphy SP; Morimoto RI Genes Dev 6: 1153-64 (1992) Transcriptional regulation of the human hsp70 gene in response to heat shock and other forms of physiological stress occurs through the activation of heat shock transcription factor (HSF). Exposure of92331923 Salt-dependent formation of DNA/protein complexes in vitro, as viewed by the gel mobility shift assay. Robidoux S; Guerin SL; Eskild W; Kroepelin CF; Hansson V Biotechniques 13: 354-7 (1992) 93001133 Human interferon regulatory factor 1: intron-exon organization. Cha Y; Sims SH; Romine MF; Kaufmann M; Deisseroth AB DNA Cell Biol 11: 605-11 (1992) Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is a transcriptional regulatory protein that mediates the transcriptional activation of the IFN-alpha and IFN-beta genes by viruses and IFNs. To characteri93000481 Interaction of TPA and ultraviolet B radiation in regulation of ODC gene expression in rat keratinocytes. Rosen CF; Gajic D; Jia Q; Drucker DJ Am J Physiol 263: C1103-10 (1992) Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) and phorbol esters are known to promote tumor formation in skin; however, the interaction between UVB and phorbol esters in the regulation of gene expression remains inco93072313 A general role for the lux autoinducer in bacterial cell signalling: control of antibiotic biosynthesis in Erwinia. Bainton NJ; Bycroft BW; Chhabra SR; Stead P; Gledhill L; Hill PJ; Rees CE; Winson MK; Salmond GP; Stewart GS; et al Gene 116: 87-91 (1992) Micro-organisms have evolved complex and diverse mechanisms to sense environmental changes. Activation of a sensory mechanism typically leads to alterations in gene expression facilitating an adaptive92331955 Mutations in a central highly conserved non-DNA-binding region of OmpR, an Escherichia coli transcriptional activator, influence its DNA-binding ability. Brissette RE; Tsung K; Inouye M J Bacteriol 174: 4907-12 (1992) OmpR is a transcriptional activator for the expression of outer membrane porin genes ompF and ompC in Escherichia coli. Its C-terminal half has been identified as the DNA-binding domain (K. Tsung, R. 92332423 mRNP4, a major mRNA-binding protein from Xenopus oocytes is identical to transcription factor FRG Y2. Deschamps S; Viel A; Garrigos M; Denis H; le Maire M J Biol Chem 267: 13799-802 (1992) Previous work has revealed a striking similarity between the sequence of mRNP4, a major mRNA-binding protein of Xenopus laevis oocytes and FRG Y2, a transcription factor specific for Y-box-containing 92332467 Adjacent nuclear factor-1 and activator protein binding sites in the enhancer of the neurotropic JC virus. A common characteristic of many brain-specific genes. Amemiya K; Traub R; Durham L; Major EO J Biol Chem 267: 14204-11 (1992) JC virus is a neurotropic virus that causes the demyelinating disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in humans. In order to understand the neurotropic nature of this virus, we examined the92332529 The expression of 80K/MARCKS, a major substrate of protein kinase C (PKC), is down-regulated through both PKC-dependent and -independent pathways. Effects of bombesin, platelet-derived growth factor, Brooks SF; Herget T; Broad S; Rozengurt E J Biol Chem 267: 14212-8 (1992) We have examined the regulation of expression of 80K/MARCKS, a major and specific protein kinase C (PKC) substrate of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts. Addition of bombesin (10 nM) to confluent quiescent culture92332530 Coronavirus mRNA transcription: UV light transcriptional mapping studies suggest an early requirement for a genomic-length template. Yokomori K; Banner LR; Lai MM J Virol 66: 4671-8 (1992) Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) synthesizes seven to eight mRNAs, each of which contains a leader RNA derived from the 5' end of the genome. To understand the mechanism of synthesis of these mRNAs, we stu92333644 Mechanism of attenuation of a chimeric influenza A/B transfectant virus. Luo G; Bergmann M; Garcia-Sastre A; Palese P J Virol 66: 4679-85 (1992) The ribonucleoprotein transfection system for influenza virus allowed us to construct an influenza A virus containing a chimeric neuraminidase (NA) gene in which the noncoding sequence is derived from92333645 Expression of the Escherichia coli dam gene. Lobner-Olesen A; Boye E; Marinus MG Mol Microbiol 6: 1841-51 (1992) The Escherichia coli dam gene and upstream sequences were cloned from the Kohara phage 4D4. Five promoters were found to contribute to dam gene transcription. P1 and P2 (the major promoter) were situa92334160 NtcA, a global nitrogen regulator from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus that belongs to the Crp family of bacterial regulators. Vega-Palas MA; Flores E; Herrero A Mol Microbiol 6: 1853-9 (1992) The gene ntcA is required for full expression of proteins subject to ammonium repression in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus. A 3.1 kb DNA fragment able to complement an ntcA mutant was digested with 92334161 Subunit of an alpha-interferon-responsive transcription factor is related to interferon regulatory factor and Myb families of DNA-binding proteins. Veals SA; Schindler C; Leonard D; Fu XY; Aebersold R; Darnell JE Jr; Levy DE Mol Cell Biol 12: 3315-24 (1992) Alpha interferon stimulates transcription by converting the positive transcriptional regulator ISGF3 from a latent to an active form. This receptor-mediated event occurs in the cytoplasm, with subsequ92334329 Murine helix-loop-helix transcriptional activator proteins binding to the E-box motif of the Akv murine leukemia virus enhancer identified by cDNA cloning. Nielsen AL; Pallisgaard N; Pedersen FS; Jorgensen P Mol Cell Biol 12: 3449-59 (1992) The enhancer region of Akv murine leukemia virus contains the sequence motif ACAGATGG. This sequence is homologous to the E-box motif originally defined as a regulatory element in the enhancers of imm92334344 Inhibition of the activation of heat shock factor in vivo and in vitro by flavonoids. Hosokawa N; Hirayoshi K; Kudo H; Takechi H; Aoike A; Kawai K; Nagata K Mol Cell Biol 12: 3490-8 (1992) Transcriptional activation of human heat shock protein (HSP) genes by heat shock or other stresses is regulated by the activation of a heat shock factor (HSF). Activated HSF posttranslationally acquir92334348 Constitutive and inducible factors bind to regulatory element 3 in the promoter of the gene encoding mouse granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Asano M; Nagata S Gene 121: 371-5 (1992) The expression of the mouse gene (G-CSF) encoding granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is controlled by at least three regulatory elements, GPE1, GPE2 and GPE3 (G-CSF promoter elements). A set of 30-93077056 A positive regulator of the ribosomal protein gene, beta factor, belongs to the ETS oncoprotein family. Yoganathan T; Bhat NK; Sells BH Biochem J 287 ( Pt 2): 349-53 (1992) The beta factor, which interacts with the rpL32 promoter, binds to the sequence 5'-GAGCCGGAAGTG and trans-activates this gene. Comparison of the DNA sequences bound by the beta factor with those bound93074964 U1RNP antibody-positive neonatal lupus. A report of two cases with immunogenetic studies. Dugan EM; Tunnessen WW; Honig PJ; Watson RM Arch Dermatol 128: 1490-4 (1992) BACKGROUND--Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a distinct subset of lupus characterized by cutaneous findings (50%), cardiac conduction defects (50%), and autoantibodies to Ro (SS-A) antigen. HLA t93074027 A cDNA encoding a pRB-binding protein with properties of the transcription factor E2F. Helin K; Lees JA; Vidal M; Dyson N; Harlow E; Fattaey A Cell 70: 337-50 (1992) The retinoblastoma protein (pRB) plays an important role in the control of cell proliferation, apparently by binding to and regulating cellular transcription factors such as E2F. Here we describe the 92346720 SRF and MCM1 have related but distinct DNA binding specificities. Wynne J; Treisman R Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3297-303 (1992) The mammalian transcription factor SRF and the yeast regulatory protein MCM1 contain DNA binding domains that are 70% identical; moreover, both proteins can bind the serum response element in the huma92334976 Elk-1 protein domains required for direct and SRF-assisted DNA-binding. Janknecht R; Nordheim A Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3317-24 (1992) The Ets-related Elk-1 protein can bind to purine-rich DNA target sites in a sequence specific fashion and, in addition, can form a ternary complex with the c-fos serum response element (SRE) and the s92334979 Variants of the Xenopus laevis ribosomal transcription factor xUBF are developmentally regulated by differential splicing. Guimond A; Moss T Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3361-6 (1992) XUBF is a Xenopus ribosomal transcription factor of the HMG-box family which contains five tandemly disposed homologies to the HMG1 & 2 DNA binding domains. XUBF has been isolated as a protein doublet92334986 A comparison of the DNA bending activities of the DNA binding proteins CRP and TFIID. Gaston K; Bell A; Busby S; Fried M Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3391-6 (1992) Protein-induced DNA bending is of importance in the formation of complex nucleoprotein assemblies such as those involved in the initiation of DNA replication or transcription initiation. We have compa92334990 Characterization of the factors binding to a PEPCK gene upstream hypersensitive site with LCR activity. Cheyette TE; Ip T; Faber S; Matsui Y; Chalkley R Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3427-33 (1992) A previously described upstream hypersensitive site (HS) in the PEPCK gene at -4800 bp, termed HS A (1), has been characterized and determined to bind at least two factors. One of these is a member of92334995 Protein interaction cloning in yeast: identification of mammalian proteins that react with the leucine zipper of Jun. Chevray PM; Nathans D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 5789-93 (1992) To identify proteins that interact with Jun or Fos we have used the protein interaction cloning system developed by S. Fields and O.-K. Song [(1989) Nature (London) 340, 245-246] to clone mammalian cD92335183 The DNA-binding protein E12 co-operates with XMyoD in the activation of muscle-specific gene expression in Xenopus embryos. Rashbass J; Taylor MV; Gurdon JB EMBO J 11: 2981-90 (1992) Two alternatively spliced products of the human E2A gene, E12 and E47, encode helix-loop-helix DNA-binding proteins. Here we describe the isolation of two Xenopus cDNAs; one, XE12, is structurally sim92347333 Hormonal regulation of the thyrotropin beta-subunit gene by phosphorylation of the pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-1. Steinfelder HJ; Radovick S; Wondisford FE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 5942-5 (1992) The pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-1 is a cell-specific activator of prolactin and growth hormone gene transcription in the anterior pituitary. Pit-1 has also been shown to mediate both t92335213 The LIM family transcription factor Isl-1 requires cAMP response element binding protein to promote somatostatin expression in pancreatic islet cells. Leonard J; Serup P; Gonzalez G; Edlund T; Montminy M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 6247-51 (1992) Many eukaryotic genes are regulated by cAMP through a conserved cAMP response element (CRE). Here we show that, in the pancreatic islet cell line Tu6, a well-characterized CRE in the somatostatin gene92335275 Disruption of a binding site for hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 results in hemophilia B Leyden. Reijnen MJ; Sladek FM; Bertina RM; Reitsma PH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 6300-3 (1992) Hemophilia B Leyden is an X chromosome-linked bleeding disorder characterized by very low plasma levels of blood coagulation factor IX (fIX) during childhood. After puberty, plasma fIX levels graduall92335285 Effects of tumour necrosis factor-alpha on growth hormone and interleukin 6 mRNA in ovine pituitary cells. Nash AD; Brandon MR; Bello PA Mol Cell Endocrinol 84: R31-7 (1992) The inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) have been demonstrated to influence pituitary hormone synthesis directly and via the 92347599 Cell cycle-dependent initiation and lineage-dependent abrogation of GATA-1 expression in pure differentiating hematopoietic progenitors. Sposi NM; Zon LI; Care A; Valtieri M; Testa U; Gabbianelli M; Mariani G; Bottero L; Mather C; Orkin SH; et al Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 6353-7 (1992) The programmed activation/repression of transcription factors in early hematopoietic differentiation has not yet been explored. The DNA-binding protein GATA-1 is required for normal erythroid developm92335296 Neural-specific expression, genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding the zinc-finger transcription factor NGFI-C. Crosby SD; Veile RA; Donis-Keller H; Baraban JM; Bhat RV; Simburger KS; Milbrandt J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 6663 (1992) 92335356 Functional erythroid promoters created by interaction of the transcription factor GATA-1 with CACCC and AP-1/NFE-2 elements. Walters M; Martin DI Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 10444-8 (1992) We have investigated interactions between the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 and factors binding two cis-acting elements commonly linked to GATA sites in erythroid control elements. GATA-1 is p93066255 Making muscle in mammals. Buckingham M Trends Genet 8: 144-8 (1992) Classical embryology has provided a conceptual basis for our understanding of where muscle comes from. Histological and morphological studies of muscle fibre formation in the foetus and neonate have p92336377 NSCL-2: a basic domain helix-loop-helix gene expressed in early neurogenesis. Gobel V; Lipkowitz S; Kozak CA; Kirsch IR Cell Growth Differ 3: 143-8 (1992) We have identified a new basic domain helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene, NSCL-2, which was cloned because of its homology to the previously described putative hematopoietic transcription factor, SCL. NSCL-92338093 The ets gene family. Seth A; Ascione R; Fisher RJ; Mavrothalassitis GJ; Bhat NK; Papas TS Cell Growth Differ 3: 327-34 (1992) 92338107 Homo- and heteronuclear NMR studies of the human retinoic acid receptor beta DNA-binding domain: sequential assignments and identification of secondary structure elements. Katahira M; Knegtel RM; Boelens R; Eib D; Schilthuis JG; van der Saag PT; Kaptein R Biochemistry 31: 6474-80 (1992) An 80 amino acid polypeptide corresponding to the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of the human retinoic acid receptor beta (hRAR-beta) has been studied by 1H homonuclear and 15N-1H heteronuclear two- and thr92338160 Characterization of the copper- and silver-thiolate clusters in N-terminal fragments of the yeast ACE1 transcription factor capable of binding to its specific DNA recognition sequence. Casas-Finet JR; Hu S; Hamer D; Karpel RL Biochemistry 31: 6617-26 (1992) N-terminal fragments of ACE1 protein spanning residues 1-122 or 1-110, termed ACE1(122*) and ACE1(110*), respectively, were investigated in regard to their metal- and double-stranded DNA-binding prope92338179 Effects of the hepatocarcinogen 2-aminofluorene on RNA synthesis in rat liver. Widlak P; Rzeszowska-Wolny J Acta Biochim Pol 39: 21-6 (1992) 93070740 Sequence-specific interaction of the HMG box proteins TCF-1 and SRY occurs within the minor groove of a Watson-Crick double helix. van de Wetering M; Clevers H EMBO J 11: 3039-44 (1992) The high mobility group I (HMG) box is proposed to mediate DNA binding in a novel group of transcription-regulating proteins. Two of these, the proteins encoded by the T cell-specific TCF-1 and the ma92347339 Crossed signals: oncogenic transcription factors. Forrest D; Curran T Curr Opin Genet Dev 2: 19-27 (1992) Transcription factors operate at key regulatory junctions in the cell's responses to diverse extracellular stimuli. We discuss how the transforming activity of mutated transcription factors encoded by92338585 Definition of the binding sites of individual zinc fingers in the transcription factor IIIA-5S RNA gene complex. Clemens KR; Liao X; Wolf V; Wright PE; Gottesfeld JM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 10822-6 (1992) A series of polypeptides containing increasing numbers of zinc fingers of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA has been generated and binding to the 5S RNA gene internal control region has been studied i93066335 Identification of three mammalian proteins that bind to the yeast TATA box protein TFIID. Coulombe B; Killeen M; Liljelund P; Honda B; Xiao H; Ingles CJ; Greenblatt J Gene Expr 2: 99-110 (1992) The TATA box binding transcription factor TFIID of S. cerevisiae was used as a ligand for affinity chromatography. Polypeptides that bind specifically to yeast TFIID (TFIID-associated proteins, DAPs) 92338695 Transcription factors, translocations and haematological malignancies. Green AR Blood Rev 6: 118-24 (1992) Haematological malignancies arise as a consequence of clonal evolution driven by an accumulation of somatic mutations. Many haematological malignancies are associated with chromosome translocations th92338944 TNF-induced, cytotoxicity-linked IL6 gene expression in L929 cells may require factors other than NF-kappa B. Patestos NP; Haegeman G; Fiers W Biochem Soc Trans 20: 80S (1992) 92339745 Gibberellin perception and the Avena fatua aleurone: do our molecular keys fit the correct locks? Hooley R; Beale MH; Smith SJ; Walker RP; Rushton PJ; Whitford PN; Lazarus CM Biochem Soc Trans 20: 85-9 (1992) The plant hormones GA, ABA, and auxin differ from the majority of animal hormones in that they are hydrophobic weak acids. They are soluble in the inter- and intra-cellular environments of plant tissu92339750 Regulation of IL6 gene expression. Sehgal PB Res Immunol 143: 724-34 (1992) 93067460 [Involvement of positive (IRF-1) and negative (IRF-2) transcription factors in the gene regulation of the type I interferon system] Watanabe N; Taniguchi T Tanpakushitsu Kakusan Koso 37: 2813-22 (1992) 93067094 Activation of kappa B-specific proteins by estradiol. Shyamala G; Guiot MC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 10628-32 (1992) The kappa B enhancer serves as a recognition site for the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B and other kappa B-specific proteins which are activated in many cell types in response to a variety of93066297 SpCOUP-TF: a sea urchin member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor family. Chan SM; Xu N; Niemeyer CC; Bone JR; Flytzanis CN Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 10568-72 (1992) Embryonic nuclear proteins from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus bind in vitro to a cis-acting element that lies upstream of the actin gene CyIIIb and consists of two direct repeats homolo93066285 Genomic structure of the putative BTF3 transcription factor. Kanno M; Chalut C; Egly JM Gene 117: 219-28 (1992) On the basis of the amino acid (aa) sequence of the putative BTF3 transcription factor, two complementary DNAs coding for the two proteins, BTF3a and BTF3b, have been cloned from a HeLa cell cDNA libr92347696 Effect of antiinflammatory agents on synthesis of MCP-1/JE transcripts by human blood monocytes. Brach MA; Gruss HJ; Riedel D; Asano Y; De Vos S; Herrmann F Mol Pharmacol 42: 63-8 (1992) The human monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 encoded by the JE gene belongs to a family of low molecular weight secretory cytokines with monocyte-stimulating activity. JE transcripts are constit92342138 Absence of c-fos induction in neonatal rat brain after seizures. Schreiber SS; Tocco G; Najm I; Finch CE; Johnson SA; Baudry M Neurosci Lett 136: 31-5 (1992) Induction of the proto-oncogene c-fos is often considered to be a marker of increased neuronal activity. We have used in situ hybridization to study the pattern of c-fos expression in limbic structure92342303 Expression of the junD proto-oncogene in the rat spinal cord and skin following noxious cutaneous ultraviolet irradiation. Gillardon F; Wiesner RJ; Zimmermann M Neurosci Lett 136: 87-90 (1992) Noxious peripheral stimulation induces the expression of various proto-oncogenes in rat spinal neurons. However, proto-oncogene expression seems to differ depending on the mode of the stimulus. Here, 92342318 Fusion of the leucine zipper gene HLF to the E2A gene in human acute B-lineage leukemia. Inaba T; Roberts WM; Shapiro LH; Jolly KW; Raimondi SC; Smith SD; Look AT Science 257: 531-4 (1992) A t(17;19) chromosomal translocation in early B-lineage acute leukemia was shown to result in chimeric transcripts that contain sequences from the E2A basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor gene 92342953 Hematopoietic transcription regulators and the origins of leukemia. Hromas R; Zon L; Friedman AD Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 12: 167-90 (1992) 92272981 Induction of expression of genes encoding transcription factors in the rat brain elicited by behavioral training. Nikolaev E; Kaminska B; Tischmeyer W; Matthies H; Kaczmarek L Brain Res Bull 28: 479-84 (1992) c-fos and zif/268 are regulatory genes encoding transcription factors able to influence gene expression directly. It has been shown repeatedly that expression of transcription factors correlates with 92274205 Pax in development. Gruss P; Walther C Cell 69: 719-22 (1992) 92274440 Cloning and sequencing of a trophoblast-endothelial-activated lymphocyte surface protein: cDNA sequence and genomic structure. Voland JR; Wyzykowski RJ; Huang M; Dutton RW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 10425-9 (1992) We have previously described the distribution of a surface glycoprotein recognized by monoclonal antibody B721. We now report the molecular characterization of this molecule at the protein, cDNA, and 93066251 Streptomyces contain a 7.0 kDa cold shock like protein. Av-Gay Y; Aharonowitz Y; Cohen G Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5478 (1992) 93065223 Temperature-dependent template switching during in vitro cDNA synthesis by the AMV-reverse transcriptase. Ouhammouch M; Brody EN Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5443-50 (1992) Reverse transcriptase template switching has been invoked to explain several aspects of retroviral replication and recombination, and has been reported in vitro for the Moloney murine leukemia virus (93065214 Characterization and chromosomal mapping of the gene encoding the cellular DNA binding protein HTLF. Li C; Lusis AJ; Sparkes R; Tran SM; Gaynor R Genomics 13: 658-64 (1992) A region of the human T-cell leukemia virus long terminal repeat (HTLV-I LTR) located between -155 and -117 is important in the regulation of gene expression by the ets family of transcription factors92347862 The Drosophila sloppy paired locus encodes two proteins involved in segmentation that show homology to mammalian transcription factors. Grossniklaus U; Pearson RK; Gehring WJ Genes Dev 6: 1030-51 (1992) The sloppy paired locus is involved in the establishment of the metameric body plan of the Drosophila embryo. We have cloned the sloppy paired locus by P-element-mediated enhancer detection. The locus92275347 A novel modulator domain of Ets transcription factors. Wasylyk C; Kerckaert JP; Wasylyk B Genes Dev 6: 965-74 (1992) The ets gene family is composed of several oncogenes and codes for transcription factors. The Ets proteins have a similar sequence called the ets domain and bind to the core motif A/CGGAA. We show her92275360 Interaction of murine ets-1 with GGA-binding sites establishes the ETS domain as a new DNA-binding motif. Nye JA; Petersen JM; Gunther CV; Jonsen MD; Graves BJ Genes Dev 6: 975-90 (1992) The proto-oncogene ets-1 is the founding member of a new family of eukaryotic transcriptional regulators. Using deletion mutants of murine ets-1 cDNA expressed in Escherichia coli, we show that the DN92275361 Characterization of a novel T lymphocyte protein which binds to a site related to steroid/thyroid hormone receptor response elements in the negative regulatory sequence of the human immunodeficiency vOrchard K; Lang G; Collins M; Latchman D Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5429-34 (1992) We have previously identified a T lymphocyte protein which binds to a site within the LTR of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and exerts an inhibitory effect on virus gene expression. T93065212 Extracellular matrix regulation of hepatic transcription factors is dependent on cell structure. Schuetz EG Hepatology 15: 1207-10 (1992) 92275562 Identification of pilR, which encodes a transcriptional activator of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pilin gene. Ishimoto KS; Lory S J Bacteriol 174: 3514-21 (1992) Two regulatory mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, R1 and RA, that affect transcription of the pilin gene were isolated. This was done by introducing a plasmid carrying a fusion of the pilin gene's pro92276329 Sin, a stage-specific repressor of cellular differentiation. Mandic-Mulec I; Gaur N; Bai U; Smith I J Bacteriol 174: 3561-9 (1992) Sin is a Bacillus subtilis DNA-binding protein which is essential for competence, motility, and autolysin production but also, if expressed on a multicopy plasmid, is inhibitory to sporulation and alk92276335 The Escherichia coli K-12 cyn operon is positively regulated by a member of the lysR family. Sung YC; Fuchs JA J Bacteriol 174: 3645-50 (1992) A regulatory gene, cynR, was found to be located next to the cyn operon but transcribed in the opposite direction. cynR encodes a positive regulatory protein that controls the cyn operon as well as it92276346 Sequence and transcriptional analysis of the Streptomyces glaucescens tcmAR tetracenomycin C resistance and repressor gene loci. Guilfoile PG; Hutchinson CR J Bacteriol 174: 3651-8 (1992) Sequence analysis of the tcmA tetracenomycin C resistance gene from Streptomyces glaucescens GLA.O (ETH 22794) identifies one large open reading frame whose deduced product has sequence similarity to 92276347 Expression and regulation of the antimonite, arsenite, and arsenate resistance operon of Staphylococcus xylosus plasmid pSX267. Rosenstein R; Peschel A; Wieland B; Gotz F J Bacteriol 174: 3676-83 (1992) The arsenate, arsenite, and antimonite resistance region of the Staphylococcus xylosus plasmid pSX267 was subcloned in Staphylococcus carnosus. The sequenced DNA region revealed three consecutive open92276350 Activation of Bacillus subtilis transcription factor sigma B by a regulatory pathway responsive to stationary-phase signals. Boylan SA; Rutherford A; Thomas SM; Price CW J Bacteriol 174: 3695-706 (1992) Alternative transcription factor sigma B of Bacillus subtilis controls a stationary-phase regulon induced under growth conditions that do not favor sporulation. Little is known about the metabolic sig92276352 Interferon-dependent signaling pathways: DNA elements, transcription factors, mutations, and effects of viral proteins. Stark GR; Kerr IM J Interferon Res 12: 147-51 (1992) 92348929 Synthesis and degradation of the mRNA of the Tn21 mer operon. Gambill BD; Summers AO J Mol Biol 225: 251-9 (1992) The mercury resistance locus encoded by Tn21 on the monocopy IncFII plasmid R100 (merTn21) consists of a metal-responsive activator/repressor, merR, which controls initiation of a polycistronic messag92277639 Schistosoma mansoni: adult males and females differentially express antigens encoded by repetitive genomic DNA. Smith AL; Huggins MC; Havercroft JC Parasitology 105 ( Pt 1): 63-9 (1992) Two repetitive DNA sequences have been characterized from Schistosoma mansoni which were transcribed into mRNAs and translated to give two families of cross-reactive proteins. One DNA element, which w93064847 elk-1 domains responsible for autonomous DNA binding, SRE:SRF interaction and negative regulation of DNA binding. Rao VN; Reddy ES Oncogene 7: 2335-40 (1992) The ets oncogene superfamily consists of a family of sequence-specific DNA-binding transcriptional activator proteins. We have previously identified, cloned and characterized one of the divergent ets-93064712 Binding of proteins from embryonic and differentiated cells to a bidirectional promoter contained within a CpG island. Tyndall C; Watt F; Molloy PL; Vincent PC; Frommer M J Mol Biol 226: 289-99 (1992) We have analysed binding sites of nuclear protein factors to a CpG island (HTF9), which contains the promoter for a pair of overlapping, divergently-transcribed "housekeeping" genes. Using DNaseI prot92349415 Complexes containing the retinoblastoma gene product recognize different DNA motifs related to the E2F binding site. Ouellette MM; Chen J; Wright WE; Shay JW Oncogene 7: 1075-81 (1992) The retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene encodes a 105-kDa nuclear phosphoprotein (RB) that can associate with DRTF-1 and E2F. These two transcription factors can recognize the same DNA motif in the a92278758 Heterodimerization among thyroid hormone receptor, retinoic acid receptor, retinoid X receptor, chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor, and an endogenous liver protein. Berrodin TJ; Marks MS; Ozato K; Linney E; Lazar MA Mol Endocrinol 6: 1468-78 (1992) Thyroid hormone receptor (TR) binds to DNA as a monomer, homodimer, and heterodimer with nuclear proteins. We have confirmed that the TR can heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors (RXRs)-alpha and -93062914 Cellular mechanisms of action of mineralocorticoid hormones. Johnson JP Pharmacol Ther 53: 1-29 (1992) Mineralocorticoid hormones are a subset of steroid hormones that act primarily in epithelial tissues to regulate ion transport of Na+, K+ and H+. Cellular specificity is conferred by receptors which a92350804 Kluyveromyces contains a functional ABF1-homologue. Goncalves PM; Maurer K; Mager WH; Planta RJ Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2211-5 (1992) ABF1 is a multifunctional protein present in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, involved in transcription-activation and -repression as well as in DNA-replication. Several lines of evidence indicate the occurr92279012 Mapping the transactivation domain of the Oct-6 POU transcription factor. Meijer D; Graus A; Grosveld G Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2241-7 (1992) The POU transcription factor Oct-6 is expressed in embryonic stem cells, glial progenitor cells and in a restricted set of neurons in the CNS. The protein has been shown to act as a transactivator as 92279016 v-Fps-responsiveness in the Egr-1 promoter is mediated by serum response elements. Alexandropoulos K; Qureshi SA; Rim M; Sukhatme VP; Foster DA Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2355-9 (1992) Egr-1, a mitogen-responsive transcription factor, is rapidly induced by v-Fps in the absence of protein synthesis. Thus, Egr-1 is a primary response to the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of v-Fps. T92279032 Molecular cloning of human CREB-2: an ATF/CREB transcription factor that can negatively regulate transcription from the cAMP response element. Karpinski BA; Morle GD; Huggenvik J; Uhler MD; Leiden JM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 4820-4 (1992) The cAMP response element (CRE) is an octanucleotide motif (TGACGTCA) that mediates diverse transcriptional regulatory effects. In this report we describe the isolation and characterization of a full-92279218 Expression pattern of the RAR alpha-PML fusion gene in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Alcalay M; Zangrilli D; Fagioli M; Pandolfi PP; Mencarelli A; Lo Coco F; Biondi A; Grignani F; Pelicci PG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 4840-4 (1992) Two chimeric genes, PML-RAR alpha and RAR alpha-PML, are formed as a consequence of the acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL)-specific reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 15 and 17 [t(15;17)]. PML-RA92279222 Regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA expression by activation of homologous and heterologous receptors. Habecker BA; Nathanson NM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 5035-8 (1992) Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in the embryonic chicken heart undergo agonist-induced internalization and a subsequent decrease in receptor number (downregulation). Cloning studies have id92279260 Enhanced hematopoietic growth factor production in an experimental myeloproliferative syndrome. Le Bousse-Kerdiles MC; Souyri M; Smadja-Joffe F; Praloran V; Jasmin C; Ziltener HJ Blood 79: 3179-87 (1992) The murine myeloproliferative syndrome induced by the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) has numerous similarities to human primary myelofibrosis. We have shown that medium conditioned by spleen 92282075 Teniposide induces nuclear but not mitochondrial DNA degradation. Tepper CG; Studzinski GP Cancer Res 52: 3384-90 (1992) Teniposide [4'-demethylepipophyllotoxin-4-(4,6-O-thenylidene-beta-D- glucopyranoside) (VM-26)] is a cancer chemotherapeutic drug with a high target specificity for DNA topoisomerase II. This agent ind92282618 Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of the proopiomelanocortin gene in the pars intermedia of the pituitary gland of Xenopus laevis. Ayoubi TA; Jenks BG; Roubos EW; Martens GJ Endocrinology 130: 3560-6 (1992) In the melanotrope cells of the intermediate pituitary gland of the amphibian Xenopus laevis, expression of the POMC gene is under physiological control, i.e. it is 20- to 30-fold higher in animals ad92283216 Two-stage induction of the soxRS (superoxide response) regulon of Escherichia coli. Wu J; Weiss B J Bacteriol 174: 3915-20 (1992) soxR and soxS are adjacent genes that govern a superoxide response regulon. Previous studies revealed that induction of the regulon is accompanied by increased transcription of soxS, which can activat92283745 Genetic dissection of DNA binding and luminescence gene activation by the Vibrio fischeri LuxR protein. Choi SH; Greenberg EP J Bacteriol 174: 4064-9 (1992) The Vibrio fischeri luminescence (lux) genes are regulated by the 250-amino-acid-residue LuxR protein and a V. fischeri metabolite termed autoinducer. The V. fischeri lux regulon consists of two diver92283763 Escherichia coli K-12 and B contain functional bacteriophage P2 ogr genes. Slettan A; Gebhardt K; Kristiansen E; Birkeland NK; Lindqvist BH J Bacteriol 174: 4094-100 (1992) The bacteriophage P2 ogr gene encodes an essential 72-amino-acid protein which acts as a positive regulator of P2 late transcription. A P2 ogr deletion phage, which depends on the supply of Ogr protei92283767 Mutational analysis of the Rhizobium meliloti nifA promoter. Agron PG; Ditta GS; Helinski DR J Bacteriol 174: 4120-9 (1992) The nifA gene of Rhizobium meliloti, the bacterial endosymbiont of alfalfa, is a regulatory nitrogen fixation gene required for the induction of several key nif and fix genes. Transcription of nifA is92283770 HTLV-I and HTLV-II tax trans-activate the human EGR-1 promoter through different cis-acting sequences. Sakamoto KM; Nimer SD; Rosenblatt JD; Gasson JC Oncogene 7: 2125-30 (1992) The immediate-early response gene, EGR-1, encodes a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that is involved in growth and differentiation of a variety of cell types. EGR-1 is induced in normal T 93064688 Crystal structure of TFIID TATA-box binding protein [see comments] Nikolov DB; Hu SH; Lin J; Gasch A; Hoffmann A; Horikoshi M; Chua NH; Roeder RG; Burley SK Nature 360: 40-6 (1992) The structure of a central component of the eukaryotic transcriptional apparatus, a TATA-box binding protein (TBP or TFIID tau) from Arabidopsis thaliana, has been determined by X-ray crystallography 93063314 Isolation and characterization of a putative transcription factor involved in the regulation of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides pucBA operon. McGlynn P; Hunter CN J Biol Chem 267: 11098-103 (1992) The pucBA operon of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides encodes the light harvesting 2 (LH2) apoproteins of the photosynthetic apparatus, and transcription of this operon is markedly 92283808 Multiple elements within the glucocorticoid regulatory unit of the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene are recognition sites for C/EBP. Ratajczak T; Williams PM; DiLorenzo D; Ringold GM J Biol Chem 267: 11111-9 (1992) Sequences between -106 and -42, located immediately downstream of the glucocorticoid response element, are essential for efficient glucocorticoid-stimulated expression of the alpha 1-acid glycoprotein92283810 Kinetic analysis of yeast TFIID-TATA box complex formation suggests a multi-step pathway. Hoopes BC; LeBlanc JF; Hawley DK J Biol Chem 267: 11539-47 (1992) The eukaryotic transcription factor TFIID recognizes and binds a promoter sequence element called the TATA box. We have analyzed the interaction of yeast TFIID with the consensus TATA box sequence of 92283872 Molecular characterization of the Arabidopsis floral homeotic gene APETALA1. Mandel MA; Gustafson-Brown C; Savidge B; Yanofsky MF Nature 360: 273-7 (1992) The first step in flower development is the transition of an inflorescence meristem into a floral meristem. Each floral meristem differentiates into a flower consisting of four organ types that occupy93063372 Conserved structural motifs within the N-terminal domain of TFIID tau from Xenopus, mouse and human. Hashimoto S; Fujita H; Hasegawa S; Roeder RG; Horikoshi M Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3788 (1992) 92350691 Crosslinking transcription factors to their recognition sequences with PtII complexes. Chu BC; Orgel LE Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2497-502 (1992) We have prepared phosphorothioate-containing cyclic oligodeoxynucleotides that fold into 'dumbbells' containing CRE and TRE sequences, the binding sequences for the CREB and JUN proteins, respectively92285132 Induction of a Streptomyces cacaoi beta-lactamase gene cloned in S. lividans. Lenzini VM; Magdalena J; Fraipont C; Joris B; Matagne A; Dusart J Mol Gen Genet 235: 41-8 (1992) The previously cloned class A beta-lactamase gene (bla) of Streptomyces cacaoi was shown to be inducible by beta-lactam compounds in the host organism S. lividans. A regulatory region of 2.75 kb was i93062806 The bromodomain: a conserved sequence found in human, Drosophila and yeast proteins. Haynes SR; Dollard C; Winston F; Beck S; Trowsdale J; Dawid IB Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2603 (1992) 92285152 CTF4, a chicken transcription factor of the helix-loop-helix class A family. Tsay HJ; Choe YH; Neville CM; Schmidt J Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2624 (1992) 92285158 TFD: the transcription factors database. Ghosh D Nucleic Acids Res 20 Suppl: 2091-3 (1992) 92285168 Modular structure of the FixL protein of Rhizobium meliloti. de Philip P; Soupene E; Batut J; Boistard P Mol Gen Genet 235: 49-54 (1992) FixL protein of Rhizobium meliloti is a haemo-protein kinase which activates the transcription of nifA and fixK genes via the transcriptional activator protein FixJ under microaerobic conditions. FixL93062807 Cloning and structural characterization of a rabbit genomic DNA for alpha 1 acid glycoprotein. Ray BK; Ray A Biochem Biophys Res Commun 185: 69-77 (1992) The gene for rabbit alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) has been isolated from a lambda EMBL3 genomic DNA library. Isolated clone contains a 12 Kbp fragment of rabbit genomic DNA. Restriction endonuclease92287142 Transgenic approaches to modifying cell and tissue function. Murphy D; Carter D Curr Opin Cell Biol 4: 274-9 (1992) As our knowledge of cell regulation pathways becomes increasingly sophisticated, the tools and techniques that have emerged from in vitro studies are being applied to the whole organism through transg92287524 Identification of GATA-1 and NF-E2 binding sites in the flanking regions of the human alpha-globin genes. Gourdon G; Morle F; Roche J; Tourneur N; Joulain V; Godet J Acta Haematol 87: 136-44 (1992) Some of the elements involved in the erythroid-specific transcriptional regulation of the human gamma- and beta-globin genes and located inside or in the immediate proximity of these genes have been i92351709 [Interaction of transcription factors of the NF-kappa B/rel family with DNA leads to significant bending of it at binding segments] Kuprash DV; Nedospasov SA Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 322: 421-6 (1992) 92289445 Functional profile of the human fetal gamma-globin gene upstream promoter region. Lin HJ; Han CY; Nienhuis AW Am J Hum Genet 51: 363-70 (1992) We performed a systematic functional analysis of the human gamma-globin promoter to identify its activator domains. We used a panel of truncation and scanning mutants as well as transfection in human 92351933 The prokaryotic enhancer binding protein NTRC has an ATPase activity which is phosphorylation and DNA dependent. Austin S; Dixon R EMBO J 11: 2219-28 (1992) The prokaryotic activator protein NTRC binds to enhancer-like elements and activates transcription in response to nitrogen limitation by catalysing open complex formation by sigma 54 RNA polymerase ho92289687 Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding the TATA box-binding protein (TFIID) from wheat. Kawata T; Minami M; Tamura T; Sumita K; Iwabuchi M Plant Mol Biol 19: 867-72 (1992) We isolated a complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the TATA-binding factor 'TFIID' from a wheat seedling cDNA library. The wheat TFIID transcript of 1.2 kb poly(A)+ RNA was expressed at a low level early92353396 In vitro phosphorylation of AlgR, a regulator of mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, by a histidine protein kinase and effects of small phospho-donor molecules. Deretic V; Leveau JH; Mohr CD; Hibler NS Mol Microbiol 6: 2761-7 (1992) AlgR is a transcriptional regulator of mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a critical virulence factor expressed in cystic fibrosis. AlgR belongs to the superfamily of bacterial signal transduction sys93062009 The human nerve growth factor gene: structure of the promoter region and expression in L929 fibroblasts. Cartwright M; Martin S; D'Mello S; Heinrich G Brain Res Mol Brain Res 15: 67-75 (1992) We previously studied the transcriptional mechanisms involved in expression of the murine nerve growth factor (NGF) gene. To investigate the regulation of transcription of the human NGF gene, the prom93061822 The rough (ro+) gene as a dominant P-element marker in germ line transformation of Drosophila melanogaster. Lockett TJ; Lewy D; Holmes P; Medveczky K; Saint R Gene 114: 187-93 (1992) We describe a new vector for the P-element-mediated introduction of gene constructs into the germ line of Drosophila melanogaster. The P-element vector carries 6.8 kb of genomic DNA containing the rou92290274 Genomic structure and alternative splicing of 519, a gene expressed late after T cell activation. Manning WC; O'Farrell S; Goralski TJ; Krensky AM J Immunol 148: 4036-42 (1992) Relatively little is known about the transcriptional control of genes expressed late after T cell activation. We have identified four genes expressed 3 to 5 days after T cell activation by alloantigen92291529 Mutant conformation of p53. Precise epitope mapping using a filamentous phage epitope library. Stephen CW; Lane DP J Mol Biol 225: 577-83 (1992) Many naturally occurring point mutations in the p53 gene lead to a proportion of the encoded protein molecules adopting a distinct, "mutant" conformation characterized by exposure of a normally crypti92292146 Transactivation of the major capsid protein gene of herpes simplex virus type 1 requires a cellular transcription factor. Chen S; Mills L; Perry P; Riddle S; Wobig R; Lown R; Millette RL J Virol 66: 4304-14 (1992) The purpose of this investigation was to identify and characterize the regulatory elements involved in the transcriptional activation of the beta gamma (leaky-late or gamma 1) genes of herpes simplex 92292255 Multistep regulation of enhancer activity of the 21-base-pair element of human T-cell leukemia virus type I. Niki M; Ohtani K; Nakamura M; Sugamura K J Virol 66: 4348-57 (1992) We examined the regulatory mechanisms of binding and transcriptional enhancement of the 21-bp core element of the enhancer of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) in response to forskolin, 12-O92292260 The transcription factors c-JUN, JUN D and CREB, but not FOS and KROX-24, are differentially regulated in axotomized neurons following transection of rat sciatic nerve. Herdegen T; Fiallos-Estrada CE; Schmid W; Bravo R; Zimmermann M Brain Res Mol Brain Res 14: 155-65 (1992) In adult rats, expression of c-JUN, JUN B, JUN D, c-FOS, FOS B, KROX-24 and CREB proteins was investigated by immunocytochemistry in L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia and lumbar spinal cord for up to 300 93061784 The human cytomegalovirus 80-kilodalton but not the 72-kilodalton immediate-early protein transactivates heterologous promoters in a TATA box-dependent mechanism and interacts directly with TFIID. Hagemeier C; Walker S; Caswell R; Kouzarides T; Sinclair J J Virol 66: 4452-6 (1992) We have asked how the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early 1 (IE1) and 2 (IE2) proteins act to transactivate heterologous cellular and viral promoters. Here we show that transactivation of the 92292272 Constitutive expression of an ISGF2/IRF1 transgene leads to interferon-independent activation of interferon-inducible genes and resistance to virus infection. Pine R J Virol 66: 4470-8 (1992) Interferon (IFN)-stimulated gene factor 2 (ISGF2) plays a role in transcription of the beta IFN (IFN-beta) gene and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and may function as a central mediator of cytokine respo92292275 A previously uncharacterized gene, PML, is fused to the retinoic acid receptor alpha gene in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Goddard AD; Borrow J; Solomon E Leukemia 6 Suppl 3: 117S-119S (1992) It has become apparent that a number of genes disrupted by chromosomal rearrangements during leukaemogenesis encode protein factors involved in transcriptional regulation (20-25) and PML may be anothe92292617 Cloning and expression of the Acanthamoeba castellanii gene encoding transcription factor TFIID. Wong JM; Liu F; Bateman E Gene 117: 91-7 (1992) We have cloned and characterized the cDNA encoding transcription factor TFIID from the eukaryote, Acanthamoeba castellanii. The gene occurs as a single species, encodes one mRNA and, presumably, a sin92354942 The suppressor of Hairy-wing binding region is required for gypsy mutagenesis. Smith PA; Corces VG Mol Gen Genet 233: 65-70 (1992) We undertook a deletional analysis of the gypsy retrotransposon in order to determine which sequences of the element are required for its mutagenic effect. We show that a phenotype indistinguishable f92293139 Retinoic acid receptors as regulators of human epidermal keratinocyte differentiation. Vollberg TM Sr; Nervi C; George MD; Fujimoto W; Krust A; Jetten AM Mol Endocrinol 6: 667-76 (1992) To examine the role of nuclear retinoic acid (RA) receptors (RARs) in the regulation of squamous differentiation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK), we analyzed binding activity, mRNA expr92293144 Extinction of prolactin gene expression in somatic cell hybrids is correlated with the repression of the pituitary-specific trans-activator GHF-1/Pit-1. Supowit SC; Ramsey T; Thompson EB Mol Endocrinol 6: 786-92 (1992) The tissue-specific expression of the PRL and GH genes is dependent on the presence of a pituitary-specific trans-activator, GHF-1/Pit-1. Previous studies indicate that somatic cell hybridization of r92293155 Induction of immediate early gene encoded proteins in the rat hippocampus after bicuculline-induced seizures: differential expression of KROX-24, FOS and JUN proteins. Gass P; Herdegen T; Bravo R; Kiessling M Neuroscience 48: 315-24 (1992) Immunocytochemistry with specific antisera was used to assess regional levels of six immediate early gene encoded proteins (KROX-24, c-FOS, FOS B, c-JUN, JUN B and JUN D) in the rat hippocampus after 92293492 Apomorphine induction of AP-1 DNA binding in the rat striatum after dopamine depletion. Pennypacker KR; Zhang WQ; Ye H; Hong JS Brain Res Mol Brain Res 15: 151-5 (1992) The expression of AP-1 transcription factors was assessed in the dopamine-depleted rat striatum over a 1 week period of repeated apomorphine injections. A single injection of apomorphine increased the93061808 Transcription factor encoding oncogenes. Lucibello FC; Muller R Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 119: 225-57 (1992) 92294681 The effects of acute ethanol on growth in rat liver: steady state c-myc transcripts. Lumpkin CK Jr; Taylor JM; Tarpley MD; Hayden JB; Badger TM; McClung JK Alcohol 9: 279-82 (1992) In order to elucidate the effects of acute ethanol on compensatory liver growth (regeneration), the steady state c-myc mRNA levels were studied following two-thirds partial hepatectomy. After surgery,92297206 Nicotinic cholinergic regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene expression and catecholamine synthesis in isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells. Craviso GL; Hemelt VB; Waymire JC J Neurochem 59: 2285-96 (1992) Isolated bovine adrenal chromaffin cells were used to study the nicotinic regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression. Continuous exposure of the cells to carbachol or the nicotinic recept93057533 The yemanuclein-alpha: a new Drosophila DNA binding protein specific for the oocyte nucleus. Ait-Ahmed O; Bellon B; Capri M; Joblet C; Thomas-Delaage M Mech Dev 37: 69-80 (1992) The Drosophila yG 4.5 gene (now called yemanuclein-alpha gene), which maps at 98F, is a member of the yema gene cluster isolated in a search for differentially expressed maternal genes. The yemanuclei92297435 High prevalence of human papillomavirus transcripts in all grades of cervical intraepithelial glandular neoplasia. Higgins GD; Phillips GE; Smith LA; Uzelin DM; Burrell CJ Cancer 70: 136-46 (1992) Cervical biopsy specimens containing cervical intraepithelial glandular neoplasia (CIGN) were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) RNA transcripts by in situ hybridization with iodi92298287 Heat shock gene regulation by nascent polypeptides and denatured proteins: hsp70 as a potential autoregulatory factor. Baler R; Welch WJ; Voellmy R J Cell Biol 117: 1151-9 (1992) Heat shock genes encode proteins (hsp's) that play important structural roles under normal circumstances and are essential to the cells' ability to survive environmental insults. Evidence is presented92299673 Inhibition of bacteriophage lambda development by the klaA gene of broad-host-range plasmid RK2. Saltman LH; Kim KS; Figurski DH J Mol Biol 227: 1054-67 (1992) The kil-kor regulon of broad-host-range plasmid RK2 is an unusual array of eight co-regulated operons that express at least 21 genes, including the plasmid replication initiator gene. Some of the oper93059360 Oncogenes: cause or consequence in the development of glial tumors. Akbasak A; Sunar-Akbasak B J Neurol Sci 111: 119-33 (1992) Recent developments in the field of oncogenes and growth stimulatory factors have provided limited but essential models in neuro-oncology. The observation in gliomas of platelet growth factor (PDGF)-l93057620 Three different polypeptides are necessary for DNA binding of the mammalian heteromeric CCAAT binding factor. Maity SN; Sinha S; Ruteshouser EC; de Crombrugghe B J Biol Chem 267: 16574-80 (1992) Full-length cDNA clones for the CBF-A and CBF-B subunits of the CCAAT binding mammalian heteromeric transcription factor (CBF) have previously been isolated from both rat and mouse. Whereas recombinan92355631 Brief visual experience induces immediate early gene expression in the cat visual cortex. Rosen KM; McCormack MA; Villa-Komaroff L; Mower GD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 5437-41 (1992) Brief visual experience causes rapid physiological changes in the visual cortex during early postnatal development. A possible mediator of these effects is the immediate early genes whose protein prod92302258 Influence of calorie restriction on oncogene expression and DNA synthesis during liver regeneration. Himeno Y; Engelman RW; Good RA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 5497-501 (1992) Controlling calorie intake (CCI) extends healthful life-span by a mechanism that may involve reduced rates of cell division without detriment to inducible cellular responses. To test whether inducible92302270 Induction of metallothionein by diethyl maleate. Bauman JW; McKim JM Jr; Liu J; Klaassen CD Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 114: 188-96 (1992) Metallothionein (MT) is a sulfhydryl-rich protein whose levels are increased by administration of a variety of agents including metals, cytokines, and oxidative stress agents. Recent studies have sugg92302989 Cloning of the guinea pig 5-lipoxygenase gene and nucleotide sequence of its promoter. Chopra A; Ferreira-Alves DL; Sirois P; Thirion JP Biochem Biophys Res Commun 185: 489-95 (1992) The guinea pig 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) gene and its promoter were cloned from a guinea pig genomic DNA library. Sequencing analysis of the guinea pig promoter revealed that expression of the 5-LO gene i92304266 Protein binding and DNase-I-hypersensitive sites in the cis-acting regulatory region of the spore-coat SP96 gene of Dictyostelium. Tasaka M; Hasegawa M; Nakata M; Orii H; Ozaki T; Takeuchi I Mech Dev 36: 105-15 (1992) The spore-coat protein gene (SP96) of Dictyostelium discoideum is transcribed only in prespore cells. To identify the cis-acting region of this gene, mutant mini-genes which contained different length92239372 Expression of the interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor genes in Friend spleen focus-forming virus-induced erythroleukemia. Shimada Y; Migliaccio G; Ruscetti S; Adamson JW; Migliaccio AR Blood 79: 2423-31 (1992) Friend spleen focus-forming virus (F-SFFV) is a replication-defective retrovirus that induces a multistage erythroleukemia in mice. In the first stage, expression of the SFFV envelope glycoprotein res92239900 Transcriptional activation of the NCAM gene during myogenic differentiation. Roubin R; Goridis C Exp Cell Res 200: 500-5 (1992) Earlier work has shown that in vitro myogenesis of muscle cells is accompanied by important changes in the expression of NCAM mRNAs and proteins, consisting mainly in an upregulation of the smaller tr92241409 Regulation of beta-actin gene transcription by insulin and phorbol esters. Messina JL; Weinstock RS Exp Cell Res 200: 532-5 (1992) Insulin and the phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, induce beta-actin gene transcription in H4 cells. This occurred rapidly, with a maximum 15-fold stimulation following 15 min of insulin 92241414 Cloning and expression of the human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen: regulation by interferon alpha. Briggs JA; Burrus GR; Stickney BD; Briggs RC J Cell Biochem 49: 82-92 (1992) The human myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA) is a protein of 406 amino acids that is expressed specifically in granulocytes, monocytes and earlier stage cells of these lineages. Degen92355667 Na+/H+ antiporter gene expression increases during retinoic acid-induced granulocytic differentiation of HL60 cells. Rao GN; Sardet C; Pouyssegur J; Berk BC J Cell Physiol 151: 361-6 (1992) During differentiation of human leukemic HL60 cells into granulocytes, sustained increases in intracellular pH and Na+/H+ antiporter activity have been observed. In the present study we report that re92242329 The Egr transcription factor family: from signal transduction to kidney differentiation. Sukhatme VP Kidney Int 41: 550-3 (1992) 92243741 Activating regions of yeast transcription factors must have both acidic and hydrophobic amino acids. Ruden DM Chromosoma 101: 342-8 (1992) Two similarities among transcriptional activating regions of many eukaryotic transcription factors, like those from GAL4, GCN4, and VP16, are that they have a net negative charge, and that many of the92249055 Dimeric transcription factor families: it takes two to tango but who decides on partners and the venue? Lee KA J Cell Sci 103 ( Pt 1): 9-14 (1992) Dimeric transcription factors that bind to DNA are often grouped into families on the basis of dimerization and DNA-binding specificities. cDNA cloning studies have established that members of the sam93055028 Induction and repression of mammalian achaete-scute homologue (MASH) gene expression during neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. Johnson JE; Zimmerman K; Saito T; Anderson DJ Development 114: 75-87 (1992) MASH1 and MASH2, mammalian homologues of the Drosophila neural determination genes achaete-scute, are members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. We show here that mu92249216 A common ancestor of the mammalian transcription factors TCF-1 and TCF-1 alpha/LEF-1 expressed in chicken T cells. Gastrop J; Hoevenagel R; Young JR; Clevers HC Eur J Immunol 22: 1327-30 (1992) Several mammalian T cell-specific transcription factors have been cloned recently. Two of these, TCF-1 and TCF-1 alpha/LEF-1, display a moderate level of overall sequence similarity, and contain virtu92249428 Two different cDNAs encoding TFIID proteins of maize. Haass MM; Feix G FEBS Lett 301: 294-8 (1992) Two different complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding maize TFIID proteins were isolated from a maize leaf cDNA. Both cDNA sequences reveal two types of TFIID, each encoding an open reading frame of 200 a92249585 Characterization of a Xenopus oocyte factor that binds to a developmentally regulated cis-element in the TFIIIA gene. Pfaff SL; Taylor WL Dev Biol 151: 306-16 (1992) TFIIIA mRNA expression is developmentally regulated during Xenopus oogenesis. We have identified a positive-acting cis-element in the TFIIIA gene located between -671 and -629 with respect to the mRNA92249652 Contribution of the fnr and arcA gene products in coordinate regulation of cytochrome o and d oxidase (cyoABCDE and cydAB) genes in Escherichia coli. Cotter PA; Gunsalus RP FEMS Microbiol Lett 70: 31-6 (1992) The individual and the combined effect of the fnr and arcA regulatory gene products on cytochrome o oxidase and cytochrome d oxidase gene expression in Escherichia coli were evaluated using lacZ repor92249745 apterous, a gene required for imaginal disc development in Drosophila encodes a member of the LIM family of developmental regulatory proteins. Cohen B; McGuffin ME; Pfeifle C; Segal D; Cohen SM Genes Dev 6: 715-29 (1992) The apterous (ap) gene is required for the normal development of the wing and haltere imaginal discs in Drosophila melanogaster. ap encodes a new member of the LIM family of developmental regulatory g92249766 Tandem repeat polymers of a critical region of the human interferon-beta promoter exhibit a marked constitutive activity and enhanced responsiveness to transcriptional regulators in transfected HeLa cDron M; Rebouillat D; Tovey MG J Interferon Res 12: 377-87 (1992) Multiple copy tandem repeats polymers of an authentic 30-bp region of the human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) promoter between positions-91 to -62 relative to the cap site or the hexanucleotide GAAAGT de93056784 Purification and properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II general initiation factor a. Sayre MH; Tschochner H; Kornberg RD J Biol Chem 267: 23383-7 (1992) RNA polymerase II initiation factor a was purified to apparent homogeneity from yeast whole cell extract and consisted of two highly charged polypeptides with apparent masses of 66 and 43 kDa. Separat93054676 krox 20 messenger RNA and protein expression in the adult central nervous system. Mack KJ; Cortner J; Mack P; Farnham PJ Brain Res Mol Brain Res 14: 117-23 (1992) krox 20 is an inducible immediate early response gene. To determine if krox 20 has a physiological role in the adult central nervous system (CNS), this study sought to demonstrate the presence of krox92356784 Functional analysis of the transcriptional activator encoded by the maize B gene: evidence for a direct functional interaction between two classes of regulatory proteins. Goff SA; Cone KC; Chandler VL Genes Dev 6: 864-75 (1992) The B, R, C1, and Pl genes regulating the maize anthocyanin pigment biosynthetic pathway encode tissue-specific transcriptional activators. B and R are functionally duplicate genes that encode protein92249777 Circadian variation in photic regulation of immediate-early gene mRNAs in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus cells. Rusak B; McNaughton L; Robertson HA; Hunt SP Brain Res Mol Brain Res 14: 124-30 (1992) Exposure of rodents to light at daily times at which it can phase-shift circadian rhythms (subjective night) induces an increase in immunoreactivity for the immediate-early gene product Fos in cells o92356785 Early Caulobacter crescentus genes fliL and fliM are required for flagellar gene expression and normal cell division. Yu J; Shapiro L J Bacteriol 174: 3327-38 (1992) The biogenesis of the Caulobacter crescentus polar flagellum requires the expression of more than 48 genes, which are organized in a regulatory hierarchy. The flbO locus is near the top of the hierarc92250429 Reconstitution of transcription with five purified initiation factors and RNA polymerase II from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sayre MH; Tschochner H; Kornberg RD J Biol Chem 267: 23376-82 (1992) Yeast RNA polymerase II initiation factors a, b, e, and g were isolated from whole cell extract and found to be sufficient, when combined with bacterially expressed yeast transcription factor (TF) IID93054675 Transcription factors: structural families and principles of DNA recognition. Pabo CO; Sauer RT Annu Rev Biochem 61: 1053-95 (1992) 92359482 Recombinant TBP, transcription factor IIB, and RAP30 are sufficient for promoter recognition by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Killeen M; Coulombe B; Greenblatt J J Biol Chem 267: 9463-6 (1992) Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II is a complex, multistep process which requires several accessory factors in addition to the polymerase itself. A critical event in transcription initia92250587 Neurite outgrowth in peripherin-depleted PC12 cells. Troy CM; Greene LA; Shelanski ML J Cell Biol 117: 1085-92 (1992) Peripherin is the major neuronal intermediate filament (IF) protein in PC12 cells and both its synthesis and amount increase during nerve growth factor (NGF) promoted neuronal differentiation. To addr92250732 Interferon-gamma potentiates the antiviral activity and the expression of interferon-stimulated genes induced by interferon-alpha in U937 cells. Improta T; Pine R; Pfeffer LM J Interferon Res 12: 87-94 (1992) Binding of type I interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) to specific receptors results in the rapid transcriptional activation, independent of protein synthesis, of IFN-alpha-stimulated genes (ISGs) in human fib92251244 Long-term regulation of neuronal calcium currents by prolonged changes of membrane potential. Franklin JL; Fickbohm DJ; Willard AL J Neurosci 12: 1726-35 (1992) Although rapid-onset, short-term regulation of neuronal Ca currents by neurotransmitters and second messengers is well documented, little is known about conditions that can cause longer-lasting change92251452 Song presentation induces gene expression in the songbird forebrain. Mello CV; Vicario DS; Clayton DF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 6818-22 (1992) We investigated the participation of genomic regulatory events in the response of the songbird brain to a natural auditory stimulus of known physiological and behavioral relevance, birdsong. Using in 92357723 Differential activation of NGF receptor and early response genes in neural crest-derived cells. Matheny C; DiStefano PS; Milbrandt J Brain Res Mol Brain Res 13: 75-81 (1992) Nerve growth factor (NGF) binds to a specific cell surface receptor (NGFR) that exists in high affinity (now called trk) and low affinity (now called p75NGFR) forms. NGF-responsive neurons express bot92252648 Identification of novel factors that bind to the PRD I region of the human beta-interferon promoter. Whiteside ST; Visvanathan KV; Goodbourn S Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1531-8 (1992) Treatment of cells with virus or synthetic double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) leads to the transient transcriptional activation of the beta-interferon gene. Genetic analysis has revealed that the 5' regulato92253347 Mammalian p53 can function as a transcription factor in yeast. Scharer E; Iggo R Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1539-45 (1992) p53 has previously been shown to contain a transactivation domain using GAL4 fusion proteins and to bind specifically to a 33 base pair DNA sequence in immunoprecipitation assays. We show here that ma92253348 Analysis of the rat ribosomal DNA promoter: characterization of linker-scanning mutants and of the binding of UBF. Xie W; O'Mahony DJ; Smith SD; Lowe D; Rothblum LI Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1587-92 (1992) To investigate the mechanism of transcription of the rat ribosomal DNA (rDNA) promoter, a series of 23 linker-scanning mutants were constructed and assayed in transfected CHO cells and with cell-free 92253355 dOct2, a Drosophila Oct transcription factor that functions in yeast. Prakash K; Fang XD; Engelberg D; Behal A; Parker CS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 7080-4 (1992) Oct factors are members of the POU family of transcription factors that are shown to play important roles during development in mammals. Here we report the cDNA cloning and expression of a Drosophila 92357775 CTF4, a chicken transcription factor of the helix-loop-helix class A family. Tsay HJ; Choe YH; Neville CM; Schmidt J Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1805 (1992) 92253390 Sequence of the human GATA-1 promoter. Zon LI; Orkin SH Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1812 (1992) 92253397 The mouse M-lysozyme gene domain: identification of myeloid and differentiation specific DNasel hypersensitive sites and of a 3'-cis acting regulatory element. Mollers B; Klages S; Wedel A; Cross M; Spooncer E; Dexter TM; Renkawitz R Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1917-24 (1992) The mouse M-lysozyme gene is exclusively expressed in myeloid cells of the blood system being progressively turned on upon cell differentiation. In this study the mechanism controlling this tissue- an92253413 The regulation of the human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter region in macrophage, T cell, and B cell lines. Rhoades KL; Golub SH; Economou JS J Biol Chem 267: 22102-7 (1992) The 1311-base pair human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha promoter region was fused to the luciferase (Luc) reporter gene and studied in a transient transfection system in three TNF producing cell li93054486 Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a rat cDNA homologous to human RAP30. Kobayashi Y; Kitajima S; Yasukochi Y Nucleic Acids Res 20: 1994 (1992) 92253426 Parallel pathways of cell cycle-regulated gene expression. Lowndes NF; Johnston LH Trends Genet 8: 79-81 (1992) 92254240 Initiation and beyond: molecular determinants of gene regulation. Mechanisms of Transcription Control, A Jacques Monod Conference, sponsored by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, RoscofUmek RM New Biol 4: 203-6 (1992) The study of the mechanisms of transcriptional control continues to be an exciting area of research. The characterization of the constituents of the initiation complex and their interactions are leadi92256314 The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein trans-activates the human cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene promoter. Agellon LB; Zhang P; Jiang XC; Mendelsohn L; Tall AR J Biol Chem 267: 22336-9 (1992) The plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), primarily synthesized in the liver of several species, is expressed at very low levels in a number of transformed human liver cell lines. The huma93054520 Cooperativity in transactivation between retinoic acid receptor and TFIID requires an activity analogous to E1A. Berkenstam A; Ruiz MM; Barettino D; Horikoshi M; Stunnenberg HG Cell 69: 401-12 (1992) In embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells retinoic acid (RA) strongly induces transcription from the RA receptor beta 2 (RAR beta 2) promoter through an RA response element (RARE) located in close proximity t92257583 A fungal mating type protein that regulates sexual and asexual development contains a POU-related domain. Tymon AM; Kues U; Richardson WV; Casselton LA EMBO J 11: 1805-13 (1992) The A mating type factor of the fungus Coprinus cinereus regulates essential steps in sexual development. Here we describe features of one of the four specificity genes of the A42 factor. By transform92258390 The organization and expression of essential transcription translation component genes in the extremely thermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga maritima. Liao D; Dennis PP J Biol Chem 267: 22787-97 (1992) A 5789-nucleotide-long EcoRI fragment from the genome of Thermotoga maritima, identified by cross-hybridization to L11, L1, L10, and L12 ribosomal protein gene sequences from Escherichia coli, was clo93054590 Transcriptional cross-talk: nuclear factors CREM and CREB bind to AP-1 sites and inhibit activation by Jun. Masquilier D; Sassone-Corsi P J Biol Chem 267: 22460-6 (1992) The proteins Fos and Jun dimerize to constitute the transcription factor AP-1 which is known to respond to treatment with phorbol esters. AP-1 binds to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-responsive 93054539 Recognition of the surface of a homeo domain protein. Pomerantz JL; Kristie TM; Sharp PA Genes Dev 6: 2047-57 (1992) Homeo domain proteins exhibit distinct biological functions with specificities that cannot be predicted by their sequence specificities for binding DNA. Recognition of the surface of the Oct-1 POU hom93051325 Organ- and age-specific replication of polyomavirus in mice. Wirth JJ; Amalfitano A; Gross R; Oldstone MB; Fluck MM J Virol 66: 3278-86 (1992) A novel organ- and age-specific pattern of polyomavirus DNA replication in mice is described. Two broadly defined classes of response to polyomavirus infection were observed: class I organs (mammary g92260594 Mechanism of coronavirus transcription: duration of primary transcription initiation activity and effects of subgenomic RNA transcription on RNA replication. Jeong YS; Makino S J Virol 66: 3339-46 (1992) Previously, we established a system whereby an intergenic region from mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) inserted into an MHV defective interfering (DI) RNA led to transcription of a subgenomic DI RNA in hel92260601 The 11,600-MW protein encoded by region E3 of adenovirus is expressed early but is greatly amplified at late stages of infection. Tollefson AE; Scaria A; Saha SK; Wold WS J Virol 66: 3633-42 (1992) We have reported that an 11,600-MW (11.6K) protein is coded by region E3 of adenovirus. We have now prepared two new antipeptide antisera that have allowed us to characterize this protein further. The92260635 The GC box and TATA transcription control elements in the P38 promoter of the minute virus of mice are necessary and sufficient for transactivation by the nonstructural protein NS1. Ahn JK; Pitluk ZW; Ward DC J Virol 66: 3776-83 (1992) To further define the transcriptional regulation of the P38 promoter in the minute virus of mice (MVM) genome, we constructed a series of internal deletion and linker scanning mutations. The mutant P392260652 The Bel-1 protein of human foamy virus activates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gene expression via a novel DNA target site. Keller A; Garrett ED; Cullen BR J Virol 66: 3946-9 (1992) The Bel-1 protein of human foamy virus can activate transcription directed by the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). The target sequence for Bel-1 is s92260676 Activation of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer is not dependent on NFAT-1. Markovitz DM; Hannibal MC; Smith MJ; Cossman R; Nabel GJ J Virol 66: 3961-5 (1992) The function of a putative NFAT-1 site in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer has been analyzed. Activation by the T-cell antigen receptor is minimal in Jurkat cells and is mediated by th92260679 Escherichia coli HlyT protein, a transcriptional activator of haemolysin synthesis and secretion, is encoded by the rfaH (sfrB) locus required for expression of sex factor and lipopolysaccharide genesBailey MJ; Koronakis V; Schmoll T; Hughes C Mol Microbiol 6: 1003-12 (1992) Synthesis and secretion of the 110kDa haemolysin toxin of Escherichia coli and other pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria are governed by the four genes of the hly operon. We have identified, by transpos92261317 Estrogen response module of the mouse lactoferrin gene contains overlapping chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor and estrogen receptor-binding elements. Liu Y; Teng CT Mol Endocrinol 6: 355-64 (1992) Transcription of the lactoferrin gene is stimulated by estrogen in mouse uterus. To study direct estrogen regulation of this gene at the molecular level, we cloned and analyzed the 5'-flanking region 92261589 Modulation of transcription factor activity by a distant steroid modulatory element. Oshima H; Simons SS Jr Mol Endocrinol 6: 416-28 (1992) Variations in the biological activity of antisteroids, as determined by their percent agonist activity, is a well known but poorly understood phenomenon. For example, in tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT92261596 Phylogenetic specificity of prolactin gene expression with conservation of Pit-1 function. Elsholtz HP; Majumdar-Sonnylal S; Xiong F; Gong Z; Hew CL Mol Endocrinol 6: 515-22 (1992) In mammals, the pituitary POU homeodomain protein, Pit-1, binds to proximal and distal 5'-flanking sequences of the PRL gene that dictate tissue-specific expression. These DNA sequences are highly con92261606 Localization of the human KRAB finger gene ZNF117 (HPF9) to chromosome 7q11.2. Bellefroid EJ; Ried T; Riviere M; Marine JC; Levan G; Szpirer J; Szpirer C; Ward DC; Martial JA Genomics 14: 780-1 (1992) A cluster of Kruppel type zinc finger genes of the KRAB subclass has recently been localized on human chromosome 19p12-p13.1. We now report that ZNF117 (HPF9), a closely related zinc finger gene of th93052416 Synergistic activation of the rat growth hormone promoter by Pit-1 and the thyroid hormone receptor. Schaufele F; West BL; Baxter JD Mol Endocrinol 6: 656-65 (1992) The rat GH (rGH) gene is expressed in the pituitary in a highly tissue-specific manner. A pituitary-specific transcription factor, Pit-1 (or GHF-1), and other, more tissue-general factors, including t92261622 Egr-1 mRNA expression is independent of regulatory proliferative responses in the immature B cell line WEHI-231. Iwabuchi N; Williams DB; Nguyen HP; Hozumi N Mol Immunol 29: 619-24 (1992) We have recently reported cellular growth arrest induced following crosslinking of surface IgM (sIgM) but not surface IgD (sIgD) in the WEHI-231 cell line, representative of the immature B cell stage,92261629 Differential expression of c-fos and zif268 in rat striatum after haloperidol, clozapine, and amphetamine. Nguyen TV; Kosofsky BE; Birnbaum R; Cohen BM; Hyman SE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 4270-4 (1992) Antipsychotic drugs are monoamine receptor antagonists. However, the mechanisms by which these direct actions are translated into therapeutic effects are unknown. Candidate mechanisms include receptor92262421 Direct association of pp40/I kappa B beta with rel/NF-kappa B transcription factors: role of ankyrin repeats in the inhibition of DNA binding activity. Inoue J; Kerr LD; Rashid D; Davis N; Bose HR Jr; Verma IM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 4333-7 (1992) To understand the mechanism by which pp40/I kappa B beta inhibits DNA binding activity of the rel/NF-kappa B family of transcription factors, we have investigated the role of ankyrin repeats on the bi92262434 Cloning of the rat gene encoding choline acetyltransferase, a cholinergic neuron-specific marker. Hahn M; Hahn SL; Stone DM; Joh TH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 4387-91 (1992) The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is synthesized by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; EC 2.3.1.6). Since the expression of ChAT in the nervous system is restricted to cholinergic neurons, it serves as92262445 Adenovirus E1A, simian virus 40 tumor antigen, and human papillomavirus E7 protein share the capacity to disrupt the interaction between transcription factor E2F and the retinoblastoma gene product. Chellappan S; Kraus VB; Kroger B; Munger K; Howley PM; Phelps WC; Nevins JR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 4549-53 (1992) The adenovirus E1A gene product, the simian virus 40 large tumor antigen, and the human papillomavirus E7 protein share a short amino acid sequence that constitutes a domain required for the transform92262477 Fatty acids activate a chimera of the clofibric acid-activated receptor and the glucocorticoid receptor. Gottlicher M; Widmark E; Li Q; Gustafsson JA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 4653-7 (1992) Peroxisome proliferators such as clofibric acid, nafenopin, and WY-14,643 have been shown to activate PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor), a member of the steroid nuclear receptor superf92262498 Neural-specific expression, genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding the zinc-finger transcription factor NGFI-C. Crosby SD; Veile RA; Donis-Keller H; Baraban JM; Bhat RV; Simburger KS; Milbrandt J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 4739-43 (1992) The nerve growth factor-induced clone C (NGFI-C) gene encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that is rapidly induced by nerve growth factor in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and by seizure in bra92262515 From ligand binding to gene expression: new insights into the regulation of G-protein-coupled receptors. Collins S; Caron MG; Lefkowitz RJ Trends Biochem Sci 17: 37-9 (1992) Transmembrane signaling systems relay information from the exterior to the interior of a cell, through a series of complex protein-protein interactions and second messenger cascades. One such system c92263466 NF-kappa B and related proteins: Rel/dorsal homologies meet ankyrin-like repeats. Blank V; Kourilsky P; Israel A Trends Biochem Sci 17: 135-40 (1992) Molecular cloning of the subunits of the transcription factor NF-kappa B and its inhibitor l kappa B revealed regions of sequence homology with two different classes of proteins: the Rel/dorsal family92263472 Hepatitis type C virus infection in patients with type B chronic liver disease. Doi T; Yamada G; Endo H; Nishimoto H; Takahashi M; Miyamoto R; Fujiki S; Shimomura H; Mizuno M; Tsuji T Gastroenterol Jpn 27: 617-23 (1992) Anti-c100-3 (Ortho) was determined in the sera of 152 patients with HBs antigen-positive chronic liver diseases to assess coinfection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). Eleven pat93051041 Absence of selection of HIV-1 variants in vivo based on transcription/transactivation during progression to AIDS. Delassus S; Meyerhans A; Cheynier R; Wain-Hobson S Virology 188: 811-8 (1992) The activity of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transactivation protagonists tat and TAR has been analyzed from sequential primary material. The sequences were amplified from unculture92263785 Cytokine messenger RNA profiles in inflammatory bowel disease mucosa detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification. Isaacs KL; Sartor RB; Haskill S Gastroenterology 103: 1587-95 (1992) Immunoregulatory properties of cytokines may mediate disordered inflammatory events in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). In the present study, profiles of cytokines produced by activat93051077 Telencephalon-restricted expression of BF-1, a new member of the HNF-3/fork head gene family, in the developing rat brain. Tao W; Lai E Neuron 8: 957-66 (1992) We have previously characterized a novel transcription factor family in mammals, the HNF-3 family, by the members' homology to one another and to the Drosophila homeotic gene fork head. The expression92265309 Transcriptional and posttranscriptional modulation of human neutrophil elastase gene expression. Yoshimura K; Crystal RG Blood 79: 2733-40 (1992) Human neutrophil elastase (NE), a 29-Kd potent serine protease stored in azurophilic granules of mature neutrophils, is coded for by the NE gene, a single copy gene with 5 exons spanning a 6-kb segmen92265930 Interleukin 1 augments the expression of the interleukin 2 receptor alpha-chain in interleukin 6-stimulated myeloid cells by a transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanism. Ruhl S; Schwabe M; Pluznik DH Exp Hematol 20: 1208-15 (1992) We have recently shown that interleukin 6 (IL-6) induces transient expression of the alpha-chain of the interleukin 2 receptor (IL-2R alpha) in the murine leukemia myeloid M1 cell line. Others have re93049993 The midbrain-hindbrain phenotype of Wnt-1-/Wnt-1- mice results from stepwise deletion of engrailed-expressing cells by 9.5 days postcoitum. McMahon AP; Joyner AL; Bradley A; McMahon JA Cell 69: 581-95 (1992) Mice homozygous for null alleles of the putative signaling molecule Wnt-1 have a reproducible phenotype: loss of the midbrain and adjacent cerebellar component of the metencephalon. By examining embry92266390 Early protein kinase and biosynthetic responses to insulin. Blackshear PJ Biochem Soc Trans 20: 682-5 (1992) 93050759 Regulation of transferrin gene expression. Zakin MM FASEB J 6: 3253-8 (1992) Transferrin (Tf) is the iron-transport protein of vertebrate serum. It is essentially synthesized in the liver, but lower amounts are also produced in other organs, such as testis and brain. A number 93050933 Growth factor-activated kinases phosphorylate IRE-ABP. Alexander-Bridges M; Mukhopadhyay NK; Jhala U; Denaro M; Kong XF; Avruch J; Maller J Biochem Soc Trans 20: 691-3 (1992) 93050761 Dichotomy of glutathione regulation of the activation of resting and preactivated lymphocytes. Ting CC; Hargrove ME; Liang SM; Liang CM; Sharrow SO Cell Immunol 142: 40-53 (1992) The present study has examined the effect of GSH on two lines of IL-2-dependent activated killer cells, LAK cells and alpha CD3-activated killer (CD3-AK) cells. We found that GSH added during first 2492266425 Multiphasic denaturation of the lambda repressor by urea and its implications for the repressor structure. Banik U; Saha R; Mandal NC; Bhattacharyya B; Roy S Eur J Biochem 206: 15-21 (1992) Urea denaturation of the lambda repressor has been studied by fluorescence and circular dichroic spectroscopies. Three phases of denaturation could be detected which we have assigned to part of the C-92267006 Cloning and sequencing of Pseudomonas genes determining sodium dodecyl sulfate biodegradation. Davison J; Brunel F; Phanopoulos A; Prozzi D; Terpstra P Gene 114: 19-24 (1992) The nucleotide sequences of two genes involved in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) degradation, by Pseudomonas, have been determined. One of these, sdsA, codes for an alkyl sulfatase (58,957 Da) and has s92267380 NhaR, a protein homologous to a family of bacterial regulatory proteins (LysR), regulates nhaA, the sodium proton antiporter gene in Escherichia coli. Rahav-Manor O; Carmel O; Karpel R; Taglicht D; Glaser G; Schuldiner S; Padan E J Biol Chem 267: 10433-8 (1992) On the basis of protein homology, nhaR has previously been shown to belong to a large family of regulatory proteins, the LysR family (Henikoff, S., Haughn, G.W., Calvo, J.M., and Wallace, J.C. (1988) 92268083 Transcription factors and the control of DNA replication. Heintz NH Curr Opin Cell Biol 4: 459-67 (1992) Initiation of DNA replication is mediated by the assembly of nucleoprotein complexes at cis-acting DNA sequences known as origins of replication. Recent studies in several systems show that accessory 92360342 Functional analysis of the mouse alpha-fetoprotein enhancers and their subfragments in primary mouse hepatocyte cultures. Zhang DE; Rabek JP; Hsieh CC; Torres-Ramos C; Papaconstantinou J J Biol Chem 267: 10676-82 (1992) We have compared the activities of mouse alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) enhancers I, II, and III with their minimal enhancer fragments (Mers) I, II, and III and with the entire 7-kilobase pair enhancer domai92268117 Functional antagonism between members of the myb family: B-myb inhibits v-myb-induced gene activation. Foos G; Grimm S; Klempnauer KH EMBO J 11: 4619-29 (1992) The oncogene v-myb and its cellular progenitor c-myb encode nuclear, DNA binding phosphoproteins that control the expression of certain target genes in immature hematopoietic cells. Here, we report th93049214 Regulation of tumor necrosis factor production by adrenaline and beta-adrenergic agonists. Severn A; Rapson NT; Hunter CA; Liew FY J Immunol 148: 3441-5 (1992) The effects of adrenaline and isoproterenol, a specific beta-adrenergic agonist, on TNF production were investigated. Both agents inhibited the production of TNF by human blood and THP-1 cells stimula92268482 Spatial flexibility in ternary complexes between SRF and its accessory proteins. Treisman R; Marais R; Wynne J EMBO J 11: 4631-40 (1992) We investigated the sequence requirements for ternary complex formation by the transcription factor SRF and its Ets domain accessory factors Elk-1 and SAP-1. Ternary complex formation is specified by 93049215 Transcription factors: positive and negative regulators of cell growth and disease. Morimoto RI Curr Opin Cell Biol 4: 480-7 (1992) Recent advances in our understanding of transcription factors that regulate RNA polymerase II transcribed genes are described. This review considers the role of alternate protein-protein interactions 92360345 The Streptomyces coelicolor whiB gene encodes a small transcription factor-like protein dispensable for growth but essential for sporulation. Davis NK; Chater KF Mol Gen Genet 232: 351-8 (1992) A non-sporulating mutant (whiB218) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), which proved to contain a deletion of more than 5 kb of DNA including whiB, was complemented by a small cloned DNA fragment, deduce92269753 Regulation of expression of the interleukin 6 gene: structure and function of the transcription factor NF-IL6. Akira S; Isshiki H; Nakajima T; Kinoshita S; Nishio Y; Natsuka S; Kishimoto T Ciba Found Symp 167: 47-62; discussion 62-7 (1992) The interleukin 6 (IL-6) promoter is rapidly and transiently activated by other cytokines, including IL-1 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF), as well as by phorbol esters and cyclic AMP agonists. Studie93048402 Point mutations in the Drosophila hairy gene demonstrate in vivo requirements for basic, helix-loop-helix, and WRPW domains. Wainwright SM; Ish-Horowicz D Mol Cell Biol 12: 2475-83 (1992) The Drosophila pair-rule gene, hairy (h), encodes a nuclear basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein that regulates embryonic segmentation and adult bristle patterning. In both cases, the h protein behav92269819 Nerve growth factor-induced derepression of peripherin gene expression is associated with alterations in proteins binding to a negative regulatory element. Thompson MA; Lee E; Lawe D; Gizang-Ginsberg E; Ziff EB Mol Cell Biol 12: 2501-13 (1992) The peripherin gene, which encodes a neuronal-specific intermediate filament protein, is transcriptionally induced with a late time course when nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulates PC12 cells to diffe92269822 Specific transcription factors stimulate simian virus 40 and polyomavirus origins of DNA replication. Guo ZS; DePamphilis ML Mol Cell Biol 12: 2514-24 (1992) The origins of DNA replication (ori) in simian virus 40 (SV40) and polyomavirus (Py) contain an auxiliary component (aux-2) composed of multiple transcription factor binding sites. To determine whethe92269823 A regulatory element that mediates co-operation between a PEA3-AP-1 element and an AP-1 site is required for phorbol ester induction of urokinase enhancer activity in HepG2 hepatoma cells. Nerlov C; De Cesare D; Pergola F; Caracciolo A; Blasi F; Johnsen M; Verde P EMBO J 11: 4573-82 (1992) We have characterized a transcriptional enhancer of the human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) gene and found a regulatory element required for co-operation between a PEA3--AP-1 element and 93049209 The effects of prostaglandin E2, parathyroid hormone, and epidermal growth factor on mitogenesis, signaling, and primary response genes in UMR 106-01 osteoblast-like cells. Fang MA; Kujubu DA; Hahn TJ Endocrinology 131: 2113-9 (1992) Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), PTH, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are potent regulators of osteoblast proliferation. In UMR 106-01 rat osteosarcoma cells with osteoblast-like features, PGE2 and PTH inhi93048945 Overproduction of the GAL1 or GAL3 protein causes galactose-independent activation of the GAL4 protein: evidence for a new model of induction for the yeast GAL/MEL regulon. Bhat PJ; Hopper JE Mol Cell Biol 12: 2701-7 (1992) The transcriptional activation function of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 protein is modulated by the GAL80 and GAL3 proteins. In the absence of galactose, GAL80 inhibits the function of GAL4, pres92269843 Transcription factors in mouse fetal thymus development. Ivanov V; Ceredig R Int Immunol 4: 729-37 (1992) T cell precursors from murine fetal liver enter the fetal thymus where they proliferate, differentiate, and mature. These processes are accompanied by changes in the pattern of transcription factors k92360550 GATA-1 but not SCL induces megakaryocytic differentiation in an early myeloid line. Visvader JE; Elefanty AG; Strasser A; Adams JM EMBO J 11: 4557-64 (1992) GATA-1, a transcription factor of the 'zinc-finger' family, is required for the development of mature erythroid cells and is also highly expressed in the megakaryocytic and mast cell lineages. The hel93049207 [Interaction of Oct-binding transcription factors with a large series of "noncanonical" oct-sequences. Primary sequence of murine Oct-2B cDNA] Stepchenko AG Dokl Akad Nauk SSSR 325: 175-8 (1992) 93048622 Nerve growth factor rapidly regulates VGF gene transcription through cycloheximide sensitive and insensitive pathways. Baybis M; Salton SR FEBS Lett 308: 202-6 (1992) Nerve growth factor (NGF) initiates and maintains a regulatory cascade, involving gene induction, which results in the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. The VGF gene encodes one of the most rapi92362881 DNA-binding properties of the E1A-associated 300-kilodalton protein. Rikitake Y; Moran E Mol Cell Biol 12: 2826-36 (1992) One of the major E1A-associated cellular proteins is a 300-kDa product (p300) that binds to the N-terminal region of the E1A products. The p300 binding site is distinct from sequences involved in bind92269856 The nucleotide sequence of the human transcription factor HTF4a cDNA. Zhang Y; Bina M DNA Seq 2: 397-403 (1992) A partial cDNA has previously been isolated that encodes HTF4, a new member of the basic helix-loop-helix family of DNA binding proteins. We have reconstructed a full cDNA, designated HTF4a cDNA, whic93076001 Anatomy of an unusual RNA polymerase II promoter containing a downstream TATA element. Kasai Y; Chen H; Flint SJ Mol Cell Biol 12: 2884-97 (1992) The adenovirus type 2 IVa2 promoter lacks a conventional TATA element yet directs transcription from two closely spaced initiation sites. To define elements required for in vitro transcription of this92269862 Expression of a zebrafish caudal homeobox gene correlates with the establishment of posterior cell lineages at gastrulation. Joly JS; Maury M; Joly C; Duprey P; Boulekbache H; Condamine H Differentiation 50: 75-87 (1992) This paper deals with the first identification of a caudal cDNA containing a homeobox of the Drosophila caudal family in the zebrafish. A cDNA library from late gastrula stage embryos was constructed 92363089 Acquisition of myogenic specificity by replacement of three amino acid residues from MyoD into E12. Davis RL; Weintraub H Science 256: 1027-30 (1992) The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) protein MyoD is a transcription factor that is important for the induction of the myogenic phenotype. The DNA binding basic region (13 amino acids) is necessary for r92271215 Factors controlling the expression of mouse mammary tumour virus. Gunzburg WH; Salmons B Biochem J 283 ( Pt 3): 625-32 (1992) 92272653 Multisubunit erythroid complexes binding to the enhancer element of the chicken histone H5 gene. Penner CG; Davie JR Biochem J 283 ( Pt 3): 905-11 (1992) We identified the factor(s) that bind to the chicken erythroid-cell-specific histone H5 enhancer region which is located on the 3' end of the gene. In DNAase I footprinting and u.v. cross-linking expe92272697 Yeast alpha-mating factor receptor and G-protein-linked adenylyl cyclase inhibition requires RAS2 and GPA2 activities. Papasavvas S; Arkinstall S; Reid J; Payton M Biochem Biophys Res Commun 184: 1378-85 (1992) Saccharomyces cerevisiae expresses two RAS gene products (RAS1 and RAS2) highly homologous to mammalian p21ras which mediate glucose-stimulated cyclic-AMP formation. Mating pheromone inhibits RAS-link92272734 Characterization of the bacterially expressed Drosophila engrailed homeodomain. Yamamoto K; Yee CC; Shirakawa M; Kyogoku Y J Biochem (Tokyo) 111: 793-7 (1992) To investigate the mechanism of DNA recognition by the homeodomain, truncated proteins containing the entire homeodomain encoded by the Drosophila engrailed gene were expressed in Escherichia coli. Ea92363917 Retinoic acid induces myogenin synthesis and myogenic differentiation in the rat rhabdomyosarcoma cell line BA-Han-1C. Arnold HH; Gerharz CD; Gabbert HE; Salminen A J Cell Biol 118: 877-87 (1992) Two clonal rat rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines BA-Han-1B and BA-Han-1C with different capacities for myogenic differentiation have been examined for the expression of muscle regulatory basic helix-loop-he92363929 Thrombin induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor mRNA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in culture [see comments] Heaton JH; Dame MK; Gelehrter TD J Lab Clin Med 120: 222-8 (1992) We have previously reported that incubation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with human alpha-thrombin causes a time- and concentration-dependent increase in secreted plasminogen act92364493 Transcription factors and mammalian development. Lobe CG Curr Top Dev Biol 27: 351-83 (1992) 93048125 High level of surface CD4 prevents stable human immunodeficiency virus infection of T-cell transfectants. Marshall WL; Diamond DC; Kowalski MM; Finberg RW J Virol 66: 5492-9 (1992) CD4 is the principal receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We have isolated and studied CD4-expressing tumor cell clones made by expressing CD4 in the T-cell tumor line HSB. Two clones,92365140 Interactions of HTF4 with E-box motifs in the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Zhang Y; Doyle K; Bina M J Virol 66: 5631-4 (1992) We have identified three consensus E-box motifs in the long terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. One of these E boxes interacts selectively with representative members of the class 92365161 Retinoic acid receptors: transcription factors modulating gene regulation, development, and differentiation. Linney E Curr Top Dev Biol 27: 309-50 (1992) 93048124 Locations of contacts between individual zinc fingers of Xenopus laevis transcription factor IIIA and the internal control region of a 5S RNA gene. Hayes JJ; Clemens KR Biochemistry 31: 11600-5 (1992) A set of mutants of transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) have been prepared in which successive zinc-finger domains have been deleted from the carboxyl terminus of the protein. These have been analyzed 93075766 Binding of the human E2F transcription factor to the retinoblastoma protein but not to cyclin A is abolished in HPV-16-immortalized cells. Pagano M; Durst M; Joswig S; Draetta G; Jansen-Durr P Oncogene 7: 1681-6 (1992) The adenovirus E1A, SV40 large T and papillomavirus E7 proteins immortalize primary cells by virtue of their ability to bind the retinoblastoma gene product (pRB) and other cellular proteins, includin92366151 Characterization and cell cycle-regulated expression of mouse B-myb. Lam EW; Robinson C; Watson RJ Oncogene 7: 1885-90 (1992) We have isolated a full-length mouse B-myb cDNA clone and used this to examine cell cycle-regulated expression of this gene. Mouse B-Myb was predicted to comprise 704 amino acids and to be 84% homolog92366176 Retinoic acid receptor alpha in acute promyelocytic leukaemia. de The H; Dejean A Cancer Surv 14: 195-203 (1992) Acute promyelocytic leukaemia has two highly specific particularities: a t(15;17) chromosomal translocation and the ability of a differentiation inducer all-trans-RA, to revert the malignant phenotype93046238 In vivo footprint analysis of the HLA-DRA gene promoter: cell-specific interaction at the octamer site and up-regulation of X box binding by interferon gamma. Wright KL; Ting JP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 7601-5 (1992) Analysis of the major histocompatibility complex class II gene promoter DRA has previously identified at least five cis-acting regions required for maximal expression. We have examined the DRA promote92366509 The induction of Egr-1 expression by v-Fps is via a protein kinase C-independent intracellular signal that is sequentially dependent upon HaRas and Raf-1. Alexandropoulos K; Qureshi SA; Bruder JT; Rapp U; Foster DA Cell Growth Differ 3: 731-7 (1992) Activating the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of v-Fps leads to the rapid transcriptional activation of the Egr-1 gene, which encodes a mitogen-responsive transcription factor. Activation of Egr-1 b93075643 The t(4;11) chromosome translocation of human acute leukemias fuses the ALL-1 gene, related to Drosophila trithorax, to the AF-4 gene. Gu Y; Nakamura T; Alder H; Prasad R; Canaani O; Cimino G; Croce CM; Canaani E Cell 71: 701-8 (1992) The ALL-1 gene located at human chromosome 11 band q23 is rearranged in acute leukemias with interstitial deletions or reciprocal translocations between this region and chromosomes 1, 4, 6, 9, 10, or 93046668 RNA and DNA binding zinc fingers in Xenopus TFIIIA. Theunissen O; Rudt F; Guddat U; Mentzel H; Pieler T Cell 71: 679-90 (1992) The nine tandem zinc finger repeats in the 5S gene-specific transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) from Xenopus mediate specific binding to 5S DNA as well as to 5S ribosomal RNA. A comparative functional 93046666 The human XIST gene: analysis of a 17 kb inactive X-specific RNA that contains conserved repeats and is highly localized within the nucleus. Brown CJ; Hendrich BD; Rupert JL; Lafreniere RG; Xing Y; Lawrence J; Willard HF Cell 71: 527-42 (1992) X chromosome inactivation in mammalian females results in the cis-limited transcriptional inactivity of most of the genes on one X chromosome. The XIST gene is unique among X-linked genes in being exp93046651 The product of the mouse Xist gene is a 15 kb inactive X-specific transcript containing no conserved ORF and located in the nucleus. Brockdorff N; Ashworth A; Kay GF; McCabe VM; Norris DP; Cooper PJ; Swift S; Rastan S Cell 71: 515-26 (1992) The Xist gene maps to the X inactivation center region in both mouse and human, and previous analysis of the 3' end of the gene has demonstrated inactive X-specific expression, suggesting a possible r93046650 A novel B cell-derived coactivator potentiates the activation of immunoglobulin promoters by octamer-binding transcription factors. Luo Y; Fujii H; Gerster T; Roeder RG Cell 71: 231-41 (1992) A novel B cell-restricted activity, required for high levels of octamer/Oct-dependent transcription from an immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) promoter, was detected in an in vitro system consisting of 93046624 [Effects of different regimens of hyperbaric oxygenation on transcriptional activity and morphology of frontal cortex neurons in occlusion of the common carotid artery in rats] Grigor'eva AV; Kazantseva NV; Bul'chuk OV Biull Eksp Biol Med 114: 88-90 (1992) The effect of different regimens of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on cortical pyramids morphology and transcription were studied under occlusion of common arteria carotis. The effect of early (3 hours 93043242 Mechanism of action of steroid hormones and anti-hormones. A 1991 mini-overview. Baulieu EE C R Acad Sci III 314: 23-6 (1992) 93045620 Ability of adenovirus 5 E1A proteins to suppress differentiation of BC3H1 myoblasts correlates with their binding to a 300 kDa cellular protein. Mymryk JS; Lee RW; Bayley ST Mol Biol Cell 3: 1107-15 (1992) We have used deletion mutants to define the regions in Ad5 E1A proteins necessary to suppress differentiation of mouse BC3H1 myoblasts. We examined the differentiation of cells infected at a low multi93043592 Chromosome loss, hyperrecombination, and cell cycle arrest in a yeast mcm1 mutant. Elble R; Tye BK Mol Biol Cell 3: 971-80 (1992) The original mcm1-1 mutant was identified by its inability to propagate minichromosomes in an ARS-specific manner, suggesting that it is defective in the initiation of DNA synthesis at ARSs. This muta93043606 Negative control of photoreceptor development in Drosophila by the product of the yan gene, an ETS domain protein. Lai ZC; Rubin GM Cell 70: 609-20 (1992) Loss-of-function mutations in the yan gene result in the differentiation of supernumerary photoreceptors in the Drosophila eye. The yan gene encodes a protein with an ETS DNA-binding domain that accum92370682 A family of DNA virus genes that consists of fused portions of unrelated cellular genes. Koonin EV; Senkevich TG; Chernos VI Trends Biochem Sci 17: 213-4 (1992) 92367215 Stable induction of c-jun mRNA expression in normal human keratinocytes by agents that induce predifferentiation growth arrest. Blatti SP; Scott RE Cell Growth Differ 3: 429-34 (1992) A variety of agents can induce predifferentiation growth arrest (PGA) in human keratinocytes; these include transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and razoxane. We evaluated the ability of the93041376 Alfalfa root nodule phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase: characterization of the cDNA and expression in effective and plant-controlled ineffective nodules. Pathirana SM; Vance CP; Miller SS; Gantt JS Plant Mol Biol 20: 437-50 (1992) Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) plays a key role in N2 fixation and ammonia assimilation in legume root nodules. The enzyme can comprise up to 2% of the soluble protein in root nodules. We repo93043034 Regulation of the maize HRGP gene expression by ethylene and wounding. mRNA accumulation and qualitative expression analysis of the promoter by microprojectile bombardment. Tagu D; Walker N; Ruiz-Avila L; Burgess S; Martinez-Izquierdo JA; Leguay JJ; Netter P; Puigdomenech P Plant Mol Biol 20: 529-38 (1992) The expression of the maize gene coding for a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) has been studied by measuring the mRNA accumulation after wounding or ethylene treatment. RNA blot and in situ hyb93043042 Increased levels of interferon regulatory element-binding activities in nuclei of high interferon-producing If-1h mice. Daigneault L; Skup D Cell Growth Differ 3: 93-100 (1992) The transient induction of type I interferon (IFN) genes following a viral infection involves transcriptional derepression and activation, mediated by positive and negative factors which bind to upstr92369013 Redox activation of Fos-Jun DNA binding activity is mediated by a DNA repair enzyme. Xanthoudakis S; Miao G; Wang F; Pan YC; Curran T EMBO J 11: 3323-35 (1992) The DNA binding activity of Fos and Jun is regulated in vitro by a post-translational mechanism involving reduction-oxidation. Redox regulation occurs through a conserved cysteine residue located in t92371440 IL-6 and NF-IL6 in acute-phase response and viral infection. Akira S; Kishimoto T Immunol Rev 127: 25-50 (1992) NF-IL6 was originally identified as a DNA-binding protein responsible for IL-1-stimulated IL-6 induction. Direct cloning of NF-IL6 revealed its homology with C/EBP. C/EBP is expressed in liver and adi92372090 Zinc binding by retroviral integrase. McEuen AR; Edwards B; Koepke KA; Ball AE; Jennings BA; Wolstenholme AJ; Danson MJ; Hough DW Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189: 813-8 (1992) Zinc binding by integrase from Moloney murine leukaemia virus and a protein A fusion protein containing integrase from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 was demonstrated by a zinc blotting technique93112051 castor encodes a novel zinc finger protein required for the development of a subset of CNS neurons in Drosophila. Mellerick DM; Kassis JA; Zhang SD; Odenwald WF Neuron 9: 789-803 (1992) Using an enhancer detection screen, we have identified castor, a new gene required for embryonic CNS development in Drosophila. Embryos that lack castor expression have a diminished CNS axonal network93040222 Mutations in the Pit-1 gene in children with combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Ohta K; Nobukuni Y; Mitsubuchi H; Fujimoto S; Matsuo N; Inagaki H; Endo F; Matsuda I Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189: 851-5 (1992) Pit-1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor that binds to and transactivates promoters of growth hormone and prolactin genes. In three unrelated Japanese children with combined pituitary hormon93112057 Complementary DNA cloning and expression of Pit-1/GHF-1 from the domestic turkey. Wong EA; Silsby JL; el Halawani ME DNA Cell Biol 11: 651-60 (1992) The transition from egg laying to incubation activity in birds is associated with a dramatic rise in serum prolactin levels. To further our understanding of the regulation of prolactin gene expression93039671 The genes for MHC class II regulatory factors RFX1 and RFX2 are located on the short arm of chromosome 19. Pugliatti L; Derre J; Berger R; Ucla C; Reith W; Mach B Genomics 13: 1307-10 (1992) RFX1 is a transacting DNA-binding regulatory factor involved in the control of MHC class II gene expression. RFX2 is a structurally very similar protein with identical DNA binding features. A member o92372030 N-terminal mutations modulate yeast SNF1 protein kinase function. Estruch F; Treitel MA; Yang X; Carlson M Genetics 132: 639-50 (1992) The SNF1 protein kinase is required for expression of glucose-repressed genes in response to glucose deprivation. The SNF4 protein is physically associated with SNF1 and positively affects the kinase 93106368 The rhombotin gene family encode related LIM-domain proteins whose differing expression suggests multiple roles in mouse development. Foroni L; Boehm T; White L; Forster A; Sherrington P; Liao XB; Brannan CI; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG; Rabbitts TH J Mol Biol 226: 747-61 (1992) The rhombotin (RBTN1 or Ttg-1) gene was first identified at a chromosome translocation in a T-cell acute leukaemia and later used to isolate two related genes (RBTN2 or Ttg-2 and RBTN3). Complete char92373760 Isolation of rsp-1, a novel cDNA capable of suppressing v-Ras transformation. Cutler ML; Bassin RH; Zanoni L; Talbot N Mol Cell Biol 12: 3750-6 (1992) Using an expression cloning assay, we have isolated a novel cDNA, referred to as rsp-1, which suppresses the v-Ras-transformed phenotype. When introduced into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts under the control of 92375042 POU-specific domain of Oct-2 factor confers 'octamer' motif DNA binding specificity on heterologous Antennapedia homeodomain. Brugnera E; Xu L; Schaffner W; Arnosti DN FEBS Lett 314: 361-5 (1992) The bipartite DNA binding domain of the POU family of transcription factors contains a 'POU-specific' domain unique to this class of factors and a 'POU homeodomain' homologous to other homeodomains. W93106185 The DNA-binding defect observed in major histocompatibility complex class II regulatory mutants concerns only one member of a family of complexes binding to the X boxes of class II promoters. Herrero Sanchez C; Reith W; Silacci P; Mach B Mol Cell Biol 12: 4076-83 (1992) The X box of major histocompatibility complex class II promoters is essential for proper expression of class II genes. Here we show that two distinct protein-DNA complexes (A and B), which exhibit sim92375076 Identity of 4a-carbinolamine dehydratase, a component of the phenylalanine hydroxylation system, and DCoH, a transregulator of homeodomain proteins. Citron BA; Davis MD; Milstien S; Gutierrez J; Mendel DB; Crabtree GR; Kaufman S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11891-4 (1992) The principal pathway for the metabolism of phenylalanine in mammals is via conversion to tyrosine in a tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent hydroxylation reaction occurring predominantly in the liver. Recen93101632 Nucleosome core displacement in vitro via a metastable transcription factor-nucleosome complex. Workman JL; Kingston RE Science 258: 1780-4 (1992) In order to function, transcription factors must compete for DNA binding with structural components of chromatin, including nucleosomes. Mechanisms that could be used in this competition have been cha93101978 Genetic interaction between transcription elongation factor TFIIS and RNA polymerase II. Archambault J; Lacroute F; Ruet A; Friesen JD Mol Cell Biol 12: 4142-52 (1992) Little is known about the regions of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) that are involved in the process of transcript elongation and interaction with elongation factors. One elongation factor, TFIIS, stimula92375083 Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) dimers bind to different GGTCA response elements, allowing COUP-TF to repress hormonal induction of the vitamin D3, thyroid hormone, Cooney AJ; Tsai SY; O'Malley BW; Tsai MJ Mol Cell Biol 12: 4153-63 (1992) Alignment of natural chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) response elements shows that, in addition to the predominant direct repeat of the GGTCA motif with a 2-bp spacin92375084 Interaction of the yeast Swi4 and Swi6 cell cycle regulatory proteins in vitro. Andrews BJ; Moore LA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11852-6 (1992) In budding yeast, two transcription factors, Swi4 and Swi6, control the expression of important cell cycle regulatory proteins (the G1 cyclins, Cln1 and Cln2, and the cyclin-like Hcs26) as well as the93101624 Functional antagonism between YY1 and the serum response factor. Gualberto A; LePage D; Pons G; Mader SL; Park K; Atchison ML; Walsh K Mol Cell Biol 12: 4209-14 (1992) The rapid, transient induction of the c-fos proto-oncogene by serum growth factors is mediated by the serum response element (SRE). The SRE shares homology with the muscle regulatory element (MRE) of 92375089 Identification of human TFIID components and direct interaction between a 250-kDa polypeptide and the TATA box-binding protein (TFIID tau). Takada R; Nakatani Y; Hoffmann A; Kokubo T; Hasegawa S; Roeder RG; Horikoshi M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11809-13 (1992) Previous studies have indicated that human transcription initiation factor TFIID is a large complex that contains a TATA-binding polypeptide (TFIID tau or TBP) and other components that qualitatively 93101616 DNA binding and heteromerization of the Drosophila transcription factor chorion factor 1/ultraspiracle. Christianson AM; King DL; Hatzivassiliou E; Casas JE; Hallenbeck PL; Nikodem VM; Mitsialis SA; Kafatos FC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11503-7 (1992) The Drosophila chorion factor 1/ultraspiracle (CF1/USP) transcription factor, a homologue of the retinoid X receptor, is a developmentally important member of the family of nuclear (steroid) hormone r93087556 The DNA binding specificity of the bipartite POU domain and its subdomains. Verrijzer CP; Alkema MJ; van Weperen WW; Van Leeuwen HC; Strating MJ; van der Vliet PC EMBO J 11: 4993-5003 (1992) The POU domain is a conserved DNA binding region of approximately 160 amino acids present in a family of eukaryotic transcription factors that play regulatory roles in development. The POU domain cons93099874 Role of protein kinase C activity in tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression. Involvement at the transcriptional level. Chung IY; Kwon J; Benveniste EN J Immunol 149: 3894-902 (1992) Primary rat astrocytes express TNF-alpha protein in response to various stimuli including a combined treatment with IFN-gamma and LPS, or IFN-gamma and IL-1 beta. This study was undertaken to further 93094583 The PR264/c-myb connection: expression of a splicing factor modulated by a nuclear protooncogene. Sureau A; Soret J; Vellard M; Crochet J; Perbal B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11683-7 (1992) We have previously reported that expression of the c-myb gene in normal avian thymic cells proceeds through the intermolecular recombination of ET (thymus-specific) and c-myb coding sequences, thereby93101590 Binding of Xenopus oocyte masking proteins to mRNA sequences. Marello K; LaRovere J; Sommerville J Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5593-600 (1992) It has been shown previously that maternal mRNA, synthesized and stored in growing oocytes, is stabilized and blocked from translation through various mechanisms including restricted polyadenylation a93087166 Myc/Max and other helix-loop-helix/leucine zipper proteins bend DNA toward the minor groove. Fisher DE; Parent LA; Sharp PA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11779-83 (1992) A distinct family of DNA-binding proteins is characterized by the presence of adjacent "basic," helix-loop-helix, and leucine zipper domains. Members of this family include the Myc oncoproteins, their93101610 Molecular cloning of a homeobox transcription factor from adult aortic smooth muscle. Patel CV; Gorski DH; LePage DF; Lincecum J; Walsh K J Biol Chem 267: 26085-90 (1992) We report here the cloning of a cDNA encoding a homeobox transcription factor from vascular smooth muscle and describe its unique pattern of mRNA expression at different stages in development. The cDN93100334 The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter is regulated by cAMP in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ruth J; Hirt H; Schweyen RJ Mol Gen Genet 235: 365-72 (1992) The cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter confers strong gene expression in plants, animals and fission yeast, but not in budding yeast. On investigating this paradox, we found that in budding yeast t93101142 Retinoic acid alters hindbrain Hox code and induces transformation of rhombomeres 2/3 into a 4/5 identity [see comments] Marshall H; Nonchev S; Sham MH; Muchamore I; Lumsden A; Krumlauf R Nature 360: 737-41 (1992) It has been suggested that Hox genes play an important part in the patterning of limbs, vertebrae and craniofacial structures by providing an ordered molecular system of positional values, termed the 93101209 Members of the USF family of helix-loop-helix proteins bind DNA as homo- as well as heterodimers. Sirito M; Walker S; Lin Q; Kozlowski MT; Klein WH; Sawadogo M Gene Expr 2: 231-40 (1992) We have isolated human cDNA clones for USF2, a new member of the upstream stimulatory factor (USF) family of transcription factors. Analysis of these clones revealed the existence of highly conserved 93082094 Purification and characterization of a transcription factor which appears to regulate cAMP responsiveness of the human CYP21B gene. Kagawa N; Waterman MR J Biol Chem 267: 25213-9 (1992) A unique cAMP regulatory sequence, -129/-96 base pairs (bp), associated with the gene encoding human cytochrome P450C21 (CYP21B) binds a nuclear protein designated ASP, as described previously (Kagawa93094230 Deviant TATA-box binding protein [letter] Hyde JE; Sims PF; Read M; McAndrew MB Nature 360: 541 (1992) 93096038 The ERGB/Fli-1 gene: isolation and characterization of a new member of the family of human ETS transcription factors. Watson DK; Smyth FE; Thompson DM; Cheng JQ; Testa JR; Papas TS; Seth A Cell Growth Differ 3: 705-13 (1992) All cellular ets proteins contain a region of high amino acid identity to those found in the last two exons of the ets-1 gene (C domain). We have identified and characterized a new member of the human93075640 The CCR4 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a leucine-rich repeat region which is required for its control of ADH2 gene expression. Malvar T; Biron RW; Kaback DB; Denis CL Genetics 132: 951-62 (1992) The CCR4 gene from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for the transcription of the glucose-repressible alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH2). Mutations in CCR4 also suppress the transcription at the ADH2 and93093455 Drosophila C/EBP: a tissue-specific DNA-binding protein required for embryonic development. Rorth P; Montell DJ Genes Dev 6: 2299-311 (1992) Recently, we reported the cloning of the Drosophila melanogaster homolog of the vertebrate CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP). Here, we describe studies of the DNA-binding and dimerization propert93093465 Alternative splicing of the Oct-2 transcription factor RNA is differentially regulated in neuronal cells and B cells and results in protein isoforms with opposite effects on the activity of octamer/TALillycrop KA; Latchman DS J Biol Chem 267: 24960-5 (1992) The RNA encoding the octamer-binding transcription factor Oct-2 is alternatively spliced in both neuronal cells and in B cells to yield multiple mRNAs encoding different isoforms of the protein. We sh93094194 SIT4 protein phosphatase is required for the normal accumulation of SWI4, CLN1, CLN2, and HCS26 RNAs during late G1. Fernandez-Sarabia MJ; Sutton A; Zhong T; Arndt KT Genes Dev 6: 2417-28 (1992) In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the RNA levels of the G1 cyclins CLN1, CLN2, and HCS26 increase dramatically during the late G1 phase of the cell cycle. The SIT4 gene, which encodes a serine/threonine pr93093475 Activin inhibits binding of transcription factor Pit-1 to the growth hormone promoter. Struthers RS; Gaddy-Kurten D; Vale WW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11451-5 (1992) Activin A is a potent growth and differentiation factor related to transforming growth factor beta. In somatotrophs, activin suppresses the biosynthesis and secretion of growth hormone (GH) and cellul93087546 Control of transcription factors by signal transduction pathways: the beginning of the end. Karin M; Smeal T Trends Biochem Sci 17: 418-22 (1992) Signal transduction pathways regulate gene expression by modulating the activity of nuclear transcription factors. The mechanisms that control the activity of two groups of sequence-specific transcrip93088390 Expression in Escherichia coli: purification and properties of the recombinant human general transcription factor rTFIIB. Moncollin V; Schaeffer L; Chalut C; Egly JM Protein Expr Purif 3: 374-9 (1992) The human class II transcription factor TFIIB (rTFIIB) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli using a T7 RNA polymerase expression system and further purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified rTFI93091537 The serum response element. Treisman R Trends Biochem Sci 17: 423-6 (1992) The promoters of many genes whose transcription is rapidly and transiently induced following growth factor or mitogen stimulation of susceptible cells contain a common regulatory element, the serum re93088391 Inhibition of specific pathways of myeloid cell differentiation by an activated Hox-2.4 homeobox gene. Blatt C; Lotem J; Sachs L Cell Growth Differ 3: 671-6 (1992) Abnormal expression of homeobox genes is one of the abnormalities associated with the development of murine and human leukemia. Myeloid leukemic cells that can be induced to differentiate to mature ce93075636 The functions of Myc proteins. Meichle A; Philipp A; Eilers M Biochim Biophys Acta 1114: 129-46 (1992) The functions of Myc proteins have remained a mystery for a number of years. Recent data have now provided us with a clear working hypothesis of how myc may act. What appears to be still missing is a 93090816 Determination of transcription factor isoelectric point by two-dimensional native isoelectric focusing and electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. Bush E; Currie RA Anal Biochem 206: 189-94 (1992) A rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive assay is described for the determination of isoelectric points of native transcription factors derived from cell nuclei. This assay depends on a transcription facto93089508 Graft cytokine mRNA activity in rat single lung transplants by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction: effect of cyclosporine. Francalancia NA; Wang SC; Thai NL; Aeba R; Simmons RL; Yousem SA; Hardesty RL; Griffith BP J Heart Lung Transplant 11: 1041-5 (1992) Intragraft levels of cytokine mRNA were studied in an orthotopic rat left lung transplant model. Three groups of rats were compared at 7 days after transplantation. Isogeneic (Lewis to Lewis), allogen93090769 Trimerization of the heat shock transcription factor by a triple-stranded alpha-helical coiled-coil. Peteranderl R; Nelson HC Biochemistry 31: 12272-6 (1992) We have isolated and characterized a 91 amino acid fragment of the heat shock transcription factor from both Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis. The two protein fragments behave similar93090765 Comparative analysis of Pax-2 protein distributions during neurulation in mice and zebrafish. Puschel AW; Westerfield M; Dressler GR Mech Dev 38: 197-208 (1992) Members of different vertebrate species share a number of developmental mechanisms and control genes, suggesting that they have similar genetic programs of development. We compared the expression patt93090705 Characterization of liver-enriched proteins binding to a developmentally demethylated site flanking the avian apoVLDLII gene. Hoodless PA; Ryan AK; Schrader TJ; Deeley RG DNA Cell Biol 11: 755-65 (1992) Although the avian apoVLDLII gene is normally expressed exclusively in the liver of the laying hen, the gene can be activated by estrogen in birds of either sex beginning between days 7-9 of embryogen93090273 Structure of the gene encoding hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1). Bach I; Pontoglio M; Yaniv M Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4199-204 (1992) Genomic clones have been isolated that cover the entire gene for the transcription factor HNF1 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 1). This protein governs the expression of many genes, synthesized in the live92375726 Multiplicity generates diversity in the retinoic acid signalling pathways. Leid M; Kastner P; Chambon P Trends Biochem Sci 17: 427-33 (1992) Complexity in the retinoid signalling system arises from a combination of several forms of retinoic acid, multiple cytoplasmic binding proteins and nuclear receptors, and the existence of polymorphic 93088392 cC/EPB, a chicken transcription factor of the leucine-zipper C/EBP family. Calkhoven CF; Ab G; Wijnholds J Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4093 (1992) 92375701 Pur-1, a zinc-finger protein that binds to purine-rich sequences, transactivates an insulin promoter in heterologous cells. Kennedy GC; Rutter WJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 11498-502 (1992) Purine-rich stretches of nucleotides (GAGA boxes) are often found just upstream of transcription start sites in many genes, including insulin. Mutational analysis suggests that the GAGA box plays an i93087555 An enhancer element responsive to ras and fms signaling pathways is composed of two distinct nuclear factor binding sites. Reddy MA; Langer SJ; Colman MS; Ostrowski MC Mol Endocrinol 6: 1051-60 (1992) In order to precisely define the sequences that constitute the ras-responsive enhancers element present in the murine retrotransposon NVL3, point mutations were introduced into the previously defined 92375098 Zinc finger-DNA recognition: analysis of base specificity by site-directed mutagenesis. Nardelli J; Gibson T; Charnay P Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4137-44 (1992) Zinc fingers of the Cys2/His2 class are conserved 28-30 amino acid motifs that constitute an important and widespread family of eukaryotic DNA-binding domains. It is therefore of great interest to und92375717 Human peritoneal mesothelial cells produce many cytokines (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor [CSF], granulocyte-monocyte-CSF, macrophage-CSF, interleukin-1 [IL-1], and IL-6) and are activated and Lanfrancone L; Boraschi D; Ghiara P; Falini B; Grignani F; Peri G; Mantovani A; Pelicci PG Blood 80: 2835-42 (1992) To investigate the role of peritoneal mesothelial cells in regulating hematopoiesis, as well as inflammation, healing, and tissue regeneration processes, long-term cultures of peritoneal mesothelial c93081786 Identification of two large subdomains in TFIIE-alpha on the basis of homology between Xenopus and human sequences. Ohkuma Y; Hashimoto S; Roeder RG; Horikoshi M Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5838 (1992) 93087200 Modulation of HOX2 gene expression following differentiation of neuronal cell lines. Safaei R; Prochazka V; Detmer K; Boncinelli E; Lawrence HJ; Largman C Differentiation 51: 39-47 (1992) The expression of the genes in the human HOX2 locus has been studied during differentiation of two human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y and Kelly), a human glioblastoma (251-MG), and the murine F9 embryonal c93083843 Nucleotide sequence of the phoP gene encoding PhoP, the response regulator of the phosphate regulon of Bacillus subtilis. Lee JW; Hulett FM Nucleic Acids Res 20: 5848 (1992) 93087210 Tissue-specific expression of the skeletal alpha-actin gene involves sequences that can function independently of MyoD and Id. Muscat GE; Emery J; Collie ES Gene Expr 2: 241-57 (1992) The skeletal alpha-actin gene is a member of the sarcomeric contractile protein gene family and is specifically expressed in differentiated muscle. The skeletal alpha-actin gene is regulated efficient93082095 Solution structures of two zinc-finger domains from SWI5 obtained using two-dimensional 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A zinc-finger structure with a third strand of beta-sheet. Neuhaus D; Nakaseko Y; Schwabe JW; Klug A J Mol Biol 228: 637-51 (1992) This paper describes the detailed three-dimensional structures of two zinc-finger domains from the yeast transcription factor SWI5, calculated using the results of the n.m.r. experiments described in 93085741 The hepatitis B virus X protein transactivation of c-fos and c-myc proto-oncogenes is mediated by multiple transcription factors. Avantaggiati ML; Balsano C; Natoli G; De Marzio E; Will H; Elfassi E; Levrero M Arch Virol Suppl 4: 57-61 (1992) We have constructed two expression vectors in order to study the action of the HBV 17 Kd X protein on the c-fos and c-myc promoters. The results show that the promoters contain multiple elements that 93082192 Adjacent zinc-finger motifs in multiple zinc-finger peptides from SWI5 form structurally independent, flexibly linked domains. Nakaseko Y; Neuhaus D; Klug A; Rhodes D J Mol Biol 228: 619-36 (1992) Peptides containing either one, two or three of the three zinc-finger motifs from the yeast transcription factor SWI5 have been prepared by expression in Escherichia coli. The DNA binding characterist93085740 SCL and related hemopoietic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. Green AR; Begley CG Int J Cell Cloning 10: 269-76 (1992) The helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins are a family of transcription factors that include proteins critical to differentiation and development in species ranging from plants to mammals. Five members of t93085167 Messenger RNA secondary structure and translational coupling in the Escherichia coli operon encoding translation initiation factor IF3 and the ribosomal proteins, L35 and L20. Lesage P; Chiaruttini C; Graffe M; Dondon J; Milet M; Springer M J Mol Biol 228: 366-86 (1992) The Escherichia coli infC-rmpI-rplT operon encodes translation initiation factor IF3 and the ribosomal proteins, L35 and L20, respectively. The expression of the last cistron (rplT) has been shown to 93085722 Transcription factors in human leukaemias. Cleary ML Cancer Surv 15: 89-104 (1992) At the present time, two general mechanisms account for deregulation and subsequent oncogenic conversion of transcriptional proteins in human leukaemias. One involves quantitative alterations in expre93082682 Structural conservation of putative functional motifs between Xenopus and human TFIIE-beta. Ohkuma Y; Hashimoto S; Roeder RG; Horikoshi M Nucleic Acids Res 20: 4363 (1992) 92375748 Immediate-early, early, and late RNAs in bovine herpesvirus-4-infected cells. Chang LY; Van Santen VL Virology 191: 909-20 (1992) We have begun to identify immediate-early (IE), early (E), and late (L) genes of BHV-4 by analysis of cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA transcribed from the BHV-4 genome over the course of infection and 93079893 Mutation of the POU-specific domain of Pit-1 and hypopituitarism without pituitary hypoplasia. Pfaffle RW; DiMattia GE; Parks JS; Brown MR; Wit JM; Jansen M; Van der Nat H; Van den Brande JL; Rosenfeld MG; Ingraham HA Science 257: 1118-21 (1992) A point mutation in the POU-specific portion of the human gene that encodes the tissue-specific POU-domain transcription factor, Pit-1, results in hypopituitarism, with deficiencies of growth hormone,92376528 Tyrosine kinase receptor--nuclear protooncogene interactions in breast cancer. Dickson RB; Salomon DS; Lippman ME Cancer Treat Res 61: 249-73 (1992) In summary, evidence is beginning to accumulate in support of a major role for tyrosine kinase receptors (and their activating growth factors) and steroid hormones and their receptors in normal develo93081201 A chimeric EGFR/neu receptor in studies of neu function. Lehtola L; Lehvaslaiho H; Koskinen P; Alitalo K Cancer Treat Res 61: 213-28 (1992) 93081199 Endogenous eicosanoids modulate cell growth and the expression of immediate early response genes. Sellmayer A; Weber PC Eicosanoids 5 Suppl: S51-2 (1992) Experiments were performed in rat mesangial cells indicating that endogenous non-cyclooxygenase metabolites of AA act to modulate the mitogenic response. Irrespective of the mitogen used, metabolism o93081052 Regulation of ATP-citrate lyase at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in rat liver. Kim KS; Park SW; Kim YS Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189: 264-71 (1992) The amounts of ATP-citrate lyase in liver cytosol began to increase at 12 hours after refeeding a high-carbohydrate diet and further increased until 48 hours. The amounts of the ATP-citrate lyase mRNA93080567 The COUP transcription factor (COUP-TF) is directly involved in the regulation of oxytocin gene expression in luteinizing bovine granulosa cells. Wehrenberg U; Ivell R; Walther N Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189: 496-503 (1992) Competition with specific oligonucleotides in DNA-binding experiments, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and recognition by specific antibodies have identified the ubiquitous transcription factor CO93080603 Human and Drosophila homeodomain proteins that enhance the DNA-binding activity of serum response factor. Grueneberg DA; Natesan S; Alexandre C; Gilman MZ Science 257: 1089-95 (1992) Cells with distinct developmental histories can respond differentially to identical signals, suggesting that signals are interpreted in a fashion that reflects a cell's identity. How this might occur 92376525 A mutation in the POU-homeodomain of Pit-1 responsible for combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Radovick S; Nations M; Du Y; Berg LA; Weintraub BD; Wondisford FE Science 257: 1115-8 (1992) Pit-1 is a pituitary-specific transcription factor responsible for pituitary development and hormone expression in mammals. Mutations in the gene encoding Pit-1 have been found in two dwarf mouse stra92376527 The unstable tetracycline resistance gene of Streptomyces lividans 1326 encodes a putative protein with similarities to translational elongation factors and Tet(M) and Tet(O) proteins. Dittrich W; Schrempf H Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36: 1119-24 (1992) Streptomyces lividans contains a genetically unstable tetracycline resistance determinant. Nucleotide sequencing revealed an open reading frame of 1,917 nucleotides. The transcriptional start site was92378191 Synthesis and purification of biologically active rat brain-derived neurotrophic factor from Escherichia coli. Negro A; Corsa V; Moretto C; Skaper SD; Callegaro L Biochem Biophys Res Commun 186: 1553-9 (1992) The cDNA for rat brain-derived neurotrophic factor was cloned as the prepro and mature sequences into two independent expression vectors under control of the T7 promoter. When these vectors were trans92378626 A novel isoform of rat hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4). Hata S; Tsukamoto T; Osumi T Biochim Biophys Acta 1131: 211-3 (1992) Based on the published nucleotide sequence for rat hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4; Sladek, F.M., Zhong, W., Lai, E. and Darnell, J.E., Jr. (1990) Genes Dev. 4, 2353-2365), we have cloned a cDNA by92305063 Mutations activating the yeast eIF-2 alpha kinase GCN2: isolation of alleles altering the domain related to histidyl-tRNA synthetases. Ramirez M; Wek RC; Vazquez de Aldana CR; Jackson BM; Freeman B; Hinnebusch AG Mol Cell Biol 12: 5801-15 (1992) The protein kinase GCN2 stimulates expression of the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4 at the translational level by phosphorylating the alpha subunit of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alph93078782 Retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors: ligand-regulated transcription factors as proto-oncogenes. Privalsky ML Semin Cell Biol 3: 99-106 (1992) The retroviral v-erb A locus is derived from a cellular gene, c-erb A, encoding a thyroid hormone receptor. The v-erb A and c-erb A proteins are, in turn, members of a larger family of structurally an92305266 Temporal correlation between the appearance of testis-specific DNA-binding proteins and the onset of transcription of the testis-specific histone H1t gene. Grimes SR; Wolfe SA; Koppel DA Exp Cell Res 201: 216-24 (1992) The histone H1t gene is transcribed only in testis. Northern blot analyses reveal that transcription of the H1t gene occurs first in pachytene primary spermatocytes. Thus, there is a temporal correlat92307042 Role of primary response genes in generating cellular responses to growth factors. McMahon SB; Monroe JG FASEB J 6: 2707-15 (1992) Cellular responses to growth and differentiation factors involve a complex cascade of signals that begins at the cell surface, traverses the cytoplasm, and eventually enters the nucleus. Although a gr92307251 Chromosomal localization in man and rat of the genes encoding the liver-enriched transcription factors C/EBP, DBP, and HNF1/LFB-1 (CEBP, DBP, and transcription factor 1, TCF1, respectively) and of theSzpirer C; Riviere M; Cortese R; Nakamura T; Islam MQ; Levan G; Szpirer J Genomics 13: 293-300 (1992) By means of somatic cell hybrids segregating either human or rat chromosomes, we determined the chromosome localization of three genes encoding transcription factors expressed in hepatocytes, namely, 92307661 NGF induces the expression of the VGF gene through a cAMP response element. Hawley RJ; Scheibe RJ; Wagner JA J Neurosci 12: 2573-81 (1992) NGF is a peptide growth factor that plays a key role in the differentiation and survival of neurons in both the PNS and CNS. NGF acts through both transcription-dependent and transcription-independent92309005 Dynamic regulation of NGFI-A (zif268, egr1) gene expression in the striatum. Moratalla R; Robertson HA; Graybiel AM J Neurosci 12: 2609-22 (1992) The expression of immediate-early genes of the fos/jun leucine zipper family can be regulated in striatal neurons by stimuli affecting the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system. The regulatory effects are92309008 Cancer. p53, guardian of the genome [news; comment] Lane DP Nature 358: 15-6 (1992) 92310556 A novel 7-nucleotide motif located in 3' untranslated sequences of the immediate-early gene set mediates platelet-derived growth factor induction of the JE gene. Freter RR; Irminger JC; Porter JA; Jones SD; Stiles CD Mol Cell Biol 12: 5288-300 (1992) A cohort of the serum and growth factor regulated immediate-early gene set is induced with slower kinetics than c-fos. Two of the first immediate-early genes characterized as such, c-myc and JE, are c93078728 Novel member of the zinc finger superfamily: A C2-HC finger that recognizes a glia-specific gene. Kim JG; Hudson LD Mol Cell Biol 12: 5632-9 (1992) A novel member of the zinc finger superfamily was cloned by virtue of its binding to cis-regulatory elements of a glia-specific gene, the myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) gene. Named MyTI (myelin tran93078764 The EGD1 product, a yeast homolog of human BTF3, may be involved in GAL4 DNA binding. Parthun MR; Mangus DA; Jaehning JA Mol Cell Biol 12: 5683-9 (1992) A variety of techniques, including filter binding, footprinting, and gel retardation, can be used to assay the transcriptional activator GAL4 (Gal4p) through the initial steps of its purification from93078770 A mutation outside the two zinc fingers of ADR1 can suppress defects in either finger. Camier S; Kacherovsky N; Young ET Mol Cell Biol 12: 5758-67 (1992) A second-site mutation that restored DNA binding to ADR1 mutants altered at different positions in the two zinc fingers was identified. This mutation (called IS1) was a conservative change of arginine93078777 Nuclear localization signal(s) required for nuclear targeting of the maize regulatory protein Opaque-2. Varagona MJ; Schmidt RJ; Raikhel NV Plant Cell 4: 1213-27 (1992) The maize regulatory protein Opaque-2 (O2) localizes to the nucleus in both maize and tobacco cells. Here we show that in-frame carboxy- and amino-terminal fusions of O2 to reporter protein beta-glucu93076108 Biological function of the retinoblastoma protein requires distinct domains for hyperphosphorylation and transcription factor binding. Qian Y; Luckey C; Horton L; Esser M; Templeton DJ Mol Cell Biol 12: 5363-72 (1992) Despite the importance of the retinoblastoma susceptibility gene to tumor growth control, the structural features of its encoded protein (pRb) and their relationship to protein function have not been 93078736 Proto-vav and gene expression [letter] Boguski MS; Bairoch A; Attwood TK; Michaels GS Nature 358: 113 (1992) 92310585 The weak, fine-tuned binding of ubiquitous transcription factors to the Il-2 enhancer contributes to its T cell-restricted activity. Hentsch B; Mouzaki A; Pfeuffer I; Rungger D; Serfling E Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2657-65 (1992) The T lymphocyte-specific enhancers of the murine and human Interleukin 2 (Il-2) genes harbour several binding sites for ubiquitous transcription factors. All these sites for the binding of AP-1, NF-k92310958 Identification of the gene encoding transcription factor NusG of Thermus thermophilus. Heinrich T; Schroder W; Erdmann VA; Hartmann RK J Bacteriol 174: 7859-63 (1992) The nusG gene of Thermus thermophilus HB8 was cloned and sequenced. It is located 388 bp downstream from tufB, which is followed by the genes for ribosomal proteins L11 and L1. No equivalent to secE p93077476 WORDUP: an efficient algorithm for discovering statistically significant patterns in DNA sequences. Pesole G; Prunella N; Liuni S; Attimonelli M; Saccone C Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2871-5 (1992) We present here a fast and sensitive method designed to isolate short nucleotide sequences which have non-random statistical properties and may thus be biologically active. It is based on a first orde92310989 Endothelins secreted from human keratinocytes are intrinsic mitogens for human melanocytes. Imokawa G; Yada Y; Miyagishi M J Biol Chem 267: 24675-80 (1992) We recently demonstrated that human melanocyte proliferation and differentiation could be stimulated by endothelin (ET) derivatives via a receptor-mediated signal transduction pathway (Yada, Y., Higuc93077564 Binding of TFIIIA to derivatives of 5S RNA containing sequence substitutions or deletions defines a minimal TFIIIA binding site. Bogenhagen DF; Sands MS Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2639-45 (1992) The repetitive zinc finger domain of transcription factor IIIA binds 5S DNA and 5S RNA with similar affinity. Site directed mutagenesis of the Xenopus borealis somatic 5S RNA gene has been used to pro92310956 DNA curving and bending in protein-DNA recognition. Harrington RE Mol Microbiol 6: 2549-55 (1992) Most biological events are regulated at the molecular level by site-specific associations between specialized proteins and DNA. These associations may bring distal regions of the genome into functiona93078608 Cytoplasmic domain heterogeneity and functions of IgG Fc receptors in B lymphocytes. Amigorena S; Bonnerot C; Drake JR; Choquet D; Hunziker W; Guillet JG; Webster P; Sautes C; Mellman I; Fridman WH Science 256: 1808-12 (1992) B lymphocytes and macrophages express closely related immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptors (Fc gamma RII) that differ only in the structures of their cytoplasmic domains. Because of cell type-specific 92311659 Mapping the cAMP receptor protein contact site on the alpha subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Zou C; Fujita N; Igarashi K; Ishihama A Mol Microbiol 6: 2599-605 (1992) The C-terminal region (amino acid residues 236-329) of the Escherichia coli RNA polymerase alpha subunit carries the contact site I for positive transcription factors. For detailed mapping of the cont93078614 cis-inhibitory elements in the pT181 replication system. Projan SJ; Novick RP Plasmid 27: 81-92 (1992) We report here the existence of a pair of sequence elements in plasmid cointegrates that together block the function of pT181 plasmid replication origins in cis. The study is an outgrowth of the use o92311256 Expression of c-fos and other genes encoding transcription factors in long-term potentiation. Kaczmarek L Behav Neural Biol 57: 263-6 (1992) The genes encoding transcription factors are known to be induced in many different biological phenomena of transition from one long-lasting state of cell functioning to another. It is widely believed 92313278 TerF, the sixth identified replication arrest site in Escherichia coli, is located within the rcsC gene. Sharma B; Hill TM J Bacteriol 174: 7854-8 (1992) We report the existence of a sixth replication arrest site, TerF, that is located within the coding sequences of the rcsC gene, a negative regulator of capsule biosynthesis. The TerF site is oriented 93077475 Single crystals of long DNA molecules. Fairall L; Finch JT J Biomol Struct Dyn 9: 633-42 (1992) We have grown single crystals of long DNA molecules, 54 and 65 base pairs in length which encompass the binding site of the Xenopus protein transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA). These molecules are cons92313519 Roles of CatR and cis,cis-muconate in activation of the catBC operon, which is involved in benzoate degradation in Pseudomonas putida. Parsek MR; Shinabarger DL; Rothmel RK; Chakrabarty AM J Bacteriol 174: 7798-806 (1992) In Pseudomonas putida, the catBC operon encodes enzymes involved in benzoate degradation. Previous studies have determined that these enzymes are induced when P. putida is grown in the presence of ben93077465 The gene for the POU domain transcription factor Oct-6 maps to the distal end of mouse chromosome 4. Rohdewohld H; Gruss P Mamm Genome 3: 119-21 (1992) 92314532 Distinct activation of murine interferon-alpha promoter region by IRF-1/ISFG-2 and virus infection. Au WC; Raj NB; Pine R; Pitha PM Nucleic Acids Res 20: 2877-84 (1992) Virus infection in mouse L929 cells activates expression of interferon-alpha 4 (IFN-alpha 4), but not IFN-alpha 6. The integrity of a symmetrical sequence, GTAAAGAAAGT (alpha F1 site); (-103 to -93), 92310990 Cellular transcription factors involved in the regulation of HIV-1 gene expression. Gaynor R AIDS 6: 347-63 (1992) 92313533 Genes homologous to ubiquitin-conjugating proteins and eukaryotic transcription factor SII in African swine fever virus. Rodriguez JM; Salas ML; Vinuela E Virology 186: 40-52 (1992) The nucleotide sequence of the 6004-bp EcoRI I fragment of African swine fever virus DNA has been determined. Translation of the sequence revealed eight closely spaced open reading frames (ORFs), thre92087485 Expression of PILOT, a putative transcription factor, requires two signals and is cyclosporin A sensitive in T cells. Mages HW; Stamminger T; Rilke O; Bravo R; Kroczek RA Int Immunol 5: 63-70 (1993) Few known genes (IL-2, members of the IL-8 family, interferon-gamma) are induced in T cells only through the combined effect of phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) and a Ca(2+)-ionophore, and expression of93183827 Ribosomal RNA antitermination in vitro: requirement for Nus factors and one or more unidentified cellular components. Squires CL; Greenblatt J; Li J; Condon C; Squires CL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 970-4 (1993) Using an in vitro transcription assay, we have successfully demonstrated read through of a Rho-dependent terminator by the ribosomal RNA antitermination system. The assay used a DNA template containin93157392 Transcript cleavage factors from E. coli. Borukhov S; Sagitov V; Goldfarb A Cell 72: 459-66 (1993) Two transcription elongation factors (GreA and GreB) related in primary sequence were isolated from E. coli. Each factor induced cleavage of the nascent transcript in artificially halted elongation co93161419 Distinct TFIID complexes mediate the effect of different transcriptional activators. Brou C; Chaudhary S; Davidson I; Lutz Y; Wu J; Egly JM; Tora L; Chambon P EMBO J 12: 489-99 (1993) Multiple chromatographically separable complexes containing the TATA binding protein (TBP), which exhibit different functional properties, exist in HeLa cells. At least three distinct subpopulations o93178423 SWI5 instability may be necessary but is not sufficient for asymmetric HO expression in yeast. Tebb G; Moll T; Dowzer C; Nasmyth K Genes Dev 7: 517-28 (1993) Homothallic haploid yeast cells divide to produce a mother cell that switches mating type and a daughter cell that does not. This pattern is the result of HO endonuclease transcription exclusively in 93194069 Discrimination among potential activators of the beta-globin CACCC element by correlation of binding and transcriptional properties. Hartzog GA; Myers RM Mol Cell Biol 13: 44-56 (1993) Adult beta-globin-like promoters contain a cis-acting element, CCACACCC, that is conserved across species and is required for wild-type levels of transcription. We have studied the contribution of thi93109330 Molecular cloning and functional analysis of Drosophila TAF110 reveal properties expected of coactivators. Hoey T; Weinzierl RO; Gill G; Chen JL; Dynlacht BD; Tjian R Cell 72: 247-60 (1993) The general transcription factor TFIID is a multiprotein complex containing the TATA-binding protein and several associated factors (TAFs), some of which may function as coactivators that are essentia93145326 Identification of a transcriptional initiator element in the cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb promoter which binds to transcription factors NF-E1 (YY-1, delta) and Sp1. Basu A; Park K; Atchison ML; Carter RS; Avadhani NG J Biol Chem 268: 4188-96 (1993) We have mapped the basal promoter activity of the mouse cytochrome c oxidase (COX) subunit Vb gene to the -17 to +20 region which contains two putative ets binding sites flanking an NF-E1 site fused t93179424 The mechanism by which the human apolipoprotein B gene reducer operates involves blocking of transcriptional activation by hepatocyte nuclear factor 3. Paulweber B; Sandhofer F; Levy-Wilson B Mol Cell Biol 13: 1534-46 (1993) Previously, we showed that when a DNA fragment extending from -3067 to -2734 of the human apolipoprotein B (apo-B) gene is inserted immediately upstream of an apo-B promoter segment (-139 to +121), tr93180800 Human transcription factor USF stimulates transcription through the initiator elements of the HIV-1 and the Ad-ML promoters. Du H; Roy AL; Roeder RG EMBO J 12: 501-11 (1993) Earlier in vitro studies identified USF as a cellular factor which activates the adenovirus major late (Ad-ML) promoter by binding to an E-box motif located at position -60 with respect to the cap sit93178424 Heterodimer formation of cJun and ATF-2 is responsible for induction of c-jun by the 243 amino acid adenovirus E1A protein. van Dam H; Duyndam M; Rottier R; Bosch A; de Vries-Smits L; Herrlich P; Zantema A; Angel P; van der Eb AJ EMBO J 12: 479-87 (1993) The adenovirus E1A proteins differentially regulate AP-1-responsive genes. Collagenase and stromelysin are repressed by E1A, whereas the expression of c-jun is elevated. Inhibition of collagenase has 93178422 Sct1 functions in partnership with Cdc10 in a transcription complex that activates cell cycle START and inhibits differentiation. Caligiuri M; Beach D Cell 72: 607-19 (1993) A fission yeast cell cycle START gene has been identified, sct1. Loss of sct1 function results in cell cycle arrest at START and simultaneously in derepression of the mating pathway. sct1 therefore fu93177842 A nucleosome-dependent static loop potentiates estrogen-regulated transcription from the Xenopus vitellogenin B1 promoter in vitro. Schild C; Claret FX; Wahli W; Wolffe AP EMBO J 12: 423-33 (1993) We describe the transcriptional potentiation in estrogen responsive transcription extracts of the Xenopus vitellogenin B1 gene promoter through the formation of a positioned nucleosome. Nuclease diges93178416 Construction and characterization of a mercury-independent MerR activator (MerRAC): transcriptional activation in the absence of Hg(II) is accompanied by DNA distortion. Parkhill J; Ansari AZ; Wright JG; Brown NL; O'Halloran TV EMBO J 12: 413-21 (1993) The MeR regulatory protein of transposon Tn501 controls the expression of the mercury resistance (mer) genes in response to the concentration of mercuric ions. MerR is unique among prokaryotic regulat93178415 Overlapping binding sites of two different transcription factors in the promoter of the human gene for the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein. Pollwein P Biochem Biophys Res Commun 190: 637-47 (1993) A four- to fivefold overexpression of the gene for the Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein (APP) in individuals with Down's syndrome (DS) appears to be responsible for the fifty year earlier onset of 93151855 Mitotic repression of transcription in vitro. Hartl P; Gottesfeld J; Forbes DJ J Cell Biol 120: 613-24 (1993) A normal consequence of mitosis in eukaryotes is the repression of transcription. Using Xenopus egg extracts shifted to a mitotic state by the addition of purified cyclin, we have for the first time b93147114 Direct interaction of the tau 1 transactivation domain of the human glucocorticoid receptor with the basal transcriptional machinery. McEwan IJ; Wright AP; Dahlman-Wright K; Carlstedt-Duke J; Gustafsson JA Mol Cell Biol 13: 399-407 (1993) We have used a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell free transcription system to study protein-protein interactions involving the tau 1 transactivation domain of the human glucocorticoid receptor tha93109326 MCM1 binds to a transcriptional control element in Ty1. Errede B Mol Cell Biol 13: 57-62 (1993) Some Ty1 transposable-element insertion mutations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae activate adjacent-gene expression. These Ty1-activated genes are regulated similarly to certain mating genes. This report 93109343 Promoter and regulatory regions of the rat luteinizing hormone receptor gene. Tsai-Morris CH; Xie X; Wang W; Buczko E; Dufau ML J Biol Chem 268: 4447-52 (1993) The region of transcriptional activity in the rat luteinizing hormone receptor gene was localized to the 5'-flanking 173-base pair (bp) sequence in transfected mouse Leydig tumor cells and non-express93179457 Recognition of boxA antiterminator RNA by the E. coli antitermination factors NusB and ribosomal protein S10. Nodwell JR; Greenblatt J Cell 72: 261-8 (1993) The boxA sequences of the E. coli ribosomal RNA (rrn) operons are sufficient to cause RNA polymerase to read through Rho-dependent transcriptional terminators. We show that a complex of the transcript93145327 The human prointerleukin 1 beta gene requires DNA sequences both proximal and distal to the transcription start site for tissue-specific induction. Shirakawa F; Saito K; Bonagura CA; Galson DL; Fenton MJ; Webb AC; Auron PE Mol Cell Biol 13: 1332-44 (1993) In these studies, we have identified DNA sequences and specific protein interactions necessary for transcriptional regulation of the human prointerleukin 1 beta (proIL-1 beta) gene. A cell-type-indepe93180777 The Ets family of transcription factors. Wasylyk B; Hahn SL; Giovane A Eur J Biochem 211: 7-18 (1993) Interest in the Ets proteins has grown enormously over the last decade. The v-ets oncogene was originally discovered as part of a fusion protein expressed by a transforming retrovirus (avian E26), and93145976 cDNA cloning of transcription factor E4TF1 subunits with Ets and notch motifs. Watanabe H; Sawada J; Yano K; Yamaguchi K; Goto M; Handa H Mol Cell Biol 13: 1385-91 (1993) E4TF1 was originally identified as one of the transcription factors responsible for adenovirus E4 gene transcription. It is composed of two subunits, a DNA binding protein with a molecular mass of 60 93180783 Activation of heat shock gene transcription by heat shock factor 1 involves oligomerization, acquisition of DNA-binding activity, and nuclear localization and can occur in the absence of stress. Sarge KD; Murphy SP; Morimoto RI Mol Cell Biol 13: 1392-407 (1993) The existence of multiple heat shock factor (HSF) genes in higher eukaryotes has promoted questions regarding the functions of these HSF family members, especially with respect to the stress response.93180784 Oxidative injury rapidly activates the heat shock transcription factor but fails to increase levels of heat shock proteins. Bruce JL; Price BD; Coleman CN; Calderwood SK Cancer Res 53: 12-5 (1993) When cells are exposed to heat shock, heavy metals, amino acid analogues, and other stresses, the heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is activated. The HSF then binds to the promoter of the heat sho93105397 Wnt-1-inducing factor-1: a novel G/C box-binding transcription factor regulating the expression of Wnt-1 during neuroectodermal differentiation. St-Arnaud R; Moir JM Mol Cell Biol 13: 1590-8 (1993) The Wnt-1 proto-oncogene is essential for proper development of the midbrain and is expressed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner during central nervous system development in mice. In vitr93180806 Synergistic activation of transcription is mediated by the N-terminal domain of Drosophila fushi tarazu homeoprotein and can occur without DNA binding by the protein. Ananthan J; Baler R; Morrissey D; Zuo J; Lan Y; Weir M; Voellmy R Mol Cell Biol 13: 1599-609 (1993) Synergistic activation of transcription by Drosophila segmentation genes in tissue culture cells provides a model with which to study combinatorial regulation. We examined the synergistic activation o93180807 Effects of insertions and deletions in glnG (ntrC) of Escherichia coli on nitrogen regulator I-dependent DNA binding and transcriptional activation. Shiau SP; Chen P; Reitzer LJ J Bacteriol 175: 190-9 (1993) Phosphorylated nitrogen regulator I (NRI, also called NTRC), encoded by glnG (ntrC), stimulates transcription in Escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria from sites analogous to eukaryotic enhancer93106955 Functional analysis of developmentally regulated chromatin-hypersensitive domains carrying the alpha 1-fetoprotein gene promoter and the albumin/alpha 1-fetoprotein intergenic enhancer. Bernier D; Thomassin H; Allard D; Guertin M; Hamel D; Blaquiere M; Beauchemin M; LaRue H; Estable-Puig M; Belanger L Mol Cell Biol 13: 1619-33 (1993) During liver development, the tandem alpha 1-fetoprotein (AFP)/albumin locus is triggered at the AFP end and then asymmetrically enhanced; this is followed by autonomous repression of the AFP-encoding93180809 Mutational uncoupling of the transcriptional activation function of the TyrR protein of Escherichia coli K-12 from the repression function. Cui J; Somerville RL J Bacteriol 175: 303-6 (1993) The tyrosine repressor (TyrR) protein of Escherichia coli can function either as a transcriptional enhancer or as a repressor. The structural basis for these opposite effects was analyzed in specific 93106971 Ligand-dependent, Pit-1/growth hormone factor-1 (GHF-1)-independent transcriptional stimulation of rat growth hormone gene expression by thyroid hormone receptors in vitro. Suen CS; Chin WW Mol Cell Biol 13: 1719-27 (1993) The expression of the rat growth hormone (rGH) gene in the anterior pituitary gland is modulated by Pit-1/GHF-1, a pituitary-specific transcription factor, and by other more widely distributed factors93180819 A rat gene with sequence homology to the Drosophila gene hairy is rapidly induced by growth factors known to influence neuronal differentiation. Feder JN; Jan LY; Jan YN Mol Cell Biol 13: 105-13 (1993) Several genes encoding transcription factors with a helix-loop-helix (HLH) motif are involved in the early process of neural development in Drosophila spp. We report the isolation from the rat a homol93109293 A dosage-dependent suppressor of a temperature-sensitive calmodulin mutant encodes a protein related to the fork head family of DNA-binding proteins. Zhu G; Muller EG; Amacher SL; Northrop JL; Davis TN Mol Cell Biol 13: 1779-87 (1993) The cmd1-1 mutation of calmodulin causes temperature-sensitive growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have isolated a dosage-dependent suppressor of cmd1-1, designated HCM1. Twentyfold overexpression 93180825 Sperm-specific expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is mediated by a 91-base-pair promoter containing a CRE-like element. Howard T; Balogh R; Overbeek P; Bernstein KE Mol Cell Biol 13: 18-27 (1993) The gene encoding the testis isozyme of angiotensin-converting enzyme (testis ACE) is one example of the many genes expressed uniquely during spermatogenesis. This protein is expressed by developing g93109301 COUP-TF acts as a competitive repressor for estrogen receptor-mediated activation of the mouse lactoferrin gene. Liu Y; Yang N; Teng CT Mol Cell Biol 13: 1836-46 (1993) We previously demonstrated that the estrogen response module (mERM) of the mouse lactoferrin gene, which contains an overlapping chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF)- and93180831 Identification of cis and trans components of a novel heat shock stress regulatory pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Kobayashi N; McEntee K Mol Cell Biol 13: 248-56 (1993) The stress-responsive DDR2 gene (previously called DDRA2) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is transcribed at elevated levels following stress caused by heat shock or DNA damage. Previously, we identified a93109308 A human mitochondrial transcriptional activator can functionally replace a yeast mitochondrial HMG-box protein both in vivo and in vitro. Parisi MA; Xu B; Clayton DA Mol Cell Biol 13: 1951-61 (1993) Human mitochondrial transcription factor A is a 25-kDa protein that binds immediately upstream of the two major mitochondrial promoters, thereby leading to correct and efficient initiation of transcri93180844 Identification of a large bent DNA domain and binding sites for serum response factor adjacent to the NFI repeat cluster and enhancer region in the major IE94 promoter from simian cytomegalovirus. Chang YN; Jeang KT; Chiou CJ; Chan YJ; Pizzorno M; Hayward GS J Virol 67: 516-29 (1993) The major immediate-early (MIE) transactivator proteins of cytomegaloviruses (CMV) play a pivotal role in the initiation of virus-host cell interactions. Therefore, cis- and trans-acting factors influ93100836 Analysis of the adenovirus type 5 terminal protein precursor and DNA polymerase by linker insertion mutagenesis. Roovers DJ; van der Lee FM; van der Wees J; Sussenbach JS J Virol 67: 265-76 (1993) A series of adenovirus type 5 precursor terminal protein (pTP) and DNA polymerase (Ad pol) genes with linker insertion mutations were separately introduced into the vaccinia virus genome under the con93100805 Different TBP-associated factors are required for mediating the stimulation of transcription in vitro by the acidic transactivator GAL-VP16 and the two nonacidic activation functions of the estrogen rBrou C; Wu J; Ali S; Scheer E; Lang C; Davidson I; Chambon P; Tora L Nucleic Acids Res 21: 5-12 (1993) The estrogen receptor (ER) contains two nonacidic transcriptional activation functions, AF-1 and AF-2 (formerly TAF-1 and TAF-2). In this study we show that AF-1 and AF-2 are able to stimulate transcr93181180 A factor stimulating transcription of the testis-specific Pgk-2 gene recognizes a sequence similar to the binding site for a transcription inhibitor of the somatic-type Pgk-1 gene. Goto M; Masamune Y; Nakanishi Y Nucleic Acids Res 21: 209-14 (1993) The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) consists of two isozymes, somatic-type PGK-1 and testis-specific PGK-2. The isozyme switch from PGK-1 to PGK-2 occurs during spermatogenesis at the 93181193 Orientation and topography of RNA polymerase III in transcription complexes. Bartholomew B; Durkovich D; Kassavetis GA; Geiduschek EP Mol Cell Biol 13: 942-52 (1993) A photo-cross-linking method has been used to map the subunits of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase (Pol) III with respect to DNA in binary (preinitiation) and ternary (RNA-elongating) transcrip93140793 Enhancer-dependent transcription of the epsilon-globin promoter requires promoter-bound GATA-1 and enhancer-bound AP-1/NF-E2. Gong Q; Dean A Mol Cell Biol 13: 911-7 (1993) We analyzed epsilon-globin transcription in erythroid cells and in erythroid extracts to determine the requirements for enhancer-dependent expression of this gene. Mutations that abolished GATA-1 bind93140789 A new transcriptional-activation motif restricted to a class of helix-loop-helix proteins is functionally conserved in both yeast and mammalian cells. Quong MW; Massari ME; Zwart R; Murre C Mol Cell Biol 13: 792-800 (1993) Previous studies demonstrated that the amino-terminal portions of E2A and E2-2 are crucial for transactivation. Subsequent findings showed that the same amino-terminal region of E2A is involved in two93140777 Transcription regulation by murine B-myb is distinct from that by c-myb. Watson RJ; Robinson C; Lam EW Nucleic Acids Res 21: 267-72 (1993) The transcription regulatory properties of murine B-myb protein were compared to those of c-myb. Whereas c-Myb trans-activated an SV40 early promoter containing multiple copies of an upstream c-Myb DN93181201 Domain structure of a human general transcription initiation factor, TFIIF. Yonaha M; Aso T; Kobayashi Y; Vasavada H; Yasukochi Y; Weissman SM; Kitajima S Nucleic Acids Res 21: 273-9 (1993) The structural and functional domains of a general transcription initiation factor, TFIIF (RAP30/74, FC), have been investigated using various deletion mutants of each subunit, both in vivo and in vit93181202 Direct cleavage of human TATA-binding protein by poliovirus protease 3C in vivo and in vitro. Clark ME; Lieberman PM; Berk AJ; Dasgupta A Mol Cell Biol 13: 1232-7 (1993) Host cell RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcription is inhibited by poliovirus infection. This inhibition is correlated to a specific decrease in the activity of a chromatographic fraction whi93140761 A new serum-responsive, cardiac tissue-specific transcription factor that recognizes the MEF-2 site in the myosin light chain-2 promoter. Zhou MD; Goswami SK; Martin ME; Siddiqui MA Mol Cell Biol 13: 1222-31 (1993) We have identified a serum-responsive, cardiac tissue-specific transcription factor, BBF-1, that recognizes an AT-rich sequence (element B), identical to the myocyte enhancer factor (MEF-2) target sit93140760 Three in one and one in three: it all depends on TBP. Rigby PW Cell 72: 7-10 (1993) 93137330 The zinc finger transcription factor Egr-1 is essential for and restricts differentiation along the macrophage lineage. Nguyen HQ; Hoffman-Liebermann B; Liebermann DA Cell 72: 197-209 (1993) We have isolated cDNA clones of myeloid differentiation primary response (MyD) genes, activated in the absence of de novo protein synthesis following induction for differentiation along either the mac93145322 Effect of PU.1 phosphorylation on interaction with NF-EM5 and transcriptional activation. Pongubala JM; Van Beveren C; Nagulapalli S; Klemsz MJ; McKercher SR; Maki RA; Atchison ML Science 259: 1622-5 (1993) PU.1 recruits the binding of a second B cell-restricted nuclear factor, NF-EM5, to a DNA site in the immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer. DNA binding by NF-EM5 requires a protein-protein interaction with93206099 LH-2: a LIM/homeodomain gene expressed in developing lymphocytes and neural cells. Xu Y; Baldassare M; Fisher P; Rathbun G; Oltz EM; Yancopoulos GD; Jessell TM; Alt FW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 227-31 (1993) A screen for early markers of B-lymphocyte differentiation has identified a homeobox gene, denoted LH-2, that has a pattern of expression distinct from that of other related genes. The LH-2 cDNA seque93126348 The role of zinc fingers in transcriptional activation by transcription factor IIIA. Del Rio S; Setzer DR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 168-72 (1993) We have described elsewhere a number of the properties of a set of mutant forms of Xenopus transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) containing single amino acid substitutions that result in the structural d93126335 Reconstitution of Bacillus subtilis trp attenuation in vitro with TRAP, the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein. Babitzke P; Yanofsky C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 133-7 (1993) We have reconstituted Bacillus subtilis trp attenuation in vitro. Purification of the mtrB gene product (TRAP) to near homogeneity allowed us to demonstrate that addition of this protein plus L-trypto93126328 MtrB from Bacillus subtilis binds specifically to trp leader RNA in a tryptophan-dependent manner. Otridge J; Gollnick P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 128-32 (1993) MtrB regulates transcription attenuation of the Bacillus subtilis trp operon. We have shown that MtrB, either from B. subtilis or overexpressed in Escherichia coli, binds specifically to RNA from the 93126327 Requirement of an ETS-binding element for transcription of the human lck type I promoter. Leung S; McCracken S; Ghysdael J; Miyamoto NG Oncogene 8: 989-97 (1993) The requirement for cis-acting DNA sequences for transcriptional activity of the human lck type I promoter was investigated in two human cell lines that express type I transcripts, the leukemic T-cell93205415 Zinc in developmental biology: the role of metal dependent transcription regulation. Falchuk KH Prog Clin Biol Res 380: 91-111 (1993) 93205743 NF-IL6 represses early gene expression of human papillomavirus type 16 through binding to the noncoding region. Kyo S; Inoue M; Nishio Y; Nakanishi K; Akira S; Inoue H; Yutsudo M; Tanizawa O; Hakura A J Virol 67: 1058-66 (1993) The expression of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) early genes, including E6 and E7 transforming genes, is regulated by several cellular factors binding to the noncoding region (NCR), such as the 93124541 Involvement of immediate-early gene expression in the synergistic effects of steel factor in combination with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or interleukin-3 on proliferation of a huHorie M; Broxmeyer HE J Biol Chem 268: 968-73 (1993) Steel factor (SLF) synergizes with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or interleukin-3 (IL-3) to stimulate proliferation of human factor-dependent cell line, MO7e. To elucidate 93123310 Helix-loop-helix proteins as regulators of muscle-specific transcription. Edmondson DG; Olson EN J Biol Chem 268: 755-8 (1993) 93123277 RNA polymerase III. Genes, factors and transcriptional specificity. Willis IM Eur J Biochem 212: 1-11 (1993) Recent studies on RNA polymerase III (pol III) gene transcription have provided a new awareness of the molecular complexity of this process. Fortunately, while the number of transcription components h93185610 Contribution of sequences downstream of the TATA element to a protein-DNA complex containing the TATA-binding protein. Purnell BA; Gilmour DS Mol Cell Biol 13: 2593-603 (1993) A TATA complex that forms on the hsp70 promoter has been found to depend on sequence-specific interactions that occur at the transcription start and regions further downstream. The complex was detecte93205005 Nucleotide sequence and initial functional characterization of the clcR gene encoding a LysR family activator of the clcABD chlorocatechol operon in Pseudomonas putida. Coco WM; Rothmel RK; Henikoff S; Chakrabarty AM J Bacteriol 175: 417-27 (1993) The 3-chlorocatechol operon clcABD is central to the biodegradative pathway of 3-chlorobenzoate. The clcR regulatory gene, which activates the clcABD operon, was cloned from the region immediately ups93123160 Characterization of the factor E1BF from a rat hepatoma that modulates ribosomal RNA gene transcription and its relationship to the human Ku autoantigen. Hoff CM; Jacob ST Biochem Biophys Res Commun 190: 747-53 (1993) We have purified the DNA binding protein E1BF (Enhancer 1 Binding Factor) from the nuclei of Morris hepatoma 3924A. This protein, which consists of two polypeptides of 72 kDa and 85 kDa, binds to seve93176175 hMEF2C gene encodes skeletal muscle- and brain-specific transcription factors. McDermott JC; Cardoso MC; Yu YT; Andres V; Leifer D; Krainc D; Lipton SA; Nadal-Ginard B Mol Cell Biol 13: 2564-77 (1993) The myocyte enhancer-binding factor 2 (MEF2) site is an essential element of many muscle-specific enhancers and promoters that binds nuclear proteins from muscle and brain. Recently, we have cloned a 93205002 Genetic and biochemical analyses of yeast TATA-binding protein mutants. Poon D; Knittle RA; Sabelko KA; Yamamoto T; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG; Weil PA J Biol Chem 268: 5005-13 (1993) We have taken a combined genetic and biochemical approach to study TATA-binding protein (TBP) structure-function relationships. Using site-directed mutagenesis coupled with a screen for conditional le93186811 Convergent regulation of NF-IL6 and Oct-1 synthesis by interleukin-6 and retinoic acid signaling in embryonal carcinoma cells. Hsu W; Chen-Kiang S Mol Cell Biol 13: 2515-23 (1993) The nuclear signaling by the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been investigated in human embryonal carcinoma cells and T cells. We show that Oct-1, a ubiquitously expressed octamer-bindin93204997 Modulation of liver-specific transcription by interactions between hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 and nuclear factor 1 binding DNA in close apposition. Jackson DA; Rowader KE; Stevens K; Jiang C; Milos P; Zaret KS Mol Cell Biol 13: 2401-10 (1993) The liver-specific enhancer of the serum albumin gene contains an essential segment, designated eH, which binds the hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 alpha (HNF3 alpha) and ubiquitous nuclear factor 1/CCAAT93204986 Suppression of a cellular differentiation program by phorbol esters coincides with inhibition of binding of a cell-specific transcription factor (NF-E2) to an enhancer element required for expression Solomon WB; Lin CH; Palma J; Gao XY; Wu S J Biol Chem 268: 5089-96 (1993) Induction by hemin increases, while induction with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) represses, erythroid-specific gene expression in the human cell line K562. We analyzed the effects of hemi93186822 Cell-specific helix-loop-helix factor required for pituitary expression of the pro-opiomelanocortin gene. Therrien M; Drouin J Mol Cell Biol 13: 2342-53 (1993) Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing cells appear to be the first pituitary cells committed to hormone production. In this work, we have identified an element of the POMC promoter which confers cell93204980 Jun family members are controlled by a calcium-regulated, cyclosporin A-sensitive signaling pathway in activated T lymphocytes. Ullman KS; Northrop JP; Admon A; Crabtree GR Genes Dev 7: 188-96 (1993) The octamer-binding transcription factor Oct-1 is involved in a wide variety of cellular processes but appears to lack a strong transcriptional activation domain, suggesting that it functions in the c93170658 Physical and functional characterization of transcriptional control elements in the equine infectious anemia virus promoter. Carvalho M; Derse D J Virol 67: 2064-74 (1993) Equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) is a lentivirus that causes a chronic disease of horses characterized by cyclic episodes of fever, anemia, and viremia. Although the genome and promoter of EIAV a93188156 Protease treatment of nuclear extracts distinguishes between class II MHC X1 box DNA-binding proteins in wild-type and class II-deficient B cells. Hasegawa SL; Riley JL; Sloan JH 3d; Boss JM J Immunol 150: 1781-93 (1993) The X box region is critical for directing the expression of class II major histocompatibility complex genes in B lymphocytes. Although several class II promoter-specific DNA binding factors have been93171603 A protein-binding site with dyad symmetry in the long terminal repeat of the MCF13 murine leukemia virus that contributes to transcriptional activity in T lymphocytes. Yoshimura FK; Diem K; Chen H; Tupper J J Virol 67: 2298-304 (1993) We have previously identified regions in the long terminal repeat (LTR) of the MCF13 murine leukemia virus (MLV) that contribute to transcriptional activity in different cell types. We have observed t93188182 Factors (TAFs) required for activated transcription interact with TATA box-binding protein conserved core domain. Zhou Q; Boyer TG; Berk AJ Genes Dev 7: 180-7 (1993) TFIID is a multisubunit protein containing the TATA box-binding polypeptide (TBP) and associated factors (TFIID-TAFs) required for activated transcription by RNA polymerase II. TBPs from different euk93170657 Insertional mutagenesis in Neurospora crassa: cloning and molecular analysis of the preg+ gene controlling the activity of the transcriptional activator NUC-1. Kang S; Metzenberg RL Genetics 133: 193-202 (1993) The transcriptional activator NUC-1 controls the transcription of the genes for phosphorus acquisition enzymes, and its activity is regulated by the negative regulatory factors, PREG and PGOV In this 93170625 Mutations affecting the ability of Escherichia coli Lrp to bind DNA, activate transcription, or respond to leucine. Platko JV; Calvo JM J Bacteriol 175: 1110-7 (1993) Lrp is a regulatory protein in Escherichia coli that increases expression of some operons and decreases expression of others. Mutations in Lrp were isolated on the basis of their effects on ilvIH, one93163040 Isolation of a prokaryotic metallothionein locus and analysis of transcriptional control by trace metal ions. Huckle JW; Morby AP; Turner JS; Robinson NJ Mol Microbiol 7: 177-87 (1993) In eukaryotes, metallothioneins (MTs) are involved in cellular responses to elevated concentrations of certain metal ions. We report the isolation and analysis of a prokaryotic MT locus from Synechoco93188698 Regulation of transcription of genes required for fatty acid transport and unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli by FadR. DiRusso CC; Metzger AK; Heimert TL Mol Microbiol 7: 311-22 (1993) Fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation in Escherichia coli are co-ordinately regulated at the level of transcription by the product of the fadR gene, FadR. In the present work we investiga93188711 Synergistic induction of apoptosis with glucocorticoids and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate reveals agonist activity by RU 486. Gruol DJ; Altschmied J Mol Endocrinol 7: 104-13 (1993) Glucocorticoids induce a programmed cell death in immature murine T cells through a process that has been named apoptosis. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity contributes to this respon93188856 Characterization of two cis-acting DNA elements involved in the androgen regulation of the probasin gene. Rennie PS; Bruchovsky N; Leco KJ; Sheppard PC; McQueen SA; Cheng H; Snoek R; Hamel A; Bock ME; MacDonald BS; et al Mol Endocrinol 7: 23-36 (1993) The location and sequence of androgen responsive elements (AREs) in the 5'-flanking DNA of the androgen-regulated rat probasin (PB) gene were determined. The DNA- and steroid-binding domains of the ra93188861 Transcriptional activation of human zeta 2 globin promoter by the alpha globin regulatory element (HS-40): functional role of specific nuclear factor-DNA complexes. Zhang Q; Reddy PM; Yu CY; Bastiani C; Higgs D; Stamatoyannopoulos G; Papayannopoulou T; Shen CK Mol Cell Biol 13: 2298-308 (1993) We studied the functional interaction between human embryonic zeta 2 globin promoter and the alpha globin regulatory element (HS-40) located 40 kb upstream of the zeta 2 globin gene. It was shown by t93204975 Identification of a 3'-->5' exonuclease activity associated with human RNA polymerase II. Wang D; Hawley DK Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 843-7 (1993) Human RNA polymerase II is shown to be associated with a 3'-->5' exonuclease activity that removes nucleoside 5'-monophosphates from the 3' end of the transcripts in isolated ternary complexes. This a93157368 Attenuation of serum inducibility of immediate early genes by oncoproteins in tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Yu CL; Prochownik EV; Imperiale MJ; Jove R Mol Cell Biol 13: 2011-9 (1993) Immediate early genes involved in controlling cell proliferation are rapidly and transiently induced following stimulation of susceptible cells with serum. To study how oncoproteins regulate immediate93204947 Interspersion of an unusual GCN4 activation site with a complex transcriptional repression site in Ty2 elements of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Turkel S; Farabaugh PJ Mol Cell Biol 13: 2091-103 (1993) Transcription of the Ty2-917 retrotransposon of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is modulated by a complex set of positive and negative elements, including a negative region located within the first open read93204955 A selective transcriptional induction system for mammalian cells based on Gal4-estrogen receptor fusion proteins. Braselmann S; Graninger P; Busslinger M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 1657-61 (1993) Most mammalian cells neither express any Gal4-like activity nor endogenous estrogen receptor, thus rendering estrogen an inert signal for them. For these two reasons we have developed a selective indu93189557 Lrp, a global regulatory protein of Escherichia coli, binds co-operatively to multiple sites and activates transcription of ilvIH. Wang Q; Calvo JM J Mol Biol 229: 306-18 (1993) Lrp (Leucine-responsive regulatory protein) has recently been recognized as a major regulatory protein that controls the expression of many operons in Escherichia coli. Footprinting and gel retardatio93156044 Evidence for the involvement of at least two distinct transcription factors, one of which is liver-enriched, for the activation of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene promoter by cAMP. Roesler WJ; McFie PJ; Puttick DM J Biol Chem 268: 3791-6 (1993) A detailed analysis of the promoter sequence requirements for the cAMP induction of transcription of the gene for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP) (EC 4.1.1.32) was undertaken. It was determine93155242 Elongation factor SII-dependent transcription by RNA polymerase II through a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Reines D; Mote J Jr Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 1917-21 (1993) In eukaryotes the genetic material is contained within a coiled, protein-coated structure known as chromatin. RNA polymerases must recognize specific nucleoprotein assemblies and maintain contact with93189608 Repression and redirection of Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA synthesis from upstream of the transcriptional start site. Leveillard T; Kassavetis GA; Geiduschek EP J Biol Chem 268: 3594-603 (1993) Derivatives of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SUP4 tRNATyr gene with binding sites for the transcription regulatory protein GCN4 located upstream of the transcriptional start site have been constructed.93155214 Protein-DNA interactions in the epsilon-globin gene silencer. Peters B; Merezhinskaya N; Diffley JF; Noguchi CT J Biol Chem 268: 3430-7 (1993) The developmental control of expression of the human epsilon-globin gene appears to be mediated, at least in part, by a transcriptional silencer in the DNA 5' to the cap site of this gene. We have use93155191 Characterization of the nuclear and cytoplasmic components of the lymphoid-specific nuclear factor of activated T cells (NF-AT) complex. Northrop JP; Ullman KS; Crabtree GR J Biol Chem 268: 2917-23 (1993) The lymphoid-specific transcription complex, NF-AT, is involved in early gene activation in T cells and is assembled from a pre-existing, T cell restricted cytoplasmic factor and an inducible ubiquito93155114 Recruitment of vaccinia virus RNA polymerase to an early gene promoter by the viral early transcription factor. Li J; Broyles SS J Biol Chem 268: 2773-80 (1993) Transcription of vaccinia virus early genes in vitro requires the virally encoded RNA polymerase and early transcription factor, VETF. VETF is a promoter-binding protein with DNA-dependent ATPase acti93155094 CDC39, an essential nuclear protein that negatively regulates transcription and differentially affects the constitutive and inducible HIS3 promoters. Collart MA; Struhl K EMBO J 12: 177-86 (1993) The yeast HIS3 promoter region contains two functionally distinct TATA elements, TC and TR, that are responsible respectively for initiation from the +1 and +13 sites. Both TC and TR support basal HIS93154319 Oct-2 facilitates functional preinitiation complex assembly and is continuously required at the promoter for multiple rounds of transcription. Arnosti DN; Merino A; Reinberg D; Schaffner W EMBO J 12: 157-66 (1993) Octamer factor 2 (Oct-2, OTF-2, NF-A2) is an 'upstream' promoter factor that binds to the octamer motif (ATGCAAAT) implicated in control of immunoglobulin gene transcription in B-lymphocytes. We have 93154316 Estradiol-inducible squelching and cell growth arrest by a chimeric VP16-estrogen receptor expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: suppression by an allele of PDR1. Gilbert DM; Heery DM; Losson R; Chambon P; Lemoine Y Mol Cell Biol 13: 462-72 (1993) We have constructed and characterized a flexible system for analyzing the phenomenon of squelching and estrogen receptor function in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The A/B region of the human est93109333 Identity of GABP with NRF-2, a multisubunit activator of cytochrome oxidase expression, reveals a cellular role for an ETS domain activator of viral promoters. Virbasius JV; Virbasius CA; Scarpulla RC Genes Dev 7: 380-92 (1993) The ETS domain proteins are a diverse family of transcriptional activators that have been implicated recently in the expression of a number of cell-specific and viral promoters. Nuclear respiratory fa93194058 Developmental regulation and tissue distribution of the liver transcription factor LFB1 (HNF1) in Xenopus laevis. Bartkowski S; Zapp D; Weber H; Eberle G; Zoidl C; Senkel S; Klein-Hitpass L; Ryffel GU Mol Cell Biol 13: 421-31 (1993) The transcription factor LFB1 (HNF1) was initially identified as a regulator of liver-specific gene expression in mammals. It interacts with the promoter element HP1, which is functionally conserved b93109328 Human JC virus perfect palindromic nuclear factor 1-binding sequences important for glial cell-specific expression in differentiating embryonal carcinoma cells. Kumar KU; Pater A; Pater MM J Virol 67: 572-6 (1993) The brain cell specificity of the human papovavirus JC virus was examined by site-directed mutagenesis of the nuclear factor 1 (NF1) motifs within the viral regulatory region. The NF1 motif sites, loc93100845 Transcriptional activation by simian virus 40 large T antigen: interactions with multiple components of the transcription complex. Gruda MC; Zabolotny JM; Xiao JH; Davidson I; Alwine JC Mol Cell Biol 13: 961-9 (1993) Simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen is a potent transcriptional activator of both viral and cellular promoters. Within the SV40 late promoter, a specific upstream element necessary for T-antigen tr93140795 Differential positive control by Oct-1 and Oct-2: activation of a transcriptionally silent motif through Oct-1 and VP16 corecruitment. Cleary MA; Stern S; Tanaka M; Herr W Genes Dev 7: 72-83 (1993) Transcriptional regulation by the ubiquitous human POU homeo domain protein Oct-1 and the related B-cell protein Oct-2 is a model for understanding how proteins that recognize the same regulatory site93138389 A mutational analysis of the structural basis for transcriptional activation and monomer-monomer interaction in the TyrR system of Escherichia coli K-12. Cui J; Somerville RL J Bacteriol 175: 1777-84 (1993) In response to the binding of tyrosine or phenylalanine, the TyrR protein (513 amino acids) activates certain promoters and represses others. In a previous study (J. Cui and R. L. Somerville, J. Bacte93194803 Analysis of the SW14/SW16 protein complex, which directs G1/S-specific transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sidorova J; Breeden L Mol Cell Biol 13: 1069-77 (1993) SWI4 and SWI6 play a crucial role in START-specific transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. SWI4 and SWI6 form a specific complex on the SCB (SWI4/6-dependent cell cycle box) sequences which have b93140745 Role of myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor (MEF-2) in transcriptional regulation of the alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain gene. Adolph EA; Subramaniam A; Cserjesi P; Olson EN; Robbins J J Biol Chem 268: 5349-52 (1993) The intergenic region between the mouse alpha-cardiac myosin heavy chain and beta-myosin heavy chain genes has previously been shown to direct expression of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransfe93194819 Transcriptional regulation of the pyruvate kinase erythroid-specific promoter. Max-Audit I; Eleouet JF; Romeo PH J Biol Chem 268: 5431-7 (1993) Mammal pyruvate kinases are encoded by two genes. The L gene produces the erythroid (R-PK) or the hepatic (L-PK) isozymes by the alternative use of two promoters. We report the characterization of the93194832 Antineoplastic agent doxorubicin inhibits myogenic differentiation of C2 myoblasts. Kurabayashi M; Jeyaseelan R; Kedes L J Biol Chem 268: 5524-9 (1993) Doxorubicin (Dox, adriamycin), an antineoplastic agent that can cause dilated cardiomyopathy, selectively inhibits muscle-specific gene expression in rodent cardiac muscle cells. This study shows that93194845 TSF3, a global regulatory protein that silences transcription of yeast GAL genes, also mediates repression by alpha 2 repressor and is identical to SIN4. Chen S; West RW Jr; Johnson SL; Gans H; Kruger B; Ma J Mol Cell Biol 13: 831-40 (1993) TSF3 encodes one of six (TSF1 to TSF6) recently identified global negative regulators of transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutant tsf3 strains exhibit defects in transcriptional silencing of 93140781 Human casein kinase II. The subunit alpha protein activates transcription of the subunit beta gene. Robitzki A; Bodenbach L; Voss H; Pyerin W J Biol Chem 268: 5694-702 (1993) Casein kinase II (CKII), an ubiquitous serine/threonine protein kinase in control of a variety of crucial cellular functions, is composed of catalytic subunits (alpha and alpha') and regulatory subuni93194867 Direct interaction between the transcriptional activation domain of human p53 and the TATA box-binding protein. Truant R; Xiao H; Ingles CJ; Greenblatt J J Biol Chem 268: 2284-7 (1993) The human p53 tumor suppressor gene product can activate transcription by RNA polymerase II in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, as well as in human cells. Several viral transcriptional activator p93155022 Sex-specific transcriptional regulation by the male and female doublesex proteins of Drosophila. Coschigano KT; Wensink PC Genes Dev 7: 42-54 (1993) The somatic sexual phenotype of Drosophila is regulated by the sexual differentiation pathway. Male (DSXM) and female (DSXF) proteins encoded by doublesex (dsx), a gene at the end of this pathway, bin93138387 Zinc finger mutations that alter domain interactions in the glucocorticoid receptor. Zandi E; Galli I; Dobbeling U; Rusconi S J Mol Biol 230: 124-36 (1993) The DNA binding domain of steroid receptors coincides with the cysteine-rich region encompassing the two conserved zinc fingers. In the case of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a weak transactivation93195921 Analysis of transcriptional stimulation by recombinant Oct proteins in a cell-free system. Annweiler A; Zwilling S; Hipskind RA; Wirth T J Biol Chem 268: 2525-34 (1993) The transactivation potential of several isoforms of the lymphoid-specific transcription factor Oct2 has been analyzed using in vitro transcription. Oct2 can stimulate transcription in B-cell nuclear 93155060 Transcription. The omnipotent nucleosome [news] van Holde K Nature 362: 111-2 (1993) 93196691 Exogenous, but not endogenous, glucocorticoid receptor induces glutamine synthetase gene expression in early stage embryonic retina. Zhang H; Young AP J Biol Chem 268: 2850-6 (1993) Although glucocorticoid receptors are present throughout retinal development, the chicken glutamine synthetase (GS) gene becomes hormonally inducible between embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5) and E8. In this r93155104 Role of the sigma 70 subunit of RNA polymerase in transcriptional activation by activator protein PhoB in Escherichia coli. Makino K; Amemura M; Kim SK; Nakata A; Shinagawa H Genes Dev 7: 149-60 (1993) Transcription of the genes belonging to the phosphate (pho) regulon in Escherichia coli, which are induced by phosphate starvation, requires the specific activator protein PhoB in addition to the RNA 93138384 Transcription factor IIA stimulates the expression of classical polIII-genes. Meissner W; Holland R; Waldschmidt R; Seifart KH Nucleic Acids Res 21: 1013-8 (1993) Protein fractions containing TFIIA, a transcription factor known to be involved in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II and 5'-regulated polymerase III genes (e.g. U6), were tested for their 93197122 Promoter elements and transcriptional regulation of the acetylcholinesterase gene. Ekstrom TJ; Klump WM; Getman D; Karin M; Taylor P DNA Cell Biol 12: 63-72 (1993) The 5' region of the acetylcholinesterase gene from the electric ray Torpedo californica has been cloned and its cap site identified. The 5' untranslated region is divided into two exons where a small93135829 A unique mitigator sequence determines the species specificity of the major late promoter in adenovirus type 12 DNA. Zock C; Iselt A; Doerfler W J Virol 67: 682-93 (1993) Human adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) cannot replicate in hamster cells, whereas human cells are permissive for Ad12. Ad12 DNA replication and late-gene and virus-associated RNA expression are blocked in ha93124560 Involvement of Alu sequences in the cell-specific regulation of transcription of the gamma chain of Fc and T cell receptors. Brini AT; Lee GM; Kinet JP J Biol Chem 268: 1355-61 (1993) The Fc epsilon RI-gamma chains are expressed in a variety of hematopoietic cells where they play a critical role in signal transduction. They are part of the high affinity IgE receptor in mast cells, 93123257 IGH minisatellite suppression of USF-binding-site- and E mu-mediated transcriptional activation of the adenovirus major late promoter. Trepicchio WL; Krontiris TG Nucleic Acids Res 21: 977-85 (1993) The 50bp repeat unit of the minisatellite within the DH-JH interval of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain locus binds a nuclear factor present in a wide variety of cell types. The binding site conta93197165 Cells in stress: transcriptional activation of heat shock genes. Morimoto RI Science 259: 1409-10 (1993) 93197886 Deficiency in rhabdomyosarcomas of a factor required for MyoD activity and myogenesis. Tapscott SJ; Thayer MJ; Weintraub H Science 259: 1450-3 (1993) Rhabdomyosarcoma cells express the myogenic helix-loop-helix proteins of the MyoD family but do not differentiate into skeletal muscle cells. Gel shift and transient transfection assays revealed that 93197891 Liver-specific expression of human insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1: functional role of transcription factor HNF1 in vivo. Babajko S; Tronche F; Groyer A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 272-6 (1993) Tissue-specific expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1) in the liver has been studied using differentiated (H4II and C2Rev7) and dedifferentiated (H5 and C2) rat hepatoma 93126358 TATA box-mediated in vitro transcription by RNA polymerase III. Evidence for TATA-binding protein in a polymerase III type complex. Mitchell MT; Benfield PA J Biol Chem 268: 1141-50 (1993) We have shown previously that under specific conditions, a TATA box will mediate efficient in vitro transcription by RNA polymerase (pol) III in the absence of a PSE or other promoter elements. The re93123226 Regulation of transcription by the retinoblastoma protein. Horowitz JM Genes Chromosom Cancer 6: 124-31 (1993) The product of the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) is believed to function as a negative regulator of cell growth. Recent experimental results suggest that RB1 may exert its growth-suppressing activity by r93200050 Regulation of the human hsp70 promoter by p53. Agoff SN; Hou J; Linzer DI; Wu B Science 259: 84-7 (1993) The tumor suppressor p53 is a nuclear phosphoprotein with characteristics of a transcription factor. It displays sequence-specific DNA binding, contains a potent transactivation domain, and has been i93117856 MK801 induces immediate-early gene proteins and BDNF mRNA in rat cerebrocortical neurones. Hughes P; Dragunow M; Beilharz E; Lawlor P; Gluckman P Neuroreport 4: 183-6 (1993) Recent studies have shown that MK801, a potent phencyclidine receptor ligand, causes pathomorphological changes in rat cerebrocortical neurones. Here we report that doses of MK801 (1 and 5 mg kg-1) wh93200447 The role of c-myc in cell growth. Evan GI; Littlewood TD Curr Opin Genet Dev 3: 44-9 (1993) Recent experiments have established that the c-myc oncogene encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts with a specific intracellular partner, Max, and probably manifests its effect93200773 Phosphorylation of an acid-soluble nuclear protein in response to catecholamine in cultured rat cardiocytes. Chen JJ; Liew CC Biochem Biophys Res Commun 190: 754-9 (1993) Effect of norepinephrine on the phosphorylation of nuclear proteins was examined in cultured rat cardiocytes. Differential effects of phorbol esters, endothelin and platelet activating factor on the p93176176 A dominant truncation allele identifies a gene, STE20, that encodes a putative protein kinase necessary for mating in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ramer SW; Davis RW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 452-6 (1993) This work reports the identification, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of STE20, a newly discovered gene involved in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating response pathway, to date one of the b93133807 Herpesviruses: expression of genes in postmitotic brain cells. Geller AI Curr Opin Genet Dev 3: 81-5 (1993) Gene transfer into neural cells in the adult mammalian brain using vectors derived from the herpes simplex virus HSV-1 has great promise both for elucidating neuronal physiology and brain mechanisms, 93200779 Function of the S. cerevisiae DST1/PPR2 gene in transcription elongation [letter] Kipling D; Kearsey SE Cell 72: 12 (1993) 93137318 RNA polymerase marching backward. Kassavetis GA; Geiduschek EP Science 259: 944-5 (1993) 93174257 Regulation of Xenopus c-myc promoter activity in oocytes and embryos. Modak SP; Principaud E; Spohr G Oncogene 8: 645-54 (1993) We have studied the regulation of transcription of the Xenopus c-myc I gene in oocytes and embryos. Various 5' and internal deletions of a 1310-bp-long c-myc I promoter fragment have been ligated upst93173507 C-terminal truncation of the transcriptional activator encoded by areA in Aspergillus nidulans results in both loss-of-function and gain-of-function phenotypes. Stankovich M; Platt A; Caddick MX; Langdon T; Shaffer PM; Arst HN Jr Mol Microbiol 7: 81-7 (1993) Mutations truncating as many as 143 C-terminal residues from the transcriptional activator encoded by the areA gene, mediating nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans, do not significan93172964 Regulation of the human papillomavirus type 11 E6 promoter by viral and host transcription factors in primary human keratinocytes. Dollard SC; Broker TR; Chow LT J Virol 67: 1721-6 (1993) Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11 is strictly trophic for epithelial cells and induces benign condylomata of the external genitalia and also causes laryngeal papillomas. Primary keratinocytes are the93172400 Activating transcription factor-1 can mediate Ca(2+)- and cAMP-inducible transcriptional activation. Liu F; Thompson MA; Wagner S; Greenberg ME; Green MR J Biol Chem 268: 6714-20 (1993) Increased intracellular cAMP and Ca2+ levels can activate transcription of a number of eukaryotic genes through a common promoter element, the cAMP/Ca2+ response element. This element is the binding s93203274 The bovine papillomavirus origin of replication requires a binding site for the E2 transcriptional activator. Ustav E; Ustav M; Szymanski P; Stenlund A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 898-902 (1993) The bovine papillomavirus type I transcriptional activator E2 is essential for replication of bovine papillomavirus DNA, yet most of the high-affinity binding sites for E2 are dispensable. Here we dem93157379 Additive induction of Egr-1 (zif/268) mRNA expression in neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells via cholinergic muscarinic, alpha 2-adrenergic, and bradykinin receptors. Katayama N; Iwata E; Sakurai H; Tsuchiya T; Tsuda M J Neurochem 60: 902-7 (1993) Administration of carbachol, noradrenaline, and bradykinin induced Egr-1 mRNA expression within 1 h in mouse neuroblastoma x rat glioma hybrid NG108-15 cells. With specific receptor antagonists, the E93171922 Initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II: a multi-step process. Zawel L; Reinberg D Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 44: 67-108 (1993) 93165965 Participation of RAP1 protein in expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae arginase (CAR1) gene. Kovari LZ; Kovari I; Cooper TG J Bacteriol 175: 941-51 (1993) Regulated expression of the inducible arginase (CAR1) gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been shown to require three upstream activation sequences (UASs) and an upstream repression sequence, URS1. T93163058 Cloning, sequencing, and genetic characterization of regulatory genes, rinA and rinB, required for the activation of staphylococcal phage phi 11 int expression. Ye ZH; Lee CY J Bacteriol 175: 1095-102 (1993) The int gene of staphylococcal bacteriophage phi 11 is the only viral gene responsible for the integrative recombination of phi 11. To study the regulation of int gene expression, we determined the 5'93163038 Characterization of environmental regulators of Bordetella pertussis. Melton AR; Weiss AA Infect Immun 61: 807-15 (1993) Bordetella pertussis suppresses transcription of its virulence genes in response to specific environmental conditions, a response called modulation. The organism responds to high concentrations of SO493162817 Nucleosome displacement in transcription. Adams CC; Workman JL Cell 72: 305-8 (1993) 93161407 OHP1: a maize basic domain/leucine zipper protein that interacts with opaque2. Pysh LD; Aukerman MJ; Schmidt RJ Plant Cell 5: 227-36 (1993) OPAQUE2 (O2) is a regulatory gene that predominantly affects the expression of the 22-kD class of zein storage protein genes at the level of transcription. The O2 gene encodes a polypeptide belonging 93200807 DNA tumor virus transforming proteins and the cell cycle. Moran E Curr Opin Genet Dev 3: 63-70 (1993) Studies using the transforming proteins of the small DNA tumor viruses point to the role of the E2F cellular transcription factor in regulating cell cycle specific gene expression. The evidence derive93200777 Inhibition of estrogen-responsive gene activation by the retinoid X receptor beta: evidence for multiple inhibitory pathways. Segars JH; Marks MS; Hirschfeld S; Driggers PH; Martinez E; Grippo JF; Wahli W; Ozato K Mol Cell Biol 13: 2258-68 (1993) The retinoid X receptor beta (RXR beta; H-2RIIBP) forms heterodimers with various nuclear hormone receptors and binds multiple hormone response elements, including the estrogen response element (ERE).93204971 TNF-alpha response of human monocyte-derived macrophages to Mycobacterium avium, serovar 4, is of brief duration and protein kinase C dependent. Gan H; Newman G; McCarthy PL; Remold HG J Immunol 150: 2892-900 (1993) Human monocyte-derived macrophages (M phi) from the majority of normal donors respond to inoculation with Mycobacterium avium, serotype 4, (MAI) by elaboration of the inflammatory monokines TNF-alpha,93203609 Retinoblastoma protein and the cell cycle. Hollingsworth RE Jr; Hensey CE; Lee WH Curr Opin Genet Dev 3: 55-62 (1993) Deregulation of the cell cycle may contribute one of the primary mechanisms through which cancer arises. Eukaryotic cell division has been found to be a strictly controlled process, involving response93200776 Cell type- and stage-specific expression of the CD20/B1 antigen correlates with the activity of a diverged octamer DNA motif present in its promoter. Thevenin C; Lucas BP; Kozlow EJ; Kehrl JH J Biol Chem 268: 5949-56 (1993) The CD20(B1) gene encodes a B cell-specific protein involved in the regulation of human B cell proliferation and differentiation. Studies with 5' deletion CD20 promoter-CAT constructs have previously 93194904 The human Oct-6 POU transcription factor lacks the first 50 amino acids of its murine counterpart. Tobler A; Schreiber E; Fontana A Nucleic Acids Res 21: 1043 (1993) 93197134 Enantioselective activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor. Boie Y; Adam M; Rushmore TH; Kennedy BP J Biol Chem 268: 5530-4 (1993) A cell-based transactivation assay was established using the mouse full-length peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) cDNA sequence and the positive peroxisome proliferator-responsive regul93194846 Ribosomal protein S1 and NusA protein complexed to recombination protein beta of phage lambda. Venkatesh TV; Radding CM J Bacteriol 175: 1844-6 (1993) The red genes of bacteriophage lambda specify two proteins, exonuclease and beta protein, which are essential for general recombination of lambda in recA cells. Earlier studies suggested that these pr93194812 Mammalian transcription factor PBP. Characterization of its binding properties to the proximal sequence element of U6 genes. Wanandi I; Waldschmidt R; Seifart KH J Biol Chem 268: 6629-40 (1993) The DNA binding properties of human transcription factor PBP, which specifically binds to the proximal sequence element of mammalian U6 genes and which plays a pivotal role during their transcription,93203263 In vitro activation of the transcription factor ISGF3 by interferon alpha involves a membrane-associated tyrosine phosphatase and tyrosine kinase. David M; Romero G; Zhang ZY; Dixon JE; Larner AC J Biol Chem 268: 6593-9 (1993) Interaction of interferon alpha (IFN alpha) with its cell surface receptor rapidly activates the formation of the transcription complex ISGF3, which subsequently translocates to the nucleus and stimul93203258 CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-related proteins bind to the unusual promoter of the aspartate aminotransferase housekeeping gene. Garlatti M; Tchesnokov V; Daheshia M; Feilleux-Duche S; Hanoune J; Aggerbeck M; Barouki R J Biol Chem 268: 6567-74 (1993) The cytosolic aspartate aminotransferase (cAspAT) gene is ubiquitously expressed but it is regulated by hormones in a tissue-specific manner. In vitro DNase I footprinting studies of a 260-base pair f93203254 Purification of the cellular C1 factor required for the stable recognition of the Oct-1 homeodomain by the herpes simplex virus alpha-trans-induction factor (VP16). Kristie TM; Sharp PA J Biol Chem 268: 6525-34 (1993) The assembly of specific multiprotein complexes on the herpes simplex virus alpha/IE (immediate early) enhancer elements requires the interactions of the Oct-1 POU homeodomain, the viral alpha TIF (al93203248 Differential gene expression in fetal mouse germ cells. Urven LE; Weng DE; Schumaker AL; Gearhart JD; McCarrey JR Biol Reprod 48: 564-74 (1993) We have constructed cDNA libraries representing transcripts from purified populations of germ cells and of somatic cells, isolated from fetal mouse gonads at 12.5 days postcoitum (dpc). We have used t93200267 Nuclear signaling by interleukin-6. Chen-Kiang S; Hsu W; Natkunam Y; Zhang X Curr Opin Immunol 5: 124-8 (1993) The molecular analysis of the regulation of nuclear proteins induced by interleukin-6 has provided new insights into this largely unknown signal transduction pathway. Transcription factors of the CCAA93199714 CpG methylation inactivates the promoter activity of the human retinoblastoma tumor-suppressor gene. Ohtani-Fujita N; Fujita T; Aoike A; Osifchin NE; Robbins PD; Sakai T Oncogene 8: 1063-7 (1993) Cytosine methylation of CpG sites in the promoter region of eucaryotic genes is involved in the inactivation of expression of certain genes. Given that methylation can lead to reduced transcription, i93205386 Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 regulates E2F and contributes to mitogenic signalling. Morris JD; Crook T; Bandara LR; Davies R; LaThangue NB; Vousden KH Oncogene 8: 893-8 (1993) We have produced human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein in a bacterial expression system and examined the mitogenic activity of this protein in Swiss 3T3 cells after scrape loading. The ability of E793205403 Regulation of MHC gene expression. Ting JP; Baldwin AS Curr Opin Immunol 5: 8-16 (1993) This review focuses on recent progress made in MHC regulation. The better characterization of proteins that interact with MHC class I and II promoters and the isolation of genes encoding several of th93199727 Competition between transcription factors HNF1 and HNF3, and alternative cell-specific activation by DBP and C/EBP contribute to the regulation of the liver-specific aldolase B promoter. Gregori C; Kahn A; Pichard AL Nucleic Acids Res 21: 897-903 (1993) The aldolase B proximal promoter is controlled by at least five elements spanning from -190 to -103 bp with respect to the start site of transcription. From 5' to 3', we found: a negative DE element, 93197155 Molecular analysis of the nerve growth factor inducible ornithine decarboxylase gene in PC12 cells. Muller SR; Huff SY; Goode BL; Marschall L; Chang J; Feinstein SC J Neurosci Res 34: 304-14 (1993) In an effort to understand molecular mechanisms by which nerve growth factor (NGF) regulates gene expression, we have isolated a full-length rat cDNA clone encoding ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and u93204198 Regulating genes by packaging domains: bits of heterochromatin in euchromatin? Shaffer CD; Wallrath LL; Elgin SC Trends Genet 9: 35-7 (1993) 93206356 Human hnRNP protein A1 gene expression. Structural and functional characterization of the promoter. Biamonti G; Bassi MT; Cartegni L; Mechta F; Buvoli M; Cobianchi F; Riva S J Mol Biol 230: 77-89 (1993) hnRNP protein A1 (34 kDa, pl 9.5) is a prominent member of the family of proteins (hnRNP proteins) that associate with the nascent transcripts of RNA polymerase II and that accompany the hnRNA through93195947 The POU-domain protein Oct-1 is widely expressed in adult rat organs. Kambe F; Tsukahara S; Kato T; Seo H Biochim Biophys Acta 1171: 307-10 (1993) The cDNA encoding a rat Oct-1 POU-domain was cloned by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method and subsequently Oct-1 mRNA expression was investigated. Our results show that the POU93144344 Induction of a tomato anionic peroxidase gene (tap1) by wounding in transgenic tobacco and activation of tap1/GUS and tap2/GUS chimeric gene fusions in transgenic tobacco by wounding and pathogen attaMohan R; Bajar AM; Kolattukudy PE Plant Mol Biol 21: 341-54 (1993) The anionic peroxidase genes of tomato, tap1 and tap2, are induced by wounding in tomato fruits and by elicitor treatment in cell suspension cultures. These homologous genes code for anionic peroxidas93144708 Cloning and expression of human TAFII250: a TBP-associated factor implicated in cell-cycle regulation. Ruppert S; Wang EH; Tjian R Nature 362: 175-9 (1993) Basal transcription by human RNA polymerase II requires the coordinate action of several ancillary factors (TFIIA-J) and can be regulated by various promoter-specific DNA binding proteins. An addition93196704 The adenovirus DNA binding protein effects the kinetics of DNA replication by a mechanism distinct from NFI or Oct-1. Mul YM; van der Vliet PC Nucleic Acids Res 21: 641-7 (1993) Initiation of adenovirus DNA replication in vitro minimally requires the viral TP-DNA template and the precursor terminal protein-DNA polymerase heterodimer (pTP-pol). Optimal initiation occurs in the93181259 Two cis-DNA elements involved in myeloid-cell-specific expression and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) activation of the human high-affinity Fc gamma receptor gene: a novel IFN regulatory mechanism. Perez C; Wietzerbin J; Benech PD Mol Cell Biol 13: 2182-92 (1993) The human high-affinity receptor for the constant region of immunoglobulin G (human Fc gamma R1) is encoded by two mRNAs induced selectively by gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and expressed in cells of m93204964 The octamer binding site in the HPV16 regulatory region produces opposite effects on gene expression in cervical and non-cervical cells. Morris PJ; Dent CL; Ring CJ; Latchman DS Nucleic Acids Res 21: 1019-23 (1993) The upstream regulatory region (URR) of the tumorigenic human papillomaviruses HPV 16 and 18 contains an octamer binding site which is located adjacent to a binding site for the ubiquitous transcripti93197123 The p250 subunit of native TATA box-binding factor TFIID is the cell-cycle regulatory protein CCG1. Hisatake K; Hasegawa S; Takada R; Nakatani Y; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Nature 362: 179-81 (1993) The protein TFIID is a general transcription factor which initiates preinitiation complex assembly through direct interaction with the TATA promoter element. It is a multisubunit complex containing a 93196705 Transcription activation by nuclear receptors. Gronemeyer H J Recept Res 13: 667-91 (1993) Nuclear receptors constitute a superfamily of ligand-inducible transcription factors which respond to endocrine, paracrine and, possibly, autocrine signals. Multiple regulatory mechanisms assure that 93195856 A genetic analysis of various functions of the TyrR protein of Escherichia coli. Yang J; Ganesan S; Sarsero J; Pittard AJ J Bacteriol 175: 1767-76 (1993) The TyrR protein is involved in both repression and activation of the genes of the TyrR regulon. Correction of an error in a previously published sequence has revealed a Cro-like helix-turn-helix DNA-93194802 Stimulus-selective induction of CRABP-II mRNA: a marker for retinoic acid action in human skin. Elder JT; Cromie MA; Griffiths CE; Chambon P; Voorhees JJ J Invest Dermatol 100: 356-9 (1993) Acute topical treatment of human skin with retinoic acid (RA) results in a pleiotropic response, some aspects of which are mimicked by non-specific irritants. To identify reliable cutaneous markers of93203656 The identification of elements determining the different DNA binding specificities of the MADS box proteins p67SRF and RSRFC4. Sharrocks AD; von Hesler F; Shaw PE Nucleic Acids Res 21: 215-21 (1993) The human transcription factors p67SRF and RSRFC4 recognise similar but distinct binding sites which are found in the promoters of both muscle-specific and 'immediate early' genes. Both proteins share93181194 Recognition of the Xenopus ribosomal core promoter by the transcription factor xUBF involves multiple HMG box domains and leads to an xUBF interdomain interaction. Leblanc B; Read C; Moss T EMBO J 12: 513-25 (1993) The interaction of the ribosomal transcription factor xUBF with the RNA polymerase I core promoter of Xenopus laevis has been studied both at the DNA and protein levels. It is shown that a single xUBF93178425 Expression of tal-1 and GATA-binding proteins during human hematopoiesis. Mouthon MA; Bernard O; Mitjavila MT; Romeo PH; Vainchenker W; Mathieu-Mahul D Blood 81: 647-55 (1993) Tal-1 rearrangements are associated with nearly 30% of human T acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Tal-1 gene encodes a putative transcription factor with a basic helix-loop-helix domain and is known to be 93152834 Interaction of six global transcription regulators in expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in Escherichia coli K-12. Compan I; Touati D J Bacteriol 175: 1687-96 (1993) Transcription of the sodA gene of Escherichia coli, which encodes manganese superoxide dismutase, is governed by six global regulators: the product of the soxRS locus (superoxide response) and mutated93194794 Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the positive regulator (DmpR) of the phenol catabolic pathway encoded by pVI150 and identification of DmpR as a member of the NtrC family of transcShingler V; Bartilson M; Moore T J Bacteriol 175: 1596-604 (1993) The catabolic plasmid pVI150 of Pseudomonas sp. strain CF600 encodes all the genetic information required for the regulated metabolism of phenol and some of its methyl-substituted derivatives. The str93194783 The sequence of 5' flanking DNA from the rat preprotachykinin gene; analysis of putative transcription factor binding sites. Chapman K; Lyons V; Harmar AJ Biochim Biophys Acta 1172: 361-3 (1993) The rat preprotachykinin A (rPPT-A) gene is expressed in restricted populations of neurons and endocrine cells, including a subset of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. As part of a study to investig93192337 Synthetic human beta-globin 5'HS2 constructs function as locus control regions only in multicopy transgene concatamers. Ellis J; Talbot D; Dillon N; Grosveld F EMBO J 12: 127-34 (1993) Transgenes linked to the beta-globin locus control region (LCR) are transcribed in a copy-dependent manner that is independent of the integration site. It has previously been shown that the LCR 5'HS2 93154313 The HAT4 gene of Arabidopsis encodes a developmental regulator. Schena M; Lloyd AM; Davis RW Genes Dev 7: 367-79 (1993) The HAT4 gene from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a homeo domain protein that contains a leucine zipper motif. Homeo domain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) proteins have not been found in animal syste93194057 Characterization of a cDNA encoding the insulin gene GAGA-binding factor, Pur-I. Kennedy GC; Rutter WJ Biochem Soc Trans 21: 178-80 (1993) 93193865 Transcription-independent activation of ornithine decarboxylase activity by heparin in cloned cerebral endothelial cells. Bauer H; Amberger A; Bauer HC; Webersinke G; Zach O; Olson JW; Hennig B J Neurochem 60: 1520-4 (1993) Heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan, is known to be obligatory for long-term endothelial cell cultures; it potentiates the mitogenic activities of endothelial cell growth factors and prolongs93203888 Cell-autonomous expression and position-dependent repression by Li+ of two zygotic genes during sea urchin early development. Ghiglione C; Lhomond G; Lepage T; Gache C EMBO J 12: 87-96 (1993) The expression of two zygotic genes (HE and BP10) during sea urchin embryogenesis was previously found to be early, transient, spatially restricted and controlled at the transcriptional level. Here we93154349 A new component of the transcription factor DRTF1/E2F. Girling R; Partridge JF; Bandara LR; Burden N; Totty NF; Hsuan JJ; La Thangue NB Nature 362: 83-7 (1993) Transcription factor DRTF1/E2F coordinates events in the cell cycle with transcription by its cyclical interactions with important regulators of cellular proliferation like the retinoblastoma tumour-s93188967 Contribution of specific cis-acting elements to activity of the mouse pro-alpha 2(I) collagen enhancer. Pogulis RJ; Freytag SO J Biol Chem 268: 2493-9 (1993) Intronic transcriptional regulatory regions are found in several collagen genes. We demonstrate here the importance of two distinct cis-acting elements for the activity of a transcriptional enhancer l93155056 Purification and structural characterization of transcriptional regulator Leu3 of yeast. Sze JY; Kohlhaw GB J Biol Chem 268: 2505-12 (1993) The transcriptional regulatory protein Leu3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was enriched approximately 70-fold above wild type level in yeast cells carrying a pGAL1-LEU3 expression vector. Sustained overp93155058 Strategies for the identification of interacting proteins. Guarente L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 1639-41 (1993) Many problems in modern biology involve complex arrays of interacting protein and, in some cases, RNA molecules. The initial challenge facing investigators is to identify the important players that dr93189553 ras protein activity is essential for T-cell antigen receptor signal transduction. Baldari CT; Heguy A; Telford JL J Biol Chem 268: 2693-8 (1993) In a Jurkat cell model of T-cell activation an interleukin-2 promoter/reporter gene construct was activated by antigen receptor agonism in combination with the lymphokine interleukin-1. Antigen recept93155082 5-hydroxytryptophan as a new intrinsic probe for investigating protein-DNA interactions by analytical ultracentrifugation. Study of the effect of DNA on self-assembly of the bacteriophage lambda cI reLaue TM; Senear DF; Eaton S; Ross JB Biochemistry 32: 2469-72 (1993) Pairwise cooperativity between proteins bound to DNA is believed to be important in governing the transcriptional regulation of numerous genes. However, the spectral overlap of normal proteins and DNA93192186 Electrical activity-dependent regulation of the acetylcholine receptor delta-subunit gene, MyoD, and myogenin in primary myotubes. Dutton EK; Simon AM; Burden SJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 2040-4 (1993) Expression of the skeletal muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is regulated by nerve-evoked muscle activity. Studies using transgenic mice have shown that this regulation is controlled largely by tra93189633 A specific CCAAT-binding protein, CBP/tk, may be involved in the regulation of thymidine kinase gene expression in human IMR-90 diploid fibroblasts during senescence. Pang JH; Chen KY J Biol Chem 268: 2909-16 (1993) The aging of IMR-90 human diploid fibroblasts in culture is accompanied by a 5-7 fold decrease in the level of thymidine kinase (TK) mRNA and TK activity (Chang, Z. F., and Chen, K. Y. (1988) J. Biol.93155113 Attachment of vitellogenin genes to the nucleoskeleton accompanies their activation. Thorburn A; Knowland J Biochem Biophys Res Commun 191: 308-13 (1993) We have investigated the association of an inducible RNA polymerase II gene with the nucleoskeleton using the estrogen-inducible expression of the B2 vitellogenin gene in Xenopus liver as a model syst93191711 Identification of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 transactivation domain. Horvath GC; Schubach WH Biochem Biophys Res Commun 191: 196-200 (1993) The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) protein activates the expression of viral and cellular genes. A set of seven yeast GAL4-EBNA2 fusion proteins were constructed in order to identify the93191694 A small single-"finger" peptide from the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 binds specifically to DNA as a zinc or iron complex. Omichinski JG; Trainor C; Evans T; Gronenborn AM; Clore GM; Felsenfeld G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 1676-80 (1993) Sequence-specific DNA binding has been demonstrated for a synthetic peptide comprising only one of the two "finger"-like domains of the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 (also termed Eryf-1, NF-E193189561 Prolonged activation of protein kinase C induces transcription and expression of the alpha 1B adrenergic receptor gene in DDT1 MF-2 cells. Hu ZW; Shi XY; Sakaue M; Hoffman BB J Biol Chem 268: 3610-5 (1993) Protein kinase C (PKC) regulates many cellular functions; we have examined the role of PKC in the regulation of the alpha 1B adrenergic receptor gene. Exposure of DDT1 MF-2 cells to phorbol 12-myrista93155216 Gradients of transgene expression directed by the human myoglobin promoter in the developing mouse heart. Parsons WJ; Richardson JA; Graves KH; Williams RS; Moreadith RW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 1726-30 (1993) Prior studies using transient transfection assays in cultured avian and murine skeletal myotubes indicate that the proximal 2-kb segment of the 5' flanking region of the human myoglobin gene contains 93189570 The murine myeloperoxidase promoter contains several functional elements, one of which binds a cell type-restricted transcription factor, myeloid nuclear factor 1 (MyNF1). Suzow J; Friedman AD Mol Cell Biol 13: 2141-51 (1993) The myeloperoxidase (MPO) gene is expressed specifically in myeloid cells. There is significant homology between the murine and human MPO genes in the 1.6-kb region located upstream of the murine MPO 93204960 Involvement of an orthologue of the Drosophila pair-rule gene hairy in segment formation of the short germ-band embryo of Tribolium (Coleoptera) [see comments] Sommer RJ; Tautz D Nature 361: 448-50 (1993) The segments in long germ-band insect embryos, like Drosophila, are all determined at syncytial blastoderm stage. This is in contrast to short germ-band embryos which show an early determination of on93156810 A new factor related to TATA-binding protein has highly restricted expression patterns in Drosophila. Crowley TE; Hoey T; Liu JK; Jan YN; Jan LY; Tjian R Nature 361: 557-61 (1993) The TATA-binding protein TBP is necessary for the transcription of eukaryotic genes. Multi-protein complexes formed by TBP and different TBP-associated factors are involved in the initiation of transc93156846 Developmental control of glucocorticoid receptor transcriptional activity in embryonic retina. Ben-Dror I; Havazelet N; Vardimon L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 1117-21 (1993) In chicken embryo retina, competence for induction of the glutamine synthetase [L-glutamate:ammonia ligase (ADP-forming); EC 6.3.1.2] gene by glucocorticoid hormones increases progressively with devel93157353 Functional organization of the Bel-1 trans activator of human foamy virus. He F; Sun JD; Garrett ED; Cullen BR J Virol 67: 1896-904 (1993) Human foamy virus encodes a 300-amino-acid nuclear regulatory protein termed Bel-1 that is required for human foamy virus replication in culture. Bel-1 is a potent trans-activator of gene expression d93188138 Mouse GATA-4: a retinoic acid-inducible GATA-binding transcription factor expressed in endodermally derived tissues and heart. Arceci RJ; King AA; Simon MC; Orkin SH; Wilson DB Mol Cell Biol 13: 2235-46 (1993) We report the cDNA cloning and characterization of mouse GATA-4, a new member of the family of zinc finger transcription factors that bind a core GATA motif. GATA-4 cDNA was identified by screening a 93204969 The acidic activation domains of the GCN4 and GAL4 proteins are not alpha helical but form beta sheets [see comments] Van Hoy M; Leuther KK; Kodadek T; Johnston SA Cell 72: 587-94 (1993) The most common class of activation domains, the so-called acidic activators, has been proposed either to adopt an amphipathic alpha-helical structure or to exist as unstructured "acid blobs." However93177840 Regulation of cytokine mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human macrophages. Zhong WW; Burke PA; Hand AT; Walsh MJ; Hughes LA; Forse RA Arch Surg 128: 158-63; discussion 163-4 (1993) One of the responses of the human macrophage to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the production of a number of cytokines. The regulation of these cytokines is still not clearly understood. To study this re93159325 Partial inversion of gene order within a homologous segment on the X chromosome. Laval SH; Boyd Y Mamm Genome 4: 119-23 (1993) The locus for the erthyroid transcription factor, GATA1, has been positioned in the small interval between DXS255 and TIMP on the proximal short arm of the human X Chromosome (Chr) by use of a partial93160626 A composite hormone response element mediates the transactivation of the rat oxytocin gene by different classes of nuclear hormone receptors. Adan RA; Cox JJ; Beischlag TV; Burbach JP Mol Endocrinol 7: 47-57 (1993) Transcription factors of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily are mediators of development and regulation of the brain. Previous studies have shown that the hypothalamic oxytocin (OT) gene93188864 Genetic evidence that an activation domain of GAL4 does not require acidity and may form a beta sheet [see comments] Leuther KK; Salmeron JM; Johnston SA Cell 72: 575-85 (1993) Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes relies on intricate protein-protein interactions. Transcription of the galactose genes in yeast has been a productive model for this type of interaction. Th93177839 High affinity DNA-binding Myc analogs: recognition by an alpha helix. Fisher DE; Parent LA; Sharp PA Cell 72: 467-76 (1993) Myc and other basic-helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper (b-HLH-ZIP) proteins bind the sequence CACGTG. Exhaustive mutagenesis in the basic domain identified four amino acids critical for DNA binding with 93161420 XLPOU-60, a Xenopus POU-domain mRNA, is oocyte-specific from very early stages of oogenesis, and localised to presumptive mesoderm and ectoderm in the blastula. Whitfield T; Heasman J; Wylie C Dev Biol 155: 361-70 (1993) POU-domain proteins are a large family of transcriptional regulatory proteins, related to the homeodomain proteins, many of which are implicated in the control of gene expression during early developm93162302 A binding site for transcription factor E2F is a target for trans activation of murine thymidine kinase by polyomavirus large T antigen and plays an important role in growth regulation of the gene. Ogris E; Rotheneder H; Mudrak I; Pichler A; Wintersberger E J Virol 67: 1765-71 (1993) The promoter of the murine thymidine kinase gene contains a binding site for transcription factor E2F. Using cell lines (3T3-LT) conditionally expressing polyomavirus large T antigen from a hormone-re93188122 Specific binding of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans RbcR to the intergenic sequence between the rbc operon and the rbcR gene. Kusano T; Sugawara K J Bacteriol 175: 1019-25 (1993) The presence of two sets (rbcL1-rbcS1 and rbcL2-rbcS2) of rbc operons has been demonstrated in Thiobacillus ferrooxidans Fe1 (T. Kusano, T. Takeshima, C. Inoue, and K. Sugawara, J. Bacteriol. 173:731393163027 Deregulation of Pax-2 expression in transgenic mice generates severe kidney abnormalities. Dressler GR; Wilkinson JE; Rothenpieler UW; Patterson LT; Williams-Simons L; Westphal H Nature 362: 65-7 (1993) The Pax genes comprise a family of transcription factors active in specific tissues during embryonic development and are associated with at least three developmental mutations in mouse and man. In the93188961 Increased expression of GATA-1 and NFE-2 erythroid-specific transcription factors during aclacinomycin-mediated differentiation of human erythroleukemic cells. Trentesaux C; Nyoung MN; Aries A; Morceau F; Ronchi A; Ottolenghi S; Jardillier JC; Jeannesson P Leukemia 7: 452-7 (1993) Anthracycline antitumor drugs, particularly aclacinomycin (ACM) have been shown to be potent inducers of erythroid differentiation in human leukemic K562 cells. Here we report that such an event is as93188545 Structure-function analysis of the maf oncogene product, a member of the b-Zip protein family. Kataoka K; Nishizawa M; Kawai S J Virol 67: 2133-41 (1993) The v-maf oncogene, identified as the transforming gene of the avian retrovirus AS42, encodes a protein containing a b-Zip motif. From this structural feature, the v-Maf protein was expected to form a93188164 Gene regulation by phosphate in enteric bacteria. Wanner BL J Cell Biochem 51: 47-54 (1993) The Escherichia coli phosphate (PHO) regulon includes 31 (or more) genes arranged in eight separate operons. All are coregulated by environmental (extra-cellular) phosphate and are probably involved i93163134 IL-1 induces expression of monocyte chemoattractant JE in clonal mouse osteoblastic cell line MC3T3-E1. Takeshita A; Hanazawa S; Amano S; Matumoto T; Kitano S J Immunol 150: 1554-62 (1993) Recent studies demonstrated that platelet-derived growth factor-inducible JE is an inflammatory cytokine that directs chemotaxis of monocytes, and is a homolog of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, w93163582 Proposed structure for the DNA-binding domain of the helix-loop-helix family of eukaryotic gene regulatory proteins. Gibson TJ; Thompson JD; Abagyan RA Protein Eng 6: 41-50 (1993) A modelled tertiary structure for the dimeric HLH domain of the E47 protein is presented. Structural information was obtained from the aligned sequences of > 40 members of the HLH family. The informat93165649 Molecular modeling of coiled-coil alpha-tropomyosin: analysis of staggered and in register helix-helix interactions. Cregut D; Liautard JP; Heitz F; Chiche L Protein Eng 6: 51-8 (1993) In register and staggered models of tropomyosin coiled-coil were built from X-ray C alpha coordinates and refined via molecular dynamics. The two models show similar structural features with the X-ray93165650 Interaction of the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor and retinoid X receptor. Gearing KL; Gottlicher M; Teboul M; Widmark E; Gustafsson JA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 1440-4 (1993) The rat peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) was expressed in insect cells and was shown to bind to a cognate PPAR response element (PPRE) from the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Upon purificatio93165712 MEF2C, a MADS/MEF2-family transcription factor expressed in a laminar distribution in cerebral cortex. Leifer D; Krainc D; Yu YT; McDermott J; Breitbart RE; Heng J; Neve RL; Kosofsky B; Nadal-Ginard B; Lipton SA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 1546-50 (1993) We have cloned cDNA encoding a human transcription factor that belongs to the MEF2 (myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2) subfamily of the MADS (MCM1-agamous-deficiens-serum response factor) gen93165732 The activation domain of transcription factor PU.1 binds the retinoblastoma (RB) protein and the transcription factor TFIID in vitro: RB shows sequence similarity to TFIID and TFIIB. Hagemeier C; Bannister AJ; Cook A; Kouzarides T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 1580-4 (1993) The retinoblastoma (RB) tumor suppressor protein and the TATA-box-binding protein TFIID form contacts with a number of viral transactivator proteins. One of these, the adenovirus E1A protein, can bind93165739 Activation of human heat shock genes is accompanied by oligomerization, modification, and rapid translocation of heat shock transcription factor HSF1. Baler R; Dahl G; Voellmy R Mol Cell Biol 13: 2486-96 (1993) Transcriptional activity of heat shock (hsp) genes is controlled by a heat-activated, group-specific transcription factor(s) recognizing arrays of inverted repeats of the element NGAAN. To date genes 93204994 SIGNAL SCAN 3.0: new database and program features. Prestridge DS; Stormo G Comput Appl Biosci 9: 113-5 (1993) SIGNAL SCAN is a program that utilizes a transcription factor database to find potential transcription factor binding sites in DNA sequences. The program is now in its third version. The SIGNAL SCAN t93169491 Sequence specificity of the core-binding factor. Melnikova IN; Crute BE; Wang S; Speck NA J Virol 67: 2408-11 (1993) The core-binding factor (CBF) binds the conserved core motif in mammalian type C retrovirus enhancers. We analyzed the phosphate contacts made by CBF on the Moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer by e93188199 The human papillomavirus E7 oncoprotein and the cellular transcription factor E2F bind to separate sites on the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein. Wu EW; Clemens KE; Heck DV; Munger K J Virol 67: 2402-7 (1993) The ability of the high-risk and low-risk human papillomavirus E7 oncoproteins to disrupt complexes of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein pRB and the cellular transcription factor E2F was stu93188198 Nucleotides flanking a conserved TAAT core dictate the DNA binding specificity of three murine homeodomain proteins. Catron KM; Iler N; Abate C Mol Cell Biol 13: 2354-65 (1993) Murine homeobox genes play a fundamental role in directing embryogenesis by controlling gene expression during development. The homeobox encodes a DNA binding domain (the homeodomain) which presumably93204981 Integration of multiple developmental signals in Bacillus subtilis through the Spo0A transcription factor. Ireton K; Rudner DZ; Siranosian KJ; Grossman AD Genes Dev 7: 283-94 (1993) Multiple physiological and environmental signals are needed to initiate endospore formation in Bacillus subtilis. One key event controlling sporulation is activation of the Spo0A transcription factor.93170667 Extinction of tyrosine aminotransferase gene activity in somatic cell hybrids involves modification and loss of several essential transcriptional activators. Nitsch D; Boshart M; Schutz G Genes Dev 7: 308-19 (1993) Extinction is defined as the loss of cell type-specific gene expression that occurs in somatic cell hybrids derived by fusion of cells with dissimilar phenotypes. To explore the basis of this dominant93170669 Differential regulation of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase gene expression by interferons-gamma and -alpha. Analysis of the regulatory region of the gene and identification of an interferon-gamma-inHassanain HH; Chon SY; Gupta SL J Biol Chem 268: 5077-84 (1993) The induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity has been implicated in the antiproliferative action of interferon (IFN)-gamma on tumor cells and the inhibition of intracellular pathogens. 93186820 Regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 by IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IgG aggregates, and cAMP in mouse mesangial cells. Satriano JA; Hora K; Shan Z; Stanley ER; Mori T; Schlondorff D J Immunol 150: 1971-8 (1993) The interaction of mesangial cells and monocyte-macrophages plays an important role in renal glomerular immune injury. We have, therefore, examined the regulation of two monocyte-specific cytokines, i93171624 Ligand-dependent recruitment of the Arnt coregulator determines DNA recognition by the dioxin receptor. Whitelaw M; Pongratz I; Wilhelmsson A; Gustafsson JA; Poellinger L Mol Cell Biol 13: 2504-14 (1993) The intracellular basic region/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) dioxin receptor mediates signal transduction by dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and functions as a ligand-activated DNA binding prot93204996 The woodchuck hepatitis virus X gene is important for establishment of virus infection in woodchucks. Chen HS; Kaneko S; Girones R; Anderson RW; Hornbuckle WE; Tennant BC; Cote PJ; Gerin JL; Purcell RH; Miller RH J Virol 67: 1218-26 (1993) All mammalian hepadnaviruses possess a gene, termed X, that encodes a protein capable of transactivating virus gene expression. The X gene overlaps the polymerase and precore genes as well as two newl93172336 Characterization of a glial cell line persistently infected with borna disease virus (BDV): influence of neurotrophic factors on BDV protein and RNA expression. Carbone KM; Rubin SA; Sierra-Honigmann AM; Lederman HM J Virol 67: 1453-60 (1993) Borna disease virus (BDV) infects cells of the nervous system in a wide range of species. Previous work suggests that there are differences in BDV replication in neuronal cells and glial cells. Many n93172364 Replication of type 1 human immunodeficiency viruses containing linker substitution mutations in the -201 to -130 region of the long terminal repeat. Kim JY; Gonzalez-Scarano F; Zeichner SL; Alwine JC J Virol 67: 1658-62 (1993) In previous transfection analyses using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene system, we determined that linker substitution (LS) mutations between -201 and -130 (relative to the transcr93172387 The TyrR protein of Escherichia coli, analysis by limited proteolysis of domain structure and ligand-mediated conformational changes. Cui J; Somerville RL J Biol Chem 268: 5040-7 (1993) The TyrR protein of Escherichia coli K12 is a homodimer containing 513 amino acids/subunit. This protein is important in the transcriptional regulation of several genes whose protein products catalyze93186815 Definition of nitrite and nitrate response elements at the anaerobically inducible Escherichia coli nirB promoter: interactions between FNR and NarL. Tyson KL; Bell AI; Cole JA; Busby SJ Mol Microbiol 7: 151-7 (1993) Transcription initiation at the Escherichia coli nirB promoter is induced by anaerobic growth and further increased by the presence of nitrite or nitrate in the growth medium. Expression from this pro93172956 A serum response element and a binding site for NF-Y mediate the serum response of the human thrombospondin 1 gene. Framson P; Bornstein P J Biol Chem 268: 4989-96 (1993) The expression of thrombospondin 1 (TSP 1), a member of the TSP gene family, is rapidly induced by growth factors. We tested the ability of human TSP 1-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase constructs to 93186809 An immediate early human gene encodes an Id-like helix-loop-helix protein and is regulated by protein kinase C activation in diverse cell types. Deed RW; Bianchi SM; Atherton GT; Johnston D; Santibanez-Koref M; Murphy JJ; Norton JD Oncogene 8: 599-607 (1993) Transcription factors characterized by the presence of a helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain play a central role in the regulation of cell growth/differentiation and tumorigenesis. We report here the cDNA s93173502 Genetic evidence for a role for MCM1 in the regulation of arginine metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Messenguy F; Dubois E Mol Cell Biol 13: 2586-92 (1993) ARGRI, ARGRII, and ARGRIII regulatory proteins control the expression of arginine anabolic and catabolic genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have shown that MCM1 is part of the ARGR regulatory compl93205004 Phosphorylation of serum response factor by casein kinase II: evidence against a role in growth factor regulation of fos expression. Manak JR; Prywes R Oncogene 8: 703-11 (1993) Serum response factor (SRF) is a transcription factor involved in the serum and growth factor regulation of the c-fos gene. SRF is phosphorylated by casein kinase II (CKII), which causes a large incre93173514 c-Ets-1 protein is hyperphosphorylated during mitosis. Fleischman LF; Pilaro AM; Murakami K; Kondoh A; Fisher RJ; Papas TS Oncogene 8: 771-80 (1993) The ets-1 and ets-2 proto-oncogene products can serve as transcription factors and become phosphorylated in response to Ca(2+)-mediated signals. We have examined expression of Ets proteins during the 93173522 Isolation of PEBP2 alpha B cDNA representing the mouse homolog of human acute myeloid leukemia gene, AML1. Bae SC; Yamaguchi-Iwai Y; Ogawa E; Maruyama M; Inuzuka M; Kagoshima H; Shigesada K; Satake M; Ito Y Oncogene 8: 809-14 (1993) Breakpoints of the t(8;21) chromosome translocation in acute myeloid leukemia are clustered within the human gene, AML1, located on chromosome 21 [Miyoshi, H., Shimizu, K., Maseki, N., Kaneko, Y. & Oh93173528 Characterisation of the gene encoding an unusually divergent TATA-binding protein (TBP) from the extremely A+T-rich human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. McAndrew MB; Read M; Sims PF; Hyde JE Gene 124: 165-71 (1993) The intergenic regions of the human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, are extreme in their base composition, averaging approx. 90% A + T. As a first step to investigating whether transcription 93185920 The PhoP virulence regulon and live oral Salmonella vaccines. Miller SI; Loomis WP; Alpuche-Aranda C; Behlau I; Hohmann E Vaccine 11: 122-5 (1993) The PhoP virulence regulon is essential to Salmonella typhimurium mouse typhoid fever pathogenesis and survival within macrophages. This virulence regulon is composed of the PhoP (transcriptional regu93175109 Induction of colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) and coli surface antigen 4 (CS4) of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: relevance for vaccine production. Grewal HM; Gaastra W; Svennerholm AM; Roli J; Sommerfelt H Vaccine 11: 221-6 (1993) Regulatory proteins control the expression of the fimbrial colonization factor antigens CFA/I and CS4 of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). To examine the mechanism behind lack of expression of 93175124 Radiation signaling mediated by Jun activation following dissociation from a cell type-specific repressor. Hallahan DE; Gius D; Kuchibhotla J; Sukhatme V; Kufe DW; Weichselbaum RR J Biol Chem 268: 4903-7 (1993) The promoter regions of several radiation-inducible genes contain AP-1 cis-acting regulatory elements that are dependent upon protein kinase C signaling. We analyzed nuclear protein from irradiated hu93186796 Isolation of the CCAAT transcription factor subunit EFIA cDNA and a potentially functional EFIA processed pseudogene from Bos taurus: insights into the evolution of the EFIA/dbpB/YB-1 gene family. Ozer J; Chalkley R; Sealy L Gene 124: 223-30 (1993) The genomic copy multiplicity of the CCAAT transcription complex component enhancer factor I subunit A (EFIA) has been examined. When a mammalian genomic Southern blot was hybridized to a rat EFIA cDN93185927 Delta elk-1, a variant of elk-1, fails to interact with the serum response factor and binds to DNA with modulated specificity. Rao VN; Reddy ES Cancer Res 53: 215-20 (1993) The ets oncogene superfamily codes for a family of transcriptional factors that are involved in gene regulation not only by autonomous DNA binding but also by indirect DNA binding through interaction 93113573 Induction of jun gene family members by transforming growth factor alpha but not 17 beta-estradiol in human breast cancer cells. Davidson NE; Prestigiacomo LJ; Hahm HA Cancer Res 53: 291-7 (1993) To investigate whether estrogen treatment of hormone-responsive human breast cancer cells was associated with activation of members of the jun family of immediate early response genes, the expression 93113588 Localization of the chromosome 15 breakpoints and expression of multiple PML-RAR alpha transcripts in acute promyelocytic leukemia: a study of 28 Chinese patients. Geng JP; Tong JH; Dong S; Wang ZY; Chen SJ; Chen Z; Zelent A; Berger R; Larsen CJ Leukemia 7: 20-6 (1993) Translocation (15;17)(q22;q12-q21) is a chromosome aberration specifically found in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), that generates a chimeric gene between the promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene on 93116464 Interferon-gamma induces polymeric immunoglobulin receptor mRNA in human intestinal epithelial cells by a protein synthesis dependent mechanism. Piskurich JF; France JA; Tamer CM; Willmer CA; Kaetzel CS; Kaetzel DM Mol Immunol 30: 413-21 (1993) Transport of secretory IgA into external fluids is mediated by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) on the surface of mucosal epithelial cells. We studied the mechanism by which interferon-gam93205018 Normal and abnormal nephrogenesis. Fouser L; Avner ED Am J Kidney Dis 21: 64-70 (1993) During the past decade, exciting advances in the fields of cell and molecular biology have provided new insight into the processes of normal and abnormal nephron induction and renal morphogenesis. Alt93118662 Protein phosphorylation required for the formation of E2F complexes regulates N-myc transcription during differentiation of human embryonal carcinoma cells. Hara E; Okamoto S; Nakada S; Taya Y; Sekiya S; Oda K Oncogene 8: 1023-32 (1993) The human embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line NEC14 can be induced to differentiate morphologically by the addition of 10(-2) M N,N'-hexamethylene-bis-acetamide (HMBA). The N-myc gene is expressed at a93205381 Multiple copies of nodD in Rhizobium tropici CIAT899 and BR816. van Rhijn PJ; Feys B; Verreth C; Vanderleyden J J Bacteriol 175: 438-47 (1993) Rhizobium tropici strains are able to nodulate a wide range of host plants: Phaseolus vulgaris, Leucaena spp., and Macroptilium atropurpureum. We studied the nodD regulatory gene for nodulation of two93123162 The expression pattern of a Drosophila homolog to the mouse transcription factor HNF-4 suggests a determinative role in gut formation. Zhong W; Sladek FM; Darnell JE Jr EMBO J 12: 537-44 (1993) A Drosophila gene, HNF-4(D), was selected by cross-hybridization with a probe to rat HNF-4 (hepatocyte nuclear factor 4), a steroid hormone receptor super-family member that plays an important role in93178427 Transcription of the gene for parathyroid hormone-related peptide from the human is activated through a cAMP-dependent pathway by prostaglandin E1 in HTLV-I-infected T cells. Ikeda K; Okazaki R; Inoue D; Ogata E; Matsumoto T J Biol Chem 268: 1174-9 (1993) Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) is the etiologic agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), and hypercalcemia frequently associated with ATL is mediated by parathyroid hormone-related peptide (93123230 An unusual cellular factor potentiates protein-DNA complex assembly between Oct-1 and Vmw65. Werstuck GH; Capone JP J Biol Chem 268: 1272-8 (1993) The herpes simplex virus trans-activator Vmw65 interacts with the cellular factors Oct-1 and VCAF-1 to generate a multicomponent DNA binding complex that specifically recognizes conserved enhancer ele93123244 Interaction of the eucaryotic peptide chain initiation factor eIF-4A with the specific elements at the 5'-untranslated sequence of human asparagine synthetase mRNA. Chakrabarti R; Chakrabarti D; Souba WW; Schuster SM J Biol Chem 268: 1298-303 (1993) The resistance of certain tumor cells to the chemotherapeutic agent L-asparaginase has often been found to be associated with the presence of asparagine synthetase activity. In an attempt to study the93123248 Melanoma growth-stimulatory activity/GRO decreases collagen expression by human fibroblasts. Regulation by C-X-C but not C-C cytokines. Unemori EN; Amento EP; Bauer EA; Horuk R J Biol Chem 268: 1338-42 (1993) Melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA)/GRO is well characterized as a potent neutrophil chemoattractant. In the present study, we have demonstrated that MGSA induced a dose-dependent decrease in 93123254 Downregulation of GATA-1 expression during phorbol myristate acetate-induced megakaryocytic differentiation of human erythroleukemia cells. Dai W; Murphy MJ Jr Blood 81: 1214-21 (1993) Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) induces the expression of megakaryocyte and/or platelet proteins during terminal differentiation of human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells. However, it is not established wh93184314 Hsp90 chaperonins possess ATPase activity and bind heat shock transcription factors and peptidyl prolyl isomerases. Nadeau K; Das A; Walsh CT J Biol Chem 268: 1479-87 (1993) Heat shock proteins of the 82-90 kDa class (hsp82 and hsp90) are abundant, conserved, and ubiquitous from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Although proposed to be chaperones, they had not been reported to p93123274 Transcription termination. Richardson JP Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 28: 1-30 (1993) Chromosomes are organized into units of expression that are bounded by sites where transcription of DNA sequences into RNA is initiated and terminated. To allow for efficient stepwise assembly of comp93185399 Regulation of albumin gene expression in hepatoma cells of fetal phenotype: dominant inhibition of HNF1 function and role of ubiquitous transcription factors. Rollier A; DiPersio CM; Cereghini S; Stevens K; Tronche F; Zaret K; Weiss MC Mol Biol Cell 4: 59-69 (1993) Two widely used hepatoma cell lines, mouse BW1J and human HepG2, express gene products characteristic of fetal hepatocytes, including serum albumin, whereas reporter genes driven by the albumin promot93184394 Human CD4 lymphocytes specifically recognize a peptide representing the fusion region of the hybrid protein pml/RAR alpha present in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Gambacorti-Passerini C; Grignani F; Arienti F; Pandolfi PP; Pelicci PG; Parmiani G Blood 81: 1369-75 (1993) Fusion proteins present in leukemic cells frequently contain a new amino acid at the fusion point. We tested whether a peptide (BCR1/25) encompassing the fusion region of the hybrid molecule pml/RAR a93184333 Striking homology between mouse and human transcription enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1). Blatt C; DePamphilis ML Nucleic Acids Res 21: 747-8 (1993) 93181278 Papillomavirus E7 protein binding to the retinoblastoma protein is not required for viral induction of warts. Defeo-Jones D; Vuocolo GA; Haskell KM; Hanobik MG; Kiefer DM; McAvoy EM; Ivey-Hoyle M; Brandsma JL; Oliff A; Jones RE J Virol 67: 716-25 (1993) Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiologic agents responsible for benign epithelial proliferative disorders including genital warts and are a contributory factor in the pathogenesis of cervical c93124564 The DNA-binding domain of two bZIP transcription factors, the Epstein-Barr virus switch gene product EB1 and Jun, is a bipartite nuclear targeting sequence. Mikaelian I; Drouet E; Marechal V; Denoyel G; Nicolas JC; Sergeant A J Virol 67: 734-42 (1993) The Epstein-Barr virus BZLF1 gene product EB1 (also called ZEBRA and Zta), is a transcription factor belonging to the bZIP (basic domain leucine zipper) family of nuclear proteins. Translocation to th93124566 Regulation of expression of mouse mammary tumor virus through sequences located in the hormone response element: involvement of cell-cell contact and a negative regulatory factor. Hartig E; Nierlich B; Mink S; Nebl G; Cato AC J Virol 67: 813-21 (1993) Mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) is a latently oncogenic retrovirus responsible for the neoplastic transformation of mammary epithelial cells. Its expression is regulated by steroids, polypeptide grow93124576 The structure and expression of the Xenopus Krox-20 gene: conserved and divergent patterns of expression in rhombomeres and neural crest. Bradley LC; Snape A; Bhatt S; Wilkinson DG Mech Dev 40: 73-84 (1993) Recent studies in the chick have indicated that rhombomeres (r) are segments that underlie the patterning of hindbrain nerves. These segments may also be important for the specification of branchial a93183770 XASH1, a Xenopus homolog of achaete-scute: a proneural gene in anterior regions of the vertebrate CNS. Ferreiro B; Skoglund P; Bailey A; Dorsky R; Harris WA Mech Dev 40: 25-36 (1993) The pro-neural achaete-scute complex (ASC) of Drosophila encodes four homologous proteins, each containing a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) domain, characteristic of a large family of transcription fac93183765 FTZ-F1 beta, a novel member of the Drosophila nuclear receptor family. Ohno CK; Petkovich M Mech Dev 40: 13-24 (1993) The Drosophila melanogaster gene FTZ-F1 beta, encoding a novel member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor gene superfamily, was isolated by cross-hybridization with a complementary DNA for the Dro93183764 Lactobacillus casei contains a member of the CRP-FNR family. Irvine AS; Guest JR Nucleic Acids Res 21: 753 (1993) 93181282 Ha-ras and v-raf oncogenes, but not int-2 and c-myc, interfere with the lactogenic hormone dependent activation of the mammary gland specific transcription factor. Happ B; Hynes NE; Groner B Cell Growth Differ 4: 9-15 (1993) beta-Casein milk protein expression is regulated synergistically by the lactogenic hormones dexamethasone, insulin, and prolactin. This regulation has been observed in vivo and in the mammary epitheli93144207 Early response genes as markers of neuronal activity and growth factor action. Sagar SM; Sharp FR Adv Neurol 59: 273-84 (1993) 93127987 c-fos gene expression in cell revertants from a transformed to a pseudonormal phenotype. Lavrovsky YV; Svinarchuk FP; Lavrovsky VA; Yefremov YR; Vlassov VV FEBS Lett 316: 161-4 (1993) c-fos gene expression in two types of mouse sarcoma cells of spontaneous origin and in revertants to pseudonormal phenotype has been investigated. In the latter cells the content of c-fos mRNA is simi93131036 Promoter activity of human renin 5'-flanking DNA sequences is activated by the pituitary-specific transcription factor Pit-1. Sun J; Oddoux C; Lazarus A; Gilbert MT; Catanzaro DF J Biol Chem 268: 1505-8 (1993) Although the renal juxtaglomerular cell is the source of circulating renin, the renin gene is also expressed at a number of extrarenal sites including lactotrope cells of human and ovine pituitaries. 93131880 The zinc finger gene Krox20 regulates HoxB2 (Hox2.8) during hindbrain segmentation. Sham MH; Vesque C; Nonchev S; Marshall H; Frain M; Gupta RD; Whiting J; Wilkinson D; Charnay P; Krumlauf R Cell 72: 183-96 (1993) The zinc finger gene Krox20 and many Hox homeobox genes are expressed in segment-restricted domains in the hindbrain. The restricted expression patterns appear before morphological segmentation, sugge93145321 Insulin down-regulates expression of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) gene: effects on transcription and mRNA turnover. Flores-Riveros JR; McLenithan JC; Ezaki O; Lane MD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 512-6 (1993) Insulin rapidly represses expression of the gene encoding the insulin-responsive glucose transporter (GLUT4) in 3T3-L1 mouse adipocytes. Upon exposure to the hormone the cellular level of GLUT4 mRNA f93133818 Ciliary neurotrophic factor coordinately activates transcription of neuropeptide genes in a neuroblastoma cell line. Symes AJ; Rao MS; Lewis SE; Landis SC; Hyman SE; Fink JS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 572-6 (1993) Differentiation factors have been identified that influence the phenotype of sympathetic neurons by altering expression of classical neurotransmitters and neuropeptides. Investigation of the molecular93133830 Mouse mammary tumor virus infection accelerates mammary carcinogenesis in Wnt-1 transgenic mice by insertional activation of int-2/Fgf-3 and hst/Fgf-4. Shackleford GM; MacArthur CA; Kwan HC; Varmus HE Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 90: 740-4 (1993) Transgenic mice carrying the Wnt-1 protooncogene modified for expression in mammary epithelial cells exhibit hyperplastic mammary glands and stochastically develop mammary carcinomas, suggesting that 93133862 An HSV LAT null mutant reactivates slowly from latent infection and makes small plaques on CV-1 monolayers. Block TM; Deshmane S; Masonis J; Maggioncalda J; Valyi-Nagi T; Fraser NW Virology 192: 618-30 (1993) A Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-I) strain 17 mutant deleted between the NotI and HpaI restriction sites of the latency associated transcript (LAT) region has been constructed. The mutant, therefore93134806 Rat CINC (cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant) is the homolog of the human GRO proteins but is encoded by a single gene. Zagorski J; DeLarco JE Biochem Biophys Res Commun 190: 104-10 (1993) Human GRO and rat CINC proteins are members of the pro-inflammatory "chemokine" superfamily of chemotactic cytokines which includes IL-8. We have used Northern and Southern blot analyses to compare th93135753 The su(Hw) protein insulates expression of the Drosophila melanogaster white gene from chromosomal position-effects. Roseman RR; Pirrotta V; Geyer PK EMBO J 12: 435-42 (1993) Mutations in the suppressor of Hairy-wing [su(Hw)] locus reverse the phenotype of a number of tissue-specific mutations caused by insertion of a gypsy retrotransposon. The su(Hw) gene encodes a zinc f93178417 A human putative lymphocyte G0/G1 switch gene homologous to a rodent gene encoding a zinc-binding potential transcription factor. Heximer SP; Forsdyke DR DNA Cell Biol 12: 73-88 (1993) G0S24 is a member of a set of genes (putative G0/G1 switch regulatory genes) that are expressed transiently within 1-2 hr of the addition of lectin or cycloheximide to human blood mononuclear cells. C93135830 Molecular characterization of the cDNA coding for translation elongation factor-2 of pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. Plaimauer B; Ortner S; Wiedermann G; Scheiner O; Duchene M DNA Cell Biol 12: 89-96 (1993) To investigate the humoral immune response of patients with amoebic dysentry against Entamoeba histolytica, immunoglobulin G (IgG)-immunopositive cDNA clones from the pathogenic strain SFL-3 were exam93135831 Regulation of myeloblastin messenger RNA expression in myeloid leukemia cells treated with all-trans retinoic acid. Labbaye C; Zhang J; Casanova JL; Lanotte M; Teng J; Miller WH Jr; Cayre YE Blood 81: 475-81 (1993) Retinoic acid is known to induce differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells in vitro. Recently, all-trans retinoic acid has been used to induce remissions in patients with acute promyelocytic leu93136437 A short, disordered protein region mediates interactions between the homeodomain of the yeast alpha 2 protein and the MCM1 protein. Vershon AK; Johnson AD Cell 72: 105-12 (1993) Homeodomains are folded into a characteristic three-dimensional structure capable of recognizing DNA in a sequence-specific manner. We show that correct target site selection by the yeast alpha 2 prot93137316 Somatostatin inhibits insulin-gene expression through a posttranscriptional mechanism in a hamster islet cell line. Philippe J Diabetes 42: 244-9 (1993) Insulin secretion is regulated by the interplay of nutrients, local intraislet factors, and hormones. Nutrients involved in the positive control of insulin secretion, such as glucose and amino acid, a93146226 Regulation of the sex-specific binding of the maleless dosage compensation protein to the male X chromosome in Drosophila. Gorman M; Kuroda MI; Baker BS Cell 72: 39-49 (1993) In Drosophila, the single male X chromosome is transcribed at twice the rate of a single female X chromosome. This hypertranscription requires the functions of at least four autosomal male-specific le93137327 RTG1 and RTG2: two yeast genes required for a novel path of communication from mitochondria to the nucleus. Liao X; Butow RA Cell 72: 61-71 (1993) The expression of some nuclear genes is sensitive to the functional state of mitochondria, a process we term retrograde regulation. Here we show that retrograde regulation of the yeast CIT2 gene encod93137329 Differential adrenergic regulation of C/EBP alpha and C/EBP beta in brown adipose tissue. Rehnmark S; Antonson P; Xanthopoulos KG; Jacobsson A FEBS Lett 318: 235-41 (1993) We investigated the regulation of the expression of two members of the C/EBP family of transcriptional activators, C/EBP alpha and C/EBP beta, in brown adipose tissue in mice. Less than one hour of co93178634 Isolation and characterization of DNA sequences that are specifically bound by wild-type p53 protein. Foord O; Navot N; Rotter V Mol Cell Biol 13: 1378-84 (1993) Wild-type p53 was shown to function as a transcription factor. The N-terminal region of the protein contains the transcription activation domain, while the C terminus is responsible for DNA binding. L93180782 Elongation factor NusG interacts with termination factor rho to regulate termination and antitermination of transcription. Li J; Mason SW; Greenblatt J Genes Dev 7: 161-72 (1993) NusG is a transcriptional elongation factor in Escherichia coli that aids transcriptional antitermination by the phage lambda N protein. By using NusG affinity chromatography, we found that NusG binds93138385 Zebrafish pou[c]: a divergent POU family gene ubiquitously expressed during embryogenesis. Johansen T; Moens U; Holm T; Fjose A; Krauss S Nucleic Acids Res 21: 475-83 (1993) We report the isolation and characterization of cDNA for a novel zebrafish (Brachyodanio rerio) POU domain gene, pou[c], which is ubiquitously expressed during embryonic development. This gene encodes93181237 A protein synthesis-dependent increase in E2F1 mRNA correlates with growth regulation of the dihydrofolate reductase promoter. Slansky JE; Li Y; Kaelin WG; Farnham PJ Mol Cell Biol 13: 1610-8 (1993) Enhanced expression of genes involved in nucleotide biosynthesis, such as dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), is a hallmark of entrance into the DNA synthesis (S) phase of the mammalian cell cycle. To inv93180808 The rightward gas vesicle operon in Halobacterium plasmid pNRC100: identification of the gvpA and gvpC gene products by use of antibody probes and genetic analysis of the region downstream of gvpC. Halladay JT; Jones JG; Lin F; MacDonald AB; DasSarma S J Bacteriol 175: 684-92 (1993) The extreme halophile Halobacterium halobium synthesizes intracellular gas-filled vesicles that confer buoyancy. A cluster of 13 genes on the 200-kb endogenous plasmid pNRC100 has been implicated in t93139036 Cell-to-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection induces two distinct phases of viral RNA expression under separate regulatory control. Kok T; Li P; Burrell C J Gen Virol 74 ( Pt 1): 33-8 (1993) A cell clone persistently infected with human T cell-lymphotrophic virus type IIIB (H3B cells) contained mainly the multiply spliced (2 kb) and singly spliced (4.3 kb) species of human immunodeficienc93139781 The helix-loop-helix containing transcription factor USF binds to and transactivates the promoter of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Reisman D; Rotter V Nucleic Acids Res 21: 345-50 (1993) Expression of the wild-type p53 tumor suppressor gene has been found to play an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation. In addition, in many transformed cells a93181211 The human beta fibrinogen promoter contains a hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-dependent interleukin-6-responsive element. Dalmon J; Laurent M; Courtois G Mol Cell Biol 13: 1183-93 (1993) Acute-phase reactants are liver proteins whose synthesis is positively or negatively regulated during inflammation. The main mediators of this phenomenon are glucocorticoids and interleukin-6 (IL-6), 93140756 Presence of an inhibitor of RNA polymerase I mediated transcription in extracts from growth arrested mouse cells. Kermekchiev M; Muramatsu M Nucleic Acids Res 21: 447-53 (1993) Extracts obtained from mouse cells growth arrested at stationary phase or under serum starvation exhibit no specific rDNA transcription activity. Experiments with mixed transcriptionally active and in93181233 In vitro activation of the transcription factor gamma interferon activation factor by gamma interferon: evidence for a tyrosine phosphatase/kinase signaling cascade. Igarashi K; David M; Finbloom DS; Larner AC Mol Cell Biol 13: 1634-40 (1993) Although it has been well documented that the biological activities of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) are initiated through interaction with its cell surface receptor, the signal transduction mechanisms93180810 Transcription elongation in the human c-myc gene is governed by overall transcription initiation levels in Xenopus oocytes. Spencer CA; Kilvert MA Mol Cell Biol 13: 1296-305 (1993) Both transcription initiation and transcription elongation contribute to the regulation of steady-state c-myc RNA levels. We have used the Xenopus oocyte transcription assay to study premature transcr93140768 Heat shock factor is required for growth at normal temperatures in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Gallo GJ; Prentice H; Kingston RE Mol Cell Biol 13: 749-61 (1993) Schizosaccharomyces pombe is becoming an increasingly useful organism for the study of cellular processes, since in certain respects, such as the cell cycle and splicing, it is similar to metazoans. P93140772 cDNA cloning of human N-Oct3, a nervous-system specific POU domain transcription factor binding to the octamer DNA motif. Schreiber E; Tobler A; Malipiero U; Schaffner W; Fontana A Nucleic Acids Res 21: 253-8 (1993) Octamer transcription factors (Oct or OTF) are a subset of the POU family of transcription factors which regulate transcription of cellular and viral genes by binding to the octamer sequence motif ATG93181199 A mitogen-responsive promoter region that is synergistically activated through multiple signalling pathways. Ouyang Q; Bommakanti M; Miskimins WK Mol Cell Biol 13: 1796-804 (1993) A regulatory region of the human transferrin receptor gene promoter was found to be required for increased expression in response to serum or growth factors. This region contains two elements that app93180827 Proto-oncogenes of the fos/jun family of transcription factors are positive regulators of myeloid differentiation. Lord KA; Abdollahi A; Hoffman-Liebermann B; Liebermann DA Mol Cell Biol 13: 841-51 (1993) The proto-oncogenes c-jun, junB, junD, and c-fos recently have been shown to encode for transcription factors with a leucine zipper that mediates dimerization to constitute active transcription factor93140782 The orphan nuclear receptor NGFI-B regulates expression of the gene encoding steroid 21-hydroxylase. Wilson TE; Mouw AR; Weaver CA; Milbrandt J; Parker KL Mol Cell Biol 13: 861-8 (1993) As part of its trophic action to maintain the steroidogenic capacity of adrenocortical cells, corticotropin (ACTH) increases the transcription of the cytochrome P-450 steroid hydroxylase genes, includ93140784 Extinction of Oct-3/4 gene expression in embryonal carcinoma x fibroblast somatic cell hybrids is accompanied by changes in the methylation status, chromatin structure, and transcriptional activity ofBen-Shushan E; Pikarsky E; Klar A; Bergman Y Mol Cell Biol 13: 891-901 (1993) In this study we evaluate, for the first time, the molecular mechanism that underlies the extinction of a tissue-specific transcription factor, Oct-3/4, in somatic cell hybrids and compared it with it93140787 Mouse Oct-1 contains a composite homeodomain of human Oct-1 and Oct-2. Suzuki N; Peter W; Ciesiolka T; Gruss P; Scholer HR Nucleic Acids Res 21: 245-52 (1993) Members of the Oct family of transcription factors specifically interact with the octamer motif, ATGC-AAAT, a regulatory element important for tissue- and cell-specific transcription as well as for th93181198 Purification and characterization of the stage-specific embryonic enhancer-binding protein SSAP-1. DeAngelo DJ; DeFalco J; Childs G Mol Cell Biol 13: 1746-58 (1993) We have demonstrated that a highly conserved segment of DNA between positions -288 and -317 (upstream sequence element IV [USE IV]) is largely responsible for the transcriptional activation of the sea93180822 Protein domains governing interactions between E2F, the retinoblastoma gene product, and human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein. Huang PS; Patrick DR; Edwards G; Goodhart PJ; Huber HE; Miles L; Garsky VM; Oliff A; Heimbrook DC Mol Cell Biol 13: 953-60 (1993) Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the etiological agents for genital warts and contribute to the development of cervical cancer in humans. The HPV E7 gene product is expressed in these diseases, and t93140794 Near-zero linking difference upon transcription factor IID binding to promoter DNA. Lorch Y; Kornberg RD Mol Cell Biol 13: 1872-5 (1993) Binding of yeast transcription factor IID (TFIID) to the adenoviral major late promoter in circular DNA molecules caused a linking number change of less than 0.1. TFIID on its own therefore fails to u93180835 Transcription factor GATA-1 and erythroid development. Simon MC Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 202: 115-21 (1993) In summary, we derived an experimental system that allows us to dissect the function of GATA-1 in red cell development at a genetic level. We have established the essential nature of GATA-1 during bot93141620 Effects of estrogen and epidermal growth factor on prolactin and Pit-1 mRNA in GH3 cells. Zhang K; Kulig E; Jin L; Lloyd RV Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 202: 193-200 (1993) The effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) on the expression of prolactin (PRL), the transcription factor Pit-1/GHF-1 (Pit-1), and on dopamine D2 receptor mRNA in GH3 cell93141628 Structural determination and promoter analysis of the chicken mitogen-inducible prostaglandin G/H synthase gene and genetic mapping of the murine homolog. Xie W; Merrill JR; Bradshaw WS; Simmons DL Arch Biochem Biophys 300: 247-52 (1993) We have previously reported the isolation and characterization of a new form (PGHS-2) of prostaglandin G/H synthase (PGHS, cyclooxygenase) from chicken embryo fibroblasts. To further study the regulat93143322 Antisense suppression of transferrin receptor gene expression in a human hepatoma cell (HuH-7) line. Sasaki K; Zak O; Aisen P Am J Hematol 42: 74-80 (1993) A recombinant plasmid carrying human transferrin receptor cDNA in reverse orientation downstream from the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter/enhancer element was introduced into the HuH-7 93098202 Cloning, chromosomal localization and expression pattern of the POU domain gene Oct-11. Goldsborough AS; Healy LE; Copeland NG; Gilbert DJ; Jenkins NA; Willison KR; Ashworth A Nucleic Acids Res 21: 127-34 (1993) POU domain genes encode a family of highly conserved transacting factors that influence the transcriptional activity of several cell type-specific and ubiquitous genes. We have cloned and sequenced cD93181164 Stress proteins and the liver. Bernelli-Zazzera A Ital J Gastroenterol 25: 49-51 (1993) 93152932 Hepatitis B virus transactivator HBx uses a tumour promoter signalling pathway [see comments] Kekule AS; Lauer U; Weiss L; Luber B; Hofschneider PH Nature 361: 742-5 (1993) The hepatitis B virus (HBV) transactivator protein HBx is enigmatic in that it stimulates a striking variety of promoters which do not share a common cis-regulatory element. As it does not bind to DNA93180915 Histone deacetylase. A key enzyme for the binding of regulatory proteins to chromatin. Lopez-Rodas G; Brosch G; Georgieva EI; Sendra R; Franco L; Loidl P FEBS Lett 317: 175-80 (1993) Core histones can be modified by reversible, posttranslational acetylation of specific lysine residues within the N-terminal protein domains. The dynamic equilibrium of acetylation is maintained by tw93146154 Expression of the transforming growth factor alpha protooncogene in differentiating human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells. Walz TM; Malm C; Wasteson A Cancer Res 53: 191-6 (1993) The process of myeloid differentiation in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL-60) is accompanied by the coordinate expression of numerous protooncogenes. To investigate the expression of transformi93105411 Interferon rapidly induces modifications of chromatin sensitivity to DNase I in Daudi lymphoma cells. Cataldi A; Lisio R; Rana R; Bareggi R; Tulipano G; Miscia S Exp Cell Res 204: 167-9 (1993) The DNase I sensitivity of total chromatin has been analyzed in nuclei isolated from control and interferon-treated Daudi cells. The electrophoretic analysis of DNA has evidenced a different pattern o93106096 The DNA-binding properties of an artificial 42-residue polypeptide derived from a natural repressor. Hehlgans T; Stolz M; Klauser S; Cui T; Salgam P; Verca SB; Widmann M; Leiser A; Stadler K; Gutte B FEBS Lett 315: 51-5 (1993) Bacteriophage 434 repressor recognizes the operator sequences ACAAG and ACAAT. As the same or similar sequences occur in the enhancer region of HIV-1, 434 repressor was a potential HIV enhancer-bindin93106224 Follicle-stimulating hormone induction of steel factor (SLF) mRNA in mouse Sertoli cells and stimulation of DNA synthesis in spermatogonia by soluble SLF. Rossi P; Dolci S; Albanesi C; Grimaldi P; Ricca R; Geremia R Dev Biol 155: 68-74 (1993) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and its intracellular mediator, cAMP, increase the mRNA levels for the Steel factor (SLF, the c-kit ligand) in cultured primary mouse Sertoli cells. The inductive ef93106338 A fluorescence anisotropy study of tetramer-dimer equilibrium of lambda repressor and its implication for function. Banik U; Mandal NC; Bhattacharyya B; Roy S J Biol Chem 268: 3938-43 (1993) Tetramer-dimer equilibrium of lambda repressor has been studied by fluorescence anisotropy techniques. We have chosen 1-dimethylamino naphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl chloride)-labeled represso93179390 Ovariectomy and inhibin immunoneutralization acutely increase follicle-stimulating hormone-beta messenger ribonucleic acid concentrations: evidence for a nontranscriptional mechanism. Dalkin AC; Knight CD; Shupnik MA; Haisenleder DJ; Aloi J; Kirk SE; Yasin M; Marshall JC Endocrinology 132: 1297-304 (1993) After ovariectomy (ovx), FSH beta mRNA levels and serum FSH increase 2- to 3-fold within 12 h, and this persists in the presence of a GnRH antagonist. As a fall in plasma estradiol and progesterone ap93178341 An insulin-responsive element in the pancreatic enhancer of the amylase gene. Johnson TM; Rosenberg MP; Meisler MH J Biol Chem 268: 464-8 (1993) We have identified a distinct insulin-responsive element (IRE) located within the pancreatic enhancer of the mouse amylase gene Amy-2.2. A 30-base pair (bp) fragment was previously shown to be suffici93107045 Kainate-induced changes in opioid peptide genes and AP-1 protein expression in the rat hippocampus. Pennypacker KR; Walczak D; Thai L; Fannin R; Mason E; Douglass J; Hong JS J Neurochem 60: 204-11 (1993) In the rat hippocampus, jun, c-fos, and fos-related antigen immunoreactivity, AP-1 DNA binding, and opioid peptide gene expression were examined after kainate treatment to determine whether the induct93107913 Mechanisms of transcriptional activation by steroid hormone receptors. Baniahmad A; Tsai MJ J Cell Biochem 51: 151-6 (1993) Steroid hormones are involved in cell growth, development, and differentiation. The hormonal signal is mediated by nuclear receptors which represent a specific class of transcription factors. During t93179504 Expression of the proto-oncogenes c-met and c-kit and their ligands, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor and stem cell factor, in SCLC cell lines and xenografts. Rygaard K; Nakamura T; Spang-Thomsen M Br J Cancer 67: 37-46 (1993) We examined a panel of 25 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines and nude mouse xenografts for expression of the proto-oncogenes c-met and c-kit, and for expression of the corresponding ligands, hep93152426 A transcriptional switch between the Pig-1 and Sgs-4 genes of Drosophila melanogaster. Mougneau E; von Seggern D; Fowler T; Rosenblatt J; Jongens T; Rogers B; Gietzen D; Beckendorf SK Mol Cell Biol 13: 184-95 (1993) Pig-1 and Sgs-4 are a pair of closely linked and divergently transcribed Drosophila melanogaster genes, which are both expressed in larval salivary glands but at different times during development. Wh93109302 Two domains of ISGF3 gamma that mediate protein-DNA and protein-protein interactions during transcription factor assembly contribute to DNA-binding specificity. Veals SA; Santa Maria T; Levy DE Mol Cell Biol 13: 196-206 (1993) Alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) induces the transcription of a large set of genes through activation of multimeric transcription factor ISGF3. This factor can be dissociated into two protein components, 93109303 Molecular basis for developmental changes in interleukin-2 gene inducibility. Chen D; Rothenberg EV Mol Cell Biol 13: 228-37 (1993) At least three stages in the intrathymic development of pre-T cells are demarcated by differences in the competence to express the interleukin-2 (IL-2) gene as an acute response to stimulation. IL-2 i93109306 Interleukin-3 expression by activated T cells involves an inducible, T-cell-specific factor and an octamer binding protein. Davies K; TePas EC; Nathan DG; Mathey-Prevot B Blood 81: 928-34 (1993) Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is exclusively expressed by activated T and natural killer cells, a function that is tightly controlled both in a lineage-specific and in a stimulation-dependent manner. We have i93152894 Identification of a retinoic acid response element upstream of the murine Hox-4.2 gene. Popperl H; Featherstone MS Mol Cell Biol 13: 257-65 (1993) Hox genes play an important role in the process of vertebrate pattern formation, and their expression is intricately regulated both temporally and spatially. All-trans-retinoic acid (RA), a physiologi93109309 Transcriptional regulation of the rat tissue type plasminogen activator gene: localization of DNA elements and nuclear factors mediating constitutive and cyclic AMP-induced expression. Ohlsson M; Leonardsson G; Jia XC; Feng P; Ny T Mol Cell Biol 13: 266-75 (1993) We have characterized tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) promoter elements and nuclear factors required for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-induced transcription of the rat tPA gene in granulo93109310 Involvement of a C/EBP-like protein in the acquisition of responsiveness to glucocorticoid hormones during chick neural retina development. Ben-Or S; Okret S Mol Cell Biol 13: 331-40 (1993) The glucocorticoid receptor in chicken embryonic neural retina is expressed early in ontogeny, yet the tissue's response to the glucocorticoid hormone, i.e., induction of glutamine synthetase (GS), de93109317 E2A-Pbx1, the t(1;19) translocation protein of human pre-B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia, causes acute myeloid leukemia in mice. Kamps MP; Baltimore D Mol Cell Biol 13: 351-7 (1993) One-quarter of pediatric pre-B-cell leukemias contain the t(1;19) chromosomal translocation, which fuses 5' exons encoding the transactivation domain of the E2A transcription factor gene to 3' exons e93109319 Multiple mechanisms of chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor-dependent repression of transactivation by the vitamin D, thyroid hormone, and retinoic acid receptors. Cooney AJ; Leng X; Tsai SY; O'Malley BW; Tsai MJ J Biol Chem 268: 4152-60 (1993) The chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor (COUP-TF) is a member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily about which little is known of its functional role in the cell. H93179420 Normal and neoplastic growth and development. AACR special conference in cancer research. Levine AJ Cancer Res 53: 929-30 (1993) 93153799 Induction of liver alpha-1 acid glycoprotein gene expression involves both positive and negative transcription factors. Lee YM; Tsai WH; Lai MY; Chen DS; Lee SC Mol Cell Biol 13: 432-42 (1993) Expression of the alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) gene is liver specific and acute phase responsive. Within the 180-bp region of the AGP promoter, at least five cis elements have been found to interac93109329 Structure(?) and function of acidic transcription activators [comment] Hahn S Cell 72: 481-3 (1993) 93177829 Hepatocyte-specific expression of the hepatitis B virus core promoter depends on both positive and negative regulation. Guo W; Chen M; Yen TS; Ou JH Mol Cell Biol 13: 443-8 (1993) The core promoter of hepatitis B virus shows hepatocyte specificity, which is largely dependent on an upstream regulatory sequence that overlaps with viral enhancer II. Footprint analyses by numerous 93109331 A Schizosaccharomyces pombe gene that promotes sexual differentiation encodes a helix-loop-helix protein with homology to MyoD. Benton BK; Reid MS; Okayama H EMBO J 12: 135-43 (1993) Nitrogen starvation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe induces a differentiated state in which haploid cells mate and sporulate. esc1+, a newly isolated S.pombe cDNA that promotes this sexual differentiatio93154314 GCD11, a negative regulator of GCN4 expression, encodes the gamma subunit of eIF-2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hannig EM; Cigan AM; Freeman BA; Kinzy TG Mol Cell Biol 13: 506-20 (1993) The eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF-2 plays a critical role in regulating the expression of the yeast transcriptional activator GCN4. Mutations in genes encoding the alpha and beta subuni93109337 Transcriptional activation by the adenovirus larger E1a product is mediated by members of the cellular transcription factor ATF family which can directly associate with E1a. Chatton B; Bocco JL; Gaire M; Hauss C; Reimund B; Goetz J; Kedinger C Mol Cell Biol 13: 561-70 (1993) We recently isolated three cDNA clones encoding closely related proteins (ATFa1, ATFa2, and ATFa3) that belong to the activating transcription factor-cyclic AMP-responsive element family of cellular t93109342 A novel interferon-inducible domain: structural and functional analysis of the human interferon regulatory factor 1 gene promoter. Sims SH; Cha Y; Romine MF; Gao PQ; Gottlieb K; Deisseroth AB Mol Cell Biol 13: 690-702 (1993) We have cloned and functionally characterized the human interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) gene promoter. The promoter contains a CpG island, with several GC boxes, a CAAT box, but no TATA box. IR93109356 SPT13 (GAL11) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae negatively regulates activity of the MCM1 transcription factor in Ty1 elements. Yu G; Fassler JS Mol Cell Biol 13: 63-71 (1993) The Ty transposable elements of Saccharomyces cerevisiae consist of a single large transcription unit whose expression is controlled by a combination of upstream and downstream regulatory sequences. E93109350 GATA and Ets cis-acting sequences mediate megakaryocyte-specific expression. Lemarchandel V; Ghysdael J; Mignotte V; Rahuel C; Romeo PH Mol Cell Biol 13: 668-76 (1993) The human glycoprotein IIB (GPIIB) gene is expressed only in megakaryocytes, and its promoter displays cell type specificity. We show that this specificity involved two cis-acting sequences. The first93109354 The nucleotide sequence of the lac operator. Gilbert W; Maxam A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 70: 3581-4 (1973) 74055539 Nucleotide sequences of RNA transcribed in infected cells and by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase from a segment of simian virus 40 DNA. Dhar R; Zain S; Weissman SM; Pan J; Subramanian K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 71: 371-5 (1974) 74111654 The genome of simian virus 40. Reddy VB; Thimmappaya B; Dhar R; Subramanian KN; Zain BS; Pan J; Ghosh PK; Celma ML; Weissman SM Science 200: 494-502 (1978) The nucleotide sequence of SV40 DNA was determined, and the sequence was correlated with known genes of the virus and with the structure of viral messenger RNA's. There is a limited overlap of the cod78159686 BK virus DNA: cleavage map and sequence analysis. Yang RC; Wu R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75: 2150-4 (1978) A detailed physical map of the BK virus (MM strain) genome has been constructed with respect to the cleavage sites of 11 different restriction enzymes. The enzymes cut BKV(MM) DNA at 61 specific sites78226323 Amino acid sequence homology between polyoma and SV40 tumour antigens deduced from nucleotide sequences. Friedmann T; Doolittle RF; Walter G Nature 274: 291-3 (1978) 78246981 Sequence of the lacI gene. Farabaugh PJ Nature 274: 765-9 (1978) The structural gene for the lac repressor of Escherichia coli, the lacI gene has been sequenced. This 1,080 base pair region of the E. coli chromosome codes for the lac repressor protein of 360 amino 78246991 DNA sequence of the araBAD promoter in Escherichia coli B/r. Greenfield L; Boone T; Wilcox G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75: 4724-8 (1978) The L-arabinose operon in Escherichia coli is a model system for the study of the control of gene expression. Maximal expression of the araBAD operon requires two positive control components: the araC79116194 Nucleotide sequence of the cro-cII-oop region of bacteriophage 434 DNA. Grosschedl R; Schwarz E Nucleic Acids Res 6: 867-81 (1979) The nucleotide sequence of a 869 bp segment of phage 434 DNA including the regulatory genes cro and cII is presented and compared with the corresponding part of the phage lambda DNA sequence. The 434 79179801 Sequence of inverted terminal repetitions from different adenoviruses: demonstration of conserved sequences and homology between SA7 termini and SV40 DNA. Tolun A; Alestrom P; Pettersson U Cell 17: 705-13 (1979) We have established the nucleotide sequence for the inverted terminal repetition of human adenovirus type 3, a subgroup B adenovirus. The repetition, which is 136 bp long, shows a high degree of homol80001962 The nucleotide sequence and genome organization of the polyoma early region: extensive nucleotide and amino acid homology with SV40. Friedmann T; Esty A; LaPorte P; Deininger P Cell 17: 715-24 (1979) 80001963 Primary structure of an EcoRI fragment of lambda imm434 DNA containing regions cI-cro of phage 434 and cII-o of phage lambda. Ovchinnikov YA; Guryev SO; Krayev AS; Monastyrskaya GS; Skryabin KG; Sverdlov ED; Zakharyev VM; Bayev AA Gene 6: 235-49 (1979) Digestion of phage lambda imm434 DNA with restriction endonuclease EcoRI yields 7 fragments. The shortest among them (1287 bp) contains the right part of the phage 434 immunity region and the phage DN80004841 Interaction site of Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein on DNA of galactose operon promoters. Taniguchi T; O'Neill M; de Crombrugghe B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76: 5090-4 (1979) Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and its receptor protein (CRP) have a dual role in the regulation of the two promoters that control the galactose (gal) operon of Escherichia coli. One promoter, P1, requires cAMP-CR80056640 The genome of human papovavirus BKV. Seif I; Khoury G; Dhar R Cell 18: 963-77 (1979) The complete DNA sequence of human papovavirus BKV(Dun), consisting of 5153 nucleotide pairs, is presented. We describe the segments of the genome which correspond to the replication origin, the tande80090082 Structure of two spliced mRNAs from the transforming region of human subgroup C adenoviruses. Perricaudet M; Akusjarvi G; Virtanen A; Pettersson U Nature 281: 694-6 (1979) 81012104 Structure and gene organization in the transformed Hind III-G fragment of Ad12. Sugisaki H; Sugimoto K; Takanami M; Shiroki K; Saito I; Shimojo H; Sawada Y; Uemizu Y; Uesugi S; Fujinaga K Cell 20: 777-86 (1980) The nucleotide sequence of the transforming Hind III-G fragment of Ad12 DNA which encompasses the left 6.8% of the genome has been determined. The fragment was 2320 nucleotides long, and contained a G81022638 The nucleotide sequence of the transforming early region E1 of adenovirus type 5 DNA. van Ormondt H; Maat J; van Beveren CP Gene 11: 299-309 (1980) The sequence of the leftmost 11.3% of the non-oncogenic human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) DNA has been determined. This segment contains the entire early region E1 of the Ad5 genome which has been shown t81165537 Nucleotide sequence of the lexA gene of E. coli. Horii T; Ogawa T; Ogawa H Cell 23: 689-97 (1981) Using a cloned fragment containing the lexA gene of E. coli, the entire nucleotide sequence of the lexA gene has been determined. The probable coding region of the lexA gene contains 606 nucleotide re81186269 The araC gene of Escherichia coli: transcriptional and translational start-points and complete nucleotide sequence. Wallace RG; Lee N; Fowler AV Gene 12: 179-90 (1980) The nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli araC gene and flanking regions have been determined from a series of overlapping fragments using the technique of base-specific chemical cleavage of Max81237780 Gene organization of the transforming region of weakly oncogenic adenovirus type 7: the E1a region. Dijkema R; Dekker BM; van Ormondt H; de Waard A; Maat J; Boyer HW Gene 12: 287-99 (1980) The structures of adenovirus type 7 (Ad7) cytoplasmic RNAs transcribed from the leftmost 4.5% of the viral genome during lytic infection of KB cells have been determined. The E1a region was found to s81237792 Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Breathnach R; Chambon P Annu Rev Biochem 50: 349-83 (1981) 81280512 The nucleotide sequence of the cloned rpoD gene for the RNA polymerase sigma subunit from E coli K12. Burton Z; Burgess RR; Lin J; Moore D; Holder S; Gross CA Nucleic Acids Res 9: 2889-903 (1981) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the rpoD gene which codes for the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase from E. coli K12. The gene, which we formerly cloned as a HindIII restriction fragment i82014879 Distinctive nucleotide sequences adjacent to multiple initiation and termination sites of an early vaccinia virus gene. Venkatesan S; Baroudy BM; Moss B Cell 25: 805-13 (1981) Poxviruses, unlike other DNA viruses, replicate in the cytoplasm of infected cells and use their own system of transcription. Examination on one early mRNA synthesized in vivo and in vitro indicated t82025592 DNA sequence of the araBAD-araC controlling region in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Horwitz AH; Heffernan L; Morandi C; Lee JH; Timko J; Wilcox G Gene 14: 309-19 (1981) The araB and araC genes of Salmonella typhimurium have been cloned onto the plasmid pBR322. Restriction analysis and subcloning of restriction fragments localized these genes to a 4.4 kb DNA fragment.82051289 Gene organization and primary structure of a ribosomal RNA operon from Escherichia coli. Brosius J; Dull TJ; Sleeter DD; Noller HF J Mol Biol 148: 107-27 (1981) 82055570 Structure, variation and synthesis of retrovirus long terminal repeat. Temin HM Cell 27: 1-3 (1981) 82115324 The sequence of the DNAs coding for the mating-type loci of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Astell CR; Ahlstrom-Jonasson L; Smith M; Tatchell K; Nasmyth KA; Hall BD Cell 27: 15-23 (1981) The complete sequences of the yeast a mating-type locus, MATa, and of the silent alpha cassette, HML alpha, have been determined. A segment of 642 nucleotides is unique to MATa, and a corresponding se82115330 In vitro mutation analysis of the mating-type locus in yeast. Tatchell K; Nasmyth KA; Hall BD; Astell C; Smith M Cell 27: 25-35 (1981) The mating-type locus (MAT) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a complex locus that codes for the regulators of cell type. Two unique messages are transcribed from each MAT allele. Using the in vitro muta82115339 Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of the gene for E. coli cAMP receptor protein. Aiba H; Fujimoto S; Ozaki N Nucleic Acids Res 10: 1345-61 (1982) The crp gene of E. coli, which codes for cAMP receptor protein (CRP), has been cloned in the plasmid pBR322 on the basis of a genetic complementation. One of the recombinant plasmids, pHA1, was shown 82174313 Nucleotide sequence of the transforming gene of avian myeloblastosis virus. Rushlow KE; Lautenberger JA; Papas TS; Baluda MA; Perbal B; Chirikjian JG; Reddy EP Science 216: 1421-3 (1982) Avian myeloblastosis virus is defective in reproductive capacity, requiring a helper virus to provide the viral proteins essential for synthesis of new infectious virus. This virus arose by recombinat82223743 Transcriptional control signals of a eukaryotic protein-coding gene. McKnight SL; Kingsbury R Science 217: 316-24 (1982) Transcriptional control signals of a model eukaryotic protein-coding gene have been identified by a new procedure of in vitro mutagenesis. This method allows small clusters of nucleotide residues to b82223802 Do steroid receptors recognize DNA sequences? [news] Tata JR Nature 298: 707-8 (1982) 82272313 The primary structure and genetic organization of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 genome. Chen EY; Howley PM; Levinson AD; Seeburg PH Nature 299: 529-34 (1982) The complete nucleotide sequence of the doubt-stranded circular DNA of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) was determined. Analysis of this sequence in conjunction with known transcriptional data for83012974 The nucleotide sequence of the araC regulatory gene in Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Clarke P; Lin HC; Wilcox G Gene 18: 157-63 (1982) The nucleotide sequence of the araC regulatory gene of Salmonella typhimurium LT2 has been determined. This sequence and the predicted araC translational product are compared to their counterparts in 83028530 A regulatory upstream promoter element in the Drosophila hsp 70 heat- shock gene. Pelham HR Cell 30: 517-28 (1982) Deletion mutants of the Drosophila hsp 70 heat-shock gene have been assayed in COS cells using a vector that contains an SV40 replication origin. COS cells are SV40-transformed monkey cells that suppo83050937 Osmoregulation of gene expression. I. DNA sequence of the ompR gene of the ompB operon of Escherichia coli and characterization of its gene product. Wurtzel ET; Chou MY; Inouye M J Biol Chem 257: 13685-91 (1982) The ompB region on the Escherichia coli chromosome codes for two genes, ompR and envZ, which are required for the osmolarity sensitive biosynthetic regulation of the outer membrane matrix proteins (po83056871 Restriction enzyme analysis of partially transformation-defective mutants of acute leukemia virus MC29. Enrietto PJ; Hayman MJ J Virol 44: 711-5 (1982) Restriction enzyme mapping and limited sequence analysis have been used to study the generation and genome structure of three partial- transformation mutants of avian acute leukemia virus MC29. The th83059934 Nucleotide sequence of the early genes 3 and 4 of bacteriophage phi 29. Escarmis C; Salas M Nucleic Acids Res 10: 5785-98 (1982) The nucleotide sequence of an early region of the phi 29 genome has been determined. The sequenced region includes genes 3 and 4, which code for the protein covalently linked to the 5' ends of phi 29 83064518 Cuticle protein genes of Drosophila: structure, organization and evolution of four clustered genes. Snyder M; Hunkapiller M; Yuen D; Silvert D; Fristrom J; Davidson N Cell 29: 1027-40 (1982) Most of a 9 kb region of the Drosophila genome containing genes for several cuticle proteins has been sequenced. Five cuticle-gene-like sequences have been identified and mapped. Amino acid sequences 83103095 Deletion mapping of DNA regions required for SV40 early region promoter function in vivo. Fromm M; Berg P J Mol Appl Genet 1: 457-81 (1982) The SV40 early region promoter, previously localized to the DNA segment bounded by the HpaII and HindIII restriction sites (nucleotides 346 and 5171), was further defined by construction of an extensi83110644 Positive control and autogenous regulation of the nifLA promoter in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Drummond M; Clements J; Merrick M; Dixon R Nature 301: 302-7 (1983) The nitrogen fixation (nif) genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae are specifically regulated by the products of the nifLA operon. We have located the promoter of this operon, and identified sequences require83115275 Human globin psi B2 is not a globin-related sequence. Shen SH; Smithies O Nucleic Acids Res 10: 7809-18 (1982) We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of 3.4 kilobase pairs of DNA covering the region of the human beta globin gene cluster where a human globin-related sequence psi beta 2 was thought 83116993 Multiple point mutations affecting the simian virus 40 enhancer. Weiher H; Konig M; Gruss P Science 219: 626-31 (1983) Enhancers, or activators, dramatically increase the transcriptional activity of certain eukaryotic genes. A series of multiple point mutations affecting the simian virus 40 (SV40) enhancer-activator r83119921 Nucleotide sequence of the retroviral leukemia gene v-myb and its cellular progenitor c-myb: the architecture of a transduced oncogene. Klempnauer KH; Gonda TJ; Bishop JM Cell 31: 453-63 (1982) The oncogene (v-myb) of avian myeloblastosis virus and a large portion of its cellular homolog (c-myb) have been molecularly cloned and sequenced. The portion of c-myb we analyzed contains seven inter83129359 Site-specific base substitution and deletion mutations that enhance or suppress transcription of the SV40 major late RNA. Brady J; Radonovich M; Vodkin M; Natarajan V; Thoren M; Das G; Janik J; Salzman NP Cell 31: 625-33 (1982) Transcriptional analysis of SV40 late promoter mutants indicates that the DNA sequence 5'-GGTACCTAACC-3' (map positions 294-304) is important in the control of SV40 late RNA expression. C to T base su83129377 Topography of simian virus 40 A protein-DNA complexes: arrangement of pentanucleotide interaction sites at the origin of replication. DeLucia AL; Lewton BA; Tjian R; Tegtmeyer P J Virol 46: 143-50 (1983) Investigation of the DNA binding properties of the simian virus 40 (SV40) A protein (large T antigen) and the hybrid adenovirus-SV40 D2 protein revealed that both viral proteins protect similar region83138977 Identification and nucleotide sequence of a human locus homologous to the v-myc oncogene of avian myelocytomatosis virus MC29. Colby WW; Chen EY; Smith DH; Levinson AD Nature 301: 722-5 (1983) Avian myelocytomatosis virus MC29 is a replication-defective acute leukaemia virus which induces a variety of tumours in chickens including sarcomas, renal and hepatic carcinomas, and myelocytomatosis83141777 Repetitive satellite-like sequences are present within or upstream from 3 avian protein-coding genes. Maroteaux L; Heilig R; Dupret D; Mandel JL Nucleic Acids Res 11: 1227-43 (1983) Peculiar DNA sequences made up by the tandem repetition of a 5 bp unit have been identified within or upstream from three avian protein-coding genes. One sequence is located within an intron of the ch83143343 A control element within a structural gene: the gal operon of Escherichia coli. Irani MH; Orosz L; Adhya S Cell 32: 783-8 (1983) The gal operon of Escherichia coli is transcribed from two overlapping promoters, PG1 and PG2. Cyclic AMP and its receptor protein (CRP) modulate the two promoters in opposite directions by binding to83155655 Repeated DNA sequences upstream from HIS1 also occur at several other co-regulated genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hinnebusch AG; Fink GR J Biol Chem 258: 5238-47 (1983) The HIS1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes ATP phosphoribosyltransferase, the first enzyme in the pathway of histidine biosynthesis. We have cloned this gene by complementation of a his1 auxotr83161150 Homologous nucleotide sequences at the 5' termini of messenger RNAs synthesized from the yeast enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene families. The primary structure of a third yeasHolland JP; Labieniec L; Swimmer C; Holland MJ J Biol Chem 258: 5291-9 (1983) Genomic DNA containing a third yeast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase structural gene has been isolated on a bacterial plasmid designated pgap11. The complete nucleotide sequence of this struc83161156 Nucleotide sequence analysis of the chicken c-myc gene reveals homologous and unique coding regions by comparison with the transforming gene of avian myelocytomatosis virus MC29, delta gag-myc. Watson DK; Reddy EP; Duesberg PH; Papas TS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 2146-50 (1983) Myelocytomatosis virus MC29 is a defective avian retrovirus with a hybrid transforming gene (delta gag-myc) consisting of a 1,358-base pair (bp) sequence from the retroviral gag gene and a 1,568-bp se83169838 Analysis of FBJ-MuSV provirus and c-fos (mouse) gene reveals that viral and cellular fos gene products have different carboxy termini. Van Beveren C; van Straaten F; Curran T; Muller R; Verma IM Cell 32: 1241-55 (1983) The complete nucleotide sequence of the FBJ-MuSV proviral DNA and the cellular homolog (c-fos) of its oncogene (v-fos) have been determined. The 4026 nucleotide long FBJ-MuSV proviral DNA contains two83180421 Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage lambda DNA. Sanger F; Coulson AR; Hong GF; Hill DF; Petersen GB J Mol Biol 162: 729-73 (1982) 83189071 Nucleotide sequence analysis of the proviral genome of avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29). Reddy EP; Reynolds RK; Watson DK; Schultz RA; Lautenberger J; Papas TS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 2500-4 (1983) The nucleotide sequence of the integrated proviral genome of avian myelocytomatosis virus (MC29) coding for gag-myc protein has been determined. By comparison of this nucleotide sequence with the help83195085 Promoters regulated by the glnG (ntrC) and nifA gene products share a heptameric consensus sequence in the -15 region. Ow DW; Sundaresan V; Rothstein DM; Brown SE; Ausubel FM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 2524-8 (1983) We have determined the nucleotide sequences of the Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL (regulation of N2 fixation genes) and the Escherichia coli glnA (glutamine synthetase) promoters. We compared these sequen83195090 Negatively supercoiled simian virus 40 DNA contains Z-DNA segments within transcriptional enhancer sequences. Nordheim A; Rich A Nature 303: 674-9 (1983) Three 8-base pair (bp) segments of alternating purine-pyrimidine from the simian virus 40 enhancer region form Z-DNA on negative supercoiling; minichromosome DNase I-hypersensitive sites determined by83219298 Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA of human c-myc oncogene. Watt R; Stanton LW; Marcu KB; Gallo RC; Croce CM; Rovera G Nature 303: 725-8 (1983) Like other transforming genes of retroviruses, the v-myc gene of the avian virus, MC29, has a homologue in the genome of normal eukaryotic cells. The human cellular homologue, c-myc, located on human 83219310 Complete nucleotide sequence of a human c-onc gene: deduced amino acid sequence of the human c-fos protein. van Straaten F; Muller R; Curran T; Van Beveren C; Verma IM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 3183-7 (1983) The complete nucleotide sequence of the c-fos(human) gene, the human cellular homolog of the oncogene (v-fos) of Finkel-Biskis-Jinkins murine osteosarcoma virus, has been determined. The c-fos(human) 83221560 Human adult T-cell leukemia virus: complete nucleotide sequence of the provirus genome integrated in leukemia cell DNA. Seiki M; Hattori S; Hirayama Y; Yoshida M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 3618-22 (1983) Human retrovirus adult T-cell leukemia virus (ATLV) has been shown to be closely associated with human adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) [Yoshida, M., Miyoshi, I. & Hinuma, Y. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 83221647 Activation of the cellular oncogene c-erbB by LTR insertion: molecular basis for induction of erythroblastosis by avian leukosis virus. Fung YK; Lewis WG; Crittenden LB; Kung HJ Cell 33: 357-68 (1983) Avian leukosis virus (ALV), a slowly oncogenic retrovirus, induces in chickens a variety of neoplasms, including lymphoid leukosis and erythroblastosis. In lymphoid leukosis, a cellular oncogene, c-my83232871 Transcription terminates in yeast distal to a control sequence. Henikoff S; Kelly JD; Cohen EH Cell 33: 607-14 (1983) We have investigated transcription termination on a segment of Drosophila DNA that complements a yeast adenine-8 mutation. Poly(A)+ RNA transcribed from this segment in yeast terminates at multiple si83232895 Molecular basis for modulated regulation of gene expression in the arginine regulon of Escherichia coli K-12. Cunin R; Eckhardt T; Piette J; Boyen A; Pierard A; Glansdorff N Nucleic Acids Res 11: 5007-19 (1983) We compare the nucleotide sequences of the regulatory regions of five genes or groups of genes of the arginine regulon of Escherichia coli K- 12: argF, argI, argR, the bipolar argECBH operon and the c83272947 Primary structure of the immI immunity region of bacteriophage P22. Sauer RT; Krovatin W; DeAnda J; Youderian P; Susskind MM J Mol Biol 168: 699-713 (1983) The DNA sequence of the immI immunity region of bacteriophage P22 has been determined. This region includes the ant gene, which encodes the P22 antirepressor protein, and the mnt and arc genes, which 83294541 The glucocorticoid receptor binds to defined nucleotide sequences near the promoter of mouse mammary tumour virus. Scheidereit C; Geisse S; Westphal HM; Beato M Nature 304: 749-52 (1983) Glucocorticoids are known to induce the transcription of integrated proviral mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) genes in a variety of cell lines derived from mouse mammary tumours. Chimaeric genes in w83297683 Amplified DNA with limited homology to myc cellular oncogene is shared by human neuroblastoma cell lines and a neuroblastoma tumour. Schwab M; Alitalo K; Klempnauer KH; Varmus HE; Bishop JM; Gilbert F; Brodeur G; Goldstein M; Trent J Nature 305: 245-8 (1983) Amplified cellular genes in mammalian cells frequently manifest themselves as double minute chromosomes (DMs) and homogeneously staining regions of chromosomes (HSRs). With few exceptions both karyoty83297728 The tetracycline resistance determinants of RP1 and Tn1721: nucleotide sequence analysis. Waters SH; Rogowsky P; Grinsted J; Altenbuchner J; Schmitt R Nucleic Acids Res 11: 6089-105 (1983) Nucleotide sequences of the homologous tetracycline resistance (tet) determinants of plasmid RP1 and transposon Tn1721 have been determined. Two open reading frames of divergent polarity have been ass83299270 The nif promoters of Klebsiella pneumoniae have a characteristic primary structure. Beynon J; Cannon M; Buchanan-Wollaston V; Cannon F Cell 34: 665-71 (1983) We have determined the precise point of transcription initiation for five nif (nitrogen fixation) operons of Klebsiella pneumoniae and sequenced the promoters. Our results show that nifF is transcribe84002273 Overlapping divergent promoters control expression of Tn10 tetracycline resistance. Bertrand KP; Postle K; Wray LV Jr; Reznikoff WS Gene 23: 149-56 (1983) We have previously examined the genetic organization and regulation of the Tn10 tetracycline-resistance determinant in Escherichia coli K-12. The structural genes for tetA, the Tn10 tetracycline-resis84005886 A 5'-flanking sequence essential for progesterone regulation of an ovalbumin fusion gene. Dean DC; Knoll BJ; Riser ME; O'Malley BW Nature 305: 551-4 (1983) Ovalbumin gene transcripts are not detectable in unstimulated chick oviducts but comprise about half of oviduct cell transcripts after steroid hormone induction. This seems to result mostly from an in84014108 Specific binding of a cellular DNA replication protein to the origin of replication of adenovirus DNA. Nagata K; Guggenheimer RA; Hurwitz J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 6177-81 (1983) Nuclear factor I, a 47-kilodalton protein, purified from nuclear extracts of uninfected HeLa cells, is involved in the initiation and possibly the elongation of replicating adenovirus (Ad) DNA in vitr84016017 Nucleotide sequence of v-rel: the oncogene of reticuloendotheliosis virus. Stephens RM; Rice NR; Hiebsch RR; Bose HR Jr; Gilden RV Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80: 6229-33 (1983) The nucleotide sequence of v-rel, the oncogene carried by reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV), has been determined. The defective transforming genome REV arose through the insertion of v-rel (1,415 nucl84016028 oli1 Transcripts in wild type and in a cytoplasmic Thalenfeld BE; Bonitz SG; Nobrega FG; Macino G; Tzagoloff A J Biol Chem 258: 14065-8 (1983) Subunit 9 of ATPase is known to be encoded in the oli1 gene of yeast mitochondrial DNA. The oli1 transcripts of wild type and of a cytoplasmic "petite" mutant have been analyzed by hybridization of mi84061832 Tripartite structure of the avian erythroblastosis virus E26 transforming gene. Nunn MF; Seeburg PH; Moscovici C; Duesberg PH Nature 306: 391-5 (1983) Only two avian oncogenic viruses specifically cause acute leukaemias yet do not transform chicken fibroblasts in culture: E26, which causes erythroblastosis and a low level of concomitant myeloblastos84068165 An improved positive selection plasmid vector constructed by oligonucleotide mediated mutagenesis. Nilsson B; Uhlen M; Josephson S; Gatenbeck S; Philipson L Nucleic Acids Res 11: 8019-30 (1983) An Escherichia coli plasmid vector, pUN121, has been constructed which allows for positive selection of transformants harboring DNA inserts. The positive selection of transformants harboring DNA inser84069819 Sequence-specific binding of glucocorticoid receptor to MTV DNA at sites within and upstream of the transcribed region. Payvar F; DeFranco D; Firestone GL; Edgar B; Wrange O; Okret S; Gustafsson JA; Yamamoto KR Cell 35: 381-92 (1983) Glucocorticoid receptor protein stimulates transcription initiation within murine mammary tumor virus (MTV) DNA sequences in vivo, and interacts selectively with MTV DNA in vitro. We mapped and compar84082063 Altered nucleotide sequences of a translocated c-myc gene in Burkitt lymphoma. Rabbitts TH; Hamlyn PH; Baer R Nature 306: 760-5 (1983) The nucleotide sequence of a translocated c-myc gene in a Burkitt lymphoma reveals multiple base changes in the coding region. Twenty- five base changes, generating 16 codon alterations, were found in84093574 Activation of a translocated human c-myc gene by an enhancer in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus. Hayday AC; Gillies SD; Saito H; Wood C; Wiman K; Hayward WS; Tonegawa S Nature 307: 334-40 (1984) A tissue-specific transcriptional enhancer element that is associated with the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus is defined. In a non- Hodgkin's lymphoma that contains a translocated c-myc gene t84117466 Preferential binding of estrogen-receptor complex to a region containing the estrogen-dependent hypomethylation site preceding the chicken vitellogenin II gene. Jost JP; Seldran M; Geiser M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 429-33 (1984) DNA-cellulose competition binding assays were used to measure the ability of cloned DNA fragments of the chicken vitellogenin II gene to displace the estrogen-receptor complex from total chicken DNA c84119500 Precise identification of individual promoters for transcription of each strand of human mitochondrial DNA. Chang DD; Clayton DA Cell 36: 635-43 (1984) The major site of in vivo transcriptional initiation for both heavy and light strands of human mitochondrial DNA is the displacement-loop region. Transcripts synthesized in vitro by human mitochondria84130174 DNA sequence and genome organization of genital human papillomavirus type 6b. Schwarz E; Durst M; Demankowski C; Lattermann O; Zech R; Wolfsperger E; Suhai S; zur Hausen H EMBO J 2: 2341-8 (1983) The complete nucleotide sequence of the circular double-stranded DNA of the genital human papillomavirus type 6b (HPV6b) comprising 7902 bp was determined and compared with the DNA sequences of human 84131949 Sequence of the murine and human cellular myc oncogenes and two modes of myc transcription resulting from chromosome translocation in B lymphoid tumours. Bernard O; Cory S; Gerondakis S; Webb E; Adams JM EMBO J 2: 2375-83 (1983) The 15;12 chromosome translocation in murine plasmacytomas and the 8;14 in human Burkitt lymphomas often link the cellular myc oncogene to the locus for constant regions of immunoglobulin heavy chains84131953 The junctions between the repetitive and the short unique sequences of the herpes simplex virus genome are determined by the polypeptide- coding regions of two spliced immediate-early mRNAs. Whitton JL; Clements JB J Gen Virol 65 : 451-66 (1984) Immediate-early (IE) mRNAs-4 and -5 of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV- 2) are transcribed from the IRs/TRs genome regions towards the Us region. Each of these spliced mRNAs has an untranslated leade84137573 Primary structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 gene. Laughon A; Gesteland RF Mol Cell Biol 4: 260-7 (1984) The GAL4 gene encodes a positive regulator of the galactose-inducible genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recently, GAL4 has been cloned and its 2.8-kilobase mRNA has been identified. We report here th84141879 Role of an upstream regulatory element in leucine repression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae leu2 gene. Martinez-Arias A; Yost HJ; Casadaban MJ Nature 307: 740-2 (1984) The expression of a number of eukaryotic genes has been shown to involve at least two sequences located upstream of the actual transcription unit: one of these sequences, centred on a widely conserved84142229 Characterization of DNA sequences through which cadmium and glucocorticoid hormones induce human metallothionein-IIA gene. Karin M; Haslinger A; Holtgreve H; Richards RI; Krauter P; Westphal HM; Beato M Nature 308: 513-9 (1984) Deletion experiments have defined two stretches of DNA (genetic elements), lying close to the promoter for a human gene for metallothionein, that separately mediate the induction of the gene by heavy 84168159 Transcription of a cloned Xenopus laevis H4 histone gene in the homologous frog oocyte system depends on an evolutionary conserved sequence motif in the -50 region. Clerc RG; Bucher P; Strub K; Birnstiel ML Nucleic Acids Res 11: 8641-57 (1983) A cloned Xenopus laevis H4 histone gene has been expressed in the X.laevis oocyte nucleus. The homologous histone H4 gene can be correctly and efficiently expressed in the frog oocyte even in presence84169505 Human papillomavirus 1a complete DNA sequence: a novel type of genome organization among papovaviridae. Danos O; Katinka M; Yaniv M EMBO J 1: 231-6 (1982) The complete nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 1a (7811 nucleotides) has been established. The overall organization of the viral genome is different from that of other related papovavir84182467 Nucleotide sequence of the human c-myc locus: provocative open reading frame within the first exon. Gazin C; Dupont de Dinechin S; Hampe A; Masson JM; Martin P; Stehelin D; Galibert F EMBO J 3: 383-7 (1984) The nucleotide sequence of a HindIII-EcoRI DNA fragment, 8 kbp long, of a lambda recombinant containing the whole human c-myc gene has been deduced by the method of Maxam and Gilbert. This fragment en84182501 Two protein-binding sites in chromatin implicated in the activation of heat-shock genes. Wu C Nature 309: 229-34 (1984) The resistance to exonuclease digestion of two regions of chromatin at the 5' end of heat-shock genes in Drosophila implies they have protein bound to them. The pattern of resistance before and after 84191545 Structure of the 5' ends of immunoglobulin genes: a novel conserved sequence. Parslow TG; Blair DL; Murphy WJ; Granner DK Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 2650-4 (1984) Recent investigations have suggested that tissue-specific regulatory factors are required for immunoglobulin gene transcription. Cells of the mouse lymphocytoid pre-B-cell line 70Z/3 contain a constit84194064 Cyclic AMP receptor protein: role in transcription activation. de Crombrugghe B; Busby S; Buc H Science 224: 831-8 (1984) The structure of this pleiotropic activator of gene transcription in bacteria and its interaction sites at promoter DNA's as well as the role of this protein in the RNA polymerase-promoter interaction84196370 The distal transcription signals of the herpesvirus tk gene share a common hexanucleotide control sequence. McKnight SL; Kingsbury RC; Spence A; Smith M Cell 37: 253-62 (1984) The two distal transcription signals of the herpesvirus tk gene share a common hexanucleotide sequence and function in a mutually dependent manner. We examined their roles by introducing corresponding84205648 Chromatin structure and protein binding in the putative regulatory region of the c-myc gene in Burkitt lymphoma. Siebenlist U; Hennighausen L; Battey J; Leder P Cell 37: 381-91 (1984) A chromosomal myc gene displays one of three patterns of activity depending upon the arrangement of the gene and its allelic partner. In nonmalignant B cells both myc alleles are normally expressed. I84205672 A homologous protein-coding sequence in Drosophila homeotic genes and its conservation in other metazoans. McGinnis W; Garber RL; Wirz J; Kuroiwa A; Gehring WJ Cell 37: 403-8 (1984) The homeotic genes of the bithorax complex (BX-C) and the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C) of Drosophila appear to specify the developmental fate of segments or parts of segments of the fly. We have previ84205674 Cloning of an X. laevis gene expressed during early embryogenesis coding for a peptide region homologous to Drosophila homeotic genes. Carrasco AE; McGinnis W; Gehring WJ; De Robertis EM Cell 37: 409-14 (1984) A Xenopus laevis gene was cloned on the basis of cross-homology to a region conserved between several Drosophila homeotic genes. It was shown to be expressed during early development, starting at late84205675 Sequences in the promoter region of the chicken lysozyme gene required for steroid regulation and receptor binding. Renkawitz R; Schutz G; von der Ahe D; Beato M Cell 37: 503-10 (1984) We have constructed a series of deletion mutants in the lysozyme promoter region fused to the SV40 T-antigen coding region. Regulated expression was tested after microinjection of the lysozyme deletio84205684 Analysis of DNA sequences which regulate the transcription of a herpes simplex virus immediate early gene. Preston CM; Cordingley MG; Stow ND J Virol 50: 708-16 (1984) The locations and functions of DNA sequences involved in transcription of the gene encoding herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early (IE) mRNAs 4 and 5 were analyzed by use of a transient-expressio84216449 The TGGCA-binding protein: a eukaryotic nuclear protein recognizing a symmetrical sequence on double-stranded linear DNA. Borgmeyer U; Nowock J; Sippel AE Nucleic Acids Res 12: 4295-311 (1984) Low salt extracts of chicken oviduct nuclei contain a DNA binding protein with high affinity for specific DNA sequences in the flanking regions of the chicken lysozyme gene. Two of the three binding s84221360 Contacts between hormone receptor and DNA double helix within a glucocorticoid regulatory element of mouse mammary tumor virus. Scheidereit C; Beato M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 3029-33 (1984) Glucocorticoid hormones enhance the transcription of mouse mammary tumor virus DNA by mechanisms involving a direct interaction of the hormone receptor with four binding sites in a glucocorticoid regu84221898 Sequencing the erbA gene of avian erythroblastosis virus reveals a new type of oncogene. Debuire B; Henry C; Bernissa M; Biserte G; Claverie JM; Saule S; Martin P; Stehelin D Science 224: 1456-9 (1984) Avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) contains two distinct oncogenes, erbA and erbB . The erbB oncogene, which is homologous to a portion of the epidermal growth factor receptor, is related to the src f84223957 Drosophila maternal and embryo mRNAs transcribed from a single transcription unit use alternate combinations of exons. Vincent A; O'Connell P; Gray MR; Rosbash M EMBO J 3: 1003-13 (1984) We have investigated the organization and transcription of several genes in Drosophila melanogaster which are clustered on an 18-kb cloned DNA fragment (c25) that maps at 99D on the cytogenetic map. M84236096 The yeast MATa1 gene contains two introns. Miller AM EMBO J 3: 1061-5 (1984) In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae there are two mating types, a and alpha, which may mate to produce an a/alpha diploid. Mating type is determined by the allele (MATa or MAT alpha) occupying the M84236101 Sequence of a Drosophila segmentation gene: protein structure homology with DNA-binding proteins. Laughon A; Scott MP Nature 310: 25-31 (1984) Mutations in the fushi tarazu (ftz) locus of Drosophila result in embryos with half the usual number of body segments. The sequences of the wild-type gene, a temperature-sensitive allele and a dominan84245843 Correct transcription of an immunoglobulin kappa gene requires an upstream fragment containing conserved sequence elements. Falkner FG; Zachau HG Nature 310: 71-4 (1984) Transcription of the immunoglobulin kappa light-chain genes depends on the presence of a TATA box upstream of the leader gene segment and is regulated by an enhancer sequence in the large intron. In s84245856 Structural relationships among genes that control development: sequence homology between the Antennapedia, Ultrabithorax, and fushi tarazu loci of Drosophila. Scott MP; Weiner AJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 4115-9 (1984) Genes that regulate the development of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster exist as tightly linked clusters in at least two cases. These clusters, the bithorax complex (BX-C) and the Antennapedia co84248068 Structure of 3' terminal region of type II human T lymphotropic virus: evidence for new coding region. Haseltine WA; Sodroski J; Patarca R; Briggs D; Perkins D; Wong-Staal F Science 225: 419-21 (1984) The sequence of the 3' terminus of the human T lymphotropic virus type II (HTLV-II) was determined and compared to the corresponding sequence of HTLV-I. The 1557-nucleotide-long sequence can be divide84250188 DNA sequence and expression of the B95-8 Epstein-Barr virus genome. Baer R; Bankier AT; Biggin MD; Deininger PL; Farrell PJ; Gibson TJ; Hatfull G; Hudson GS; Satchwell SC; Seguin C; et al Nature 310: 207-11 (1984) The complete (172,282 base pairs) nucleotide sequence of the B95-8 strain of Epstein-Barr virus has been established using the dideoxynucleotide/M13 sequencing procedure. Many RNA polymerase II promot84270667 Nucleotide sequence comparison of normal and translocated murine c-myc genes. Stanton LW; Fahrlander PD; Tesser PM; Marcu KB Nature 310: 423-5 (1984) Plasmacytoid tumours in mice and Burkitt's lymphomas in humans display characteristic chromosomal translocations involving the c-myc proto- oncogene. Models to explain quantitative changes in c-myc ex84270712 Nucleotide sequence 5' of the chicken c-myc coding region: localization of a noncoding exon that is absent from myc transcripts in most avian leukosis virus-induced lymphomas. Shih CK; Linial M; Goodenow MM; Hayward WS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 4697-701 (1984) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the 2.2-kilobase-pair region upstream of the chicken c-myc coding exons. Using RNA blot analysis, we have localized a noncoding exon to a region that is s84272700 Rescue of adeno-associated virus from recombinant plasmids: gene correction within the terminal repeats of AAV. 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Bell GI; Merryweather JP; Sanchez-Pescador R; Stempien MM; Priestley L; Scott J; Rall LB Nature 310: 775-7 (1984) The insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II are single-chain serum proteins of 70 and 67 amino acids, respectively, which are synthesized by the liver and possibly other tissues. They are probably 84295592 5' untranslated sequences are required for the translational control of a yeast regulatory gene. Thireos G; Penn MD; Greer H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 5096-100 (1984) In yeast, many genes encoding amino acid biosynthetic enzymes are subject to a common regulatory system called the general control of amino acid biosynthesis. The product of the regulatory gene GCN4 i84298088 Nucleic acid sequences of the oncogene v-rel in reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T and its cellular homolog, the proto-oncogene c-rel. Wilhelmsen KC; Eggleton K; Temin HM J Virol 52: 172-82 (1984) Reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T (Rev-T) is a highly oncogenic replication-defective retrovirus which contains the oncogene v-rel. It is thought that Rev-T arose when a virus similar to Rev-A, the85009850 Analysis of a cloned colicin Ib gene: complete nucleotide sequence and implications for regulation of expression. Varley JM; Boulnois GJ Nucleic Acids Res 12: 6727-39 (1984) The complete nucleotide sequence of a 2,971 base pair EcoRI fragment carrying the structural gene for colicin Ib has been determined. The length of the gene is 1,881 nucleotides which is predicted to 85014128 Human DNA sequences homologous to a protein coding region conserved between homeotic genes of Drosophila. Levine M; Rubin GM; Tjian R Cell 38: 667-73 (1984) Several human DNA sequences were isolated by virtue of homology to a highly conserved region that has been identified in a number of homeotic genes in Drosophila. Structural analysis of the human DNAs85024858 A homeo-box-containing gene expressed during oogenesis in Xenopus. Muller MM; Carrasco AE; DeRobertis EM Cell 39: 157-62 (1984) We report the isolation of a second Xenopus gene containing a homeo domain homologous to those of Drosophila. Out of 60 amino acids, 59 are conserved with Antennapedia, and 54 with a previously isolat85024889 Multiple binding sites for polyomavirus large T antigen within regulatory sequences of polyomavirus DNA. Cowie A; Kamen R J Virol 52: 750-60 (1984) Polyomavirus large T antigen binds specifically to multiple sites within the regulatory region of the viral genome. Experiments done with crude extracts from wild-type virus-infected mouse cells and i85033939 Nucleotide sequence of the repressor gene of the RA1 tetracycline resistance determinant: structural and functional comparison with three related Tet repressor genes. Unger B; Klock G; Hillen W Nucleic Acids Res 12: 7693-703 (1984) The tetracycline resistance determinant of RA1 was cloned. It consists of at least two genes oriented with opposite polarity, tetA for resistance and tetR for regulation. The transcriptional control s85037938 Evidence for translational regulation of the activator of general amino acid control in yeast. Hinnebusch AG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 6442-6 (1984) The GCN4 gene encodes a positive regulator of unlinked amino acid biosynthetic genes in yeast. I present evidence that the GCN4 gene is itself regulated by amino acid availability and that the regulat85038531 Heat shock regulatory gene (htpR) of Escherichia coli is required for growth at high temperature but is dispensable at low temperature. Yura T; Tobe T; Ito K; Osawa T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 6803-7 (1984) Nonsense mutations affecting the positive regulatory gene (htpR) of heat shock response have been obtained in a strain of Escherichia coli carrying no suppressor. The mutants can grow only at temperat85038603 Structural analysis of the genes encoding the molybdenum-iron protein of nitrogenase in the Parasponia rhizobium strain ANU289. Weinman JJ; Fellows FF; Gresshoff PM; Shine J; Scott KF Nucleic Acids Res 12: 8329-44 (1984) The genes encoding the Molybdenum-Iron protein component of nitrogenase (nifD and nifK) have been identified and fully characterised in the Parasponia Rhizobium strain ANU289. The two genes are contig85062817 Sequence homologies in the region preceding the transcription initiation site of the liver estrogen-responsive vitellogenin and apo- VLDLII genes. Walker P; Germond JE; Brown-Luedi M; Givel F; Wahli W Nucleic Acids Res 12: 8611-26 (1984) In the liver of oviparous vertebrates vitellogenin gene expression is controlled by estrogen. The nucleotide sequence of the 5' flanking region of the Xenopus laevis vitellogenin genes A1, A2, B1 and 85062836 Molecular basis of DNA sequence recognition by the catabolite gene activator protein: detailed inferences from three mutations that alter DNA sequence specificity. Ebright RH; Cossart P; Gicquel-Sanzey B; Beckwith J Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 7274-8 (1984) Previously, we reported that substitution of Glu-181 of the catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) by lysine, leucine, or valine results in a protein that has specificity for A X T base pairs at posi85063773 A 12-base-pair DNA motif that is repeated several times in metallothionein gene promoters confers metal regulation to a heterologous gene. Stuart GW; Searle PF; Chen HY; Brinster RL; Palmiter RD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 7318-22 (1984) To define DNA sequences involved in mouse metallothionein-I (MT-I) gene promoter function and metal regulation, we fused the 5' flanking sequences of the MT-I gene to the coding sequences of a viral t85063782 Duplicated heavy metal control sequences of the mouse metallothionein-I gene. Carter AD; Felber BK; Walling MJ; Jubier MF; Schmidt CJ; Hamer DH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 7392-6 (1984) We present evidence that two distinct regions of the DNA upstream from the mouse metallothionein-I gene contain metal-responsive regulatory sites. This result was obtained by analyzing a systematic se85063796 The construction of a versatile plasmid vector that allows direct selection of fragments cloned into six unique sites of the cI gene of coliphage 434. Nikolnikov S; Posfai G; Sain B Gene 30: 261-5 (1984) A new plasmid vector, pNS1, is described that allows positive selection for bacterial transformants carrying recombinant plasmids. It is a derivative of pBR327, and it includes a regulatory region fro85077624 Yeast regulatory gene PPR1. I. Nucleotide sequence, restriction map and codon usage. Kammerer B; Guyonvarch A; Hubert JC J Mol Biol 180: 239-50 (1984) The PPR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae controls the transcription of two unlinked structural genes URA1 and URA3. The primary structure of this eukaryotic regulatory gene and its flanking regions h85083082 Differences in regulatory sequences of naturally occurring JC virus variants. Martin JD; King DM; Slauch JM; Frisque RJ J Virol 53: 306-11 (1985) The regulatory region was sequenced for DNAs representative of seven independent isolates of JC virus, the probable agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The isolates included an oncoge85083266 Nucleotide sequence of the yeast regulatory gene GAL80. Nogi Y; Fukasawa T Nucleic Acids Res 12: 9287-98 (1984) The GAL80 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a negative regulatory protein for the set of inducible genes involving metabolism of galactose and melibiose. We have determined the nucleotide seque85087937 Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the fusion (F) glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus. Collins PL; Huang YT; Wertz GW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 81: 7683-7 (1984) The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA encoding the F protein of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus (strain A2) was determined from cDNA clones that contain the complete mRNA sequence. The mRNA is 1899 nuc85088471 B lineage--specific interactions of an immunoglobulin enhancer with cellular factors in vivo. Ephrussi A; Church GM; Tonegawa S; Gilbert W Science 227: 134-40 (1985) The mouse heavy chain immunoglobulin gene contains a tissue-specific enhancer. The enhancer and flanking sequences were studied in vivo by carrying out dimethyl sulfate protection experiments on livin85090419 The engrailed locus of Drosophila: structural analysis of an embryonic transcript. Poole SJ; Kauvar LM; Drees B; Kornberg T Cell 40: 37-43 (1985) cDNA clones originating from the engrailed gene of Drosophila have been isolated from recombinant phage libraries that were made using poly(A)+ RNA extracted from early embryos. The DNA sequence of on85099327 E1a regions of the human adenoviruses and of the highly oncogenic simian adenovirus 7 are closely related. Kimelman D; Miller JS; Porter D; Roberts BE J Virol 53: 399-409 (1985) Simian adenovirus 7 (SA7) is a highly oncogenic virus, capable of causing tumors in hamsters upon the direct injection of viral DNA. We determined the transcriptional organization of the transforming 85108128 The nucleotide sequences recognized by the glucocorticoid receptor in the rabbit uteroglobin gene region are located far upstream from the initiation of transcription. Cato AC; Geisse S; Wenz M; Westphal HM; Beato M EMBO J 3: 2771-8 (1984) Although the expression of the uteroglobin gene in the lung is regulated by glucocorticoids, no binding sites for the glucocorticoid receptor are found in the promoter region nor can they be observed 85126870 Characterization of two genes required for the position-effect control of yeast mating-type genes. Shore D; Squire M; Nasmyth KA EMBO J 3: 2817-23 (1984) The mating type of haploid yeast (a or alpha) is determined by information present at the MAT locus. Identical copies of a and alpha information are present at distal loci (HMR and HML), but transcrip85126876 Essential and nonessential sequences in malPp, a positively controlled promoter in Escherichia coli. Raibaud O; Gutierrez C; Schwartz M J Bacteriol 161: 1201-8 (1985) A plasmid bearing the malPp promoter was digested with Bal31 to obtain a set of deletions with closely spaced endpoints in the upstream region of this promoter. Some of these deletions were sequenced,85130804 Bacteriophage SPO1 genes 33 and 34. Location and primary structure of genes encoding regulatory subunits of Bacillus subtilis RNA polymerase. Costanzo M; Brzustowicz L; Hannett N; Pero J J Mol Biol 180: 533-47 (1984) Bacteriophage SPO1 gene 33 and 34 products are required for SPO1 late gene transcription. Both proteins bind to the core RNA polymerase of the Bacillus subtilis host to direct the recognition of SPO1 85134870 Glucocorticoid and progesterone receptors bind to the same sites in two hormonally regulated promoters. von der Ahe D; Janich S; Scheidereit C; Renkawitz R; Schutz G; Beato M Nature 313: 706-9 (1985) The glucocorticoid receptor of rat liver recognizes nucleotide sequences near the promoter of mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV) required for hormonal induction in gene transfer experiments. Similar nu85137874 Cell-type-specific contacts to immunoglobulin enhancers in nuclei. Church GM; Ephrussi A; Gilbert W; Tonegawa S Nature 313: 798-801 (1985) The introns separating the variable and constant regions of active immunoglobulin genes contain tissue-specific transcriptional enhancer elements, DNA segments which act in cis in an orientation- and 85137896 Point mutation generates constitutive expression of an inducible eukaryotic gene. Sumrada RA; Cooper TG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 643-7 (1985) We describe the analysis of two cis-dominant mutations that result in constitutive expression of the inducible CAR1 gene from yeast. One mutation results from insertion of a Ty element just upstream f85140152 The first intron of the human growth hormone gene contains a binding site for glucocorticoid receptor. Moore DD; Marks AR; Buckley DI; Kapler G; Payvar F; Goodman HM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 699-702 (1985) Glucocorticoid receptor (GCR) protein stimulates transcription from a variety of cellular genes. We show here that GCR partially purified from rat liver binds specifically to a site within the first i85140164 DNA sequence analysis of the dye gene of Escherichia coli reveals amino acid homology between the dye and OmpR proteins. Drury LS; Buxton RS J Biol Chem 260: 4236-42 (1985) Mutation of the dye gene of Escherichia coli results in sensitivity of dyes, envelope protein changes, loss of expression of alkaline phosphatase, and reduced transcription of sex factor F genes. We h85157583 High-affinity binding site for a specific nuclear protein in the human IgM gene. Hennighausen L; Siebenlist U; Danner D; Leder P; Rawlins D; Rosenfeld P; Kelly T Jr Nature 314: 289-92 (1985) Proteins binding to specific regions of DNA with high affinity frequently govern or regulate reactions at the gene level. We have identified a high-affinity binding site in the immunoglobulin mu gene 85163737 Genomic structure of the cottontail rabbit (Shope) papillomavirus. Giri I; Danos O; Yaniv M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 1580-4 (1985) The nucleotide sequence of the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV or Shope papillomavirus) genome has been determined. The overall organization of the genome is similar to that of the other three 85166175 Specific DNA binding of GAL4, a positive regulatory protein of yeast. Giniger E; Varnum SM; Ptashne M Cell 40: 767-74 (1985) We show by the following series of experiments that the yeast positive regulatory protein GAL4 binds to four sites in the upstream activating sequence UASG to activate transcription of the adjacent GA85176930 Isolation of the proto-oncogene c-myb from D. melanogaster. Katzen AL; Kornberg TB; Bishop JM Cell 41: 449-56 (1985) We have isolated the proto-oncogene c-myb from Drosophila melanogaster. This gene is represented by a single locus at position 13E-F on the X chromosome, and is expressed in early embryos by transcrip85176969 Delimitation and properties of DNA sequences required for the regulated expression of human interferon-beta gene. Fujita T; Ohno S; Yasumitsu H; Taniguchi T Cell 41: 489-96 (1985) The human interferon-beta (IFN-beta) gene contains sequences within its 5'-flanking region that mediate the virus-induced activation of mRNA transcription. A series of mutant IFN-beta genes, including85176973 Human beta-interferon gene expression is regulated by an inducible enhancer element. Goodbourn S; Zinn K; Maniatis T Cell 41: 509-20 (1985) We have localized the regulatory sequence required for viral or poly(I)- poly(C) activation of human beta-interferon gene expression to a region located between -37 and -77 from the mRNA cap site. Thi85176975 A very strong enhancer is located upstream of an immediate early gene of human cytomegalovirus. Boshart M; Weber F; Jahn G; Dorsch-Hasler K; Fleckenstein B; Schaffner W Cell 41: 521-30 (1985) A strong transcription enhancer was identified in the genomic DNA (235 kb) of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous and severe pathogen of the herpesvirus group. Cotransfection of enhancerless SV85176976 A high affinity topoisomerase I binding sequence is clustered at DNAase I hypersensitive sites in Tetrahymena R-chromatin. Bonven BJ; Gocke E; Westergaard O Cell 41: 541-51 (1985) Topoisomerase I is associated with DNAase I hypersensitive sites in the nontranscribed spacers flanking the rRNA genes in Tetrahymena thermophila. The endogenous topoisomerase I introduces site and st85176978 Identification and comparison of two sequence elements that confer cell- type specific transcription in yeast. Miller AM; MacKay VL; Nasmyth KA Nature 314: 598-603 (1985) The MAT alpha 2 protein of budding yeast represses a set of genes; if the MATa1 protein is also present, a further set of genes is repressed. DNA sequence comparisons reveal a 20-base pair 'operator' 85188294 Structural analysis of murine genes containing homoeo box sequences and their expression in embryonal carcinoma cells. Colberg-Poley AM; Voss SD; Chowdhury K; Gruss P Nature 314: 713-8 (1985) The presence of homoeo box sequences in the genomes of vertebrates has suggested that these metazoans possess the equivalent of the homoeotic genes that have a key role in regulating the development o85188311 Characterization of the spo0A locus and its deduced product. Ferrari FA; Trach K; LeCoq D; Spence J; Ferrari E; Hoch JA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 2647-51 (1985) The highly pleiotropic stage 0 sporulation locus of Bacillus subtilis, spo0A, has been cloned in bacteriophage lambda, subcloned in plasmids, and sequenced. The locus was found to code for a protein o85190553 Nucleotide sequences of the sporulation gene spo0A and its mutant genes of Bacillus subtilis. Kudoh J; Ikeuchi T; Kurahashi K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 2665-8 (1985) 85190557 Nucleotide sequence of two overlapping myc-related genes in avian carcinoma virus OK10 and their relation to the myc genes of other viruses and the cell. Hayflick J; Seeburg PH; Ohlsson R; Pfeifer-Ohlsson S; Watson D; Papas T; Duesberg PH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 2718-22 (1985) Avian carcinoma virus OK10 has the genetic structure gag-delta pol-myc- delta env. It shares the transformation-specific myc sequence with three other avian carcinoma viruses (MC29, MH2, CMII) and als85190568 Interaction of specific nuclear factors with the nuclease- hypersensitive region of the chicken adult beta-globin gene: nature of the binding domain. Emerson BM; Lewis CD; Felsenfeld G Cell 41: 21-30 (1985) We have studied the properties of a factor or factors that bind selectively to the 5' flanking region of the chicken adult beta-globin (beta A-globin) gene. We previously showed that these components,85201671 A frameshift mutation at the junction of an IS1 insertion within lacZ restores beta-galactosidase activity via formation of an active lacZ- IS1 fusion protein. Malamy MH; Rahaim PT; Hoffman CS; Baghdoyan D; O'Connor MB; Miller JF J Mol Biol 181: 551-5 (1985) The insertion of IS1 elements into lacZ results in the loss of beta- galactosidase activity, and such insertions exert a severe polar effect on the expression of the distal genes of the operon. In add85210885 Site-specific DNA binding of nuclear factor I: analyses of cellular binding sites. Gronostajski RM; Adhya S; Nagata K; Guggenheimer RA; Hurwitz J Mol Cell Biol 5: 964-71 (1985) Nuclear factor I is a cellular site-specific DNA-binding protein required for the efficient in vitro replication of adenovirus DNA. We have characterized human DNA sequences to which nuclear factor I 85213500 Structural features and restricted expression of a human alpha-tubulin gene. Hall JL; Cowan NJ Nucleic Acids Res 13: 207-23 (1985) The nucleotide sequence of a human alpha-tubulin gene (b alpha 1) is described. This gene is extensively homologous to a rat alpha-tubulin gene in its coding regions, 3'-untranslated region and, indee85215466 Primary structure of the soybean nodulin-23 gene and potential regulatory elements in the 5'-flanking regions of nodulin and leghemoglobin genes. Mauro VP; Nguyen T; Katinakis P; Verma DP Nucleic Acids Res 13: 239-49 (1985) The nodulin-23 gene of soybean is one of the most abundantly transcribed genes induced during symbiosis with Rhizobium. Using a plasmid (pNod25) from a nodule cDNA library, we have isolated the noduli85215468 An H1 histone gene-specific 5' element and evolution of H1 and H5 genes. Coles LS; Wells JR Nucleic Acids Res 13: 585-94 (1985) In previous studies we have shown that the H5 gene is not closely linked to the dispersed clusters of core and H1 histone genes. Here we emphasise features of H1 and H5 genes relevant to their express85215498 The genes for yeast ribosomal proteins S24 and L46 are adjacent and divergently transcribed. Leer RJ; van Raamsdonk-Duin MM; Kraakman P; Mager WH; Planta RJ Nucleic Acids Res 13: 701-9 (1985) Unlike most yeast ribosomal protein genes studied so far the genes coding for S24 and L46 are adjacent on the genome. Sequence analysis showed that the two genes are transcribed divergently, their ini85215509 Molecular analysis of the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (Adh2) gene of maize. Dennis ES; Sachs MM; Gerlach WL; Finnegan EJ; Peacock WJ Nucleic Acids Res 13: 727-43 (1985) The Adh2 gene of maize has a nucleotide sequence closely related to that of the maize Adh1 gene indicating that the two genes arose from a progenitor gene by a duplication event. The coding regions ar85215511 Nucleotide sequence of a cluster of early and late genes in a conserved segment of the vaccinia virus genome. Plucienniczak A; Schroeder E; Zettlmeissl G; Streeck RE Nucleic Acids Res 13: 985-98 (1985) The nucleotide sequence of a 7.6 kb vaccinia DNA segment from a genomic region conserved among different orthopox virus has been determined. This segment contains a tight cluster of 12 partly overlapp85215527 Drosophila topoisomerase II double-strand DNA cleavage: analysis of DNA sequence homology at the cleavage site. Sander M; Hsieh TS Nucleic Acids Res 13: 1057-72 (1985) In order to study the sequence specificity of double-strand DNA cleavage by Drosophila topoisomerase II, we have mapped and sequenced 16 strong and 47 weak cleavage sites in the recombinant plasmid p 85215530 The TGGCA protein binds to the MMTV-LTR, the adenovirus origin of replication, and the BK virus enhancer. Nowock J; Borgmeyer U; Puschel AW; Rupp RA; Sippel AE Nucleic Acids Res 13: 2045-61 (1985) TGGCA-binding proteins are nuclear proteins with high affinity for double-stranded DNA homologous to the prototype recognition sequence 5'YTGGCANNNTGCCAR 3'. Their ubiquitous tissue distribution in hi85215598 Nucleotide sequence of the 3' exon of the human N-myc gene. Michitsch RW; Melera PW Nucleic Acids Res 13: 2545-58 (1985) We have analyzed a 3.8 kb Eco RI fragment of genomic DNA obtained from the amplified N-myc gene of human neuroblastoma cell line BE(2)-C. This fragment contains an exon with an open reading frame enco85215633 Complete nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of human T-cell leukemia virus type II: an open reading frame for the protease gene. Shimotohno K; Takahashi Y; Shimizu N; Gojobori T; Golde DW; Chen IS; Miwa M; Sugimura T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 3101-5 (1985) The entire nucleotide sequence of an infectious clone of human T-cell leukemia virus type II provirus was determined. This provirus consists of 8952 nucleotides. In addition to long terminal repeats a85216449 Coding and potential regulatory sequences of a cluster of chorion genes in Drosophila melanogaster. Wong YC; Pustell J; Spoerel N; Kafatos FC Chromosoma 92: 124-35 (1985) We have characterized at the nucleotide level a 4.8-kilobase pair segment of the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster, which contains a cluster of three chorion genes, s18-1, s15-1 and s19-1. T85229804 Nucleotide sequence of Rhizobium meliloti 1021 nodulation genes: nodD is read divergently from nodABC. Egelhoff TT; Fisher RF; Jacobs TW; Mulligan JT; Long SR DNA 4: 241-8 (1985) Nodulation (nod) genes are required for Rhizobium meliloti to invade and stimulate nodule formation in its host, alfalfa. We have established the DNA sequence of nodD, nodA, and nodB, which are part o85229955 The adenovirus-2 early EIIa transcription unit possesses two overlapping promoters with different sequence requirements for EIa- dependent stimulation. Zajchowski DA; Boeuf H; Kedinger C EMBO J 4: 1293-300 (1985) The EIa-inducible, EIIa transcription unit of adenovirus-2 is transcribed early in infection from two start sites (+1 or EIIaE1 and - 26 or EIIaE2), neither of which is preceded by canonical TATA box 85230584 Primary structure of the hip gene of Escherichia coli and of its product, the beta subunit of integration host factor. Flamm EL; Weisberg RA J Mol Biol 183: 117-28 (1985) We describe the isolation and sequencing of the hip gene of Escherichia coli and show that it encodes the beta subunit of integration host factor (IHF beta). In order to locate the coding region, we c85237514 mRNA sequence of three respiratory syncytial virus genes encoding two nonstructural proteins and a 22K structural protein. Elango N; Satake M; Venkatesan S J Virol 55: 101-10 (1985) An mRNA sequence of two human respiratory syncytial viral nonstructural protein genes and of a gene for a 22,000-molecular-weight (22K) protein was obtained by cDNA cloning and DNA sequencing. Sequenc85237684 Nucleotide sequence of a transduced myc gene from a defective feline leukemia provirus. Braun MJ; Deininger PL; Casey JW J Virol 55: 177-83 (1985) The nucleotide sequence of a feline v-myc gene and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) flanking regions was determined. Both the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences are very similar to the murine a85237695 Copia is transcriptionally responsive to environmental stress. Strand DJ; McDonald JF Nucleic Acids Res 13: 4401-10 (1985) Adult Drosophila subjected to a variety of environmental stresses that induce classic Drosophila heat shock response simultaneously exhibit a rapid and significant rise in copia homologous transcripts85242110 Nitrogen fixation specific regulatory genes of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium meliloti share homology with the general nitrogen regulatory gene ntrC of K. pneumoniae. Buikema WJ; Szeto WW; Lemley PV; Orme-Johnson WH; Ausubel FM Nucleic Acids Res 13: 4539-55 (1985) We have determined the complete nucleotide sequences of three functionally related nitrogen assimilation regulatory genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium meliloti. These genes are: 1) The K. 85242120 Human papillomavirus type 16 DNA sequence. Seedorf K; Krammer G; Durst M; Suhai S; Rowekamp WG Virology 145: 181-5 (1985) The complete nucleotide sequence of HPV16 DNA (7904 bp) cloned from an invasive cervical carcinoma was determined. Homology comparisons allowed us to align the major open reading frames with the other85246220 A repetitive DNA sequence that confers cell-cycle START (CDC28)- dependent transcription of the HO gene in yeast. Nasmyth K Cell 42: 225-35 (1985) The interconversion of mating types in yeast is initiated by an endonuclease encoded by the HO gene. HO is transcribed only transiently during the G1 phase of the cell cycle, as cells undergo START. A85254922 Genes 55, alpha gt, 47 and 46 of bacteriophage T4: the genomic organization as deduced by sequence analysis. Gram H; Ruger W EMBO J 4: 257-64 (1985) The nucleotide sequence of T4 genes 55, alpha gt, 47 and 46 was determined by a combination of 'classical' procedures and a shotgun approach. Small DNA fragments generated by frequent cleavage with re85257446 Architecture and anatomy of the chromosomal locus in human chromosome 21 encoding the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Levanon D; Lieman-Hurwitz J; Dafni N; Wigderson M; Sherman L; Bernstein Y; Laver-Rudich Z; Danciger E; Stein O; Groner Y EMBO J 4: 77-84 (1985) The SOD-1 gene on chromosome 21 and approximately 100 kb of chromosomal DNA from the 21q22 region have been isolated and characterized. The gene which is present as a single copy per haploid genome sp85257452 Regulation of the expression of the tufB operon: DNA sequences directly involved in the stringent control. Mizushima-Sugano J; Kaziro Y EMBO J 4: 1053-8 (1985) We have located the DNA sequence involved in the stringent control of the Escherichia coli tufB operon. Various deletion and insertion mutants of the promoter locus were constructed by in vitro mutage85257498 Sequence of the Escherichia coli pheST operon and identification of the himA gene. Mechulam Y; Fayat G; Blanquet S J Bacteriol 163: 787-91 (1985) The complete nucleotide sequence of the Escherichia coli pheST operon coding for the two subunits of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase (an alpha 2 beta 2-type enzyme) has been determined. Another open read85261100 Isolation and characterization of the SPT2 gene, a negative regulator of Ty-controlled yeast gene expression. Roeder GS; Beard C; Smith M; Keranen S Mol Cell Biol 5: 1543-53 (1985) The his4-917 mutation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae results from the insertion of the Ty element Ty917 into the regulatory region of the HIS4 gene and renders the cell His-. The hist4-912 delta mutant, 85267670 Deletion analysis identifies a region, upstream of the ADH2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is required for ADR1-mediated derepression. Beier DR; Sledziewski A; Young ET Mol Cell Biol 5: 1743-9 (1985) Deletion analysis was used to identify sequences upstream of the ADH2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that are required for its regulation. 5' and 3' internal deletions of the ADH2 control region wer85267691 Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: site-directed mutagenesis of the nuclear factor I binding site of the Ad2 origin. de Vries E; van Driel W; Tromp M; van Boom J; van der Vliet PC Nucleic Acids Res 13: 4935-52 (1985) The template requirements for efficient adenovirus DNA replication were studied in vitro in a reconstituted system with cloned DNA fragments, containing the Ad2 origin region, as templates. Replicatio85269618 Removal of a 67-base-pair sequence in the noncoding region of protooncogene fos converts it to a transforming gene. Meijlink F; Curran T; Miller AD; Verma IM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 4987-91 (1985) Transformation of fibroblasts by protooncogene fos (c-fos) requires the linkage of viral long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences and interruption of 3'-noncoding sequences. We have identified an A + T-ri85270451 Extensive homology among the largest subunits of eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases. Allison LA; Moyle M; Shales M; Ingles CJ Cell 42: 599-610 (1985) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of two yeast RNA polymerase genes, RPO21 and RPO31, which encode the largest subunits of RNA polymerases II and III, respectively. The RPO21 and RPO31 sequen85282617 Structure of the eukaryotic transcription apparatus: features of the gene for the largest subunit of Drosophila RNA polymerase II. Biggs J; Searles LL; Greenleaf AL Cell 42: 611-21 (1985) The Drosophila melanogaster RpII215 locus encodes the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. We have now mapped the 7 kb transcript of the locus and have determined that it contains four exons and thre85282618 Recognition site of nuclear factor I, a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein from HeLa cells that stimulates adenovirus DNA replication. Leegwater PA; van Driel W; van der Vliet PC EMBO J 4: 1515-21 (1985) Nuclear factor I is a 47-kd protein, isolated from nuclei of HeLa cells, that binds specifically to the inverted terminal repeat of the adenovirus (Ad) DNA and enhances Ad DNA replication in vitro. We85284942 Nucleotide sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae lac genes. Buvinger WE; Riley M J Bacteriol 163: 850-7 (1985) The nucleotide sequences of the Klebsiella pneumoniae lacI and lacZ genes and part of the lacY gene were determined, and these genes were located and oriented relative to one another. The K. pneumonia85289025 Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of deer papillomavirus. Groff DE; Lancaster WD J Virol 56: 85-91 (1985) The genome of deer papillomavirus (DPV) isolated from American white- tailed deer was cloned into pBR322, and the entire nucleotide sequence of 8,374 base pairs was determined. The overall genetic org85293253 Sequence-specific DNA binding of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) to clustered sites in the plasmid maintenance region. Rawlins DR; Milman G; Hayward SD; Hayward GS Cell 42: 859-68 (1985) Latently infected B lymphocytes continuously express an Epstein-Barr Virus nuclear antigen (EBNA-1) required in trans for maintenance of the plasmid state of the EBV genome. Filter binding assays and 86028182 The structure and expression of the murine gene encoding granulocyte- macrophage colony stimulating factor: evidence for utilisation of alternative promoters. Stanley E; Metcalf D; Sobieszczuk P; Gough NM; Dunn AR EMBO J 4: 2569-73 (1985) Two overlapping genomic clones containing the murine granulocyte- macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene have been isolated. On the basis of transfection experiments, we have established t86030235 Identification of proteins involved in the regulation of yeast iso- 1- cytochrome C expression by oxygen. Arcangioli B; Lescure B EMBO J 4: 2627-33 (1985) On the basis of a gel electrophoresis retardation assay, protein(s) which interact specifically with the upstream activating site (UASc) of the yeast iso-1-cytochrome C (CYC1) gene were identified and86030243 Primary characterization of the protein products of the Escherichia coli ompB locus: structure and regulation of synthesis of the OmpR and EnvZ proteins. Comeau DE; Ikenaka K; Tsung KL; Inouye M J Bacteriol 164: 578-84 (1985) The ompB operon of Escherichia coli contains the structural genes for two proteins, OmpR and EnvZ, which control the osmoregulated biosynthesis of the porin proteins OmpF and OmpC. By inserting XbaI o86033612 A mouse homoeo box gene is expressed during embryogenesis and in adult kidney. Jackson IJ; Schofield P; Hogan B Nature 317: 745-8 (1985) The homoeo box sequence of Drosophila is an element located in several genes that regulate segmentation and segment identity; it has homologues in the genomes of vertebrate species and a number of hom86040438 Identification of multiple metal regulatory elements in mouse metallothionein-I promoter by assaying synthetic sequences. Stuart GW; Searle PF; Palmiter RD Nature 317: 828-31 (1985) Metallothionein genes are transcriptionally regulated by a number of inducers including heavy metals. Previous mutational analyses of the mouse metallothionein-I gene (mMTI) promoter have delineated a86040453 Deduced product of the stage 0 sporulation gene spo0F shares homology with the Spo0A, OmpR, and SfrA proteins. Trach KA; Chapman JW; Piggot PJ; Hoch JA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 7260-4 (1985) The location of the stage 0 sporulation locus spo0F has been determined on a cloned fragment of Bacillus subtilis DNA. The spo0F gene and surrounding region was sequenced and was shown to code for a p86042645 Complete DNA sequence of lymphotropic papovavirus: prototype of a new species of the polyomavirus genus. Pawlita M; Clad A; zur Hausen H Virology 143: 196-211 (1985) Lymphotropic papovavirus (LPV) is a new member of the polyomavirus genus. Its host range in vitro is restricted to transformed cells of B- lymphocyte origin. Here the complete 5270-bp DNA sequence of 86045879 The cloning and characterization of the bacteriophage D108 regulatory DNA-binding protein ner. Tolias PP; DuBow MS EMBO J 4: 3031-7 (1985) From the transposable Mu-like bacteriophage D108 we have cloned the ner gene under the control of the lac UV5 promoter in the expression vector pOP95-15. The recombinant plasmid, pPT011, overproduced 86055744 Nucleotide sequence of cDNA clones of the murine myb proto-oncogene. Gonda TJ; Gough NM; Dunn AR; de Blaquiere J EMBO J 4: 2003-8 (1985) We have isolated cDNA clones of murine c-myb mRNA which contain approximately 2.8 kb of the 3.9-kb mRNA sequence. Nucleotide sequencing has shown that these clones extend both 5' and 3' to sequences h86055758 Nucleotide sequence of the major early region of Bacillus subtilis phage PZA, a close relative of phi 29. Paces V; Vlcek C; Urbanek P; Hostomsky Z Gene 38: 45-56 (1985) The 5200-bp nucleotide sequence of the major early region of bacteriophage PZA has been determined. Open reading frames (ORFs) and potential transcriptional and translational regulatory signals were f86056991 Nucleotide sequence of HBI, a novel recombinant MC29 derivative with altered pathogenic properties. Smith DR; Vennstrom B; Hayman MJ; Enrietto PJ J Virol 56: 969-77 (1985) HBI is a recombinant avian retrovirus with novel pathogenic properties that was derived from the myc-containing virus MC29. In contrast to MC29, which causes endotheliomas in chickens, HBI induces lym86062930 The nucleotide sequence of the nitrogen-regulation gene ntrA of Klebsiella pneumoniae and comparison with conserved features in bacterial RNA polymerase sigma factors. Merrick MJ; Gibbins JR Nucleic Acids Res 13: 7607-20 (1985) The nucleotide sequence of the Klebsiella pneumoniae ntrA gene has been determined. NtrA encodes a 53,926 Dalton acidic polypeptide; a calculated molecular weight which is significantly lower than tha86067185 DNA sequence of the herpes simplex virus type 1 gene whose product is responsible for transcriptional activation of immediate early promoters. Dalrymple MA; McGeoch DJ; Davison AJ; Preston CM Nucleic Acids Res 13: 7865-79 (1985) Previous work has shown that transcriptional activation of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate early genes is mediated by a protein species (Vmw65) present in the tegument of infecting virio86067203 Cloning of the human estrogen receptor cDNA. Walter P; Green S; Greene G; Krust A; Bornert JM; Jeltsch JM; Staub A; Jensen E; Scrace G; Waterfield M; et al Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 7889-93 (1985) Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 was fractionated by sucrose gradient centrifugation and fractions enriched in estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA were used to prepare random86068008 A unique structure at the carboxyl terminus of the largest subunit of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II. Corden JL; Cadena DL; Ahearn JM Jr; Dahmus ME Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82: 7934-8 (1985) Purified eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerase II consists of three subspecies that differ in the apparent molecular masses of their largest subunit, designated IIo, IIa, and IIb for polymerase species II86068017 Expression of homologous homeo-box-containing genes in differentiated human teratocarcinoma cells and mouse embryos. Hauser CA; Joyner AL; Klein RD; Learned TK; Martin GR; Tjian R Cell 43: 19-28 (1985) Human chromosome 17 contains a cluster of at least three distinct homeo box regions, Hu1, Hu2, and Hu5, within a 20 kb stretch of DNA. A mouse homeo box region, Mu1, which maps to chromosome 11, was i86079489 Expression during embryogenesis of a mouse gene with sequence homology to the Drosophila engrailed gene. Joyner AL; Kornberg T; Coleman KG; Cox DR; Martin GR Cell 43: 29-37 (1985) Regions of the mouse and human genomes with strong homology to the Drosophila engrailed gene have been identified by Southern blot analysis. One mouse engrailed-like region, Mo-en.1, has been cloned a86079501 Clustered homeo boxes are differentially expressed during murine development. Colberg-Poley AM; Voss SD; Chowdhury K; Stewart CL; Wagner EF; Gruss P Cell 43: 39-45 (1985) A murine homeo box (m6-12) known to be expressed during differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells lies within a cluster of homeo boxes located in 30 kilobase pairs of genomic DNA. We have establish86079512 Homeo box genes of the Antennapedia and bithorax complexes of Drosophila. Regulski M; Harding K; Kostriken R; Karch F; Levine M; McGinnis W Cell 43: 71-80 (1985) The Antennapedia, Ultrabithorax, and fushi tarazu genes of Drosophila melanogaster each contain a very similar protein coding sequence, the homeo box. Previously cloned homeo box sequences were used t86079516 The ARD1 gene of yeast functions in the switch between the mitotic cell cycle and alternative developmental pathways. Whiteway M; Szostak JW Cell 43: 483-92 (1985) Mutations in the yeast gene ARD1 lead to inability to respond to alpha- factor, inability to enter stationary phase, and inability to sporulate, suggesting an important role for the ARD1 gene product 86079530 Structure of the Escherichia coli K12 regulatory gene tyrR. Nucleotide sequence and sites of initiation of transcription and translation. Cornish EC; Argyropoulos VP; Pittard J; Davidson BE J Biol Chem 261: 403-10 (1986) The nucleotide sequence of 1964 base pairs of the Escherichia coli K12 chromosome containing the autogenously regulated regulatory gene tyrR has been determined. The site of initiation of transcriptio86085847 Sequence and structure of the serendipity locus of Drosophila melanogaster. A densely transcribed region including a blastoderm- specific gene. Vincent A; Colot HV; Rosbash M J Mol Biol 186: 149-66 (1985) The transcriptional organization of the Drosophila melanogaster serendipity (sry) locus (previously designated EH8) has been investigated by DNA sequencing, S1 nuclease mapping, and primer extension a86089101 Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Hollenberg SM; Weinberger C; Ong ES; Cerelli G; Oro A; Lebo R; Thompson EB; Rosenfeld MG; Evans RM Nature 318: 635-41 (1985) Identification of complementary DNAs encoding the human glucocorticoid receptor predicts two protein forms, of 777 (alpha) and 742 (beta) amino acids, which differ at their carboxy termini. The protei86092206 Domain structure of human glucocorticoid receptor and its relationship to the v-erb-A oncogene product. Weinberger C; Hollenberg SM; Rosenfeld MG; Evans RM Nature 318: 670-2 (1985) The interaction of steroids with their nuclear receptors induces a cascade of regulatory events that results from the activation of specific sets of genes by the hormone/receptor complex. Steroids, ei86092211 Human N-myc is closely related in organization and nucleotide sequence to c-myc. Kohl NE; Legouy E; DePinho RA; Nisen PD; Smith RK; Gee CE; Alt FW Nature 319: 73-7 (1986) N-myc, a cellular gene related to the c-myc proto-oncogene, was originally identified on the basis of its very frequent amplification and overexpression in a restricted set of tumours, most notably hu86092232 Detailed analysis of the mouse H-2Kb promoter: enhancer-like sequences and their role in the regulation of class I gene expression. Kimura A; Israel A; Le Bail O; Kourilsky P Cell 44: 261-72 (1986) Sequencing and deletion analyses of the H-2Kb promoter have suggested that several regions may be important for expression and regulation of this gene. Two of these regions are conserved inside the pr86106202 Nucleotide sequence of chicken c-myb complementary DNA and implications for myb oncogene activation. Rosson D; Reddy EP Nature 319: 604-6 (1986) Avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV), like other acute transforming viruses, arose by recombination between its helper virus and host cellular sequences. The latter sequences, termed v-myb, are responsibl86118729 Revised assignment for the Bacillus subtilis spo0F gene and its homology with spo0A and with two Escherichia coli genes. Yoshikawa H; Kazami J; Yamashita S; Chibazakura T; Sone H; Kawamura F; Oda M; Isaka M; Kobayashi Y; Saito H Nucleic Acids Res 14: 1063-72 (1986) The nucleotide sequences of spo0F mutant genes which block the early sporulation process of Bacillus subtilis were determined. The mutation sites together with the results of complementation tests sug86120355 Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA. Greene GL; Gilna P; Waterfield M; Baker A; Hort Y; Shine J Science 231: 1150-4 (1986) The mechanism by which the estrogen receptor and other steroid hormone receptors regulate gene expression in eukaryotic cells is not well understood. In this study, a complementary DNA clone containin86122927 Regulation of c-fos transcription in mouse fibroblasts: identification of DNase I-hypersensitive sites and regulatory upstream sequences. Renz M; Neuberg M; Kurz C; Bravo R; Muller R EMBO J 4: 3711-6 (1985) In quiescent mouse fibroblasts, the c-fos gene is expressed at very low levels, but is rapidly and transiently inducible by peptide growth factors. In this study, we have identified in quiescent cells86136016 Nucleotide sequence of the rpsU-dnaG-rpoD operon from Salmonella typhimurium and a comparison of this sequence with the homologous operon of Escherichia coli. Erickson BD; Burton ZF; Watanabe KK; Burgess RR Gene 40: 67-78 (1985) In Escherichia coli the genes encoding ribosomal protein S21 (rpsU), DNA primase (dnaG), and the 70-kDal sigma subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoD) are contained in a single operon. These gene products ar86137422 Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v- erb-A. Green S; Walter P; Kumar V; Krust A; Bornert JM; Argos P; Chambon P Nature 320: 134-9 (1986) We have cloned and sequenced the complete complementary DNA of the oestrogen receptor (ER) present in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The expression of the ER cDNA in HeLa cells produces a protein 86146892 A sensitive and rapid gel retention assay for nuclear factor I and other DNA-binding proteins in crude nuclear extracts. Schneider R; Gander I; Muller U; Mertz R; Winnacker EL Nucleic Acids Res 14: 1303-17 (1986) The paper describes a rapid and sensitive assay for DNA binding proteins which interact with specific and defined binding sites. It exploits the observation that complexes of proteins and small synthe86148473 Nucleotide sequence of the human N-myc gene. Stanton LW; Schwab M; Bishop JM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 1772-6 (1986) Human neuroblastomas frequently display amplification and augmented expression of a gene known as N-myc because of its similarity to the protooncogene c-myc. It has therefore been proposed that N-myc 86149381 Structure and expression of the murine N-myc gene. DePinho RA; Legouy E; Feldman LB; Kohl NE; Yancopoulos GD; Alt FW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 1827-31 (1986) We have demonstrated that the entire murine N-myc gene and the sequences necessary for its expression in human neuroblastoma cells are contained within a 7.4-kilobase murine genomic clone. The complet86149392 Common properties of proteins encoded by the Antennapedia complex genes of Drosophila melanogaster. Laughon A; Carroll SB; Storfer FA; Riley PD; Scott MP Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 50: 253-62 (1985) 86162966 Spatial restriction in expression of a mouse homoeo box locus within the central nervous system. Awgulewitsch A; Utset MF; Hart CP; McGinnis W; Ruddle FH Nature 320: 328-35 (1986) A common feature of Drosophila homoeo box genes appears to be their spatially restricted expression patterns during morphogenesis. Using Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization to mouse tissu86175026 DNA sequence of Rhizobium trifolii nodulation genes reveals a reiterated and potentially regulatory sequence preceding nodABC and nodFE. Schofield PR; Watson JM Nucleic Acids Res 14: 2891-903 (1986) The Rhizobium trifolii nod genes required for host-specific nodulation of clovers are located on 14 kb of Sym (symbiotic) plasmid DNA. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of a 3.7 kb portion of this r86176774 Conserved nodulation genes from the non-legume symbiont Bradyrhizobium sp. (Parasponia). Scott KF Nucleic Acids Res 14: 2905-19 (1986) A nodulation locus from the broad-host-range, non-legume symbiont Bradyrhizobium sp. (Parasponia) strain ANU289, has been identified by hybridisation to cloned Rhizobium trifolii nodulation (nod) gene86176775 Isolation, physical characterization and expression analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae positive regulatory gene PHO4. Legrain M; De Wilde M; Hilger F Nucleic Acids Res 14: 3059-73 (1986) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO4 gene, which positively controls the expression of phosphatase genes, has been isolated by complementation of a pho4 mutation. The isolated DNA directed integration at86176785 Fine structure genetic analysis of a beta-globin promoter. Myers RM; Tilly K; Maniatis T Science 232: 613-8 (1986) A novel procedure for saturation mutagenesis of cloned DNA was used to obtain more than 100 single base substitutions within the promoter of the mouse beta-major globin gene. The effects of these prom86179883 Identification and characterization of the protein encoded by the human N-myc oncogene. Slamon DJ; Boone TC; Seeger RC; Keith DE; Chazin V; Lee HC; Souza LM Science 232: 768-72 (1986) The human N-myc gene is related to the c-myc proto-oncogene, and has been shown to have transforming potential in vitro. Many studies have reported amplification of N-myc in human neuroblastoma and re86179901 The nucleotide sequence and genome organization of human papilloma virus type 11. Dartmann K; Schwarz E; Gissmann L; zur Hausen H Virology 151: 124-30 (1986) The complete nucleotide sequence of human papilloma virus type 11 (HPV11) DNA (7931 bp) was determined. HPV11 DNA which has been isolated from laryngeal papillomas and from genital warts (condylomata 86181601 The adenovirus type 5 E1A enhancer contains two functionally distinct domains: one is specific for E1A and the other modulates all early units in cis. Hearing P; Shenk T Cell 45: 229-36 (1986) The adenovirus type 5 genome contains two distinct enhancer elements located at the left end of the viral chromosome. The first element is repeated and specifically regulates region E1A transcription 86189935 The intracellular signal for induction of resistance to alkylating agents in E. coli. Teo I; Sedgwick B; Kilpatrick MW; McCarthy TV; Lindahl T Cell 45: 315-24 (1986) The E. coli ada gene positively controls its own expression and that of other genes (alkA, alkB, aidB) involved in repair of DNA alkylation damage. The cloned ada and alkA genes and purified Ada prote86189944 Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus 8: genomic sequence and comparative analysis. Fuchs PG; Iftner T; Weninger J; Pfister H J Virol 58: 626-34 (1986) Human papillomavirus (HPV) 8 induces skin tumors which are at high risk for malignant conversion. The nucleotide sequence of HPV8 has been determined and compared to sequences of papillomaviruses with86200410 Genome organization and nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 33, which is associated with cervical cancer. Cole ST; Streeck RE J Virol 58: 991-5 (1986) The 7,909-nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 33, which is associated with cervical cancer, has been determined and used to deduce the corresponding genome arrangement. Extensive sequence86200464 A human homoeo box gene specifically expressed in spinal cord during embryonic development. Simeone A; Mavilio F; Bottero L; Giampaolo A; Russo G; Faiella A; Boncinelli E; Peschle C Nature 320: 763-5 (1986) Several genes involved in the determination of Drosophila body segments share a conserved DNA sequence of 183 nucleotides termed the homoeo box. Homologous homoeo box sequences have been detected in t86203637 Anti-sense regions in satellite RNA of cucumber mosaic virus form stable complexes with the viral coat protein gene. Rezaian MA; Symons RH Nucleic Acids Res 14: 3229-39 (1986) The interaction in vitro of the RNA of the Q-strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) with its satellite RNA (sat-RNA) has been studied. In hybridisation reactions containing 30% formamide at 45 degrees,86205230 Compilation analysis of histones and histone genes. Wells DE Nucleic Acids Res 14 Suppl: r119-49 (1986) 86205261 Murine myb protooncogene mRNA: cDNA sequence and evidence for 5' heterogeneity. Bender TP; Kuehl WM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3204-8 (1986) We have sequenced two overlapping cDNA clones from a murine pro-B cell library to generate a composite sequence that includes 3413 bases of the murine c-myb mRNA. There is a single long open reading f86205865 Receptors for glucocorticosteroid and progesterone recognize distinct features of a DNA regulatory element. von der Ahe D; Renoir JM; Buchou T; Baulieu EE; Beato M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 2817-21 (1986) The chicken lysozyme gene can be induced in oviduct cells by four classes of steroid hormones, including glucocorticosteroids and progestins. The glucocorticosteroid receptor of rat liver and the prog86206046 Detection of factors that interact with the human beta-interferon regulatory region in vivo by DNAase I footprinting. Zinn K; Maniatis T Cell 45: 611-8 (1986) We have used a DNAase I genomic footprinting procedure to detect interactions between cellular factors and the regulatory sequences of the human beta-interferon gene. Prior to induction with poly(I)- 86218074 Functional homology between the sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins nuclear factor I from HeLa cells and the TGGCA protein from chicken liver. Leegwater PA; van der Vliet PC; Rupp RA; Nowock J; Sippel AE EMBO J 5: 381-6 (1986) Nuclear factor I from HeLa cells, a protein with enhancing function in adenovirus DNA replication, and the chicken TGGCA protein are specific DNA-binding proteins that were first detected by independe86220117 Sequence and domain relationships of ntrC and nifA from Klebsiella pneumoniae: homologies to other regulatory proteins. Drummond M; Whitty P; Wootton J EMBO J 5: 441-7 (1986) We have determined the nucleotide sequences of two genes from Klebsiella pneumoniae, nifA, the nif-specific activator of transcription and ntrC, the bifunctional regulatory protein involved in 'nitrog86220124 Direct evidence that p40x of human T-cell leukemia virus type I is a trans-acting transcriptional activator. Seiki M; Inoue J; Takeda T; Yoshida M EMBO J 5: 561-5 (1986) Human T-cell leukemia virus type I has a unique sequence, pX, between the env gene and the 3'LTR (long terminal repeat). This sequence codes for p40x, which was proposed to trans-activate transcriptio86220135 A GAL family of upstream activating sequences in yeast: roles in both induction and repression of transcription. Bram RJ; Lue NF; Kornberg RD EMBO J 5: 603-8 (1986) Binding sites for the GAL4-positive regulatory protein have been identified upstream of six galactose-inducible genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the basis of (i) protection in DNAse I footprints, 86220139 Nucleotide sequence of the ARGRII regulatory gene and amino acid sequence homologies between ARGRII PPRI and GAL4 regulatory proteins. Messenguy F; Dubois E; Descamps F Eur J Biochem 157: 77-81 (1986) We report here the DNA sequence of the ARGRII gene, one of the three regulatory genes involved in controlling the anabolism and catabolism of arginine in yeast. This gene encodes a protein of 880 amin86220196 Structural features of the murine dihydrofolate reductase transcription termination region: identification of a conserved DNA sequence element. Frayne EG; Kellems RE Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4113-25 (1986) Structural features of the transcription termination region for the mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene have been determined and compared with those of several other known termination regions for prote86232546 The trfB region of broad host range plasmid RK2: the nucleotide sequence reveals incC and key regulatory gene trfB/korA/korD as overlapping genes. Thomas CM; Smith CA Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4453-69 (1986) We report the nucleotide sequence of the trfB region of broad host range plasmid RK2. This region encodes the following loci: trfB, identical to korA and korD, which encodes a key transcriptional repr86232584 Cell-specific enhancers in the rat exocrine pancreas. Boulet AM; Erwin CR; Rutter WJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3599-603 (1986) Pancreatic amylase, chymotrypsin B, and trypsin I genes are specifically expressed in the exocrine pancreas. The 5'-flanking regions of these genes direct preferential expression of a linked reporter 86233281 Cellular myc (c-myc) in fish (rainbow trout): its relationship to other vertebrate myc genes and to the transforming genes of the MC29 family of viruses. Van Beneden RJ; Watson DK; Chen TT; Lautenberger JA; Papas TS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 3698-702 (1986) We have isolated, cloned, and sequenced the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) c-myc gene. The presumptive coding region of the trout c-myc gene shows extensive homology to the c-myc genes of chicken, mo86233301 Glucocorticoid responsiveness of the transcriptional enhancer of Moloney murine sarcoma virus. Miksicek R; Heber A; Schmid W; Danesch U; Posseckert G; Beato M; Schutz G Cell 46: 283-90 (1986) The long terminal repeat of Moloney Murine Sarcoma Virus (MoMSV) contains an imperfect direct repeat that serves as a strong transcriptional enhancer. The strength of the MoMSV enhancer is strongly de86245074 The chicken oestrogen receptor sequence: homology with v-erbA and the human oestrogen and glucocorticoid receptors. Krust A; Green S; Argos P; Kumar V; Walter P; Bornert JM; Chambon P EMBO J 5: 891-7 (1986) A chicken oviduct cDNA clone containing the complete open reading frame of the oestrogen receptor (ER) has been isolated and sequenced. The mol. wt of the predicted 589-amino acid protein is approxima86247578 Stage-specific expression of a homeo box-containing gene in the non- segmented sea urchin embryo. Dolecki GJ; Wannakrairoj S; Lum R; Wang G; Riley HD; Carlos R; Wang A; Humphreys T EMBO J 5: 925-30 (1986) Hybridization of Drosophila homeo box DNA probes to Southern transfers of genomic DNA from the Hawaiian sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla has revealed that the sea urchin genome contains at least five h86247583 Hepatitis B virus DNA integration in a sequence homologous to v-erb-A and steroid receptor genes in a hepatocellular carcinoma. Dejean A; Bougueleret L; Grzeschik KH; Tiollais P Nature 322: 70-2 (1986) Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is clearly involved in the aetiology of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the finding of HBV DNA integration into human liver DNA in almost all HCCs studied suggested th86257411 Cross-linking of initiation factor IF3 to Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunit by trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II): characterization of two cross-linking sites in 16S rRNA; a possible way of functEhresmann C; Moine H; Mougel M; Dondon J; Grunberg-Manago M; Ebel JP; Ehresmann B Nucleic Acids Res 14: 4803-21 (1986) The initiation factor IF3 is platinated with trans- diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and cross-linked to Escherichia coli 30S ribosomal subunit. Two cross-linking sites are unambiguously identified on the86259060 Homeo box gene expression in anterior and posterior regions of the Drosophila embryo. Hoey T; Doyle HJ; Harding K; Wedeen C; Levine M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 4809-13 (1986) The homeo box is a 180-base-pair coding sequence that has been implicated in the control of Drosophila development. A common feature of the nine previously reported homeo box genes is their involvemen86259687 Studies of the human c-myb gene and its product in human acute leukemias. Slamon DJ; Boone TC; Murdock DC; Keith DE; Press MF; Larson RA; Souza LM Science 233: 347-51 (1986) The myb gene is the transforming oncogene of the avian myeloblastosis virus (AMV); its normal cellular homolog, c-myb, is conserved across a broad span of evolution. In humans, c-myb is expressed in m86261774 A mouse homeo box gene is expressed in spermatocytes and embryos. Rubin MR; Toth LE; Patel MD; D'Eustachio P; Nguyen-Huu MC Science 233: 663-7 (1986) The MH-3 gene, which contains a homeo box that is expressed specifically in the adult testis, was identified and mapped to mouse chromosome 6. By means of in situ hybridization with adult testis secti86261825 Genetic complementation of a glucocorticoid receptor deficiency by expression of cloned receptor cDNA. Miesfeld R; Rusconi S; Godowski PJ; Maler BA; Okret S; Wikstrom AC; Gustafsson JA; Yamamoto KR Cell 46: 389-99 (1986) We isolated and sequenced 6.3 kb of cDNA encoding that rat glucocorticoid receptor, a protein that binds and activates a class of hormone-dependent transcriptional enhancers. Receptor-containing cells86272086 Regulation of human interleukin-2 gene: functional DNA sequences in the 5' flanking region for the gene expression in activated T lymphocytes. Fujita T; Shibuya H; Ohashi T; Yamanishi K; Taniguchi T Cell 46: 401-5 (1986) Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a lymphokine that plays a crucial role in the immune system, especially in the growth control of T lymphocytes. Expression of this lymphokine is restricted to activated T lymph86272087 Nucleotide sequence of the coding region of the mouse N-myc gene. Taya Y; Mizusawa S; Nishimura S EMBO J 5: 1215-9 (1986) A genomic clone for the mouse N-myc gene was isolated and the total nucleotide sequence (4807 bp) of the two coding exons and an intron located between them was determined. The amino acid sequence of 86274623 Isolation of a mouse cDNA coding for a developmentally regulated, testis-specific transcript containing homeo box homology. Wolgemuth DJ; Engelmyer E; Duggal RN; Gizang-Ginsberg E; Mutter GL; Ponzetto C; Viviano C; Zakeri ZF EMBO J 5: 1229-35 (1986) A clone, pHBT-1, containing sequences homologous to Drosophila homeo boxes has been isolated from a mouse testis cDNA library. The sequence is 80% homologous at the DNA level and 88% homologous at the86274625 Embryonic expression and nuclear localization of Xenopus homeobox (Xhox) gene products. Harvey RP; Tabin CJ; Melton DA EMBO J 5: 1237-44 (1986) We have isolated a Xenopus genomic clone (Xhox-1) that contains two homeoboxes, at least one of which is highly conserved in vertebrates. Two transcripts are derived from Xhox-1 and these are present 86274626 Nuclear factor 1 interacts with five DNA elements in the promoter region of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate early gene. Hennighausen L; Fleckenstein B EMBO J 5: 1367-71 (1986) The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a ubiquitous pathogen of the herpesvirus group, has a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 235 kb. The expression of its major immediate early gene (IE1) is entirely 86274639 Two regulatory fim genes, fimB and fimE, control the phase variation of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli. Klemm P EMBO J 5: 1389-93 (1986) The expression of type 1 fimbriae in Escherichia coli is phase dependent, i.e. a cell is either completely fimbriated or bald. This phenomenon is due to the periodic inversion of a specific 300-bp DNA86274643 The nucleotide sequence of the malT gene encoding the positive regulator of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon. Cole ST; Raibaud O Gene 42: 201-8 (1986) The molecular organization of the malT region of the Escherichia coli K- 12 chromosome has been elucidated by nucleotide sequence studies. A single open reading frame of 901 codons comprises the malT 86275993 Nucleotide sequence of gene F of Bacillus phage Nf. Mizukami Y; Sekiya T; Hirokawa H Gene 42: 231-5 (1986) The nucleotide sequence of Bacillus phage Nf gene F has been determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of gpF is very similar to that of gp4, the transcriptional activator of phage phi 29. Both prot86275998 Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of the wild-type and mutant cyclic AMP receptor protein genes from Salmonella typhimurium. Schroeder CJ; Dobrogosz WJ J Bacteriol 167: 616-22 (1986) The crp gene from Salmonella typhimurium, as well as two mutant adenylate cyclase regulation genes designated crpacr-3 and crpacr-4, were cloned into the EcoRI site of plasmid pUC8. Initially cloned o86277921 crp genes of Shigella flexneri, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli. Cossart P; Groisman EA; Serre MC; Casadaban MJ; Gicquel-Sanzey B J Bacteriol 167: 639-46 (1986) The complete nucleotide sequences of the Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and Shigella flexneri 2B crp genes were determined and compared with those of the Escherichia coli K-12 crp gene. The Shigella flexn86277924 Differential binding of a CCAAT DNA binding factor to the promoters of the mouse alpha 2(I) and alpha 1(III) collagen genes. Hatamochi A; Paterson B; de Crombrugghe B J Biol Chem 261: 11310-4 (1986) An exonuclease III assay (Wu, C. (1985) Nature 317, 84-87) was used to identify in nuclear extracts of NIH 3T3 cells a factor which binds to the CCAAT segment of the alpha 2(I) collagen promoter betwe86278237 Structure and transforming function of transduced mutant alleles of the chicken c-myc gene. Patschinsky T; Jansen HW; Blocker H; Frank R; Bister K J Virol 59: 341-53 (1986) A small retroviral vector carrying an oncogenic myc allele was isolated as a spontaneous variant (MH2E21) of avian oncovirus MH2. The MH2E21 genome, measuring only 2.3 kilobases, can be replicated lik86281833 Structural organization and nucleotide sequence of mouse c-myb oncogene: activation in ABPL tumors is due to viral integration in an intron which results in the deletion of the 5' coding sequences. Lavu S; Reddy EP Nucleic Acids Res 14: 5309-20 (1986) Bacteriophage libraries of mouse DNA were screened for sequences homologous to the v-myb oncogene and two overlapping clones containing the v-myb related region were isolated. Restriction enzyme mappi86286545 Identification of a factor in HeLa cells specific for an upstream transcriptional control sequence of an EIA-inducible adenovirus promoter and its relative abundance in infected and uninfected cells. SivaRaman L; Subramanian S; Thimmappaya B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 5914-8 (1986) Utilizing the gel electrophoresis/DNA binding assay, a factor specific for the upstream transcriptional control sequence of the EIA-inducible adenovirus EIIA-early promoter has been detected in HeLa c86287364 Molecular cloning of the chicken progesterone receptor. Conneely OM; Sullivan WP; Toft DO; Birnbaumer M; Cook RG; Maxwell BL; Zarucki-Schulz T; Greene GL; Schrader WT; O'Malley BW Science 233: 767-70 (1986) To define the functional domains of the progesterone receptor required for gene regulation, complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding the chicken progesterone receptor have been isolated from a chicken86289413 Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences. Sen R; Baltimore D Cell 46: 705-16 (1986) To characterize proteins that bind to the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain and the kappa light chain enhancers, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay with end-labeled DNA fragments was used. Three bi86298399 Glucocorticoid receptor binding and activation of a heterologous promoter by dexamethasone by the first intron of the human growth hormone gene. Slater EP; Rabenau O; Karin M; Baxter JD; Beato M Mol Cell Biol 5: 2984-92 (1985) In this study DNA-binding and gene transfer experiments were performed to examine a potential glucocorticoid regulatory element (GRE) in the human growth hormone gene. As assayed by nitrocellulose fil86310764 Distinct factors bind to apparently homologous sequences in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. Weinberger J; Baltimore D; Sharp PA Nature 322: 846-8 (1986) The intron separating the variable- and constant-region exons of the rearranged immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus contains a lymphocyte- specific transcriptional enhancer. The enhancer is a member of a86311318 Association of the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP4 with specific nucleotide sequences in DNA. Faber SW; Wilcox KW Nucleic Acids Res 14: 6067-83 (1986) We report that the herpes simplex virus (HSV) transcription regulatory protein designated ICP4 is a component of a stable complex between protein and specific nucleotide sequences in double-stranded D86312880 Conservation of the c-myc coding sequence in transduced feline v-myc genes. Stewart MA; Forrest D; McFarlane R; Onions D; Wilkie N; Neil JC Virology 154: 121-34 (1986) We have cloned the normal feline c-myc locus and determined the nucleotide sequence of all three exons. The feline c-myc gene shows close homology to other mammalian c-myc genes, particularly human c-86317706 Nucleotide sequence of the CMII v-myc allele. Walther N; Jansen HW; Trachmann C; Bister K Virology 154: 219-23 (1986) The entire nucleotide sequence of the transduced v-myc allele in the genome of avian oncogenic retrovirus CMII was determined. The CMII v- myc and the chicken c-myc alleles differ in their shared codi86317715 The mouse immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer: effect on transcription in vitro and binding of proteins present in HeLa and lymphoid B cell extracts. Augereau P; Chambon P EMBO J 5: 1791-7 (1986) The ability of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain gene (IgH) enhancer to stimulate in vitro transcription from the adenovirus-2 major late promoter (Ad2MLP) has been investigated. In agreement with 87004545 High affinity binding site for nuclear factor I next to the hepatitis B virus S gene promoter. Shaul Y; Ben-Levy R; De-Medina T EMBO J 5: 1967-71 (1986) The hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAG) is encoded by the S gene under the regulation of a promoter in the pre-S1 region. The S gene promoter does not contain a 'TATA' box-like sequence, b87004566 A new homeo-box is present in overlapping cosmid clones which define the mouse Hox-1 locus. Duboule D; Baron A; Mahl P; Galliot B EMBO J 5: 1973-80 (1986) A new murine homeo-box (Hox1-3) has been isolated and studied with respect to its structure and transcriptional pattern. This homeo-box is part of a gene which is specifically regulated during mouse p87004567 Nucleotide sequence of afsB, a pleiotropic gene involved in secondary metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Horinouchi S; Suzuki H; Beppu T J Bacteriol 168: 257-69 (1986) The nucleotide sequence of afsB from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), a pleiotropic gene which positively controls the biosynthesis of A-factor and the pigmented antibiotics actinorhodin and undecylprod87008389 Nucleotide sequence of the phoM region of Escherichia coli: four open reading frames may constitute an operon. Amemura M; Makino K; Shinagawa H; Nakata A J Bacteriol 168: 294-302 (1986) The phoM gene is one of the positive regulatory genes for the phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli. We analyzed the nucleotide sequence of a 4.7-kilobase chromosomal DNA segment that encompasses the 87008393 Genomic sequencing reveals a positive correlation between the kinetics of strand-specific DNA demethylation of the overlapping estradiol/glucocorticoid-receptor binding sites and the rate of avian vitSaluz HP; Jiricny J; Jost JP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 7167-71 (1986) Genomic sequencing was used to study the extent of cytosine methylation of four CpG sites within the regulatory region of the estradiol- inducible avian vitellogenin II gene. Three of these sites, two87016908 Two-component regulatory systems responsive to environmental stimuli share strongly conserved domains with the nitrogen assimilation regulatory genes ntrB and ntrC. Nixon BT; Ronson CW; Ausubel FM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 7850-4 (1986) We report that the ntrB and ntrC proteins of Bradyrhizobium sp. [Parasponia] strain RP501 share homology with other regulatory proteins. There is extensive conservation of C-terminal regions between p87017043 Partial purification of a nuclear protein that binds to the CCAAT box of the mouse alpha 1-globin gene. Cohen RB; Sheffery M; Kim CG Mol Cell Biol 6: 821-32 (1986) We enriched a fraction from nuclear extracts of murine erythroleukemia cells which contains a protein able to form stable complexes with the promoter region of the alpha 1-globin gene. Binding activit87039102 A lymphoid-specific protein binding to the octamer motif of immunoglobulin genes. Staudt LM; Singh H; Sen R; Wirth T; Sharp PA; Baltimore D Nature 323: 640-3 (1986) Immunoglobulin gene promoters are active only in lymphoid cells and this tissue-specific activity requires an octamer sequence, ATTTGCAT. Paradoxically, this same octamer motif seems to be a transcrip87039335 Characterisation of chicken erythroid nuclear proteins which bind to the nuclease hypersensitive regions upstream of the beta A- and beta H- globin genes. Plumb MA; Lobanenkov VV; Nicolas RH; Wright CA; Zavou S; Goodwin GH Nucleic Acids Res 14: 7675-93 (1986) Chicken erythrocyte sequence-specific nuclear DNA-binding proteins, which bind to the 5'-flanking DNAseI hypersensitive sites of the erythrocyte chromosomal beta A- and beta H-globin genes, have been 87040733 Analysis of the Kluyveromyces lactis positive regulatory gene LAC9 reveals functional homology to, but sequence divergence from, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL4 gene. Salmeron JM Jr; Johnston SA Nucleic Acids Res 14: 7767-81 (1986) The galactose metabolism positive regulatory gene from Kluyveromyces lactis, LAC9, has been isolated through its ability to activate expression of galactose metabolism enzyme genes in Saccharomyces ce87040740 A gene essential for Agrobacterium virulence is homologous to a family of positive regulatory loci. Winans SC; Ebert PR; Stachel SE; Gordon MP; Nester EW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 8278-82 (1986) The vir region of Agrobacterium tumefaciens spans at least six transcriptional loci required for crown gall tumorigenesis. The transcriptional induction of two of these vir loci in response to coculti87041440 Interaction of a nuclear factor with the polyomavirus enhancer region. Ostapchuk P; Diffley JF; Bruder JT; Stillman B; Levine AJ; Hearing P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 8550-4 (1986) We have identified a factor present in nuclear extracts of undifferentiated F9 murine embryonal carcinoma cells that specifically interacts with the polyomavirus enhancer region. Nuclease "footprint" 87041493 Isolation, structure, and expression of even-skipped: a second pair- rule gene of Drosophila containing a homeo box. Macdonald PM; Ingham P; Struhl G Cell 47: 721-34 (1986) We report the isolation, sequence, and transcriptional behavior of the Drosophila even-skipped (eve) gene, a member of the pair-rule class of segmentation genes. We show that the eve gene contains a h87051744 Structure of the segmentation gene paired and the Drosophila PRD gene set as part of a gene network. Frigerio G; Burri M; Bopp D; Baumgartner S; Noll M Cell 47: 735-46 (1986) The sequence of paired, a pair-rule gene required for segmentation in Drosophila, is presented. A search for genes with domains homologous to the paired gene was initiated and three homologues from a 87051745 A conserved family of nuclear proteins containing structural elements of the finger protein encoded by Kruppel, a Drosophila segmentation gene. Schuh R; Aicher W; Gaul U; Cote S; Preiss A; Maier D; Seifert E; Nauber U; Schroder C; Kemler R; et al Cell 47: 1025-32 (1986) Kruppel (Kr), a segmentation gene of Drosophila, encodes a protein sharing structural features of the DNA-binding "finger motif" of TFIIIA, a Xenopus transcription factor. Low-stringency hybridization87051757 Conservation of a large protein domain in the segmentation gene paired and in functionally related genes of Drosophila. Bopp D; Burri M; Baumgartner S; Frigerio G; Noll M Cell 47: 1033-40 (1986) Extending our search for homologous domains of the Drosophila paired gene, two closely linked genes at the gooseberry locus have been isolated. Both genes are expressed with a single segment periodici87051758 A termination site for Xenopus RNA polymerase I also acts as an element of an adjacent promoter. McStay B; Reeder RH Cell 47: 913-20 (1986) On the Xenopus laevis ribosomal genes, RNA polymerase traverses the entire repeating unit of gene plus spacer and terminates just upstream of the next gene promoter. A conserved 7 bp element located a87051772 Molecular model of the interaction between the glucocorticoid receptor and the regulatory elements of inducible genes. Scheidereit C; Westphal HM; Carlson C; Bosshard H; Beato M DNA 5: 383-91 (1986) Binding sites for the glucocorticoid receptor in an ecdysone-inducible gene from Drosophila melanogaster and in the chicken vitellogenin gene are described. A comparison with other binding sites for t87053174 The mouse glucocorticoid receptor: mapping of functional domains by cloning, sequencing and expression of wild-type and mutant receptor proteins. Danielsen M; Northrop JP; Ringold GM EMBO J 5: 2513-22 (1986) We have isolated mouse glucocorticoid receptor (GR) cDNAs which, when expressed in transfected mammalian cells, produce a fully functional GR protein. Sequence analysis reveals an open reading frame o87053816 Sequential expression of murine homeo box genes during F9 EC cell differentiation. Breier G; Bucan M; Francke U; Colberg-Poley AM; Gruss P EMBO J 5: 2209-15 (1986) We have isolated and characterized a previously unknown member of the murine homeo box family. The new locus, m31, is located on chromosome 15 and is more homologous to sequences contained in the Dros87053860 Nucleotide sequence of the regulatory gene xylS on the Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid and identification of the protein product [published erratum appears in Gene 1986;45(3):339] Inouye S; Nakazawa A; Nakazawa T Gene 44: 235-42 (1986) The xylS gene is a regulatory gene which positively controls expression of the genes on the TOL plasmid for degradation enzymes of benzoate or m-toluate in Pseudomonas putida. Cloning of the gene in E87055240 Structure of the gene for mouse thymidylate synthase. Locations of introns and multiple transcriptional start sites. Deng TL; Li DW; Jenh CH; Johnson LF J Biol Chem 261: 16000-5 (1986) We have isolated and analyzed the structure of the gene for thymidylate synthase from a 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-resistant 3T6 cell line that overproduces thymidylate synthase 50-fold by virtue of gen87057259 Nucleotide sequence of the phoB gene, the positive regulatory gene for the phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli K-12. Makino K; Shinagawa H; Amemura M; Nakata A J Mol Biol 190: 37-44 (1986) phoB encodes a positive regulator for a number of the genes belonging to the phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli, including phoA, phoS, phoE and ugpAB. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of 87060980 Sequence-specific activation of transcription by adenovirus EIa products is observed in HeLa cells but not in 293 cells. Leff T; Chambon P Mol Cell Biol 6: 201-8 (1986) The adenovirus EIa gene products activate transcription from the viral EIII and EIIaE promoters. We studied the mechanism of this stimulation by constructing a series of chimeric promoter recombinants87064287 Two modes of c-myb activation in virus-induced mouse myeloid tumors [published erratum appears in Mol Cell Biol 1986 Jul;6(7):2756] Shen-Ong GL; Morse HC 3d; Potter M; Mushinski JF Mol Cell Biol 6: 380-92 (1986) Two modes of disruption of the protooncogene c-myb by viral insertional mutagenesis in mouse myeloid tumor cells are described. The first mode was found in six tumors in which a Moloney murine leukemi87064321 Simultaneous expression of salivary and pancreatic amylase genes in cultured mouse hepatoma cells. Darlington GJ; Tsai CC; Samuelson LC; Gumucio DL; Meisler MH Mol Cell Biol 6: 969-75 (1986) The tissue-specific expression of two types of mouse amylase genes does not overlap in vivo; the Amy-1 locus is transcribed in the parotid gland and the liver, while expression of Amy-2 is limited to 87064410 Specific protein binding to the simian virus 40 enhancer in vitro. Wildeman AG; Zenke M; Schatz C; Wintzerith M; Grundstrom T; Matthes H; Takahashi K; Chambon P Mol Cell Biol 6: 2098-105 (1986) HeLa cell nuclear extracts and wild-type or mutated simian virus 40 enhancer DNA were used in DNase I footprinting experiments to study the interaction of putative trans-acting factors with the multip87064501 Sequence organisation and transcriptional regulation of the mouse elastase II and trypsin genes. Stevenson BJ; Hagenbuchle O; Wellauer PK Nucleic Acids Res 14: 8307-30 (1986) Elastase II and trypsin mRNAs were cloned in form of their cDNAs from pancreas of strain A/J mice, and their complete nucleotide sequences were determined. The elastase II mRNA is 912 nucleotides long87066713 Identification of estrogen-responsive DNA sequences by transient expression experiments in a human breast cancer cell line. Seiler-Tuyns A; Walker P; Martinez E; Merillat AM; Givel F; Wahli W Nucleic Acids Res 14: 8755-70 (1986) The expression of a hybrid gene formed by the promoter region of the Xenopus laevis vitellogenin gene B1 and the CAT coding region is regulated by estrogen when the gene is transfected into hormone- r87066756 Sequences closely related to an immunoglobulin gene promoter/enhancer element occur also upstream of other eukaryotic and of prokaryotic genes. Falkner FG; Mocikat R; Zachau HG Nucleic Acids Res 14: 8819-27 (1986) Decanucleotide sequences closely related to the TNATTTGCAT element which occurs upstream of the immunoglobulin genes and in the immunoglobulin gene enhancer were found also upstream of other eukaryoti87066760 Cloning and sequence analysis of rabbit progesterone-receptor complementary DNA. Loosfelt H; Atger M; Misrahi M; Guiochon-Mantel A; Meriel C; Logeat F; Benarous R; Milgrom E Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 9045-9 (1986) Two lambda gt11 clones containing fragments of cDNA encoding the rabbit progesterone receptor were isolated with the aid of monoclonal and monospecific polyclonal antireceptor antibodies. RNA gel blot87067449 Two different cis-active elements transfer the transcriptional effects of both EGF and phorbol esters. Elsholtz HP; Mangalam HJ; Potter E; Albert VR; Supowit S; Evans RM; Rosenfeld MG Science 234: 1552-7 (1986) Short cis-active sequences of the rat prolactin or Moloney murine leukemia virus genes transfer transcriptional regulation by both epidermal growth factor and phorbol esters to fusion genes. These seq87069954 Sequence analysis in the E1 region of adenovirus type 4 DNA. Tokunaga O; Yaegashi T; Lowe J; Dobbs L; Padmanabhan R Virology 155: 418-33 (1986) Adenovirus type 4 (Ad4) is the sole member of adenovirus group E based on overall DNA sequence homology, restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns, and the size of capsid proteins. We cloned the BamH87071662 Structure of the protein encoded by the chicken proto-oncogene c-myb. Gerondakis S; Bishop JM Mol Cell Biol 6: 3677-84 (1986) The retroviral oncogene v-myb arose by transduction of the chicken proto-oncogene c-myb. We isolated and sequenced cDNA that represents the entire coding domain of chicken c-myb. By transcribing the c87089708 Glycolytic gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: nucleotide sequence of GCR1, null mutants, and evidence for expression. Baker HV Mol Cell Biol 6: 3774-84 (1986) In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the gcr mutation is known to have a profound effect on the levels of most glycolytic enzymes, reducing them to 5% of normal or less in growth on noncarbohydrates. Here I r87089718 Multiple protein-binding sites in the 5'-flanking region regulate c-fos expression. Gilman MZ; Wilson RN; Weinberg RA Mol Cell Biol 6: 4305-16 (1986) We tested sequences flanking the mouse c-fos gene for the ability to form specific DNA-protein complexes with factors present in crude nuclear extracts prepared from mammalian cells. Three such comple87089788 Expression of the c-myc proto-oncogene during development of Xenopus laevis. King MW; Roberts JM; Eisenman RN Mol Cell Biol 6: 4499-508 (1986) We isolated and characterized Xenopus laevis c-myc cDNAs from an oocyte- specific library. These cDNA clones encompass 2.35 kilobases of the X. laevis c-myc RNA and contain the entire coding domain of87089810 Multiple transcripts from the Antennapedia gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Stroeher VL; Jorgensen EM; Garber RL Mol Cell Biol 6: 4667-75 (1986) The structures of four major transcripts from the homeotic gene Antennapedia of Drosophila melanogaster were determined. These transcripts constitute two RNA classes, each class initiating from a uniq87089828 The c-erb-A protein is a high-affinity receptor for thyroid hormone. Sap J; Munoz A; Damm K; Goldberg Y; Ghysdael J; Leutz A; Beug H; Vennstrom B Nature 324: 635-40 (1986) Hormone binding and localization of the c-erb-A protein suggest that it is a receptor for thyroid hormone, a nuclear protein that binds to DNA and activates transcription. In contrast, the product of 87090374 The c-erb-A gene encodes a thyroid hormone receptor. Weinberger C; Thompson CC; Ong ES; Lebo R; Gruol DJ; Evans RM Nature 324: 641-6 (1986) The cDNA sequence of human c-erb-A, the cellular counterpart of the viral oncogene v-erb-A, indicates that the protein encoded by the gene is related to the steroid hormone receptors. Binding studies 87090375 Differential and stage-related expression in embryonic tissues of a new human homoeobox gene. Mavilio F; Simeone A; Giampaolo A; Faiella A; Zappavigna V; Acampora D; Poiana G; Russo G; Peschle C; Boncinelli E Nature 324: 664-8 (1986) The homoeobox is a 183 base-pair (bp) DNA sequence conserved in several Drosophila genes controlling segmentation and segment identity. Homoeobox sequences have been detected in the genome of species 87090377 Human c-myb protooncogene: nucleotide sequence of cDNA and organization of the genomic locus. Majello B; Kenyon LC; Dalla-Favera R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83: 9636-40 (1986) We have isolated cDNA clones of the human c-myb mRNA that contain approximately 3.4 kilobases of the approximately 3.8-kilobase mRNA sequence. Nucleotide sequence analysis shows that the c-myb mRNA co87092302 Multiple functional domains in the adenovirus E1A gene. Moran E; Mathews MB Cell 48: 177-8 (1987) 87102864 Cell cycle control of the yeast HO gene: cis- and trans-acting regulators. Breeden L; Nasmyth K Cell 48: 389-97 (1987) In this paper, we investigate the role of a short repeated sequence (CACGA4) in the cell-cycle regulation of HO. We show that this sequence activates transcription of a heterologous gene in a cell-cyc87102888 Expression of the caudal gene in the germ line of Drosophila: formation of an RNA and protein gradient during early embryogenesis. Mlodzik M; Gehring WJ Cell 48: 465-78 (1987) The caudal (cad) gene of Drosophila encodes a maternal and a zygotic transcript which have different promoters. Both mRNAs contain the same open reading frame, including a homeo box. In situ hybridiza87102895 Compilation and analysis of eukaryotic POL II promoter sequences. Bucher P; Trifonov EN Nucleic Acids Res 14: 10009-26 (1986) A representative set of 168 eukaryotic POL II promoters has been compiled from the EMBL library and subjected to computer signal search analysis. Application of this technique to E. coli promoters as 87117506 Molecular analysis of the interaction between an enhancer binding factor and its DNA target. Piette J; Yaniv M Nucleic Acids Res 14: 9595-611 (1986) The fine contacts of a mouse nuclear factor, called PEB1, with the B enhancer of polyoma virus were analyzed. It protects against DNaseI attack a region of about 50 base pairs that can be divided in t87117522 Nucleotide sequence of the virulence gene virG of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens octopine Ti plasmid: significant homology between virG and the regulatory genes ompR, phoB and dye of E. coli. Melchers LS; Thompson DV; Idler KB; Schilperoort RA; Hooykaas PJ Nucleic Acids Res 14: 9933-42 (1986) The entire nucleotide sequence of the virG locus, from the octopine Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain 15955, has been determined. The virG gene is 801 nucleotides in length and has one op87117544 RPC40, a unique gene for a subunit shared between yeast RNA polymerases A and C. Mann C; Buhler JM; Treich I; Sentenac A Cell 48: 627-37 (1987) Yeast RNA polymerases A and C share an approximately equal to 40 kd subunit. We have identified, sequenced, and mutagenized in vitro the AC40 subunit gene. The RPC40 gene is unique in the yeast genome87131075 A multigene family encoding several Chowdhury K; Deutsch U; Gruss P Cell 48: 771-8 (1987) Mouse genomic DNA contains multiple copies of sequences homologous to the Drosophila "Kruppel," a member of the "gap" class of developmental control genes of the fruit fly. The most interesting aspect87131089 Sequence-specific DNA binding of the progesterone receptor to the uteroglobin gene: effects of hormone, antihormone and receptor phosphorylation. Bailly A; Le Page C; Rauch M; Milgrom E EMBO J 5: 3235-41 (1986) The effects of ligand binding and receptor phosphorylation on the interaction of progesterone receptor with specific DNA sequences in the uteroglobin gene were studied by nitro-cellulose filter bindin87133483 Nuclear factors binding specific sequences within the immunoglobulin enhancer interact differentially with other enhancer elements. Schlokat U; Bohmann D; Scholer H; Gruss P EMBO J 5: 3251-8 (1986) The mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) enhancer represents a cis essential control element that confers lymphoid-specific expression. Based on in vivo and in vitro competition experiments, as well87133485 At least two nodD genes are necessary for efficient nodulation of alfalfa by Rhizobium meliloti. Gottfert M; Horvath B; Kondorosi E; Putnoky P; Rodriguez-Quinones F; Kondorosi A J Mol Biol 191: 411-20 (1986) A Rhizobium meliloti DNA region (nodD1) involved in the regulation of other early nodulation genes has been delimited by directed Tn5 mutagenesis and its nucleotide sequence has been determined. The s87141170 Characterization and nucleotide sequence of two herpes simplex virus 1 genes whose products modulate alpha-trans-inducing factor-dependent activation of alpha genes. McKnight JL; Pellett PE; Jenkins FJ; Roizman B J Virol 61: 992-1001 (1987) Herpes simplex viruses encode a structural protein which induces, in trans, expression of alpha genes, the first set of genes to be expressed after infection of permissive cells. This protein, designa87141362 Adenovirus origin of DNA replication: sequence requirements for replication in vitro. Wides RJ; Challberg MD; Rawlins DR; Kelly TJ Mol Cell Biol 7: 864-74 (1987) The initiation of adenovirus DNA takes place at the termini of the viral genome and requires the presence of specific nucleotide sequence elements. To define the sequence organization of the viral ori87144259 The sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene PHO2 codes for a regulatory protein with unusual aminoacid composition. Sengstag C; Hinnen A Nucleic Acids Res 15: 233-46 (1987) A new centromere vector for the construction of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene library, allowing direct selection for DNA insert, will be described. From that library the gene for the regulatory prot87146334 Organization and partial sequence of a DNA region of the Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiotic plasmid pRL6JI containing the genes fixABC, nifA, nifB and a novel open reading frame. Gronger P; Manian SS; Reilander H; O'Connell M; Priefer UB; Puhler A Nucleic Acids Res 15: 31-49 (1987) By hybridization and heteroduplex studies the fixABC and nifA genes of the Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiotic plasmid pRL6JI have been identified. DNA sequencing of the region containing nifA showed an87146339 Specific cellular proteins bind to critical promoter sequences of the adenovirus early EIIa promoter. Boeuf H; Zajchowski DA; Tamura T; Hauss C; Kedinger C Nucleic Acids Res 15: 509-27 (1987) As an approach to the identification of essential factors required for specific expression of the adenovirus type 2 EIIaE early (EIIaE) promoter, an in vitro system was established. Under appropriate 87146375 Role in translation of a triple tandemly repeated sequence in the 5'- untranslated region of human thymidylate synthase mRNA. Kaneda S; Takeishi K; Ayusawa D; Shimizu K; Seno T; Altman S Nucleic Acids Res 15: 1259-70 (1987) A triple tandem repeat (TTR) consisting of 90 nucleotides exists immediately upstream of the ATG initiator codon in human thymidylate synthase (TS) cDNA (pcHTS-1). To investigate the role of the TTR i87146430 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic RNA polymerases have homologous core subunits. Sweetser D; Nonet M; Young RA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 1192-6 (1987) Eukaryotic RNA polymerases are complex aggregates whose component subunits are functionally ill-defined. The gene that encodes the 140,000-dalton subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA polymerase II 87147239 The E2 Moskaluk C; Bastia D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 1215-8 (1987) The E2 early open reading frame (presumably gene) of bovine papillomavirus-1 was fused in frame with the collagen-beta- galactosidase-encoding region of the vector pJG200 and was expressed in and part87147244 Inducible binding of a factor to the c-fos regulatory region. Hayes TE; Kitchen AM; Cochran BH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 1272-6 (1987) The c-fos gene is rapidly and transiently activated in quiescent BALB/c- 3T3 cells in response to serum, platelet-derived growth factor or conditioned medium from v-sis-transformed cells. This activat87147256 Molecular cloning of complementary DNA encoding the avian receptor for vitamin D. McDonnell DP; Mangelsdorf DJ; Pike JW; Haussler MR; O'Malley BW Science 235: 1214-7 (1987) Vitamin D3 receptors are intracellular proteins that mediate the nuclear action of the active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Two receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies were used t87149040 Yeast HAP1 activator binds to two upstream activation sites of different sequence. Pfeifer K; Prezant T; Guarente L Cell 49: 19-27 (1987) We show that the HAP1 protein binds in vitro to the upstream activation site (UAS) of the yeast CYC7 gene. Strikingly, this sequence bears no obvious similarity to the sequence bound by HAP1 at UAS1 o87159543 Cooperativity of glucocorticoid response elements located far upstream of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene. Jantzen HM; Strahle U; Gloss B; Stewart F; Schmid W; Boshart M; Miksicek R; Schutz G Cell 49: 29-38 (1987) Two glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) located 2.5 kb upstream of the transcription initiation site of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene were identified by gene transfer experiments and shown to87159544 Yeast HAP1 activator competes with the factor RC2 for binding to the upstream activation site UAS1 of the CYC1 gene. Pfeifer K; Arcangioli B; Guarente L Cell 49: 9-18 (1987) We show that the yeast HAP1 activator locus encodes a protein that binds in vitro to the upstream activation site, UAS1, of the CYC1 gene (iso-1-cytochrome c). Binding of wild-type HAP1 and truncated 87159552 Xenopus myc proto-oncogene during development: expression as a stable maternal mRNA uncoupled from cell division. Taylor MV; Gusse M; Evan GI; Dathan N; Mechali M EMBO J 5: 3563-70 (1986) A Xenopus cDNA clone highly homologous to the proto-oncogene c-myc has been isolated and used to derive a homologous probe to study myc expression during embryonic development. Myc RNA is identified a87161766 Sequence conservation in the protein coding and intron regions of the engrailed transcription unit. Kassis JA; Poole SJ; Wright DK; O'Farrell PH EMBO J 5: 3583-9 (1986) Engrailed (en) is a gene involved in proper segmentation of the Drosophila embryo. The predicted en protein contains a homeodomain and regions rich in polyalanine, polyglutamine, polyglutamate/asparta87161768 Inducible cephalosporinase production in clinical isolates of Enterobacter cloacae is controlled by a regulatory gene that has been deleted from Escherichia coli. Honore N; Nicolas MH; Cole ST EMBO J 5: 3709-14 (1986) Cephalosporin hyper-resistant Enterobacter cloacae strains are isolated with increasing frequency from hospital infections. Resistance is principally due to the chromosomal ampC gene encoding a cephal87161784 Identification and characterization of the Rhizobium meliloti ntrC gene: R. meliloti has separate regulatory pathways for activation of nitrogen fixation genes in free-living and symbiotic cells. Szeto WW; Nixon BT; Ronson CW; Ausubel FM J Bacteriol 169: 1423-32 (1987) We show here that Rhizobium meliloti, the nitrogen-fixing endosymbiont of alfalfa (Medicago sativa), has a regulatory gene that is structurally homologous to previously characterized ntrC genes in ent87165745 The Escherichia coli heat shock regulatory gene is immediately downstream of a cell division operon: the fam mutation is allelic with rpoH. Crickmore N; Salmond GP Mol Gen Genet 205: 535-9 (1986) Several mutations which affect critical cell functions in Escherichia coli map at 76 min on the chromosome. The genes which map in this region are the cell division genes fts Y, E, X and S, the heat s87172308 Binding of a nuclear factor to a regulatory sequence in the promoter of the mouse H-2Kb class I major histocompatibility gene. Baldwin AS Jr; Sharp PA Mol Cell Biol 7: 305-13 (1987) A cis-acting regulatory sequence was identified upstream of the mouse H- 2Kb class I major histocompatibility gene. Deletions in the H-2Kb promoter revealed that sequences located between 190 and 138 87172719 Six distinct nuclear factors interact with the 75-base-pair repeat of the Moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer. Speck NA; Baltimore D Mol Cell Biol 7: 1101-10 (1987) Binding sites for six distinct nuclear factors on the 75-base-pair repeat of the Moloney murine leukemia virus enhancer have been identified by an electrophoretic mobility shift assay combined with me87172777 Characterization of a positive regulatory gene, LAC9, that controls induction of the lactose-galactose regulon of Kluyveromyces lactis: structural and functional relationships to GAL4 of SaccharomycesWray LV Jr; Witte MM; Dickson RC; Riley MI Mol Cell Biol 7: 1111-21 (1987) Lactose or galactose induces the expression of the lactose-galactose regulon in Kluyveromyces lactis. We show here that the regulon is not induced in strains defective in LAC9. We demonstrate that thi87172778 Nuclear proteins from lactating mammary glands bind to the promoter of a milk protein gene. Lubon H; Hennighausen L Nucleic Acids Res 15: 2103-21 (1987) The gene for the whey acidic protein (WAP) is expressed specifically in the lactating mammary glands of rodents. We present evidence that nuclear proteins from mammary epithelial cells form a multiple87174739 Molecular characterization of bsg25D: a blastoderm-specific locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Boyer PD; Mahoney PA; Lengyel JA Nucleic Acids Res 15: 2309-25 (1987) The blastoderm stage of Drosophila embryogenesis is a time of crucial transitions in RNA transcription, the cell cycle and segment determination. We have previously identified three loci encoding RNAs87174755 Molecular cloning and characterization of rat estrogen receptor cDNA. Koike S; Sakai M; Muramatsu M Nucleic Acids Res 15: 2499-513 (1987) A cDNA clone of rat uterus estrogen receptor (ER) has been isolated and sequenced. This clone contains a complete open reading frame encoding 600 amino acid residues which is 5 and 11 amino acids larg87174780 A cellular protein binds to a conserved sequence in the adenovirus type 2 enhancer. Barrett P; Clark L; Hay RT Nucleic Acids Res 15: 2719-35 (1987) A sensitive gel retention assay has been utilized to detect proteins from uninfected Hela nuclei which interact with the adenovirus type 2 enhancer. This assay has been employed to monitor fractionati87174795 The complete nucleotide sequence of the glnALG operon of Escherichia coli K12. Miranda-Rios J; Sanchez-Pescador R; Urdea M; Covarrubias AA Nucleic Acids Res 15: 2757-70 (1987) The nucleotide sequence of the E. coli glnALG operon has been determined. The glnL (ntrB) and glnG (ntrC) genes present a high homology, at the nucleotide and aminoacid levels, with the corresponding 87174797 Nuclear factors binding to the human immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene enhancer. Maeda H; Araki K; Kitamura D; Wang J; Watanabe T Nucleic Acids Res 15: 2851-69 (1987) The human immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene contains at least two tissue-specific regulatory regions, which are similar to the mouse IgH gene. One is the J-C enhancer and another is located in the87174814 Mutually exclusive interaction of the CCAAT-binding factor and of a displacement protein with overlapping sequences of a histone gene promoter. Barberis A; Superti-Furga G; Busslinger M Cell 50: 347-59 (1987) The sperm histone H2B-1 gene of the sea urchin Psammechinus miliaris contains two octamer sequences (ATTTGCAT) and two CCAAT motifs upstream of its TATA box. The CCAAT-binding factors present in nucle87273497 A yeast operator overlaps an upstream activation site. Kronstad JW; Holly JA; MacKay VL Cell 50: 369-77 (1987) The product of the BAR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is synthesized only in the a cell type and inactivates alpha-factor, the mating pheromone made by alpha cells. The MAT alpha 2 protein represse87273499 The achaete-scute gene complex of D. melanogaster: conserved domains in a subset of genes required for neurogenesis and their homology to myc. Villares R; Cabrera CV Cell 50: 415-24 (1987) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of two transcription units of the AS-C and shown that their potential protein coding regions share two principal domains of homology. Both domains are conser87273503 Two different factors bind to the alpha-domain of the polyoma virus enhancer, one of which also interacts with the SV40 and c-fos enhancers. Piette J; Yaniv M EMBO J 6: 1331-7 (1987) Two nuclear factors from mouse 3T6 cells bind to a 22-bp segment constituting the alpha-domain of the polyoma virus enhancer. Binding of each factor can be competed out selectively by the appropriate 87275827 Human protein binding to DNA sequences surrounding the human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-I long terminal repeat polyadenylation site. Levinger LF; Lautenberger JA Eur J Biochem 166: 519-26 (1987) The long terminal repeats (LTRs) of RNA tumor viruses, including human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), contain the control elements for expression of viral genes. Sequence-specific LTR-DNA-87275939 Cloning and expression of rat homeo-box-containing sequences. Falzon M; Sanderson N; Chung SY Gene 54: 23-32 (1987) Six rat homeo-box-containing DNA sequences have been isolated by screening a genomic library with a probe derived from an Antennapedia (Antp) cDNA clone of Drosophila melanogaster. Sequence determinat87277429 Cloning and sequence analysis of the mouse genomic locus encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Ahearn JM Jr; Bartolomei MS; West ML; Cisek LJ; Corden JL J Biol Chem 262: 10695-705 (1987) The genomic locus (RPII215) encoding the largest subunit of mouse RNA polymerase II has been cloned by low stringency hybridization to a Drosophila RPII215 probe. The mouse gene consists of 28 exons w87280135 Separate binding sites for nuclear factor 1 and a CCAAT DNA binding factor in the mouse alpha 2(I) collagen promoter. Oikarinen J; Hatamochi A; de Crombrugghe B J Biol Chem 262: 11064-70 (1987) A factor present in nuclear extracts of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts was identified which binds to a region between -315 and -295 with respect to the start of transcription in the mouse alpha 2(I) collagen pro87280193 Nucleotide sequence and comparative analysis of the human papillomavirus type 18 genome. Phylogeny of papillomaviruses and repeated structure of the E6 and E7 gene products. Cole ST; Danos O J Mol Biol 193: 599-608 (1987) The complete nucleotide sequence and genomic organization of human papillomavirus type 18, associated with cervical cancer, has been established. A detailed comparative analysis was undertaken leading87283882 Characterization of a cDNA clone corresponding to a transcript from the Epstein-Barr virus BamHI M fragment: evidence for overlapping mRNAs. Pfitzner AJ; Strominger JL; Speck SH J Virol 61: 2943-6 (1987) A 1.95-kilobase cDNA clone was isolated by screening a size-selected lambda gt10 cDNA library prepared from an Epstein-Barr virus- transformed B-cell line, IB4, with the Epstein-Barr virus BamHI M fra87284177 Interaction of an embryo DNA binding protein with a soybean lectin gene upstream region. Jofuku KD; Okamuro JK; Goldberg RB Nature 328: 734-7 (1987) Seed protein genes are highly regulated during the soybean life cycle. These genes encode prevalent mRNAs that accumulate and decay during embryogenesis, and are either undetectable or present at low 87287290 Site-specific DNA binding of nuclear factor I: effect of the spacer region. Gronostajski RM Nucleic Acids Res 15: 5545-59 (1987) Nuclear factor I (NFI) is a site-specific DNA binding protein required for the replication of adenovirus type 2 DNA in vitro and in vivo. To study sequence requirements for the interaction of NFI with87289028 Putative promoter elements for the ribosomal RNA genes of the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Sulfolobus sp. strain B12. Reiter WD; Palm P; Voos W; Kaniecki J; Grampp B; Schulz W; Zillig W Nucleic Acids Res 15: 5581-95 (1987) In Sulfolobus sp. strain B12, single-copy genes encode the three ribosomal RNAs. The genes for the 16S rRNA and for the 23S rRNA are closely linked but separated from the 5S rRNA gene. Transcription o87289030 Thyroid hormone receptor binds to a site in the rat growth hormone promoter required for induction by thyroid hormone. Koenig RJ; Brent GA; Warne RL; Larsen PR; Moore DD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 5670-4 (1987) Transcription of the rat growth hormone (rGH) gene in pituitary cells is increased by addition of thyroid hormone (T3). This induction is dependent on the presence of specific sequences just upstream 87289666 Drosophila Kruppel gene product produced in a baculovirus expression system is a nuclear phosphoprotein that binds to DNA. Ollo R; Maniatis T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 5700-4 (1987) The product of the Drosophila segmentation gene Kruppel was produced in cultured insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. When a cloned Kruppel cDNA sequence was inserted into the viral g87289672 MAT alpha 1 protein, a yeast transcription activator, binds synergistically with a second protein to a set of cell-type-specific genes. Bender A; Sprague GF Jr Cell 50: 681-91 (1987) We show by electrophoresis mobility shift and by DNAase I footprinting assays that the alpha 1 product of the yeast alpha mating-type locus binds to homologous sequences within the control regions of 87301711 A homeobox-containing marker of posterior neural differentiation shows the importance of predetermination in neural induction. Sharpe CR; Fritz A; De Robertis EM; Gurdon JB Cell 50: 749-58 (1987) A homeobox sequence has been used to isolate a new Xenopus cDNA, named XIHbox6. A short probe from this gene serves as an early marker of posterior neural differentiation in the Xenopus nervous system87301718 Reversible silencing of enhancers by sequences derived from the human IFN-alpha promoter. Kuhl D; de la Fuente J; Chaturvedi M; Parimoo S; Ryals J; Meyer F; Weissmann C Cell 50: 1057-69 (1987) The virus-responsive element of the IFN-alpha 1 promoter, VRE(IFN alpha), comprises two imperfect 19 bp repeats, repA and repB. VRE(IFN alpha), tetrameric repA, and tetrameric GAAAGT (a subsequence of87301749 Nucleotide sequence of the Salmonella typhimurium metR gene and the metR-metE control region. Plamann LS; Stauffer GV J Bacteriol 169: 3932-7 (1987) The nucleotide sequence of the Salmonella typhimurium metR gene and the metR-metE control region is presented. The metR gene codes for a polypeptide of 276 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 30,991. 87307964 Bacteriophage 82 gene Q and Q protein. Sequence, overproduction, and activity as a transcription antiterminator in vitro. Goliger JA; Roberts JW J Biol Chem 262: 11721-5 (1987) Phage 82 gene Q encodes a phage-specific positive regulator of late gene expression, thought, by analogy to the corresponding gene of phage lambda, to be a transcription antiterminator. We have cloned87308148 An octamer oligonucleotide upstream of a TATA motif is sufficient for lymphoid-specific promoter activity. Wirth T; Staudt L; Baltimore D Nature 329: 174-8 (1987) The octamer sequence ATGCAAAT or its inverse complement ATTTGCAT is well-conserved in all immunoglobulin gene promoters and has been implicated in promoter function by deletion analysis. Although immu87315394 Two novel genes, fanA and fanB, involved in the biogenesis of K99 fimbriae. Roosendaal E; Boots M; de Graaf FK Nucleic Acids Res 15: 5973-84 (1987) The nucleotide sequence of the region located transcriptionally upstream of the K99 fimbrial subunit gene (fanC) was determined. Several putative transcription signals and two open reading frames, des87316863 Analysis of upstream activation sites of yeast ribosomal protein genes. Woudt LP; Mager WH; Nieuwint RT; Wassenaar GM; van der Kuyl AC; Murre JJ; Hoekman MF; Brockhoff PG; Planta RJ Nucleic Acids Res 15: 6037-48 (1987) Transcription of the gene encoding yeast ribosomal protein L25 was previously shown to be activated through tandemly arranged upstream sequence elements that most rp-genes in yeast have in common. A s87316867 Characterization of rat c-myc and adjacent regions. Hayashi K; Makino R; Kawamura H; Arisawa A; Yoneda K Nucleic Acids Res 15: 6419-36 (1987) Rat genomic regions covering c-myc were cloned from the DNA of both normal liver and two lines of Morris hepatomas, one of which had c-myc amplification. The three restriction maps showed perfect agre87316910 The erg gene: a human gene related to the ets oncogene. Reddy ES; Rao VN; Papas TS Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6131-5 (1987) We have isolated a cDNA clone representing the complete coding sequence of a human gene named erg, related to the ets oncogene. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this cDNA (4.6 kilobases long) revealed 87317608 Conserved major histocompatibility complex class II boxes--X and Y--are transcriptional control elements and specifically bind nuclear proteins. Dorn A; Durand B; Marfing C; Le Meur M; Benoist C; Mathis D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6249-53 (1987) A conserved sequence motif exists at the 5' end of all major histocompatibility complex class II genes. This motif consists of the 14-base X and Y boxes separated by a short stretch of variable sequen87317630 Identification of a novel thyroid hormone receptor expressed in the mammalian central nervous system. Thompson CC; Weinberger C; Lebo R; Evans RM Science 237: 1610-4 (1987) A complementary DNA clone derived from rat brain messenger RNA has been isolated on the basis of homology to the human thyroid hormone receptor gene. Expression of this complementary DNA produces a hi87319689 Multiple nuclear proteins in liver cells are bound to hepatitis B virus enhancer element and its upstream sequences. Shaul Y; Ben-Levy R EMBO J 6: 1913-20 (1987) The transcriptional enhancer element in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome displays tissue-specific activity, suggesting that this element interacts with cellular specific factors. Using a nitrocellul88004398 Promoter interaction of the E1A-inducible factor E2F and its potential role in the formation of a multi-component complex. Yee AS; Reichel R; Kovesdi I; Nevins JR EMBO J 6: 2061-8 (1987) The precise binding site in the adenovirus E2 promoter for the E1A- inducible factor E2F was determined. DNase footprinting revealed two distinct regions of protection which spanned sequences from -3388004418 RNA polymerase II of Drosophila. Relation of its 140,000 Mr subunit to the beta subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. Falkenburg D; Dworniczak B; Faust DM; Bautz EK J Mol Biol 195: 929-37 (1987) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the 140,000 Mr subunit of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II from Drosophila melanogaster. This analysis revealed features that are t88011299 Multiple cis- and trans-acting elements mediate the transcriptional response to phorbol esters. Chiu R; Imagawa M; Imbra RJ; Bockoven JR; Karin M Nature 329: 648-51 (1987) Protein kinase C is important in the transduction of signals generated at the plasma membrane. The physiological activators of protein kinase C are diacylglycerols, and the tumour-promoting phorbol es88014240 A mouse homeobox containing gene on chromosome 11: sequence and tissue- specific expression. Meijlink F; de Laaf R; Verrijzer P; Destree O; Kroezen V; Hilkens J; Deschamps J Nucleic Acids Res 15: 6773-86 (1987) We have molecularly cloned a mouse homeobox containing gene by isolating cDNA and genomic clones. The gene is located in a previously described cluster on chromosome 11 (Hart et al. (1985) Cell 43, 9-88015526 The UAS of the yeast PGK gene contains functionally distinct domains. Stanway C; Mellor J; Ogden JE; Kingsman AJ; Kingsman SM Nucleic Acids Res 15: 6855-73 (1987) The upstream activation site (UAS) of the yeast phosphoglycerate kinase gene (PGK) has been localised by deletion analysis (1). Here we show that the UASPGK contains two functionally distinct domains.88015532 Properties of a CCAAT box-binding protein. Hooft van Huijsduijnen RA; Bollekens J; Dorn A; Benoist C; Mathis D Nucleic Acids Res 15: 7265-82 (1987) NF-Y is a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that interacts with the conserved Y motif of the major histocompatibility complex class II gene, E alpha. Since it is actually a CCAAT box-binding prote88015594 Nucleotide sequence of the transcriptional repressor gene korB which plays a key role in regulation of the copy number of broad host range plasmid RK2. Theophilus BD; Thomas CM Nucleic Acids Res 15: 7443-50 (1987) The product of the korB gene of broad host range plasmid RK2 is one of at least two proteins which repress transcription of the essential replication gene trfA. We report here the nucleotide sequence 88015606 CArG boxes in the human cardiac alpha-actin gene are core binding sites for positive trans-acting regulatory factors. Miwa T; Boxer LM; Kedes L Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 6702-6 (1987) Positively acting, rate-limiting regulatory factors that influence tissue-specific expression of the human cardiac alpha-actin gene in a mouse muscle cell line are shown by in vivo competition and gel88016159 Activity of two different silencer elements of the chicken lysozyme gene can be compensated by enhancer elements. Baniahmad A; Muller M; Steiner C; Renkawitz R EMBO J 6: 2297-303 (1987) The chicken lysozyme gene is constitutively expressed in macrophages. Transfection of recombinant genes containing different portions of the lysozyme 5' upstream region revealed the existence of two n88029319 Characterization of two new genes essential for vegetative growth in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: nucleotide sequence determination and chromosome mapping. Dubois E; Bercy J; Descamps F; Messenguy F Gene 55: 265-75 (1987) Based on nucleotide sequence determination, we have identified two new yeast genes FUN80 and FUN81 located on chromosome XIII. They are both essential for cellular growth but their function is still u88030692 LEU3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a factor for control of RNA levels of a group of leucine-specific genes. Friden P; Schimmel P Mol Cell Biol 7: 2708-17 (1987) Although the majority of genes for amino acid biosynthesis which have been examined are under general amino acid control, LEU1 and LEU2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae respond specifically to leucine. We 88038809 Binding of a cellular protein to the gibbon ape leukemia virus enhancer. Quinn JP; Holbrook N; Levens D Mol Cell Biol 7: 2735-44 (1987) The gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) contains enhancer activity within its long terminal repeat. In the GALV Seato strain this activity resides in a 48-base-pair (bp) repeated element. We demonstrate 88038812 The testis-specific phosphoglycerate kinase gene pgk-2 is a recruited retroposon. Boer PH; Adra CN; Lau YF; McBurney MW Mol Cell Biol 7: 3107-12 (1987) In both humans and mice, two genes encode phosphoglycerate kinase, a key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. The pgk-1 gene is expressed in all somatic cells, is located on the X chromosome, and contain88038861 The HLA-DQ beta gene upstream region contains an immunoglobulin-like octamer motif that binds cell-type specific nuclear factors. Miwa K; Strominger JL Nucleic Acids Res 15: 8057-67 (1987) A method is described for scanning relatively large fragments of DNA for sequences which bind nuclear factors. This method was used to identify an octamer (ATTTGTAT) in the DQ beta gene upstream regio88040427 A cell type specific factor recognizes the rat thyroglobulin promoter. Musti AM; Ursini VM; Avvedimento EV; Zimarino V; Di Lauro R Nucleic Acids Res 15: 8149-66 (1987) We have fused a 900 base pair long DNA segment containing the transcriptional start site of the rat thyroglobulin (Tg) gene to the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat). The fusio88040446 Upstream regulatory regions required to stabilize binding to the TATA sequence in an adenovirus early promoter. Garcia J; Wu F; Gaynor R Nucleic Acids Res 15: 8367-85 (1987) Of the five early adenovirus promoters, the early region 3 (E3) promoter is one of the most strongly induced by the E1A protein. To identify cellular proteins involved in both the basal and E1A-induce88040461 The symbiotic nitrogen fixation regulatory operon (fixRnifA) of Bradyrhizobium japonicum is expressed aerobically and is subject to a novel, nifA-independent type of activation. Thony B; Fischer HM; Anthamatten D; Bruderer T; Hennecke H Nucleic Acids Res 15: 8479-99 (1987) The Bradyrhizobium japonicum N2 fixation regulatory gene, nifA, was sequenced and its transcription start site determined. Between the start of transcription and the nifA gene an open reading frame of88040468 A plasmacytoma-specific factor binds the c-myc promoter region. Kakkis E; Calame K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 7031-5 (1987) We used an electrophoretic mobility-shift assay to study proteins that bind to sequences in the 5' flanking region of the murine c-myc gene. By comparing the DNA-protein complexes formed with extracts88041045 Dorsal, an embryonic polarity gene in Drosophila, is homologous to the vertebrate proto-oncogene, c-rel. Steward R Science 238: 692-4 (1987) The Drosophila gene, dorsal, is a maternal effect locus that is essential for the establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the developing embryo. The dorsal protein was predicted from the complemen88042799 New murine homeoboxes: structure, chromosomal assignment, and differential expression in adult erythropoiesis. Lonai P; Arman E; Czosnek H; Ruddle FH; Blatt C DNA 6: 409-18 (1987) The nucleotide sequence, chromosomal assignment, and preliminary transcriptional analysis of four murine homeoboxes is presented. Three of these are linked to the Hox-2 gene complex on chromosome 11, 88054465 Sequence-specific interactions of a pea nuclear factor with light- responsive elements upstream of the rbcS-3A gene. Green PJ; Kay SA; Chua NH EMBO J 6: 2543-9 (1987) Pea nuclear extracts were used in gel retardation assays and DNase I footprinting experiments to identify a protein factor that specifically interacts with regulatory DNA sequences upstream of the pea88054949 Cis- and trans-acting elements responsible for the cell-specific expression of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin gene. De Simone V; Ciliberto G; Hardon E; Paonessa G; Palla F; Lundberg L; Cortese R EMBO J 6: 2759-66 (1987) The 5' flanking region of the human alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) gene contains cis-acting signals for liver-specific expression and, when fused to a reporter gene, is able to drive the expression 88054974 Identification of a rat liver nuclear protein that binds to the enhancer core element of three animal viruses. Johnson PF; Landschulz WH; Graves BJ; McKnight SL Genes Dev 1: 133-46 (1987) This report describes the identification and purification of a nuclear protein from rat liver that binds selectively to DNA sequences associated with several animal virus enhancers. The binding activi88056262 Expression of a homeo domain protein in noncontact-inhibited cultured cells and postmitotic neurons. Odenwald WF; Taylor CF; Palmer-Hill FJ; Friedrich V Jr; Tani M; Lazzarini RA Genes Dev 1: 482-96 (1987) The murine Hox 1.3 gene is one of six homeo box genes clustered on chromosome 6. Our analysis of Hox 1.3 cDNA and genomic clones indicates that the gene is organized into two exons and encodes a 270-a88056292 Rhizobium meliloti nifN (fixF) gene is part of an operon regulated by a nifA-dependent promoter and codes for a polypeptide homologous to the nifK gene product. Aguilar OM; Reilander H; Arnold W; Puhler A J Bacteriol 169: 5393-400 (1987) An essential gene for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (fixF) is located near the common nodulation region of Rhizobium meliloti. A DNA fragment carrying fixF was characterized by hybridization with Klebsi88058743 The multidrug resistance gene PDR1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Balzi E; Chen W; Ulaszewski S; Capieaux E; Goffeau A J Biol Chem 262: 16871-9 (1987) The Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene PDR1, responsible for pleiotropic drug resistance, was isolated from a genomic DNA cosmid library by hybridization to the flanking LEU1 gene, followed by subcloning t88059084 An avian transforming retrovirus isolated from a nephroblastoma that carries the fos gene as the oncogene. Nishizawa M; Goto N; Kawai S J Virol 61: 3733-40 (1987) A new avian transforming retrovirus, NK24, was isolated from a chicken with a nephroblastoma. This transforming virus induced fibrosarcomas with osteogenic cell proliferation and nephroblastomas in vi88062920 The chicken c-fos gene: cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis. Fujiwara KT; Ashida K; Nishina H; Iba H; Miyajima N; Nishizawa M; Kawai S J Virol 61: 4012-8 (1987) Using a DNA probe from an avian transforming virus, NK24, that contains the fos gene and that was newly isolated and characterized (M. Nishizawa, N. Goto, and S. Kawai, J. Virol. 61:3733-3740, 1987), 88062957 An embryonic DNA-binding protein specific for the promoter of the retrovirus long terminal repeat. Flamant F; Gurin CC; Sorge JA Mol Cell Biol 7: 3548-53 (1987) Retrovirus expression is restricted in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells but not in many differentiated cell lines. We used a very sensitive gel retardation assay to detect sequence-specific DNA-binding 88065491 The abundance and in vitro DNA binding of three cellular proteins interacting with the adenovirus EIIa early promoter are not modified by the EIa gene products. Jalinot P; Devaux B; Kedinger C Mol Cell Biol 7: 3806-17 (1987) Specific protein binding on the EIa-inducible adenovirus EIIa early (EIIaE) promoter was analyzed by the sensitive electrophoretic band- shift assay and by protection against DNase I digestion. Three 88065522 Murine Hox-1.7 homeo-box gene: cloning, chromosomal location, and expression [published erratum appears in Mol Cell Biol 1988 Dec;8(12):5593] Rubin MR; King W; Toth LE; Sawczuk IS; Levine MS; D'Eustachio P; Nguyen-Huu MC Mol Cell Biol 7: 3836-41 (1987) A new murine homeo-box, called Hox-1.7, has been identified in a rare cDNA from F9 teratocarcinoma stem cells. The Hox-1.7 homeo-box is 68 and 72% homologous to the Drosophila antennapedia (Antp) and 88065527 The Drosophila developmental gene snail encodes a protein with nucleic acid binding fingers. Boulay JL; Dennefeld C; Alberga A Nature 330: 395-8 (1987) Pattern formation in the Drosophila embryo requires the concerted expression of maternal and zygotic genes. At least nineteen genes, twelve of which are maternally expressed, are involved in the estab88065862 A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. Petkovich M; Brand NJ; Krust A; Chambon P Nature 330: 444-50 (1987) A cDNA encoding a protein that binds retinoic acid with high affinity has been cloned. The protein is homologous to the receptors for steroid hormones, thyroid hormones and vitamin D3, and appears to 88065872 Transcriptional signals of a U4 small nuclear RNA gene. McNamara KJ; Walker RJ; Roebuck KA; Stumph WE Nucleic Acids Res 15: 9239-54 (1987) The signals controlling the expression of a chicken U4 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene have been studied by microinjection into Xenopus oocytes. At least two distinct regions in the 5'-flanking DNA con88067753 Cloning and sequence analysis of the rat ventral prostate glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Chang CS; Kokontis J; Chang CT; Liao SS Nucleic Acids Res 15: 9603 (1987) 88067783 Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding a novel human thyroid hormone receptor. Pfahl M; Benbrook D Nucleic Acids Res 15: 9613 (1987) 88067793 The sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome encodes a finger protein. Page DC; Mosher R; Simpson EM; Fisher EM; Mardon G; Pollack J; McGillivray B; de la Chapelle A; Brown LG Cell 51: 1091-104 (1987) The presence or absence of the Y chromosome determines whether a mammalian embryo develops as a male or female. In humans, genetic deletion analysis of "sex-reversed" individuals has identified a smal88080467 Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts. Davis RL; Weintraub H; Lassar AB Cell 51: 987-1000 (1987) 5-azacytidine treatment of mouse C3H10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts converts them to myoblasts at a frequency suggesting alteration of one or only a few closely linked regulatory loci. Assuming such loci88080485 Hox-1.6: a mouse homeo-box-containing gene member of the Hox-1 complex. Baron A; Featherstone MS; Hill RE; Hall A; Galliot B; Duboule D EMBO J 6: 2977-86 (1987) Hox-1.6, a mouse homeo-box-containing gene member of the Hox-1 complex, is described. The Hox-1.6 homeo-box shows more divergence than the other members of the complex with the Drosophila Antennapedia88082669 An enhancer element lies 3' to the human A gamma globin gene. Bodine DM; Ley TJ EMBO J 6: 2997-3004 (1987) We have surveyed 22 kb of DNA from the region surrounding the human fetal (gamma) globin genes and have identified one fragment that meets all of the criteria for a non-tissue specific enhancer elemen88082671 One cell-specific and three ubiquitous nuclear proteins bind in vitro to overlapping motifs in the domain B1 of the SV40 enhancer. Xiao JH; Davidson I; Ferrandon D; Rosales R; Vigneron M; Macchi M; Ruffenach F; Chambon P EMBO J 6: 3005-13 (1987) We have used the gel retardation assay to investigate the binding of nuclear proteins to the domain B1 of the SV40 enhancer, which contains the GT-II motif. Four proteins (GT-IIA, GT-IIB alpha, GT-IIB88082672 In vitro binding of cell-specific and ubiquitous nuclear proteins to the octamer motif of the SV40 enhancer and related motifs present in other promoters and enhancers. Rosales R; Vigneron M; Macchi M; Davidson I; Xiao JH; Chambon P EMBO J 6: 3015-25 (1987) We have used the gel retardation and DNase I footprinting assays to investigate the in vitro binding of nuclear proteins to the octamer motif present in domain A of the SV40 enhancer and in other enha88082673 The bidirectional upstream element of the adenovirus-2 major late promoter binds a single monomeric molecule of the upstream factor. Lennard AC; Egly JM EMBO J 6: 3027-34 (1987) The adenovirus-2 major late promoter (Ad2MLP) upstream element (Ad2MLP- UE) contains a sequence of interrupted dyad symmetry. By inverting this element we have found that it functions in a bidirection88082674 Purification and characterization of a heat-shock element binding protein from yeast. Sorger PK; Pelham HR EMBO J 6: 3035-41 (1987) The promoters of heat shock genes are activated when cells are stressed. Activation is dependent on a specific DNA sequence, the heat- shock element (HSE). We describe the purification to homogeneity 88082675 Xfin: an embryonic gene encoding a multifingered protein in Xenopus. Ruiz i Altaba A; Perry-O'Keefe H; Melton DA EMBO J 6: 3065-70 (1987) The Xenopus laevis genome was screened for putative DNA-binding gene products by using the 'finger' region of the Drosophila gene Kruppel as a probe. The one gene detected, named Xfin, codes for a pro88082679 Functional characterization of X. laevis U5 snRNA genes. Kazmaier M; Tebb G; Mattaj IW EMBO J 6: 3071-8 (1987) Xenopus laevis U5 snRNA genes are found in several genomic arrangements, represented by a predominant tandem repeat of 583 bp and other minor repeats. Several copies of the major tandem repeat have be88082680 Drosophila and vertebrate myb proteins share two conserved regions, one of which functions as a DNA-binding domain. Peters CW; Sippel AE; Vingron M; Klempnauer KH EMBO J 6: 3085-90 (1987) We report the nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone of the Drosophila melanogaster homologue of c-myb, a member of the class of vertebrate transforming genes encoding nuclear proteins. We predict the mo88082681 Structure and organization of the left-terminal DNA regions of fastidious adenovirus types 40 and 41. van Loon AE; Ligtenberg M; Reemst AM; Sussenbach JS; Rozijn TH Gene 58: 109-26 (1987) To determine whether differences in structure and organization of the transforming regions of Ad40 and Ad41 could explain the fastidious growth of these viruses, we have sequenced these regions and an88084437 Sequence analysis of the murine Hox-2.2, -2.3, and -2.4 homeo boxes: evolutionary and structural comparisons. Hart CP; Fainsod A; Ruddle FH Genomics 1: 182-95 (1987) We have determined the nucleotide sequences and deduced the amino acid sequences of three tandemly arranged murine boxes of the Hox-2 homeo box gene complex on mouse chromosome 11 (Hox-2.2, -2.3, and 88085193 Rhizobium japonicum USDA 191 has two nodD genes that differ in primary structure and function. Appelbaum ER; Thompson DV; Idler K; Chartrain N J Bacteriol 170: 12-20 (1988) Several Rhizobium genes (designated nod genes) are involved in early steps in nodule formation. Here we present the results of DNA sequence and functional analysis of two nodD genes from the symbiotic88086856 Gene regulation by steroid hormones. Beato M; Arnemann J; Chalepakis G; Slater E; Willmann T J Steroid Biochem 27: 9-14 (1987) The location, orientation, and structure of the hormone regulatory elements (HRE) in nine hormonally modulated genes is described. Based on analysis of the contact points between the glucocorticoid re88092545 Structure and expression of the human L-myc gene reveal a complex pattern of alternative mRNA processing. Kaye F; Battey J; Nau M; Brooks B; Seifter E; De Greve J; Birrer M; Sausville E; Minna J Mol Cell Biol 8: 186-95 (1988) We analyzed in detail the structure of the L-myc gene isolated from human placental DNA and characterized its expression in several small- cell lung cancer cell lines. The gene is composed of three ex88094386 The C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals: a conserved structure with an essential function. Allison LA; Wong JK; Fitzpatrick VD; Moyle M; Ingles CJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 321-9 (1988) Using DNA encoding the largest subunit of Drosophila melanogaster RNA polymerase II, we isolated the homologous hamster RPO21 gene. Nucleotide sequencing of both the hamster and D. melanogaster RPO21 88094402 Nucleotide sequence of the regulatory locus controlling expression of bacterial genes for bioluminescence. Engebrecht J; Silverman M Nucleic Acids Res 15: 10455-67 (1987) Production of light by the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri and by recombinant hosts containing cloned lux genes is controlled by the density of the culture. Density-dependent regulation of lux gene e88096578 Bacillus subtilis sucrose-specific enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system: expression in Escherichia coli and homology to enzymes II from enteric bacteria. Fouet A; Arnaud M; Klier A; Rapoport G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 84: 8773-7 (1987) Sucrose is transported into Bacillus subtilis cells by way of a phosphotransferase system, which consists of a specific enzyme II, a nonspecific enzyme I, and a histidine-containing phosphocarrier pro88097369 A zebrafish homeobox-containing gene with embryonic transcription. Eiken HG; Njolstad PR; Molven A; Fjose A Biochem Biophys Res Commun 149: 1165-71 (1987) A genomic library of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) was constructed and screened with homeobox-containing probes. One of the strongly cross- hybridizing clones was characterized by DNA sequencing. The 88106535 Purification of KBF1, a common factor binding to both H-2 and beta 2- microglobulin enhancers. Yano O; Kanellopoulos J; Kieran M; Le Bail O; Israel A; Kourilsky P EMBO J 6: 3317-24 (1987) An enhancer binding factor, designated KBF1, has been purified from the nuclear extract of mouse BW5147 thymoma cells by five column chromatography steps including a sequence-specific DNA affinity col88111518 Structure and expression of the murine L-myc gene. Legouy E; DePinho R; Zimmerman K; Collum R; Yancopoulos G; Mitsock L; Kriz R; Alt FW EMBO J 6: 3359-66 (1987) We have isolated a 12 kb clone from the murine genome which we show by DNA transfection studies to contain an entire functional L-myc gene and the transcriptional promoter sequences necessary for its 88111523 The regulatory c1 locus of Zea mays encodes a protein with homology to myb proto-oncogene products and with structural similarities to transcriptional activators. Paz-Ares J; Ghosal D; Wienand U; Peterson PA; Saedler H EMBO J 6: 3553-8 (1987) The structure of the wild-type c1 locus of Zea mays was determined by sequence analysis of one genomic and two cDNA clones. The coding region is composed of three exons (150 bp, 129 bp and one, at lea88111545 The invected gene of Drosophila: sequence analysis and expression studies reveal a close kinship to the engrailed gene. Coleman KG; Poole SJ; Weir MP; Soeller WC; Kornberg T Genes Dev 1: 19-28 (1987) The invected and engrailed genes are juxtaposed in the Drosophila genome and are closely related in sequence and pattern of expression. The structure of the most abundant invected transcript was defin88112775 En-1 and En-2, two mouse genes with sequence homology to the Drosophila engrailed gene: expression during embryogenesis [published erratum appears in Genes Dev 1987 Jul;1(5):521] Joyner AL; Martin GR Genes Dev 1: 29-38 (1987) Two mouse genes, En-1 and En-2, have sequence homology to the engrailed (en) and invected (inv) genes of Drosophila (Joyner et al. 1985). Partial nucleotide sequence analyses of genomic and cDNA clone88112776 Molecular characterization of the zerknullt region of the Antennapedia gene complex in Drosophila. Rushlow C; Doyle H; Hoey T; Levine M Genes Dev 1: 1268-79 (1987) zerknullt (zen) is unique among the 18 known homeo box genes in Drosophila since it is required for the differentiation of the dorsal- ventral pattern, and does not appear to be involved in the proces88112803 The human myc gene family: structure and activity of L-myc and an L-myc pseudogene. DePinho RA; Hatton KS; Tesfaye A; Yancopoulos GD; Alt FW Genes Dev 1: 1311-26 (1987) We have determined the nucleotide sequence and transforming activity of the human L-myc gene and a processed L-myc pseudogene (L-myc psi). We demonstrate by cotransformation assays that a 10.6-kb EcoR88112807 In vitro binding of several cell-specific and ubiquitous nuclear proteins to the GT-I motif of the SV40 enhancer. Xiao JH; Davidson I; Macchi M; Rosales R; Vigneron M; Staub A; Chambon P Genes Dev 1: 794-807 (1987) We have investigated the specific in vitro binding of nuclear proteins from several cell lines to the GT-I motif of the SV40 enhancer which overlaps with the canonical enhancer "core" homology. The bi88112821 A purine-rich DNA sequence motif present in SV40 and lymphotropic papovavirus binds a lymphoid-specific factor and contributes to enhancer activity in lymphoid cells. Petterson M; Schaffner W Genes Dev 1: 962-72 (1987) The enhancer of simian virus 40 (SV40) is active in a wide variety of tissues and hosts and thus has been called a general enhancer. Previous work has established that this region contains a number of88112838 Identification of a new class of steroid hormone receptors. Giguere V; Yang N; Segui P; Evans RM Nature 331: 91-4 (1988) The gonads and adrenal glands produce steroids classified into five major groups which include the oestrogens, progestins, androgens, glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Gonadal steroids control t88122546 Deletional analysis of the promoter region of the human transferrin receptor gene. Casey JL; Di Jeso B; Rao KK; Rouault TA; Klausner RD; Harford JB Nucleic Acids Res 16: 629-46 (1988) Fragments of human genomic DNA corresponding to the promoter region of the gene for the transferrin receptor have been cloned upstream of the bacterial gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase and t88124258 Nuclear proteins interacting with the promoter region of the human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene. Shannon MF; Gamble JR; Vadas MA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 674-8 (1988) The gene for human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM- CSF) is expressed in a tissue-specific as well as an activation- dependent manner. The interaction of nuclear proteins with the88124904 Isolation and expression of rat 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor cDNA. Burmester JK; Maeda N; DeLuca HF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 1005-9 (1988) The cDNA for the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor has been isolated by screening a rat kidney lambda gt11 expression library with a mixture of three previously identified anti-receptor monoclonal ant88124963 Properties of a high-affinity DNA binding site for estrogen receptor. Peale FV Jr; Ludwig LB; Zain S; Hilf R; Bambara RA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 1038-42 (1988) It has been shown previously that a short sequence from the 5' regulatory region of the Xenopus laevis vitellogenin gene A2, when appropriately placed, can confer estrogen responsiveness to another ge88124970 One factor recognizes the liver-specific enhancers in alpha 1- antitrypsin and transthyretin genes. Grayson DR; Costa RH; Xanthopoulos KG; Darnell JE Science 239: 786-8 (1988) Four different regulatory sites required for transcriptional stimulation by the enhancers of two unrelated liver-specific genes alpha 1-antitrypsin and transthyretin appear to bind the same nuclear pr88127142 Organisation of the regulatory region of the Escherichia coli melibiose operon. Webster C; Kempsell K; Booth I; Busby S Gene 59: 253-63 (1987) The regulatory region of the Escherichia coli melibiose operon contains two divergent promoters. One promoter is responsible for the expression of the melR gene, that is essential for melibiose-depend88137961 Transcriptional regulation and structure of the Bacillus subtilis sporulation locus spoIIIC. Errington J; Rong S; Rosenkrantz MS; Sonenshein AL J Bacteriol 170: 1162-7 (1988) The spoIIIC locus of Bacillus subtilis has been cloned from the lambda library of Ferrari et al. (E. Ferrari, D. J. HEnner, and J. A. Hoch, J. Bacteriol. 146:430-432, 1981) by using as an assay transf88139173 RPA190, the gene coding for the largest subunit of yeast RNA polymerase A. Memet S; Gouy M; Marck C; Sentenac A; Buhler JM J Biol Chem 263: 2830-9 (1988) Yeast RNA polymerases are being extensively studied at the gene level. The entire gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase A, A190, was isolated and characterized in detail. Southern hybrid88139333 Nucleotide sequence and structural analysis of the zeste locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Mansukhani A; Gunaratne PH; Sherwood PW; Sneath BJ; Goldberg ML Mol Gen Genet 211: 121-8 (1988) The zeste locus plays a central role in transvection phenomena, where the synaptic pairing of chromosomes carrying genes with which zeste interacts influences the expression of these genes. To explore88142560 Functional domains of SIR4, a gene required for position effect regulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Marshall M; Mahoney D; Rose A; Hicks JB; Broach JR Mol Cell Biol 7: 4441-52 (1987) The product of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SIR4 gene, in conjunction with at least three other gene products, prevents expression of mating- type genes resident at loci at either end of chromosome II88142836 Isolation and characterization of the c-fos(rat) cDNA and analysis of post-translational modification in vitro. Curran T; Gordon MB; Rubino KL; Sambucetti LC Oncogene 2: 79-84 (1987) c-fos mRNA accumulates to a level of 0.2% of cellular poly(A)- containing RNA 45 min after treatment of rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells with 1 mM barium chloride. Several clones of the c-fos(rat) cD88143713 The Fos complex and Fos-related antigens recognize sequence elements that contain AP-1 binding sites. Franza BR Jr; Rauscher FJ 3d; Josephs SF; Curran T Science 239: 1150-3 (1988) The Fos protein complex and several Fos-related antigens bind directly or indirectly to a common sequence element that is similar to the consensus binding site for HeLa cell activator protein 1 (AP-1)88145673 Regulatory elements within the murine leukemia virus enhancer regions mediate glucocorticoid responsiveness. Celander D; Hsu BL; Haseltine WA J Virol 62: 1314-22 (1988) Enhancer elements within nonleukemogenic (Akv) and T-cell leukemogenic (SL3-3) murine leukemia viruses demonstrate strong cell type preference in transcriptional activity. These transcription elements88155770 Xenopus homeobox-containing cDNAs expressed in early development. Fritz A; De Robertis EM Nucleic Acids Res 16: 1453-69 (1988) We report the isolation of six different homeobox-containing genes in Xenopus laevis which are expressed during early embryogenesis. cDNA clones of all of them were partially sequenced including two f88157707 Human CCAAT-binding proteins have heterologous subunits. Chodosh LA; Baldwin AS; Carthew RW; Sharp PA Cell 53: 11-24 (1988) We have characterized three distinct proteins present in HeLa cell extracts that specifically recognize different subsets of transcriptional elements containing the pentanucleotide sequence CCAAT. One88165047 A zinc finger-encoding gene coregulated with c-fos during growth and differentiation, and after cellular depolarization. Sukhatme VP; Cao XM; Chang LC; Tsai-Morris CH; Stamenkovich D; Ferreira PC; Cohen DR; Edwards SA; Shows TB; Curran T; et al Cell 53: 37-43 (1988) Egr-1 is an early growth response gene that displays fos-like induction kinetics in fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and lymphocytes following mitogenic stimulation. Sequence analysis of murine Egr-1 cD88165055 The chicken progesterone receptor: sequence, expression and functional analysis. Gronemeyer H; Turcotte B; Quirin-Stricker C; Bocquel MT; Meyer ME; Krozowski Z; Jeltsch JM; Lerouge T; Garnier JM; Chambon P EMBO J 6: 3985-94 (1987) The complete mRNA sequence of the chicken progesterone receptor (cPR) has been determined. Expression of the cloned cDNA both in vivo and in vitro produces a protein that has the same apparent mol. wt88166640 A Xenopus laevis gene encodes both homeobox-containing and homeobox- less transcripts. Wright CV; Cho KW; Fritz A; Burglin TR; De Robertis EM EMBO J 6: 4083-94 (1987) A cDNA clone (p52) that contains all the protein-coding region from the maternally expressed XlHbox 2 locus of the frog Xenopus laevis has been isolated and sequenced. A probe containing the exon prec88166653 A zebrafish homologue of the murine Hox-2.1 gene. Njolstad PR; Molven A; Fjose A FEBS Lett 230: 25-30 (1988) Homeobox-containing sequences were isolated from a genomic library of zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio). A lambda clone containing two homeobox cross-hybridizing regions was characterized. DNA sequencing 88167192 Conservation in the 5' flanking sequences of transcribed members of the Caenorhabditis elegans major sperm protein gene family. Klass M; Ammons D; Ward S J Mol Biol 199: 15-22 (1988) The major sperm proteins (MSPs) are encoded in the Caenorhabditis genome by a multigene family with more than 50 genes dispersed in small clusters at three chromosomal loci. In spite of their disperse88172456 The HAP3 regulatory locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes divergent overlapping transcripts. Hahn S; Pinkham J; Wei R; Miller R; Guarente L Mol Cell Biol 8: 655-63 (1988) Activation of the CYC1 upstream activation site, UAS2, and transcription of several other genes encoding respiratory functions requires the product of the regulatory gene HAP2. We report here the isol88174707 The GLI gene is a member of the Kruppel family of zinc finger proteins. Kinzler KW; Ruppert JM; Bigner SH; Vogelstein B Nature 332: 371-4 (1988) Many studies have established that a select subset of normal cellular genes are altered in cancer by point mutations, translocations or gene amplification. However, the vast majority of genetic change88175051 Molecular cloning of human and rat complementary DNA encoding androgen receptors. Chang CS; Kokontis J; Liao ST Science 240: 324-6 (1988) Complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding androgen receptors were obtained from human testis and rat ventral prostate cDNA libraries. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequences of the cDN88178111 A specific 15-bp TATA box promoter element is required for expression of a herpes simplex virus type 1 late gene. Homa FL; Glorioso JC; Levine M Genes Dev 2: 40-53 (1988) The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein C (gC) gene is a true late or gamma 2 gene in that its expression shows a strict requirement for viral DNA replication. Elements required for regul88185822 The araC gene of Citrobacter freundii. Burke KA; Wilcox G Gene 61: 243-52 (1987) The araC gene of Citrobacter freundii was cloned into plasmid pBR322 and expressed in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The nucleotide sequence and the predicted translational product were 88185828 Characterization of a thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human kidney and other tissues. Nakai A; Seino S; Sakurai A; Szilak I; Bell GI; DeGroot LJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2781-5 (1988) A cDNA encoding a specific form of thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human liver, kidney, placenta, and brain was isolated from a human kidney library. Identical clones were found in human placent88190152 Activation of the receptor kinase domain of the trk oncogene by recombination with two different cellular sequences. Kozma SC; Redmond SM; Fu XC; Saurer SM; Groner B; Hynes NE EMBO J 7: 147-54 (1988) A new chimeric oncogene, trk-2h, has been generated by recombination of two segments of MDA-MB231 human breast carcinoma cell line DNA after transfection in NIH/3T3 cells. The rearranged DNA segments 88196074 A gene encoding a protein with zinc fingers is activated during G0/G1 transition in cultured cells. Chavrier P; Zerial M; Lemaire P; Almendral J; Bravo R; Charnay P EMBO J 7: 29-35 (1988) Zinc fingers are DNA-binding domains present in several eukaryotic regulatory proteins. We have identified a mouse gene, Krox-20, encoding a protein with three zinc fingers and whose expression is act88196089 A zebrafish engrailed-like homeobox sequence expressed during embryogenesis. Fjose A; Eiken HG; Njolstad PR; Molven A; Hordvik I FEBS Lett 231: 355-60 (1988) The zebrafish genome was found to contain two sequences which cross- hybridize strongly with the engrailed gene of Drosophila. Several independent clones containing one of these cross-hybridizing sequ88196423 The Drosophila ets-2 gene: molecular structure, chromosomal localization, and developmental expression. Pribyl LJ; Watson DK; McWilliams MJ; Ascione R; Papas TS Dev Biol 127: 45-53 (1988) The cellular homologs of the ets gene from the avian erythroblastosis retrovirus E26 have been studied in chickens, humans, mice, and cats. In this report a further evolutionary step is taken by isola88196618 Cloning and physical mapping of RNA polymerase genes from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum and comparison of homologies and gene orders with those of RNA polymerase genes from other methanogenic aSchallenberg J; Moes M; Truss M; Reiser W; Thomm M; Stetter KO; Klein A J Bacteriol 170: 2247-53 (1988) The structural genes encoding the four largest subunits of RNA polymerase, A, B', B", and C, were physically mapped in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Winter. The genes formed a cluster in the or88198019 Human apolipoprotein CIII gene expression is regulated by positive and negative cis-acting elements and tissue-specific protein factors. Reue K; Leff T; Breslow JL J Biol Chem 263: 6857-64 (1988) Apolipoprotein CIII (apoCIII) is a major protein constituent of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and is synthesized primarily in the liver. Cis-acting DNA elements required for liver-specific apoCIII ge88198261 Nucleotide sequence of the virG locus of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens plasmid pTiC58. Powell BS; Powell GK; Morris RO; Rogowsky PM; Kado CI Mol Microbiol 1: 309-16 (1987) The nucleotide sequence of the virG locus of the nopaline type plasmid pTiC58 of Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been determined. It contains an open reading frame (ORF) of 759 nucleotides and has 77% h88201669 Sequence of a germ-line N-myc gene and amplification as a mechanism of activation. Ibson JM; Rabbitts PH Oncogene 2: 399-402 (1988) Amplification of the N-myc gene has been reported in a number of tumour types including neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma and small cell lung carcinoma. Two amplified human N-myc genes have been sequenced88202932 T-cell-specific expression of interleukin 2: evidence for a negative regulatory site. Nabel GJ; Gorka C; Baltimore D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 2934-8 (1988) To understand the basis for T-cell-specific induction of interleukin 2 (IL-2), we have analyzed nuclear factors from the Jurkat T-lymphoid leukemia cell, which can be induced to secrete IL-2. We have 88203615 Physical organization of the enteric adenovirus type 41 early region 1A. Allard A; Wadell G Virology 164: 220-9 (1988) Enteric adenovirus types 40 and 41 (Ad40 and Ad41), representing subgenus F, differ from all other human adenoviruses by being so fastidious that productive replication does not occur in conventional 88206069 The tetracycline repressor of pSC101. Brow MA; Pesin R; Sutcliffe JG Mol Biol Evol 2: 1-12 (1985) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the gene for the repressor of the pSC101 tetracycline resistance element (tetR). The repressor gene is transcribed divergently from the gene that encodes 88216101 Sequence of the ebgR gene of Escherichia coli: evidence that the EBG and LAC operons are descended from a common ancestor. Stokes HW; Hall BG Mol Biol Evol 2: 478-83 (1985) The sequence of ebgR, the gene that encodes the EBG repressor, was determined. There is 44% DNA sequence identity between ebgR and lacI, the gene that encodes the LAC repressor. There is also 25% iden88216134 Fine-structure mapping of the three mouse alpha-fetoprotein gene enhancers. Godbout R; Ingram RS; Tilghman SM Mol Cell Biol 8: 1169-78 (1988) Multiple cellular enhancers have been identified previously in the 5'- flanking region of the mouse alpha-fetoprotein gene by transient expression assay. In this report the enhancers have been localiz88216591 Characterization of a mouse multigene family that encodes zinc finger structures. Chavrier P; Lemaire P; Revelant O; Bravo R; Charnay P Mol Cell Biol 8: 1319-26 (1988) The Drosophila segmentation gene Kruppel encodes multiple tandemly repeated units predicted to form DNA-binding zinc fingers. We have isolated 23 bacteriophages, containing nonoverlapping inserts from88216608 Cloning and expression of full-length cDNA encoding human vitamin D receptor. Baker AR; McDonnell DP; Hughes M; Crisp TM; Mangelsdorf DJ; Haussler MR; Pike JW; Shine J; O'Malley BW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 3294-8 (1988) Complementary DNA clones encoding the human vitamin D receptor have been isolated from human intestine and T47D cell cDNA libraries. The nucleotide sequence of the 4605-base pair (bp) cDNA includes a 88217887 Identification of an inducible factor that binds to a positive regulatory element of the human beta-interferon gene. Keller AD; Maniatis T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 3309-13 (1988) Human beta-interferon gene expression is induced by virus or poly(I).poly(C). This induction is due at least in part to an increase in the rate of transcription and does not require protein synthesis.88217890 Pax 1, a member of a paired box homologous murine gene family, is expressed in segmented structures during development. Deutsch U; Dressler GR; Gruss P Cell 53: 617-25 (1988) The mouse genome contains at least three copies of sequences homologous to the "paired box", a conserved domain in several Drosophila segmentation genes of the pair-rule and segment polarity classes. 88223354 Expression of the SV40 promoter in fission yeast: identification and characterization of an AP-1-like factor. Jones RH; Moreno S; Nurse P; Jones NC Cell 53: 659-67 (1988) The SV40 promoter is expressed well in the fission yeast S. pombe, and it initiates transcription at the same site as in mammalian cells. The majority of the enhancer sequences, however, do not contri88223358 The same inducible nuclear proteins regulates mitogen activation of both the interleukin-2 receptor-alpha gene and type 1 HIV. Bohnlein E; Lowenthal JW; Siekevitz M; Ballard DW; Franza BR; Greene WC Cell 53: 827-36 (1988) Both the interleukin-2 receptor-alpha (Tac, p55, IL-2R alpha) gene and the long terminal repeat (LTR) of type 1 HIV are activated by various T cell mitogens. We now demonstrate that an inducible 86 kd88223375 Constitutive and metal-inducible protein:DNA interactions at the mouse metallothionein I promoter examined by in vivo and in vitro footprinting. Mueller PR; Salser SJ; Wold B Genes Dev 2: 412-27 (1988) A method of high resolution in vivo footprinting has been developed and used to survey the mouse metallothionein I (MT-I) promoter for protein : DNA interactions associated with basal-level transcript88225998 Molecular cloning and characterization of homeo-box-containing genes from Atlantic salmon. Fjose A; Molven A; Eiken HG Gene 62: 141-52 (1988) As the most primitive group among vertebrates, fish might serve as a model system when studying the genetic regulation of embryogenesis in higher animals. To identify genes important for early develop88226009 Rat growth hormone gene expression. Both cell-specific and thyroid hormone response elements are required for thyroid hormone regulation. Ye ZS; Forman BM; Aranda A; Pascual A; Park HY; Casanova J; Samuels HH J Biol Chem 263: 7821-9 (1988) The elements involved in mediating cell-specific and thyroid hormone stimulation of rat growth hormone gene expression have been defined by transfection studies and by nuclease footprinting. 5'-Flanki88227987 Characterization of a chloroplast sequence-specific DNA binding factor. Lam E; Hanley-Bowdoin L; Chua NH J Biol Chem 263: 8288-93 (1988) The large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) and the beta subunit of chloroplast ATP synthase (atpB) are encoded by divergently transcribed genes on the plastid genome. We have id88228057 Expression of the human apolipoprotein E gene is regulated by multiple positive and negative elements. Smith JD; Melian A; Leff T; Breslow JL J Biol Chem 263: 8300-8 (1988) Apolipoprotein E (apoE), unlike the other major lipoproteins, is synthesized in a variety of tissues. We examined which regions of the human apoE gene contributed to its tissue-specific expression usi88228059 The laminin B2 chain promoter contains unique repeat sequences and is active in transient transfection. Ogawa K; Burbelo PD; Sasaki M; Yamada Y J Biol Chem 263: 8384-9 (1988) We previously isolated cDNA clones coding for the entire murine laminin B2 chain. In this report, we have screened a mouse genomic library with a 5' portion of the laminin B2 chain cDNA and isolated t88228071 A far upstream ovalbumin enhancer binds nuclear factor-1-like factor. Bradshaw MS; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW J Biol Chem 263: 8485-90 (1988) Band-shifting and DNase I footprinting analyses detected a specific DNA binding protein extracted from oviduct nuclei that binds to the ovalbumin gene 5' sequence between -1094 and -1125. This "-1100"88228086 Cell division inhibition gene dicB is regulated by a locus similar to lambdoid bacteriophage immunity loci. Bejar S; Bouche F; Bouche JP Mol Gen Genet 212: 11-9 (1988) A mutation (dicA1) of a repressor gene located in the terminus region of the Escherichia coli chromosome has previously been shown to lead to temperature-dependent inhibition of division, and to be co88232418 Genetic characterization and sequence analysis of the duplicated nifA/nifB gene region of Rhodobacter capsulatus. Masepohl B; Klipp W; Puhler A Mol Gen Genet 212: 27-37 (1988) A DNA region showing homology to Klebsiella pneumoniae nifA and nifB is duplicated in Rhodobacter capsulatus. The two copies of this region are called nifA/nifB copy I and nifA/nifB copy II. Deletion 88232432 Primary structure and expression of a product from cut, a locus involved in specifying sensory organ identity in Drosophila. Blochlinger K; Bodmer R; Jack J; Jan LY; Jan YN Nature 333: 629-35 (1988) In the absence of cut gene activity in Drosophila, external sensory organs are transformed into chordotonal organs. Here we show that the cut locus encodes a large protein containing a homoeodomain an88232956 A new retinoic acid receptor identified from a hepatocellular carcinoma. Benbrook D; Lernhardt E; Pfahl M Nature 333: 669-72 (1988) Processes as diverse as growth, vision and reproduction depend on the presence of vitamin A and its metabolites (retinoids), but the molecular mechanisms which govern these diverse actions remain uncl88232961 The YYRR box: a conserved dipyrimidine-dipurine sequence element in Drosophila and other eukaryotes. Cavener D; Feng Y; Foster B; Krasney P; Murtha M; Schonbaum C; Xiao X Nucleic Acids Res 16: 3375-90 (1988) We have discovered a novel DNA sequence element in Drosophila which is based upon a CTGA tandem repeat. This element has been named the YYRR box to emphasize its dipyrimidine-dipurine nature which is 88233929 An ACCC-containing protein-binding sequence in the neighbourhood of the decanucleotide recognition site of the immunoglobulin gene promoter. Mocikat R; Pruijn GJ; van der Vliet PC; Zachau HG Nucleic Acids Res 16: 3693-704 (1988) The decanucleotide (dc) box TNATTTGCAT is an important functional element in the K light chain gene promoter and was shown to bind nuclear proteins. We now describe the binding of nuclear factor III t88233974 The cross-pathway control gene of Neurospora crassa, cpc-1, encodes a protein similar to GCN4 of yeast and the DNA-binding domain of the oncogene v-jun-encoded protein. Paluh JL; Orbach MJ; Legerton TL; Yanofsky C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 3728-32 (1988) Expression of the gene cpc-1 is required for cross-pathway-mediated regulation of amino acid-biosynthetic genes in Neurospora crassa. We have cloned cpc-1 and present an analysis of its structure and 88234499 Cloning, structure and expression of a cDNA encoding the human androgen receptor. Trapman J; Klaassen P; Kuiper GG; van der Korput JA; Faber PW; van Rooij HC; Geurts van Kessel A; Voorhorst MM; Mulder E; Brinkmann AO Biochem Biophys Res Commun 153: 241-8 (1988) A cDNA clone has been isolated from a library prepared of mRNA of human breast cancer T47D cells with an oligonucleotide probe homologous to part of the region encoding the DNA-binding domain of stero88240407 Specific binding of proteins from Rhizobium meliloti cell-free extracts containing NodD to DNA sequences upstream of inducible nodulation genes. Fisher RF; Egelhoff TT; Mulligan JT; Long SR Genes Dev 2: 282-93 (1988) Nodulation (nod) genes in Rhizobium meliloti are transcriptionally induced by flavonoid signal molecules, such as luteolin, produced by its symbiotic host plant, alfalfa. This induction depends on exp88243010 An 80-bp cis-acting regulatory region controls cAMP and development regulation of a prestalk gene in Dictyostelium. Datta S; Firtel RA Genes Dev 2: 294-304 (1988) We have analyzed an 80-bp region containing the cis-acting sequences necessary for regulation of the Dictyostelium discoideum prestalk gene pst-cathepsin at the appropriate stage during multicellular 88243011 Enhancer and promoter elements directing activation and glucocorticoid repression of the alpha 1-fetoprotein gene in hepatocytes. Guertin M; LaRue H; Bernier D; Wrange O; Chevrette M; Gingras MC; Belanger L Mol Cell Biol 8: 1398-407 (1988) Mutations were introduced in 7 kilobases of 5'-flanking rat alpha 1- fetoprotein (AFP) genomic DNA, linked to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. AFP promoter activity and its repression by a 88246406 Differential protein binding in lymphocytes to a sequence in the enhancer of the mouse retrovirus SL3-3. Thornell A; Hallberg B; Grundstrom T Mol Cell Biol 8: 1625-37 (1988) An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to characterize interactions of nuclear proteins with a DNA segment in the enhancer element of the leukemogenic murine retrovirus SL3-3. Mutation of a 88246432 Isolation of cDNAs encoding finger proteins and measurement of the corresponding mRNA levels during myeloid terminal differentiation. Pannuti A; Lanfrancone L; Pascucci A; Pelicci PG; La Mantia G; Lania L Nucleic Acids Res 16: 4227-37 (1988) The finger motif is a tandemly repeated DNA-binding domain recently identified in the primary structure of several eukaryotic transcriptional regulatory proteins. It was first described for Xenopus TF88247738 A beta-cell-specific protein binds to the two major regulatory sequences of the insulin gene enhancer. Ohlsson H; Karlsson O; Edlund T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 4228-31 (1988) The selective transcription of the Rat insulin 1 gene is mainly dependent on a beta-cell-specific enhancer element located in the 5' flanking DNA. In analogy to many other viral and cellular enhancers88247995 Escherichia coli host factor for site-specific DNA inversion: cloning and characterization of the fis gene. Koch C; Vandekerckhove J; Kahmann R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 4237-41 (1988) The Escherichia coli (Es. coli) protein Fis (factor for inversion stimulation) stimulates site-specific DNA inversion of the G segment in phage Mu by binding to a recombinational enhancer. By using sy88247997 The leucine zipper: a hypothetical structure common to a new class of DNA binding proteins. Landschulz WH; Johnson PF; McKnight SL Science 240: 1759-64 (1988) A 30-amino-acid segment of C/EBP, a newly discovered enhancer binding protein, shares notable sequence similarity with a segment of the cellular Myc transforming protein. Display of these respective a88248716 mec-3, a homeobox-containing gene that specifies differentiation of the touch receptor neurons in C. elegans. Way JC; Chalfie M Cell 54: 5-16 (1988) The mec-3 gene is essential for proper differentiation of the set of six touch receptor neurons in C. elegans. In mutants lacking mec-3 activity, the touch receptors express none of their unique diffe88253425 Molecular cloning and characterization of ovine homeo-box-containing genes. Choi CL; Hudson P; Stauder A; Pietersz G; Brandon M Gene 63: 187-97 (1988) The sheep genome contains at least eleven homeo-boxes (hox). Using two hox-specific 36-mer oligodeoxynucleotides to screen a sheep genomic library, constructed in lambda Charon28, clones of nine of th88255866 The gonadotropin alpha-gene contains multiple protein binding domains that interact to modulate basal and cAMP-responsive transcription. Jameson JL; Jaffe RC; Deutsch PJ; Albanese C; Habener JF J Biol Chem 263: 9879-86 (1988) DNA sequences that modulate basal and cAMP-stimulated transcription are located within the initial 169 base pairs of the alpha-gene 5'-flanking sequence. Using DNase I protection analyses and gel-mobi88257120 fra-1: a serum-inducible, cellular immediate-early gene that encodes a fos-related antigen. Cohen DR; Curran T Mol Cell Biol 8: 2063-9 (1988) A set of proteins antigenically related to the c-fos protein (Fos) are induced by serum in fibroblasts. To isolate cDNA clones of genes encoding such proteins, a lambda gt11 expression cDNA library co88261282 Pattern formation in the developing eye of Drosophila melanogaster is regulated by the homoeo-box gene, rough. Saint R; Kalionis B; Lockett TJ; Elizur A Nature 334: 151-4 (1988) Homoeo-box genes play a central role in the regulation of embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Their widespread phylogenetic distribution, and the tissue and stage specificity of their expression88261567 Isolation and structural analysis of a biologically active chicken c- fos cDNA: identification of evolutionarily conserved domains in fos protein. Molders H; Jenuwein T; Adamkiewicz J; Muller R Oncogene 1: 377-85 (1987) To identify functionally important domains in the fos gene product we have studied the evolutionary divergence between chicken and mammalian fos proteins. A cDNA containing the entire chicken c-fos co88262231 At least three human homeoboxes on chromosome 12 belong to the same transcription unit. Simeone A; Pannese M; Acampora D; D'Esposito M; Boncinelli E Nucleic Acids Res 16: 5379-90 (1988) Mammalian homeoboxes show a clustered chromosomal organization. In the mouse, at least seven homeoboxes on chromosome 6 and at least six on chromosome 11 identify the murine Hox-1 and Hox-2 loci, resp88262550 A conserved heptamer upstream of the IgH promoter region octamer can be the site of a coordinate protein-DNA interaction. Landolfi NF; Yin XM; Capra JD; Tucker PW Nucleic Acids Res 16: 5503-14 (1988) Immunoglobulin genes contain a conserved eight base sequence element 5' to the site of transcription initiation. This octamer can serve as a site for the binding of nuclear proteins which are presumab88262558 Nucleotide sequence of novel cDNAs generated by alternative splicing of a rat thyroid hormone receptor gene transcript. Mitsuhashi T; Tennyson G; Nikodem V Nucleic Acids Res 16: 5697 (1988) 88262581 Hox-5.1 defines a homeobox-containing gene locus on mouse chromosome 2. Featherstone MS; Baron A; Gaunt SJ; Mattei MG; Duboule D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 4760-4 (1988) We have isolated a murine homeobox-containing gene, Hox-5.1, by virtue of its relatedness to the Hox-1.4 gene. In situ hybridization to metaphase spreads mapped Hox-5.1 to band D of mouse chromosome 288263027 The genome of budgerigar fledgling disease virus, an avian polyomavirus. Rott O; Kroger M; Muller H; Hobom G Virology 165: 74-86 (1988) Budgerigar fledgling disease virus (BFDV) represents the first avian member of the Polyomavirus family. In contrast to mammalian polyomaviruses BFDV exhibits unique biological properties, in particula88265888 Interactions of DNA-binding proteins with the 5' region of the human transferrin gene. Brunel F; Ochoa A; Schaeffer E; Boissier F; Guillou Y; Cereghini S; Cohen GN; Zakin MM J Biol Chem 263: 10180-5 (1988) We have established by transient expression experiments that the 620 base pairs upstream of the cap site of the human transferrin gene contain the information necessary for efficient expression of the88273108 Isolation of a cDNA clone encoding a biologically active thyroid hormone receptor. Koenig RJ; Warne RL; Brent GA; Harney JW; Larsen PR; Moore DD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5031-5 (1988) We have isolated a c-erbA cDNA clone from a GH3 cell library. The clone, denoted erb62, is 4.5 kilobases long and encodes a 461-amino acid beta-type c-erbA protein. This c-erbA protein binds 3,5,3'- t88276893 brlA is necessary and sufficient to direct conidiophore development in Aspergillus nidulans. Adams TH; Boylan MT; Timberlake WE Cell 54: 353-62 (1988) The brlA gene of A. nidulans mediates the developmental switch from the indeterminate, apical growth pattern of vegetative cells to the budding growth pattern of conidiophores. brlA encodes a 432 amin88282543 Identification in chickens of an evolutionarily conserved cellular ets- 2 gene (c-ets-2) encoding nuclear proteins related to the products of the c-ets proto-oncogene. Boulukos KE; Pognonec P; Begue A; Galibert F; Gesquiere JC; Stehelin D; Ghysdael J EMBO J 7: 697-705 (1988) In chicken cells, we previously identified a set of proteins (p58-64) structurally related to, but distinct from, the products encoded by the c-ets proto-oncogene. We report here the isolation and nuc88283637 An engrailed class homeo box gene in sea urchins. Dolecki GJ; Humphreys T Gene 64: 21-31 (1988) The homeo box, a conserved DNA element first recognized in Drosophila development-controlling genes, is present in the genomes of many higher metazoan species and provides a valuable probe for the iso88284359 Nucleotide sequence and mutagenesis of the nifA gene from Azotobacter vinelandii. Bennett LT; Cannon F; Dean DR Mol Microbiol 2: 315-21 (1988) The nucleotide sequence of the nifA gene from Azotobacter vinelandii was determined. This gene encodes an Mr = 58,100 polypeptide that shares significant sequence identity when compared to nifA-encode88288044 Multiple sequences encoding potential thyroid hormone receptors isolated from mouse skeletal muscle cDNA libraries. Prost E; Koenig RJ; Moore DD; Larsen PR; Whalen RG Nucleic Acids Res 16: 6248 (1988) 88289388 Structure and expression of Hox-2.2, a murine homeobox-containing gene. Schughart K; Utset MF; Awgulewitsch A; Ruddle FH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5582-6 (1988) The Hox-2.2 gene is one of a cluster of homeobox-containing genes on mouse chromosome 11. A cDNA clone containing the Hox-2.2 homeobox has been isolated from an adult spinal cord library. Our analysis88289762 Nuclear factors in human brain cells bind specifically to the JCV regulatory region. Khalili K; Rappaport J; Khoury G EMBO J 7: 1205-10 (1988) The human polyomavirus, JCV, differs from other papovaviruses in its tissue tropism for human glial cells. Transcription of the early region of the virus, at least in part, contributes to the tissue s88296426 Site-specific recombination in bacteriophage Mu: characterization of binding sites for the DNA invertase Gin. Mertens G; Klippel A; Fuss H; Blocker H; Frank R; Kahmann R EMBO J 7: 1219-27 (1988) Site-specific DNA inversion in phage Mu is catalysed by the phage- encoded DNA invertase Gin and a host factor FIS. We demonstrate that purified Gin protein binds specifically to 34-bp sequences that 88296428 Isolation and characterization of the porcine nuclear factor I (NFI) gene. Meisterernst M; Rogge L; Donath C; Gander I; Lottspeich F; Mertz R; Dobner T; Fockler R; Stelzer G; Winnacker EL FEBS Lett 236: 27-32 (1988) This study describes the isolation of a major portion of the gene for nuclear factor I (NFI) including its 5'-flanking region with transcriptional start sites. We screened a porcine liver, genomic DNA88296883 Interaction between the octamer-binding protein nuclear factor III and the adenovirus origin of DNA replication. Pruijn GJ; van Miltenburg RT; Claessens JA; van der Vliet PC J Virol 62: 3092-102 (1988) Nuclear factor III (NFIII) is a HeLa sequence-specific DNA-binding protein that stimulates initiation of adenovirus DNA replication in vitro and may be involved in regulation of transcription of sever88300856 Multiple early transcripts and splicing of the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus IE-1 gene. Chisholm GE; Henner DJ J Virol 62: 3193-200 (1988) The immediate-early IE-1 gene of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus was cloned, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. Sequence analysis indicated that this gene would encode a pro88300868 Oxygen-dependent upstream activation sites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome c genes are related forms of the same sequence. Cerdan ME; Zitomer RS Mol Cell Biol 8: 2275-9 (1988) In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the two genes, CYC1 and CYC7, that encode the isoforms of cytochrome c are expressed at different levels. Oxygen regulation is mediated by the expression of the CYP1 gene,88302133 A complex androgen-responsive enhancer resides 2 kilobases upstream of the mouse Slp gene. Loreni F; Stavenhagen J; Kalff M; Robins DM Mol Cell Biol 8: 2350-60 (1988) Neighboring genes encoding the mouse sex-limited protein (Slp) and fourth component of complement (C4) show extensive homology. In contrast to C4, however, Slp is regulated by androgen. One region of 88302143 The S promoter of hepatitis B virus is regulated by positive and negative elements. De-Medina T; Faktor O; Shaul Y Mol Cell Biol 8: 2449-55 (1988) The S promoter, one of the major hepatitis B virus (HBV) promoters, directs the synthesis of mRNA for surface antigen. Transient expression studies revealed that this promoter is highly active in the 88302154 Mutational analysis of centromere DNA from chromosome VI of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Hegemann JH; Shero JH; Cottarel G; Philippsen P; Hieter P Mol Cell Biol 8: 2523-35 (1988) Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromeres have a characteristic 120-base- pair region consisting of three distinct centromere DNA sequence elements (CDEI, CDEII, and CDEIII). We have generated a series of 88302163 Analysis of signals controlling expression of the Chinese hamster ovary aprt gene. Park JH; Taylor MW Mol Cell Biol 8: 2536-44 (1988) The 5' end of the Chinese hamster ovary aprt gene was sequenced and transcription start sites were determined by both S1 nuclease protection and primer extension assays. Deletion mutants covering the 88302164 Identification of a Ty1 regulatory sequence responsive to STE7 and STE12. Company M; Adler C; Errede B Mol Cell Biol 8: 2545-54 (1988) Ty1 activation of gene expression observed in haploid cell types of Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the STE7 and STE12 gene products. An activator sequence within Ty1 that is responsive to these two88302165 Upstream regulatory region for inducible expression of the chicken skeletal myosin alkali light-chain gene. Shirakata M; Nabeshima Y; Konishi K; Fujii-Kuriyama Y Mol Cell Biol 8: 2581-8 (1988) The expression of the fast type of myosin alkali light chain 1 is induced during the differentiation of muscle cells. To study the mechanism of its gene regulation, we joined the sequence of the 5'- f88302169 Systematic binding analysis of the insulin gene transcription control region: insulin and immunoglobulin enhancers utilize similar transactivators. Moss LG; Moss JB; Rutter WJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 2620-7 (1988) The 5' regulatory region (-345 to +1) of the rat insulin I gene (Ins-I) was examined for binding to cellular factors with short oligodeoxynucleotide probes. Over 40 binding species were detected. The 88302174 Absence of missense mutations in activated c-myc genes in avian leukosis virus-induced B-cell lymphomas. Hahn M; Hayward WS Mol Cell Biol 8: 2659-63 (1988) We have determined the nucleotide sequences of two independent DNA clones which contained the activated c-myc genes from avian leukosis virus-induced B-cell lymphomas. Neither of these c-myc genes con88302180 Primary structure and developmental expression pattern of Hox 3.1, a member of the murine Hox 3 homeobox gene cluster. Breier G; Dressler GR; Gruss P EMBO J 7: 1329-36 (1988) The murine Hox 3.1 gene maps to a cluster of homeobox-containing genes on chromosome 15. We report the primary structure of the Hox 3.1 protein, as deduced from cDNA sequences, and the expression of H88312579 The primary structure of the murine multifinger gene mKr2 and its specific expression in developing and adult neurons. Chowdhury K; Dressler G; Breier G; Deutsch U; Gruss P EMBO J 7: 1345-53 (1988) The complete amino acid sequence of the murine finger-containing gene mKr2 was determined. On the basis of sequence similarities in the repeated finger domain, mKr2 belongs to the same class of develo88312581 Four mating-type genes control sexual differentiation in the fission yeast. Kelly M; Burke J; Smith M; Klar A; Beach D EMBO J 7: 1537-47 (1988) The mating-type region of fission yeast consists of three components, mat1, mat2-P and mat3-M, each separated by 15 kb. Cell-type is determined by the alternate allele present at mat1, either P in an 88312604 Isolation and characterization of rat cDNA clones for two distinct thyroid hormone receptors. Murray MB; Zilz ND; McCreary NL; MacDonald MJ; Towle HC J Biol Chem 263: 12770-7 (1988) Two distinct v-erbA-related cDNA clones representing the products of different genes were isolated from a rat liver cDNA library. The first, rc-erbA-alpha, was 82% identical to v-erbA and encoded a po88315083 Selection of DNA binding sites by regulatory proteins. II. The binding specificity of cyclic AMP receptor protein to recognition sites. Berg OG; von Hippel PH J Mol Biol 200: 709-23 (1988) The statistics of base-pair usage within known recognition sites for a particular DNA-binding protein can be used to estimate the relative protein binding affinities to these sites, as well as to site88316936 A DNA-binding factor specific for xenobiotic responsive elements of P- 450c gene exists as a cryptic form in cytoplasm: its possible translocation to nucleus. Fujisawa-Sehara A; Yamane M; Fujii-Kuriyama Y Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5859-63 (1988) Transcription of the drug-metabolizing cytochrome P-450c gene is induced by 3-methylcholanthrene or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Previously, we defined two xenobiotic responsive element88320343 Interferon-induced transcription of a major histocompatibility class I gene accompanies binding of inducible nuclear factors to the interferon consensus sequence. Shirayoshi Y; Burke PA; Appella E; Ozato K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5884-8 (1988) Interferon (IFN) induces transcription of major histocompatibility class I genes by way of the conserved cis-acting regulatory element, termed the IFN consensus sequence (ICS). Binding of nuclear fact88320348 An erythrocyte-specific DNA-binding factor recognizes a regulatory sequence common to all chicken globin genes. Evans T; Reitman M; Felsenfeld G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 5976-80 (1988) We have identified a protein present only in erythroid cells that binds to two adjacent sites within an enhancer region of the chicken beta- globin locus. Mutation of the sites, so that binding by the88320366 A large family of bacterial activator proteins. Henikoff S; Haughn GW; Calvo JM; Wallace JC Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 6602-6 (1988) At least nine different bacterial proteins belong to the LysR family. The gene sequence for one of these proteins is presented here. Six others (Escherichia coli LysR, IlvY, CysB; Salmonella typhimuri88320486 The CGTCA sequence motif is essential for biological activity of the vasoactive intestinal peptide gene cAMP-regulated enhancer. Fink JS; Verhave M; Kasper S; Tsukada T; Mandel G; Goodman RH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 6662-6 (1988) cAMP-regulated transcription of the human vasoactive intestinal peptide gene is dependent upon a 17-base-pair DNA element located 70 base pairs upstream from the transcriptional initiation site. This 88320498 The sequence specificity of homeodomain-DNA interaction. Desplan C; Theis J; O'Farrell PH Cell 54: 1081-90 (1988) The Drosophila developmental gene, engrailed, encodes a sequence- specific DNA binding activity. Using deletion constructs expressed as fusion proteins in E. coli, we localized this activity to the co88327852 Cooperativity and hierarchical levels of functional organization in the SV40 enhancer. Fromental C; Kanno M; Nomiyama H; Chambon P Cell 54: 943-53 (1988) We have investigated the cell-specific activity of the GT-IIC, GT-I, Sph-II, Sph-I, and octamer motifs of the SV40 enhancer in four cell lines (HeLa cells, MPC11 plasmocytoma B cells, and non-differen88327859 Isolation and expression of a new mouse homeobox gene. Sharpe PT; Miller JR; Evans EP; Burtenshaw MD; Gaunt SJ Development 102: 397-407 (1988) A homeobox-containing clone has been isolated from an adult mouse kidney cDNA library and shown by DNA sequence analysis to be a new isolate, Hox-6.1. A genomic clone containing Hox-6.1 has been isola88328811 Both positive and negative regulatory elements mediate expression of a photoregulated CAB gene from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Castresana C; Garcia-Luque I; Alonso E; Malik VS; Cashmore AR EMBO J 7: 1929-36 (1988) We have analyzed promoter regulatory elements from a photoregulated CAB gene (Cab-E) isolated from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. These studies have been performed by introducing chimeric gene constructs 88328979 A progesterone responsive element maps to the far upstream steroid dependent DNase hypersensitive site of chicken lysozyme chromatin. Hecht A; Berkenstam A; Stromstedt PE; Gustafsson JA; Sippel AE EMBO J 7: 2063-73 (1988) We have investigated the influence of the 5'-flanking region of the chicken lysozyme gene on steroid dependent gene expression. By transient transfection of lysozyme-CAT fusion genes into the human br88328995 Expression of multiple homeobox genes within diverse mammalian haemopoietic lineages. Kongsuwan K; Webb E; Housiaux P; Adams JM EMBO J 7: 2131-8 (1988) Several mouse and human genes encoding the DNA-binding homeobox domain are implicated here in haematopoiesis, a differentiation process maintained throughout life. Four homeobox cDNA clones were isola88329001 Differential utilization of the same reading frame in a Xenopus homeobox gene encodes two related proteins sharing the same DNA-binding specificity. Cho KW; Goetz J; Wright CV; Fritz A; Hardwicke J; De Robertis EM EMBO J 7: 2139-49 (1988) Xenopus XlHbox 1 produces two transcripts during early development. One encodes a long open reading frame (ORF) and the other a short ORF sharing the same homeodomain, but differing by an 82 amino aci88329002 A novel, tissue-specific, Drosophila homeobox gene. Barad M; Jack T; Chadwick R; McGinnis W EMBO J 7: 2151-61 (1988) The homeobox gene family of Drosophila appears to control a variety of position-specific patterning decisions during embryonic and imaginal development. Most of these patterning decisions determine gr88329003 Sequence of the twist gene and nuclear localization of its protein in endomesodermal cells of early Drosophila embryos. Thisse B; Stoetzel C; Gorostiza-Thisse C; Perrin-Schmitt F EMBO J 7: 2175-83 (1988) The twist gene is involved in the establishment of germ layers in Drosophila embryos: twist homozygous mutant embryos fail to form the ventral furrow at gastrulation and lack mesoderm and all internal88329004 Roles of two DNA-binding factors in replication, segregation and transcriptional repression mediated by a yeast silencer. Kimmerly W; Buchman A; Kornberg R; Rine J EMBO J 7: 2241-53 (1988) The HMR E silencer is required for SIR-dependent transcriptional repression of the silent mating-type locus, HMR. The silencer also behaves as an origin of replication (ARS element) and allows plasmid88329012 Regulation of two c-erbA messenger ribonucleic acids in rat GH3 cells by thyroid hormone. Lazar MA; Chin WW Mol Endocrinol 2: 479-84 (1988) There is recent evidence suggesting that c-erbA is the thyroid hormone nuclear receptor, and that there may be multiple c-erbA genes. We investigated the effect of T3 on two c-erbA mRNAs present in GH88334548 Sequences essential for activity of the thyroid hormone responsive transcription stimulatory element of the rat growth hormone gene. Wight PA; Crew MD; Spindler SR Mol Endocrinol 2: 536-42 (1988) Thyroid hormone dependent transcription stimulatory and inhibitory elements exist at the 5'-end of the rat GH (rGH) gene (TSE and TIE, respectively). In this study, the location of the sequences essen88334556 Relatedness of archaebacterial RNA polymerase core subunits to their eubacterial and eukaryotic equivalents. Berghofer B; Krockel L; Kortner C; Truss M; Schallenberg J; Klein A Nucleic Acids Res 16: 8113-28 (1988) The sequence of the genes encoding the four largest subunits of the RNA polymerase of the archaebacterium Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was determined and putative translation signals were iden88335550 The 5' flanking region of the gene for the Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigen 2 contains a cell type specific cis-acting regulatory element that activates transcription in transfected B-cells.Ricksten A; Olsson A; Andersson T; Rymo L Nucleic Acids Res 16: 8391-410 (1988) We have recently identified the promoter that positions the initiation (cap) site for RNA encoding the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) determined nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2) in transfected COS-1 cells. The cel88335597 Identification of a new member of the steroid receptor super-family by cloning and sequence analysis. Chang C; Kokontis J Biochem Biophys Res Commun 155: 971-7 (1988) We have isolated a human testis complementary DNA clone on the basis of homology to the DNA binding domain of steroid receptors. Expression of this complementary DNA, which we call TR2, produces a 52 88339993 A human protein specific for the immunoglobulin octamer DNA motif contains a functional homeobox domain. Ko HS; Fast P; McBride W; Staudt LM Cell 55: 135-44 (1988) The homeobox domain is shared by Drosophila homeotic proteins, yeast mating type proteins, and some functionally uncharacterized mammalian proteins. A lymphoid-restricted human protein that binds to t89003042 The finger motif defines a multigene family represented in the maternal mRNA of Xenopus laevis oocytes. Koster M; Pieler T; Poting A; Knochel W EMBO J 7: 1735-41 (1988) We have screened Xenopus laevis cDNA and genomic libraries for finger motif encoding sequences by use of a synthetic oligonucleotide probe coding for a stretch of conserved amino acids, the H/C-link, 89005062 The role of localization of bicoid RNA in organizing the anterior pattern of the Drosophila embryo. Berleth T; Burri M; Thoma G; Bopp D; Richstein S; Frigerio G; Noll M; Nusslein-Volhard C EMBO J 7: 1749-56 (1988) The organization of the anterior pattern in the Drosophila embryo is mediated by the maternal effect gene bicoid. bcd has been identified in an 8.7-kb genomic fragment by germ line transformants that 89005064 Co-ordinate control of synthesis of mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial hemoproteins: a binding site for the HAP1 (CYP1) protein in the UAS region of the yeast catalase T gene (CTT1). Winkler H; Adam G; Mattes E; Schanz M; Hartig A; Ruis H EMBO J 7: 1799-804 (1988) Control of expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae CTT1 (catalase T) gene by the HAP1 (CYP1) gene, a mediator of heme control of mitochondrial cytochromes, was studied. Expression of a CTT1-lacZ fu89005071 Nucleotide sequence of the regulatory gene xylR of the TOL plasmid from Pseudomonas putida. Inouye S; Nakazawa A; Nakazawa T Gene 66: 301-6 (1988) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the xylR gene for a transcriptional activator for the degradative pathway of aromatic hydrocarbons on the TOL plasmid from Pseudomonas putida. The 1698-bp89006271 Studies on the structure, expression and function of the yeast regulatory gene PHO2. Berben G; Legrain M; Hilger F Gene 66: 307-12 (1988) The yeast regulatory gene PHO2 encodes a protein assumed to activate, in concert with the PHO4 protein, the transcription of the repressible acid phosphatase-coding gene PHO5. The PHO2 gene was cloned89006272 DNA sequence of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus catechol 1,2- dioxygenase I structural gene catA: evidence for evolutionary divergence of intradiol dioxygenases by acquisition of DNA sequence repetitiNeidle EL; Hartnett C; Bonitz S; Ornston LN J Bacteriol 170: 4874-80 (1988) The DNA sequence of a 1.6-kilobase-pair SalI-KpnI Acinetobacter calcoaceticus restriction fragment carrying catA, the structural gene for catechol 1,2-dioxygenase I, was determined. The 933-nucleotide89008110 Structure and expression of the ompB operon, the regulatory locus for the outer membrane porin regulon in Salmonella typhimurium LT-2. Liljestrom P; Laamanen I; Palva ET J Mol Biol 201: 663-73 (1988) The ompB operon of Salmonella typhimurium encodes a positive transcriptional regulator OmpR and an inner membrane protein EnvZ. Both proteins are needed for the proper expression of the outer membrane89011922 Organization of the early region of bacteriophage phi 80. Genes and proteins. Ogawa T; Ogawa H; Tomizawa J J Mol Biol 202: 537-50 (1988) An EcoRI segment containing the early region of bacteriophage phi 80 DNA that controls immunity and lytic growth was identified as a segment whose presence on a plasmid prevented growth of infecting p89011978 Identification of mouse adenovirus type 1 early region 1: DNA sequence and a conserved transactivating function. Ball AO; Williams ME; Spindler KR J Virol 62: 3947-57 (1988) The left end of the genome of mouse adenovirus type 1 (also known as strain FL) was characterized by determination of the DNA sequence, amino acid similarities with early region proteins of primate ad89012162 Structure and sequence of the gene for the largest subunit of trypanosomal RNA polymerase III. Kock J; Evers R; Cornelissen AW Nucleic Acids Res 16: 8753-72 (1988) As the first step in the analysis of the transcription process in the African trypanosome, Trypanosoma brucei, we have started to characterise the trypanosomal RNA polymerases. We have previously desc89016560 5' flanking sequence and genomic structure of Egr-1, a murine mitogen inducible zinc finger encoding gene. Tsai-Morris CH; Cao XM; Sukhatme VP Nucleic Acids Res 16: 8835-46 (1988) Egr-1 is a murine zinc finger encoding cDNA whose expression is modulated by a variety of ligand-receptor interactions and is often coregulated with c-fos (1). This study reports the isolation of a mo89016565 Primary structure, developmentally regulated expression and potential duplication of the zebrafish homeobox gene ZF-21. Njolstad PR; Molven A; Hordvik I; Apold J; Fjose A Nucleic Acids Res 16: 9097-111 (1988) We report the molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA derived from a zebrafish gene (ZF-21) related to the mouse homeobox containing gene Hox2.1. Interesting information about the differentia89016617 Molecular cloning, sequencing, and mapping of EGR2, a human early growth response gene encoding a protein with Joseph LJ; Le Beau MM; Jamieson GA Jr; Acharya S; Shows TB; Rowley JD; Sukhatme VP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7164-8 (1988) Early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) is a mouse gene displaying fos- like induction kinetics in diverse cell types following mitogenic stimulation. Egr-1 encodes a protein with "zinc-binding finger" s89017158 Structural analysis of complementary DNA and amino acid sequences of human and rat androgen receptors. Chang CS; Kokontis J; Liao ST Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7211-5 (1988) Structural analysis of cDNAs for human and rat androgen receptors (ARs) indicates that the amino-terminal regions of ARs are rich in oligo- and poly(amino acid) motifs as in some homeotic genes. The h89017168 Characterization of the cDNA encoding a protein binding to the major histocompatibility complex class II Y box. Didier DK; Schiffenbauer J; Woulfe SL; Zacheis M; Schwartz BD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7322-6 (1988) The expression of HLA class II genes is regulated by a series of cis- acting elements and trans-acting factors. Several cis-acting elements have been identified and have been termed the Z box, X box, 89017190 Synergistic action of glucocorticoid and estradiol responsive elements. Ankenbauer W; Strahle U; Schutz G Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7526-30 (1988) Modulation of gene expression by steroid hormones is mediated by receptor proteins that associate with regulatory elements of responsive genes upon binding the hormone ligand. The finding that two glu89017230 MyoD1: a nuclear phosphoprotein requiring a Myc homology region to convert fibroblasts to myoblasts. Tapscott SJ; Davis RL; Thayer MJ; Cheng PF; Weintraub H; Lassar AB Science 242: 405-11 (1988) Expression of a complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding the mouse MyoD1 protein in a variety of fibroblast and adipoblast cell lines converts them to myogenic cells. Polyclonal antisera to fusion proteins c89019371 Copper activates metallothionein gene transcription by altering the conformation of a specific DNA binding protein [published erratum appears in Cell 1989 Jan 27;56(2):following 321] Furst P; Hu S; Hackett R; Hamer D Cell 55: 705-17 (1988) Copper homeostasis in yeast involves a copper binding protein, metallothionein, and a trans-acting regulatory protein that activates transcription of the metallothionein gene in response to copper ion89028682 Purification of a NF1-like DNA-binding protein from rat liver and cloning of the corresponding cDNA. Paonessa G; Gounari F; Frank R; Cortese R EMBO J 7: 3115-23 (1988) NF1-like proteins play a role in transcription of liver-specific genes. A DNA-binding protein, recognizing half of the canonical NF1 binding site (TGGCA) present on the human albumin and retinol-bindi89030607 Human beta-polymerase gene. Structure of the 5'-flanking region and active promoter. Widen SG; Kedar P; Wilson SH J Biol Chem 263: 16992-8 (1988) DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) is a housekeeping enzyme considered to be involved in DNA repair in vertebrate cells. We cloned a fragment of genomic DNA spanning the first two exons of the human beta-89034198 Interaction of nuclear proteins with muscle-specific regulatory sequences of the human cardiac alpha-actin promoter. Gustafson TA; Miwa T; Boxer LM; Kedes L Mol Cell Biol 8: 4110-9 (1988) The human cardiac alpha-actin promoter is involved in the muscle- specific transcriptional regulation of the gene. In this study, we utilized gel mobility shift, methylation interference, and DNase I 89039835 sry h-1, a new Drosophila melanogaster multifingered protein gene showing maternal and zygotic expression. Vincent A; Kejzlarova-Lepesant J; Segalat L; Yanicostas C; Lepesant JA Mol Cell Biol 8: 4459-68 (1988) Low-stringency hybridization of the Drosophila serendipity (sry) finger- coding sequences revealed copies of homologous DNA sequences in the genomes of members of the family Drosophilidae and higher v89039875 Structure of the rainbow trout metallothionein B gene and characterization of its metal-responsive region. Zafarullah M; Bonham K; Gedamu L Mol Cell Biol 8: 4469-76 (1988) The trout metallothionein (MT) genes consist of two members. We describe the structure of the first fish MT (tMT-B) gene which shows an overall resemblance but some remarkable differences with mammali89039876 Identification of a rat c-erbA alpha-related protein which binds deoxyribonucleic acid but does not bind thyroid hormone. Lazar MA; Hodin RA; Darling DS; Chin WW Mol Endocrinol 2: 893-901 (1988) c-erbA cDNAs encoding thyroid hormone-binding receptor proteins have been previously isolated from several species and tissues. We have isolated a novel rat c-erbA cDNA, r-erbA alpha-2, identical to t89039899 The Azorhizobium caulinodans nifA gene: identification of upstream- activating sequences including a new element, the 'anaerobox'. Nees DW; Stein PA; Ludwig RA Nucleic Acids Res 16: 9839-53 (1988) From nucleotide sequencing analyses, the A. caulinodans nifA gene seems to be under dual control by the Ntr (in response to available N) and Fnr (in response to available O2) transcriptional activatio89041569 A gene activated in mouse 3T3 cells by serum growth factors encodes a protein with Christy BA; Lau LF; Nathans D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7857-61 (1988) We have recently identified by cDNA cloning a set of genes that are rapidly activated in mouse 3T3 cells by serum or purified growth factors. Here we report that the cDNA (clone 268) derived from one 89042085 Purified hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 interacts with a family of hepatocyte-specific promoters. Courtois G; Baumhueter S; Crabtree GR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 7937-41 (1988) During development cell types arise through the activation or repression of classes of specific genes. One hypothesis is that this phenomenon is realized by tissue-specific factors playing a role at t89042101 A gene inducible by serum growth factors encodes a member of the steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Hazel TG; Nathans D; Lau LF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 8444-8 (1988) We previously identified, by cDNA cloning, a set of genes that are expressed during the G0/G1 transition (cell cycle reentry) in mouse fibroblasts. These immediate early genes are transcriptionally ac89042200 Induction of protooncogene c-jun by serum growth factors. Ryder K; Nathans D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 8464-7 (1988) We have previously reported that one of the genes that is rapidly induced in mouse 3T3 cells by serum growth factors (jun-B) encodes a protein related to the onco-protein v-jun. By using jun-B as a pr89042204 Posterior pattern formation in C. elegans involves position-specific expression of a gene containing a homeobox. Costa M; Weir M; Coulson A; Sulston J; Kenyon C Cell 55: 747-56 (1988) During postembryonic development in C. elegans, posterior-specific pattern formation requires the gene mab-5. Within the posterior body region, mab-5 activity controls epidermal, neuronal, and mesoder89051865 Metal binding 'finger' structures in the glucocorticoid receptor defined by site-directed mutagenesis. Severne Y; Wieland S; Schaffner W; Rusconi S EMBO J 7: 2503-8 (1988) The glucocorticoid receptor and the other members of the steroid receptor super-family share a highly conserved, cysteine-rich region which coincides with the DNA binding/transactivating domain. It ha89052664 Functional redundancy in the tissue-specific enhancer of the Drosophila Sgs-4 gene. Jongens TA; Fowler T; Shermoen AW; Beckendorf SK EMBO J 7: 2559-67 (1988) During the last day of larval development, the Sgs-4 glue gene of Drosophila melanogaster is expressed at high levels in a single tissue, the larval salivary glands. As shown by transformation experim89052672 Molecular structure and spatial expression of a homeobox gene from the labial region of the Antennapedia-complex. Mlodzik M; Fjose A; Gehring WJ EMBO J 7: 2569-78 (1988) We report the molecular characterization of a homeobox-containing gene that maps at 84A in the proximal region of the Antennapedia-complex. The structure and complete sequence are presented. Deletion 89052673 The achaete-scute gene complex of Drosophila melanogaster comprises four homologous genes. Alonso MC; Cabrera CV EMBO J 7: 2585-91 (1988) We have determined the nucleotide sequence of two genes of the achaete - scute complex (AS-C) and show that they are homologous to two previously sequenced members of the same locus. These four genes 89052675 The human beta-globin gene 3' enhancer contains multiple binding sites for an erythroid-specific protein. Wall L; deBoer E; Grosveld F Genes Dev 2: 1089-100 (1988) We have shown that the minimal enhancer fragment present in the 3'- flanking region of the human beta-globin gene contains four regions that bind nuclear proteins in vitro. By using gel mobility shift89053047 Nucleotide sequence of plasmid NAH7 gene nahR and DNA binding of the nahR product. You IS; Ghosal D; Gunsalus IC J Bacteriol 170: 5409-15 (1988) The nah and sal operons of the 80-kilobase-pair (kb) NAH7 plasmid specify catabolism of naphthalene and salicylate under positive regulation by gene nahR. A 1.75-kb fragment (PstI-HindIII) cloned into89053855 Structural determinants for transcriptional activation by cAMP- responsive DNA elements. Deutsch PJ; Hoeffler JP; Jameson JL; Lin JC; Habener JF J Biol Chem 263: 18466-72 (1988) A transcriptional cAMP-responsive enhancer element (CRE) consisting of the 8-base pair (bp) palindrome, 5' TGACGTCA 3', is found in several eukaryotic genes. We analyzed the effects on gene transcript89054030 Retinoic acid and thyroid hormone induce gene expression through a common responsive element. Umesono K; Giguere V; Glass CK; Rosenfeld MG; Evans RM Nature 336: 262-5 (1988) Studies of steroid receptors have led to the identification of a superfamily of ligand-inducible regulatory proteins that includes receptors for thyroid hormones and retinoic acid. This family of rece89057102 The yeast ADR6 gene encodes homopolymeric amino acid sequences and a potential metal-binding domain. O'Hara PJ; Horowitz H; Eichinger G; Young ET Nucleic Acids Res 16: 10153-69 (1988) The ADR6 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has an open reading frame which could encode a polypeptide of 1314 amino acids. The predicted mRNA encodes a protein with homopolymeric stretches of asparagin89057455 Pig Hox-2.4 has accumulated a frameshift mutation relative to mouse Hox- 2.4. Miller JR; Gaunt SJ; Sharpe PT Nucleic Acids Res 16: 10364 (1988) 89057478 Specific and ubiquitous expression of different Zn finger protein genes in the mouse. Chowdhury K; Rohdewohld H; Gruss P Nucleic Acids Res 16: 9995-10011 (1988) Zinc finger proteins (Zfp) are members of a multigene family encoding Zn mediated nucleic acid binding proteins. They have been isolated from various organisms including yeast, Drosophila, Xenopus mou89057528 Multiple genes encode nuclear factor 1-like proteins that bind to the promoter for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Gil G; Smith JR; Goldstein JL; Slaughter CA; Orth K; Brown MS; Osborne TF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 8963-7 (1988) DNA-binding proteins of the nuclear factor 1 (NF1) family recognize sequences containing TGG. Two of these proteins, termed reductase promoter factor (RPF) proteins A and B, bind to the promoter for h89057859 Structure and regulation of the rat 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor. Burmester JK; Wiese RJ; Maeda N; DeLuca HF Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 85: 9499-502 (1988) Complementary DNA clones encoding the entire rat 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor were isolated, and the total 423-amino acid sequence was deduced. The amino acid sequence of the rat receptor is simi89071726 Cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein: structure based on a cloned placental cDNA. Hoeffler JP; Meyer TE; Yun Y; Jameson JL; Habener JF Science 242: 1430-3 (1988) Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is an intracellular second messenger that activates transcription of many cellular genes. A palindromic consensus DNA sequence, TGACGTCA, functions as a cAMP-responsive transcription89072714 daughterless, a Drosophila gene essential for both neurogenesis and sex determination, has sequence similarities to myc and the achaete-scute complex. Caudy M; Vassin H; Brand M; Tuma R; Jan LY; Jan YN Cell 55: 1061-7 (1988) daughterless (da) has multiple functions in Drosophila embryonic development: maternal da activity is necessary for proper sex determination, and zygotic da activity is necessary for formation of the 89077534 Isolation and properties of cDNA clones encoding SRF, a transcription factor that binds to the c-fos serum response element. Norman C; Runswick M; Pollock R; Treisman R Cell 55: 989-1003 (1988) The serum response element (SRE) is a sequence required for transient transcriptional activation of genes in response to growth factors. We have isolated cDNA clones encoding serum response factor (SR89077555 Identification of two novel members of erbA superfamily by molecular cloning: the gene products of the two are highly related to each other. Miyajima N; Kadowaki Y; Fukushige S; Shimizu S; Semba K; Yamanashi Y; Matsubara K; Toyoshima K; Yamamoto T Nucleic Acids Res 16: 11057-74 (1988) Two v-erbA-related genes, named ear-2 and ear-3, have been identified in the human genome and characterized by cDNA cloning. These genes are predicted to encode proteins that are very similar in prima89083547 Isolation of human cDNA clones of myb-related genes, A-myb and B-myb [published erratum appears in Nucleic Acids Res 1989 Feb 11;17(3):1282] Nomura N; Takahashi M; Matsui M; Ishii S; Date T; Sasamoto S; Ishizaki R Nucleic Acids Res 16: 11075-89 (1988) cDNA clones of the myb-related genes A-myb and B-myb were obtained by screening human cDNA libraries. The predicted open reading frame of B- myb could encode a protein of 700 amino acid residues. Alth89083548 Purification methods for the sequence-specific DNA-binding protein nuclear factor I (NFI)--generation of protein sequence information. Gander I; Foeckler R; Rogge L; Meisterernst M; Schneider R; Mertz R; Lottspeich F; Winnacker EL Biochim Biophys Acta 951: 411-8 (1988) The paper describes a potent purification method, preparative gel retention, for the purification of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. This procedure exploits the sequence-specific DNA-binding a89088257 Characterization of a murine homeo box gene, Hox-2.6, related to the Drosophila Deformed gene. Graham A; Papalopulu N; Lorimer J; McVey JH; Tuddenham EG; Krumlauf R Genes Dev 2: 1424-38 (1988) The Hox-2 locus on chromosome 11 represents one of the major clusters of homeo-box-containing genes in the mouse. We have identified two new members (Hox-2.6 and Hox-2.7), which form part of this clus89091992 Isolation of a recombinant copy of the gene encoding C/EBP. Landschulz WH; Johnson PF; Adashi EY; Graves BJ; McKnight SL Genes Dev 2: 786-800 (1988) In two previous studies we described the properties of a heat-stable DNA-binding protein present in rat liver nuclei. This protein, hereafter termed C/EBP, is capable of selective binding to the CCAAT89092001 Flexibility of the yeast alpha 2 repressor enables it to occupy the ends of its operator, leaving the center free. Sauer RT; Smith DL; Johnson AD Genes Dev 2: 807-16 (1988) The yeast alpha 2 protein, the product of the MAT alpha 2 gene, is a regulator of yeast cell type; it turns off transcription of the a- specific genes by binding to an operator located upstream of eac89092003 An erythrocyte-specific protein that binds to the poly(dG) region of the chicken beta-globin gene promoter. Lewis CD; Clark SP; Felsenfeld G; Gould H Genes Dev 2: 863-73 (1988) The promoter region of the chicken adult beta-globin gene contains a sequence of 16 deoxyguanosine residues located at a nucleosome boundary in tissues where the gene is inactive. In definitive erythr89092008 Positive and negative regulators for glucitol (gut) operon expression in Escherichia coli. Yamada M; Saier MH Jr J Mol Biol 203: 569-83 (1988) Expression of the glucitol (gut) operon in Escherichia coli is regulated by an unusual, complex system which consists of an activator (encoded by the gutM gene) and a repressor (encoded by the gutR ge89094828 Nucleotide sequence of a 24,206-base-pair DNA fragment carrying the entire nitrogen fixation gene cluster of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Arnold W; Rump A; Klipp W; Priefer UB; Puhler A J Mol Biol 203: 715-38 (1988) The complete nucleotide sequence (24,206 base-pairs) of the Klebsiella pneumoniae gene region for nitrogen fixation (nif) is presented. Coding regions corresponding to the 19 known nif genes (includin89094839 The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region exhibits partial dyad symmetry and a capacity to drive bidirectional transcription. Grichnik JM; French BA; Schwartz RJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 4587-97 (1988) The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region (-202 to -12) provides myogenic transcriptional specificity. This promoter contains partial dyad symmetry about an axis at nucleotide -108 and in 89096827 DNA-binding activities of the Drosophila melanogaster even-skipped protein are mediated by its homeo domain and influenced by protein context. Hoey T; Warrior R; Manak J; Levine M Mol Cell Biol 8: 4598-607 (1988) The homeo box gene even-skipped (eve) encodes a 376-amino-acid protein that binds with high affinity to sequences located near the 5' termini of the eve and en genes. The 5' en sites are A + T rich an89096828 A regulatory region responsible for proline-specific induction of the yeast PUT2 gene is adjacent to its TATA box. Siddiqui AH; Brandriss MC Mol Cell Biol 8: 4634-41 (1988) Deletion analysis of the promoter of the PUT2 gene that functions in the proline utilization pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified a PUT2 upstream activation site (UAS). It is contained withi89096832 Organization of the murine Mx gene and characterization of its interferon- and virus-inducible promoter. Hug H; Costas M; Staeheli P; Aebi M; Weissmann C Mol Cell Biol 8: 3065-79 (1988) Specific resistance of Mx+ mice to influenza virus is due to the interferon (IFN)-induced protein Mx. The Mx gene consists of 14 exons that are spread over at least 55 kilobase pairs of DNA. Surprisin89096892 The GLI-Kruppel family of human genes. Ruppert JM; Kinzler KW; Wong AJ; Bigner SH; Kao FT; Law ML; Seuanez HN; O'Brien SJ; Vogelstein B Mol Cell Biol 8: 3104-13 (1988) Previous characterization of GLI, a gene found to be amplified and expressed in a subset of human brain tumors, revealed the presence of five tandem zinc fingers related to those of Kruppel (Kr), a Dr89096896 DNA sequences involved in transcriptional regulation of the mouse beta- globin promoter in murine erythroleukemia cells. Cowie A; Myers RM Mol Cell Biol 8: 3122-8 (1988) We have developed a transient assay in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells to analyze the cis-acting sequence requirements for transcriptional regulation of the mouse beta-major-globin promoter. From d89096898 The bicoid protein is a positive regulator of hunchback transcription in the early Drosophila embryo. Driever W; Nusslein-Volhard C Nature 337: 138-43 (1989) A gradient in concentration of the protein product of the bicoid gene is a determinant of the anterior-posterior axis of Drosophila embryos. By binding upstream of the segmentation gene hunchback the 89097249 Stage- and tissue-specific expression of two homeo box genes in sea urchin embryos and adults. Dolecki GJ; Wang G; Humphreys T Nucleic Acids Res 16: 11543-58 (1988) We report the isolation of two different homeo box genes, HB3 and HB4, from the Hawaiian sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla. DNA sequencing revealed a definitive Antennapedia (Antp) class homeo box in ea89098309 Different liver nuclear proteins binds to similar DNA sequences in the 5' flanking regions of three hepatic genes. Ochoa A; Brunel F; Mendelzon D; Cohen GN; Zakin MM Nucleic Acids Res 17: 119-33 (1989) The proximal promoter region of the human transferrin gene contains an hepatocyte-specific cis-element (PRI, nucleotides -76 to -51) whose DNA sequence is homologous to a sequence (nucleotides -89 to 89098374 Two tissue-specific factors bind the erythroid promoter of the human porphobilinogen deaminase gene. Mignotte V; Wall L; deBoer E; Grosveld F; Romeo PH Nucleic Acids Res 17: 37-54 (1989) We have studied the erythroid-specific promoter of the human gene coding for Porphobilinogen Deaminase (PBGD) by DNaseI footprinting, gel retardation and methylation interference assays. We show that 89098393 Novel cDNA sequence possibly generated by alternative splicing of a mouse glucocorticoid receptor gene transcript from Shionogi carcinoma 115. Nohno T; Kasai Y; Saito T Nucleic Acids Res 17: 445 (1989) 89098404 Characterization and expression of a cDNA encoding the human androgen receptor. Tilley WD; Marcelli M; Wilson JD; McPhaul MJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 327-31 (1989) We report the isolation of a cDNA that encodes the complete human androgen receptor. The cDNA predicts a protein of 917 amino acids with a molecular weight of 98,918. Introduction of the cDNA into het89098909 Functional dissection and sequence of yeast HAP1 activator. Pfeifer K; Kim KS; Kogan S; Guarente L Cell 56: 291-301 (1989) We present the DNA sequence and a functional dissection of the 1483 residue yeast activator HAP1. Salient results are, first, a single DNA binding domain (1-148) specifies binding to the two target si89106221 The MAL63 gene of Saccharomyces encodes a cysteine-zinc finger protein. Kim J; Michels CA Curr Genet 14: 319-23 (1988) Inducible maltose fermentation by Saccharomyces carlesbergensis requires the product of the MAL63 gene of the MAL6 locus. It has been suggested that this gene product is an activator protein controlli89106267 Duplicated homeobox genes in Xenopus. Fritz AF; Cho KW; Wright CV; Jegalian BG; De Robertis EM Dev Biol 131: 584-8 (1989) Multiple kinds of clones and restriction fragment polymorphisms are frequently encountered when analyzing genes of the tetraploid frog Xenopus laevis. Two types of cDNA clone have been isolated for ho89107773 The B-cell-specific Oct-2 protein contains POU box- and homeo box-type domains. Clerc RG; Corcoran LM; LeBowitz JH; Baltimore D; Sharp PA Genes Dev 2: 1570-81 (1988) Transcription of promoters of immunoglobulin genes is controlled by an octanucleotide sequence element. The sequence of a cDNA encoding a B- cell-specific protein, Oct-2, has been determined. This pro89107992 A mouse gene homologous to the Drosophila gene caudal is expressed in epithelial cells from the embryonic intestine. Duprey P; Chowdhury K; Dressler GR; Balling R; Simon D; Guenet JL; Gruss P Genes Dev 2: 1647-54 (1988) A mouse gene, Cdx-1, was isolated from an embryonic cDNA library using a Drosophila caudal gene probe. The deduced amino acid sequence of Cdx- 1 contains conserved sequence domains along the entire ge89107998 Molecular characterization of daughterless, a Drosophila sex determination gene with multiple roles in development. Cronmiller C; Schedl P; Cline TW Genes Dev 2: 1666-76 (1988) The daughterless (da) gene in Drosophila acts both maternally and zygotically to provide essential functions during development. Maternal da+ expression is required by embryos for the regulation of se89108000 The human androgen receptor: complementary deoxyribonucleic acid cloning, sequence analysis and gene expression in prostate. Lubahn DB; Joseph DR; Sar M; Tan J; Higgs HN; Larson RE; French FS; Wilson EM Mol Endocrinol 2: 1265-75 (1988) Androgenic hormones mediate their effects on male sex differentiation and development through a high affinity receptor protein. We report here cloning of the complete coding sequence of the human andr89112208 The rat androgen receptor: primary structure, autoregulation of its messenger ribonucleic acid, and immunocytochemical localization of the receptor protein. Tan JA; Joseph DR; Quarmby VE; Lubahn DB; Sar M; French FS; Wilson EM Mol Endocrinol 2: 1276-85 (1988) A composite androgen receptor DNA sequence 4,181 base pairs in length was determined from three cDNA clones isolated from a rat epididymal bacteriophage lambda gt11 library. An open reading frame of 989112209 Sequence of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa trpI activator gene and relatedness of trpI to other procaryotic regulatory genes. Chang M; Hadero A; Crawford IP J Bacteriol 171: 172-83 (1989) In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the trpI gene product regulates the expression of the trpBA gene pair encoding tryptophan synthase. trpI and trpBA are transcribed divergently. The trpI DNA sequence and ded89123015 The helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif. Brennan RG; Matthews BW J Biol Chem 264: 1903-6 (1989) 89123244 The second-largest subunit of the poxvirus RNA polymerase is similar to the corresponding subunits of procaryotic and eucaryotic RNA polymerases. Patel DD; Pickup DJ J Virol 63: 1076-86 (1989) We have characterized the poxvirus gene encoding the second-largest subunit of the viral DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. This gene, designated rpo132, is located in the HindIII A fragment of the DNA of 89125698 Primary structure of the regulatory gene from the MAL6 locus of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Sollitti P; Marmur J Mol Gen Genet 213: 56-62 (1988) We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the yeast MAL6R gene from the Saccharomyces carlsbergensis MAL6 locus. The MAL6R gene encodes a transacting protein required for the inducible, coordi89127146 Adenovirus transcriptional regulatory regions are conserved in mammalian cells and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Kornuc M; Altman R; Harrich D; Garcia J; Chao J; Kayne P; Gaynor R Mol Cell Biol 8: 3717-25 (1988) The adenovirus early region 3 (E3) promoter is an early viral promoter which is strongly induced by the adenovirus transactivator protein E1A. DNase I footprinting with HeLa cell extracts has identifi89127211 Transcription of HLA class II genes in the absence of B-cell-specific octamer-binding factor. Stimac E; Lyons S; Pious D Mol Cell Biol 8: 3734-9 (1988) HLA-DR and other human class II histocompatibility genes are expressed by Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-lymphocyte cell lines but not by most T-cell leukemia lines. We determined by transcriptional89127213 Negative regulation of transcription in vitro by a glucocorticoid response element is mediated by a trans-acting factor. Langer SJ; Ostrowski MC Mol Cell Biol 8: 3872-81 (1988) In vitro experiments with cell extracts prepared from a mouse mammary epithelial cell line demonstrated that a cis-acting glucocorticoid response element (GRE) of the mouse mammary tumor virus repress89127229 One of the tightly clustered genes of the mouse surfeit locus is a highly expressed member of a multigene family whose other members are predominantly processed pseudogenes. Huxley C; Williams T; Fried M Mol Cell Biol 8: 3898-905 (1988) The mouse surfeit locus is unusual in that it contains a number of closely clustered genes (Surf-1, -2, and -4) that alternate in their direction of transcription (T. Williams, J. Yon, C. Huxley, and 89127232 Early retinoic acid-induced F9 teratocarcinoma stem cell gene ERA-1: alternate splicing creates transcripts for a homeobox-containing protein and one lacking the homeobox. LaRosa GJ; Gudas LJ Mol Cell Biol 8: 3906-17 (1988) Retinoic acid (RA), the natural acidic derivative of vitamin A, can modulate the expression of specific genes and can induce some cell types, such as the murine F9 teratocarcinoma stem cell line, to d89127233 Characterization of a third human thyroid hormone receptor coexpressed with other thyroid hormone receptors in several tissues. Nakai A; Sakurai A; Bell GI; DeGroot LJ Mol Endocrinol 2: 1087-92 (1988) A cDNA that encodes a third type of human thyroid hormone receptor (hTR alpha 1) has been isolated from a skeletal muscle library. The cDNA encodes a 410 amino acid protein, Mr = 46,820. When expresse89127255 Identification and estrogen induction of two estrogen receptors (ER) messenger ribonucleic acids in the rainbow trout liver: sequence homology with other ERs. Pakdel F; Le Guellec C; Vaillant C; Le Roux MG; Valotaire Y Mol Endocrinol 3: 44-51 (1989) The estrogen-binding region of the cDNA for chicken ER reveals a mRNA of 3.5 kilobases (kb) in rainbow trout liver. The level of this messenger, which is very low in the liver of naive male animals, c89127284 Fused transcripts of c-myc and a new cellular locus, hcr in a primary liver tumor. Etiemble J; Moroy T; Jacquemin E; Tiollais P; Buendia MA Oncogene 4: 51-7 (1989) The proto-oncogene c-myc has been implicated in the formation of primary liver tumors in hepatitis virus-infected woodchucks. In one of these tumors, a DNA rearrangement placed the truncated c-myc gen89128197 Trypanosoma brucei contains two RNA polymerase II largest subunit genes with an altered C-terminal domain [published erratum appears in Cell 1989 Jul 28;58(2):following 419] Evers R; Hammer A; Kock J; Jess W; Borst P; Memet S; Cornelissen AW Cell 56: 585-97 (1989) We have identified and cloned four trypanosomal RNA polymerase largest subunit genes. Here, we present the molecular analysis of two genes, Trp4.8 and Trp5.9. The sequence of these genes shows that th89136005 Gene organization of murine homeobox-containing gene clusters. Do MS; Lonai P Genomics 3: 195-200 (1988) A chromosomal walk which links a previously described and a new homeobox to the Hox-2 murine homeobox gene cluster is described, and the nucleotide sequence of the new homeobox is presented. With thes89138440 Essential roles of the RNA polymerase I largest subunit and DNA topoisomerases in the formation of fission yeast nucleolus. Hirano T; Konoha G; Toda T; Yanagida M J Cell Biol 108: 243-53 (1989) A temperature-sensitive lethal mutant nuc1-632 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe shows marked reduction in macromolecular synthesis and a defective nuclear phenotype with an aberrant nucleolus, indicating 89139548 Structure and regulation of controlling sequences for the Streptomyces coelicolor glycerol operon. Smith CP; Chater KF J Mol Biol 204: 569-80 (1988) The pathway for glycerol catabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor is determined by the gylABX operon. The sequence of about 1500 base-pairs (bp) preceding the structural genes of the operon has been dete89141757 Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein involved in plasmid maintenance is necessary for mating of MAT alpha cells. Passmore S; Maine GT; Elble R; Christ C; Tye BK J Mol Biol 204: 593-606 (1988) We previously reported the isolation of yeast mutants that seem to affect the function of certain autonomously replicating sequences (ARSs). These mutants are known as mcm for their defect in the main89141759 A cluster of phosphorylation sites on the cyclic AMP-regulated nuclear factor CREB predicted by its sequence. Gonzalez GA; Yamamoto KK; Fischer WH; Karr D; Menzel P; Biggs W 3d; Vale WW; Montminy MR Nature 337: 749-52 (1989) Cyclic AMP regulates the expression of a number of genes through a conserved promoter element, the CRE1. Moreover, transcriptional induction by cAMP requires the activation of cAMP-dependent protein k89143746 Transcription activation by the adenovirus E1a protein. Lillie JW; Green MR Nature 338: 39-44 (1989) The adenovirus E1a protein stimulates transcription of a wide variety of viral and cellular genes. It is shown here that E1a has the two functions characteristic of a typical cellular activator: one d89143762 Isolation, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of appY, a regulatory gene for growth-phase-dependent gene expression in Escherichia coli. Atlung T; Nielsen A; Hansen FG J Bacteriol 171: 1683-91 (1989) A plasmid carrying a regulator gene, designated appY, was found in the screening of an Escherichia coli gene library for clones overproducing AppA, an acid phosphatase which is induced as a culture ap89155479 In trypanosomes the homolog of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II is encoded by two genes and has a highly unusual C-terminal domain structure. Smith JL; Levin JR; Ingles CJ; Agabian N Cell 56: 815-27 (1989) We have isolated the genes encoding the largest subunit of all three classes of RNA polymerase from Trypanosoma brucei. While the pol II largest subunit is encoded by a single gene in all organisms ex89168422 A nuclear gene essential for mitochondrial replication suppresses a defect of mitochondrial transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lisowsky T; Michaelis G Mol Gen Genet 214: 218-23 (1988) A genomic DNA fragment from yeast was isolated by transforming a temperature sensitive pet mutant. This mutant, pet-ts 798, has previously been characterized by its altered mitochondrial transcription89181520 New B-lymphocyte-specific enhancer-binding protein. Dorn A; Benoist C; Mathis D Mol Cell Biol 9: 312-20 (1989) We report the discovery of a new B-lymphocyte-specific enhancer-binding protein. A series of gel retardation assays using fragments that scan the -2172 to -1180 region of the major histocompatibility 89181584 Adjacent upstream activation sequence elements synergistically regulate transcription of ADH2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Yu J; Donoviel MS; Young ET Mol Cell Biol 9: 34-42 (1989) A 22-base-pair (bp) inverted repeat present in the ADH2 promoter is an upstream activation sequence (UAS1) which confers ADR1-dependent activation upon a heterologous Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoter89181590 Distal-less encodes a homoeodomain protein required for limb development in Drosophila. Cohen SM; Bronner G; Kuttner F; Jurgens G; Jackle H Nature 338: 432-4 (1989) The spatial organization of the Drosophila embryo depends on the activity of three axial pattern-forming systems. In addition to the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral systems that organize the seg89181930 Expression of Hox-2.4 homeobox gene directed by proviral insertion in a myeloid leukemia. Kongsuwan K; Allen J; Adams JM Nucleic Acids Res 17: 1881-92 (1989) The presence of an altered Hox-2.4 gene in the WEHI3B murine myeloid leukemia suggests that homeobox genes may contribute to neoplasia. A survey of 31 leukemia cell lines of the myeloid, lymphoid and 89183599 Nucleotide sequence of the narL gene that is involved in global regulation of nitrate controlled respiratory genes of Escherichia coli. Gunsalus RP; Kalman LV; Stewart RR Nucleic Acids Res 17: 1965-75 (1989) The DNA sequence was determined for the narL gene of Escherichia coli. This gene is involved in global regulation of a number of nitrate controlled genes including frdABCD, tor, narGHJI, and adhE whic89183605 Two erbA homologs encoding proteins with different T3 binding capacities are transcribed from opposite DNA strands of the same genetic locus. Miyajima N; Horiuchi R; Shibuya Y; Fukushige S; Matsubara K; Toyoshima K; Yamamoto T Cell 57: 31-9 (1989) Two erbA homologs, termed ear-1 and ear-7, are present in the human genome on chromosome 17. The two genes reside in the same genetic locus with overlapping exons and are transcribed from opposite DNA89195219 Role of bacteriophage Mu C protein in activation of the mom gene promoter. Bolker M; Wulczyn FG; Kahmann R J Bacteriol 171: 2019-27 (1989) The phage Mu C gene product is a specific activator of Mu late gene transcription, including activation of the mom operon. Fusion of the C gene to the efficient translation initiation region of the Es89197770 Sequence, organization, transcription and evolution of RNA polymerase subunit genes from the archaebacterial extreme halophiles Halobacterium halobium and Halococcus morrhuae. Leffers H; Gropp F; Lottspeich F; Zillig W; Garrett RA J Mol Biol 206: 1-17 (1989) The genes for the four largest subunits, A, B', B" and C, of the DNA- dependent RNA polymerase were cloned from the extreme halophile Halobacterium halobium and sequenced and their transcription was a89199633 Control of gene expression in the P2-related temperate coliphage 186. VI. Sequence analysis of the early lytic region. Richardson H; Puspurs A; Egan JB J Mol Biol 206: 251-5 (1989) We have completed the sequence of the 186 early lytic region and established that this region encodes the four genes CP75, CP76, CP77 and CP78, with CP79 the first gene of the next region. Functions h89199647 Structure, origin, and transforming activity of feline leukemia virus- myc recombinant provirus FTT. Doggett DL; Drake AL; Hirsch V; Rowe ME; Stallard V; Mullins JI J Virol 63: 2108-17 (1989) A myc-containing recombinant feline leukemia provirus, designated FTT, was molecularly cloned from the cat T-cell lymphoma line F422. Its transforming activity, as well as the nucleotide sequence of t89199767 Identification and nucleotide sequence of the class E tet regulatory elements and operator and inducer binding of the encoded purified Tet repressor. Tovar K; Ernst A; Hillen W Mol Gen Genet 215: 76-80 (1988) The regulatory region and repressor (tetRE) gene from the class E tetracycline resistance determinant previously isolated from Enterobacteriaceae have been identified and completely sequenced. The reg89201249 elk, tissue-specific ets-related genes on chromosomes X and 14 near translocation breakpoints. Rao VN; Huebner K; Isobe M; ar-Rushdi A; Croce CM; Reddy ES Science 244: 66-70 (1989) The myb-ets-containing acute leukemia virus, E26, transforms myeloblasts and erythroblasts in culture and causes a mixed erythroid and myeloid leukemia in chicks. Genes (ets-1, ets-2, and erg) with va89203250 Position dependent expression of a homeobox gene transcript in relation to amphibian limb regeneration. Savard P; Gates PB; Brockes JP EMBO J 7: 4275-82 (1988) Adult urodele amphibians such as the newt Notophthalmus viridescens are capable of regenerating their limbs and tail by formation of a blastema, a growth zone of mesenchymal progenitor cells. In an at89210814 DNA rearrangement of a homeobox gene in myeloid leukaemic cells [published erratum appears in EMBO J 1989 Apr;8(4):1288] Blatt C; Aberdam D; Schwartz R; Sachs L EMBO J 7: 4283-90 (1988) A homeobox gene rearrangement has been detected in WEHI-3B mouse myeloid leukaemic cells. The rearranged gene was identified as Hox-2.4 which is a member of the Hox-2 gene cluster on mouse chromosome 89210815 Pilin expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae is under both positive and negative transcriptional control. Taha MK; So M; Seifert HS; Billyard E; Marchal C EMBO J 7: 4367-78 (1988) We have identified two closely linked genes, pilA and pilB, which act in trans on the pilin promoter. pilA-pilB map downstream of expression loci pilE1 and opaE1 in the gonococcal chromosome. Subcloni89210824 The arginine repressor is essential for plasmid-stabilizing site- specific recombination at the ColE1 cer locus. Stirling CJ; Szatmari G; Stewart G; Smith MC; Sherratt DJ EMBO J 7: 4389-95 (1988) The heritable stability in Escherichia coli of the multicopy plasmid ColE1 and its natural relatives requires that the plasmids be maintained in the monomeric state. Plasmid multimers, that arise thro89210827 A new family of mouse homeo box-containing genes: molecular structure, chromosomal location, and developmental expression of Hox-7.1. Hill RE; Jones PF; Rees AR; Sime CM; Justice MJ; Copeland NG; Jenkins NA; Graham E; Davidson DR Genes Dev 3: 26-37 (1989) Two families of homeo box-containing genes have been identified in mammals to date, the Antennapedia- and engrailed-like homeo boxes, based on the sequence similarity to those from Drosophila. Here, w89211889 Structure and neural expression of a zebrafish homeobox sequence. Njolstad PR; Molven A; Eiken HG; Fjose A Gene 73: 33-46 (1988) A genomic library of zebrafish was constructed and screened with homeobox-containing probes. One of the positive clones contains a transcribed region which shares extensive sequence homology with the 89211958 The ethanol regulon in Aspergillus nidulans: characterization and sequence of the positive regulatory gene alcR. Felenbok B; Sequeval D; Mathieu M; Sibley S; Gwynne DI; Davies RW Gene 73: 385-96 (1988) The regulatory gene, alcR, of Aspergillus nidulans, encodes a protein that induces the expression of the alcA and aldA genes. The alcR gene is inducible, autoregulated, and subject to carbon catabolit89211976 Two human genes isolated by a novel method encode DNA-binding proteins containing a common region of homology. Sakura H; Maekawa T; Imamoto F; Yasuda K; Ishii S Gene 73: 499-507 (1988) Two cDNAs encoding new DNA-binding proteins (Dbps) have been cloned using a human placenta lambda gt11 recombinant cDNA library and DNA fragments as probes. Hybrid proteins expressed by the lambda gt189211987 Analysis of the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II in Drosophila. Jokerst RS; Weeks JR; Zehring WA; Greenleaf AL Mol Gen Genet 215: 266-75 (1989) We have characterized RpII215, the gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II in Drosophila melanogaster. DNA sequencing and nuclease S1 analyses provided the primary structure of this gen89218930 The sarcomeric actin CArG-binding factor is indistinguishable from the c-fos serum response factor. Boxer LM; Prywes R; Roeder RG; Kedes L Mol Cell Biol 9: 515-22 (1989) The c-fos serum response element (SRE) and a sarcomeric actin promoter element (CArG box) are similar in sequence and are recognized, respectively, by the serum response factor (SRF) and the CArG-bind89219044 Structure, chromosome location, and expression of the mouse zinc finger gene Krox-20: multiple gene products and coregulation with the proto- oncogene c-fos. Chavrier P; Janssen-Timmen U; Mattei MG; Zerial M; Bravo R; Charnay P Mol Cell Biol 9: 787-97 (1989) We have analyzed the structure and the regulation of Krox-20, a mouse zinc finger-encoding gene which is transiently activated following serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblast cells in culture. The89219073 Individual protein-binding domains of the insulin gene enhancer positively activate beta-cell-specific transcription. Karlsson O; Walker MD; Rutter WJ; Edlund T Mol Cell Biol 9: 823-7 (1989) A beta-cell-specific enhancer is located in the 5'-flanking DNA of the rat insulin 1 gene. Two homologous 8-base-pair sequences in the enhancer (IEB1 and IEB2) significantly stimulated transcription f89219078 The expression of rat homeobox-containing genes is developmentally regulated and tissue specific. Falzon M; Chung SY Development 103: 601-10 (1988) Seven rat homeobox-containing sequences have been isolated by screening a genomic library with a probe derived from a Drosophila antennapedia cDNA clone. The characterization of two of these homeobox-89231502 Two different virus-inducible elements are required for human beta- interferon gene regulation. Fan CM; Maniatis T EMBO J 8: 101-10 (1989) We show that the human beta-interferon gene promoter contains two different virus-inducible regulatory elements, PRDI and PRDII (positive regulatory domains I and II). A single copy of either element 89231607 Closely related transcripts encoded by the neurogenic gene complex enhancer of split of Drosophila melanogaster. Klambt C; Knust E; Tietze K; Campos-Ortega JA EMBO J 8: 203-10 (1989) Genetic evidence suggests that E(spl), one of the neurogenic loci of Drosophila, is a gene complex comprising an as yet incompletely established number of transcription units. In order to correlate th89231619 The homeotic gene Sex Combs Reduced of Drosophila: gene structure and embryonic expression. LeMotte PK; Kuroiwa A; Fessler LI; Gehring WJ EMBO J 8: 219-27 (1989) The homeotic gene Sex Combs Reduced (Scr) of Drosophila is required during embryogenesis for labial and first thoracic segment development. We define the Scr gene structure, showing that the major emb89231621 Structure and expression of a family of Ultrabithorax mRNAs generated by alternative splicing and polyadenylation in Drosophila. Kornfeld K; Saint RB; Beachy PA; Harte PJ; Peattie DA; Hogness DS Genes Dev 3: 243-58 (1989) The 77-kb primary transcript of the homeotic Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene is alternatively spliced to yield at least five different coding regions. Each is restricted to either a 3.2- or a 4.3-kb size cla89232720 Cloning and sequence determination of the gene encoding the largest subunit of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe RNA polymerase I. Yamagishi M; Nomura M Gene 74: 503-15 (1988) The gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase I (SPRPA190) was cloned from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe by cross- hybridization with a probe containing part of the correspondi89232741 Isolation and chromosomal localization of the human En-2 gene. Poole SJ; Law ML; Kao FT; Lau YF Genomics 4: 225-31 (1989) By low stringency hybridization we have isolated from a human cosmid genomic library sequences homologous with a probe from the Drosophila engrailed gene. Partial nucleotide sequence analysis shows a 89233109 Mapping and characterization of an X-linked processed gene related to MYCL1. Morton CC; Nussenzweig MC; Sousa R; Sorenson GD; Pettengill OS; Shows TB Genomics 4: 367-75 (1989) A DNA sequence with homology to the myc family of proto-oncogenes has been characterized and found to be a processed gene related to L-MYC (MYCL1). This processed gene (MYCL2) was isolated by cross- h89233129 Structure of a mammalian c-rel protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence of murine cDNA clones. Grumont RJ; Gerondakis S Oncogene Res 4: 1-8 (1989) The avian retrovirus, rev-T, which carries the viral oncogene v-rel, causes an acute leukemia in birds and transforms immature lymphoid cells in vitro. Although the role of c-rel in normal cells is un89239482 Sequence of cDNA for murine Zfy-1, a candidate for Tdy. Ashworth A; Swift S; Affara N Nucleic Acids Res 17: 2864 (1989) 89240049 The murine and Drosophila homeobox gene complexes have common features of organization and expression. Graham A; Papalopulu N; Krumlauf R Cell 57: 367-78 (1989) In situ hybridization analysis of mouse embryos shows the seven members of the Hox-2 complex to be differentially expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system and in mesodermal derivatives (89249299 The homeotic gene fork head encodes a nuclear protein and is expressed in the terminal regions of the Drosophila embryo. Weigel D; Jurgens G; Kuttner F; Seifert E; Jackle H Cell 57: 645-58 (1989) The region-specific homeotic gene fork head (fkh) promotes terminal as opposed to segmental development in the Drosophila embryo. We have cloned the fkh region by chromosomal walking. P element-mediat89249328 A novel human muscle factor related to but distinct from MyoD1 induces myogenic conversion in 10T1/2 fibroblasts. Braun T; Buschhausen-Denker G; Bober E; Tannich E; Arnold HH EMBO J 8: 701-9 (1989) We have isolated the cDNA encoding a novel human myogenic factor, Myf- 5, by weak cross-hydridization to the mouse MyoD1 probe. Nucleotide sequence analysis and the identification of the corresponding89251600 Progressively restricted expression of a homeo box gene within the aboral ectoderm of developing sea urchin embryos. Angerer LM; Dolecki GJ; Gagnon ML; Lum R; Wang G; Yang Q; Humphreys T; Angerer RC Genes Dev 3: 370-83 (1989) A homeo box-containing gene, Hbox1 is expressed in an unusual and highly conserved spatial pattern in embryos of two different species of sea urchin, Tripneustes gratilla and Strongylocentrotus purpur89252815 Isolation, structure, and expression of labial, a homeotic gene of the Antennapedia Complex involved in Drosophila head development. Diederich RJ; Merrill VK; Pultz MA; Kaufman TC Genes Dev 3: 399-414 (1989) The labial (lab) gene of Drosophila melanogaster is necessary for the proper development of the embryonic (larval) and adult head. We have identified the lab transcription unit within the proximal por89252817 Specific recognition nucleotides and their DNA context determine the affinity of E2 protein for 17 binding sites in the BPV-1 genome. Li R; Knight J; Bream G; Stenlund A; Botchan M Genes Dev 3: 510-26 (1989) The DNA context of nucleotides that a protein recognizes can influence the strength of the protein-DNA interaction. Moreover, in prokaryotes, understanding the quantitative differences in binding affi89252826 Nuclear factor E2F mediates basic transcription and trans-activation by E1a of the human MYC promoter. Thalmeier K; Synovzik H; Mertz R; Winnacker EL; Lipp M Genes Dev 3: 527-36 (1989) Transcription from one of the two initiation sites, P1 and P2, of the dual human MYC promoter seems to be essential in all proliferating cells. To identify proteins and target structures for MYC regul89252827 Product of the Lactococcus lactis gene required for malolactic fermentation is homologous to a family of positive regulators. Renault P; Gaillardin C; Heslot H J Bacteriol 171: 3108-14 (1989) Malolactic fermentation is a secondary fermentation that many lactic acid bacteria can carry out when L-malate is present in the medium. The activation of the malolactic system in Lactococcus lactis i89255069 Two nifA-like genes required for expression of alternative nitrogenases by Azotobacter vinelandii. Joerger RD; Jacobson MR; Bishop PE J Bacteriol 171: 3258-67 (1989) Two nifA-like genes, designated anfA and vnfA, have been identified in Azotobacter vinelandii. The anfA gene is located upstream from the nitrogenase-3 structural gene cluster (anfHDGK) and is precede89255091 Overlapping octamer and TAATGARAT motifs in the VF65-response elements in herpes simplex virus immediate-early promoters represent independent binding sites for cellular nuclear factor III. apRhys CM; Ciufo DM; O'Neill EA; Kelly TJ; Hayward GS J Virol 63: 2798-812 (1989) Expression of the immediate-early (IE) genes of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is specifically stimulated by a 65-kilodalton virion transcription factor (VF65 or VP16) that is introduced as a component of89259062 cys-3, the positive-acting sulfur regulatory gene of Neurospora crassa, encodes a protein with a putative leucine zipper DNA-binding element. Fu YH; Paietta JV; Mannix DG; Marzluf GA Mol Cell Biol 9: 1120-7 (1989) The sulfur-regulatory circuit of Neurospora crassa consists of a set of unlinked structural genes which encode sulfur-catabolic enzymes and two major regulatory genes which govern their expression. Th89261715 A novel member of the thyroid/steroid hormone receptor family is encoded by the opposite strand of the rat c-erbA alpha transcriptional unit. Lazar MA; Hodin RA; Darling DS; Chin WW Mol Cell Biol 9: 1128-36 (1989) A cDNA encoding a novel member of the thyroid/steroid hormone receptor superfamily, called Rev-ErbA alpha, has been isolated from a rat GH3 cell library. Rev-ErbA alpha is an approximately 56-kilodalt89261716 Avian retroviral long terminal repeats bind CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein. Ryden TA; Beemon K Mol Cell Biol 9: 1155-64 (1989) DNA-protein interactions involving enhancer and promoter sequences within the U3 regions of several avian retroviral long terminal repeats (LTRs) were studied by DNase I footprinting. The rat CCAAT/en89261719 Fine mapping of a mouse metallothionein gene metal response element. Culotta VC; Hamer DH Mol Cell Biol 9: 1376-80 (1989) Metal-regulated transcription of metallothionein (MT) genes in higher eucaryotes involves multiple copies of a highly conserved 17-base-pair metal-regulatory element (MRE). We have assayed by transien89261750 Multiple hepatocyte-enriched nuclear factors function in the regulation of transthyretin and alpha 1-antitrypsin genes. Costa RH; Grayson DR; Darnell JE Jr Mol Cell Biol 9: 1415-25 (1989) Transthyretin (TTR) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) are expressed at high levels in the liver and also in at least one other cell type. We report here a detailed analysis of the proximal regulato89261769 Characterization and purification of H1TF2, a novel CCAAT-binding protein that interacts with a histone H1 subtype-specific consensus element. Gallinari P; La Bella F; Heintz N Mol Cell Biol 9: 1566-75 (1989) Definition of mechanisms regulating human histone H1 gene transcription during the cell cycle requires the isolation and biochemical characterization of protein factors which interact with specific pr89261784 Cloning of cDNA for the major DNA-binding protein of the erythroid lineage through expression in mammalian cells. Tsai SF; Martin DI; Zon LI; D'Andrea AD; Wong GG; Orkin SH Nature 339: 446-51 (1989) Genes expressed in erythroid cells contain binding sites for a cell- specific factor believed to be an important regulator for this haematopoietic lineage. Using high-level transient expression in mam89262083 Sequence of a cDNA coding for human IRF-1. Maruyama M; Fujita T; Taniguchi T Nucleic Acids Res 17: 3292 (1989) 89263736 Unusual C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II of Crithidia fasciculata. Evers R; Hammer A; Cornelissen AW Nucleic Acids Res 17: 3403-13 (1989) The C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II in higher eukaryotes is present in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei in a strongly modified form. To determine whether this is89263781 The developmental expression pattern of a new murine homeo box gene: Hox-2.5. Bogarad LD; Utset MF; Awgulewitsch A; Miki T; Hart CP; Ruddle FH Dev Biol 133: 537-49 (1989) To examine the possible role of homeo box genes in murine development we have studied the structure and expression pattern of Hox-2.5, a newly isolated homeo box gene that maps to the left end of the 89276704 Archaebacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerases testify to the evolution of the eukaryotic nuclear genome. Puhler G; Leffers H; Gropp F; Palm P; Klenk HP; Lottspeich F; Garrett RA; Zillig W Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 4569-73 (1989) Genes for DNA-dependent RNA polymerase components B, A, and C from the archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and for components B", B', A, and C from the archaebacterium Halobacterium halobium wer89282812 Mix.1, a homeobox mRNA inducible by mesoderm inducers, is expressed mostly in the presumptive endodermal cells of Xenopus embryos. Rosa FM Cell 57: 965-74 (1989) In frogs, mesoderm presumably derives from presumptive ectoderm by induction under the control of diffusible substances produced by the endoderm. To analyze the early phase of mesoderm induction, I ha89288302 ZFX has a gene structure similar to ZFY, the putative human sex determinant, and escapes X inactivation. Schneider-Gadicke A; Beer-Romero P; Brown LG; Nussbaum R; Page DC Cell 57: 1247-58 (1989) The ZFX gene on the human X chromosome is structurally similar to the ZFY gene, which may constitute the sex-determining signal on the human Y chromosome. ZFY and ZFX diverged from a common ancestral 89288325 Binding of the Citrobacter freundii AmpR regulator to a single DNA site provides both autoregulation and activation of the inducible ampC beta- lactamase gene. Lindquist S; Lindberg F; Normark S J Bacteriol 171: 3746-53 (1989) Citrobacter freundii encodes an inducible chromosomal beta-lactamase. Induction requires the product of the ampR gene, which is transcribed in the opposite orientation from the ampC beta-lactamase gen89291719 Segregation of relaxed replicated dimers when DNA ligase and DNA polymerase I are limited during oriC-specific DNA replication. Munson BR; Maier PG; Greene RS J Bacteriol 171: 3803-9 (1989) An in vitro Escherichia coli oriC-specific DNA replication system was used to investigate the DNA replication pathways of oriC plasmids. When this system was perturbed by the DNA ligase inhibitor nico89291727 Identification and sequence analysis of the Bacillus subtilis W23 xylR gene and xyl operator. Kreuzer P; Gartner D; Allmansberger R; Hillen W J Bacteriol 171: 3840-5 (1989) The xyl operator of Bacillus subtilis W23 was identified by deletion analysis of the xyl regulatory region as a 25-base-pair (bp) sequence located 10 bp downstream from the xyl promoter. The outer 10 89291732 DNA sequence, organization and regulation of the qa gene cluster of Neurospora crassa. Geever RF; Huiet L; Baum JA; Tyler BM; Patel VB; Rutledge BJ; Case ME; Giles NH J Mol Biol 207: 15-34 (1989) In Neurospora, five structural and two regulatory genes mediate the initial events in quinate/shikimate metabolism as a carbon source. These genes are clustered in an 18 x 10(3) base-pair region as a 89293848 Cloning of murine alpha and beta retinoic acid receptors and a novel receptor gamma predominantly expressed in skin. Zelent A; Krust A; Petkovich M; Kastner P; Chambon P Nature 339: 714-7 (1989) In addition to having profound effects on embryonic pattern formation, retinoic acid (RA) has striking effects on differentiation and maintenance of epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro Skin is a maj89295563 A two-component regulatory system (phoP phoQ) controls Salmonella typhimurium virulence. Miller SI; Kukral AM; Mekalanos JJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 5054-8 (1989) We have determined that Salmonella typhimurium strains with mutations in the positive regulatory locus phoP are markedly attenuated in virulence for BALB/c mice. The DNA sequence for the phoP locus in89296942 Nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 31: a cervical neoplasia-associated virus. Goldsborough MD; DiSilvestre D; Temple GF; Lorincz AT Virology 171: 306-11 (1989) The nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus (HPV) 31 DNA (7912 bp) was determined and used to deduce the genomic organization of this cervical cancer-associated virus. Based on comparisons of the 89299478 Conservation of the paired domain in metazoans and its structure in three isolated human genes. Burri M; Tromvoukis Y; Bopp D; Frigerio G; Noll M EMBO J 8: 1183-90 (1989) Sequences homologous to the paired domain of Drosophila melanogaster have been conserved in species as distantly related as nematodes, sea urchins, or man. In particular, paired domains of three human89305521 A gene with homology to the myc similarity region of MyoD1 is expressed during myogenesis and is sufficient to activate the muscle differentiation program [published erratum appears in Genes Dev 1990 Edmondson DG; Olson EN Genes Dev 3: 628-40 (1989) MyoD1 is a nuclear phosphoprotein that is expressed in skeletal muscle in vivo and in certain muscle cell lines in vitro; it has been shown to convert fibroblasts to myoblasts through a mechanism requ89306601 Complementary homeo protein gradients in developing limb buds. Oliver G; Sidell N; Fiske W; Heinzmann C; Mohandas T; Sparkes RS; De Robertis EM Genes Dev 3: 641-50 (1989) A new human homeo box-containing gene designated Hox-5.2 was cloned and mapped to human chromosome 2. This homeo box is related in sequence to Abdominal-B, a Drosophila homeotic gene that specifies id89306602 Co-localization of elements required for phorbol ester stimulation and glucocorticoid repression of proliferin gene expression. Mordacq JC; Linzer DI Genes Dev 3: 760-9 (1989) Proliferin (PLF) gene expression provides a model of growth-related transcriptional activation in mouse cells. Transcription from a cloned PLF promoter is inducible by phorbol esters, and this inducti89306613 The chicken homeo box genes CHox1 and CHox3: cloning, sequencing and expression during embryogenesis. Rangini Z; Frumkin A; Shani G; Guttmann M; Eyal-Giladi H; Gruenbaum Y; Fainsod A Gene 76: 61-74 (1989) Several Drosophila genes involved in the control of segmentation and segment identity share a 183-bp conserved sequence termed homeo box. Homeo box sequences have been detected and cloned from the gen89306660 The Azorhizobium caulinodans nitrogen-fixation regulatory gene, nifA, is controlled by the cellular nitrogen and oxygen status. Ratet P; Pawlowski K; Schell J; de Bruijn FJ Mol Microbiol 3: 825-38 (1989) The nucleotide sequence of the Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 nifA locus was determined and the deduced NifA amino acid sequence compared with that of NifA from other nitrogen-fixing species. Highly 89313312 Remarkable intron and exon sequence conservation in human and mouse homeobox Hox 1.3 genes. Tournier-Lasserve E; Odenwald WF; Garbern J; Trojanowski J; Lazzarini RA Mol Cell Biol 9: 2273-8 (1989) A high degree of conservation exists between the Hox 1.3 homeobox genes of mice and humans. The two genes occupy the same relative positions in their respective Hox 1 gene clusters, they show extensiv89313782 Organization and nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the large subunits A, B and C of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Puhler G; Lottspeich F; Zillig W Nucleic Acids Res 17: 4517-34 (1989) The genes for the three large subunits A, B and C, of the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the archaebacterium Sulfolobus acidocaldarius DSM 639, were identified and characterized. The three genes foll89315197 The nucleotide sequence of Escherichia coli genes for L-fucose dissimilation. Lu Z; Lin EC Nucleic Acids Res 17: 4883-4 (1989) 89315234 Nucleotide sequence for the htpR gene from Citrobacter freundii. Garvin LD; Hardies SC Nucleic Acids Res 17: 4889 (1989) 89315239 A third human retinoic acid receptor, hRAR-gamma. Krust A; Kastner P; Petkovich M; Zelent A; Chambon P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 5310-4 (1989) Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are retinoic acid (RA)-inducible enhancer factors belonging to the superfamily of steroid/thyroid nuclear receptors. We have previously characterized two human RAR (hRAR89315787 The structure and function of the homeodomain. Scott MP; Tamkun JW; Hartzell GW 3d Biochim Biophys Acta 989: 25-48 (1989) 89323170 lyl-1, a novel gene altered by chromosomal translocation in T cell leukemia, codes for a protein with a helix-loop-helix DNA binding motif. Mellentin JD; Smith SD; Cleary ML Cell 58: 77-83 (1989) We have characterized a transcription unit at chromosome band 19p13 that lies at the site of a chromosomal translocation breakpoint in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The lyl-1 gene is structural89324062 A chicken homeo box gene with developmentally regulated expression. Fainsod A; Greunbaum Y FEBS Lett 250: 381-5 (1989) Several homeo box sequences were isolated from a chicken (Gallus domesticus) genomic library. One phage, lambda GG7, was chosen for further study and the single homeo box sequence it contains was char89325602 Genetic regulation of the tricarboxylate transport operon (tctI) of Salmonella typhimurium. Widenhorn KA; Somers JM; Kay WW J Bacteriol 171: 4436-41 (1989) Tricarboxylates are transported into Salmonella typhimurium by a binding protein-dependent transport system known as TctI. Genetically, it comprises three structural genes, tctCBA, as well as a fourth89327162 Structure and function of the nun gene and the immunity region of the lambdoid phage HK022. Oberto J; Weisberg RA; Gottesman ME J Mol Biol 207: 675-93 (1989) The immunity region of the lambdoid phage, HK022, has been sequenced. The HK022 repressor gene, its cognate operators and promoters, and several early phage genes can be discerned. The overall design 89342456 Purification and characterization of an erythroid cell-specific factor that binds the murine alpha- and beta-globin genes. Barnhart KM; Kim CG; Sheffery M Mol Cell Biol 9: 2606-14 (1989) An erythroid cell-specific nuclear factor that binds tightly to a sequence motif (5'-GATAAGGA-3') shared by many erythroid cell-specific promoters was purified to homogeneity by DNA sequence affinity 89343978 Two purified factors bind to the same sequence in the enhancer of mouse MHC class I genes: one of them is a positive regulator induced upon differentiation of teratocarcinoma cells. Israel A; Yano O; Logeat F; Kieran M; Kourilsky P Nucleic Acids Res 17: 5245-57 (1989) The MHC class I murine and beta-2-microglobulin genes are silent in embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells but are induced upon differentiation of these cells. We have previously shown that enhancer-like sequ89345084 Nucleotide sequence of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae positive regulatory mutant gene MAL2-8cp. Kopetzki E; Zellner E; Schumacher G; Zimmerman FK Nucleic Acids Res 17: 5390 (1989) 89345105 Identification of the operator of the lux regulon from the Vibrio fischeri strain ATCC7744. Devine JH; Shadel GS; Baldwin TO Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 5688-92 (1989) Escherichia coli that carry a recombinant plasmid bearing the Vibrio fischeri lux regulon express luminescence that mimics the luminescence of V. fischeri. The lux regulon consists of two divergently 89345532 Evolutionary conserved modules associated with zinc fingers in Xenopus laevis. Knochel W; Poting A; Koster M; el Baradi T; Nietfeld W; Bouwmeester T; Pieler T Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 6097-100 (1989) Many DNA-binding proteins that are involved in the differential regulation of gene expression are composed of multiple discrete modules. Association of the homeobox-encoded helix-turn-helix DNA- bindi89345612 The phototrophic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas capsulata sp108 encodes an indigenous class A beta-lactamase. Campbell JI; Scahill S; Gibson T; Ambler RP Biochem J 260: 803-12 (1989) The nucleotide sequence of a 2.37 kb DNA fragment derived from cloning a total DNA digest of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata sp108 was determined. The DNA codes for a beta-lactamase, a protein showing sequ89350885 Two gene members of the murine HOX-5 complex show regional and cell- type specific expression in developing limbs and gonads. Dolle P; Duboule D EMBO J 8: 1507-15 (1989) This study reports the expression domains of two murine HOX gene members of the HOX-5 complex (Hox-5.2, Hox-5.3). These two genes have very similar homeodomain sequences, as well as temporal and spati89356622 Comparison of the gap segmentation gene hunchback between Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila virilis reveals novel modes of evolutionary change. Treier M; Pfeifle C; Tautz D EMBO J 8: 1517-25 (1989) We have cloned and sequenced a large portion of the hunchback (hb) locus from Drosophila virilis. Comparison with the Drosophila melanogaster hb sequence shows multiple strong homologies in the upstre89356623 Isolation and regional localization of the murine homeobox-containing gene Hox-3.3 to mouse chromosome region 15E. Schughart K; Pravtcheva D; Newman MS; Hunihan LW; Jiang ZL; Ruddle FH Genomics 5: 76-83 (1989) A murine homeobox-containing cDNA clone has been isolated from an adult spinal cord library. Using in situ hybridization and somatic cell genetics techniques, the newly isolated homeobox gene has been89357988 The predicted protein product of a pathogenicity locus from Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola is homologous to a highly conserved domain of several procaryotic regulatory proteins. Grimm C; Panopoulos NJ J Bacteriol 171: 5031-8 (1989) A ca. 20-kilobase (kb) region (hrp) that controls the interaction of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola with its host (pathogenicity) and nonhost plants (hypersensitive reaction) was previously clo89359144 Regulation of glutamine synthetase II activity in Rhizobium meliloti 104A14. Shatters RG; Somerville JE; Kahn ML J Bacteriol 171: 5087-94 (1989) Most rhizobia contain two glutamine synthetase (GS) enzymes: GSI, encoded by glnA, and GSII, encoded by glnII. We have found that WSU414, a Rhizobium meliloti 104A14 glutamine auxotroph derived from a89359151 The glass gene encodes a zinc-finger protein required by Drosophila photoreceptor cells. Moses K; Ellis MC; Rubin GM Nature 340: 531-6 (1989) Null mutations of glass specifically remove photoreceptor cells, leaving other cell types intact. We have isolated the glass gene and have shown that its transcript encodes a putative protein of 604 a89365138 Cis- and trans-acting elements involved in the regulation of the erythroid promoter of the human porphobilinogen deaminase gene. Mignotte V; Eleouet JF; Raich N; Romeo PH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 6548-52 (1989) Two cis-acting sequences, recognized by two erythroid-specific trans- acting factors, are involved in the regulation of the erythroid promoter of the human gene coding for porphobilinogen deaminase (P89367286 Sequences required for expression of Bordetella pertussis virulence factors share homology with prokaryotic signal transduction proteins. Arico B; Miller JF; Roy C; Stibitz S; Monack D; Falkow S; Gross R; Rappuoli R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 6671-5 (1989) The bvg locus of Bordetella pertussis is required for coordinate regulation of several factors associated with virulence. The control system is modulated by various environmental signals, including lo89367311 MyoD is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein requiring a region of myc homology to bind to the muscle creatine kinase enhancer. Lassar AB; Buskin JN; Lockshon D; Davis RL; Apone S; Hauschka SD; Weintraub H Cell 58: 823-31 (1989) MyoD is a skeletal muscle-specific protein that is able to induce myogenesis in a wide variety of cell types. In this report, we show that MyoD is a DNA binding protein capable of specific interaction89376533 Expression of engrailed proteins in arthropods, annelids, and chordates. Patel NH; Martin-Blanco E; Coleman KG; Poole SJ; Ellis MC; Kornberg TB; Goodman CS Cell 58: 955-68 (1989) engrailed is a homeobox gene that has an important role in Drosophila segmentation. Genes homologous to engrailed have been identified in several other organisms. Here we describe a monoclonal antibod89376545 The human genome contains hundreds of genes coding for finger proteins of the Kruppel type. Bellefroid EJ; Lecocq PJ; Benhida A; Poncelet DA; Belayew A; Martial JA DNA 8: 377-87 (1989) Our aim was to identify new human proteins with potential DNA binding activity, related to the Kruppel protein which regulates Drosophila segmentation. We screened a human placenta cDNA library and a 89377476 Differential expression of human HOX-2 genes along the anterior- posterior axis in embryonic central nervous system. Giampaolo A; Acampora D; Zappavigna V; Pannese M; D'Esposito M; Care A; Faiella A; Stornaiuolo A; Russo G; Simeone A; et al Differentiation 40: 191-7 (1989) We have investigated the structure of the human HOX-2 locus, which encompasses a 90-kb region on chromosome 17q21. Five new human HOX-2 homeoboxes, termed HOX-2.5, 2.4, 2.6, 2.7 and 2.8, have been ide89378558 Binding of nuclear factor EF-C to a functional domain of the hepatitis B virus enhancer region. Ostapchuk P; Scheirle G; Hearing P Mol Cell Biol 9: 2787-97 (1989) Nuclear factor EF-C is present in extracts prepared from human HepG2 liver cells and from other, nonliver cell lines and binds to the hepatitis B virus and polyomavirus transcriptional enhancer region89384536 RNA polymerase II subunit RPB4 is essential for high- and low- temperature yeast cell growth. Woychik NA; Young RA Mol Cell Biol 9: 2854-9 (1989) RPB4 encodes the fourth-largest RNA polymerase II subunit in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The RPB4 gene was cloned and sequenced, and its identity was confirmed by amino acid sequence analysis of tryptic89384543 Negative transcriptional regulatory element that functions in embryonal carcinoma cells. Ariizumi K; Takahashi H; Nakamura M; Ariga H Mol Cell Biol 9: 4032-7 (1989) We have cloned the polyomavirus mutant fPyF9, which persists in an episomal state in F9 embryonal carcinoma cells (K. Ariizumi and H. Ariga, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:3920-3927, 1986). fPyF9 carries three co89384633 Caenorhabditis elegans has scores of homoeobox-containing genes. Burglin TR; Finney M; Coulson A; Ruvkun G Nature 341: 239-43 (1989) Homoeobox-containing genes control cell identities in particular spatial domains, cell lineages, or cell types during the development of Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans, and they probably contro89384901 Lc, a member of the maize R gene family responsible for tissue-specific anthocyanin production, encodes a protein similar to transcriptional activators and contains the myc-homology region. Ludwig SR; Habera LF; Dellaporta SL; Wessler SR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 7092-6 (1989) Previous studies have suggested that the R locus of maize is responsible for determining the temporal and spatial pattern of anthocyanin pigmentation in the plant. In this report we demonstrate that t89386686 The developmental fate of S. coelicolor hyphae depends upon a gene product homologous with the motility sigma factor of B. subtilis. Chater KF; Bruton CJ; Plaskitt KA; Buttner MJ; Mendez C; Helmann JD Cell 59: 133-43 (1989) In the mycelial prokaryote S. coelicolor, whiG is a gene dispensable for growth but needed for the earliest stages of spore formation in aerial hyphae. Nucleotide sequencing indicates that whiG encode90003223 Leucine zipper structure of the protein CRE-BP1 binding to the cyclic AMP response element in brain. Maekawa T; Sakura H; Kanei-Ishii C; Sudo T; Yoshimura T; Fujisawa J; Yoshida M; Ishii S EMBO J 8: 2023-8 (1989) By screening a lambda gt11 library with the multimerized sequence of the cAMP response element (CRE), we isolated human clones encoding the CRE binding protein, CRE-BP1, from a human brain cDNA librar90005408 vav, a novel human oncogene derived from a locus ubiquitously expressed in hematopoietic cells. Katzav S; Martin-Zanca D; Barbacid M EMBO J 8: 2283-90 (1989) A novel human oncogene, designated vav, was generated by a genetic rearrangement during gene transfer assays. The vav oncogene directs the synthesis of a 3.0 kb mRNA from which we isolated a 2.8 kb-lo90005432 The Escherichia coli regulatory protein OxyR discriminates between methylated and unmethylated states of the phage Mu mom promoter. Bolker M; Kahmann R EMBO J 8: 2403-10 (1989) Expression of the phage Mu mom gene is transcriptionally regulated by DNA methylation. Three GATC sites upstream of the mom promoter have to be methylated by the Escherichia coli deoxyadenosine methyl90005448 Embryonic expression pattern of a family of Drosophila proteins that interact with a central nervous system regulatory element. Bray SJ; Burke B; Brown NH; Hirsh J Genes Dev 3: 1130-45 (1989) The protein Elf-1 interacts with a cis-acting element that is required specifically for the neuronal expression of the Drosophila dopa decarboxylase gene Ddc. Using protein purified from Drosophila em90006735 Identification and characterization of HAP4: a third component of the CCAAT-bound HAP2/HAP3 heteromer. Forsburg SL; Guarente L Genes Dev 3: 1166-78 (1989) The CYC1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is positively regulated by the HAP2 and HAP3 proteins, which form a heteromeric complex that binds to a CCAAT box in the upstream activation site, UAS2, and w90006738 Isolation, chromosomal localization, and nucleotide sequence of the human HOX 1.4 homeobox. Ferguson-Smith AC; Fienberg A; Ruddle FH Genomics 5: 250-8 (1989) We have isolated a 14-kb DNA sequence containing a single homeobox from a low-stringency screen of a human genomic phage library by using heterologous homeobox sequences as probes. Chromosomal mapping90007544 Conservation between coding and regulatory elements of Rhizobium meliloti and Rhizobium leguminosarum dct genes. Jiang J; Gu BH; Albright LM; Nixon BT J Bacteriol 171: 5244-53 (1989) Complementation of Rhizobium leguminosarum dct mutants with a cosmid bank yielded Rhizobium meliloti homologs of the dctA, dctB, and dctD genes. The genes dctB and dctD are thought to form a two-compo90008755 Pyrimidine regulation of tandem promoters for carAB in Salmonella typhimurium. Lu CD; Kilstrup M; Neuhard J; Abdelal A J Bacteriol 171: 5436-42 (1989) The carAB operon of Salmonella typhimurium encodes the two subunits of the enzyme carbamoylphosphate synthetase. Transcription of the operon is initiated at tandem promoters that are subject to contro90008778 5' flanking DNA sequences direct cell-specific expression of rat tyrosine hydroxylase. Cambi F; Fung B; Chikaraishi D J Neurochem 53: 1656-9 (1989) Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is selectively expressed in catecholaminergic neurons and in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Constructs in which 5' flanking sequences of the rat TH gene directed ex90011069 A comparison of the genome organization of capripoxvirus with that of the orthopoxviruses. Gershon PD; Ansell DM; Black DN J Virol 63: 4703-8 (1989) Comprehensive comparisons of genome organizations for poxviruses of different genera have not previously been reported. Here we have made such a comparison by cross-hybridizing genome fragments from c90012320 The nifA gene product from Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii lacks the N-terminal domain found in other NifA proteins. Iismaa SE; Watson JM Mol Microbiol 3: 943-55 (1989) The nifA gene has been identified between the fixX and nifB genes in the clover microsymbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii (R.I. bv. trifolii) strain ANU843. Expression of the nifA gene is 90014169 Structure and associated DNA-helicase activity of a general transcription initiation factor that binds to RNA polymerase II. Sopta M; Burton ZF; Greenblatt J Nature 341: 410-4 (1989) RAP30/74 is a heteromeric general transcription initiation factor which binds to RNA polymerase II. Here we report that preparations of RAP30/74 contain an ATP-dependent DNA helicase whose probable fu90015139 Characterization of a homologue of bithorax-complex genes in the leech Hirudo medicinalis. Wysocka-Diller JW; Aisemberg GO; Baumgarten M; Levine M; Macagno ER Nature 341: 760-3 (1989) We report the isolation and characterization of the Hirudo medicinalis homoeobox gene Lox2. Sequence analysis shows that it contains a region that has homology to Drosophila and vertebrate homoeodomai90015224 Nucleotide sequence of the maize R-S gene. Perrot GH; Cone KC Nucleic Acids Res 17: 8003 (1989) 90016898 Nucleotide sequence of E1 region of canine adenovirus type 2. Shibata R; Shinagawa M; Iida Y; Tsukiyama T Virology 172: 460-7 (1989) The nucleotide sequence of the leftmost EcoRI-C fragment (0 to 11.3%) of canine adenovirus type 2 (CAd2) which could transform rodent cells morphologically but required additional sequences from 10 to90021176 Molecular characterization of the Trypanosoma brucei RNA polymerase I and III largest subunit genes. Smith JL; Levin JR; Agabian N J Biol Chem 264: 18091-9 (1989) We have sequenced a 7.1-kilobase fragment of the Trypanosoma brucei RNA polymerase (pol) I largest subunit gene. The 6.9-kilobase transcript from this gene is of roughly equal abundance in bloodstream90036885 Second-order repeats in Xenopus laevis finger proteins. Nietfeld W; el-Baradi T; Mentzel H; Pieler T; Koster M; Poting A; Knochel W J Mol Biol 208: 639-59 (1989) The primary structure of 342 finger repeats encoded in 42 different cDNA clones isolated from Xenopus laevis oocyte and gastrula cDNA libraries has been determined. Comparative sequence analysis of th90040698 Sequence of a cDNA coding for human IRF-2. Itoh S; Harada H; Fujita T; Mimura T; Taniguchi T Nucleic Acids Res 17: 8372 (1989) 90045964 Drosophila NK-homeobox genes. Kim Y; Nirenberg M Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 7716-20 (1989) Four Drosophila melanogaster homeobox genes were found by screening a genomic DNA library with oligodeoxynucleotides that correspond to a conserved amino acid sequence that is part of the putative of 90046666 H-2RIIBP, a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that binds to both the regulatory element of major histocompatibility class I genes and the estrogen response element. Hamada K; Gleason SL; Levi BZ; Hirschfeld S; Appella E; Ozato K Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 8289-93 (1989) Transcription of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes is regulated by the conserved MHC class I regulatory element (CRE). The CRE has two factor-binding sites, region I and region II, 90046782 Lineage-restricted expression of homeobox-containing genes in human hematopoietic cell lines. Shen WF; Largman C; Lowney P; Corral JC; Detmer K; Hauser CA; Simonitch TA; Hack FM; Lawrence HJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 8536-40 (1989) We investigated the role of homeobox-containing genes in human hematopoiesis because homeobox genes (i) control cell fate in the Drosophila embryo, (ii) are expressed in specific patterns in human emb90046832 DNA binding site of the growth factor-inducible protein Zif268. Christy B; Nathans D Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 8737-41 (1989) Zif268, a zinc finger protein whose mRNA is rapidly activated in cells exposed to growth factors or other signaling agents, is thought to play a role in regulating the genetic program induced by extra90046868 Scissors-grip model for DNA recognition by a family of leucine zipper proteins. Vinson CR; Sigler PB; McKnight SL Science 246: 911-6 (1989) C/EBP is a sequence-specific DNA binding protein that regulates gene expression in certain mammalian cells. The region of the C/EBP polypeptide required for specific recognition of DNA is related in a90049224 BAS1 has a Myb motif and activates HIS4 transcription only in combination with BAS2. Tice-Baldwin K; Fink GR; Arndt KT Science 246: 931-5 (1989) The BAS1 and BAS2 proteins are both required for activation of GCN4- independent (basal) HIS4 transcription in yeast. BAS1 has an NH2- terminal region similar to those of the myb proto-oncogene family90049230 The O2 gene which regulates zein deposition in maize endosperm encodes a protein with structural homologies to transcriptional activators. Hartings H; Maddaloni M; Lazzaroni N; Di Fonzo N; Motto M; Salamini F; Thompson R EMBO J 8: 2795-801 (1989) The structure of the zein regulatory gene Opaque 2 of Zea mays has been determined by sequence analysis of genomic and cDNA clones. The size of O2 mRNA is 1751 bp [poly(A) tail not included] containin90059860 Three hormone receptor-like Drosophila genes encode an identical DNA- binding finger. Rothe M; Nauber U; Jackle H EMBO J 8: 3087-94 (1989) The putative finger domain of knirps (kni), a member of the gap class of segmentation genes, was used to isolate two sequence-related genes of Drosophila melanogaster under reduced stringency hybridiz90059895 MyoD expression in the forming somites is an early response to mesoderm induction in Xenopus embryos. Hopwood ND; Pluck A; Gurdon JB EMBO J 8: 3409-17 (1989) We describe the cloning, cDNA sequence and embryonic expression of a Xenopus homologue of MyoD, a mouse gene encoding a DNA-binding protein that can activate muscle gene expression in cultured cells. 90059936 Differential expression of myogenic determination genes in muscle cells: possible autoactivation by the Myf gene products [published erratum appears in EMBO J 1989 Dec;8(13):4358] Braun T; Bober E; Buschhausen-Denker G; Kohtz S; Grzeschik KH; Arnold HH; Kotz S EMBO J 8: 3617-25 (1989) The development of muscle cells involves the action of myogenic determination factors. In this report, we show that human skeletal muscle tissue contains, besides the previously described Myf-5, two a90059960 A family of octamer-specific proteins present during mouse embryogenesis: evidence for germline-specific expression of an Oct factor. Scholer HR; Hatzopoulos AK; Balling R; Suzuki N; Gruss P EMBO J 8: 2543-50 (1989) We have analysed various adult organs and different developmental stages of mouse embryos for the presence of octamer-binding proteins. A variety of new octamer-binding proteins were identified in add90060013 The chymotrypsin enhancer core. Specific factor binding and biological activity. Meister A; Weinrich SL; Nelson C; Rutter WJ J Biol Chem 264: 20744-51 (1989) A 20-base pair (bp) conserved sequence present in the 5'-flanking regions of genes highly expressed in the exocrine pancreas forms part of the enhancers of the rat amylase 2A, chymotrypsin B, and elas90062221 Expression of REX-1, a gene containing zinc finger motifs, is rapidly reduced by retinoic acid in F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Hosler BA; LaRosa GJ; Grippo JF; Gudas LJ Mol Cell Biol 9: 5623-9 (1989) In the presence of retinoic acid (RA), cultured F9 murine teratocarcinoma stem cells differentiate into nontumorigenic cells resembling the extraembryonic endoderm of the early mouse embryo. By differ90066515 Structure and functional expression of a cloned Xenopus thyroid hormone receptor. Brooks AR; Sweeney G; Old RW Nucleic Acids Res 17: 9395-405 (1989) A clone corresponding to a thyroid hormone receptor was isolated from a Xenopus laevis cDNA library prepared from folliculated oocytes. The cDNA encodes a protein of 418 amino acid residues with a dom90067936 Similarity between the transcriptional silencer binding proteins ABF1 and RAP1. Diffley JF; Stillman B Science 246: 1034-8 (1989) The yeast ARS binding factor 1 (ABF1)--where ARS is an autonomously replicating sequence--and repressor/activator protein 1 (RAP1) have been implicated in DNA replication, transcriptional activation, 90069559 The putative testis-determining factor and related genes are expressed as discrete-sized transcripts in adult gonadal and somatic tissues. Lau YF; Chan KM Am J Hum Genet 45: 942-52 (1989) The zinc-finger-Y (ZFY) gene is a candidate for the testis-determining- factor gene (TDF) on the human Y chromosome and is postulated to initiate testis differentiation during embryogenesis. However, 90072075 A Xenopus mRNA related to Drosophila twist is expressed in response to induction in the mesoderm and the neural crest. Hopwood ND; Pluck A; Gurdon JB Cell 59: 893-903 (1989) We have cloned a Xenopus cDNA related to the twist gene, which is required for mesodermal differentiation in Drosophila. Northern blots of dissected embryos and in situ hybridization show that the cor90075233 DNA replication origin and transcriptional enhancer in c-myc gene share the c-myc protein binding sequences. Ariga H; Imamura Y; Iguchi-Ariga SM EMBO J 8: 4273-9 (1989) We have previously reported that c-myc protein, or protein(s) complexed with c-myc protein, binds to the region upstream of the first exon of the c-myc gene and that this region contains an origin of 90076150 Effect of human T-cell leukemia virus type I tax protein on activation of the human vimentin gene. Lilienbaum A; Duc Dodon M; Alexandre C; Gazzolo L; Paulin D J Virol 64: 256-63 (1990) We report that the expression of the vimentin gene, a cytoskeletal growth-regulated gene, is activated in trans by the Tax (p40x) transactivator protein encoded by the human T-cell leukemia virus type90080129 Putative transcription activator with alternative isoforms encoded by human ZFX gene. Schneider-Gadicke A; Beer-Romero P; Brown LG; Mardon G; Luoh SW; Page DC Nature 342: 708-11 (1989) The ZFY gene in the sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome encodes a protein with 13 zinc fingers, and may determine whether an embryo develops as a male or female. ZFX, a related gene on th90081847 The putative oncogene Spi-1: murine chromosomal localization and transcriptional activation in murine acute erythroleukemias [published erratum appears in Oncogene 1990 Jun;5(6):941] Moreau-Gachelin F; Ray D; Mattei MG; Tambourin P; Tavitian A Oncogene 4: 1449-56 (1989) We have shown previously that spleen focus forming virus integration near the Spi-1 putative oncogene is observed in 95% of erythroid Friend tumors (Moreau-Gachelin et al., 1988). Here we describe how90082416 Mouse genes coding for Passananti C; Felsani A; Caruso M; Amati P Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 9417-21 (1989) By using the zinc-finger region of human cHF.10 cDNA as a probe at low- stringency hybridization conditions, several individual phages from a mouse skeletal muscle cDNA library have been isolated. The90083278 Cyclosporin A specifically inhibits function of nuclear proteins involved in T cell activation. Emmel EA; Verweij CL; Durand DB; Higgins KM; Lacy E; Crabtree GR Science 246: 1617-20 (1989) One action of cyclosporin A thought to be central to many of its immunosuppressive effects is its ability to inhibit the early events of T lymphocyte activation such as lymphokine gene transcription i90084523 Isolation of potential vertebrate limb-identity genes. Tabin CJ Development 105: 813-20 (1989) Forelimbs and hindlimbs of tetrapods have different morphological patterns. One plausible explanation for the difference is that the cells that give rise to the limbs differentially express genes whic90091821 Evidence for multiple OmpR-binding sites in the upstream activation sequence of the ompC promoter in Escherichia coli: a single OmpR- binding site is capable of activating the promoter. Maeda S; Mizuno T J Bacteriol 172: 501-3 (1990) We present experimental evidence for the existence of multiple activator-binding sites in the upstream sequence of the ompC promoter, the expression of which is activated by the positive regulator Omp90094266 Multiple components are required for sequence recognition of the AP1 site in the gibbon ape leukemia virus enhancer. Quinn JP; Farina AR; Gardner K; Krutzsch H; Levens D Mol Cell Biol 9: 4713-21 (1989) At least two subunits contributed to the formation in vitro of a specific complex binding to the AP1 consensus sequence (TGAGTCA) in the gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) enhancer in MLA144 cells. This90097883 The rat albumin promoter is composed of six distinct positive elements within 130 nucleotides. Herbomel P; Rollier A; Tronche F; Ott MO; Yaniv M; Weiss MC Mol Cell Biol 9: 4750-8 (1989) No fewer than six different positive regulatory elements concentrated within 130 base pairs constitute the rat albumin promoter, which drives highly tissue specific transcription in rat hepatoma cells90097888 A new myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor that recognizes a conserved element associated with multiple muscle-specific genes. Gossett LA; Kelvin DJ; Sternberg EA; Olson EN Mol Cell Biol 9: 5022-33 (1989) Exposure of skeletal myoblasts to growth factor-deficient medium results in transcriptional activation of muscle-specific genes, including the muscle creatine kinase gene (mck). Tissue specificity, de90097919 Nuclear factor EF-1A binds to the adenovirus E1A core enhancer element and to other transcriptional control regions. Bruder JT; Hearing P Mol Cell Biol 9: 5143-53 (1989) We have identified a cellular enhancer-binding protein, present in nuclear extracts prepared from human and rodent cells, that binds to the adenovirus E1A enhancer element I sequence. The factor has b90097931 Binding sites of HeLa cell nuclear proteins on the upstream region of adenovirus type 5 E1A gene. Yoshida K; Narita M; Fujinaga K Nucleic Acids Res 17: 10015-34 (1989) Twenty one binding sites of HeLa cell nuclear proteins were identified on the upstream region of adenovirus type 5 E1A gene using DNase I footprint assay. The proximal promoter region contained five b90098767 The human HOX gene family. Acampora D; D'Esposito M; Faiella A; Pannese M; Migliaccio E; Morelli F; Stornaiuolo A; Nigro V; Simeone A; Boncinelli E Nucleic Acids Res 17: 10385-402 (1989) We report the identification of 10 new human homeobox sequences. Altogether, we have isolated and sequenced 30 human homeoboxes clustered in 4 chromosomal regions called HOX loci. HOX1 includes 8 home90098876 Structure, expression and chromosomal localization of Zfp-1, a murine zinc finger protein gene. Chowdhury K; Dietrich S; Balling R; Guenet JL; Gruss P Nucleic Acids Res 17: 10427-38 (1989) Zinc finger proteins (Zfp) are encoded by a large family of genes present in many organisms including yeast and human. Some of them are transcriptional activators and bind specifically to DNA by zinc 90098878 The gene SCL is expressed during early hematopoiesis and encodes a differentiation-related DNA-binding motif. Begley CG; Aplan PD; Denning SM; Haynes BF; Waldmann TA; Kirsch IR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 10128-32 (1989) We have identified the human gene, SCL. We discovered this gene because of its involvement in a chromosomal translocation associated with the occurrence of a stem cell leukemia manifesting myeloid and90099309 Comparison of homeobox-containing genes of the honeybee and Drosophila. Walldorf U; Fleig R; Gehring WJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 86: 9971-5 (1989) We report the isolation of seven homeobox-containing genes from the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Sequence analysis of all homeoboxes and some flanking sequences showed that six of seven genes are more t90099384 Structural and functional organization of a porcine gene coding for nuclear factor I. Meisterernst M; Rogge L; Foeckler R; Karaghiosoff M; Winnacker EL Biochemistry 28: 8191-200 (1989) This paper describes the structure of a 70-kb porcine gene for nuclear factor I, including its promoter region, comprising a total of 11 exons. Different mRNAs that we have isolated as cDNAs from both90105327 Characterization of the sequence-specific interaction of mouse c-myb protein with DNA. Howe KM; Reakes CF; Watson RJ EMBO J 9: 161-9 (1990) We have examined parameters that affect sequence-specific interactions of the mouse c-myb protein with DNA oligomers containing the Myb- binding motif (CA/CGTTPu). Complexes formed between these oligo90107939 A mouse zinc finger gene which is transiently expressed during spermatogenesis. Cunliffe V; Koopman P; McLaren A; Trowsdale J EMBO J 9: 197-205 (1990) Zinc finger proteins are polypeptides with sequence-specific, nucleic acid-binding properties. Substantial evidence has established them as a class of trans-acting molecules with regulatory roles in c90107944 The molecular genetics of the bithorax complex of Drosophila: characterization of the products of the Abdominal-B domain. Celniker SE; Keelan DJ; Lewis EB Genes Dev 3: 1424-36 (1989) In Drosophila the Abdominal-B (Abd-B) domain of the bithorax complex specifies the identities of several posterior abdominal segments, comprises homeo-protein-coding regions and cis-regulatory regions90108690 Molecular cloning of a mineralocorticoid (type I) receptor complementary DNA from rat hippocampus. Patel PD; Sherman TG; Goldman DJ; Watson SJ Mol Endocrinol 3: 1877-85 (1989) Rat brain expresses two types of corticosteroid-binding proteins. The type I receptor binds corticosterone with high affinity and is structurally related to the kidney mineralocorticoid receptor (MR),90114194 A protein target site in an early replicated human DNA sequence: a highly conserved binding motif. Giacca M; Gutierrez MI; Demarchi F; Diviacco S; Biamonti G; Riva S; Falaschi A Biochem Biophys Res Commun 165: 956-65 (1989) We have previously reported that a human nuclear factor, probably corresponding to the USF/MLTF protein [1,2], is able to bind specifically to a DNA sequence present in DNA replicated at the onset of 90121267 The progesterone receptor stimulates cell-free transcription by enhancing the formation of a stable preinitiation complex. Klein-Hitpass L; Tsai SY; Weigel NL; Allan GF; Riley D; Rodriguez R; Schrader WT; Tsai MJ; O'Malley BW Cell 60: 247-57 (1990) Highly purified chicken progesterone receptor (cPR) is shown to stimulate RNA synthesis directly in an in vitro transcription assay. Stimulation of transcription by cPR requires the presence of proges90124634 Expression pattern of homeobox-containing genes during chick embryogenesis. Wedden SE; Pang K; Eichele G Development 105: 639-50 (1989) We have isolated, sequenced and examined the expression pattern of two tandemly arranged homeobox-containing genes from the chicken. The predicted amino acid sequences of the homeodomain and the adjac90126373 Oleosin KD 18 on the surface of oil bodies in maize. Genomic and cDNA sequences and the deduced protein structure. Qu RD; Huang AH J Biol Chem 265: 2238-43 (1990) Oleosins are newly discovered, abundant, and small Mr hydrophobic proteins localized on the surface of oil bodies in diverse seeds. So far, most of the studies have been on the general characteristics90130481 Sequence elements required for activity of a murine major histocompatibility complex class II promoter bind common and cell-type- specific nuclear factors. Dedrick RL; Jones PP Mol Cell Biol 10: 593-604 (1990) We have examined the sequence elements and corresponding DNA-binding factors required for transient expression of the A alpha d promoter fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase report90136573 The GLI gene encodes a nuclear protein which binds specific sequences in the human genome. Kinzler KW; Vogelstein B Mol Cell Biol 10: 634-42 (1990) The GLI gene is amplified in a subset of human tumors and encodes a protein product with five zinc finger DNA-binding motifs. In this study, we show that the GLI gene product has a predominantly nucle90136577 Mouse Zfx protein is similar to Zfy-2: each contains an acidic activating domain and 13 zinc fingers. Mardon G; Luoh SW; Simpson EM; Gill G; Brown LG; Page DC Mol Cell Biol 10: 681-8 (1990) The Zfy gene is located on the Y chromosome of placental mammals and encodes a zinc finger protein which may serve as the primary sex- determining signal. A related gene, Zfx, is similarly conserved o90136582 The major human erythroid DNA-binding protein (GF-1): primary sequence and localization of the gene to the X chromosome. Zon LI; Tsai SF; Burgess S; Matsudaira P; Bruns GA; Orkin SH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 668-72 (1990) Genes expressed in erythroid cells contain binding sites for a cell- specific nuclear factor, GF-1 (NF-E1, Eryf 1), believed to be an important transcriptional regulator. Previously we characterized m90138889 Herculin, a fourth member of the MyoD family of myogenic regulatory genes. Miner JH; Wold B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1089-93 (1990) We have identified and cloned herculin, a fourth mouse muscle regulatory gene. Comparison of its DNA and deduced amino acid sequences with those of the three known myogenic genes (MyoD, myogenin, and 90138943 Isolation and characterization of a zinc finger polypeptide gene at the human chromosome 11 Wilms' tumor locus. Call KM; Glaser T; Ito CY; Buckler AJ; Pelletier J; Haber DA; Rose EA; Kral A; Yeger H; Lewis WH; et al Cell 60: 509-20 (1990) We have isolated a series of genomic and cDNA clones mapping within the boundaries of constitutional and tumor deletions that define the Wilms' tumor locus on human chromosome 11 (band p13). The trans90150277 The tal gene undergoes chromosome translocation in T cell leukemia and potentially encodes a helix-loop-helix protein. Chen Q; Cheng JT; Tasi LH; Schneider N; Buchanan G; Carroll A; Crist W; Ozanne B; Siciliano MJ; Baer R EMBO J 9: 415-24 (1990) We have analyzed t(1;14)(p32;q11) chromosome translocations from two patients with T cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. The chromosome 1 breakpoints of these patients lie within a kilobasepair of each o90151616 Constitutive and IL-6-induced nuclear factors that interact with the human C-reactive protein promoter. Majello B; Arcone R; Toniatti C; Ciliberto G EMBO J 9: 457-65 (1990) Transcription of the human C-reactive protein (CRP) gene is induced by interleukin-6 (IL-6) during acute inflammation. Important information for inducible CRP expression is located within the 90 bases90151621 The zebrafish homeobox gene hox-2.2: transcription unit, potential regulatory regions and in situ localization of transcripts. Njolstad PR; Molven A; Apold J; Fjose A EMBO J 9: 515-24 (1990) The data presented in this report strongly suggest that the genome of the zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, has a homeobox cluster which is equivalent to the murine Hox-2 locus. In support of this conclus90151628 Expression and embryonic function of empty spiracles: a Drosophila homeo box gene with two patterning functions on the anterior-posterior axis of the embryo. Dalton D; Chadwick R; McGinnis W Genes Dev 3: 1940-56 (1989) Using the even-skipped homeo box as a probe to identify diverged homeo box genes in the Drosophila genome, we isolated the empty spiracles (ems) gene. Structural and functional comparisons between ems90152339 The morphogenetic and regulatory functions of the Drosophila Abdominal- B gene are encoded in overlapping RNAs transcribed from separate promoters. Zavortink M; Sakonju S Genes Dev 3: 1969-81 (1989) The Abdominal-B (Abd-B) gene of the Drosophila bithorax complex is a homeotic gene with two subfunctions: the morphogenetic element required for specifying the identity of parasegments (PS) 10-13 and 90152341 Serum stimulation of fibronectin gene expression appears to result from rapid serum-induced binding of nuclear proteins to a cAMP response element [published erratum appears in J Biol Chem 1990 May 15Dean DC; McQuillan JJ; Weintraub S J Biol Chem 265: 3522-7 (1990) Fibronectin (FN) mRNA levels increased when quiescent cells (serum starved) were stimulated to undergo the G0/G1 transition by the addition of 20% given fetal calf serum to the media. The 5'-flanking 90154016 Characterization of multiple mRNAs originating from the chicken progesterone receptor gene. Evidence for a specific transcript encoding form A. Jeltsch JM; Turcotte B; Garnier JM; Lerouge T; Krozowski Z; Gronemeyer H; Chambon P J Biol Chem 265: 3967-74 (1990) The structure of the 42-kilobase (kb) long chicken progesterone receptor (cPR) gene and of all six transcripts that are detectable on Northern blots was determined. The first of 8 exons encodes the N-90154085 Homozygous deletion in Wilms tumours of a zinc-finger gene identified by chromosome jumping. Gessler M; Poustka A; Cavenee W; Neve RL; Orkin SH; Bruns GA Nature 343: 774-8 (1990) Cytogenetic analysis has identified chromosome 11p13 as the smallest overlap region for deletions found in individuals with WAGR syndrome, which includes Wilms tumour (a recessive childhood nephroblas90158822 A DNA-binding protein containing two widely separated zinc finger motifs that recognize the same DNA sequence. Fan CM; Maniatis T Genes Dev 4: 29-42 (1990) We have isolated a full-length cDNA clone encoding a protein (PRDII- BF1) that binds specifically to a positive regulatory domain (PRDII) of the human IFN-beta gene promoter, and to a similar sequence90169514 cDNA isolation, expression analysis, and chromosomal localization of two human zinc finger genes. Lania L; Donti E; Pannuti A; Pascucci A; Pengue G; Feliciello I; La Mantia G; Lanfrancone L; Pelicci PG Genomics 6: 333-40 (1990) On the basis of sequence similarity in the repeated zinc finger domain, we have identified and characterized two human cDNA clones (ZNF7 and ZNF8), both encoding proteins containing potential finger-l90169993 Sequence and transcriptional pattern of the essential Escherichia coli secE-nusG operon. Downing WL; Sullivan SL; Gottesman ME; Dennis PP J Bacteriol 172: 1621-7 (1990) Two genes, secE and nusG, situated between the tufB and ribosomal protein rplKAJL operons in the rif region at 90 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome, have been sequenced and characterized. The sec90170882 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae INO4 gene encodes a small, highly basic protein required for derepression of phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes. Hoshizaki DK; Hill JE; Henry SA J Biol Chem 265: 4736-45 (1990) The INO4 gene product is believed to be a positive regulatory factor in a complex cascade of positive and negative factors that coordinates the synthesis of phospholipids in the yeast Saccharomyces ce90170990 Analysis of cis- and trans-acting elements in the hormone-sensitive human somatotropin gene promoter. Lemaigre FP; Courtois SJ; Durviaux SM; Egan CJ; LaFontaine DA; Rousseau GG J Steroid Biochem 34: 79-83 (1989) The expression of the human growth hormone (hGH) gene is regulated by several transcription factors. Basal level transcription factors include TATA box-binding proteins, Sp1, USF and CTF/NF-1. The hGH90173246 The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding a chicken Deformed family homeobox gene, Chox-Z. Sasaki H; Kuroiwa A Nucleic Acids Res 18: 184 (1990) 90174917 Nucleotide sequence of the sporulation gene spoIIGA from Bacillus subtilis. Masuda ES; Anaguchi H; Sato T; Takeuchi M; Kobayashi Y Nucleic Acids Res 18: 657 (1990) 90174995 Comparison of human ZFY and ZFX transcripts. Palmer MS; Berta P; Sinclair AH; Pym B; Goodfellow PN Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 1681-5 (1990) ZFY is a candidate for the primary sex-determining gene (TDF, testis- determining factor) on the human Y chromosome. We have isolated cDNA clones of ZFY and its homologue on the X chromosome, ZFX. The90175361 Myf-6, a new member of the human gene family of myogenic determination factors: evidence for a gene cluster on chromosome 12. Braun T; Bober E; Winter B; Rosenthal N; Arnold HH EMBO J 9: 821-31 (1990) The Myf-6 gene, a novel member of the human gene family of muscle determination factors has been detected by its highly conserved sequence coding for a putative helix-loop-helix domain. This sequence 90183982 Identification of MRF4: a new member of the muscle regulatory factor gene family. Rhodes SJ; Konieczny SF Genes Dev 3: 2050-61 (1989) We have identified a rat cDNA encoding MRF4, a new member of the muscle regulatory factor gene family that includes MyoD1, myogenin, and Myf-5. MRF4 encodes a predicted 27-kD protein that contains a c90185184 FlbD of Caulobacter crescentus is a homologue of the NtrC (NRI) protein and activates sigma 54-dependent flagellar gene promoters. Ramakrishnan G; Newton A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 2369-73 (1990) The periodic transcription of flagellar genes in the Caulobacter crescentus cell cycle is controlled, in part, by their organization in a regulatory hierarchy. The flbG (hook operon), flaN, and flagel90192809 A T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer within the human T cell receptor delta locus. Redondo JM; Hata S; Brocklehurst C; Krangel MS Science 247: 1225-9 (1990) The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) delta gene is located within the TCR alpha locus. A T cell-specific transcriptional enhancer, distinct from the TCR alpha enhancer, has been identified within the J d90193684 The Drosophila 74EF early puff contains E74, a complex ecdysone- inducible gene that encodes two ets-related proteins. Burtis KC; Thummel CS; Jones CW; Karim FD; Hogness DS Cell 61: 85-99 (1990) We have isolated an ecdysone-inducible gene, E74, from the early puff at position 74EF in the Drosophila polytene chromosomes. We show that E74 consists of three nested transcription units that derive90199900 Regulatory elements of the raffinose operon: nucleotide sequences of operator and repressor genes. Aslanidis C; Schmitt R J Bacteriol 172: 2178-80 (1990) The raffinose (raf) operon is negatively controlled by the specific binding of raf repressor (rafR gene) to raf operator (rafO) DNA. Both rafR and rafO have been sequenced. The 1,011-base-pair rafR ge90202743 Promoter for Sindbis virus RNA-dependent subgenomic RNA transcription. Levis R; Schlesinger S; Huang HV J Virol 64: 1726-33 (1990) Sindbis virus is a positive-strand RNA enveloped virus, a member of the Alphavirus genus of the Togaviridae family. Two species of mRNA are synthesized in cells infected with Sindbis virus; one, the 490204685 A cDNA for a human cyclic AMP response element-binding protein which is distinct from CREB and expressed preferentially in brain. Kara CJ; Liou HC; Ivashkiv LB; Glimcher LH Mol Cell Biol 10: 1347-57 (1990) The cyclic AMP response element (CRE) is found in many cellular genes regulated by cyclic AMP, and similar elements are present in the early genes of adenovirus that are activated by E1A. The transcri90205810 A large protein containing zinc finger domains binds to related sequence elements in the enhancers of the class I major histocompatibility complex and kappa immunoglobulin genes. Baldwin AS Jr; LeClair KP; Singh H; Sharp PA Mol Cell Biol 10: 1406-14 (1990) A cDNA from a B-cell library was previously isolated that encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein with affinities for related sites in a class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and kapp90205817 Two distinct Xenopus genes with homology to MyoD1 are expressed before somite formation in early embryogenesis. Scales JB; Olson EN; Perry M Mol Cell Biol 10: 1516-24 (1990) The myogenic factors MyoD1 and myogenin contain a conserved region with similarity to the myc family of proto-oncogenes. To identify amphibian genes structurally and functionally related to these myog90205830 New type of POU domain in germ line-specific protein Oct-4. Scholer HR; Ruppert S; Suzuki N; Chowdhury K; Gruss P Nature 344: 435-9 (1990) Members of a family of murine octamer-binding proteins interact specifically with the octamer motif, a transcription regulatory element found in the promoter and enhancer regions of many genes. Oct-4 90206045 Functional cooperativity between two TPA responsive elements in undifferentiated F9 embryonic stem cells. Okuda A; Imagawa M; Sakai M; Muramatsu M EMBO J 9: 1131-5 (1990) We have recently identified an enhancer, termed GPEI, in the 5'- flanking region of the rat glutathione transferase P gene, that is composed of two imperfect TPA (phorbol 12-O-tetradecanoate 13-acetat90214622 Organization of human class I homeobox genes. Boncinelli E; Acampora D; Pannese M; D'Esposito M; Somma R; Gaudino G; Stornaiuolo A; Cafiero M; Faiella A; Simeone A Genome 31: 745-56 (1989) We report the genomic organization of 20 human class I homeoboxes and the predicted primary sequence of the encoded homeodomains. These homeoboxes are clustered in four complex HOX loci on chromosomes90215256 Analysis of the upstream elements of the xenobiotic compound-inducible and positionally regulated glutathione S-transferase Ya gene. Paulson KE; Darnell JE Jr; Rushmore T; Pickett CB Mol Cell Biol 10: 1841-52 (1990) In situ hybridization and other data showed that all hepatocytes express glutathione-S-transferase (GST) Ya mRNA but that specifically pericentral cells can be induced 15- to 20-fold with 3- methylcho90220567 Organization and expression of the chicken N-myc gene. Sawai S; Kato K; Wakamatsu Y; Kondoh H Mol Cell Biol 10: 2017-26 (1990) We cloned the chicken N-myc gene and analyzed its structure and expression. We found that it consisted of three exons with coding regions in exons 2 and 3. Comparison to mammalian N-myc genomic sequen90220586 Identification of a novel isoform of the retinoic acid receptor gamma expressed in the mouse embryo. Giguere V; Shago M; Zirngibl R; Tate P; Rossant J; Varmuza S Mol Cell Biol 10: 2335-40 (1990) Retinoic acid is known to have profound effects on developmental processes. It has been implicated as a putative morphogen in the developing chick limb bud and regenerating amphibian limb blastema and90220619 The c-fos cyclic AMP-responsive element conveys constitutive expression to a tissue-specific promoter. Webster KA; Kedes L Mol Cell Biol 10: 2402-6 (1990) The c-fos and cardiac alpha-actin promoters share homologous 5' protein binding elements that are essential for serum-inducible and tissue- specific expression, respectively. Additional elements, auxi90220626 Positive and negative regulatory elements of chicken vitellogenin II gene characterized by in vitro transcription competition assays in a homologous system. Vaccaro M; Pawlak A; Jost JP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 3047-51 (1990) A homologous in vitro transcription system was developed in which the cloned chicken vitellogenin II gene is faithfully transcribed by extracts prepared from chicken liver nuclei. The use of template 90222167 The regulatory gene areA mediating nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans. Mutations affecting specificity of gene activation alter a loop residue of a putative zinc finger. Kudla B; Caddick MX; Langdon T; Martinez-Rossi NM; Bennett CF; Sibley S; Davies RW; Arst HN Jr EMBO J 9: 1355-64 (1990) The regulatory gene areA mediating nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans has been sequenced and its transcript mapped and orientated. A single ORF can encode a protein of 719 amino ac90228331 Contrasting developmental and tissue-specific expression of alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptor genes. Forrest D; Sjoberg M; Vennstrom B EMBO J 9: 1519-28 (1990) Thyroid hormones and their receptors (TRs) have critical functions in development. Here we show that a chicken TR beta cDNA clone encodes a receptor with a novel, short N-terminal domain. In vitro-exp90228351 Two distinct estrogen-regulated promoters generate transcripts encoding the two functionally different human progesterone receptor forms A and B. Kastner P; Krust A; Turcotte B; Stropp U; Tora L; Gronemeyer H; Chambon P EMBO J 9: 1603-14 (1990) The human progesterone receptor (hPR) cDNA, synthesized from T47D breast cancer cells, and the hPR gene 5'-flanking region were cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence90228361 Novel cysteine-rich motif and homeodomain in the product of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell lineage gene lin-11. Freyd G; Kim SK; Horvitz HR Nature 344: 876-9 (1990) The gene lin-11 is required for the asymmetric division of a vulval precursor cell type in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Putative lin-11 complementary DNAs were sequenced and found to encode a 90231440 Insulin gene enhancer binding protein Isl-1 is a member of a novel class of proteins containing both a homeo- and a Cys-His domain. Karlsson O; Thor S; Norberg T; Ohlsson H; Edlund T Nature 344: 879-82 (1990) The activity of the rat insulin I gene enhancer is mainly dependent on two cis-acting protein-binding domains. Here we report the isolation of a complementary DNA encoding a protein, Isl-1, that binds90231441 Transcription and replication silencer element is present within conserved region of human Alu repeats interacting with nuclear protein. Tomilin NV; Iguchi-Ariga SM; Ariga H FEBS Lett 263: 69-72 (1990) Human cells contain a nuclear protein interacting with Alu repeats, and this protein seems to recognize a conserved sequence motif, GGAGGC, present within the RNA polymerase III promoter and within th90235978 Yeast centromere binding protein CBF1, of the helix-loop-helix protein family, is required for chromosome stability and methionine prototrophy. Cai M; Davis RW Cell 61: 437-46 (1990) The centromere and its binding proteins constitute the kinetochore structure of metaphase chromosomes, which is crucial for the high accuracy of the chromosome segregation process. Isolation and analy90242389 Specific DNA binding of the two chicken Deformed family homeodomain proteins, Chox-1.4 and Chox-a. Sasaki H; Yokoyama E; Kuroiwa A Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1739-47 (1990) The cDNA clones encoding two chicken Deformed (Dfd) family homeobox containing genes Chox-1.4 and Chox-a were isolated. Comparison of their amino acid sequences with another chicken Dfd family homeodo90245562 Evidence for a new family of evolutionarily conserved homeobox genes. Wedeen CJ; Kostriken RG; Matsumura I; Weisblat DA Nucleic Acids Res 18: 1908 (1990) 90245602 Cloning and analysis of three new homeobox genes from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Schaller D; Wittmann C; Spicher A; Muller F; Tobler H Nucleic Acids Res 18: 2033-6 (1990) Three homeobox-containing genes from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are described. Two of them (ceh-11 and ceh-12) were isolated from a genomic library by hybridization at low stringency with the90245646 The inner core of the serum response element mediates both the rapid induction and subsequent repression of c-fos transcription following serum stimulation. Rivera VM; Sheng M; Greenberg ME Genes Dev 4: 255-68 (1990) Serum stimulation of quiescent fibroblasts results in a dramatic increase in c-fos transcription that peaks by 15 min and is then rapidly repressed to basal levels within 60 min. Using a nuclear run-o90249731 Identification, purification, and cloning of a polypeptide (PRTF/GRM) that binds to mating-specific promoter elements in yeast. Ammerer G Genes Dev 4: 299-312 (1990) In yeast the alpha-specific regulators, alpha 1 and alpha 2 have been proposed to be DNA-binding proteins, both of which have to interact with an additional factor called PRTF or GRM, respectively, to90249735 Integration host factor stimulates the phage lambda pL promoter. Giladi H; Gottesman M; Oppenheim AB J Mol Biol 213: 109-21 (1990) Escherichia coli integration host factor (IHF) is a small dimeric protein that binds to a specific DNA consensus sequence and produces DNA bending. Transcription from the bacteriophage lambda pL promo90250762 Chicken NFI/TGGCA proteins are encoded by at least three independent genes: NFI-A, NFI-B and NFI-C with homologues in mammalian genomes. Rupp RA; Kruse U; Multhaup G; Gobel U; Beyreuther K; Sippel AE Nucleic Acids Res 18: 2607-16 (1990) Chicken TGGCA proteins belong to the ubiquitous, eukaryotic family of NFI-like nuclear proteins, which share an identical DNA binding specificity. They are involved in viral and cellular aspects of tr90251434 The A.T-DNA-binding domain of mammalian high mobility group I chromosomal proteins. A novel peptide motif for recognizing DNA structure. Reeves R; Nissen MS J Biol Chem 265: 8573-82 (1990) We have determined the domains of the mammalian high mobility group (HMG)I chromosomal proteins necessary and sufficient for binding to the narrow minor groove of stretches of A.T-rich DNA. Three high90256776 A pancreatic islet cell-specific enhancer-like element in the glucagon gene contains two domains binding distinct cellular proteins. Knepel W; Jepeal L; Habener JF J Biol Chem 265: 8725-35 (1990) Interactions of nuclear proteins with cis-control elements are involved in the programmed developmental expression of the islet polypeptide hormone genes. Three transcriptional control elements within90256799 A single base mutation in the androgen receptor gene causes androgen insensitivity in the testicular feminized rat. Yarbrough WG; Quarmby VE; Simental JA; Joseph DR; Sar M; Lubahn DB; Olsen KL; French FS; Wilson EM J Biol Chem 265: 8893-900 (1990) The complete form of androgen insensitivity is an inherited X-linked syndrome in which genetic males fail to undergo masculinization in utero due to defective functioning of the androgen receptor (AR)90256822 Complex regulation of the immunoglobulin mu heavy-chain gene enhancer: microB, a new determinant of enhancer function. Nelsen B; Kadesch T; Sen R Mol Cell Biol 10: 3145-54 (1990) The B-lymphocyte-specific activity of the immunoglobulin mu heavy-chain gene enhancer has been attributed to the octamer motif (ATTTGCAT) present within the enhancer that binds a B-cell-specific facto90258906 Specific region in hormone binding domain is essential for hormone binding and trans-activation by human androgen receptor. Govindan MV Mol Endocrinol 4: 417-27 (1990) Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones encoding human-androgen receptors (haR) were isolated using synthetic oligonucleotides homologous to the human glucocorticoid, estradiol, progesterone, and aldosterone 90258935 The human homologue of the putative proto-oncogene Spi-1: characterization and expression in tumors [published erratum appears in Oncogene 1990 Oct;5(10):1611-2] Ray D; Culine S; Tavitain A; Moreau-Gachelin F Oncogene 5: 663-8 (1990) Spi-1 is a putative proto-oncogene involved in murine virus-induced acute erythroleukemias. We report here the identification of the human homologue of Spi-1 and its expression in normal and tumorigen90265606 Regulation of cAMP-inducible genes by CREB. Montminy MR; Gonzalez GA; Yamamoto KK Trends Neurosci 13: 184-8 (1990) A large number of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters stimulate neuronal cells through the second messenger cAMP. These synaptic signals often cause profound changes in neuronal function by altering b90266387 Isolation of human cDNA clones of jun-related genes, jun-B and jun-D. Nomura N; Ide M; Sasamoto S; Matsui M; Date T; Ishizaki R Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3047-8 (1990) 90272414 Nucleotide sequence of the murine thyroid hormone receptor (alpha-1) cDNA. Masuda M; Yasuhara S; Yamashita M; Shibuya M; Odaka T Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3055 (1990) 90272421 A yeast artificial chromosome containing the mouse homeobox cluster Hox- 2 [published erratum appears in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990 Sep;87(18):7346] Rubock MJ; Larin Z; Cook M; Papalopulu N; Krumlauf R; Lehrach H Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 4751-5 (1990) We have isolated two genes, Hox-2.8 and Hox-2.9, from the mouse homeobox cluster Hox-2, located on chromosome 11. A 120-kilobase yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) containing a large region of the muri90280453 Functional analysis of the endothelin-1 gene promoter. Evidence for an endothelial cell-specific cis-acting sequence. Lee ME; Bloch KD; Clifford JA; Quertermous T J Biol Chem 265: 10446-50 (1990) Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a peptide synthesized by endothelial cells both in culture and in vivo. ET-1 induces contraction of smooth muscle cells and stimulates growth in a variety of mesenchymal cell ty90285170 Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase regulates transcription of the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase gene but not binding of nuclear factors to the cyclic AMP regulatory element. Quinn PG; Granner DK Mol Cell Biol 10: 3357-64 (1990) We have examined the binding of factors in rat liver nuclear extracts to the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element (CRE) and other CREs and have isolated a 90287125 Regulation of the mouse alpha A-crystallin gene: isolation of a cDNA encoding a protein that binds to a cis sequence motif shared with the major histocompatibility complex class I gene and other genesNakamura T; Donovan DM; Hamada K; Sax CM; Norman B; Flanagan JR; Ozato K; Westphal H; Piatigorsky J Mol Cell Biol 10: 3700-8 (1990) We have shown by site-directed mutagenesis that the sequence between positions -69 and -40 of the mouse alpha A-crystallin gene is crucial for tissue-specific gene expression in a transfected mouse le90287161 A bovine homolog to the human myogenic determination factor myf-5: sequence conservation and 3' processing of transcripts. Clark TG; Morris J; Akamatsu M; McGraw R; Ivarie R Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3147-53 (1990) A bovine cDNA library from fetal skeletal muscle myoblasts. was screened with a 274 bp probe to a conserved region of the mouse MyoD1 cDNA. One positive recombinant, designated bmyf, was found to cont90287687 Isolation and characterization of two novel, closely related ATF cDNA clones from HeLa cells. Gaire M; Chatton B; Kedinger C Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3467-73 (1990) ATF or CRE binding proteins are cellular transcription factors involved in the regulation of adenovirus Ela-responsive and cellular cAMP- inducible promoters. We report the isolation from a HeLa cell 90301459 Cloning and sequencing of a zinc finger cDNA expressed in mouse testis. Nelki D; Dudley K; Cunningham P; Akhavan M Nucleic Acids Res 18: 3655 (1990) 90301500 The PU.1 transcription factor is the product of the putative oncogene Spi-1 [comment] Goebl MK Cell 61: 1165-6 (1990) 90304875 The Drosophila gene tailless is expressed at the embryonic termini and is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Pignoni F; Baldarelli RM; Steingrimsson E; Diaz RJ; Patapoutian A; Merriam JR; Lengyel JA Cell 62: 151-63 (1990) The zygotically active tailless (tll) gene plays a key role in the establishment of nonmetameric domains at the anterior and posterior poles of the Drosophila embryo. We have cloned the tll gene and s90304905 Molecular analysis of a cellular decision during embryonic development of Drosophila melanogaster: epidermogenesis or neurogenesis. Campos-Ortega JA; Knust E Eur J Biochem 190: 1-10 (1990) In Drosophila melanogaster, the neuroblasts (neural progenitor cells) develop from a special region of the ectoderm, called the neuroectoderm. During early embryonic development, the neuroblasts separ90305989 Nucleotide sequence and genetic characterization reveal six essential genes for the LIV-I and LS transport systems of Escherichia coli. Adams MD; Wagner LM; Graddis TJ; Landick R; Antonucci TK; Gibson AL; Oxender DL J Biol Chem 265: 11436-43 (1990) The nucleotide sequence of the genes encoding the high affinity, branched-chain amino acid transport systems LIV-I and LS has been determined. Seven genes are present on a 7568-base pair DNA fragment,90307651 Analysis of the promoter region of the gene encoding mouse cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme. Rice DA; Kirkman MS; Aitken LD; Mouw AR; Schimmer BP; Parker KL J Biol Chem 265: 11713-20 (1990) The cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (SCC) catalyzes the initial and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of steroid hormones. The mouse gene encoding SCC was cloned and the nucleotide sequence o90307689 Positive and negative elements regulate human interleukin 3 expression. Mathey-Prevot B; Andrews NC; Murphy HS; Kreissman SG; Nathan DG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5046-50 (1990) The human interleukin 3 (IL-3) promoter is comprised of several cis- acting DNA sequences that modulate T-cell expression of IL-3. These are located within 315 nucleotides upstream of the mRNA start s90311340 Multiple cDNA clones encoding nuclear proteins that bind to the tax- dependent enhancer of HTLV-1: all contain a leucine zipper structure and basic amino acid domain. Yoshimura T; Fujisawa J; Yoshida M EMBO J 9: 2537-42 (1990) A trans-activator protein, p40tax, of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) activates its own promoter and cellular promoters of IL-2, IL-2 receptor alpha and GM-CSF genes. We isolated three cDN90316112 The mouse albumin enhancer contains a negative regulatory element that interacts with a novel DNA-binding protein. Herbst RS; Boczko EM; Darnell JE Jr; Babiss LE Mol Cell Biol 10: 3896-905 (1990) The far-upstream mouse albumin enhancer (-10.5 to -8.43 kilobases) has both positive and negative regulatory domains which contribute to the rate and tissue specificity of albumin gene transcription. 90318354 Mutational analysis of the consensus sequence of a replication origin from yeast chromosome III. Van Houten JV; Newlon CS Mol Cell Biol 10: 3917-25 (1990) Yeast autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) elements contain an 11- base-pair core consensus sequence (5'-[A/T]TTTAT[A/G]TTT[A/T]-3') that is required for function. The contribution of each position90318356 M-CAT binding factor, a novel trans-acting factor governing muscle- specific transcription. Mar JH; Ordahl CP Mol Cell Biol 10: 4271-83 (1990) The cardiac troponin T (cTNT) promoter contains a highly muscle specific distal promoter element capable of conferring muscle-specific transcription from a heterologous TATA box-transcription initiati90318394 Human proviral mRNAs down regulated in choriocarcinoma encode a zinc finger protein related to Kruppel. Kato N; Shimotohno K; VanLeeuwen D; Cohen M Mol Cell Biol 10: 4401-5 (1990) RNA transcripts of the HERV-R (ERV3) human provirus that are abundant in placenta but absent in choriocarcinoma contain nonproviral genomic sequences at their 3' ends. We report here the isolation of 90318410 Mutational analysis of the promoter region of the alpha 27 gene of herpes simplex virus 1 within the context of the viral genome. Spector D; Purves F; Roizman B Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 5268-72 (1990) In herpes simplex virus 1-infected cells, the first set of genes to be expressed (alpha genes) is induced by the alpha gene trans-inducing factor (alpha TIF), a virion structural protein. The cis-acti90319093 Chlamydia trachomatis RNA polymerase major sigma subunit. Sequence and structural comparison of conserved and unique regions with Escherichia coli sigma 70 and Bacillus subtilis sigma 43 [published erKoehler JE; Burgess RR; Thompson NE; Stephens RS J Biol Chem 265: 13206-14 (1990) We identified and sequenced the gene for the Chlamydia trachomatis RNA polymerase major sigma subunit. The gene encodes a 66,141-dalton protein (sigma 66), intermediate in size between the major sigma90330666 A steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily member in Drosophila melanogaster that shares extensive sequence similarity with a mammalian homologue. Henrich VC; Sliter TJ; Lubahn DB; MacIntyre A; Gilbert LI Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4143-8 (1990) A gene in Drosophila melanogaster that maps cytologically to 2C1-3 on the distal portion of the X-chromosome encodes a member of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. The gene was isolated90332404 Cloning and characterization of the segment polarity gene cubitus interruptus Dominant of Drosophila. Orenic TV; Slusarski DC; Kroll KL; Holmgren RA Genes Dev 4: 1053-67 (1990) The segment polarity mutation, cubitus interruptus Dominant (ciD), of Drosophila melanogaster causes defects in the posterior half of every embryonic segment. We cloned sequences from the ciD region o90346286 Expression of the yeast PHR1 gene is induced by DNA-damaging agents. Sebastian J; Kraus B; Sancar GB Mol Cell Biol 10: 4630-7 (1990) The PHR1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a photolyase which repairs specifically and exclusively pyrimidine dimers, the most frequent lesions induced in DNA by far-UV radiation. We have asked90355978 Molecular mechanisms underlying the expression of the human HOX-5.1 gene. Cianetti L; Di Cristofaro A; Zappavigna V; Bottero L; Boccoli G; Testa U; Russo G; Boncinelli E; Peschle C Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4361-8 (1990) The complex mechanisms underlying homeobox genes expression involve regulation at transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. The multiple transcripts of the human HOX-5.1 gene are90356367 Yeast MIG1 repressor is related to the mammalian early growth response and Wilms' tumour finger proteins. Nehlin JO; Ronne H EMBO J 9: 2891-8 (1990) We have cloned a yeast gene, MIG1, which encodes a C2H2 zinc finger protein involved in glucose repression. The fingers of MIG1 are very similar to those present in the mammalian Egr finger proteins, 90361002 Self-association of the Drosophila zeste protein is responsible for transvection effects. Bickel S; Pirrotta V EMBO J 9: 2959-67 (1990) The zeste gene product is required for transvection effects that imply the ability of regulatory elements on one chromosome to affect the expression of the homologous gene in a somatically paired chro90361011 Alternative splicing of the human c-myb gene. Westin EH; Gorse KM; Clarke MF Oncogene 5: 1117-24 (1990) Two cDNA clones of the human c-myb gene have been isolated from a CCRF- CEM leukemia cell cDNA library and sequenced in their entirety. These sequences, when compared with those previously reported fo90363543 Genetic regulation of formate hydrogenlyase of Escherichia coli: role of the fhlA gene product as a transcriptional activator for a new regulatory gene, fhlB. Maupin JA; Shanmugam KT J Bacteriol 172: 4798-806 (1990) A new gene whose product is required for the production of formate hydrogenlyase (FHL) has been identified in Escherichia coli. This gene, termed fhlB, maps between the frdA (94.4 min) and argI (96.6 90368529 ABF1 binding sites in yeast RNA polymerase genes. Della Seta F; Treich I; Buhler JM; Sentenac A J Biol Chem 265: 15168-75 (1990) We have used gel retardation and DNase protection assays to investigate the trans-acting factors involved in the regulation of yeast RNA polymerase genes RPC160 and RPC40. The same binding component w90368698 Myogenin contains two domains conserved among myogenic factors. Fujisawa-Sehara A; Nabeshima Y; Hosoda Y; Obinata T; Nabeshima Y J Biol Chem 265: 15219-23 (1990) Previously, three structurally related proteins, MyoD, myogenin, and Myf5, have been identified, and each of them was found to convert C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts to myoblasts when their respective cDNAs we90368705 An undecamer DNA sequence directs termination of human ribosomal gene transcription. Pfleiderer C; Smid A; Bartsch I; Grummt I Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4727-36 (1990) Previously we have shown that a repetitive 18 bp sequence motif, the Sal box (AGGTCGACCAGA/TT/ANTCCG), present in the 3' terminal spacer of mouse rDNA constitutes a termination signal for RNA polymera90370451 Nucleotide sequence of the woodchuck N-myc gene (WN-myc1). Fourel G; Tiollais P; Buendia MA Nucleic Acids Res 18: 4918 (1990) 90370481 [Nuclear protein factors binding with specific DNA sequences] Turpaev KT; Vasetskii ES Genetika 26: 804-16 (1990) Primary structure of thousands of genes is being determined in many laboratories worldwide. While it is relatively easy to analyse the coding region(s) of genes, it is usually hard to understand what 90375037 Functional analysis of the murine T-cell receptor beta enhancer and characteristics of its DNA-binding proteins. Takeda J; Cheng A; Mauxion F; Nelson CA; Newberry RD; Sha WC; Sen R; Loh DY Mol Cell Biol 10: 5027-35 (1990) The minimal T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain (TCR beta) enhancer has been identified by transfection into lymphoid cells. The minimal enhancer was active in T cells and in some B-lineage cells. When a90377191 DNA-binding protein activated by gamma radiation in human cells. Singh SP; Lavin MF Mol Cell Biol 10: 5279-85 (1990) DNA damage-inducible responses in mammalian cells tend to lack specificity and can be activated by any one of a number of damaging agents. Although a number of different induced proteins have been des90377217 Frequent activation of N-myc genes by hepadnavirus insertion in woodchuck liver tumours [see comments] Fourel G; Trepo C; Bougueleret L; Henglein B; Ponzetto A; Tiollais P; Buendia MA Nature 347: 294-8 (1990) The recent finding of c-myc activation by insertion of woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA in two independent hepatocellular carcinoma has given support to the hypothesis that integration of hepatitis B vir90384570 Xenopus laevis alpha and beta thyroid hormone receptors [published erratum appears in Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990 Nov;87(21):8685] Yaoita Y; Shi YB; Brown DD Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 7090-4 (1990) The Xenopus laevis genome encodes two genes for the alpha (TR alpha) and two genes for the beta (TR beta) thyroid hormone receptors. The two TR alpha genes closely resemble their rat, human, and chick90384953 Molecular cloning of androgen receptors from divergent species with a polymerase chain reaction technique: complete cDNA sequence of the mouse androgen receptor and isolation of androgen receptor cDNAHe WW; Fischer LM; Sun S; Bilhartz DL; Zhu XP; Young CY; Kelley DB; Tindall DJ Biochem Biophys Res Commun 171: 697-704 (1990) We have cloned and sequenced 2.8 kilobases of cDNA encoding the mouse androgen receptor by RNA amplification with transcript sequencing. Sequence analysis predicts that this cDNA contains an open read90386642 Full-length sequence and in vitro expression of rainbow trout estrogen receptor cDNA. Pakdel F; Le Gac F; Le Goff P; Valotaire Y Mol Cell Endocrinol 71: 195-204 (1990) We previously reported the isolation of a partial cDNA clone encoding the rainbow trout estrogen receptor (rtER). A 0.4 kb 5'-end insert of this cDNA was used to screen the trout liver lambda gt10 cDN91006824 Sequence and analysis of the rpoN sigma factor gene of rhizobium sp. strain NGR234, a primary coregulator of symbiosis. van Slooten JC; Cervantes E; Broughton WJ; Wong CH; Stanley J J Bacteriol 172: 5563-74 (1990) We report the nucleotide sequence of the rpoN gene from broad-host- range Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 and analyze the encoded RPON protein, a sigma factor. Comparative analysis of the deduced amino ac91008923 A plant leucine zipper protein that recognizes an abscisic acid response element. Guiltinan MJ; Marcotte WR Jr; Quatrano RS Science 250: 267-71 (1990) The mechanism by which phytohormones, like abscisic acid (ABA), regulate gene expression is unknown. An activity in nuclear extracts that interacts with the ABA response element (ABRE) from the 5' reg91019454 Isolation of complementary DNAs encoding a cerebellum-enriched nuclear factor I family that activates transcription from the mouse myelin basic protein promoter. Inoue T; Tamura T; Furuichi T; Mikoshiba K J Biol Chem 265: 19065-70 (1990) A nuclear factor I (NFI) binding sequence in the myelin basic protein (MBP) promoter is required for brain-specific transcription. In the present study, we isolated multiple cDNAs encoding a family of91035434 On the mechanism for efficient repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by glucocorticoids: enhancer, TATA box, and RNA start site (Inr motif) occlusion. Ray A; LaForge KS; Sehgal PB Mol Cell Biol 10: 5736-46 (1990) The feedback inhibition of interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene expression by glucocorticoids represents a regulatory link between the endocrine and immune systems. The mechanism of the efficient repression of t91042502 The repeated sequence CATT(A/T) is required for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor promoter activity. Nimer S; Fraser J; Richards J; Lynch M; Gasson J Mol Cell Biol 10: 6084-8 (1990) The hematopoietic growth factor GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor) is expressed by activated but not resting T lymphocytes. Previously, we localized GM-CSF-inducible promoter a91042545 Structural organization and expression of the mouse estrogen receptor. White R; Lees JA; Needham M; Ham J; Parker M Mol Endocrinol 1: 735-44 (1987) Complementary DNA clones corresponding to the mouse uterus estrogen receptor mRNA have been isolated and characterized. Nucleotide sequence analysis predicts that full-length cDNA has the potential to91042558 Sequence and expression of a functional chicken progesterone receptor. Conneely OM; Dobson AD; Tsai MJ; Beattie WG; Toft DO; Huckaby CS; Zarucki T; Schrader WT; O'Malley BW Mol Endocrinol 1: 517-25 (1987) We have cloned and sequenced 4.5 kilobases (Kb) of cDNA encoding the chicken progesterone receptor. The complete cDNA contains an open reading frame of 2361 nucleotides in length and encodes a polypep91042592 A functional retinoic acid receptor encoded by the gene on human chromosome 12. Ishikawa T; Umesono K; Mangelsdorf DJ; Aburatani H; Stanger BZ; Shibasaki Y; Imawari M; Evans RM; Takaku F Mol Endocrinol 4: 837-44 (1990) A cDNA clone derived from a human hepatocellular carcinoma has been isolated on the basis of homology to the alpha human retinoic acid receptor (RAR alpha) gene. Expression of this cDNA produces a hig91042616 Interactions among a subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors: the regulatory zipper model. Forman BM; Samuels HH Mol Endocrinol 4: 1293-301 (1990) The nuclear hormone receptors comprise a superfamily of ligand- modulated transcription factors that regulate homeostasis, reproduction, development, and differentiation. Three amino acids within the 91042631 Cloning of a mitogen-inducible gene encoding a kappa B DNA-binding protein with homology to the rel oncogene and to cell-cycle motifs. Bours V; Villalobos J; Burd PR; Kelly K; Siebenlist U Nature 348: 76-80 (1990) We have cloned and characterized a mitogen-inducible gene isolated from human T cells that predicts a protein of 968 amino acids. The amino- terminal domain has regions homologous to the oncogene rel 91043047 Homeobox containing genes in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Hawkins NC; McGhee JD Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6101-6 (1990) We designed a unique 36-mer oligonucleotide probe, based on the most highly conserved amino acid sequences of Antennapedia-like homeodomains and the codon bias of Caenorhabditis elegans. This probe wa91045075 Cloning and sequencing of POU-boxes expressed in Xenopus laevis neurula embryos. Baltzinger M; Stiegler P; Remy P Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6131 (1990) 91045083 Myb protein binds to human immunodeficiency virus 1 long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences and transactivates LTR-mediated transcription. Dasgupta P; Saikumar P; Reddy CD; Reddy EP Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 8090-4 (1990) The protooncogene c-myb encodes a nuclear transcription factor that binds to DNA in a sequence-specific manner and transactivates transcription of several viral and cellular genes. The expression of c91045943 Drosophila RNA polymerase II elongation factor DmS-II has homology to mouse S-II and sequence similarity to yeast PPR2. Marshall TK; Guo H; Price DH Nucleic Acids Res 18: 6293-8 (1990) DmSII is a Drosophila RNA polymerase II elongation factor which suppresses pausing by RNA polymerase II at specific sites on double stranded templates. Using antibodies produced against the purified p91057107 Multiple DNA-binding factors interact with overlapping specificities at the aryl hydrocarbon response element of the cytochrome P450IA1 gene. Saatcioglu F; Perry DJ; Pasco DS; Fagan JB Mol Cell Biol 10: 6408-16 (1990) Three nuclear factors, the Ah receptor, XF1, and XF2, bind sequence specifically to the Ah response elements or xenobiotic response elements (XREs) of the cytochrome P450IA1 (P450c) gene. The interact91061748 The SCL gene is formed from a transcriptionally complex locus. Aplan PD; Begley CG; Bertness V; Nussmeier M; Ezquerra A; Coligan J; Kirsch IR Mol Cell Biol 10: 6426-35 (1990) We describe the structural organization of the human SCL gene, a helix- loop-helix family member which we believe plays a fundamental role in hematopoietic differentiation. The SCL locus is composed o91061750 Genomic analysis of a mouse zinc finger gene, Zfp-35, that is up- regulated during spermatogenesis. Cunliffe V; Williams S; Trowsdale J Genomics 8: 331-9 (1990) Zinc finger genes are a class of eukaryotic regulatory genes that encode sequence-specific nucleic acid-binding proteins. Members of this large gene family are required for growth and development in a91065652 Interferon gamma response region in the promoter of the human DPA gene. Yang Z; Sugawara M; Ponath PD; Wessendorf L; Banerji J; Li Y; Strominger JL Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9226-30 (1990) The interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) response region of the human class II major histocompatibility complex gene, DPA, has been localized to a 52- base-pair (bp) DNA fragment in the proximal promotor at -91067680 Differences and similarities in DNA-binding preferences of MyoD and E2A protein complexes revealed by binding site selection. Blackwell TK; Weintraub H Science 250: 1104-10 (1990) A technique was developed for studying protein-DNA recognition that can be applied to any purified protein, partially purified protein, or cloned gene. From oligonucleotides in which particular positi91068002 Nitrogen regulation in Aspergillus: are two fingers better than one? Caddick MX; Arst HN Jr Gene 95: 123-7 (1990) The areA gene, mediating nitrogen metabolite repression in Aspergillus nidulans, encodes a positive-acting regulatory protein with a single putative DNA-binding 'zinc finger' which is remarkably simil91071593 A trans-acting factor that binds to a GT-motif in a phytochrome gene promoter. Dehesh K; Bruce WB; Quail PH Science 250: 1397-9 (1990) The regulatory photoreceptor, phytochrome, controls the expression of numerous genes, including its own phyA genes, which are transcriptionally repressed in response to light. Functional analysis of a91075225 CeMyoD accumulation defines the body wall muscle cell fate during C. elegans embryogenesis. Krause M; Fire A; Harrison SW; Priess J; Weintraub H Cell 63: 907-19 (1990) We have cloned a gene from the nematode C. elegans that is closely related to the vertebrate MyoD gene family. The nematode gene product, CeMyoD, is a nuclear protein that is expressed specifically in91077929 Two nuclear proteins bind to the major positive element of the apolipoprotein B gene promoter. Carlsson P; Eriksson P; Bjursell G Gene 94: 295-301 (1990) The promoter of the apolipoprotein B-encoding gene (apoB) contains a number of regulatory elements, which together produce a high level of expression that is restricted to two tissues: liver and intes91078653 Molecular cloning, functional expression, and chromosomal localization of mouse hepatocyte nuclear factor 1. Kuo CJ; Conley PB; Hsieh CL; Francke U; Crabtree GR Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87: 9838-42 (1990) The homeodomain-containing transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1) most likely plays an essential role during liver organogenesis by transactivating a family of greater than 15 predom91088607 The SIF binding element confers sis/PDGF inducibility onto the c-fos promoter. Wagner BJ; Hayes TE; Hoban CJ; Cochran BH EMBO J 9: 4477-84 (1990) The c-fos proto-oncogene is rapidly and transiently induced by a variety of extracellular stimuli. We have previously shown that conditioned media from v-sis transformed NRK cells rapidly induces a DN91092272 Complete assignment of the 1H NMR spectrum and secondary structure of the DNA binding domain of GAL4. Gadhavi PL; Raine AR; Alefounder PR; Laue ED FEBS Lett 276: 49-53 (1990) Complete 1H NMR resonance assignments are presented for the cysteine rich region of the DNA binding domain of the yeast transcriptional activator GAL4. The protein contains short helical regions betwe91092433 DNA binding of purified transcription factor NF-kappa B. Affinity, specificity, Zn2+ dependence, and differential half-site recognition. Zabel U; Schreck R; Baeuerle PA J Biol Chem 266: 252-60 (1991) A rapid purification procedure for the NF-kappa B transcription factor from the cytosol of human placenta is demonstrated which exploits the insensitivity of the NF-kappa B.DNA complex toward the inte91093132 Sequence-specific transcriptional antirepression of the Drosophila Kruppel gene by the GAGA factor. Kerrigan LA; Croston GE; Lira LM; Kadonaga JT J Biol Chem 266: 574-82 (1991) We have analyzed the proximal promoter of the Drosophila Kruppel (Kr) gene. A 44-base pair fragment containing the RNA start sites contains significant promoter activity, and this minimal promoter is 91093184 The OPI1 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a negative regulator of phospholipid biosynthesis, encodes a protein containing polyglutamine tracts and a leucine zipper. White MJ; Hirsch JP; Henry SA J Biol Chem 266: 863-72 (1991) In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, recessive mutations at the OPI1 locus result in constitutively derepressed expression of inositol 1-phosphate synthase, the product of the INO1 gene. Many of the other enz91093285 Molecular cloning and characterization of interferon alpha/beta response element binding factors of the murine (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase ME-12 gene [published erratum appears in Proc Natl Acad Yan C; Tamm I Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 144-8 (1991) Seven clones encoding interferon response element binding factors have been isolated from a mouse fibroblast lambda gt11 cDNA library by using a 32P end-labeled tandem trimer of the mouse (2'-5')oligo91095416 Expression of a MyoD family member prefigures muscle pattern in Drosophila embryos. Michelson AM; Abmayr SM; Bate M; Arias AM; Maniatis T Genes Dev 4: 2086-97 (1990) We have isolated a Drosophila gene that is expressed in a temporal and spatial pattern during embryogenesis, strongly suggesting an important role for this gene in the early development of muscle. Thi91099658 Transcription-dependent competition for a host factor: the function and optimal sequence of the phage lambda boxA transcription antitermination signal. Friedman DI; Olson ER; Johnson LL; Alessi D; Craven MG Genes Dev 4: 2210-22 (1990) Ordered development of lambdoid phages relies on systems of transcription termination and antitermination. The phage-encoded N early regulatory proteins, acting with the Nus proteins of Escherichia co91099668 The Bacillus subtilis sin gene, a regulator of alternate developmental processes, codes for a DNA-binding protein. Gaur NK; Oppenheim J; Smith I J Bacteriol 173: 678-86 (1991) The sin gene of Bacillus subtilis encodes a dual-function regulatory protein, Sin, which is a negative as well as a positive regulator of alternate developmental processes that are induced at the end 91100356 Regulation of interleukin-2 gene enhancer activity by the T cell accessory molecule CD28. Fraser JD; Irving BA; Crabtree GR; Weiss A Science 251: 313-6 (1991) The mechanism by which cell surface molecules regulate T cell production of lymphokines is poorly understood. Production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) can be regulated by signal transduction pathways distin91102586 Identification and characterization of Pellegrino GR; Berg JM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 671-5 (1991) We have developed a method for amplifying DNA fragments containing tandem arrays of "zinc-finger" sequences of the transcription factor IIIA (Cys2-His2) type by using the polymerase chain reaction. Be91110590 A genetic model for interaction of the homeodomain recognition helix with DNA. Hanes SD; Brent R Science 251: 426-30 (1991) The Bicoid homeodomain protein controls anterior development in the Drosophila embryo by binding to DNA and regulating gene expression. With the use of genetic assays in yeast, the interaction between91111100 A plant DNA-binding protein increases the number of active preinitiation complexes in a human in vitro transcription system. Katagiri F; Yamazaki K; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG; Chua NH Genes Dev 4: 1899-909 (1990) TGA1a is a tobacco DNA-binding protein that binds to the activation sequence-1 (as-1) element of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. We have produced TGA1a in Escherichia coli, purified it from91115079 Regulation of a human epidermal keratin gene: sequences and nuclear factors involved in keratinocyte-specific transcription. Leask A; Rosenberg M; Vassar R; Fuchs E Genes Dev 4: 1985-98 (1990) The keratinocyte is a major cell type of the body, and in epidermis, keratinocytes have potential for future gene targeting and drug therapy. Despite the importance of keratinocytes in cell biology an91115087 Intersecting batteries of differentially expressed genes in the early sea urchin embryo. Thiebaud P; Goodstein M; Calzone FJ; Theze N; Britten RJ; Davidson EH Genes Dev 4: 1999-2010 (1990) We determined the distribution of cis-regulatory sites, previously identified in the control domain of the CyIIIa gene, in three other genes displaying diverse spatial patterns of expression in the se91115088 Characterization of Neurospora CPC1, a bZIP DNA-binding protein that does not require aligned heptad leucines for dimerization. Paluh JL; Yanofsky C Mol Cell Biol 11: 935-44 (1991) CPC1 is the transcriptional activator of amino acid biosynthetic genes of Neurospora crassa. CPC1 function in vivo was abolished upon deletion of segments of cpc-1 corresponding to the presumed transc91117261 Regulation of the apolipoprotein AI gene by ARP-1, a novel member of the steroid receptor superfamily. Ladias JA; Karathanasis SK Science 251: 561-5 (1991) Apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) is a lipid-binding protein that participates in the transport of cholesterol and other lipids in the plasma. A complementary DNA clone for a protein that bound to regulatory 91118002 The M-twist gene of Mus is expressed in subsets of mesodermal cells and is closely related to the Xenopus X-twi and the Drosophila twist genes. Wolf C; Thisse C; Stoetzel C; Thisse B; Gerlinger P; Perrin-Schmitt F Dev Biol 143: 363-73 (1991) The twist gene was characterized in Drosophila as being necessary at gastrulation for the establishment of the mesodermal germ layer. It codes for a nuclear DNA-binding protein that is probably a tran91122450 Bradyrhizobium japonicum has two differentially regulated, functional homologs of the sigma 54 gene (rpoN). Kullik I; Fritsche S; Knobel H; Sanjuan J; Hennecke H; Fischer HM J Bacteriol 173: 1125-38 (1991) Recognition of -24/-12-type promoters by RNA polymerase requires a special sigma factor, sigma 54 (RpoN NtrA GlnF). In the nitrogen-fixing soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium japonicum, two functional, hi91123185 Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of the murine homolog of the human helix-loop-helix gene SCL. Begley CG; Visvader J; Green AR; Aplan PD; Metcalf D; Kirsch IR; Gough NM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 869-73 (1991) The human SCL gene is a member of the family of genes that encode the helix-loop-helix (HLH) class of DNA-binding proteins. A murine SCL cDNA was isolated from a normal macrophage cDNA library by usin91126096 Cloning of the DNA-binding subunit of human nuclear factor kappa B: the level of its mRNA is strongly regulated by phorbol ester or tumor necrosis factor alpha. Meyer R; Hatada EN; Hohmann HP; Haiker M; Bartsch C; Rothlisberger U; Lahm HW; Schlaeger EJ; van Loon AP; Scheidereit C Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 966-70 (1991) The DNA binding subunit of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), a B- cell protein that interacts with the immunoglobulin kappa light-chain gene enhancer, has been purified from nuclei of human HL-60 c91126115 A novel sequence-specific DNA binding protein which interacts with three regularly spaced direct repeats of the CCCTC-motif in the 5'- flanking sequence of the chicken c-myc gene. Lobanenkov VV; Nicolas RH; Adler VV; Paterson H; Klenova EM; Polotskaja AV; Goodwin GH Oncogene 5: 1743-53 (1990) The chicken c-myc 5'-flanking sequence has previously been shown to bind multiple proteins present in undifferentiated and differentiated red blood cells. In this report the protein binding to one spe91133724 Promoter-upstream activator sequences are required for expression of the xylS gene and upper-pathway operon on the Pseudomonas TOL plasmid. Holtel A; Abril MA; Marques S; Timmis KN; Ramos JL Mol Microbiol 4: 1551-6 (1990) Stimulation of transcription from the Pseudomonas TOL plasmid xylS gene promoter (Ps) and the upper-pathway operon promoter (Pu) is dependent on the positive regulator protein XylR activated by an eff91141307 Isolation, characterization, and expression of the murine Wilms' tumor gene (WT1) during kidney development. Buckler AJ; Pelletier J; Haber DA; Glaser T; Housman DE Mol Cell Biol 11: 1707-12 (1991) The human Wilms' tumor predisposition gene, WT1, is a Cys-His zinc finger polypeptide which appears to be a transcription factor controlling gene expression during embryonic kidney development. In ord91141522 Tst-1, a member of the POU domain gene family, binds the promoter of the gene encoding the cell surface adhesion molecule Po. He X; Gerrero R; Simmons DM; Park RE; Lin CJ; Swanson LW; Rosenfeld MG Mol Cell Biol 11: 1739-44 (1991) Tst-1, a member of the POU domain gene family, is expressed in specific neurons and in myelinating glia in the mammalian nervous system. Bacterially expressed Tst-1 binds specifically to the promoter 91141528 Structure and expression of canary myc family genes. Collum RG; Clayton DF; Alt FW Mol Cell Biol 11: 1770-6 (1991) We found that the canary N-myc gene is highly related to mammalian N- myc genes in both the protein-coding region and the long 3' untranslated region. Examined coding regions of the canary c-myc gene 91141534 Multiple genes encoding zinc finger domains are expressed in human T cells. Thiesen HJ New Biol 2: 363-74 (1990) Proteins containing zinc finger domains have been implicated in developmental control of gene expression in Drosophila, Xenopus, mouse, and humans. Multiple cDNAs encoding zinc (II) finger structures 91145339 Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the chimpanzee c-myc gene. Argaut C; Rigolet M; Eladari ME; Galibert F Gene 97: 231-7 (1991) A DNA fragment covering the chimpanzee c-myc locus was cloned from the DNA of peripheral blood lymphocytes, sequenced, and compared to its human c-myc counterpart. The two nucleotide sequences were fo91153652 Definition of the human androgen receptor gene structure permits the identification of mutations that cause androgen resistance: premature termination of the receptor protein at amino acid residue 588Marcelli M; Tilley WD; Wilson CM; Griffin JE; Wilson JD; McPhaul MJ Mol Endocrinol 4: 1105-16 (1990) We have isolated and characterized the gene encoding the human androgen receptor. The coding sequence is divided into eight coding exons and spans a minimum of 54 kilobases. The positions of the exon 91155943 Purification of the regulatory protein AlgR1 and its binding in the far upstream region of the algD promoter in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Kato J; Chakrabarty AM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 1760-4 (1991) A regulatory protein AlgR1, previously suggested to be a member of a two-component sensory transduction system because of its homology to OmpR and NtrC and its ability to allow activation of the algD 91156687 The RET1 gene of yeast encodes the second-largest subunit of RNA polymerase III. Structural analysis of the wild-type and ret1-1 mutant alleles. James P; Whelen S; Hall BD J Biol Chem 266: 5616-24 (1991) We have previously reported on the isolation of the ret1-1 mutation in yeast, which reduces the efficiency of transcription termination by RNA polymerase III. We have cloned the RET1 gene by complemen91170230 Quox-1, a quail homeobox gene expressed in the embryonic central nervous system, including the forebrain. Xue ZG; Gehring WJ; Le Douarin NM Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 2427-31 (1991) This paper reports the cloning and sequencing of a quail homeobox- containing gene, Quox-1, and its expression pattern in embryos from 3 to 6 days (E3 to E6) of development as determined by in situ hy91172821 Isolation of a rel-related human cDNA that potentially encodes the 65- kD subunit of NF-kappa B [published erratum appears in Science 1991 Oct 4;254(5028):11] Ruben SM; Dillon PJ; Schreck R; Henkel T; Chen CH; Maher M; Baeuerle PA; Rosen CA Science 251: 1490-3 (1991) A DNA probe that spanned a domain conserved among the proto-oncogene c- rel, the Drosophila morphogen dorsal, and the p50 DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B was generated from Jurkat T cell complementa91173312 Cytoplasmic activation of GAF, an IFN-gamma-regulated DNA-binding factor. Decker T; Lew DJ; Mirkovitch J; Darnell JE Jr EMBO J 10: 927-32 (1991) We have investigated events following treatment of cells with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) that lead to the immediate transcriptional activation of an inducible gene. A gamma-interferon activation fac91184139 Novel murine homeo box gene on chromosome 1 expressed in specific hematopoietic lineages and during embryogenesis. Allen JD; Lints T; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG; Strasser A; Harvey RP; Adams JM Genes Dev 5: 509-20 (1991) We describe here a new murine homeo box gene, denoted Hlx, which is expressed within specific hematopoietic lineages. The cDNA sequence indicates that Hlx differs markedly from known vertebrate homeo 91184608 Glass encodes a site-specific DNA-binding protein that is regulated in response to positional signals in the developing Drosophila eye. Moses K; Rubin GM Genes Dev 5: 583-93 (1991) The glass gene encodes a zinc finger protein required for normal photoreceptor cell development in Drosophila. We show that glass transcripts are present in the third-instar eye-imaginal disc starting91184614 Interconversion of the DNA-binding specificities of two related transcription regulators, CRP and FNR. Spiro S; Gaston KL; Bell AI; Roberts RE; Busby SJ; Guest JR Mol Microbiol 4: 1831-8 (1990) In Escherichia coli, FNR and CRP are homologous transcriptional regulators which recognize similar nucleotide sequences via DNA-binding domains containing analogous helix-turn-helix motifs. The molecu91186818 Isolation of two cDNAs encoding zinc finger proteins which bind to the alpha 1-antitrypsin promoter and to the major histocompatibility complex class I enhancer. Mitchelmore C; Traboni C; Cortese R Nucleic Acids Res 19: 141-7 (1991) Two partial cDNAs coding for DNA-binding proteins (AT-BP1 and AT-BP2) have been isolated. Both proteins, when prepared from lambda gt11 lysogens, bind to the B-domain of the alpha 1-antitrypsin promot91187610 Alternative splicing of the HOX 2.2 homeobox gene in human hematopoietic cells and murine embryonic and adult tissues. Shen WF; Detmer K; Simonitch-Eason TA; Lawrence HJ; Largman C Nucleic Acids Res 19: 539-45 (1991) The HOX 2.2 homeobox gene is expressed in human hematopoietic cell lines with erythroid features (W.-F. Shen, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86, 8536-8540, 1989). Both human and murine Hox 2.2 genes co91187672 Genomic organization of the retinoic acid receptor gamma gene. Lehmann JM; Hoffmann B; Pfahl M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 573-8 (1991) The retinoic acid receptors (RAR) belong to the large family of ligand responsive gene regulatory proteins that includes receptors for steroid and thyroid hormones. These proteins contain two highly c91187677 Expression of a mRNA related to c-rel and dorsal in early Xenopus laevis embryos. Kao KR; Hopwood ND Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 2697-701 (1991) We describe a Xenopus mRNA, Xrel1, that is related to the avian protooncogene c-rel, the embryonic pattern gene dorsal of Drosophila, and the mammalian transcription factor NK-kappa B/KBF1. The sequen91187859 A comparative sequence analysis of two human papillomavirus (HPV) types 2a and 57. Hirsch-Behnam A; Delius H; de Villiers EM Virus Res 18: 81-97 (1990) HPV 2a is commonly associated with verrucae vulgares, whereas HPV 57 was detected in mucosal lesions of the maxillary sinus and the genital tract, as well as in cutaneous lesions. The complete DNA seq91188699 Nucleotide sequence and genome organization of the murine polyomavirus, Kilham strain. Mayer M; Dorries K Virology 181: 469-80 (1991) The polyomavirus Kilham strain (KV) represents a second murine member of the polyomavirus family. However, in contrast to other polyomaviruses, KV exhibits a stringent host and cell specificity. To de91196237 Interspecific comparisons of the structure and regulation of the Drosophila ecdysone-inducible gene E74. Jones CW; Dalton MW; Townley LH Genetics 127: 535-43 (1991) The Drosophila melanogaster E74 gene is induced directly by the steroid hormone ecdysone and is a member of a small set of "early" genes that appear to trigger the onset of metamorphosis. The gene con91200627 EBNA-2 transactivates a lymphoid-specific enhancer in the BamHI C promoter of Epstein-Barr virus. Sung NS; Kenney S; Gutsch D; Pagano JS J Virol 65: 2164-9 (1991) Among the few Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genes expressed during latency are the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigens (EBNAs), at least one of which contributes to the ability of the virus to transform B lympho91202551 Stereospecific alignment of the X and Y elements is required for major histocompatibility complex class II DRA promoter function. Vilen BJ; Cogswell JP; Ting JP Mol Cell Biol 11: 2406-15 (1991) The regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II genes involve several cis- acting DNA elements, including the X and Y boxes. These two elements 91203859 Heterodimers of myogenic helix-loop-helix regulatory factors and E12 bind a complex element governing myogenic induction of the avian cardiac alpha-actin promoter. French BA; Chow KL; Olson EN; Schwartz RJ Mol Cell Biol 11: 2439-50 (1991) Recent studies have shown that two genes regulating myogenesis (MyoD and myogenin) are coexpressed with cardiac alpha-actin during early stages of skeletal muscle development. Myogenin and MyoD are me91203863 Evi-1, a murine zinc finger proto-oncogene, encodes a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Perkins AS; Fishel R; Jenkins NA; Copeland NG Mol Cell Biol 11: 2665-74 (1991) Evi-1 was originally identified as a common site of viral integration in murine myeloid tumors. Evi-1 encodes a 120-kDa polypeptide containing 10 zinc finger motifs located in two domains 380 amino ac91203887 Identification of a multiprotein complex interacting with the c-fos serum response element. de Belle I; Walker PR; Smith IC; Sikorska M Mol Cell Biol 11: 2752-9 (1991) The serum response element (SRE) is essential for serum and growth factor stimulation of the c-fos gene. We have examined the nuclear proteins, obtained from tissues with elevated expression of the c-91203896 Determination of the DNA-binding sequences of ARGR proteins to arginine anabolic and catabolic promoters. Messenguy F; Dubois E; Boonchird C Mol Cell Biol 11: 2852-63 (1991) ARGRI, ARGRII, and ARGRIII proteins regulate the expression of arginine anabolic and catabolic genes. The integrity of these three proteins is required to observe the formation of a DNA-protein comple91203908 Angiotensinogen gene-inducible enhancer-binding protein 1, a member of a new family of large nuclear proteins that recognize nuclear factor kappa B-binding sites through a zinc finger motif. Ron D; Brasier AR; Habener JF Mol Cell Biol 11: 2887-95 (1991) Transcriptional activation of the rat angiotensinogen gene during the acute-phase response is dependent on a previously characterized acute- phase response element (APRE) that binds at least two types91203912 I-POU: a POU-domain protein that inhibits neuron-specific gene activation [see comments] Treacy MN; He X; Rosenfeld MG Nature 350: 577-84 (1991) A novel, structurally distinct POU-domain protein has been identified that inhibits activation by another positive POU-domain regulator of neuron-specific transcription units. Two Drosophila POU-domai91204052 An upstream XylR- and IHF-induced nucleoprotein complex regulates the sigma 54-dependent Pu promoter of TOL plasmid. de Lorenzo V; Herrero M; Metzke M; Timmis KN EMBO J 10: 1159-67 (1991) Transcription from promoter Pu of the upper catabolic operon of the Pseudomonas putida TOL plasmid which specifies conversion of toluene/xylenes to benzoate/toluates is activated by the TOL-encoded re91216110 Optimal DNA sequence recognition by the Ultrabithorax homeodomain of Drosophila. Ekker SC; Young KE; von Kessler DP; Beachy PA EMBO J 10: 1179-86 (1991) The 61 amino acid homeodomain is conserved among members of a family of eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins that play regulatory roles in transcription and in development. We have refined a rapid method f91216112 Regulation of cellular responsiveness to inductive signals in the developing C. elegans nervous system. Waring DA; Kenyon C Nature 350: 712-5 (1991) In Caenorhabditis elegans, cell-cell communication is required to form a simple pattern of sensory ray neurons and cuticular structures (alae). The C. elegans pal-1 gene initiates one developmental pa91218851 The evolutionarily conserved Kruppel-associated box domain defines a subfamily of eukaryotic multifingered proteins. Bellefroid EJ; Poncelet DA; Lecocq PJ; Revelant O; Martial JA Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3608-12 (1991) We have previously shown that the human genome includes hundreds of genes coding for putative factors related to the Kruppel zinc-finger protein, which regulates Drosophila segmentation. We report her91219421 The Drosophila homologue of vertebrate myogenic-determination genes encodes a transiently expressed nuclear protein marking primary myogenic cells. Paterson BM; Walldorf U; Eldridge J; Dubendorfer A; Frasch M; Gehring WJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 3782-6 (1991) We have isolated a cDNA clone, called Dmyd for Drosophila myogenic- determination gene, that encodes a protein with structural and functional characteristics similar to the members of the vertebrate M91219456 Identification and characterization of a novel repressor of beta- interferon gene expression. Keller AD; Maniatis T Genes Dev 5: 868-79 (1991) We have identified and characterized a novel repressor of human beta- interferon (beta-IFN) gene expression. This protein, designated PRDI- BF1, binds specifically to the PRDI element of the beta-IFN 91224495 The multifunctional protein OBF1 is phosphorylated at serine and threonine residues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Francesconi SC; Eisenberg S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 4089-93 (1991) We have purified a DNA replication enhancer-binding protein, OBF1, from yeast cells grown in a medium containing 32P-labeled orthophosphate. The purified 32P-labeled protein comigrated on polyacrylami91239512 Cloning of a factor required for activity of the Ah (dioxin) receptor. Hoffman EC; Reyes H; Chu FF; Sander F; Conley LH; Brooks BA; Hankinson O Science 252: 954-8 (1991) The aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor binds various environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heterocyclic amines, and polychlorinated aromatic compounds (dioxins, dibenzofurans91240280 Isolation and expression analysis of a human zinc finger gene (ZNF41) located on the short arm of the X chromosome. Franze A; Archidiacono N; Rocchi M; Marino M; Grimaldi G Genomics 9: 728-36 (1991) We have isolated a novel human zinc finger gene, ZNF41, from a human X- chromosome-specific library. Nucleotide sequence analysis reveals that ZNF41 potentially encodes a polypeptide featuring an arra91244317 A protein with a binding specificity similar to NF-kappa B binds to a steroid-dependent regulatory element in the ovalbumin gene. Schweers LA; Sanders MM J Biol Chem 266: 10490-7 (1991) The chicken ovalbumin gene is regulated at the level of transcription by four classes of steroid hormones. A steroid-dependent regulatory element (SDRE) found from -900 to -732 is required for this st91244826 Regulation of c-erbA-alpha messenger RNA species in tadpole erythrocytes by thyroid hormone. Schneider MJ; Galton VA Mol Endocrinol 5: 201-8 (1991) Putative thyroid hormone (TH) nuclear receptors have been detected in several tissues of Rana catesbeiana tadpoles. T3 receptor number (sites per nucleus) in red blood cells (RBCs) and tail increases 91246218 Interspecific comparison of the unusually repetitive Drosophila locus mastermind. Newfeld SJ; Smoller DA; Yedvobnick B J Mol Evol 32: 415-20 (1991) The mastermind gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes a novel, highly repetitive nuclear protein required for neural development. To identify functionally important regions we have initiated an inter91251140 Chromatin differences between active and inactive X chromosomes revealed by genomic footprinting of permeabilized cells using DNase I and ligation-mediated PCR. Pfeifer GP; Riggs AD Genes Dev 5: 1102-13 (1991) Ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction (LMPCR) provides adequate sensitivity for nucleotide-level analysis of single-copy genes. Here, we report that chromatin structure can be studied by enzyme 91257576 The myosin light chain enhancer and the skeletal actin promoter share a binding site for factors involved in muscle-specific gene expression. Ernst H; Walsh K; Harrison CA; Rosenthal N Mol Cell Biol 11: 3735-44 (1991) The myosin light chain (MLC) 1/3 enhancer (MLC enhancer), identified at the 3' end of the skeletal MLC1/3 locus, contains a sequence motif that is homologous to a protein-binding site of the skeletal 91260723 Identification of p53 as a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein. Kern SE; Kinzler KW; Bruskin A; Jarosz D; Friedman P; Prives C; Vogelstein B Science 252: 1708-11 (1991) The tumor-suppressor gene p53 is altered by missense mutation in numerous human malignancies. However, the biochemical properties of p53 and the effect of mutation on these properties are unclear. A h91262655 Sequence analysis of the homeobox-containing exon of the murine Hox-4.3 homeogene. Sadoul R; Featherstone MS Biochim Biophys Acta 1089: 259-61 (1991) A homeobox-containing gene * was detected by Southern analysis of a cosmid spanning a region of the murine HOX-4 complex between Hox-4.4 (Hox-5.2) and Hox-4.2 (Hox-5.1) with a probe derived from the H91274361 A gene encoding 22 highly related zinc fingers is expressed in lymphoid cell lines. Lovering R; Trowsdale J Nucleic Acids Res 19: 2921-8 (1991) A cDNA was isolated from a T cell library using an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to a sequence conserved in proteins with multiple zinc fingers of the C2H2 type. The predicted protein structure 91279444 A mouse gene related to Distal-less shows a restricted expression in the developing forebrain. Price M; Lemaistre M; Pischetola M; Di Lauro R; Duboule D Nature 351: 748-51 (1991) Many genes known to be involved in embryogenesis and morphogenesis of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster encode proteins with a highly conserved region of 60 amino acids called the homeodomain. Mamm91287800 A human Hox 1 homeobox gene exhibits myeloid-specific expression of alternative transcripts in human hematopoietic cells. Lowney P; Corral J; Detmer K; LeBeau MM; Deaven L; Lawrence HJ; Largman C Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3443-9 (1991) As part of a survey of the expression of homeobox-containing genes in human hematopoietic cells, we identified a novel gene (PL1) expressed only in cells of the myelomonocytic lineage (Shen et al., Pr91288229 Deregulation of a homeobox gene, HOX11, by the t(10;14) in T cell leukemia. Hatano M; Roberts CW; Minden M; Crist WM; Korsmeyer SJ Science 253: 79-82 (1991) Molecular cloning of the t(10;14)(q24;q11) recurrent breakpoint of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia has demonstrated a transcript for the candidate gene TCL3. Characterization of this gene from chr91289163 The ovo gene of Drosophila encodes a zinc finger protein required for female germ line development. Mevel-Ninio M; Terracol R; Kafatos FC EMBO J 10: 2259-66 (1991) As defined by dominant and recessive ovo mutations, the ovo gene is required for development of the Drosophila female germ line, and does not exert any function in males or in somatic tissues. However91293102 Purkinje cell protein-2 regulatory regions and transgene expression in cerebellar compartments. Vandaele S; Nordquist DT; Feddersen RM; Tretjakoff I; Peterson AC; Orr HT Genes Dev 5: 1136-48 (1991) The Purkinje cell protein 2 (Pcp-2) is expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells and retinal bipolar neurons. To illuminate how Pcp-2 expression is restricted to only two neuronal types and to derive too91293575 Xenopus embryos contain a somite-specific, MyoD-like protein that binds to a promoter site required for muscle actin expression. Taylor MV; Gurdon JB; Hopwood ND; Towers N; Mohun TJ Genes Dev 5: 1149-60 (1991) We identify the "M region" of the muscle-specific Xenopus cardiac actin gene promoter from -282 to -348 as necessary for the embryonic expression of a cardiac actin-beta-globin reporter gene injected 91293576 Transcriptional regulation of a yeast HSP70 gene by heat shock factor and an upstream repression site-binding factor. Park HO; Craig EA Genes Dev 5: 1299-308 (1991) SSA1, one of the heat-inducible HSP70 genes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, displays a significant basal level of expression under optimal growth conditions. Although multiple sites related to 91293589 Structure, chromosome mapping, and expression of the mouse Lyl-1 gene. Kuo SS; Mellentin JD; Copeland NG; Gilbert DJ; Jenkins NA; Cleary ML Oncogene 6: 961-8 (1991) The mouse Lyl-1 gene was cloned and shown to consist of four exons with extensive nucleotide and structural homology to the human LYL1 gene. The Lyl-1 gene was localized to the central region of mouse91296401 Determination of the c-MYC DNA-binding site. Halazonetis TD; Kandil AN Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6162-6 (1991) The carboxyl terminus of the protein encoded by the c-MYC protooncogene has similarity to the helix-loop-helix family of DNA-binding proteins and recognizes a six-nucleotide-long DNA sequence. We have91296781 A myogenic factor from sea urchin embryos capable of programming muscle differentiation in mammalian cells. Venuti JM; Goldberg L; Chakraborty T; Olson EN; Klein WH Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 6219-23 (1991) Using the basic helix-loop-helix domain of the myogenic factor myogenin as a probe, we identified a clone from a sea urchin cDNA library with considerable sequence similarity to the vertebrate myogeni91296792 Antibody to a zinc finger protein in a patient with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Sato S; Inuzuka T; Nakano R; Fujita N; Matsubara N; Sakimura K; Mishina M; Miyatake T Biochem Biophys Res Commun 178: 198-206 (1991) In some patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD), autoantibodies against neural components have been identified. Here, we demonstrate a major 58 kd protein antigen in an immunoblot o91298948 Antagonism between retinoic acid receptors. Husmann M; Lehmann J; Hoffmann B; Hermann T; Tzukerman M; Pfahl M Mol Cell Biol 11: 4097-103 (1991) In the developing mouse, retinoic acid receptors (RARs) beta and gamma 1 are expressed in characteristic spatiotemporal patterns which are correlated with different developmental fates of the respecti91304401 Cyclic amplification and selection of targets (CASTing) for the myogenin consensus binding site. Wright WE; Binder M; Funk W Mol Cell Biol 11: 4104-10 (1991) The consensus binding site for the muscle regulatory factor myogenin was determined from an unbiased set of degenerate oligonucleotides using CASTing (cyclic amplification and selection of targets). S91304402 The mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene in brown fat: correlation between DNase I hypersensitivity and expression in transgenic mice. Boyer BB; Kozak LP Mol Cell Biol 11: 4147-56 (1991) The mitochondrial uncoupling protein gene is rapidly induced in mouse brown fat following cold exposure. To identify cis-regulatory elements, approximately 50 kb of chromatin surrounding the uncouplin91304407 A complex regulatory DNA element associated with a major histocompatibility complex class I gene consists of both a silencer and an enhancer. Weissman JD; Singer DS Mol Cell Biol 11: 4217-27 (1991) A novel regulatory element which contributes to the regulation of quantitative, tissue-specific differences in gene expression has been found between -771 and -676 bp upstream of the major histocompat91304414 Striking similarities between the regulatory mechanisms governing yeast mating-type genes and mammalian major histocompatibility complex genes. Weissman JD; Singer DS Mol Cell Biol 11: 4228-34 (1991) Expression of a mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene is in part regulated by a silencer DNA sequence element which binds a complex of silencer factors. This negative regulator91304415 Organizer-specific homeobox genes in Xenopus laevis embryos. Blumberg B; Wright CV; De Robertis EM; Cho KW Science 253: 194-6 (1991) The dorsal blastopore lip of the early Xenopus laevis gastrula can organize a complete secondary body axis when transplanted to another embryo. A search for potential gene regulatory components specif91305940 Alterations at the rel locus in human lymphoma. Lu D; Thompson JD; Gorski GK; Rice NR; Mayer MG; Yunis JJ Oncogene 6: 1235-41 (1991) The rel proto-oncogene has been mapped to chromosome region 2p11.2-14, a site associated with nonrandom rearrangements in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have characterized an abnormal rel mRNA from a cell91319405 Transcription inhibition of the somatic-type phosphoglycerate kinase 1 gene in vitro by a testis-specific factor that recognizes a sequence similar to the binding site for Ets oncoproteins. Goto M; Tamura T; Mikoshiba K; Masamune Y; Nakanishi Y Nucleic Acids Res 19: 3959-63 (1991) To elucidate the mechanism by which transcription of the somatic-type phosphoglycerate kinase 1 gene is inactivated during mammalian spermatogenesis, we examined the presence of specific transcription91319557 Organization, promoter analysis and transcriptional regulation of the Staphylococcus xylosus xylose utilization operon. Sizemore C; Buchner E; Rygus T; Witke C; Gotz F; Hillen W Mol Gen Genet 227: 377-84 (1991) The Staphylococcus xylosus xyl genes were cloned in Staphylococcus carnosus by complementation to xylose utilization. Xylose isomerase assays under inducing (xylose present) and non-inducing (xylose a91326026 Retinoic acid perturbs the expression of Xhox.lab genes and alters mesodermal determination in Xenopus laevis. Sive HL; Cheng PF Genes Dev 5: 1321-32 (1991) Retinoic acid (RA) treatment of Xenopus laevis embryos leads to anterior truncation of the body axis (Durston et al. 1989; Sive et al. 1990). These initial studies suggested that RA may play a role in91331304 A nuclear factor binds to the metal regulatory elements of the mouse gene encoding metallothionein-I. Labbe S; Prevost J; Remondelli P; Leone A; Seguin C Nucleic Acids Res 19: 4225-31 (1991) The ability of vertebrate metallothionein (MT) genes to be induced by heavy metals is controlled by metal regulatory elements (MREs) present in the promoter in multiple, non-identical copies. The bind91334134 Cloning of an NF-kappa B subunit which stimulates HIV transcription in synergy with p65. Schmid RM; Perkins ND; Duckett CS; Andrews PC; Nabel GJ Nature 352: 733-6 (1991) The transcription factor NF-kappa B is a protein complex which comprises a DNA-binding subunit and an associated transactivation protein (of relative molecular masses 50,000 (50K) and 65K, respectivel91343004 Interaction of the v-and c-Myb proteins with regulatory sequences of the human c-myc gene. Zobel A; Kalkbrenner F; Guehmann S; Nawrath M; Vorbrueggen G; Moelling K Oncogene 6: 1397-407 (1991) Eight c-Myb-binding sites have been identified in the regulatory region of the human c-myc gene using gel retardation and DNAase I footprint assays with purified bacterially expressed full-length and 91360274 Two site-specific deletions and t(1;14) translocation restricted to human T-cell acute leukemias disrupt the 5' part of the tal-1 gene. Bernard O; Lecointe N; Jonveaux P; Souyri M; Mauchauffe M; Berger R; Larsen CJ; Mathieu-Mahul D Oncogene 6: 1477-88 (1991) Analysis of several cases of t(1:14)(p32;q11) translocation present in 3% of T-cell acute leukemias (T-ALL) has revealed the tal-1 gene. This gene encodes a helix-loop-helix protein. It has been found91360285 Expression pattern of zebrafish pax genes suggests a role in early brain regionalization. Krauss S; Johansen T; Korzh V; Fjose A Nature 353: 267-70 (1991) In vertebrates the developing hindbrain is organized in segmental units. These units provide the primary grid for differentiation and axonal outgrowth. In the more anterior regions of the brain, howev91375540 Cloning and characterization of two mouse heat shock factors with distinct inducible and constitutive DNA-binding ability. Sarge KD; Zimarino V; Holm K; Wu C; Morimoto RI Genes Dev 5: 1902-11 (1991) We have cloned two distinct mouse heat shock transcription factor genes, mHSF1 and mHSF2. The mHSF1 and mHSF2 open reading frames are similar in size, containing 503 and 517 amino acids, respectively.92009180 Identification of a glucocorticoid response element contributing to the constitutive expression of the rat liver alpha 1-inhibitor III gene. Abraham LJ; Bradshaw AD; Northemann W; Fey GH J Biol Chem 266: 18268-75 (1991) alpha 1-Inhibitor III (alpha 1 I3), a broad range plasma proteinase inhibitor, is synthesized with striking tissue specificity in rat livers. The gene is expressed strongly in periportal hepatocytes o92011562 Helix-loop-helix transcriptional activators bind to a sequence in glucocorticoid response elements of retrovirus enhancers. Corneliussen B; Thornell A; Hallberg B; Grundstrom T J Virol 65: 6084-93 (1991) A family of nuclear proteins, designated SL3-3 enhancer factors 2 (SEF2), were found to interact with an Ephrussi box-like motif within the glucocorticoid response element in the enhancer of the murin92015505 Chicken vitellogenin gene-binding protein, a leucine zipper transcription factor that binds to an important control element in the chicken vitellogenin II promoter, is related to rat DBP. Iyer SV; Davis DL; Seal SN; Burch JB Mol Cell Biol 11: 4863-75 (1991) We screened a chicken liver cDNA expression library with a probe spanning the distal region of the chicken vitellogenin II (VTGII) gene promoter and isolated clones for a transcription factor that we 92017760 Exocrine pancreas transcription factor 1 binds to a bipartite enhancer element and activates transcription of acinar genes. Weinrich SL; Meister A; Rutter WJ Mol Cell Biol 11: 4985-97 (1991) Exocrine pancreas (XP) enhancers, which contain a conserved core sequence, are active only in XP cells. A core enhancer-binding activity also appears to be restricted to XP nuclei. Here we describe th92017774 Two distinct alpha-interferon-dependent signal transduction pathways may contribute to activation of transcription of the guanylate-binding protein gene. Decker T; Lew DJ; Darnell JE Jr Mol Cell Biol 11: 5147-53 (1991) The promoter of the gene encoding a cytoplasmic guanylate-binding protein (GBP) contains two overlapping elements: the interferon stimulation response element (ISRE), which mediates alpha interferon (92017789 The chicken junD gene and its product. Hartl M; Hutchins JT; Vogt PK Oncogene 6: 1623-31 (1991) We have isolated and characterized the chicken junD gene. It does not contain an intron; its upstream regulatory sequences lack the AP-1- binding site seen in c-jun but include two CRE elements. Downs92019832 A dominant negative form of transcription activator mTFE3 created by differential splicing. Roman C; Cohn L; Calame K Science 254: 94-7 (1991) Transcription factor E3 (mTFE3) is a murine transcription activator that binds to the intronic enhancer of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. A naturally occurring splice product of mTFE3 messenger 92022552 Cloning of fish zinc-finger genes related to Krox-20 and Krox-24. Lanfear J; Jowett T; Holland PW Biochem Biophys Res Commun 179: 1220-4 (1991) Southern hybridization suggests that the zebrafish genome contains multiple zinc-finger genes related to the putative mouse developmental genes, Krox-20 and Krox-24. The polymerase chain reaction was 92028854 Sequence of general transcription factor TFIIB and relationships to other initiation factors. Malik S; Hisatake K; Sumimoto H; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 9553-7 (1991) Transcription factor TFIIB is a ubiquitous factor required for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II. Previous studies have suggested that TFIIB serves as a bridge between the "TATA"-binding f92052130 Transcription of the muscle regulatory gene Myf4 is regulated by serum components, peptide growth factors and signaling pathways involving G proteins. Salminen A; Braun T; Buchberger A; Jurs S; Winter B; Arnold HH J Cell Biol 115: 905-17 (1991) The muscle regulatory protein myogenin accumulates in differentiating muscle cells when the culture medium is depleted for serum. To investigate the regulation of myogenin gene expression, we have iso92064650 Structural motifs and potential sigma homologies in the large subunit of human general transcription factor TFIIE. Ohkuma Y; Sumimoto H; Hoffmann A; Shimasaki S; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Nature 354: 398-401 (1991) The general transcription factor TFIIE has an essential role in eukaryotic transcription initiation together with RNA polymerase II and other general factors. Human TFIIE consists of two subunits of r92065982 Conserved sequence motifs in the small subunit of human general transcription factor TFIIE. Sumimoto H; Ohkuma Y; Sinn E; Kato H; Shimasaki S; Horikoshi M; Roeder RG Nature 354: 401-4 (1991) A general initiation factor, TFIIE, is essential for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in conjunction with other general factors. TFIIE is a heterotetramer containing two subunits of relat92065983 YY1 is an initiator sequence-binding protein that directs and activates transcription in vitro. Seto E; Shi Y; Shenk T Nature 354: 241-5 (1991) Regulation of eukaryotic messenger RNA transcription is governed by DNA sequence elements that serve as binding sites for sequence-specific transcription factors. These include upstream and downstream92072698 Cooperative interaction of an initiator-binding transcription initiation factor and the helix-loop-helix activator USF. Roy AL; Meisterernst M; Pognonec P; Roeder RG Nature 354: 245-8 (1991) Transcription initiation by mammalian RNA polymerase II is effected by multiple common factors interacting through minimal promoter elements and regulated by gene-specific factors interacting with dis92072699 Regulation of a segmentation stripe by overlapping activators and repressors in the Drosophila embryo. Stanojevic D; Small S; Levine M Science 254: 1385-7 (1991) Gene expression stripes in Drosophila melanogaster embryos provide a model for how eukaryotic promoters are turned on and off in response to combinations of transcriptional regulators. Genetic studies92073911 Organization and characterization of three genes involved in D-xylose catabolism in Lactobacillus pentosus. Lokman BC; van Santen P; Verdoes JC; Kruse J; Leer RJ; Posno M; Pouwels PH Mol Gen Genet 230: 161-9 (1991) A cluster of three genes involved in D-xylose catabolism (viz. xylose genes) in Lactobacillus pentosus has been cloned in Escherichia coli and characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis. The deduce92079891 The Saccharomyces cerevisiae SPT14 gene is essential for normal expression of the yeast transposon, Ty, as well as for expression of the HIS4 gene and several genes in the mating pathway. Fassler JS; Gray W; Lee JP; Yu GY; Gingerich G Mol Gen Genet 230: 310-20 (1991) To investigate the role of the trans-acting transcription factor encoded by the essential SPT14 (SPT = Suppressor of Ty insertion mutations) gene, we have cloned, mapped and sequenced the gene. From t92079912 Conserved structural motifs between Xenopus and human TFIIB. Hisatake K; Malik S; Roeder RG; Horikoshi M Nucleic Acids Res 19: 6639 (1991) 92093629 Positional cloning and characterization of a paired box- and homeobox- containing gene from the aniridia region. Ton CC; Hirvonen H; Miwa H; Weil MM; Monaghan P; Jordan T; van Heyningen V; Hastie ND; Meijers-Heijboer H; Drechsler M; et al Cell 67: 1059-74 (1991) Based on the map location of the aniridia (AN) locus in human chromosomal band 11p13, we have cloned a candidate AN cDNA (D11S812E) that is completely or partially deleted in two patients with AN. The92103673 Lrp, a leucine-responsive protein, regulates branched-chain amino acid transport genes in Escherichia coli. Haney SA; Platko JV; Oxender DL; Calvo JM J Bacteriol 174: 108-15 (1992) We investigated the relationship between two regulatory genes, livR and lrp, that map near min 20 on the Escherichia coli chromosome. livR was identified earlier as a regulatory gene affecting high-af92104949 Identification of protein-binding sequences mediating constitutive and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced VL30 transcription in cultured mouse and human keratinocytes. Bohm S J Biol Chem 266: 24834-41 (1991) A retrovirus-like 30S (VL30) gene induced in mouse epidermis after a single application of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was used as a model gene to define mechanisms of transcriptional r92105156 TAL2, a helix-loop-helix gene activated by the (7;9)(q34;q32) translocation in human T-cell leukemia. Xia Y; Brown L; Yang CY; Tsan JT; Siciliano MJ; Espinosa R III; Le Beau MM; Baer RJ Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88: 11416-20 (1991) Tumor-specific alteration of the TAL1 gene occurs in almost 25% of patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). We now report the identification of TAL2, a distinct gene that was isolate92107961 The helix-loop-helix protein rE12 and the C/EBP-related factor rNFIL-6 bind to neighboring sites within the c-fos serum response element. Metz R; Ziff E Oncogene 6: 2165-78 (1991) We show that members of two major families of transcription factors, the helix-loop-helix and C/EBP families, interact with the c-fos serum response element (SRE). Two cDNA clones encoding SRE binding92115315 Pax: a murine multigene family of paired box-containing genes. Walther C; Guenet JL; Simon D; Deutsch U; Jostes B; Goulding MD; Plachov D; Balling R; Gruss P Genomics 11: 424-34 (1991) A murine multigene family has been identified that shares a conserved sequence motif, the paired box, with developmental control and tissue- specific genes of Drosophila. To date five murine paired bo92120664 Glucocorticoid receptor-mediated suppression of the interleukin 2 gene expression through impairment of the cooperativity between nuclear factor of activated T cells and AP-1 enhancer elements. Vacca A; Felli MP; Farina AR; Martinotti S; Maroder M; Screpanti I; Meco D; Petrangeli E; Frati L; Gulino A J Exp Med 175: 637-46 (1992) The immunosuppressant hormone dexamethasone (Dex) interferes with T cell-specific signals activating the enhancer sequences directing interleukin 2 (IL-2) transcription. We report that the Dex-depende92156785 Nucleotide sequence of the sheep MyoD1 gene. Huynen L; Bass J; Gardner RC; Bellamy AR Nucleic Acids Res 20: 374 (1992) 92158635 The MyoD family of myogenic factors is regulated by electrical activity: isolation and characterization of a mouse Myf-5 cDNA. Buonanno A; Apone L; Morasso MI; Beers R; Brenner HR; Eftimie R Nucleic Acids Res 20: 539-44 (1992) A full-length cDNA coding for a homolog of the human Myf-5 was isolated from a BC3H-1 mouse library and characterized. The clone codes for a protein of 255 amino acids that is 89%, 88% and 68% identic92158662 Conserved structural motifs among mammalian junB genes. Kawakami Z; Kitabayashi I; Matsuoka T; Gachelin G; Yokoyama K Nucleic Acids Res 20: 914 (1992) 92178996 H-2RIIBP (RXR beta) heterodimerization provides a mechanism for combinatorial diversity in the regulation of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone responsive genes. Marks MS; Hallenbeck PL; Nagata T; Segars JH; Appella E; Nikodem VM; Ozato K EMBO J 11: 1419-35 (1992) H-2RIIBP (RXR beta) is a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily that activates transcription of MHC class I genes in response to retinoic acid (RA). Using chemical cross-linking, co- immun92224881 A novel human insulinoma-associated cDNA, IA-1, encodes a protein with Goto Y; De Silva MG; Toscani A; Prabhakar BS; Notkins AL; Lan MS J Biol Chem 267: 15252-7 (1992) A subtraction library was constructed from human insulinoma (beta cell tumor) and glucagonoma (alpha cell tumor) cDNA phagemid libraries. Differential screening of 153 clones with end-labeled mRNAs fr92340582 Cell-specific transcription of the peripherin gene in neuronal cell lines involves a cis-acting element surrounding the TATA box. Desmarais D; Filion M; Lapointe L; Royal A EMBO J 11: 2971-80 (1992) Peripherin is a neurone-specific intermediate filament protein expressed mostly in the peripheral nervous system. To localize sequences that are important for the regulation of peripherin gene transcr92347332 Subunit structure of cell-specific E box-binding proteins analyzed by quantitation of electrophoretic mobility shift. Park CW; Walker MD J Biol Chem 267: 15642-9 (1992) Expression of insulin and immunoglobulin genes is dependent on the presence of E boxes (consensus sequence CAXXTG) within the enhancer regions. These sequences are recognized by cell-specific nuclear 92348423 Mammary gland-specific nuclear factor is present in lactating rodent and bovine mammary tissue and composed of a single polypeptide of 89 kDa. Wakao H; Schmitt-Ney M; Groner B J Biol Chem 267: 16365-70 (1992) Mammary epithelial cells, under the regulation of the lactogenic hormones, produce high amounts of milk proteins during the lactation period. The caseins are the most abundant milk proteins. We have s92355601 Identification of a novel downstream binding protein implicated in late- phase-specific activation of the adenovirus major late promotor. Mondesert G; Tribouley C; Kedinger C Nucleic Acids Res 20: 3881-9 (1992) The adenovirus major late promotor (MLP) is induced to very high levels after the onset of the viral DNA replication. Previous studies have identified sequence elements located downstream of the MLP s92375667 Conserved classes of homeodomains in Schistosoma mansoni, an early bilateral metazoan. Webster PJ; Mansour TE Mech Dev 38: 25-32 (1992) Genes containing a homeobox can be divided into classes based on the distinctive peptide sequences of their diverged homeodomains. Many of these classes, including Antennapedia, engrailed and paired, 92399260 Regulation of even-skipped stripe 2 in the Drosophila embryo. Small S; Blair A; Levine M EMBO J 11: 4047-57 (1992) In an effort to determine how crude gradients of transcriptional activators and repressors specify sharp stripes of gene expression in the early embryo, we have conducted a detailed study of even-skip93011000 Structure and expression of major histocompatibility complex-binding protein 2, a 275-kDa zinc finger protein that binds to an enhancer of major histocompatibility complex class I genes. van 't Veer LJ; Lutz PM; Isselbacher KJ; Bernards R Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 89: 8971-5 (1992) We have isolated a cDNA encoding a transcription factor that binds to the enhancer of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes. MHC-binding protein 2 (MBP-2) is a 275-kDa protein, containi93028387 A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia-telangiectasia. 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Huff CA; Yuspa SH; Rosenthal D J Biol Chem 268: 377-84 (1993) To define DNA regulatory elements that mediate the response of the keratin 1 (K1) gene to Ca(2+)-induced differentiation, regions spanning the 5'- and 3'-flanking sequences, coding regions, and intron93107031 Characterization of the GArC motif. A novel cis-acting element of the human cardiac myosin heavy chain genes. Mably JD; Sole MJ; Liew CC J Biol Chem 268: 476-82 (1993) A positive element between positions -924 and -851 and a negative element between -851 and -762 of the 5'-upstream region of the alpha- myosin heavy chain gene were identified through transient transf93107047 Two open complexes and a requirement for Mg2+ to open the lambda PR transcription start site. 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